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1、Latin America2022The Mobile EconomyCopyright 2022 GSM AssociationThe GSMA is a global organisation unifying the mobile ecosystem to discover,develop and deliver innovation foundational to positive business environments and societal change.Our vision is to unlock the full power of connectivity so tha

2、t people,industry and society thrive.Representing mobile operators and organisations across the mobile ecosystem and adjacent industries,the GSMA delivers for its members across three broad pillars:Connectivity for Good,Industry Services and Solutions,and Outreach.This activity includes advancing po

3、licy,tackling todays biggest societal challenges,underpinning the technology and interoperability that make mobile work,and providing the worlds largest platform to convene the mobile ecosystem at the MWC and M360 series of events.We invite you to find out more at Follow the GSMA on Twitter:GSMAGSMA

4、 Intelligence is the definitive source of global mobile operator data,analysis and forecasts,and publisher of authoritative industry reports and research.Our data covers every operator group,network and MVNO in every country worldwide from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe.It is the most accurate and complete

5、 set of industry metrics available,comprising tens of millions of individual data points,updated daily.GSMA Intelligence is relied on by leading operators,vendors,regulators,financial institutions and third-party industry players,to support strategic decision-making and long-term investment planning

6、.The data is used as an industry reference point and is frequently cited by the media and by the industry itself.Our team of analysts and experts produce regular thought-leading research reports across a range of industry The Mobile Economy Latin America 2022ContentsExecutive summary2The mobile mark

7、et in numbers101.1Subscriber growth remains strong111.25G grows as 4G begins to plateau121.3Smartphone adoption and data traffic on the rise131.4Revenue growth outlook remains strong15Key trends shaping the digital landscape162.1The 5G era starts to take shape172.2The telco of the future:operators s

8、hift to renewable energy212.3The metaverse takes root in Latin America242.4Digital disruption sparks investments in tech start-ups26Mobile contributing to economic growth and social progress283.1Mobiles contribution to economic growth293.2Mobile enhancing digital inclusion323.3The mobile industrys i

9、mpact on the SDGs34Policies to accelerate Latin Americas digital future364.1Universal access to connectivity374.2Spectrum management and pricing391234The Mobile Economy Latin America 2022As the world emerges from the pandemic and many social and economic activities adapt to a new normal,digital conn

10、ectivity is underpinning innovative applications for consumers and new business models for enterprises.A priority for governments in Latin America and elsewhere is to drive economic recovery and promote sustainable development.Digital services and technologies are crucial to realising this objective

11、,by stimulating economic growth,mobilising the workforce and enabling industrial efficiencies.In Latin America,mobile connectivity remains the main form of internet connectivity,particularly as for many it is the only form of connectivity.At the end of 2021,the number of mobile internet users in Lat

12、in America exceeded 380 million,equating to 60%of the population.However,another 36%live in areas covered by mobile broadband networks but do not use mobile internet services(known as the usage gap).Addressing the main barriers to mobile internet adoption,including affordability,safety and security,

13、and knowledge and digital skills,will extend the benefits of the internet and digital technology to more people in society.This requires a concerted effort by the mobile industry and its partners.Addressing the usage gap is crucial to closing the digital divideExecutive summaryAt the end of 2021,the

14、 number of mobile internet users in Latin America exceeded 380 million,equating to 60%of the population.The Mobile Economy Latin America 2022Executive summary24G dominates,but 5Gs footprint is expanding 4G is Latin Americas leading mobile technology,with more than 410 million connections at the end

15、of 2021.Take-up has more than doubled over the past five years,driven by network expansion and efforts by mobile operators to transition users away from legacy networks.4G adoption is projected to peak in 2024,as consumers increasingly migrate to 5G plans.5G is currently at a nascent stage in Latin

16、America.By the end of June 2022,seven countries in the region had launched commercial 5G services.The current adoption rate is around 1%of total connections;this is expected to grow to 11%by 2025.Mobile operators are leveraging 5G to pursue new opportunities.For example,5G fixed wireless access(FWA)

17、is being used to drive first-time home broadband adoption in markets such as Brazil,Colombia and Peru.Additionally,an increasing number of enterprises across various sectors are attracted to the possibility of using customised private 5G networks,with several companies announcing plans in 2022 for c

18、ommercial deployments.The Mobile Economy Latin America 2022Executive summary3The Covid-19 pandemic highlighted the huge opportunity for digital technology to disrupt legacy business processes.This,in turn,is driving investments in the tech start-up ecosystem.In 2021,Latin American start-ups raised a

19、 record$19.5 billion in funding more than three times the amount raised in 2019.1 This resulted in 18 start-ups in the region achieving unicorn status(start-ups with a market value of$1 billion before going public).Fintech remains a significant driver,but several other sectors,including education an

20、d e-commerce,are seeing a growing share of investments.The concept of the metaverse,a parallel virtual world populated with avatars,has gained significant mindshare in Latin America.As such,the region is attracting the attention of global metaverse ecosystem players,such as Meta.In addition,a growin

21、g number of local ecosystem players,including government agencies,have announced activities across the metaverse value chain.Mobile operators will play a central role in the future development of the metaverse in Latin America.Mobile networks,particularly 5G,will provide the required connectivity fo

22、r the metaverse in the region.There are also opportunities to participate in other parts of the value chain,as has been demonstrated by operators in other regions around the world.New opportunities point to Latin Americas digital future1.“Heres Whats Driving Latin Americas Rank As The Worlds Fastest

23、-Growing Region For Venture Funding”,Crunchbase,January 2022 The Mobile Economy Latin America 2022Executive summary4The pandemic has increased the profile and political awareness of the advantages of digitisation.However,as more activities move online,unconnected populations will be at greater risk

24、of exclusion from life-enhancing services.This underlines the importance of accelerating progress towards universal access to connectivity to drive social inclusion,economic recovery and future crisis resilience.Unlocking the potential of mobile connectivity requires policy measures to support netwo

25、rk investments and improve the affordability of digital services for consumers.Policy priorities should be based on a countrys local context and level of digital development,which requires granular and reliable data.There is also a need to promote digital skills and education across all parts of soc

26、iety.Fully realising the mobile opportunity will require forward-looking policymaking,particularly with respect to spectrum.The high cost of spectrum in the region is preventing millions of people from gaining access to mobile broadband services or experiencing high-quality networks.High prices are

27、not exclusively justified by supply and demand;some governments have prioritised tax revenue generation goals,with clear consequences for the industry and users.Policy decisions are key to accelerating Latin Americas digital futureIn 2021,mobile technologies and services generated 7.4%of GDP in Lati

28、n America a contribution that amounted to more than$345 billion of economic value added.The mobile ecosystem also supported more than 1.6 million jobs(directly and indirectly)and made a substantial contribution to the funding of the public sector,with almost$30 billion raised through taxes on the se

29、ctor.Over the period to 2025,mobiles contribution will grow by around$20 billion,as countries in the region increasingly benefit from the improvements in productivity and efficiency brought about by the increased take-up of mobile services.Beyond economic impacts,mobile operators are making signific

30、ant contributions to the welfare of society more broadly,as demonstrated by efforts to support the achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).Operators continue to deliver the connectivity that enables the growth of small businesses and digital transformation of enterprises,and provid

31、e access to life-enhancing services and tools for citizens.Education is one example,with operators in Latin America offering a range of digital tools and platforms to enable students to learn from any location,helping to meet SDG 4:Quality Education.Mobile continues to make a significant contributio

32、n to the economy and wider societyUnlocking the potential of mobile connectivity requires policy measures to support network investments and improve the affordability of digital services The Mobile Economy Latin America 2022Executive summary5439m(excluding licensed cellular IoT)Unique mobile subscri

33、bers487m694m812mSIM connections2025202120252021202520212025202120252021202520212021384m440mMobile internet usersPenetration ratePercentage of populationPenetration ratePercentage of population69%74%Penetration ratePercentage of population60%67%109%123%4G70%202511%2025202159%Licensed cellular IoT con

34、nections$30bnPublic funding970,000 jobsEmploymentsupported indirectlyTotal revenues44mof GDP7.4%Mobile industry contribution to GDP$345bn$365bn78m2025202176%83%Smartphones$60bn$74bnOperator revenues and investment Mobile ecosystem contribution to public funding(before regulatory and spectrum fees)20

35、21-20254.0%CAGR3.5%2021-2025CAGR2.6%2021-2025CAGRPercentage of connections(excluding licensed cellular IoT)Percentage of connections(excluding licensed cellular IoT)5G650,000 jobsDirectly supported by the mobile ecosystem in 202120252021Operator capex$60bnThe Mobile EconomyLatin America2025202120252

36、02120252021Percentage of connections(excluding licensed cellular IoT)439m(excluding licensed cellular IoT)Unique mobile subscribers487m694m812mSIM connections2025202120252021202520212025202120252021202520212021384m440mMobile internet usersPenetration ratePercentage of populationPenetration ratePerce

37、ntage of population69%74%Penetration ratePercentage of population60%67%109%123%4G70%202511%2025202159%Licensed cellular IoT connections$30bnPublic funding970,000 jobsEmploymentsupported indirectlyTotal revenues44mof GDP7.4%Mobile industry contribution to GDP$345bn$365bn78m2025202176%83%Smartphones$6

38、0bn$74bnOperator revenues and investment Mobile ecosystem contribution to public funding(before regulatory and spectrum fees)2021-20254.0%CAGR3.5%2021-2025CAGR2.6%2021-2025CAGRPercentage of connections(excluding licensed cellular IoT)Percentage of connections(excluding licensed cellular IoT)5G650,00

39、0 jobsDirectly supported by the mobile ecosystem in 202120252021Operator capex$60bnThe Mobile EconomyLatin America202520212025202120252021Percentage of connections(excluding licensed cellular IoT)Subscriber and technology trends for key marketsArgentina4G5G2G3G77%73%2025 2021TECHNOLOGY MIX*SMARTPHON

40、E ADOPTIONSUBSCRIBER PENETRATION79%75%2025 20215%19%8%19%77%62%10%20212025Brazil4G5G2G3G88%86%2025 2021TECHNOLOGY MIX*SMARTPHONE ADOPTIONSUBSCRIBER PENETRATION76%71%2025 20211%4%4%12%78%83%17%1%20212025Colombia4G5G2G3G82%67%2025 2021TECHNOLOGY MIX*SMARTPHONE ADOPTIONSUBSCRIBER PENETRATION74%69%2025

41、20213%13%18%38%75%49%4%20212025Mexico4G5G2G3G74%67%2025 2021TECHNOLOGY MIX*SMARTPHONE ADOPTIONSUBSCRIBER PENETRATION78%71%2025 20211%8%30%49%55%42%14%1%20212025The Mobile Economy Latin America 2022Executive summary8*Percentage of total connections Note:Totals may not add up due to roundingChile4G5G2

42、G3G81%70%2025 2021TECHNOLOGY MIX*SMARTPHONE ADOPTIONSUBSCRIBER PENETRATION81%77%2025 20212%5%7%18%77%77%14%20212025Guatemala4G5G2G3G81%65%2025 2021TECHNOLOGY MIX*SMARTPHONE ADOPTIONSUBSCRIBER PENETRATION51%46%2025 2021202120252%15%64%62%34%23%Peru4G5G2G3G70%62%2025 2021TECHNOLOGY MIX*SMARTPHONE ADOP

43、TIONSUBSCRIBER PENETRATION70%66%2025 2021202120253%17%18%33%72%50%7%1%The Mobile Economy Latin America 2022Executive summary901The mobile market in numbersThe Mobile Economy Latin America 2022The mobile market in numbers10Figure 1Key milestones for the mobile industry in Latin America to 2025Source:

44、GSMA IntelligenceFigure 2There will be nearly 50 million additional mobile subscribers in Latin America by 2025;Brazil and Mexico combined will account for over half New mobile subscribers(million),subscriber penetration(%)Source:GSMA Intelligence1.1 Subscriber growth remains strong20222023202420254

45、G adoption peaks at 72%750 million mobile connections3G adoption falls below 20%6 million 5G connections45 million 5G connections70%unique mobile subscriber penetration90 million 5G connections670 million smartphone connections4G adoption begins to decline65%mobile internet penetration4G adoption re

46、aches 70%80%smartphone adoption4872021MexicoBrazil2025OthersGuatemalaColombiaArgentinaPeru439141423321169%74%The Mobile Economy Latin America 2022The mobile market in numbers11Figure 35G adoption in Latin America will overtake 2G in 2024,as 4G reaches its peak Percentage of total connections(excludi

47、ng licensed cellular IoT)Source:GSMA IntelligenceFigure 4By 2025,5G adoption will reach double digits in Latin America but will lag the global average5G as a percentage of total connections in 2025 Source:GSMA Intelligence*Australia,Japan,Singapore and South Korea1.2 5G grows as 4G begins to plateau

48、Emerging 5G marketsLeading 5G marketsGlobal average 25%5G connections(2025)9%7%12%4%11%67%198m41m90m278m311m231m1,030m75m30m41m44%64%59%50%Developed Asia Pacific*GCC Arab StatesLatin AmericaNorth AmericaEuropeRussia&CISGreater ChinaRest of MENARest of Asia PacificSub-Saharan Africa202120222023202420

49、2580%60%40%20%0%11%2%17%70%5G2G3G4GThe Mobile Economy Latin America 2022The mobile market in numbers12Figure 6Mobile data consumption in Latin America will quadruple by 2027,growing faster than the global averageMobile data traffic per smartphone(GB per month)Source:EricssonFigure 5By 2025,smartphon

50、es will on average account for 83%of total connections in Latin AmericaSmartphones as a percentage of total connections in selected markets in Latin AmericaSource:GSMA Intelligence1.3 Smartphone adoption and data traffic on the rise 202120212027202734404.3x3.3xLatin AmericaGlobal average7.912 2025 2

51、02178%89%Guatemala76%83%Latin America67%82%Colombia86%88%Brazil73%77%Argentina68%74%Mexico65%70%PeruThe Mobile Economy Latin America 2022The mobile market in numbers132.Newzoo Global Games Market Report 20213.Statista4.The E-Commerce Boom Coming to Latin America,Lazard Fund Managers,2021Digital life

52、style services drive data traffic growth in Latin AmericaConsumers in Latin America are increasingly adopting a variety of digital lifestyle services.Rising smartphone adoption is a big driver,with nearly 4 in 5 mobile connections,on average,now based on smartphones.Online gaming in particular has w

53、itnessed strong growth in the region;the Newzoo Global Games Market Report for 20212 ranked the region as the fastest growing in the world,albeit from a lower base relative to Asia Pacific,Europe and the US,with a 5.1%year-on-year growth in revenue,which was estimated at$7.2 billion.Mobile devices h

54、ave offered gamers the flexibility to access gameplay at any time and in any place.In a 2020 study,over two thirds of respondents reported spending more than 40 minutes per day playing mobile games.3E-commerce,video streaming and social networking are also popular digital lifestyle services in Latin

55、 America.These services have benefitted from changes in consumer behaviour instigated by social distancing measures during the pandemic.For example,the proportion of people shopping online(e-commerce penetration)surged to levels the region was not expected to reach for another 10 years,4 while more

56、than 400 million people across the region,representing nearly two thirds of the population,are active social media users.The Mobile Economy Latin America 2022The mobile market in numbers14Figure 7Mobile operator revenue in Latin America will grow steadily to 2025Mobile revenue(billion)Source:GSMA In

57、telligence1.4 Revenue growth outlook remains strongFigure 85G rollouts to sustain capex growth over the next five years in Latin AmericaOperator capex(billion)Source:GSMA Intelligence Capex/revenue Capex Annual growth Revenue20212022202320242025$65.0$60.3$70.7$73.6$67.95.3%7.8%4.6%4.0%4.1%2021202220

58、2320242025$11.6$11.4$12.5$12.1$12.619%18%18%18%17%The Mobile Economy Latin America 2022The mobile market in numbers1502Key trends shaping the digital landscapeThe Mobile Economy Latin America 2022Key trends shaping the digital landscape 162.1 The 5G era starts to take shape5G continues to make inroa

59、ds in Latin America.As of mid-2022,seven countries in the region had launched commercial 5G services.Operators in Uruguay have publicly announced plans to launch commercial 5G services in the coming years,with more announcements expected to follow soon.5G coverage in the region is still mostly limit

60、ed to major cities,but there is growing evidence that deployments are ramping up.5G coverage is available in 22 cities across Brazil and in all districts of Chile.Furthermore,at the end of June 2022,5G networks were live in 40 Mexican cities,offering coverage to around 56 million people.With coverag

61、e expanding,5G adoption is steadily rising across the region and is forecast to reach 6.3 million connections at the end of 2022.Figure 95G deployments across Latin AmericaSource:GSMA Intelligence*Launched commercial 5G FWA services but not 5G mobile202020212022BrazilMexicoColombia*Peru*ChileGuatema

62、la Dominican RepublicThe Mobile Economy Latin America 2022Key trends shaping the digital landscape 17Figure 10Developing network slicing capabilities remains a priority for operators in Latin AmericaTop benefit of 5G SA(percentage of operators)Note:massive machine-type communications(MMTC)scored 0%S

63、ource:GSMA Intelligence Operators in Focus:Network Transformation Survey 2022Network slicing capabilitiesUltra-reliable,low-latency communications(URLLC)supportSimplified network architectureNetwork cost optimisation40%30%20%10%As is the case globally,most initial 5G deployments in Latin America beg

64、an with a non-standalone(NSA)architecture,leveraging the 5G radio access network(RAN)equipment for connectivity and a 4G core for control functions.This allowed operators to launch 5G services more quickly and cost-effectively,with greater levels of coverage than if they opted for the standalone(SA)

65、alternative.To date,5G SA is only available in Brazil and Colombia in the region,with the former home to a much larger rollout of 5G SA networks.This has been driven by the demands of Brazils telecoms regulator,which issued obligations for 5G SA rollout as part of the recent spectrum auction.Such ac

66、tions could help accelerate the development of new applications and use cases that rely on 5Gs improved functionality.In March 2022,TIM Brazil said it has completed the implementation of its 5G core SA network in the country.The rollout of 5G SA networks will drive interest in the customised network

67、 capabilities that network slicing can create.While slicing has use cases in the consumer segment(e.g.gaming),it is the enterprise market(e.g.IoT applications across vertical sectors)that is attracting more attention.That the industry is still conducting network slicing trials indicates there is wor

68、k to be done to execute on its commercialisation,but those trials are critical to ensure that dedicated on-demand slicing solutions can deliver on their promise.The Mobile Economy Latin America 2022Key trends shaping the digital landscape 185G FWA builds momentum,while operators look to develop furt

69、her 5G use cases5G FWA is being used to drive first-time home broadband adoption in markets such as Brazil,Colombia and Peru.A common target market is the urban,middle-income segment.5G FWA has a lower time-to-market than FTTH,while GSMA Intelligence research shows that it can be cost-effective vers

70、us FTTH in several scenarios.5 This is particularly the case where new fibre infrastructure needs to be built,so it represents a suitable and timely tool for tackling the digital divide in emerging markets.Over the next four years,5G FWA connections are expected to grow by around 90%per annum(on ave

71、rage,across the 52 countries which have either launched or announced a 5G FWA service as of June 2022).Although this figure is boosted by the small 5G FWA base currently,it still shows clear momentum behind 5G FWA.By 2025,the total number of 5G FWA connections across the 52 countries is expected to

72、reach around 40 million,up from 4 million connections in 2021.Around a fifth of the 52 markets,including Brazil,are forecast to record more than 1 million 5G FWA subscribers by 2025.Beyond FWA,mobile operators are acutely aware of the need to develop further compelling use cases that leverage 5Gs un

73、ique capabilities.These will require the right blend of partnerships,with a combination of capabilities key to creating value.As such,operators and equipment vendors have invested in 5G labs dedicated to co-creating solutions with partners to address specific needs.Recent examples include the follow

74、ing:September 2022:Costa Ricas telecoms development plan will include the creation of 5G laboratories.Universities,operators and other private companies have all signalled their interest in the initiative.July 2022:Nokia and AT&T Mexico announced that they are collaborating to accelerate the develop

75、ment of the 5G ecosystem in Mexico.As part of this,Nokia has been selected as a strategic partner for AT&T Mexicos recently inaugurated 5G Innovation Lab.June 2022:Movistar Chile,Huawei and Universidad de Chile announced a partnership to develop a 5G laboratory in the Carn campus.The initiative is p

76、art of the Movistar inter-regional circuit,which comprises 10 technological laboratories in five regions of Chile.Figure 11Peru and Brazil lead the way for 5G FWA in Latin America5G FWA connections growth forecast(CAGR),20212025Source:GSMA Intelligence205%189%100%BrazilPeruColombia5.The 5G FWA oppor

77、tunity:A TCO model for a 5G mmWave FWA network,GSMA Intelligence,2022The Mobile Economy Latin America 2022Key trends shaping the digital landscape 19Demand for private networks continues to growFor enterprises,the introduction of 5G means many different use cases are possible within a common standar

78、d.5G technology can be used to bring significant improvements to existing use cases(e.g.reliable indoor coverage in warehouses or remote sites in oil extraction or mining)or to enable new use cases(e.g.embedding video and object recognition into quality inspections of manufactured parts).An increasi

79、ng number of enterprises across vertical sectors are attracted to the possibility of using customised private 5G networks.In this way,they can effectively control who can access the network and the data flowing within it,while also ensuring reliability,privacy and resilience.2022 saw growing momentu

80、m behind private networks in Latin America,with a number of significant announcements.Figure 12Factories,mines and ports emerge as popular private network use casesSource:GSMA IntelligenceBrazil In September 2022,Nestl announced it had commissioned Claro and Embratel,both subsidiaries of Amrica Movi

81、l,to build a private 5G network at its factory in So Paulo.Ericsson will supply network equipment.Nestl cited the ability to connect a larger number of devices to the same network as a key reason for opting for private 5G.Chile Nokia revealed in March 2022 that it had won a contract to provide an in

82、dustrial-grade private 5G network in one of the four copper mines run by Antofagasta Minerals in Chile.The network will provide high-capacity,low-latency connectivity for sensors and vehicles,including a fleet of autonomous trucks.In October 2022,Entel and Ericsson announced a partnership to acceler

83、ate the digital transformation of businesses in Chile.As part of this,Entel Chile will integrate Ericssons Private 5G solution within its enterprise offering.Mexico In August 2022,AT&T and Nokia announced they will deploy a private LTE network at APM Terminals port in Yucatn,Mexico.APM Terminals sai

84、d the installation will support future applications,including remote and autonomous crane operations at the piers and yards.Private 5G can build on existing LTE networks,which often use 5G-compatible equipment.The Mobile Economy Latin America 2022Key trends shaping the digital landscape 202.2 The te

85、lco of the future:operators shift to renewable energySustainability in telco operations is expanding across Latin America,with operators at the forefront of green transformation and the transition to cleaner energy sources.This is with a view to meeting government commitments to climate action and s

86、ecuring access to sustainable energy sources at a time of increasing uncertainty around international energy costs.Operators in Latin America have committed to ambitious net-zero targets,taking steps to reduce carbon emissions within their operations and across their supply chains.According to the G

87、SMA Intelligence Network Transformation Survey 2022,most operators(90%)in Latin America see sustainability as a very or extremely important network transformation priority.This was 10 percentage points higher than supply chain diversity(introducing new vendors),in second place.With supply chain dive

88、rsity and automation of business functions and network operations both towards the top of network transformation priorities in Latin America,efficiency and cost reduction are clearly high on the agenda for operators.Figure 13Sustainability leads the agenda in Latin AmericaHow important are the follo

89、wing priorities as a part of your network transformation strategy?(Percentage of respondents,Latin America)Source:GSMA Intelligence Operators in Focus:Network Transformation Survey 2022Sustainability/energy efficiencyEnd-user security(e.g.devices,services)Network security Competition from public clo

90、ud providersSupply chain diversity(introducing new vendors)Use of cloud and IT technologies in networkAutomation of business functions and network operations Use of open networking technologies(incl.open RAN)Re-skilling/upskilling of staffRegulatory compliance70%30%30%20%30%30%50%20%20%10%20%50%40%4

91、0%40%30%20%20%40%30%10%20%10%20%40%10%20%40%20%10%50%10%30%10%20%40%Extremely important Very important Moderately important Slightly important Not at all importantThe Mobile Economy Latin America 2022Key trends shaping the digital landscape 21Operator efforts to transition to renewable energy source

92、s in Latin America America Movil(Claro)Claro Colombia upgraded 62 of its cell sites to solar power through photovoltaic panels.The initiative is expected to lead to a reduction of about 3,109t of CO2 per year.In Brazil,55%of Claros cell sites already use renewable energy,with 38%from solar.In severa

93、l states,over 90%of cell sites are solar-powered.In 2021,Claro Brazil started using a distributed generation biogas plant capable of generating 4.65 MWh.The plant was built and operated by RZK Energia and generates power from landfill waste.In its 2021 sustainability report,America Movil said that i

94、ts global energy consumption was 6.4 million MWh,of which 21%was from renewable energy.The group also claimed that,during 2021,46%of its subsidiaries had formed PPAs with power providers.Tigo(Millicom)Tigo(Millicom)has made progress signing PPAs for renewable energy in Panama and has carried out a s

95、uccessful pilot in Honduras to deploy solar and smart power management systems under an energy-as-a-service(EaaS)model.In its 2021 sustainability report,the operator said it expected to roll out three more EaaS operations in more than 2,700 sites over the next five years.The sustainability theme als

96、o links to customer and shareholder interest in operators being good stewards of the environment and the expectation of savings from great energy efficiency.As a result,all the major operators in Latin America have now set ambitious green transformation plans.In practice,this involves energy efficie

97、ncy in network operations and increasing the share of renewable energy in the energy mix.The use of renewable energy sources is a quick and effective way to reduce environmental footprints while not requiring heavy investments.Countries in Latin America are particularly well positioned for the use o

98、f renewable energy,particularly solar,given the high sunshine duration ratio and the potential to serve cell sites in off-grid and hard-to-reach locations.This can be achieved through solar panels within cell sites or by building large,centralised solar farms.Biomass,bioethanol and renewable electri

99、city are widely available in some countries in Latin America.Bioenergy production in Brazil reached around 58.7 terawatt hours in 2020,up by more than 80%compared to 2011,when production amounted to approximately 32.6 terawatt hours.6 The contribution of biofuels to Brazils energy matrix is expected

100、 to reach 18%by 2030.7Operators in Latin America are also part of a growing global trend among operators to develop power purchase agreements(PPAs)with local energy suppliers.PPAs,whereby an operator(or company from any industry)invests capital with a renewable energy provider to fund capacity at a

101、specific generation facility,such as a solar or wind farm,will represent a vital part of efforts to reduce carbon emissions.6.Renewable Energy Statistics 2022,IRENA 2022 7.“Biofuels to reach 18%of Brazils energy matrix”,gov.br,January 2022The Mobile Economy Latin America 2022Key trends shaping the d

102、igital landscape 22AT&T AT&T is a leader in the drive to reduce carbon emissions and has been recognised for its efforts by the Latin American Energy Organization(OLADE).In 2019,AT&T began using lithium batteries in most power cabinets for its infrastructure,reducing energy consumption at sites and

103、optimising maintenance costs.In 2021,the operator began research into green energy,aiming to reduce fuel consumption at its cell sites by more than 50%.AT&T plans to deploy more green energy solutions in 2023 across its mobile switching offices and cell sites.It expects these initiatives to help ach

104、ieve carbon neutrality in the near future.Telefonica Telefonica Brasil(Vivo)launched two new solar plants in September 2022 under the distributed generation model in the cities of Itabaiana and Lagarto,Sergipe state,in partnership with Grupo Gera.Under the distributed generation model,the energy pro

105、duced by the plant is put into the network of the local utility,in this case Energisa Sergipe,and transformed into credit for use by the consuming company.In April 2022,Vivo started operations at its first photovoltaic park in Brazils north region,in Roraima state.Voltxs Energia was responsible for

106、the solar park built in state capital Boa Vista.Vivo plans to have 85 distributed generation plants operating in Brazil,mostly solar,supplying around 90%of its low-voltage power demand.Of this total,33 facilities are currently in operation.Some 13 plants are planned for the northeast,seven of which

107、are already in operation.When all are up and running,the operators domestic plants are projected to generate a combined 711 GWh per year,serving 30,000 Telefonica consumption units.Vivos goal is to reduce emissions in the value chain by 39%by 2025 and achieve net-zero emissions by 2040.Movistar Vene

108、zuela plans to supply six local telecoms stations with renewable energy through the use of solar panels.The first of such stations are already up and running in Los Valles del Tuy,Miranda state.Movistar Colombia has had a PPA with Sun Colombia since 2020.The aim is to buy renewable energy from the s

109、olar generation system at the Celta plant in the capital,Bogota.TIM Telecom Italia Brazil has launched the SkyCoverage project,planning to cover 100%of Bahias municipalities with 4G by the end of 2022.The initiative utilises solar panels to connect cell towers and antennas.So far,cell sites have bee

110、n installed and activated in 97 rural locations and another 52 sites in urban areas,in a total of 149 municipalities.TIM has also implemented its first wind-powered antenna at a site in the coastal resort of Pipa,in the city of Tibau do Sul,state of Rio Grande do Norte.The solution is installed in t

111、he same mast as where telecoms equipment is installed and is designed to blend into the landscape and urban surroundings.TIM expects to have 77 plants for its own energy consumption,generating 38.2 GWh per month enough to supply 19,000 cell sites by the end of 2022.TIM has revealed that 83%of its po

112、wer consumption came from renewable sources as of the end of 2021.It aims to reach more than 90%by the end of 2022,by which time it expects to have 7785 renewable energy plants.The Mobile Economy Latin America 2022Key trends shaping the digital landscape 232.3 The metaverse takes root in Latin Ameri

113、caThe Covid-19 pandemic has spurred new ways of working and living,accelerating the shift to digitalisation,including virtual experiences.Unsurprisingly then,the concept of the metaverse,a parallel virtual world populated with avatars,has gained significant attention.In essence,the metaverse allows

114、individuals to consume media content,purchase items,generate tokens or participate in recreational activities without the geographical restrictions,safety concerns and other physical limitations associated with real-life experiences.The metaverse(which continues to lack a universally agreed definiti

115、on)is still nascent.However,the significant levels of investment in metaverse initiatives and market-size estimates reflect the opportunities possible from the rapid advancement of the metaverse over the coming years.In the first five months of 2022,over$120 billion was invested in building out meta

116、verse technology and infrastructure more than double the$57 billion invested during the whole of 2021.8The metaverse ecosystem is growing around the world,including in Latin America.Indeed,the region presents significant growth prospects for the metaverse,given its young,tech-savvy population and th

117、riving tech startup ecosystem.This is beginning to attract the attention of global metaverse ecosystem players.For example,the decentralised game world The Sandbox has acquired Uruguayan technology firm Cualit to increase its Web3 and blockchain innovation and development capabilities.Meta is collab

118、orating with the Organization of American States(OAS)to bring free,augmented reality(AR)online courses to Latin America and the Caribbean.Meta will train more than 10,000 creators through free online AR courses over the next three years,as part of a$50 million XR Programs and Research Fund to build

119、the metaverse responsibly.Brazil and Mexico also feature in the top 10 most active countries in Spark AR Studio,the augmented reality software used by Facebook apps and devices that allows users to deepen their knowledge on the metaverse.8.“Meet the metaverse:Creating real value in a virtual world”,

120、McKinsey&Company,June 2022The Mobile Economy Latin America 2022Key trends shaping the digital landscape 24A growing number of local ecosystem players,including government agencies,have announced activities across the metaverse value chain.Examples include the following:Brazilian investment platforms

121、 XP and Rico have launched an investment fund focused on companies that work with the metaverse,with investments starting at BRL100($19).The fund,called Trend Metaverse,is aimed at the general public and is similar to a Bloomberg index,the Bloomberg Metaverse,which includes stocks from tech companie

122、s such as Apple,Microsoft,Meta,Disney,Warner Music and Discovery.Streamline,a global video game and metaverse development company,has opened is first Latin America office in Bogota,Colombia.The company plans to play a key role in advancing gaming technologies,Web3 and the metaverse across Latin Amer

123、ica.Chilean start-up Metaverso Limitada has created Minverso to connect the mining industry to the metaverse,increasing the productivity and safety of workers.The platform features themed showrooms,in which participants can observe mining sites,check machinery,simulate explosions in deposits,and car

124、ry out equipment repairs,while working from their offices or remotely.The metaverse can be applied across a range of use cases in Latin America,notably work,retail,gaming,education,healthcare and advertising.It could provide a platform to deliver unique virtual experiences,overcoming the physical li

125、mitations of many services in the region.That said,the underdevelopment of the metaverse ecosystem in the region especially with respect to device availability and affordability,content and services,and access to high-speed connectivity could limit uptake over the short term.Mobile operators will pl

126、ay a central role in the development of the metaverse in Latin America.Mobile networks,particularly 5G,will primarily provide the required connectivity for the metaverse.Beyond connectivity,operators can also participate in other parts of the value chain,as has been demonstrated in other regions.For

127、 example,SK Telecom launched the Ifland platform for users to make digital interactions in a virtual environment,and AT&T has partnered with Quintar,a sports entertainment AR business,to create and deliver in-game AR experiences to sports fans in stadia.These examples highlight the opportunity for o

128、perators to capture additional value elsewhere in the value chain,particularly in developing platforms,content and services in the metaverse.Leveraging new and existing relationships to create partnerships within the telecoms industry and beyond will be necessary to capitalise on the potential of th

129、e metaverse.Leveraging new and existing relationships to create partnerships within the telecoms industry and beyond will be necessary to capitalise on the potential of the metaverse.The Mobile Economy Latin America 2022Key trends shaping the digital landscape 252.4 Digital disruption sparks investm

130、ents in tech start-upsThe Covid-19 pandemic highlighted the huge opportunity for digital technology to disrupt legacy business processes in many sectors notably,retail and entertainment.This,in turn,is driving investments in the tech start-up ecosystem in countries across Latin America.Entrepreneurs

131、 are creating innovative solutions to address pressing needs in society,against the backdrop of the pandemics long-term impact on how people socialise and how businesses operate.In 2021,Latin Americas start-ups raised a record$19.5 billion in funding more than three times the amount raised in 2019.9

132、 This resulted in 18 start-ups in the region achieving unicorn status(start-ups with a market value of$1 billion before going public).Fintech remains a big driver,but several other sectors,including education and e-commerce,are seeing a growing share of investments in the region.Figure 14 highlights

133、 the 18 start-ups in Latin America that achieved unicorn status in 2021.Figure 14Latin America start-ups that achieved unicorn status in 2021CountryCompanyDescriptionAmount raisedSelected investorsBrazilMadeiraMadeiraMarketplace for furniture and home goodsSeries E$190 millionDynamo Ventures,SoftBan

134、k,Brasil CapitalBrazilHotmartDigital learning platformSeries C$132 millionTCV,Alkeon CapitalMexicoBitsoFintech platform for cryptocurrency transactionsSeries C$250 millionCoatue,Tiger Global Management,Valor CapitalMexicoClipDigital payment and commerce platformSeries D$250 millionViking Global Inve

135、stors,SoftBankBrazilMercado BitcoinDigital assets platformSeries B$200 millionSoftBank,Endeavor,Pipo Capital,Tribe CapitalArgentinaMuralPlatform that supports enterprise teamwork with guided visual collaborationSeries C$50 millionTiger Global Management,Insight Partners,Gradient VenturesChileNotCoFo

136、odtech firm that makes plant-based alternatives to animal-based food productsSeries D$235 millionTiger Global Management,Endeavor,Bezos ExpeditionsArgentinaUalProvides an app and other tools for managing personal financesSeries D$350 millionTencent,SoftBank,Goldman Sachs,Ribbit Capital,EndeavorArgen

137、tina,BrazilNuvemshopE-commerce platform with a range of financial and logistics solutions Series E$500 millionTiger Global Management,Insight Partners,Qualcomm Ventures,Kaszek Ventures,Alkeon Capital9.“Heres Whats Driving Latin Americas Rank As The Worlds Fastest-Growing Region For Venture Funding”,

138、Crunchbase,January 2022The Mobile Economy Latin America 2022Key trends shaping the digital landscape 262022 saw to a slow start,with lower transaction values and volumes in the first nine months of the year compared to 2021.This market correction can be attributed to a number of factors,not least th

139、e downbeat economic outlook globally on the back of the conflict in Ukraine.However,the fundamentals of the start-up ecosystem in Latin America and the growth outlook for digital services in the region remain strong,including rising internet adoption,changing consumer behaviours,and increasingly dig

140、itally literate populations.These factors will ultimately sustain innovation and investment in the long term.Source:LABS,GSMA Intelligence CountryCompanyDescriptionAmount raisedSelected investorsBrazilUnicoPlatform that develops digital identity protection solutionsSeries C$120 millionSoftBank,Gener

141、al Atlantic,Big BetsMexicoKonfoFintech firm for small and medium-sized businessesSeries E$110 millionQED Investors,Tarsadia Investments,Kaszek VenturesBrazilCloudWalkPayments fintech firm Series C$150 millionCoatue,DST Global,A-Star,The Hive BrazilBrazilOlistE-commerce platform targeting 100,000 mer

142、chants by the end of 2022Series E$178 millionWellington Management,Globo Ventures,Goldman Sachs,SoftBankBrazil,MexicoMeramaRetail brand with an emphasis on e-commerceSeries B$60 millionAdvent International,SoftBankMexicoIncodeAI-based platform for identity verification and authenticationSeries B$220

143、 millionGeneral Atlantic,SoftBank,JP Morgan,Capital One VenturesMexicoClaraCorporate spend-management fintech firmSeries B$70 millionCoatue,Global Founders Capital,Alter Global,Avid VenturesBrazil,USDaki(JOKR)Instant groceries delivery solution providerSeries B$260 millionActivant Capital,Balderton,

144、Greycroft,G-Squared,Tiger GlobalBrazilFacilySocial commerce startup that allows people to buy products in groupsSeries D$135 millionGoodwater,Prosus,Rise Capital,Emerging Variant,Tru ArrowThe Mobile Economy Latin America 2022Key trends shaping the digital landscape 2703Mobile contributing to economi

145、c growth and social progressThe Mobile Economy Latin America 2022Mobile contributing to economic growth and social progress283.1 Mobiles contribution to economic growthFigure 15The Latin America mobile ecosystem directly generated around$55 billion of economic value in 2021,with mobile operators acc

146、ounting for the vast majorityBillion,percentage of GDP(2021)*Rest of mobile ecosystem includes infrastructure providers;device manufacturers;distributors and retailers;and content,apps and service providers.Source:GSMA IntelligenceIn 2021,mobile technologies and services generated 7.4%of GDP in Lati

147、n America a contribution that amounted to more than$345 billion of economic value added.The mobile ecosystem also supported more than 1.6 million jobs(directly and indirectly)and made a substantial contribution to the funding of the public sector,with almost$30 billion raised through taxes on the se

148、ctor.By 2025,mobiles contribution will grow by around$20 billion,as countries in the region increasingly benefit from the improvements in productivity and efficiency brought about by the increased take-up of mobile services.$15$40Mobile operatorsRest of mobile ecosystem*0.3%0.9%Figure 16Additional i

149、ndirect and productivity benefits bring the total contribution of the mobile industry to the economy in Latin America to more than$345 billion in 2021Billion,percentage of GDP(2021)*Rest of mobile ecosystem includes infrastructure providers;device manufacturers;distributors and retailers;and content

150、,apps and service providers.Source:GSMA IntelligenceMobile operatorsIndirectRest of mobile ecosystem*ProductivityTotal$40$15$20$270$345MOBILE ECOSYSTEM0.9%0.3%0.3%5.9%7.4%The Mobile Economy Latin America 2022Mobile contributing to economic growth and social progress29Figure 17The mobile ecosystem in

151、 Latin America directly employs around 650,000 people and supports almost 1 million jobs indirectly Jobs(thousands),2021*Rest of mobile ecosystem includes infrastructure providers;device manufacturers;and content,apps and service providers.Note:totals may not add up due to rounding Source:GSMA Intel

152、ligence2502401606509701,630Mobile operatorsDistributors and retailers(formal and informal)Rest of mobile ecosystem*DirectIndirectTotalFigure 18In 2021,the mobile ecosystem in Latin America contributed almost$30 billion to the funding of the public sector through consumer and operator taxesBillionSou

153、rce:GSMA IntelligenceServices VAT,sales taxes and excise dutiesCorporate and employment taxesTotal$20$10$30The Mobile Economy Latin America 2022Mobile contributing to economic growth and social progress30Figure 19Driven mostly by continued expansion of the mobile ecosystem as well as productivity ga

154、ins,the Latin America economic contribution of mobile will increase by around$20 billionBillionSource:GSMA Intelligence Indirect Productivity Direct Total contribution20222025202420232021$65$20$275$65$20$280$60$20$275$60$20$275$345$365$55$20$270The Mobile Economy Latin America 2022Mobile contributin

155、g to economic growth and social progress313.2 Mobile enhancing digital inclusionOperator investments in network infrastructure have helped reduce the coverage gap10 for mobile broadband networks in Latin America from 90 million people in 2014 to 20 million people in 2021.With just 4%of the regions p

156、opulation living outside of areas covered by mobile broadband networks,the focus is now increasingly on how the mobile industry and its partners can close the usage gap.11 This stands at 230 million,down from 260 million people in 2014.Figure 20Latin America continues to make steady progress on clos

157、ing the usage gapPercentage of populationSource:GSMA Intelligence Usage gap Coverage gap Connected10.The coverage gap refers to those living outside of areas covered by mobile broadband networks.11.The usage gap refers to those who live in areas covered by mobile broadband networks but remain unconn

158、ected.12.Cheapest plan available(at the time of collecting data)to purchase at least 5 GB of data per month.Further details on how pricing data is gathered can be found in the GSMA Mobile Connectivity Index Methodology.2014201620182020201520172019202150%53%57%42%55%60%40%47%43%42%46%44%16%13%10%7%6%

159、5%4%4%39%36%41%40%The reasons for the usage gap are multifaceted and vary by country,but they generally relate to the following:Affordability The affordability of handsets is the most cited barrier among mobile users who are aware of mobile internet.Mobile operators are trying to rectify this by off

160、ering device financing plans and more affordable devices.The mobile industry is also committed to improving the affordability of mobile data.This is particularly important as the continued growth in data consumption means consumers may want(and need)bigger data allowances.In 2021,the cost of a 5 GB

161、data bundle in Latin America was below 3%of monthly income,down from 4%in 2019,enabling users to access more content.12The Mobile Economy Latin America 2022Mobile contributing to economic growth and social progress32Figure 21The usage gap is above 50%in some Latin American countriesCountries with th

162、e highest proportion of non-users of mobile internet in Latin America (percentage of population)Source:GSMA Intelligence Usage gap Coverage gap Connected13.State of Mobile Internet Connectivity 2022,GSMA,2022ParaguayVenezuelaBoliviaHondurasEcuadorNicaraguaEl SalvadorGuatemala1%8%11%5%10%5%5%5%50%39%

163、42%45%48%45%56%38%47%45%57%47%53%50%45%43%Safety and security In Mexico and Guatemala,more than 70%of mobile owners not using mobile internet reported safety and security concerns as an important barrier,with 38%in Mexico reporting it as the top barrier.13 Mobile operators are educating adults and c

164、hildren on the risks associated with spending time online.For example,in late 2021,AT&T Mexico and the Federal Education Authority in Mexico City(AEFCM)launched a digital citizenship programme that is now part of the 2021/2022 school curriculum for students in Mexico City.Knowledge and digital skill

165、s Some people lack awareness and understanding of mobile internet and its benefits,or have low levels of literacy and digital skills.In response,operators can promote digital skills and educational initiatives.For example,Tigo Paraguays Connecting Communities project has built local hubs in Paraguay

166、 to educate students,parents and teachers on digital literacy and tools,while also providing training on more advanced skills such as computer programming.Relevance The availability of online content and services that are accessible and relevant to the local population is a key enabler of mobile int

167、ernet adoption and usage.Without it,people will not have a compelling reason to invest the time and financial resources needed to access the internet.This tends to be less of a barrier in Latin America than in other regions,as the vast majority of people in the region can speak and read in a languag

168、e that is widely catered for online(e.g.Spanish or Portuguese).The Mobile Economy Latin America 2022Mobile contributing to economic growth and social progress33Figure 22Mobiles impact on the Sustainable Development Goals in Latin America3.3 The mobile industrys impact on the SDGsSix years ago,the mo

169、bile industry became the first industry to commit to the 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).Each year since,the GSMA has measured the impact of the mobile industry across all SDGs.The most recent analysis shows that the mobile industry increased its impact on all SDGs,with the average year-on

170、-year increase accelerating compared to 2020.14 Figure 22 provides examples of the contribution from operators in Latin America to key SDGs.Mobile technology contributes to SDG 4 by allowing students,teachers and employees to learn/teach from any location and on the move.Operator example In partners

171、hip with the Carlos Slim Foundation,America Mvil offers Aprende.org,an open and accessible free-of-charge platform that brings together content on training,employment,education,culture and health.The operator offers free browsing on the platform in Mexico,Panama and the Dominican Republic.Mobile con

172、tributes to SDG 5 by increasing womens access to and use of mobile technology to enhance their lives,and growing womens participation and leadership in the technology industry.Operator example During 2021,Tigo El Salvador provided digital skills training to over 8,400 women,including approximately 4

173、00 Salvadoran women from the Tigo value chain(Tigo Money agents and owners of points of sale/activation)who also received entrepreneurship training.Mobile technology contributes to SDG 9 significantly,as a provider of critical infrastructure and as a catalyst for other sectors.Operator example Entel

174、 is working with Internet for All in Peru to bridge the digital divide.Since 2019,it has delivered 4G mobile internet to more than 7,000 rural communities,benefiting 1 million people.In addition,more than a third of Entels 6,456 network points of presence in Chile are located in rural or isolated ar

175、eas,helping to reduce the digital divide.Highest SDG scores14.2022 Mobile Industry Impact Report:Sustainable Development Goals,GSMA,2022The Mobile Economy Latin America 2022Mobile contributing to economic growth and social progress34Mobile technology contributes to SDG 4 by allowing students,teacher

176、s and employees to learn/teach from any location and on the move.Operator example In February 2022,Telefonica made an agreement with Brazilian company Anima Educao to create a joint subsidiary that will operate a digital education platform.It will focus on areas such as technology,business managemen

177、t and tourism to improve the employability of students.Mobile technology contributes to SDG 3 by helping to optimise healthcare service delivery,providing health workers with enhanced skills and supporting the infrastructure needed for health information systems and early detection of diseases.Opera

178、tor example America Movil estimates that 46 million of its customers in Latin America use mobile to monitor and improve their health.This is often done through wearable devices an area the operator is focussing more on as part of its IoT offering.America Movil reported a 30%increase in M2M connectio

179、ns in 2021.Mobile technology contributes to SDG 2 through improvements to agricultural practices,nutritional knowledge and household food security.Operator example TIM Brasil is a member of the ConectarAGRO association and actively supports the agricultural sector in the country.In 2021,the operator

180、 reached more than 6.2 million hectares of 4G coverage in rural areas and has a partnership with Agtech Garage,a start-up hub for agribusiness in Latin America,to develop 5G use cases for the agricultural sector.Source:GSMA Intelligence,operator sustainability reports Most improved SDG scoresThe Mob

181、ile Economy Latin America 2022Mobile contributing to economic growth and social progress3504Policies to accelerate Latin Americas digital futureThe Mobile Economy Latin America 2022Policies to accelerate Latin Americas digital future364.1 Universal access to connectivity Access to connectivity is es

182、sential for citizens to interact with each other.It enhances their employment and educational opportunities and can speed up administrative processes,improving the quality of life for all across Latin America and around the world.The last few years have reminded everyone of the importance of digital

183、 inclusion,particularly for vulnerable groups.To maximise the benefits of a connected society,it is fundamental that the public and private sectors work together to expand access to mobile connectivity and develop digital skills,while ensuring the sustainability of the industry and protecting users

184、privacy and security.However,challenges related to legislation updates continue to delay the potential development and expansion of the benefits offered by connectivity.A comprehensive analysis of the state of connectivity in each country should be the starting point for action.This should be based

185、on clear goals that seek to advance digital development and keep pace with the new(and sometimes disruptive)ways businesses and other organisations create value.Around 4%of the population in the Latin America region have no mobile coverage(the coverage gap),while 36%(some 230 million people)are not

186、using the mobile internet despite coverage being available(the usage gap).Policies should be promoted that enable more people to enjoy the benefits of mobile internet.Defining a strategy for the development of digital skills is fundamental.A taxation structure in tune with the objective of making ac

187、cess to connectivity universal for consumers and businesses should be able to balance short-term needs with the cumulative impact on long-term productivity.Cooperation between the Executive Branch,the presidential agenda and regulators will be more important than ever before.5G will have an impact o

188、n vertical sectors and industries,and will permeate other industries and verticals outside the remit of telecoms policymakers and regulators.Institutional review and discussions within the public sector will be the first step towards a consistent,cross-cutting policy.Growth in 5G connections will re

189、present a paradigm shift.It will expand the concept of connectivity to include a larger number of connected things,the automation of production processes,digitalisation,and a myriad of services and use cases yet to be realised.A major,radical change in policy frameworks will be necessary to expand 4

190、G and pave the way for this growth in 5G.To enable the right conditions for investment,it is vital to have in place a level playing field and clear regulatory framework over the long term.The Mobile Economy Latin America 2022Policies to accelerate Latin Americas digital future37Six policy recommenda

191、tions to enable connectivity for all in Latin America1.Assess existing policies and regulations related to the traditional telecoms market and the internet value chain as a whole.2.Understand the following gaps and take action:The usage gap:To tackle the usage gap,steps should be taken to boost digi

192、tal literacy among the population,promote locally relevant content,and provide affordable access by avoiding heavy tax burdens.The coverage gap:While accounting for a small percentage of the population,there are still people who have no coverage.For challenging geographical areas where network deplo

193、yment is particularly costly,alternative mechanisms can offer expansion opportunities while accepting the markets natural limitations.3.Remove regulatory barriers that hamper universal access to connectivity,and define long-term public policy with clear goals and the support of the private sector(th

194、rough the exchange of experiences and technical expertise).4.Engage in public consultations and open dialogue to share knowledge with the private and international sectors,with the aim of improving understanding of international best practices.5.Provide structure and autonomy to regulators so they c

195、an have the flexibility to revise regulations with ex-post principles to correct market failures.Establish national digital agendas that present a long-term vision.6.Define regulatory frameworks through the concept of collaborative regulation.The Mobile Economy Latin America 2022Policies to accelera

196、te Latin Americas digital future384.2 Spectrum management and pricing Across a series of studies conducted by the GSMA on Latin America,a consistent theme is that high spectrum prices can have a negative impact on digital inclusion.The high cost of spectrum in the region is preventing millions of pe

197、ople from gaining access to mobile broadband services or experiencing high-quality networks.High prices are not always being determined by supply and demand;some governments have prioritised tax revenue generation goals,with clear consequences for the industry and users:High spectrum prices and a re

198、latively small amount of spectrum assigned to mobile services can lead to more challenging investment conditions.A negative environment for 4G network investment has a negative impact on consumers.High spectrum prices undermine ability and incentive to invest in new technology generations.The succes

199、s of 5G therefore largely depends on spectrum pricing decisions.Adopting an adequate spectrum pricing policy has never been more important.Additional spectrum is fundamental to expanding and improving mobile broadband services.Unlocking the potential of 5G services depends on operators having access

200、 to such resources.Along with a spectrum pricing policy aligned with the objective of universal access to connectivity,a series of best practices for spectrum resource management and administration is crucial:Governments should prioritise the improvement of mobile broadband services rather than maxi

201、mising their revenue when allocating spectrum.It is important to avoid artificial spectrum scarcity,to publish long-term roadmaps and to carry out open consultations with industry stakeholders.Regulations that unnecessarily increase risks for operators and jeopardise current and future services shou

202、ld be avoided.Industry stakeholders should be consulted on licensing terms and conditions,with their inputs taken into account when setting prices.Auctions must be well designed and implemented to become an efficient allocation mechanism.Radio spectrum pricing decisions must be aligned with the publ

203、ic policy objectives pursued.Additional spectrum is fundamental to expanding and improving mobile broadband services.The Mobile Economy Latin America 2022Policies to accelerate Latin Americas digital future39Figure 23The impact of spectrum pricingEcuadorIf the cost of spectrum was in line with the a

204、verage price in Latin AmericaEcuador would have reached 80%4G coverage one year earlier.Download speeds would have been 40%faster as of 2020.Source:Effective spectrum pricing in Ecuador,GSMA Intelligence,2021MexicoIf the cost of spectrum was in line with the global average costAn additional 5 millio

205、n people would have had 4G coverage as of Q2 2021.Download speeds would have been 30%faster as of May 2022.Source:El impacto de los precios del espectro en Mxico,GSMA Intelligence,2022ColombiaIf the cost of spectrum was in line with the average cost in Latin America4G coverage would have been 76%rat

206、her than 71%as of the end of 2019,connecting an additional 2 million users.Download speeds would have been 40%faster as of the end of 2019.Source:Effective spectrum pricing in Colombia,GSMA Intelligence,2021The Mobile Economy Latin America 2022Policies to accelerate Latin Americas digital For more information,please visit the GSMA website at