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1、Power Transition Trends 2022Coal power spikes,but progress on renewables brings hopeSofia MaiaLuiza DemroSeptember 21,20221September 21,2022The world recorded an unprecedented spike in coal generation in 2021 as countries turned to existing fleets of fossil-fueled power plants to meet fast-growing p

2、ower demand and keep the lights on amid droughts and higher natural gas prices.However,renewable technologies also had a banner year,both in terms of contributions to global generation and new capacity added.What occurs over the balance of this decade stands to be decisive in determining whether the

3、 world achieves a net-zero emissions path and policy mechanisms to address todays energy challenges will influence how that future unfolds.This annual report examines trends in global generation,capacity and emissions.It aims to illustrate to policy makers,investors and other key stakeholders,ahead

4、of COP27,the state of the power sector globally through year-end 2021.It is based on data collected by BloombergNEF analysts on six continents from primary sources in 136 countries and markets,along with aggregated data from the rest of the world.Key findings include:The world saw an unprecedented s

5、pike in global coal generation 2020-2021,with an 8.5%jump in power production from the technology.Greater coal use boosted power sector CO2 emissions 7%in 2021 from the year prior.Three factors contributed to the coal surge:rebounding top-line electricity demand thanks to economic recovery,lower hyd

6、ro generation due to droughts around the world and higher natural gas prices.Half of the countries that pledged at the COP26 talks to phase out coal recorded growth in coal generation in 2021.Executive summary5.6%Growth in global power production in 2020-20218.5%Spike in coal generation in 2020-2021

7、75%Wind and solars share of 2021 capacity additionsSource:BloombergNEFGlobal annual generation change by technology585409-237271316-256-273750-500-25002505007501,0001,2501,5002012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021TWhCoalNatural GasHydroWindSolarNuclearOther-fossilOther renewables2Septembe

8、r 21,2022Executive summary(2)Led by Asia,total global power production jumped 5.6%in 2021 as economies bounced back from the impacts of Covid-19.Power generation spiked to 27,300TWh from 25,800TWh to set a new high following three years of stable electricity demand.Solar achieved a new milestone in

9、2021,clearing 1,000TWh of generation for the first time,while wind neared 2,000TWh.Together,the technologies accounted for 10.5%of all power produced worldwide.In all,zero-carbon generation totaled over 10,000TWh to meet nearly 40%of global power demand.Wind and solar accounted for three quarters of

10、 the 364GW of new capacity installed in 2021.Solar alone was half of all capacity added and solar annual build was 25%higher in 2021 than in 2020.Meanwhile,net growth in coal capacity was at its lowest in at least 15 years.In all,fossil fuels accounted for only 14%of total capacity added in the year

11、.More countries than ever are opting to build renewable energy.In 2021,over three quarters of the worlds nations surveyed installed more clean power(including hydro)on a capacity basis than any other technology.Solar was the technology of choice in nearly half of the worlds nations.Hydro followed wi

12、th 15%,down from 20%a decade earlier.Solar is also quickly spreading to new markets though deployment at scale remains somewhat concentrated.In 2021,the number of countries that installed at least 1MW of solar capacity reached a new high of 112 markets 7.5 times the number of markets that added coal

13、.This is up from 101 markets in 2020 and just 55 in 2012.53 economies added some wind capacity in 2021,up from 44 in 2020.Still,clean energy deployment at scale remains concentrated.Ten markets accounted for 85%of solar capacity added.A separate 10 were where 89%of 2021 wind got built.Total global p

14、ower-generating capacity has nearly doubled over 15 years and reached a new high at 7.9TW in 2021.The Asia-Pacific region has led the capacity boom with 191%growth 2006-2021.Coal continues to account for over a quarter of the global installed capacity.3September 21,2022Source:BloombergNEFGlobal annu

15、al generation by technologyTotal global power production jumped 5.6%in 2021 as economies rebounded from the worst of the Covid-19 pandemic.Generation spiked from 25,800 terawatt-hours(TWh)in 2020 to 27,300TWh in 2021.This marked a new high and came on the heels of three years of flat electricity dem

16、and.Coal led the growth with an 8.5%jump from 2020-2021.Total global coal generation reached its highest level ever in 2021 at 9,600TWh.Over two thirds of markets with some coal capacity installed(52 around the world)saw coal generation grow 2020-2021.By comparison,from 2019-2020 coal usage rose in

17、just 27 markets.Global solar generation reached 1,000TWh for the first time,while wind neared 2,000TWh.All zero-carbon sources of generation(renewables,hydro and nuclear)totaled over 10,000TWh,or nearly 40%of global power production.Generation from natural gas and nuclear rose 3%and 4%,respectively,

18、while hydro powers contribution slid by 0.7%.Global power generation rebounded in 20218.5 8.9 9.0 8.7 8.8 9.1 9.4 9.1 8.9 9.6 5.2 5.0 5.1 5.5 5.7 5.7 5.9 6.1 6.1 6.2 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.3 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.7 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.9 1.0 21.8 22.3 22.8 23.2 23.9 2

19、4.5 25.4 25.8 25.8 27.3 0510152025302012201320142015201620172018201920202021000 TWhCoalNatural GasHydroNuclearWindSolarOil&DieselBiomass&WasteGeothermalOther-fossil4September 21,2022Source:BloombergNEFGlobal annual generation by region or countryThe Asia-Pacific region led the spike in global electr

20、icity production with a 9%2020-21 jump.Thanks to a strong economic rebound,China saw generation rise 10.5%to 8,200TWh.This marked its largest single year-on-year jump in a decade.Power production in Asia-Pacific markets(excluding China)is now greater than in Europe or North America&Caribbean.These e

21、conomies account for the largest growth in power production over 10 years and jumped 6%2020-2021 to 5,500TWh.The uptake was led mainly by India,South Korea,Malaysia,Japan and Indonesia,which together represented 73%of Asias ex-China total generation growth.Central&South America and Europe saw genera

22、tion grow 5.6%and 4.3%,respectively.Meanwhile in North America&Caribbean and Africa,power demand has remained roughly flat.Asia drove the generation growth 13.74.9 5.3 5.6 5.6 5.9 6.3 6.7 7.2 7.4 8.2 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.9 5.0 5.2 5.3 5.2 5.5 5.0 5.0 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.0 4.9 5.1 4.8 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.0

23、5.0 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.1 21.8 22.3 22.8 23.2 23.9 24.5 25.4 25.8 25.8 27.3 0510152025302012201320142015201620172018201920202021000 TWhChinaAsia-Pacific(excl.China)EuropeNorth America&CaribbeanMiddle EastCentral&South AmericaAfrica5September 21,2022Source:BloombergNEFShare of annual generation by region o

24、r countryDemand for electricity from the Asia-Pacific region has risen swiftly over the past decade and the continent now accounts for half of global generation.China alone accounts for 30%of the global power generation.Demand in North America and Europe has declined over a decade and touched new lo

25、ws in 2021.North America and Europe accounted for 19%each of the worlds electricity production in 2021,down from 23%and 22%,respectively in 2020.The Middle East,Central&South America and Africa have broadly held their shares of global generation,as the rate of growth in demand in these nations has g

26、enerally matched the global growth rate.The Mideast and Central&South America account for 5%of global electricity generation each,while Africa represents 3%.Asia accounts for half of global electricity demand50%23%24%24%24%25%26%27%28%29%30%20%20%20%20%20%20%21%20%20%20%23%22%22%21%21%21%20%19%19%19

27、%22%22%21%21%21%20%21%20%20%19%4%4%5%5%5%5%5%5%5%5%5%5%5%5%5%5%5%5%5%5%2012201320142015201620172018201920202021ChinaAsia-Pacific(excl.China)EuropeNorth America&CaribbeanMiddle EastCentral&South AmericaAfrica6September 21,2022Source:BloombergNEFGlobal annual generation changeFor the first time since

28、2013,coal-fired power plants were the top contributor to top-line power generation growth.Following two years of decline,coal generation jumped 750TWh in 2021 and accounted for over half of all net additional power generation.Three factors explained the surge:fast-growing post-pandemic electricity d

29、emand overall,depressed hydro generation due to droughts and higher natural gas prices.Another coal generation spike is possible in 2022 as European nations seek short-term solutions to compensate for droughts and extremely high gas prices.Germany has this year reactivated 4.8GW of fossil fuel power

30、 plants,including 3.2GW of coal-fired capacity.Another 5.5GW of coal is expected online by year-end,along with 4GW of nuclear capacity.Other European countries are expected to follow similar paths.Coal accounted for the majority ofadditional generation in 2021585409109-237271316-256-2737502971161391

31、0410189226-11996326198205201158-124-94911057111813717727017026178118137126148143-50005001,0001,5002012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021TWhBiomass&WasteCoalGeothermalHydroNatural GasNuclearOil&DieselOther-fossilWindSolar7September 21,2022Source:BloombergNEFAnnual coal generation change in

32、 top markets for coal electricity growth China,India and the US led the spike in coal power production.These markets saw coal generation jump 9%,16%and 14%,respectively 2020-2021.Coals rebound in 2021 came after much-celebrated declines in previous years.The US,Germany,Netherlands and Italy are amon

33、g countries where coal electricity has been trending down since at least 2017.Half of the countries that pledged to phase out coal at COP26 recorded growth in coal generation in 2021.In November 2021,over 40 countries committed to retire coal capacity and nearly all world nations pledged to phase do

34、wn unabated coal plants.Still,many countries trended in the opposite direction in 2021.China,India and the US led the coal generation spike+395TWh+153TWh+110TWh+30TWh+29TWh+9TWh+7TWh+6TWh+5TWh+6TWh2020-2021 coal generation change-400-200020040060080020172018201920202021TWhChinaIndiaUSGermanyPolandIn

35、donesiaAustraliaBrazilNetherlandsPhilippines8September 21,2022Source:BloombergNEFTop countries for coal generationTen countries accounted for 87%of the total coal power produced globally in 2021.This was virtually unchanged from 2020.China,India and the US accounted together for 63%.Japan and South

36、Korea completed the top five,with 3%and 2%of the total,respectively.China has been the top coal generator for at least the last 15 years and in 2021 was responsible for 52%of coal generation,up from 44%in 2012.Its coal power production has consistently increased since 2015 and recorded a 9%jump 2020

37、-2021.India was the second biggest coal generator and was responsible for 11%of the total,or 1,100TWh with the US right after with 9%,or 904TWh.Unlike all others in the top 10,the US has cut its coal generation share since the beginning of the decade.In 2012,the US was 15%of coal generation;in 2021,

38、it was 9%.Over 85%of coal generation occurs in just 10 countries44%45%45%45%45%46%48%50%52%52%8%8%9%10%11%11%11%11%11%11%15%15%15%13%13%12%12%10%9%9%16%15%15%15%15%14%14%14%13%13%2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021Other countriesAustraliaRussiaGermanySouth AfricaIndonesiaSouth KoreaJap

39、anUSIndiaChina9September 21,2022Source:BloombergNEFLeading nations coal penetration ratesTen countries rely on coal to meet at 60%of their power demand.Mongolia leads,with over 90%of its electricity coming from coal,followed by South Africa with 86%.In both nations,growth in wind and solar use has s

40、lowly helped reduce coals share.Kazakhstan,India and Poland follow with 79%,74%and 73%,respectively.The Philippines and Indonesia has seen their reliance on coal rise most over the past decade.In both nations,coal has been nearly the only source meeting fast-growing demand.Renewables have seen limit

41、ed progress by comparison.Philippines coal reliance spiked from 39%in 2012 to 59%in 2021.In Indonesia,it jumped 49%to 61%over the same period.Many markets continue to rely heavily on coal30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021MongoliaSouth AfricaKazakhstanIndiaPola

42、ndMoroccoSerbiaIndonesiaChinaPhilippines10September 21,2022Power sector CO2 emissions rose 7%in 2021 from the year prior to set a new record.This was mainly due to the jump in year-on-year coal generation.Emissions from coal-fired power plants rose 8%in 2021 from the prior year.Natural gas emissions

43、 also increased 4%compared to 2020.This marked the biggest year-on-year rise in gas-related emissions since 2014-2015.Due to high coal generation,China,the US and India are responsible for 57%of global power sector emissions.Russia and Japan follow far behind with 5%and 3%,respectively.While emissio

44、ns remained flat or slid slightly 2019-2020 in absolute terms in most nations,in China they rose 1%in 2020 and 9%in 2021.Since 2015,the country has consistently raised its share of total global power sector emissions.In six years,Chinas power-sector emissions have soared 28%over the last six years.G

45、lobal power sector emissions by technologyGlobal power sector emissions by countryHigher coal generation boosted power sector emissions 7%Source:BloombergNEF and NEO 202002,0004,0006,0008,00010,00012,00014,00016,0002012201320142015201620172018201920202021MtCO2eCoalNatural GasOil&Diesel30%31%31%31%31

46、%32%33%34%36%36%15%15%15%14%14%13%13%13%12%12%6%6%7%7%8%8%8%8%8%8%6%6%6%6%6%6%6%6%5%5%5%5%5%4%4%4%4%4%4%3%38%37%37%37%38%37%36%36%36%35%2012201320142015201620172018201920202021ChinaUnited StatesIndiaRussiaJapanOther countries11September 21,2022Source:BloombergNEFShare of global generation by technol

47、ogyWith nearly 3,000TWh of power produced in 2021,wind and solar accounted for a combined 10.5%of 2021 generation.Winds contribution rose to 6.8%,up from just 0.7%a decade ago,while solar reached 3.7%up from virtually nothing in 2012.Non-hydro renewables(wind,solar,geothermal and biomass)reached 13%

48、of total generation,compared to 5%at the beginning of this decade.Zero-carbon technologies accounted for 39%of total generation in 2021.Hydro and nuclear were 16%and 10%respectively in 2021,but the participation of these technologies in grids has just fluctuated over the decade.Fossil fuels remain t

49、he worlds main power source and accounted for 61%of 2021 global generation.Coal remained the top technology in 2021 at 35%.Natural gas followed with a 23%contribution.Wind and solar surpassed 10%of global generation for the first time39%40%39%38%37%37%37%35%34%35%24%23%23%24%24%23%23%24%24%23%17%17%

50、17%17%17%16%16%16%17%16%11%11%11%11%11%11%10%11%10%10%4%4%5%5%6%6%7%3%3%4%2012201320142015201620172018201920202021CoalNatural GasHydroNuclearWindSolarOil&DieselBiomass&WasteGeothermalOther-fossil12September 21,2022Source:BloombergNEFLeading nations shares of global solar generationWhile solar genera

51、tion remains concentrated in a relatively small group of countries,new leaders have emerged over the decade.In 2012,most solar power production was concentrated in developed nations,but over the decade it has gained momentum in a growing and diverse number of nations.In 2012,only 33 countries had so

52、lar generation above 20GWh.By 2021,this had more than tripled to 118 countries.A third of global solar generation occurred in China in 2021.The US,Japan and India followed with 11%,9%and 7%,respectively.Vietnam,Mexico and Brazil are other emerging markets that have seen solar generation grow over pa

53、st few years.Together,they accounted for 6%of 2021 global solar generation.Solar is concentrated in a small number of markets,but others are growing27%23%19%15%12%9%8%7%6%5%19%16%12%9%7%6%4%3%2%3%12%9%7%5%4%3%3%7%11%13%14%14%13%11%10%10%9%9%12%15%15%17%17%17%15%15%11%5%4%3%3%3%4%6%13%16%20%26%30%32%

54、30%33%3%3%3%3%4%6%6%7%7%7%9%10%10%12%12%11%11%13%14%14%2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021Other countriesUKTurkeyBrazilVietnamMexicoSouth KoreaIndiaAustraliaChinaFranceUSJapanSpainItalyGermany13September 21,2022Source:BloombergNEFGlobal installed capacity by technologyGlobal installed

55、power-generating capacity reached a new high in 2021 of 7.9TW,nearly double the 4TW installed 15 years ago.From 2020 to 2021,capacity grew 4.8%,the biggest increase since 2015-2016.Wind and solar grew fastest.Solar PV capacity jumped 23%2020-2021 to 973GW in 2021.That is more than nine times the 103

56、GW that was online in 2012 and 139 times the 7GW that was installed in 2006.Global wind capacity jumped 12%2020-2021 to 833GW.Total wind capacity installed has nearly tripled in a decade.We expect wind and solar to account for over a quarter global capacity by the end of 2022.Together,these technolo

57、gies were 23%of global capacity as of year-end 2021.Zero-carbon technologies reached 45%of global capacity,up from just 11%in 2012.Coal still accounts for the largest individual share of global capacity.Coal capacity online continues to rise even as its share on percentage basis declines.Total insta

58、lled capacity has nearly doubled in 15 years1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.0 4.0 4.2

59、4.3 4.5 4.8 5.0 5.3 5.5 5.8 6.0 6.4 6.6 6.9 7.2 7.5 7.9 0123456782006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021TWCoalNatural GasHydroOther-fossilWindSolarNuclearOil&DieselBiomass&WasteGeothermal14September 21,2022Source:BloombergNEFGlobal installed capacity by regionThe Asia-Pacifi

60、cs power-generating capacity has nearly tripled in a decade and a half.In absolute numbers,APACs total installed capacity jumped from 1.3TW in 2006 to 3.8TW in 2021.Laos,Cambodia and Vietnam all recorded impressive expansions of their power matrices,with growth rates ranging from 528%to over 1,100%s

61、ince 2006.Africa followed with a 123%jump over the period.In 2021,the continent reached 249GW of capacity,up from 111GW in 2006,Angola,Ethiopia and Rwanda are among the African nations that saw their installed capacity grow most over the period.Europe and North America were the regions that have gro

62、wn least since 2006.These regions saw their power matrixes grow by just 40%and 44%,respectively.Asia and Africas capacity has grown fastest in the past 15 years+191%2006-2021 growth:+44%+40%+123%+117%+90%1.3 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.6 3.8 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3

63、1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.8 5.0 5.3 5.5 5.8 6.0 6.4 6.6 6.9 7.2 7.5 7.9 0123456782006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021TWAfricaMiddleEastCentral&SouthAmericaEuropeNorthAmeric

64、a&CaribbeanAsia-Pacific15September 21,2022Source:BloombergNEFShare of global installed capacity by region or country2021 reaffirmed the Asia-Pacific regions role in the global power mix and the region now is home to 49%of global installed capacity.As of year-end 2021,APAC totaled 3.8TW installed,wit

65、h China accounting alone for 30%of the total global.The countrys capacity has more than doubled over a decade,from 1.1TW in 2012 to 2.3TW in 2021.Apart from Asia,all other regions broadly held their shares 2020-2021 with Europe and North America remaining the second largest regions for installed cap

66、acity,accounting for 20%each.However,these were also the only two regions to see their shares of capacity drop sharply since 2006,when each accounted for 27%of global capacity.Despite being home to 16%of the worlds population,Africa has just 3%of installed global capacity.This share has remained sta

67、ble over the past 15 years.Asia is home to nearly half of global installed capacity 49%15%16%18%19%20%21%22%22%24%25%25%26%27%28%29%30%18%18%18%17%17%17%17%18%18%18%18%18%18%19%19%19%28%27%27%26%26%26%25%25%24%23%22%21%21%21%20%20%27%27%26%25%24%24%23%23%22%22%21%21%21%20%20%20%5%5%5%5%5%5%5%5%5%5%5

68、%5%5%5%5%5%4%4%4%4%5%5%5%5%5%5%5%5%5%5%4%4%2006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021ChinaAsia-Pacific(excl.China)EuropeNorth America&CaribbeanCentral&South AmericaMiddle East16September 21,2022Fossil fuels dominate Africas power matrix with natural gas accounting for 41%capaci

69、ty installed,followed by coal with 22%.Renewables(including large hydro)have consistently grown over the decade and now account for 23%of the continents total capacity.Solar jumped from just 0.3GW in 2012 to 14GW in 2021,while wind grew from 1.2GW to 8GW over the period.Africas total installed capac

70、ity is heavily concentrated in five countries,which are also home to five of the six highest electrification rates on the continent.South Africa,Egypt,Algeria,Nigeria and Morocco account for 69%of the regions power matrix at 172GW.Solar has the potential to close Africas electrification rate gap as

71、around three quarters of the Sub-Saharan Africa(SSA)population still lacks access to reliable electricity.BNEFs 2020 New Energy Outlook projects that solar in SSA could reach 55GW in 2030 and over 400GW in 2050.However,to allow PV to flourish,financial and regulatory barriers must be addressed.Afric

72、a installed capacity by technologyAfrica installed capacity by marketFossil fuels predominate in Africa but are concentrated in five countriesSource:BloombergNEF47 51 54 62 69 77 93 98 100 102 44 44 45 46 47 49 52 53 54 55 26 27 27 30 30 31 32 32 35 36 30 32 32 31 33 35 30 31 30 29 10 14 153 161 167

73、 179 191 206 223 233 242 249 0501001502002503002012201320142015201620172018201920202021GWNatural GasCoalHydroOil&DieselOther-fossilSolarWindNuclearBiomass&WasteGeothermal46 46 47 49 52 55 57 59 62 63 29 31 32 36 40 46 55 59 59 60 13 15 16 17 19 19 21 22 22 24 12 12 13 13 14 14 14 14 48 50 53 57 60 6

74、4 66 69 74 77 153 161 167 179 191 206 223 233 242 249 0501001502002503002012201320142015201620172018201920202021GWSouth AfricaEgyptAlgeriaNigeriaMoroccoOther countries17September 21,2022Source:BloombergNEF.Note:Share of global capacity additions excluding retirements.Share of global capacity additio

75、ns by technologyNew power-generating capacity added globally set a new record in 2021 at 364GW.This was up 7%from 339GW in 2020,and up 41%from 257GW added in 2012.Solar was 50%of all capacity added,followed by wind at 25%.PV additions in 2021 were 25.5%larger than those in 2020.Wind saw a 7.5%declin

76、e compared to the year prior.Renewables(including hydro)comprised 85%of total capacity additions.This was up from just 46%in 2012.Coals contribution to year-on-year growth was lowest at 4%.Natural gas accounted for 11%of new capacity in 2021,up from 8%in 2020.Solar was half of all capacity installed

77、 in 202146%36%30%29%35%32%22%25%25%27%17%10%18%9%4%21%21%28%31%15%20%22%21%16%13%18%23%12%8%11%14%17%13%10%13%13%20%13%11%11%6%6%8%7%10%16%19%15%17%18%14%18%22%17%19%17%22%29%25%4%4%7%12%12%17%17%20%25%36%36%41%43%50%200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021CoalNatural GasHydroWin

78、dSolarNuclearOil&DieselBiomass&WasteOther-fossilGeothermal18September 21,2022Together,wind and solar accounted for 75%of capacity added globally in 2021.Net additions of these technologies totaled 272GW,up from 77GW in 2012 when they were 30%of the total.Steep drops in costs have spurred the massive

79、 growth of these technologies.Wind and solar are now the cheapest sources of new bulk power generation in countries that make up two-thirds of world population and three-quarters of global GDP.Fossil fuels net capacity additions as a share of all new build slumped to their lowest level ever in 2021

80、at 14%.Coal led the decline.It slid to 13GW added compared to 82GW in 2012 and 52MW in 2019.Natural gas was the top fossil fuel added in 2021,accounting for 11%of total build,up 41%from 2020.Global share of net capacity additionsGlobal year-on-year capacity changeWind and solar were three quarters o

81、f all capacity added globally in 2021Source:BloombergNEFAll renewablesWind&solarFossil fuels75%14%86%0%20%40%60%80%100%20122013201420152016201720182019202020218355677082482952315255564639506834273934493631342727453349635352506297903242465675101107119145182-27-2080180280380201220132014201520162017201

82、8201920202021GWCoalNatural GasHydroWindSolarNuclearOil&DieselBiomass&WasteOther-fossilGeothermal19September 21,2022Developed countries shuttered 21GW of coal capacity in 2021,the most ever in a single year.Fossil fuels net additions in developed countries collapsed in 2021,totaling just 3%of new bui

83、ld compared to 30%as recently as 2017.Natural gas accounted for just 3GW,compared to 12GW in 2020.Developed nations could see coal retirements slow in 2022.As European nations have struggled with droughts and gas supply cuts from Russia,coal has become a short-term crutch to meet energy needs.As res

84、ult,many nations have delayed coal phase-out plans and even restarted capacity that had been mothballed.Across all technologies,a record 86GW of new capacity was added in wealthy nations in 2021.Wind accounted for the second most added technology at 32GW.Renewables,including hydro,totaled 106GW.Deve

85、loped markets share of net capacity additionsDeveloped markets year-on-year capacity change2021 was a record for coal retirements in developed marketsSource:BloombergNEFWind&solarFossil fuels94%30%3%97%0%20%40%60%80%100%2012201320142015201620172018201920202021All renewables-11-9-8-11-212320161810122

86、1211012-92514182419241924313225242630302733445871-29-40-200204060801001202012201320142015201620172018201920202021GWBiomass&WasteCoalGeothermalHydroNatural GasOil&DieselOther-fossilWindSolarNuclear20September 21,2022Developing markets added 70GW of fossil fuel capacity to their grids in 2021.At 34GW,

87、coal additions dropped to their lowest level ever,but remained significant.Net additions from natural gas bounced back to 36GW in 2021,up from 15GW the year prior.With solar and wind taking the lead,developing markets have added more capacity than ever.These nations saw a 13%growth in net additions

88、in one year to 278GW in 2021.Solar set a new record at 111GW,27%more than in 2020.Wind followed with 57GW added in 2021.Developing markets share of net capacity additionsDeveloping markets year-on-year capacity changeCoal and gas were a quarter of capacity additions in developing marketsSource:Bloom

89、bergNEFWind&solarAll renewables62%26%74%0%20%40%60%80%100%2012201320142015201620172018201920202021Fossil fuels86667174875338614334323838362728462415364834293017172523202031383328303866571920264574747587111-2030801301802302802012201320142015201620172018201920202021GWCoalNatural GasHydroWindSolarOil&D

90、ieselBiomass&WasteNuclearOther-fossilGeothermal21September 21,2022Ten countries were responsible for 85%of all solar capacity added in 2021 and 80%of all capacity added over 2012-2021.China,the US and India led both in 2021 and over the past decade.The three nations alone were 57%of global capacity

91、added 2012-2021.New solar markets are emerging quickly as enabling policy frameworks improve.Brazil and Vietnam are developing nations where solar has boomed in recent years.Brazils net metering policy brought 10GW of distributed PV capacity online from 2019 through 2021.Vietnams feed-in tariff led

92、to nearly 20GW of new utility-scale and small-scale solar.Top 10 countries for solar capacity additions,2021Top 10 markets for solar capacity additions,2012-2021Solar growth is concentrated in a limited number of marketsSource:BloombergNEF.Note:Graphs show net capacity additions.68.624.512.47.26.45.

93、95.14.64.43.9ChinaUSIndiaBrazilJapanGermanyAustraliaSpainSouth KoreaPolandGW3311157360352221201917ChinaUSJapanIndiaGermanyAustraliaSouth KoreaVietnamBrazilSpainGW22September 21,2022Wind installations are concentrated in a relatively small number of nations,with the top ten countries accounting for 8

94、9%of the global capacity additions in 2021.China alone represented 47%of all wind build in 2021 and 40%of global cumulative wind installed capacity as year-end 2021.The US,the second biggest market for wind,accounted for 17%of the total added in 2021.It installed 15GW last year,8%less than in 2020.V

95、ietnam followed with 3.5GW in 2021,representing 4%of all wind capacity added in the year.Top 10 countries for wind capacity additions,2021Top 10 markets for wind capacity additions,2012-202189%of wind capacity is located in10 countriesSource:BloombergNEF.Note:Graphs show net capacity additions.42.21

96、5.13.52.52.42.31.81.81.81.5ChinaUSVietnamSwedenGermanyBrazilTurkeyNetherlandsAustraliaIndiaGW27092352418171110109ChinaUSGermanyIndiaUKBrazilFranceSwedenTurkeyCanadaGW23September 21,2022China and India continue to lead in the building of new coal-fired power generating capacity.The two countries acco

97、unted for 83%of new coal additions in 2021.China alone added 414GW of coal 2012-2021,or 62%of the total global,while India installed 107GW over the same period.Despite the high numbers,both nations are slowing their coal build.Chinas 2021 additions represented less than half of what the country inst

98、alled at the beginning of the decade and dropped 18%from what it installed in 2020.Six other Asian markets are among top 10 countries for coal additions in 2021,representing 14%of the total.Vietnam,Philippines,Uzbekistan,Pakistan,Indonesia and Japan added together 5.7GW last year.Top 10 countries fo

99、r coal capacity additions,2021Top 10 countries for coal capacity additions,2012-2021Asia markets dominate coal additions Source:BloombergNEF.Note:Graphs show net capacity additions.29.13.73.10.80.70.70.70.40.20.1ChinaIndiaVietnamSouth AfricaPhilippinesUzbekistanPakistanIndonesiaBulgariaJapanGW414 10

100、7 21 21 13 8 8 7 6 6 ChinaIndiaVietnamIndonesiaSouth KoreaTurkeySouth AfricaPhilippinesUkraineJapanGW24September 21,2022Source:BloombergNEFCountries with 1MW installed per year,2012-2021In 2021,112 countries installed at least 1MW of solar capacity a new high.That is up 11%from the 101 nations in 20

101、20 and more than double the 55 countries in 2012.The modular nature of PV,along with steep equipment price declines over a decade explain the technologys proliferation.Wind also established a new record and is now the second most popular technology.53 markets added some capacity of the technology in

102、 2021,up from 44 in 2020.More countries added oil,gas and coal capacity in 2021 than in 2020.Gas was the fossil fuel technology installed in the greatest number of countries(42),followed by oil(24)and coal(15).Solar is quickly spreading to new markets5548626968241125342473015020406080100120SolarWind

103、GasHydroOilCoalNumber of markets25September 21,2022Source:BloombergNEF.Note:Map colored by which technology was most installed in 2021 alone.Depicts the percentage of nations that installed the most MW of each technology.It is based on country-level data for 136 countries but excludes countries that

104、 have not recorded any capacity additions.Solar includes small-scale PV.Most popular new power-generating technology installed,2021Renewables were the top choice in three quarters of the worlds marketsSolarWindHydroGeothermalBiomassCoalGasOilNuclearNo additions available2012202124%20%16%14%13%8%4%Mo

105、re countries than ever are making renewable energy technologies their top choice.In 2021,78%of the worlds nations installed more clean power(including hydro)than fossil-fueled power.That is up from 50%in 2012.Solar was the technology of choice in nearly half the worlds nations.In 2021,48%of countrie

106、s surveyed made solar their top choice.Hydro followed with 15%,down from 20%a decade earlier.In 2012,49%of the worlds nations added more fossil fuel technologies than any other power source.By 2021,that had fallen to 21%.Only one country made coal its top choice in 2021:the Philippines.48%15%13%13%8

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