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1、 GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agriculture GIEWS Country Brief Brazil Reference Date:18-March-2022 HIGHLIGHTS Planting of 2022 main maize crop ongoing under mixed weather conditions Exports of maize estimated well below-average levels in 2021/22 marketing year Prices

2、of maize above year-earlier levels in February 2022 Planting of 2022 main maize crop ongoing under mixed weather conditions Planting of the 2022/23 main season maize crop is ongoing.The progress of sowing was slowed by above-average precipitation amounts in February in the key producing centralweste

3、rn region(Mato Grosso and Gois states),while below-average rains resulted in significant soil moisture deficits in the southern region(Mato Grosso do Sul and Paran states).This provided consequent water stress(orange/red areas in ASI map)on seed germination.The area sown with the main crop is offici

4、ally forecast at a record level,supported by high prices and strong domestic and foreign demand.Reflecting the expected all-time high plantings,the main season maize output is officially forecast at a record level of 86 million tonnes.This represents a sharp rebound from the 2021/22 main season,when

5、 crops were negatively affected by dry weather conditions.Harvesting of the 2022/23 minor season maize crop is ongoing and production is expected at a below-average level of 24.4 million tonnes.Prolonged dry weather conditions in the major producing southern areas during the October 2021-February 20

6、22 period reduced sowings and affected yields.Similarly,the 2022/23 paddy crop is being harvested and production is officially forecast at 10.6 million tonnes,nearly 10 percent below the previous five-year average.The reduced precipitation in the key producing southern region lowered irrigation wate

7、r availability,resulting in below-average sowings.Exports of maize estimated at well below-average levels in 2021/22 marketing year Exports of maize,the countrys major exportable cereal,are estimated at 21 million tonnes in the 2021/22 marketing year GIEWS global information and early warning system

8、 on food and agriculture (March/February),30 percent below the previous five-year average.The decline is mainly due to the below-average dryness,which affected maize production in 2021.Exports of rice in 2021(January/December)are also estimated to be below average,reflecting weak international deman

9、d.In 2022,despite an expected reduction in exportable surplus,exports of rice are officially forecast to increase to average level of 950 000 tonnes.Prices of maize above year-earlier levels in February 2022 Wholesale prices of yellow maize rose between January and February 2022,as downward pressure

10、 from the ongoing minor harvest was more than offset by concerns over the impact of unfavourable weather conditions on yields.As of February,prices were more than 25 percent higher year on year in the key producing state of Mato Grosso,reflecting tight domestic supplies from the below-average 2021 m

11、aize harvest.Prices of wheat have generally strengthened,supported by large external sales between October 2021 and January 2022 due to the bumper production in 2021.Prices of rice have been decreasing since April 2021 as markets have been adequately supplied due to a reduction in exports and a slig

12、htly above-average output harvested in 2021.Prices continued to decline in February with the start of the harvest.In February 2022,prices of rice were 20 percent below their year-earlier levels,when strong demand and high international quotations kept domestic prices elevated.Disclaimer:The designat

13、ions employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO concerning the legal status of any country,territory,city or area or of its authorities,or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.GI

14、EWS global information and early warning system on food and agriculture GIEWS Country Brief Brazil Reference Date:19-July-2021 HIGHLIGHTS Initial forecast for 2021 maize production lowered due to dry weather conditions Exports of maize forecast below average in 2021/22 marketing year Prices of cerea

15、ls higher year on year in June 2021 Social assistance programmes extended in 2021 to support vulnerable households Initial forecast for 2021 maize production lowered due to dry weather conditions Harvesting of the 2021 main season maize crop is ongoing.Yields are expected at below-average levels(VHI

16、 map)as reduced precipitation amounts from March to May and a cold spell in June adversely affected crops.The reduced yields lowered the initial production forecast that was pointing to a record output due to an all-time high planted area,prompted by high prices of the grain.The 2021 aggregate maize

17、 production,including a below-average minor season output that was harvested in the March-May period,is officially anticipated at 93 million tonnes,about 5 percent higher the five-year average.The 2021 wheat crop is currently at emergence and tillering stages and vegetation conditions are favourable

18、 especially in the main producing states of Paran and Rio Grande do Sul in the southern region.According to official estimates,the planted area was more than 20 percent higher than the five-year average.Steadily increasing prices since 2020 have instigated an expansion in plantings for the second co

19、nsecutive year,reversing the declining trend during the previous five years.Below-average rainfall amounts are forecast in the August-October period,which could potentially have negative effects on crop yields.Harvesting of the 2021 paddy crop was been completed in June and production is officially

20、estimated at slightly an above-average level of 11.7 million tonnes.This is mainly the result of above-average yields compensating for the low level of plantings,which have been steadily declining over the past 30 years as farmers have shifted to more remunerative maize and soybean crops.GIEWS globa

21、l information and early warning system on food and agriculture Exports of maize forecast below average in 2021/22 marketing year Exports of maize,the countrys major exportable cereal,are forecast at a below-average level of 27 million tonnes in the 2021/22 marketing year(March/February),more than 25

22、 percent below the high levels registered in the last two years.The expected decline in exports is mainly due to the reduced exportable surplus of maize in 2021.Exports of rice in 2021(January/December)are anticipated at a near-average level of 920 000 tonnes.Prices of cereals higher year on year in

23、 June 2021 Prices of rice decreased steadily between April and June 2021 following the commercialization of the recent harvest.The year-on-year lower exports during the first half of 2021 also boosted domestic supplies.Following increases during the February-May period,prices of maize started to sea

24、sonally decline in June.Similarly,favourable production prospects exerted downward pressure on prices of wheat grain.As of June 2021,prices of cereals were above their year-earlier levels due to the strong domestic and foreign demand(maize and rice)and the elevated import costs(wheat).Social assista

25、nce programmes extended in 2021 to support vulnerable households According to FAOs State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World(SOFI)2021,the prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity in the total population increased from 18.3 percent in 2014-2016 to 23.5 percent in 2018-2020.The worsen

26、ing of food security is mainly due to the economic downturn amid the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020,when the Gross domestic product(GDP)decreased by 5.3 percent.To mitigate the adverse impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on households,the government has extended the“Auxlio emergencial”programme,which deliver

27、s seven grants of an average BRL 250(about USD 45)from January to October 2021.This programme targets 40 million low income households who were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.While the traditional cash transfer programme“Bolsa Familia”continues to be in force,beneficiaries who are eligible for bo

28、th programmes would benefit from only one programme that provides a greater amount of grant.The“Bolsa Familia”delivers a monthly grant of an average BRL 190(about USD 35)to 14 million households.Disclaimer:The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not

29、imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO concerning the legal status of any country,territory,city or area or of its authorities,or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agriculture GIEWS Coun

30、try Brief Brazil Reference Date:31-March-2021 HIGHLIGHTS Maize production in 2021 officially forecast at record level Cereal output in 2020 estimated well above average Exports of cereals in 2021/22 marketing year anticipated to remain high Prices of cereals increased in early 2021,standing well abo

31、ve year-earlier levels Social assistance programmes extended in 2021 to support vulnerable households Maize production in 2021 officially forecast at record level Planting of the 2021(main)second season maize crop started in early February with some delay due to the slow harvest of soybeans,which pr

32、ecedes the main maize season.Although the planting window usually ends in early March,planting operations are still ongoing as remunerative prices have prompted farmers to expand sowings.Reflecting the expected increase of the planted area,production is officially forecast at a record level.However,

33、there are concerns regarding the impact on yields,as below-average rainfall amounts and high temperatures are forecast for the April-June period in the key producing southwestern region.Harvesting of the(minor)first season maize crop,which accounts for about 30 percent of the annual output,is ongoin

34、g.Production is expected at a below-average level due to reduced plantings,which have been decreasing in the last ten years in favour of soybeans.Yields are also anticipated at below-average levels,as unfavourable weather conditions between November 2020 and January 2021 in the southern producing ar

35、eas affected crops at seedling and flowering stages.The 2021 aggregate maize production is officially forecast at an all-time high of 108 million tonnes,exceeding by 5 percent the previous record level registered in 2020.Harvesting of the 2021 paddy crop is ongoing in key producing central and south

36、ern regions and production is officially forecast at 11 million tonnes,slightly below the five-year average.This is mainly the result of above-average yields compensating the low level of plantings,which have been steadily declining over the GIEWS global information and early warning system on food

37、and agriculture past 30 years as farmers have shifted to more remunerative maize and soybean crops.Cereal output in 2020 estimated well above average The 2020 aggregate cereal production is officially estimated at a bumper level of 123.7 million tonnes,with the maize harvest accounting for more than

38、 80 percent.The 2020 maize and wheat outputs are estimated at above-average levels reflecting increased plantings and high yields.Production of paddy crop is estimated at slightly a below-average level of 11.2 million tonnes,owing to the reduced planted area,partially offset by good yields.Exports o

39、f cereals in 2021/22 marketing year anticipated to remain high Exports of maize,the countrys major exportable cereal,are forecast at 35 million tonnes in the 2021/22 marketing year(March/February),about 20 percent above the five-year average.Exports of rice in 2021(January/December)are anticipated a

40、t 1 million tonnes,unchanged from the high levels recorded in 2020.The expected high volume of aggregate cereal exports reflects the strong demand by importing countries,as the weak local currency increased the competitiveness of domestic cereals in the international markets.The Brazilian Real depre

41、ciated since early 2018 and,as of February 2021,it lost about 25 percent of its value compared to the same month in 2020.Prices of cereals increased in early 2021,standing well above year-earlier levels In the first two months of 2021,prices of cereals increased and were higher year on year.Wholesal

42、e prices of yellow maize increased due to concerns on the slow progress of sowings of the main season crop.The low yields of the minor season crop,currently being harvested,exerted additional upward pressure.Similarly,prices of wheat and wheat flour strengthened in this period,reflecting reduced imp

43、orts between September 2020 and February 2021 compared to the same period a year before.Prices of rice also increase in the main producing state of Rio Grande do Sul,pressured by the strong export demand.Elsewhere,prices of rice declined following improved supplies from the ongoing harvest.Social as

44、sistance programmes extended in 2021 to support vulnerable households The Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean(ECLAC)of the United Nations estimates a negative Gross Domestic Product growth of 5.3 percent in 2020,reflecting the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the econo

45、my.The economic downturn is likely to have a negative impact on the access to food of the most vulnerable households.To mitigate the adverse impact,the Government has announced the extension of social assistance programmes in 2021,which were scaled up in 2020.Following the onset of the COVID-19 pand

46、emic in 2020,the cash transfer programme,Bolsa Familia,expanded the coverage,including an additional 1 million beneficiaries.This programme disburses a monthly grant of GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agriculture average BRL 190(about USD 35)to 14 million families.The A

47、uxlio emergencial programme,which targeted about 67.8 million people in 2020,will deliver a monthly grant of average BRL 250(about USD 45)to vulnerable households for a period of four months,starting in April 2021.Disclaimer:The designations employed and the presentation of material in this informat

48、ion product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO concerning the legal status of any country,territory,city or area or of its authorities,or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agr

49、iculture GIEWS Country Brief Brazil Reference Date:05-October-2020 HIGHLIGHTS Cereal production in 2020 forecast at record high due to large plantings of maize and wheat Exports of cereals in 2020/21 marketing year forecast at high levels Prices of cereals higher year on year due to strong demand an

50、d weak currency Social protection expanded for vulnerable households amid economic downturn Cereal production in 2020 forecast at record high due to large plantings of maize and wheat Harvesting of the 2020 main maize crop,which accounts for nearly 75 percent of the annual output,was completed in Au

51、gust.Production is officially estimated at well above-average level of 74.9 million tonnes due to the record planted area,driven by high domestic prices and strong export demand.Yields are also estimated to be above average despite dry weather conditions in the main producing states of Mato Grosso d

52、o Sul and Paran.Harvesting of the 2020 third season minor maize crop will start from October in northeastern areas.Production prospects are favourable reflecting good weather conditions that have boosted crop yields.The 2020 aggregate maize production,including the first season crop harvested in the

53、 second quarter of 2020,is anticipated at a record high of 102.1 million tonnes,nearly 20 percent above the previous five-year average.Harvesting of the 2020 wheat crop started recently and production is anticipated at a record level of 6.8 million tonnes,about 25 percent above the previous five-yea

54、r average.The anticipated bumper output mainly reflects a rebound of sowings from the low levels of the previous years,driven by remunerative prices.In the main producing southern areas,while favourable weather conditions supported early crop development,frost and heavy rainfall amounts in late Augu

55、st affected yields of crops at flowering and ripening stages.Harvesting of the mostly irrigated paddy crop was completed in May and production in 2020 is officially estimated at a slightly below-average level of 11.2 million tonnes.The low-level output mainly reflects record low sowings,which have b

56、een steadily declining over the past 30 years due to farmers shift to more remunerative maize and soybean crops.GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agriculture Exports of cereals in 2020/21 marketing year forecast at high levels Exports of maize,the countrys major exportabl

57、e cereal,are forecast at high levels of 34 million tonnes in the 2020/21 marketing year(March/February).The anticipated large volume of exports reflects the abundant supplies from the 2020 harvest and strong international demand supported by the weak local currency.Nevertheless,exports are expected

58、to be lower than the record levels in 2019/20 due to the increased demand by the domestic ethanol production industry.Exports of rice in 2020(January/December)are anticipated at an above-average level of 1 million tonnes,supported by high demand on the international markets.Prices of cereals higher

59、year on year due to strong demand and weak currency Wholesale prices of yellow maize increased in July and August,in spite of the ongoing main season bumper harvest.The increase is mainly driven by the strong demand by the feed sector as well as for exports,supported by the weak national currency.Pr

60、ices of rice levelled off in August after the sustained increases in the previous months and were 40 percent higher year on year,underpinned by strong demand.Prices of wheat are on the increase since late 2019 and strengthened further in August in line with seasonal trends.Prices remained well above

61、 their year-earlier values mainly due to the countrys weak currency,despite larger import quantities during the second quarter of 2020 compared to the same period last year.As of August,prices of all cereal crops were well above their year-earlier levels due to strong export demand that reflect the

62、sustained weakening of the local currency.The Brazilian Real started to depreciate in early 2018 and had lost more than 30 percent of its value as of early September 2020 over the past 12 months.In order to contain the price increases,the duty free wheat import quota for non-Mercosur countries in 20

63、20 was increased from 750 000 tonnes to 1.2 million tonnes and tariffs on imports of paddy and milled rice were suspended up to 400 000 tonnes until the end of 2020.Social protection expanded for vulnerable households Projections of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean(ECLAC)o

64、f the United Nations indicate that the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic containment measures are expected to result in a negative Gross Domestic Product growth,up to-9 percent in 2020.The anticipated economic downturn is likely to have a negative impact on the access to food of vulnerable h

65、ouseholds with high risk of income/job losses.To mitigate the negative impact,the Government is scaling up its social protection and assistance programmes.In April 2020,the Emergency Aid was launched and granted subsidies of BRL 600(about USD 155 and equivalent to approximately 60 percent of GIEWS g

66、lobal information and early warning system on food and agriculture the minimum wage)for three months to 54 million people,mainly informal and low-income workers and the unemployed.In May 2020,1 million beneficiaries were added to the existing Transfer programme,Bolsa Familia,which delivers on averag

67、e a monthly grant of BRL 145(about USD 37)per household.Disclaimer:The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO concerning the legal status of any country,territory,city or area or of i

68、ts authorities,or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agriculture GIEWS Country Brief Brazil Reference Date:01-June-2020 HIGHLIGHTS Maize production in 2020 anticipated at record level due to large plantings Maize e

69、xports in 2020/21 forecast at well above-average levels Prices of cereals higher year on year,driven by strong demand and weak currency Maize production in 2020 anticipated at record level due to large plantings Harvesting of the 2020 main season maize crop is underway and production is officially a

70、nticipated at 75.9 million tonnes,30 percent above the previous five-year average.The expected bumper output is due to a record-high planted area,mainly driven by high domestic prices and strong export demand.The large plantings more than offset a yearly decline in yields,affected by rainfall defici

71、ts in the main producing states of Mato Grosso do Sul and Paran.The 2020 aggregate maize production,including the minor season crop harvested recently,is forecast at a record level of 102.3 million tonnes,nearly 20 percent above the average.Harvesting of the 2020 paddy crop is nearing completion and

72、 production is officially estimated at 10.9 million tonnes,about 10 percent below the average,reflecting the reduced planted area.Paddy sowings have been steadily declining over the past 30 years due to farmers shift to more remunerative maize and soybean crops and they recorded the lowest level in

73、2020.Plating of the 2020 wheat crop is underway and the key producing southern areas are experiencing soil moisture deficits due to the below-average rainfall amounts since March.Plantings are officially forecast at a near-average level and slightly higher than the low levels of the past two years,o

74、n expectations of remunerative prices.However,if rainfall deficits continue in the June-September period,as predicted by weather forecasts,crop germination and development are likely to be affected.Maize exports in 2020/21 forecast at well above-average levels Exports of maize,the countrys major exp

75、ortable cereal,in the 2020/21 marketing year(March/February)are forecast at well above-average levels of 35 million tonnes.The anticipated high level of exports reflects large supplies from the 2020 harvest and increased competitiveness in the international markets due to a GIEWS global information

76、and early warning system on food and agriculture weak local currency.However,maize exports are expected to be lower than the record level in 2019 due to strong international competition caused by the declining prices of exports by the United States of America.Exports of rice in 2020(January/December

77、)are estimated at 870 000 tonnes,slightly above the five-year average.Prices of cereals higher year on year,driven by strong demand and weak currency Wholesale prices of yellow maize decreased from mid-April due to improved supplies from the ongoing 2020 main harvest.The temporarily subdued demand f

78、rom the ethanol industry amid the COVID-19 outbreak also exerted downward pressure on prices.However,they were on average 50 percent higher compared to May 2019,reflecting the strong demand by the domestic feed sector and for exports,supported by the weaker currency.Prices of rice sharply declined i

79、n May 2020,reflecting improved supplies from the 2020 paddy harvest and weakened domestic demand that had increased in March and April amid the COVID-19 pandemic.In May,prices of rice were about 8 percent higher year on year.Prices of wheat,which are on the increase since late 2019,increased further

80、 in May and were about 33 percent higher than a year earlier.The increase mainly reflects seasonal low availabilities and prices are expected to rise until the new harvest in August.COVID-19 and measures adopted by the Government As an effort to halt the spread of the COVID-19 outbreak,lockdown meas

81、ures were established in mid-March in a number of states and municipalities,including Rio de Janeiro,Rio Grande do Sul and Sao Paolo.All productive and commercial activities,including cross-border trade,along the food supply chain have been exempted from the measures.The Government cut the annual be

82、nchmark interest rate to an all-time low 3 percent to mitigate the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the domestic economy.The Ministry has guaranteed the continuous purchases of food from smallholder farmers to supply school canteens,where they remained operational.By contrast,where schoo

83、l meal programmes have been interrupted,monthly subsidies of BRL 55-60(about USD 10-11)are being granted to vulnerable households from April until the reopening of the schools.Disclaimer:The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expressio

84、n of any opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO concerning the legal status of any country,territory,city or area or of its authorities,or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agriculture GIEWS Country Brief Brazil Re

85、ference Date:04-February-2020 HIGHLIGHTS Favourable rains raised yield prospects for 2020 minor maize and paddy crops Record high cereal output in 2019,mainly due to bumper maize production Maize exports expected at record highs in 2019/20 marketing year Strong demand pushes prices of maize well abo

86、ve year-earlier values Favourable rains raised yield prospects for 2020 minor maize and paddy crops Planting of the 2020(minor)first maize crop,mostly sown in the South,Southeastern and Northeast states,was concluded at the end of 2019 and the harvest is expected to start in early February.Favourabl

87、e weather conditions since October 2019 supported plantings operations and early crop development,raising expectations of higher yields.The planted area of the first season maize crop is officially estimated at a below-above average level,as farmers shifted to more remunerative soybean crops.Regardi

88、ng the(main)second maize crop,planting operations,which normally take place from late January in the main producing states,are likely to be delayed due to a slow harvest of soybean,which precedes the second maize season.However,official forecasts set the area sown of the second season maize crop at

89、an above-average level,mainly driven by high domestic prices and strong export demand.Planting of the 2020 paddy crops,to be harvested from March,concluded in December in key producing Centre and Southern states,while it is still ongoing in North and Northeastern states.Planting operations have been

90、 favoured by adequate soil moisture levels.However,the planted area,which has been contracting since 2012,is estimated at a well-below average level.The declining trend is due to farmers shift to more remunerative maize and soybean crops.Record high cereal output in 2019,due to bumper maize producti

91、on The 2019 aggregate cereal production is estimated at a record high level of 119.2 million tonnes,about 17 percent above the previous five-year average.The 2019 maize production is officially estimated at a record level of 100 million tonnes,reflecting increased planted area and excellent yields.B

92、y contrast,the 2019 production of paddy and wheat is estimated at GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agriculture below-average levels of 10.4 and 5.2 million tonnes,respectively,due to a contraction in plantings and unfavourable weather conditions.Maize exports expected at

93、 record highs in 2019/20 marketing year Exports of maize,the countrys major exportable cereal,in the 2019/20 marketing year(March/February)are expected at 37 million tonnes,almost 50 percent above the previous five-year average,due to the record output in 2019.The weakening of the local currency,whi

94、ch lost around 10 percent of its value against the US dollar through 2019,contributed to strengthen the demand for Brazilian maize.By contrast,exports of rice in the 2019/20 marketing year(January/December)are estimated at 640 000 tonnes,more than 10 percent lower than the five-year average,reflecti

95、ng the below-average production in 2019.Strong demand pushes prices of maize well above year-earlier values Despite the 2019 record output,wholesale prices of yellow maize have increased steadily in nominal terms since August 2019,mainly reflecting the strong domestic and foreign demand.As of Decemb

96、er 2019,prices of maize were on average nearly 30 percent above their year-earlier levels.Prices of rice declined in the last three months of 2019 and,in December,were similar to the same month in 2018,mainly reflecting adequate market availabilities,boosted by increased imports.Prices of wheat decl

97、ined during harvesting time,between September and November 2019,and increased in December,driven by the 2019 reduced output and costlier imports from Argentina,the main supplier.As of December,wholesale prices of wheat in the Paran State,which accounts for about half of the national production,were

98、about 7 percent above their previous years levels.Disclaimer:The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO concerning the legal status of any country,territory,city or area or of its aut

99、horities,or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agriculture GIEWS Country Brief Brazil Reference Date:22-May-2019 HIGHLIGHTS Cereal output in 2019 forecast well above last five-year average Cereal exports forecast a

100、t near record level in 2019/20 marketing year Favourable prospects for 2019 maize production pushed down prices of yellow maize Cereal output in 2019 forecast well above last five-year average Cereal production in 2019 is forecast to reach a new record of 114 million tonnes,mainly reflecting the bum

101、per output of the 2019 maize crop offsetting a decrease in the rice harvest.Harvesting of the main season maize crop is ongoing under favourable conditions and production is officially anticipated at a near record level of 95 million tonnes.Plantings of the first season slightly declined,as farmers

102、opt to plant soybean that is more lucrative and has a similar planting period.However,in the following main season,the planted area increased by 6 percent,year on year,on account of higher prices at planting time and early completion of the soybean crops.As a result,plantings in the 2019 season are

103、estimated to increase by 4 percent,year on year,at the national level.In comparison to the previous main season,when dry conditions adversely affected yields,favourable weather conditions boosted prospects of the main crop yields,which are officially anticipated to increase by 21 percent than in 201

104、8.The 2019 rice season recently completed in April.Production is officially estimated at a below-average level of 10.6 million tonnes,as a yearly increase in yields did not offset a contraction on plantings.Following the trends in the decline in plantings,as farmers shift to more lucrative crops,the

105、 area planted decreased for the eighth consecutive year to 1 700 hectares,20 percent below the previous five-year average.Planting of the 2019 wheat crop is ongoing and faster than usual,as sufficient rains in March improved soil moisture conditions for planting operations.The first official forecas

106、t points to a slight increase in production,as an increase in yields offset a contraction in plantings.As a result,the 2019 production is forecast at a near-average level of 5.4 million tonnes.GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agriculture Cereal exports forecast at near r

107、ecord level in 2019/20 marketing year Due to the anticipated bumper output of maize,the countrys major exported cereal,cereal exports are forecast at 32 million tonnes,near the record highs.The weakening of the local currency,which lost some 20 percent of value against the US dollar compared to earl

108、y 2018,contributed further to stronger demand for Brazilian maize.Favourable prospects for 2019 maize production pushed down prices of yellow maize Prices of yellow maize declined in April and were lower than their values a year earlier,as harvesting of the main season crops is underway and producti

109、on prospects are favourable.Similarly,prices of wheat grain also weakened,mainly reflecting increased imports during the first months of 2019,with imports accounting for 60 percent of its consumption needs.Prices were higher than a year earlier mostly due to the depreciation of the countrys currency

110、.Despite the recent completion of the 2019 harvests,prices of rice paddy strengthened,underpinned by export sales.Disclaimer:The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO concerning the

111、legal status of any country,territory,city or area or of its authorities,or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agriculture GIEWS Country Brief Brazil Reference Date:21-August-2018 HIGHLIGHTS Cereal output for 2018

112、expected at last five-year average Maize exports forecast at near-record level in 2018/19 marketing year Prices for maize and wheat above last years level,mainly due to weak local currency Cereal output for 2018 expected at last five-year average level Cereal production in 2018 is estimated at a nea

113、r-average level of 99 million tonnes,about 13 percent lower than the previous years record level.The reduced year-on-year output is mainly due to a decline in maize production,which is estimated at 83 million tonnes,15 percent down from the 2017 output.Harvesting of the second season maize crop,for

114、which planting operations were delayed due to dryness,is still underway.The reduced output reflects a contraction in the area sown of both seasons,sustained by low maize prices pressured downwards by ample supplies from the good 2017 maize output as well as dry weather conditions in late April and M

115、ay that negatively affected yields.By contrast,the 2018 wheat production is anticipated to recover from the previous years low output,increasing by 15 percent year-on-year.The crop has been planted on a larger area and is well-developing under favourable climate conditions with expected improved yie

116、lds.However,the wheat output in 2018,anticipated at 4.9 million tonnes,would still be 14 percent lower than the last five-year average,sustained by good the harvests in 2014 and 2016 due to the large area sown and high yields,respectively.Harvesting of the 2018 rice crop has been completed with an e

117、stimated average output of 11.7 million tonnes.In the major producing Rio Grande do Sul State,a delay in plantings was offset by particularly good growing conditions in February and March,leading to the second highest yields on record.Maize exports forecast at near-record level in 2018/19 marketing

118、year The continued deflation of the local currency is boosting strong demand of Brazilian maize by importing countries.Therefore,exports of maize during the 2018/19 marketing year GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agriculture (March/February)are forecast at a well above-a

119、verage level of 31 million tonnes.Wheat imports in 2018/19(August/July)are expected at a well above-average level of 7.5 million tonnes,mainly reflecting the expected decline in 2018 output.Prices for maize and wheat above last years level,mainly due to weak local currency Prices of yellow maize ste

120、adily increased from the beginning of 2018 due to a weakening local currency and transportation strikes in May over soaring fuel prices.Then maize prices declined in July,sustained by improved domestic supplies of the ongoing second season harvest.However,they were still 53 percent higher than a yea

121、r earlier.Similarly,prices of wheat grain increased since February 2018,underpinned by the weaker local currency.Prices of rice paddy strengthened in July due to a year-on-year reduction in the 2018 harvest.Disclaimer:The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information pro

122、duct do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO concerning the legal status of any country,territory,city or area or of its authorities,or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agricultur

123、e GIEWS Country Brief Brazil Reference Date:13-November-2017 HIGHLIGHTS Cereal production in 2017 expected at record levels Maize exports forecast at record level in 2017/18 marketing year Prices for cereals followed mixed trends in October,but remained below year-earlier levels Cereal production in

124、 2017 expected to reach record levels Cereal production for 2017 is anticipated at about 120 million tonnes,a record level.This is mainly due to the record maize production,harvested from February to July,which has been estimated at over 99 million tonnes.High domestic prices in 2016,after a record

125、drop in production in the same year due to an El Nio-induced drought,led to a significant increase in plantings during the 2017 season.By contrast,production of the 2017 wheat crop,which is currently being harvested,is anticipated to decline by about 18 percent from last years record level to 5.5 mi

126、llion tonnes,close to last five-year average.Ample supplies from imports depressed wheat prices resulting in a significant decline in sowings.Rice(paddy equivalent)output,harvested from February to August,has been estimated at a bumper level of 12.3 million tonnes,mostly reflecting higher yields as

127、the area planted moderately declined as farmers diversified plantings to maize and soybeans.Planting of the 2018 first season maize crop is well underway.Reflecting the record availabilities of maize and better prices for soybeans,the area planted for the first season is officially estimated to decl

128、ine between 7.5 and 11.5 percent from the same season last year.Maize exports forecast at record level in 2017/18 marketing year Reflecting this years record maize output,exports of maize during the 2017/18 marketing year(March/February)are anticipated to reach 29 million tonnes,the second highest l

129、evel in the last ten years.The weakness of the local currency since late 2016,which makes domestic maize more competitive in the international markets,is also providing support to the higher export forecasts.GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agriculture Prices for cereals

130、 followed mixed trends in October,but remained below year-earlier levels Prices of wheat grain declined further in October with the start of the new harvest as a result of abundant imports in the past months,mostly from Argentina.By contrast,yellow maize prices increased by nearly 10 percent in Octo

131、ber,with seasonal trends exacerbated by an expected reduction in the area planted to the first season crop.However,prices of yellow maize were more than 30 percent lower than in October last year.Prices of paddy strengthened in October in line with seasonal trends,but remained sharply down from thei

132、r year-earlier levels as a result of the recovery in the 2017 harvest from the poor output in 2016.Disclaimer:The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO concerning the legal status of

133、 any country,territory,city or area or of its authorities,or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agriculture GIEWS Country Brief Brazil Reference Date:19-May-2017 HIGHLIGHTS Cereal production in 2017 expected at rec

134、ord levels Maize exports forecast to recover in 2017/18 marketing year Prices for maize declined sharply in April,wheat prices stable Cereal production in 2017 expected to reach record levels The harvest of the main maize crop is well underway.After a record drop in production in 2016 due to an El N

135、io-induced drought,which led to the need of imports to supply local markets,official forecasts point to a record maize crop in 2017 with more than 93 million tonnes,as a result of increased plantings supported by high price levels.Planting of the 2017 wheat crop is well underway and early indication

136、s point to lower sowings,reflecting ample supplies in the market from the 2016 crop which have pressured prices downward.Rice output is also anticipated to increase some 13 percent from last years drought-reduced level and slightly above the five-year average.It mainly reflects higher yields as area

137、 planted moderately declined as farmers diversified plantings to maize and soybeans.In total,close to 114 million tonnes of cereals are anticipated to be produced in 2017,a record level.Maize exports forecast to recover in 2017/18 marketing year Reflecting this years anticipated record maize output,

138、exports of maize during the 2016/17 marketing year(March/February)are anticipated to reach 25 million tonnes,slightly above the five-year average and well above last years drop in exports.Aiding the increased availabilities,the continued weakness of the local currency,the Brazilian Real,which makes

139、Brazilian maize more competitive in international markets,is also providing support to the higher export forecasts.Prices for maize declined sharply in April,while wheat prices are stable Prices of yellow maize declined steeply in April with harvesting of the record 2017 first season crops underway

140、and were some 40 percent down from a year earlier.Low prices prompted the Government to take measures to support producers by giving them the opportunity to sell their product at a guaranteed price.Wheat prices remained relatively stable in April and were well GIEWS global information and early warn

141、ing system on food and agriculture below their year-earlier levels reflecting ample supplies from the 2016 harvest and imports.Disclaimer:The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO co

142、ncerning the legal status of any country,territory,city or area or of its authorities,or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agriculture GIEWS Country Brief Brazil Reference Date:31-January-2017 HIGHLIGHTS Planting

143、of 2017“de safrihna”crop delayed by excess precipitations Cereal imports for 2016/17 marketing year forecast at high level Prices for most cereals decline reflecting high import levels,rice prices remain high Planting of 2017“de safrihna”crop delayed by excess precipitations Planting of the first se

144、ason“de safrinha”2017 maize crop is well advanced in the central and southern regions of the country.Some uncertainty exists about planting levels,particularly in the main producer State of Mato Grosso do Sul,as excess precipitations in early January have delayed planting operations.However,early ex

145、pectations are for increased plantings over last years reduced level reflecting the high price levels and improved weather conditions over the dry weather of 2016.Total cereal production in 2016 has been estimated at about 83 000 tonnes,its lowest level in five years.Prolonged and severe dry weather

146、 significantly affected maize plantings and yields.While the wheat output increased,the quality of wheat grains were very low increasing the need of imports.Cereal imports for 2016/17 marketing year forecast at high level Cereal imports in the 2016/17 marketing year(March/February)are anticipated cl

147、ose to 10.3 million tonnes,a record level.This mainly reflects an expected increase in maize imports,which are forecast at 2 million tonnes.The reduced 2016 maize output and the strong demand from the feed sector have led the Government to authorize maize imports from outside the MERCOSUR area at a

148、zero tariff rate.Wheat imports are anticipated to reach 7 million tonnes,its highest levels since 2012,reflecting the low quality of the 2016 wheat grains.Prices for most cereals decline reflecting high import levels,rice prices remain high Prices of yellow maize declined some 3 percent in January a

149、s imports continue to supply the markets and were 4 percent below their level from a year earlier.Wheat and wheat(flour)prices were declining in January,pressured by the availability of the recently-harvested crops and large import volumes,prices were GIEWS global information and early warning syste

150、m on food and agriculture on average 10 percent below their year-earlier levels.Rice prices declined more than 1 percent in January,but were more than 25 percent above their level from a year earlier,as seasonal trends were strengthen by the reduced 2016 crops.GIEWS global information and early warn

151、ing system on food and agriculture GIEWS Country Brief Brazil Reference Date:10-November-2016 HIGHLIGHTS Cereal production in 2016 estimated at lowest level in five years Cereal imports for 2016 marketing year forecast at high level Maize and rice prices seasonally increased in October;wheat prices

152、declined with the harvest Cereal production in 2016 estimated at lowest level in five years Total cereal production in 2016 is estimated close to 83 million tonnes,its lowest level in five years.The decline in cereal output mainly reflects a sharp reduction in 2016 aggregate maize production(first a

153、nd second“safrinha”seasons)of some 22 million tonnes as a result of lower yields and crop losses due to the severe dry weather associated with the El Nio event.Rice production has also been estimated sharply down from last years level as reduced plantings due to low prices at the beginning of the se

154、ason,combined with El Nio-induced drought conditions,resulted in a reduction in output of 15 percent from 2015.By contrast,wheat output is estimated at 6.2 million tonnes,up 13 percent from last year.However,concerns about the low quality of the wheat crop remain.Planting of the first season 2017 ma

155、ize crop is well advanced.Early official estimates point to a significant increase in the area planted over last years reduced level supported by high local prices and favourable weather conditions.Cereal imports for 2016/17 marketing year forecast at high level Cereal imports in the 2016/17 marketi

156、ng year are anticipated close to 9.5 million tonnes,the second highest level in a decade.This mainly reflects an expected increase in maize imports during the marketing year(March/February),which are forecast at a record high of 2 million tonnes.A tighter supply outlook,following high exports earlie

157、r in the year,the reduction in this years harvest and strong demand from the feed sector,have led the Government to authorize maize imports from outside the MERCOSUR at a zero tariff rate.GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agriculture Maize and rice prices seasonally incre

158、ased in October;wheat prices declined with the harvest Prices of yellow maize moderately increased in October mostly reflecting seasonal trends that were somewhat moderated by the recent appreciation of the local currency.Tight supplies from this years reduced harvest,kept yellow maize prices some 3

159、0 percent above their level from a year earlier.Rice prices also increased moderately in October reflecting seasonal trends and were 29 percent above their level from a year earlier due to this years reduced crop and high demand.By contrast,prices of wheat and wheat flour declined as product from th

160、e recent harvest has started to supply the markets.GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agriculture GIEWS Country Brief Brazil Reference Date:12-September-2016 HIGHLIGHTS Cereal production in 2016 forecast at lowest level in five years Cereal imports for 2016 marketing year

161、forecast at high level Cereal prices increased in August;maize and wheat grain prices sharply above year-earlier levels Cereal production in 2016 forecast at lowest level in five years Harvesting of the 2016 second season safrinha maize crop is virtually concluded.Early estimates for the season poin

162、t to a decline of maize output of almost 24 percent from the same season last year.The sharp reduction is a result of the severe dry weather,associated with the El Nio phenomenon,which impacted the crop during the growing season,resulting in yield declines of 27 percent relative to the same season l

163、ast year.The 2016 aggregate maize output(first and second season harvests)is now anticipated at 67.9 million tonnes,a downward revision of 3 percent from previous expectations.By contrast,wheat production for 2016,which will be harvested from September,is forecast to increase 16 percent,on account o

164、f higher projected yields,as conditions remain particularly favourable for crop development.Total cereal production in 2016 is expected at 86.9 million tonnes,the lowest level since 2011.Cereal imports for 2016/17 marketing year forecast at high level Cereal imports in the 2016/17 marketing year are

165、 anticipated close to 9.5 million tonnes,the second highest level in a decade.This mainly reflects an expected increase in maize imports during the marketing year(March/February),which are forecast at a record high of 2 million tonnes.A tighter supply outlook,following high exports earlier in the ye

166、ar,the anticipated reduction in this years harvest and strong demand from the feed sector,have led the Government to authorize maize imports from outside the Mercorsur at a zero tariff rate.By contrast,wheat imports are anticipated to decline by almost 8 percent and reach 6 million tonnes during the

167、 marketing year(September/August),as a result of the favourable prospects of this years crop.GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agriculture Cereal prices increase in August;maize and wheat grain prices sharply above year-earlier levels In Brazil,maize prices increased slig

168、htly in August after the decline of the previous month due to the further downward revision of the 2016 second season maize output,affected by dry weather.The national average maize price in August was about 90 percent higher than a year earlier,reflecting the generally tight supply situation.Prices

169、 of wheat grain and wheat flour remained relatively unchanged,after the increase of the previous months,and were well above their year-earlier levels due to the tight domestic supplies,particularly of high quality wheat.GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agriculture GIEWS

170、Country Brief Brazil Reference Date:19-July-2016 HIGHLIGHTS Cereal production in 2016 forecast at lowest level in five years Cereal imports for 2016 marketing year to increase to their highest level in five years Yellow maize prices sharply decline during first half of July;wheat and wheat flour pri

171、ces increase Cereal production in 2016 forecast at lowest level in five years Harvesting of the 2016 second season safrinha maize crop is well advance and latest forecasts point to a 20 percent reduction in output relative to the same season last year.The sharp reduction is a result of the severe dr

172、y weather,associated with the El Nio phenomenon,which impacted the crop during the growing season,resulting in significantly reduced yields in major producing states of Parana,Sao Paulo and Mato Grosso.The 2016 aggregate maize output(first and second season harvests)is now anticipated at 70.1 millio

173、n tonnes,a downward revision of more than 3 million tonnes from the previous estimate,as the effects of the drought on yields were more severe than anticipated earlier.By contrast,wheat production for 2016 is forecast to increase 18 percent,on account of higher projected yields,as crop development c

174、ontinues to be relatively favourable.Total cereal production in 2016 is expected at 89.2 million tonnes,the lowest level in the past five years.Cereal imports for 2016 marketing year to increase to their highest level in five years Cereal imports in the 2016/17 marketing year are anticipated at 9.5

175、million tonnes,the highest level in five years.This mainly reflects an increase in maize imports,which are forecast at a record high of 2 million tonnes.A tighter supply outlook following high exports earlier in the year,the anticipated reduction in this years harvest and strong demand from the feed

176、 sector have led the Government to authorize maize imports from outside the Mercorsur at a zero tariff rate.Yellow maize prices sharply decline during first half of July,wheat and wheat flour prices increase Prices of yellow maize during the first half of July declined sharply from their record high

177、s,as new supplies entering the GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agriculture market from the ongoing harvest and imports,pressured prices downward.However,prices remained almost 71 percent above their level a year earlier,reflecting the generally tight supply situation.Pr

178、ices of wheat grain and wheat flour in the first half of July continued their increasing trend from the previous month,supported by tight supplies,particularly of high quality wheat,and remained well above their levels during the same period last year.GIEWS global information and early warning syste

179、m on food and agriculture GIEWS Country Brief Brazil Reference Date:10-June-2016 HIGHLIGHTS Cereal production in 2016 to reach its lowest level in five years Yellow maize prices reached record levels in March,wheat flour price stable Cereal production in 2016 to reach its lowest level in five years

180、Harvesting of the 2016 second season safrinha maize crop is currently underway.Despite an increase in the area planted,severe dry weather,associated with the El Nio phenomenon during the growing season significantly reduced yields in major producing states of Parana,Sao Paulo and Mato Grosso.Output

181、is forecast to decline by 15 percent compared to the same season last year and the 2016 aggregate maize production(first and second season harvests)is anticipated at 73.5 million tonnes,14 percent lower than a year earlier and the lowest level in five years.By contrast,wheat production in 2016 is an

182、ticipated to increase sharply to a five-year high of about 6.4 million tonnes.This mainly reflects higher sowings as a result of increased demand for wheat,particularly from the feed industry.Total cereal production in 2016 is expected at 95 million tonnes,the lowest level in the past five years.Cer

183、eal imports for 2016 marketing year to increase to their highest level in five years Cereal imports in the 2016/17 marketing year are anticipated at 9 million tonnes,the highest level in five years.This mainly reflects an increase in maize imports,which are forecast at a record high of 1.5 million t

184、onnes.A tighter supply outlook following high exports earlier in the year,the anticipated reduction in this years harvest and strong demand from the feed sector,has led the Government to authorize maize imports from outside the Mercorsur at a zero tariff rate.Yellow maize prices on the increase and

185、at record levels in May,wheat and wheat flour prices stable Prices of yellow maize in May continued to follow the increasing trend of the past several months and reached record levels.The increase in prices was supported by tightening domestic supplies,following high exports in previous months and s

186、trong domestic GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agriculture demand for feed.The expected reduction in the 2016 second season maize crop provided additional support.Prices of wheat grain and wheat flour remained relatively unchanged.However,those of wheat grain were almos

187、t 30 percent above their levels in May last year reflecting a reduced 2015 crop and increased demand from the feed industry,due to the reduced availabilities of yellow maize.By contrast,wheat flour prices were lower as supplies are being maintained by adequate imports.GIEWS global information and ea

188、rly warning system on food and agriculture GIEWS Country Brief Brazil Reference Date:31-March-2016 HIGHLIGHTS Maize output in 2016 to remain at bumper level despite declining somewhat Maize exports to decline from record levels in 2016/17 marketing year Yellow maize prices reached record levels in M

189、arch,wheat flour price stable Maize output in 2016 to remain at bumper level despite declining somewhat Harvesting of the 2016 first season maize crop is underway.The latest official forecast points to a reduction in production relative to the same season last year of almost 4 percent to 28.4 millio

190、n tonnes.Severe dry weather,associated to the El Nio phenomena,in major producing states such as Parana and parts of Sao Paulo and Mato Grosso reduced sowings.Lower maize prices relative to soybeans also contributed to the reduction.Planting of the 2016 second season safrinha maize crop,to be harves

191、ted from June,concluded in February.The area sown to this crop is estimated to have remained relatively unchanged from the same season last year.Preliminary official forecasts point to output declining some 3.5 percent from the 2015 safrinha crop,mainly reflecting lower yields due to lower rains at

192、the beginning of the season.Based on the progress of the first season harvest and the early 2016 safrinha prospects,the aggregate 2016 maize production is initially forecast at 82.7 million tonnes some 3.5 percent down from last years record level.Maize exports to decline from record level in 2016/1

193、7 marketing year Maize exports in the 2016/17 marketing year(March/February)are tentatively forecast at 30 million tonnes,some 13 percent down from last years record level but still above the countrys five-year average.The decline in export levels mainly reflect lower demand,particularly from China,

194、despite the strong depreciation of the local currency making Brazilian maize competitive in the international market.Yellow maize prices reached record levels in March,wheat flour price stable In March,domestic yellow maize prices reached a record level,in nominal terms,despite the record 2015 crop

195、and the anticipated bumper 2016 harvest.Current price levels are being sustained by a sharp depreciation of the Brazilian Real and high inflation.Wheat flour prices decreased moderately in March,mainly reflecting adequate levels of imports.However,prices were some 4 percent above their year-earlier

196、levels reflecting the high rates of inflation and the weaker currency.GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agriculture GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agriculture GIEWS Country Brief Brazil Reference Date:30-December-2015 FOOD SECURITY SNAPSHOT

197、Cereal production for 2015 reaches record level Sowing of 2016 first season maize crop reduced by dry weather conditions and high stock levels Maize exports forecast at a record for 2016 marketing year(April/March)Yellow maize and wheat flour prices increase sharply in November Cereal production for

198、 2015 reaches record level Cereal output for 2015 is preliminarily estimated at a record level of 107 million tonnes,6 percent up from last years good level,marking the fourth consecutive year of increase.This mainly reflects higher maize and rice output,as sowings and yields for both crops increase

199、d considerably.By contrast,wheat output is set at 6.1 million tonnes,a moderate decline from last years high level but remains well above the countrys five-year average.The decline in wheat production is mainly the result of lower yields,following below-average rainfall during the season.Sowing of t

200、he 2016 first season maize crop is expected to decline due to dry weather and high stock levels Sowing of the 2016 first season maize crop is virtually concluded.Severe dry weather,associated to the El Nio phenomena,in major producing states such as Parana and parts of Sao Paulo and Mato Grosso have

201、 reportedly delayed planting operations and reduced the area planted.Preliminary official estimates,as of December,point to a contraction in sowings of 7 percent compared to last year.The low price of maize relative to soybeans and high stock levels,also dissuaded farmers from increasing area plante

202、d to maize this season.Maize exports forecast at a record for 2015/16 marketing year(March/February)Maize exports in the 2015/16 marketing year(March/February)are forecast at a record level of 29 million tonnes,reflecting ample stocks and supported by the strong depreciation of the local currency.Ye

203、llow maize and wheat flour prices increased sharply in November In November seasonal yellow maize price increases were strengthened by the weak national currency and solid export demand.An anticipated reduction in plantings for the 2016 first season crop also provided support.Prices were more than 2

204、0 percent above year-earlier levels.Wheat flour prices rose sharply in November,supported by this years lower harvest,the weak national currency which has increased the cost of imports,and high inflation rates.However,prices were only moderately higher than their level from a year earlier.GIEWS glob

205、al information and early warning system on food and agriculture GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agriculture GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agriculture GIEWS Country Brief Brazil Reference Date:24-February-2015 FOOD SECURITY SNAPSHOT Maize

206、production in 2015 is forecast at high levels despite lower planting Aggregate cereal production in 2014 remained close to record levels Maize exports forecast to decrease in 2014/15 marketing year(April/March)Yellow maize prices decline in February,wheat flour prices at multi-year lows Below averag

207、e rainfall levels cause drought in South-East and North-East regions Maize production in 2015 is forecast at high levels despite lower planting Harvest of the 2015 first season maize crop has begun.Early official production forecasts point to an increase of almost 4 percent from last years same seas

208、on to 31.8 million tonnes,due to higher than anticipated yields which offset lower plantings.However,sharply reduced plantings during the second 2015 Safrina maize crop,to be harvested from May,is expected to result in a 3 percent decrease of 2015 aggregate(first and second season)maize production f

209、rom last years high level to about 76.5 million tonnes.Cereal production in 2014 remains close to record levels Cereal production in 2014 reached almost 100 million tonnes(paddy equivalent)or 1.1 percent below last years record level.Early official estimates indicate a bumper wheat crop of almost 6.

210、2 million tonnes,or 8 percent above last years good level and record.Last years high production mainly reflects increased plantings driven by high domestic and regional prices and favourable weather during the season.The 2014 maize production is estimated 2 percent below the 2013 record crop at almo

211、st 78.8 million tonnes.Better than expected yields offset lower plantings due to low prices and unfavourable weather at sowing time.Maize exports forecast to decrease in 2014/15 marketing year(April/March)Maize exports in the 2014/15 marketing year(April/March)are forecast to decline by 10 percent f

212、rom last years record level,driven by the anticipated decline in the 2014 production,as well as strong competition from the United States of America and Argentina.Exports,however,are expected to remain still well above the countrys five-year average.Yellow maize prices decline in February,wheat flou

213、r prices at multi-year lows Yellow maize prices declined in February reflecting the entry into the market of the first season crop and ample stocks from two consecutive years of bumper harvests.However,prices in local currency,remained unchanged from a year ago due to the sharp GIEWS global informat

214、ion and early warning system on food and agriculture depreciation of the local currency.By contrast,in US dollar terms,prices were almost 17 percent below their level from a year earlier.Wheat flour prices in February remained unchanged and were at a three-year low.By contrast,wheat prices declined

215、sharply in February.The downward trend in wheat and wheat flour prices is being supported by this years recovery in wheat production and adequate levels of imports.Below average rainfall levels cause drought in South-East and North-East regions Below average rainfall since December has caused drough

216、t conditions in the Northeastern,in particular the State of Ceara,and Southeastern regions of Brazil.As a result 936 out of Brazils 5 570 municipalities have declared a state of emergency.As of late February,the below average rainfall has not significantly affected main crops such as soybeans and ma

217、ize.However,official forecasts point to below-average rainfall levels until the end of March,which could significantly affect crop yields during the ongoing Safrina season.The reduced availability of drinking water and hydroelectric power in major cities in the Southeastern region gives also cause f

218、or concern.GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agriculture GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agriculture GIEWS Country Brief Brazil Reference Date:24-November-2014 FOOD SECURITY SNAPSHOT 2014 wheat harvest anticipated at record level 2014 maize p

219、roduction remains high Maize exports forecast to decrease in 2014/15 marketing year(April/March)Wheat flour prices reach multi-year lows,yellow maize prices increase seasonally 2014 wheat harvest anticipated at record level Harvest of the 2014 wheat crop is almost concluded.Early official estimates

220、point to a bumper crop of almost 7.5 million tonnes,or 30 percent above last years good level and record,despite unfavourable weather conditions during the cropping season negatively affecting yields in some area and caused localized crop losses.This years high production mainly reflects increased p

221、lantings driven by high domestic and regional prices.2014 maize production remains high Harvest of the main 2014 second season“safrinha”maize crop is virtually concluded.Preliminary official estimates of the 2014 aggregate production(first season and“safrinha”crop)point to an output of almost 78.4 m

222、illion tonnes,an upward revision from previous estimates,which mainly reflects higher than expected yields during the“safrinha”season.At the estimated level,the 2014 maize production is 3 percent below last years record crop,but still well above the average of the past five years.Planting of the fir

223、st season 2015 maize crop is virtually concluded.Preliminary estimates point to a reduction in the area planted of 4 to 9 percent compared to the same season last year.This mainly reflects delays in sowing operations due to severe dry weather,particularly in the main producing region of Mato Grosso,

224、and low prices.Maize exports forecast to decrease in the 2014/15 marketing year(April/March)Maize exports in the 2014/15 marketing year(April/March)are forecast to decline by 10 percent from last years record level,driven by the anticipated decline in the 2014 production,as well as strong competitio

225、n from the United States of America and Argentina,Exports,however,are expected to remain still well above the countrys five-year average.Wheat flour prices reach multi-year lows,yellow maize prices increase seasonally Wheat prices in October declined by 11 percent from their levels in September reac

226、hing multi-year lows.This reflects the bumper 2014 crop and adequate import supplies.Prices are 42 percent below their level in October 2103.By contrast,yellow maize prices seasonally increased 5 percent in GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agriculture October.Prices were

227、 also supported by strong export demand,due to the depreciation of the local currency.However,reflecting ample stocks from the good 2014 harvest prices remain 3 percent below their levels from a year earlier.GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agriculture GIEWS Country Brie

228、f Brazil Reference Date:15-July-2014 FOOD SECURITY SNAPSHOT Favourable prospects for the 2014 second season maize crop A bumper 2014 wheat crop expected Maize exports forecast to decrease in the 2014/15 marketing year(April/March)Prices of wheat flour and yellow maize declined in June but higher tha

229、n a year earlier Favourable prospects for the 2014 second season maize crop Harvest of the main 2014 second season“safrinha”maize crop is well advanced.Production forecasts have been revised upwards,due to a lower than earlier anticipated decline in plantings and better yields.The output is put at 4

230、5 million tonnes,slightly below last years same season bumper crop.The first season maize harvest,which concluded in June,was estimated at good levels despite lower than expected yields because of dry weather earlier in the season.The 2014 aggregate(first and second seasons)maize production is forec

231、ast at 76.2 million tonnes,5 percent below last years record high,but still well above the average level.A bumper 2014 wheat crop expected Planting of the 2014 wheat crop was concluded in June,under generally favourable weather conditions.Supported by high domestic and regional prices,the area plant

232、ed is estimated more than 20 percent higher than the good level of 2013.Assuming normal weather conditions prevail in the coming months,official forecasts point to a production of 7.8 million tonnes,significantly above last years level and the highest output in ten years.Maize exports forecast to de

233、crease in then 2014/15 marketing year(April/March)Driven by the anticipated decline in this years aggregate production,as well as strong competition from the United States and Argentina,maize exports in the 2014/15 marketing year(April/March),are forecast to decline by 4 percent from the previous ma

234、rketing year.This level of exports,however,is still well above the countrys five-year average.Prices of wheat flour and yellow maize declined in June but higher than a year earlier Wholesale wheat flour prices decreased by 6 percent in June compared to the previous month,following wheat shipments fr

235、om the United States and Argentina.To guarantee local supplies,the country has suspended import tariffs on non-Mercosur wheat until mid-August.Yellow maize prices also decreased in June as new-crop supplies from the ongoing harvest reached markets.Better than expected outputs contributed to the down

236、ward pressure.Rice prices remained stable,after significant increases in previous months.Overall,however,cereal prices in nominal terms-remained above GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agriculture their year-earlier levels,particularly for wheat flour.GIEWS global informa

237、tion and early warning system on food and agriculture GIEWS Country Brief Brazil Reference Date:27-May-2014 FOOD SECURITY SNAPSHOT Improved prospects for the 2014 second season“safrinha”maize crop,but annual production to decline from last years record level Production of 2014 wheat forecast to reac

238、h record levels Maize exports are forecast to decline for the 2014/15 marketing year(April/March)Wheat flour prices decline from record levels in April Improved prospects for the 2014 second season“safrinha”maize crop,but annual production to decline from last years record level Harvest of the main

239、2014 second season“safrinha”maize crop is about to begin.Earlier forecasts for the harvest have been revised upwards due to higher than expected plantings and better yield estimates.Despite this revision,the“safrinha”maize crop,at an expected level of 43.5 million tonnes,would be 6 percent below las

240、t years bumper crop.The reduction in production mainly reflects lower plantings in response to low prices.By contrast,production estimates for the first season harvest,which is virtually concluded,were revised downward to 31.3 million tonnes,due to lower than anticipated yields caused by dry weather

241、 earlier in the season.The 2014 aggregate(first and second seasons)maize production is forecast at 74.8 million tonnes or 7 percent below last years record high,but still well above the average level.Production of 2014 wheat forecast to reach record levels Planting of the 2014 wheat crop is virtuall

242、y concluded.Supported by high domestic and regional prices,coupled with strong demand,area planted increased by 13 percent from 2013.Assuming normal weather,initial official forecasts point to a production of 6.9 million tonnes,significantly above last years level and the highest output in ten years

243、.Maize exports are forecast to decline for the 2014/15 marketing year(April/March)Driven by anticipated lower aggregate production in 2014,as well as strong competition from the United States and Argentina,maize exports for the 2014/15 marketing year(April/March),are initially forecast to decline by

244、 4 percent from the previous marketing year.This level of exports,however,is still well above the countrys five-year average.Wheat flour prices at near record levels in May Wheat flour prices in May strengthened by about 3 percent from their levels in April and were close to their record highs of Ma

245、rch.However,prices were still well above their levels of a year earlier due to a reduced 2013 wheat output at the subregional level and lower export availabilities from Argentina,its traditional supplier.Wholesale wheat prices also went up in May and were well above their levels GIEWS global informa

246、tion and early warning system on food and agriculture from a year earlier.Yellow maize prices declined slightly in May with the ongoing 2014 second season harvest but remained almost 20 percent higher than a year earlier supported by expectations of a lower output,relative to last years record level

247、s.GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agriculture GIEWS Country Brief Brazil Reference Date:14-March-2014 FOOD SECURITY SNAPSHOT Early forecast for the 2014 aggregate maize crop point to a decline in production from last years record level The 2013 wheat production recovere

248、d from the reduced 2012 crop Wheat imports expected to increase Maize exports to remain at high levels Wheat flour prices at record highs in January despite declines in wheat grain prices Early forecast for the 2014 aggregate maize crop point to a decline in production from last years record level C

249、onditions for the first season maize crop,about to be harvested,remain favourable as good precipitation in January prevented any significant declines in yields after dry weather in most of December.Production is forecast close be to last years same season high level.The expected good results of the

250、first season along with low prices-relative to a year ago and high input costs-has affected the plantings of the second season“safrinha”maize crop,to be harvested from June.The area planted is forecast 9 percent below last years same season level at 42 million hectares.The 2014 aggregate(first and s

251、econd seasons)maize production is initially forecast at almost 75 million tonnes or 7 percent below last years record high,but still well above the average level.The 2013 wheat production recovered from the reduced 2012 crop Harvest of the 2013 wheat was concluded in December.Latest official estimat

252、es point to a strong recovery from last years lows,with production increasing by 30 percent to 5.7 million tonnes.An increase in area in response to higher prices at sowing time more than compensated lower yields,negatively affected by frosts in major producing regions.Wheat imports expected to incr

253、ease While wheat production substantially increased in 2013,record low domestic stocks are expected to drive an increase in imports in the forthcoming 2013/14 marketing year(December/November).Preliminary forecasts point to an increase of almost 4 percent to 7.4 million tonnes.In the current 2012/13

254、 marketing year,the tight supplies in the subregion,mainly due to a reduced production and export restrictions in Argentina,has prompted Brazil to import wheat from the United States and Canada.Maize exports to remain high Maize exports for the 2013/14(April/March)marketing year are forecast to reac

255、h 22.5 million tonnes.Despite the 2013 bumper crop,this figure is 12 percent lower than the previous years record level,on account of strong competition in the international market as a result of ample export availabilities following the substantial recovery GIEWS global information and early warnin

256、g system on food and agriculture in 2013 world production.Logistical problems at local ports are also expected to affect Brazils export capacity.Similar to last year,maize exports will have to compete for port space with soybeans shipments.Wheat flour prices near record highs in February despite dec

257、lines in wheat grain prices In February,flour prices were relatively unchanged and still at near-record levels,reflecting delays in the shipment of 1 million tonnes of authorized wheat exports from Argentina.Maize prices increased in February,despite favourable prospects for the ongoing 2014 first s

258、eason maize harvest,reflecting an anticipated reduction in plantings for the second season.However,ample supplies from last years bumper crop have maintained prices at low levels.GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agriculture GIEWS Country Brief Brazil Reference Date:18-Fe

259、bruary-2014 FOOD SECURITY SNAPSHOT Early forecast for the 2014 aggregate maize crop point to a slight decline in production from last years record level The 2013 wheat production recovered from the reduced 2012 crop Wheat imports expected to increase Maize exports to remain at high levels Wheat flou

260、r prices at record highs in January despite declines in wheat grain prices Early forecast for the 2014 aggregate maize crop point to a slight decline in production from last years record level Conditions for the first season maize crop,about to be harvested,remain favourable as good precipitation in

261、 January prevented any significant declines in yields after dry weather in most of December.Production is forecast close to last years same season high level.The expected good results of the first season along with low prices-relative to a year ago-and high input costs has affected the plantings of

262、the second season“safrinha”maize crop,to be harvested from June.The area planted is forecast 9 percent below last years same season level at 42 million hectares.The 2014 aggregate(first and second seasons)maize production is initially forecast at almost 76 million tonnes or 6 percent below last year

263、s record high,but still well above the average level.The 2013 wheat production recovered from the reduced 2012 crop Harvest of the 2013 wheat was concluded in December.Latest official estimates point to a strong recovery from last years lows,with production increasing by 30 percent to 5.7 million to

264、nnes.An increase in area in response to higher prices at sowing time more than compensated lower yields,negatively affected by frosts in major producing regions.Wheat imports expected to increase While wheat production substantially increased in 2013,record low domestic stocks are expected to drive

265、an increase in imports in the forthcoming 2013/14 marketing year(December/November).Preliminary forecast point to an increase of almost 4 percent to 7.4 million tonnes.In the current 2012/13 marketing year,the tight supplies in the subregion,mainly due to a reduced production and export restrictions

266、 in Argentina,has prompted Brazil to import wheat from the United States and Canada.Maize exports to remain high Maize exports for the 2013/14(April/March)marketing year are forecast to reach 22.5 million tonnes.Despite the 2013 bumper crop,this figure is 12 percent lower than the previous years rec

267、ord level,on account of strong competition in the international market as a result of ample export availabilities following the substantial recovery GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agriculture in 2013 world production.Logistical problems at local ports are also expected

268、 to affect Brazils export capacity.Similar to last year,maize exports will have to compete for port space with soybeans shipments.Wheat flour prices at record highs in January despite declines in wheat grain prices In January,wholesale prices for wheat grain continued to decline-from their record hi

269、ghs of the last quarter of 2013-for a second consecutive month.This trend reflects the new wheat from the recently completed harvest in December.However,the decline in the prices of wheat grain has not yet been reflected in wheat flour prices,which reached all-time highs in January.Wheat flour price

270、s were supported by local millers still mostly operating with the higher priced old crop and at reduced capacity because of low stocks.GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agriculture GIEWS Country Brief Brazil Reference Date:23-December-2013 FOOD SECURITY SNAPSHOT Estimates

271、 for the 2013 wheat production point to a strong recovery from last year The 2013 maize production reached a new record Domestic wheat prices start to decline Estimates for the 2013 wheat production point to a strong recovery from last year Harvest of the 2013 wheat has been concluded.Official estim

272、ates point to a strong recovery from last years lows,with production increasing by 12 percent to almost 4.9 million tonnes,higher than initially forecast.However,at the estimated level wheat production is still below the five year average.An increase in area in response to higher prices at sowing ti

273、me more than compensated lower yields,negatively affected by frosts in August in the southern region of Brazil,which includes Rio Grande do Sul,Parana,and Santa Catarina and accounts for 95 percent of production.Wheat imports expected to decline Reflecting the anticipated increase in wheat productio

274、n,imports in the forthcoming 2013/14 marketing year(December/November)are forecast to decline by 6 percent from the previous year to a level of 7.5 million tonnes,which is expected to cover around 70 percent of domestic consumption.In the current 2012/13 marketing year,the tight supplies in the subr

275、egion,mainly due to a reduced production and export restrictions in Argentina,has prompted Brazil to import wheat from the United States and Canada.Brazil has become the second most important US wheat buyer this year,despite the countrys high import duties on non-Mercosur wheat.Maize production in 2

276、013 reached a new record Aggregate 2013 maize production reached a new record level of almost 81 million tonnes,considerably above last years good level.Both the first and second cropping seasons benefited from favourable weather which increased yields,while a significant increase in plantings,in re

277、sponse to high market prices,also supported the increase in production.Maize exports to remain high Maize exports for the 2013/14(April/March)marketing year are forecast to reach 22.5 million tonnes.Despite this years bumper crop,this figure is 12 percent lower than last years record level,on accoun

278、t of strong competition in the international market as a result of ample export availabilities in 2013/14 following the strong recovery in world production.Logistical problems at local ports are also expected to affect Brazils export capacity.Similar to last year,maize exports will have to compete f

279、or port space with soybeans shipments.Domestic wheat prices start to decline As new product from the recent harvest enters the market wheat GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agriculture prices began to decline in December.The average wheat price declined 5.5 percent,in lo

280、cal currency,from the previous month.While in the main city of Sao Paulo prices declined by almost 8 percent.However prices remained 17 and 26 percent respectively higher than in December 2012.Prices continue to be supported by the tight export supplies in the sub-region and another below average 20

281、13 wheat crop.To limit the rise in prices the Government has increased the duty free import quota for non-Mercosur wheat.Yellow maize prices,seasonally increased in December by 2 and 4 percent at the national level and in Sao Paulo,respectively.However,at both the national level and in Sao Paulo pri

282、ces were 24 percent lower than in December 2012 reflecting ample supplies in the market due to this years bumper maize crop.GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agriculture GIEWS Country Brief Brazil Reference Date:05-November-2013 FOOD SECURITY SNAPSHOT The 2013 wheat produ

283、ction forecast to increase despite frost damage The 2013 maize production reached a new record Domestic wheat prices remain at high levels The 2013 wheat production forecast to increase despite frost damage Harvest of the 2013 wheat,ending in December,is well advanced.The unseasonable cold weather a

284、nd frosts in August negatively affected crops and recent estimates indicate a 4 percent reduction in average yields in the southern region of Brazil,which includes Rio Grande do Sul,Parana,and Santa Catarina and accounts for 95 percent of production.Official production forecasts for the 2013 crop ha

285、ve been further revised downward in October to 4.8 million tonnes.However this is still 10 percent higher than last years production although well below the five-year average.The expected increase in production mainly reflects an expansion of 13 percent in the area planted from last years level,in r

286、esponse to higher prices at sowing time.Wheat imports expected to decline Reflecting the anticipated increase in wheat production,imports in the forthcoming 2013/14 marketing year(December/November)are forecast to decline by 6 percent from the previous year to a level of 7.5 million tonnes,which is

287、expected to cover around 70 percent of domestic consumption.In the current 2012/13 marketing year,the tight supplies in the subregion,mainly due to a reduced production and export restrictions in Argentina,has prompted Brazil to import wheat from the United States and Canada.Brazil has become the se

288、cond most important US wheat buyer this year,despite the countrys high import duties on non-Mercosur wheat.Maize production in 2013 reached a new record Aggregate 2013 maize production reached a new record level of almost 81 million tonnes,considerably above last years good level.Both the first and

289、second cropping seasons benefited from favourable weather which increased yields,while a significant increase in plantings,in response to high market prices,also supported the increase in production.Maize exports to remain high Maize exports for the 2013/14(April/March)marketing year are forecast to

290、 reach 22.5 million tonnes.Despite this years bumper crop,this figure is 12 percent lower than last years record level,on account of strong competition in the international market as a result of ample export availabilities in 2013/14 following the strong recovery in world production.Logistical probl

291、ems at local ports are also expected to affect Brazils export capacity.Similar to last year,maize exports will have to compete for port space with soybeans shipments.GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agriculture Domestic wheat prices remain at record levels Wheat prices a

292、t the national level continued to increase for a fifth consecutive month in October,increasing by 3 percent from September and 41 percent from last year.In Sao Paulo,however,prices decreased by 3 percent from September but were at record highs,42 percent above their levels of September 2012.Prices w

293、ere supported by the tight export supplies in the sub-region and lower than expected 2013 wheat production.To limit the rise in prices the Government has increased the duty free import quota for non-Mercosur wheat.By contrast,maize prices were stable in September and considerably below last years le

294、vel.GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agriculture GIEWS Country Brief Brazil Reference Date:02-October-2013 FOOD SECURITY SNAPSHOT Frosts damaged the 2013 wheat crop in the main producing area of Parana The 2013 maize production reached a new record Domestic wheat prices

295、at record levels Frosts damaged wheat crop in the main producing area of Parana The harvest of the 2013 wheat has begun.In the main producing region of Paranawhich accounts for almost half of the total productionthe wheat crop was severely affected by unseasonal cold weather and frosts in August.Off

296、icial production forecasts for the 2013 crop have been revised downward by 13 percent to 5.1 million tonnes.However,this level is still17 percent higher than the sharply reduced harvest of 2012 although lower than the five year average.The expected increase in production mainly reflects an expansion

297、 of 13 percent in the area planted from last years level,in response to higher prices at sowing time.Wheat imports expected to decline Reflecting the increase in wheat production,imports in the forthcoming 2013/14 marketing year(December/November)are forecast to decline by 6 percent from the previou

298、s year to a level of 7.5 million tonnes,which is expected to cover around 70 percent of domestic consumption.In the current 2012/13 marketing year,the tight supplies in the subregion,mainly due to a reduced production and export restrictions in Argentina,has prompted Brazil to import wheat from the

299、United States and Canada.Brazil has become the second most important US wheat buyer this year,despite the countrys high import duties on non-Mercosur wheat.Maize production in 2013 reached a new record Harvest of the second season maize crop was completed in late August.Official estimates point to a

300、 harvest of 45.5 million tonnes,almost 20 percent up from the 2012 production.This puts the 2013 aggregate production at a new record level of 80 million tonnes that reflects a significant increase in plantings,in response to high market prices,and improved yields following favourable weather during

301、 the first and second cropping seasons.Maize exports to remain high Maize exports for the 2013/14(April/March)marketing year are forecast to reach 22.5 million tonnes.This figure is 12 percent lower than last years record level,on account of strong competition in the international market as a result

302、 of ample export availabilities in 2013/14 following the strong recovery in world production,although significantly higher than the average.Logistical problems at local ports are also expected to affect Brazils export capacity.Similar to last year,maize exports will have to compete for port space wi

303、th soybeans shipments.GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agriculture Domestic wheat prices at record levels For a fourth consecutive month wheat flour prices,in nominal terms,increased and reached a new record level in September.The national average prices were 9 percent u

304、p from the previous month and more than 40 percent higher from last year.Prices were supported by the deteriorated prospects for this years crop and tight export supplies in the sub-region.To limit the rise in prices Brazil has increased the duty free import quota for non-Mercosur wheat.By contrast,

305、maize prices were stable in September and considerably below last years level.GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agriculture GIEWS Country Brief Brazil Reference Date:19-September-2013 FOOD SECURITY SNAPSHOT Frosts damaged wheat crop in the main producing area of Parana Ma

306、ize production in 2013 reached a new record Domestic wheat prices reach record levels Frosts damaged wheat crop in the main producing area of Parana The harvest of the 2013 wheat has begun.In the main producing region of Paranawhich accounts for almost half of the total productionthe wheat crop was

307、severely affected by unseasonal cold weather and frosts in August.Official production forecasts for the 2013 crop have been revised downward by 13 percent to 5.1 million tonnes.However,this level is still18 percent higher than the sharply reduced harvest of 2012 but still lower than the five year av

308、erage.The increase in production mainly reflects an increase in area of almost 13 percent from last year.Maize production in 2013 to reached a new record Harvest of the second season maize crop is now completed.Official estimates point to a harvest of 45.5 million tonnes,almost 20 per cent up from t

309、he previous year.This puts the 2013 aggregate production at a new record level of 80 million tonnes that reflects a significant increase in plantings,in response to high market prices,and improved yields following favourable weather during the cropping seasons.Wheat Imports expected to decline Despi

310、te the frost damage,wheat production is expected to increase in 2013 and imports in the forthcoming 2013/14 marketing year(Dec/Nov)are forecast to decline by 6 percent from the previous year to a level of 7.5 million tonnes,which is expected to cover around 70 percent of domestic consumption.In the

311、current 2012/13 marketing year,the tight supplies in the subregion mainly due to a reduced production and export restrictions in Argentina,has prompted Brazil to import wheat from the United States and Canada.Brazil has become the second most important US wheat buyer this year despite the countrys h

312、igh import duties on non-Mercosur wheat.Domestic wheat prices reach record levels in August Wheat flour prices reached new record levels in August and,in local currency,were 8 percent up from the previous month both at the national level and in the city of Sao Paulo.Relative to August 2012 prices we

313、re almost 40 percent and 50 percent higher at the national level and in Sao Paolo,respectively.Prices were supported by the deterioration of prospects for this years crop and tight export supplies in the subregion.GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agriculture GIEWS global

314、 information and early warning system on food and agriculture GIEWS Country Brief Brazil Reference Date:09-September-2013 FOOD SECURITY SNAPSHOT Maize production in 2013 to reached a new record Frost damages wheat crop in the main producing area of Parana Wheat Imports expected to decline Domestic w

315、heat prices reach record levels Maize production in 2013 to reached a new record Harvest of the second season maize crop is now completed.Official estimates point to a harvest of 45.5 million tonnes,almost 20 per cent above the high level of the previous year.This puts aggregate production for 2013

316、at a new record level of 80 million tons.This reflects a significant increase in plantings,in response to high market prices,and improved yields following favourable weather during the cropping seasons.Frost damages wheat crop in the main producing area of Parana The harvest of the 2013 wheat has be

317、gun.In the main Producing area of Paranawhich accounts for almost half of productionthe wheat crop was severely affected by frost.Official preliminary estimates point to a production of less than 2 million tonnes in Parana,a reduction of 6 percent from last year.However,total production for 2013 is

318、expected to reach almost 5.2 million tonnes 18 percent above from last years low level but still lower than the five year average.The increase in production mainly reflects an increase in area of almost 13 percent from last year.Wheat Imports expected to decline Despite the frost damage wheat import

319、s are expected to decline for the 2013/14 marketing year(Dec/Nov)mainly reflecting the expected increase in production.Wheat imports are forecast at 7.5 million tonnes or 6 percent lower than last year and are expected to cover around 70 percent of domestic consumption.However given the tight suppli

320、es in the region due to declines in expected production(Paraguay and Argentina)and export restrictions(Argentina)wheat this year is mainly being imported from the United States and Canada.Brazil has become the second most important US wheat buyer this year despite the countrys high import duties on

321、non-Mercosur wheat.Domestic wheat prices reach record levels Wheat flour prices reached new record levels in August and,in local currency,were 8 percent higher than in the previous month both at the national level and in Sao Paulo.Relative to August 2012 prices were almost 40 percent and 50 percent

322、higher at the national level and in Sao Paolo,respectively.Prices are increasing due to the high export demand and tight supplies in the region and the switch to more expensive import sources.GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agriculture GIEWS global information and early

323、 warning system on food and agriculture GIEWS Country Brief Brazil Reference Date:09-July-2013 FOOD SECURITY SNAPSHOT Maize production in 2013 to reach new record highs Favourable prospects for the 2013 wheat crop Domestic prices of maize declining but those of wheat flour and rice on the increase N

324、orth-East region affected by severe drought for the second consecutive year Maize production in 2013 to reach new records Harvest of the second season maize crop is underway and official forecasts point to a record output of almost 44 million tonnes,14 percent above the high level of the previous ye

325、ar.Production of the 2013 recently harvested first season was also good and in aggregate,official forecasts point to a 2013 crop of almost 78.5 million tonnes,a new record.This reflects a significant increase in plantings,in response to high market prices,and improved yields following favourable wea

326、ther during the cropping seasons.Harvesting of the 2013 rice paddy crop was completed in May and the output is officially estimated at 11.94 million tonnes(in paddy terms),a recovery over last years reduced level,but still somewhat below the five years average,mainly due to planting delays due to ad

327、verse weather conditions.The 2013 soybean production was estimated close to 81 million tonnes,23 percent higher than in 2012.Favourable prospects for the wheat crop Planting of the 2013 wheat crop was completed in June under generally favourable weather conditions.While the area planted increased on

328、ly marginally from last year,yields are expected to recover from the low levels of 2012,providing good weather persists.Early official forecasts point to an increase of 25 percent in production to an about average level of 5.5 million tonnes.Exports of maize may decline in 2013/14 despite bumper 201

329、3 production Early forecast point to a decline of maize exports in the 2013/14 marketing year(April/March)due to strong competition from other exporters and logistical constraints.However,at the forecast volume of 22 million tonnes,maize exports are still almost double the five year average level.Al

330、ong with Argentina,exports from Brazil in the coming months will contribute to ease tight supplies in the world maize market due to last years drought-reduced harvest in the United States.Domestic maize prices declining but those of wheat and rice at high levels Domestic national average wholesale p

331、rices of maize weakened further in June under the downward pressure of supplies from the 2013 harvests and were around their levels a year earlier.By GIEWS global information and early warning system on food and agriculture contrast,the average wheat price remained firm and one-third higher than in

332、June 2012,while those of wheat flour rose by near 5 percent in the Sao Paulo main market.This reflects the 2012 reduced wheat harvest,high quotations in the international markets and the depreciation of the national currency in recent months.Rice prices increased slightly in June and were one-quarte

333、r above those of a year earlier due to the only partial recovery in the 2013 production.North-East region affected by severe drought for the second consecutive year In the North East region,one of the worst droughts in recent decades is affecting agriculture and livestock production for the second year in a row.The North East region accounts for about 7 percent of the national production of cereal