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1、 White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies Jointly released by:White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies Authors AsiaInfo Technologies Institute for AI Industry Research,Tsinghua University China Telecom Research Institute China Mobile Research Institute China Unicom Research In

2、stitute China Broadcasting Network Mobile Network Co.,Ltd.Intel(China)Co.,Ltd.Cite This White Paper White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies,Ye Ouyang,Yaqin Zhang,Xiaozhou Ye,Yunxin Liu,Xidong Wang,Jie Sun,Yang Liu,Shoufeng Wang,Sen Bian,Yun Li,et al.July 2023.White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies Contents C

3、ontents.3 I.Preface.6 II.Global 6G Research Status.8 2.1 6G Vision and Requirements.8 2.2 6G Typical Scenarios.11 2.3 Overview of 6G Potential Key Technologies and Network Architectures.14 2.3.1 6G Potential Key Technologies.15 2.3.2 6G Potential Network Architecture.20 2.4 Influence of 6G Potential

4、 Key Technologies and Network Architectures on 6G OSS.24 III.Progress in Standardization of OSS-related Network Management27 3.1 3GPP Network Management Standards.28 3.2 ITU Network Management Standards.29 3.3 TMF Network Management Standards.30 3.4 ETSI Network Management Standards.32 3.5 O-RAN Net

5、work Management Standards.33 IV.Overall Vision of 6G OSS.35 V.6G OSS Technical Framework and Key Technologies.37 5.1 6G OSS Technical Route.37 5.2 12 6G OSS Potential Key Technologies.38 5.2.1 6G OSS Orchestration for Space-Air-Ground Integrated Network.38 5.2.2 6G OSS Management for 6G New Wireless

6、 Technologies.41 5.2.3 6G OSS Capability Opening.45 5.2.4 6G OSS Support for 6G Full-stack SBA.49 5.2.5 6G OSS Data Governance.51 5.2.6 6G OSS Hyperautomation.53 5.2.7 6G OSS Application in ESG.55 5.2.8 6G OSS Distributed Autonomous Cooperation based on Space-Air-Ground Integration and Joint Communi

7、cations and Sensing.58 5.2.9 6G OSS DTN.60 5.2.10 6G OSS Native Network Security.61 White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 5.2.11 6G OSS Management for Computing Native Network.62 5.2.12 6G OSS Native Intelligence.64 5.3 Summary of 6G OSS Technology Framework.67 VI.6G OSS Architecture and Functions.68 6

8、.1 6G OSS Functional Architecture.68 6.2 6G OSS Function Description.69 6.2.1 6G OSS Core Functions.69 6.2.2 Intent-driven Function.72 6.2.3 Automation Capability.74 6.2.4 Intelligence Capability.76 6.2.5 Digital Twin Capability.78 6.2.6 Data Management Function.81 6.2.7 Security and Trust Managemen

9、t Function.83 6.3 Typical Cases of 6G OSS.85 VII.Realization of 6G OSS.90 7.1 5G OSS.90 7.2 Evolution Route Towards 6G OSS.92 7.3 Direction of 6G OSS Standards Evolution.94 VIII.Summary and Prospect.99 Bibliography.101 White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies List of Figures Figure 2-1 Key Performance Req

10、uirements for 6G Networks.11 Figure 2-2 Vision for Distributed Autonomous 6G Network Architecture.21 Figure 2-3 Architecture of 6G Network with Native Intelligence.21 Figure 2-4 EU 5G PPP 6G Network Architecture.22 Figure 2-5 EU Hexa-X Intelligent 6G Network Architecture.22 Figure 2-6 Next G Network

11、 Architecture Based on Service and Distributed Non Access Stratum(NAS).23 Figure 5-1 6G OSS Technical Route.37 Figure 5-2 Three-dimensional and Flexible Network Orchestration of 6G OSS.39 Figure 5-3 API System of 6G OSS.47 Figure 5-4 6G OSS Data Governance Process.51 Figure 5-5 6G OSS Technical Fram

12、ework.67 Figure 6-1 6G OSS Functional Architecture.68 Figure 6-2 Automation Capability.74 Figure 6-3 Intelligence Capability.77 Figure 6-4 Digital Twin Capability.78 Figure 6-5 6G OSS Data Management.81 Figure 6-6 Joint Optimization of Communication,Sensing and Computing Performances.85 Figure 6-7 S

13、ervice Provisioning Process of 6G Space-Air-Ground Integrated Network.88 Figure 7-1 Evolution of 6G OSS implementation.93 Figure 7-2 Evolution from Existing Network Management Architecture to 6G OSS.98 White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 6 I.Preface With the continuous evolution of mobile communicati

14、on technology from 1G to 5G,mobile communication has penetrated into every aspect of production and life.In the 5G era,mobile communication system has transformed its role from providing communication services to empowering the digital and intelligent transformation in all kinds of industries.The 6t

15、h generation mobile communication system(6G),as a new generation of intelligent and integrated digital information infrastructure,will bring about breakthrough capabilities such as the integration of communication,sensing and computing,and the coverage of space,air,ground and sea.Characterized by ub

16、iquitous interconnection,inclusive intelligence,multi-dimensional perception,global coverage,green and low-carbon,native network security,etc.,6G will realize the transition from serving people and people-things communication to supporting the efficient connection of intelligent agents,and comprehen

17、sively leading the digital,intelligent and green transformation of the economy and the society.It is commonly expected in the industry that 6G will be commercially available in 2030 1.As major countries are working on 6G,the global 6G technology competition has kicked off.By the end of 2022,major in

18、ternational standardization organizations,industry organizations and research institutions have published more than 30 6G pre-research white papers.Major standardization organizations such as the International Telecommunication Union(ITU)and the Third Generation Partnership Project(3GPP)are expected

19、 to start 6G standardization in 2023.Currently,researches on 6G mainly focus on vision,requirements,typical service scenarios,potential key technologies and network architecture.There is a lack of forward-looking and systematic research on 6G Operation Support System(OSS),which is essential for the

20、network.OSS provides core support for mobile communication network.The main functions of 5G OSS include configuration management,service orchestration,performance management,fault management,and security management.Based on these functions,White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 7 data platforms and arti

21、ficial intelligence(AI)are introduced to achieve big data and network intelligentization for 5G networks 2.In terms of 6G,to achieve space-air-ground integrated networking,and joint communication,sensing and computing,6G OSS should provide integrated operation and maintenance(O&M)management of vario

22、us physical networks,such as ground cellular networks,satellite networks and high-altitude platform stations,and communication,sensing and computing resources,to support the technical evolution of the 6G basic networks.Given the current intelligence capability of 5G OSS,it is difficult to meet the r

23、equirements of a larger,more complex network system and the full life cycle management of planning,construction,optimization,maintenance and operation in 6G scenarios.6G OSS must realize the full autonomous O&M of the networks from end to end by fully realizing high-level automation,intelligence and

24、 digital twinning capability,thus supporting the operation of typical 6G business scenarios.6G OSS also needs to play a greater role in ESG(Environmental,Social,and Corporate Governance),and leverage the advantages of 6G in space-air-ground integrated networking,and joint communication,sensing and c

25、omputing,so that 6G will become a green,efficient and secure global digital infrastructure.Based on 5G OSS research and construction efforts by Asialnfo and industry-academia-research partners,this White Paper,through the analysis of 6G research status and OSS standardization research status,present

26、s the overall vision for OSS in 6G era,explores the potential key technologies and functional architecture of 6G OSS,and provides suggestions for the evolution from 5G OSS to 6G OSS.This White Paper is expected to provide useful ideas for the development the next generation mobile communication.Whit

27、e Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 8 II.Global 6G Research Status 2.1 6G Vision and Requirements As the global digital transformation continues to deepen,the network is profoundly influencing our production and life.By 2030,the requirements for balanced social services,scientific social governance,green

28、 social development,high-quality economic development and environmental sustainability will drive the transformation of mobile communication networks from communication infrastructure to digital infrastructure and promote the development from 5G Internet of Everything to 6G Intelligence of Everythin

29、g.Chinas IMT-2030(6G)Promotion Group has proposed the overall 6G vision of“intelligence of everything and digital twin”1:6G will be integrated with advanced computing,big data,AI,blockchain and other information technologies to become a fundamental element that brings convenience to life,empowers pr

30、oduction and promotes green development.All of the low-,medium-and high-spectrum resources will be leveraged to achieve seamless global space-air-ground coverage.Fully immersive interaction scenarios will be provided to support precise spatial interaction,and satisfy human interaction at the level o

31、f senses and even emotions and consciousness.Communication sensing and proliferation of intelligence will enhance traditional communication capabilities,and help to realize the digitization and intelligentization of physical entities in real environments.A new network featuring intelligent interconn

32、ection of human-machine-things and efficient intercommunication of intelligent agents will be built,with new functions such as native intelligence,multi-dimensional sensing,digital twinning,and native network security.Efficient and intelligent interconnection of people-people,people-things,and thing

33、s-things in the physical world will be realized to create a digital world that is ubiquitous and fine,real-time and trustworthy,and organically integrated.White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 9 The North American Next G Alliance report“Roadmap to 6G”identifies six audacious goals for the 6G vision 3:a

34、n emphasis on trust,security,and resilience under all conditions;enhancing Digital World Experiences to improve quality of life and create greater economic value;Cost Efficiency solutions;Distributed Cloud and Communications Systems built on virtualization technologies to increase flexibility,perfor

35、mance,and resiliency;AI-Native Future Network to enhance robustness,performance,and efficiencies of applications;and sustainability related to energy efficiency and the environment towards the goal of IMT carbon neutral by 2040.China Mobile,US Cellular and European Vodafone have pointed out in the M

36、obile Operators Next Generation Mobile Network(NGMN)Alliances White Paper“6G Drivers and Vision”4 to:introduce new human machine interfaces that extend the user experience across multiple physical and virtual platforms for a variety of use cases;use terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks to provid

37、e coverage across land,sea and sky;ensure cost and energy-efficient delivery of heterogeneous services for extremely diverse requirements under the stringent constraints of energy consumption and carbon emission limits,towards achieving the goals of sustainability and carbon neutrality;and identify

38、appropriate AI-based frameworks,with the objective of supporting value creation and delivery,resource allocation optimization,and sustainable deployment and operation,among others.The major communication device manufacturers have also released their views on the 6G network vision and requirements.Er

39、icsson proposes in a White Paper that the development of 6G is driven by the need for trusted networks,sustainable development,AI-enabled easy living,and the need for exploration of new and unknown applications,where the most typical application scenario is information interaction between the digita

40、l and physical worlds 5.In its 6G:The Next Horizon White Paper 6,Huawei holds that 6G will leap over connected people and things to connected intelligence,driving comprehensive digital transformation across vertical industries;Samsungs 6G vision is to provide a higher-order connected experience for

41、humans and machines,including immersive XR services,as well as high-fidelity and digital twin services 7;and Nokia believes that 6G will extend and transform existing network White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 10 capabilities and converge the human,physical,and digital worlds to unleash our innate h

42、uman potential.8 The global academic community is also actively involved in the research and exploration of the 6G vision and requirements.In 2019,University of OULU first identified ubiquitous wireless intelligence as a key vision for 6G in its publication“Key drivers and research challenges for 6G

43、 ubiquitous wireless Intelligence”9.In 2020,University of SURREY proposed to take supporting the integration of physical and virtual worlds and achieving ubiquitous coverage as a new strategic vision for 6G 10.In the same year,Southeast University,together with ShanghaiTech University,University of

44、Southampton and other research institutions in China and other countries,jointly published“6G Research White Paper”11,proposing the development vision for 6G wireless communication network of“full coverage,full spectrum,full application and strong security”:space-air-ground-sea integrated network to

45、 provide deep global coverage;utilization of full spectrum resources including sub-6 GHz band,millimeter wave,Terahertz,and optical band to provide higher data transmission rate.efficient integration of AI with 6G wireless communication network to achieve better network management and automation and

46、 improve the performance of next-generation networks;strong or native network security including security at physical and network layers.In summary,a preliminary consensus on 6G vision has been reached globally.6G will go beyond connectivity to achieve the deep integration of cyberspace with human s

47、ociety,the physical world with the digital world through its feature of full spectrum,full coverage,security and reliability,energy conservation and proliferation of intelligence.6G typical deployment scenarios will feature high traffic,high density,high mobility,high precision,high intelligence,and

48、 wide coverage,respectively.The key performance requirements for 6G in a typical deployment scenario will mainly cover experience rate,peak rate,traffic density,air interface latency,synchronization and jitter,connection number density,mobility,reliability,coverage,sensing/location accuracy,AI servi

49、ce accuracy,etc.,to meet the key performance requirements such as Gbps experience rate,White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 11 10 million connections per second,sub-millisecond latency,99.99999%reliability,centimeter-level sensing accuracy,and intelligence accuracy beyond 90%12.Figure 2-1 Key Performa

50、nce Requirements for 6G Networks 2.2 6G Typical Scenarios The discussion of global communication standardization and industry organizations for typical scenarios of 6G has gradually made it clear that 6G will further expand new scenarios that address new demands and technologies based on continuousl

51、y enhancing the three typical scenarios of 5G,including:enhanced Mobile Broadband(eMBB),Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication(uRLLC)and Massive Machine Type Communication(mMTC).New features such as inclusive intelligence services and joint communications and sensing will also be incorporated into

52、 the scenarios of 6G 13,14.Ultra wireless broadband,will be the evolution and expansion of enhanced Mobile Broadband(eMBB),which will encompass more diverse human-computer interaction to provide seamless coverage anywhere in the world in addition to significantly enhanced human-centric immersive com

53、munication experience.Typical applications include immersive XR and holographic communication,remote multisensory presentation and interconnection,and industrial robot haptic feedback and control.In addition,independent support from voice services is an integral part of immersive White Paper on 6G O

54、SS Technologies 12 communication.The scenario will feature extremely high data rates,lower latency and greater system capacity.It covers all types of deployment scenarios from dense urban hotspots to rural areas.These scenarios will be more demanding for peak rates,user experience rates,system capac

55、ity,and spectral efficiency.Due to the extremely high sampling density of environmental data,reliable computing on the network will be used to load computationally complex processing and rendering,or to remotely access rendered images in real time.In addition,6G networks need to provide low latency

56、and high stability to guarantee user experience.Extremely reliable communication will provide enhanced capabilities based on Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication(URLLC),including communications with stringent requirements for transmission reliability and availability,such as extreme URLLC(time s

57、ensitivity,trust,etc.)beyond IMT-2020.The scenario is also used for services beyond connectivity,such as reliable computing,precise location or characterization of connected or unconnected objects,data distribution,AI-native RAN design,and other network platform functions,with requirements for other

58、 properties such as data rate,latency,jitter sensitivity,power limitations,and device connection density varying depending on the use case under consideration.For some applications,it is critical to be capable of providing predictable performance differences.Typical applications include those in the

59、 fields of robot collaboration,swarms of drones and various human-machine real-time interactive operations,autonomous driving,remote medical operation,smart energy and smart home.Such applications generally require lower latency and higher reliability.Applications for machine cooperative interaction

60、 also require more stringent deterministic metrics such as jitter,time synchronization,and stability.This requires the networks to be able to provide both medium-and high-speed data transmission and ultra-high-accuracy locating capabilities.Ultra-large-scale connection will enhance Massive Machine T

61、ype Communication(mMTC)in 5G,expand new application fields and capability boundaries,with a focus on IoT and mobile broadband connection capacity.A large number of sensor deployments not only require a large number of connections,but also a wide coverage White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 13 in vari

62、ous geographical distribution.In addition,extended battery life,enhanced network coverage and low cost are key factors to be taken into account.The objects connected in ultra-large scale will include various types of devices and a large number of sensors for smart cities,smart transport,smart agricu

63、lture,and smart manufacturing,etc.They interact with the physical world through modeling,deduction and decision making based on digital twin technologies,and may need the capabilities to support high-accuracy locating,high reliability and low latency.Compared with 5G,which only supports low-rate tra

64、nsmission of large-scale devices,6G ultra-large-scale connected devices will support transmission rates ranging from low to high,with significantly differentiated business requirements,requiring the network to provide diverse and flexible performance support.Inclusive intelligence services are a new

65、 typical scenario added to 6G.Intelligence services are new transcendent communication services provided by future IMT networks to support AI-driven applications and in-device AI functions.It features the integration of AI-native functions into future IMT networks and applications to provide joint c

66、ommunication and AI arithmetic for intelligent services that require efficient distributed intelligent learning or inference by relying on the network,improve the overall performance and efficiency of the network,enable complex AI training and inference tasks to be performed together with a large nu

67、mber of intelligent agents in the network,and enable native AI in the network by building AI/ML tools into each layer of the network.AI also requires reliable computing,distributed learning and inference capabilities,versatility,and availability.In addition,achieving native and trusted network secur

68、ity and data privacy protection is also an important goal and basic condition for this scenario.Joint communication and sensing is a new typical scenario added to 6G.The integration of sensing and communication will provide diversified capabilities such as high-accuracy locating,environment reconstr

69、uction,imaging and so on,which will greatly promote the demand for ultra-high resolution and accuracy applications,such as ultra-high-accuracy locating,high-resolution real-time wireless map construction,device-White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 14 based or even device-free passive target locating,e

70、nvironment reconstruction and monitoring,and gesture and action recognition.This scenario adds new requirements in performance dimension,such as sensing resolution,sensing accuracy,and detection probability for distance,speed,and angle,and the index requirements vary from application to application.

71、2.3 Overview of 6G Potential Key Technologies and Network Architectures In order to achieve the vision of intelligent connection of“people,physical world and digital world”and meet the extreme performance requirements for 6G,research institutions have proposed 23 potential key technologies for 6G ne

72、tworks 1,3.In this White Paper,the potential key technologies are divided into four categories according to the type of technology.6G wireless technology:Terahertz communications technology,visible light communications technology,dynamic spectrum sharing technology,ultra-massive MIMO technology,dela

73、y Doppler domain OTFS waveform technology,advanced modulation and coding technology,full duplex technology,non-orthogonal multiple access technology,semantic communication technology,reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)technology,intelligent holographic radio(IHR)technology,and orbital angular mo

74、mentum(OAM)technology.6G network technology:Space-air-ground integrated networking technology,deterministic network technology,distributed autonomous network technology,programmable network technology,service-based RAN technology.6G convergence technology:Joint communications and sensing technology,

75、network native AI technology,digital twin network(DTN)technology,and computing network technology.6G security technology:Native network security technology,blockchain RAN technology.White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 15 2.3.1 6G Potential Key Technologies 6G Wireless Technologies 6G wireless technol

76、ogies include Terahertz communications technology,visible light communications technology,delay-Doppler domain OTFS waveform technology,ultra-massive MIMO technology,reconfigurable intelligent surface technology,intelligent holographic radio technology,etc.Terahertz communications technology can be

77、a useful supplement to existing air interface transmission modes,and mainly applied in potential application scenarios such as holographic communication,ultra-large capacity data backhauling,and short-range ultra-high-speed transmission.Meanwhile,high-accuracy locating and high-resolution sensing wi

78、th the help of Terahertz communications signals are also important application directions 1.Visible light transmission refers to the high-speed communication mode using 400 THz to 800 THz ultra-wide spectrum,featuring no authorization,high confidentiality,green and no electromagnetic radiation.Visib

79、le light communications technology is more suitable for indoor application scenarios,and can an effective supplement to indoor network coverage 1.Delay-Doppler Domain OTFS Waveform technology migrates the digital domain processing and analysis of signals from the time-frequency domain to the delay D

80、oppler domain,exploits the sparsity of the delay Doppler channel for signal processing and analysis,and obtains the time-frequency domain diversity gain of the transmitted signal against Doppler-induced inter-carrier interference through the conversion from the delay Doppler domain to the time-frequ

81、ency domain,which is expected to improve the transmission rate in 6G high mobility scenarios 7.Ultra-massive MIMO technology is a further evolution of MIMO technology.With the continuous scale-up of antenna array driven by higher degree of antenna and chip integration,ultra-massive MIMO technology c

82、an achieve higher spectral efficiency,wider and more flexible network coverage,higher location accuracy and higher energy White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 16 efficiency in a more diverse frequency ranges.Moreover,distributed ultra-massive MIMO helps to build ultra-large scale antenna array,so that

83、 the network architecture approaches the cell-free amorphous network,which in turn helps to achieve uniform and consistent user experience,obtain higher spectral efficiency and reduce the transmission energy consumption of the system15.Reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)technology achieves signa

84、l propagation direction modulation,signal enhancement or interference suppression in three-dimensional space using programmable new subwavelength two-dimensional metamaterials through software-based active control of the radio propagation environment,which can be applied to scenarios such as high-fr

85、equency coverage enhancement,local void overcoming,enhancement of rates for users at the cell edge,green communication,electromagnetic environment sensing assistance and high-accuracy locating 7.Intelligent holographic radio(IHR)achieves dynamic reconstruction and real-time precise regulation of ele

86、ctromagnetic space using the holographic interference principle of electromagnetic waves.It will also realize the mapping from radio frequency holography to optical holography with ultra-high resolution spatial multiplexing capability.The main application scenarios include ultra-high capacity and ul

87、tra-low latency radio access,as well as high-accuracy locating,precise wireless power supply and data transmission of massive IoT devices 14.In addition to the five technologies mentioned above,semantic communication technology,dynamic spectrum sharing technology,advanced modulation and coding techn

88、ology,full duplex technology,non-orthogonal multiple access technology,and orbital angular momentum technology are also potential key wireless technologies for 6G.Furthermore,wireless network cloudification is also one of the crucial evolution directions for 6G,which can satisfy the diverse requirem

89、ents of 6G wireless network,including deep integration of communication,perception,computation,and artificial intelligence.Wireless network cloudification serves as a fundamental technological underpinning to build open,flexible,and high-performance 6G wireless network.White Paper on 6G OSS Technolo

90、gies 17 6G network technologies The potential key network technologies for 6G mainly include space-air-ground integrated networking technology,service-based radio network technology,distributed autonomous network technology,etc.Space-air-ground integrated networking technology integrates terrestrial

91、 network,satellites(high,medium and low earth orbit satellites)at different orbital altitudes and aircrafts at different airspaces to become an integrated satellite-terrestrial mobile information network,which achieves permanent coverage of urban hotspots through terrestrial network and on-demand co

92、verage of remote areas,sea and air using space-based and air-based networks,with outstanding advantages such as flexible networking and resilience against destruction 15.Service-based wireless network technology decouples traditional integrated single base stations into control plane and user plane

93、services,realizes interaction and capability opening between functional services through service-based interfaces,provides more flexible or streamlined network service capabilities in an on-demand combination,and helps improve the network adaptability to the entire industry16.Distributed autonomous

94、network technology includes the 6G network architecture including the access network and core network.For the access network,a simple architecture aiming to reduce processing latency and a flexible architecture with on-demand capabilities should be designed,demand-driven intelligent control mechanis

95、ms and radio resource management researched,and software-based and service-oriented design concepts introduced;for the core network,a distributed,decentralized,and autonomous network mechanism is needed for flexible and universal networking.Distributed autonomous network architecture involves variou

96、s key technologies covering,for example,decentralized and user-centric control and management,demand-driven lightweight access network architecture,intelligent control mechanisms and radio resource management design 14.White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 18 In addition,deterministic network technolog

97、y and programmable network technology are also potential key network technologies for 6G.6G Convergence Technology Currently,there are four potential 6G convergence technologies,namely joint communications and sensing technology,network native AI technology,DTN technology,and computing-aware network

98、 technology.Joint communications and sensing technology is designed to enable two separate but mutually beneficial functions,radio communication and radio sensing,in the same system.On the one hand,communication systems can use the same spectrum or even multiplex hardware or signal processing module

99、s to complete different types of sensing services.On the other hand,the sensing results can be used to aid communication access or management,thus improving service quality and communication efficiency.Joint communications and sensing technology obtains basic characteristics(such as form,material,di

100、stance and mobility)of environmental objects through collecting and analyzing scattered and reflected communication signals,and achieves different functions such as locating and imaging by virtue of classical algorithms or AI algorithms 14,17.Network native AI technology renders AI models native to

101、mobile communication system and presents a new intelligent network technology system through wireless architecture,wireless data,wireless algorithms and wireless applications.6G network native AI can be divided into new air interfaces with native intelligence and new network architectures with nativ

102、e intelligence.The new air interfaces with native intelligence will break the modular design framework of existing air interfaces to achieve deep mining and utilization of multi-dimensional characteristics of radio environment,resources,interference,businesses and users and achieve autonomous operat

103、ion and self-evolution of the network.The new network architectures with native intelligence,using the communication,computing and sensing capabilities of network nodes and through distributed learning,group intelligence collaboration and cloud-edge-terminal White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 19 int

104、egration algorithm deployment,enables 6G network to natively support various AI applications and builds a new ecology and user-centric business experience 18,19,20.Digital twin network(DTN)is a network system that has a physical network entity and a virtual twin capable of real-time interactive mapp

105、ing 21.In this system,various network management and applications can make use of the virtual twin of the network built by virtue of digital twin technology to efficiently analyze,diagnose,simulate and control the physical network based on data and models.At the same time,DTN service,as a new networ

106、k service,is a twin service that provides end-to-end or partial network functions for the industry,which accelerates mobile network innovation,reduces the R&D cost and shortens the R&D cycle of telecom industry.The DTN platform can help achieve more secure,intelligent,efficient,and visualized intell

107、igent 6G networks by interacting data in real time between the physical and digital networks which influence each other 22.Computing-aware network technology connects and cooperates with the diverse cloud-edge-terminal computing resources through networking,realizing the deep integration and coopera

108、tive sensing of computing and the network,and achieving on-demand scheduling and efficient sharing of computing power services.The management and control system of the computing-aware network will extend from the network to the terminal side.Through the business perception of application layer via n

109、etwork layer,a new terminal-edge-cloud integrated network architecture will be built to realize the indiscriminate delivery and automatic matching of computing resources,and intelligent network scheduling,and to solve the problems of multi-party collaboration relationship and operation mode in the c

110、omputing-aware network.6G Security Technologies The architecture of 6G native network security technology should be based on a more inclusive trust model that is resilient and covers the full life cycle of the 6G network,and natively carries a more robust,intelligent and scalable security mechanism.

111、It involves multiple security technology directions:6G security architecture and key technologies that integrate computer networks,mobile communication networks and White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 20 satellite communication networks,and support native network security and security dynamic empower

112、ment;key technologies for security collaboration among terminals,edge computing,cloud computing and 6G network that support multi-mode trust architecture with coexistence of heterogeneous converged networks of centralized,decentralized and third-party trust modes;cryptographic application technologi

113、es and key management systems that fit the characteristics of 6G wireless communication,such as quantum security cryptography,approximating Shannon one-time pad and key security distribution technology,etc.;theories and key technologies for monitoring and privacy computing of large-scale data flow,h

114、igh-throughput and high-concurrency data encryption and decryption and signature verification,which are easy to scale,easy to manage,with blockchain basic capabilities for guaranteeing security and privacy;access control model and mechanism for topology high dynamic and wide area information sharing

115、,and isolation and exchange key technologies 17.Blockchain radio access network(B-RAN)is a decentralized and trusted radio access paradigm supported by blockchain technology.Blockchain radio access network can create trusted physical links between service providers and customers while supporting spe

116、ctrum sharing,cooperative transmission,multi-hop data transmission,and device-to-device communication.Thanks to its distributed property,blockchain radio access network can inherently support the cutting-edge federated learning,to deliver intelligent services to the entire network through the integr

117、ation and coordination of communication,computing,caching and control units by leveraging network effects and attracting more participants 23.2.3.2 6G Potential Network Architecture With the deepening of research and exploration on key technologies for 6G,global 6G promotion organizations have put f

118、orward proposals for the evolution of 6G network architecture.Chinas IMT-2030 proposes a distributed autonomous 6G network architecture 24,as shown in the figure below.The distributed and customized 6G network architecture can White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 21 not only resist DDoS attacks and re

119、duce the risk of single point of failure,but provide customized policies for each user.The decentralized user and data management mode also enables end-users to own and control their personal digital assets,provides DaaS and,provides AIaaS based on network AI with native intelligence.At the same tim

120、e,IMT-2030 proposes an architecture framework for 6G network with native intelligence,including heterogeneous resource layer,function and orchestration management layer and capability opening layer in sequence from bottom up,aiming to build an intelligent network with intelligent interconnection of

121、human-machine-things and efficient communication between intelligent agents,and finally realize the overall 6G vision of“intelligence of everything and digital twin”.Figure 2-2 Vision for Distributed Autonomous 6G Network Architecture Figure 2-3 Architecture of 6G Network with Native Intelligence Wh

122、ite Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 22 The EU 5G PPP Architecture Working Group proposes an end-to-end 6G network architecture that includes infrastructure,network services and applications,as shown in the figure below,mainly following the principles of capability opening,AI-based automation,flexible t

123、opology,scalability,resilience and availability,service-oriented opening interfaces,and decoupling and simplification of network functions.At the same time,the EU has launched the Hexa-X 6G wireless network plan and proposed an intelligent 6G network architecture,highlighting the application of AI,m

124、achine learning and programmable technologies for 6G networks 25,26.Figure 2-4 EU 5G PPP 6G Network Architecture Figure 2-5 EU Hexa-X Intelligent 6G Network Architecture The Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions(ATIS)launched the North American Next G Alliance to promote North American

125、leadership in 6G and future mobile technologies,and proposed key technologies for 6G network architecture,White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 23 including non-terrestrial networks(NTN),mesh and sidechain RAN topology structures,network architecture based on service and distributed non access stratum(

126、NAS),network decoupling,distributed cloud platform,and application of AI/machine learning in network and devices,to accelerate the research and development,deployment and commercialization of 6G network technologies in the North American market 27.Figure 2-6 Next G Network Architecture Based on Serv

127、ice and Distributed Non Access Stratum(NAS)In addition to the major 6G promotion organizations,major operators and device manufacturers in the industry have also put forward their research ideas for 6G network architecture.The“three-body,four-layer and five-plane”overall architecture designed by Chi

128、na Mobile for 6G network includes three entities,namely network ontology,management and orchestration body,and digital twin.The logical layer of the network ontology is further divided into“four layers”,namely resources and computing power,routing and connection,service-based functions,and opening e

129、nablement.In addition,the functions of traditional control plane and user plane are enhanced,and new data plane,intelligence plane,and security plane are introduced to form the“five planes”16.In their joint White Paper 6G Common Requirements,SK Telecom and NTT docomo propose that Open RAN will becom

130、e the default form of 6G as well as higher requirements of network cloud-native and network automation functions for 6G 28.Huawei believes 6G network architecture should focus on network original AI,task-oriented connection,multi-mode trust architecture and user-centric customized services as the de

131、sign paradigm 6.Ericssons research on 6G network architecture focuses on the development of a new radio access network consisting of a“distributed radio,White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 24 computing and storage architecture”based on cell-free MIMO technology 5.Based on the first set of 5G computin

132、g-aware network full-stack software infrastructure products in the industry 29,30,AsiaInfo further proposes a computing native network architecture31 based on the joint communication,sensing and computing characteristics of 6G,with computing native network capable of using an intelligent communicati

133、on and computing scheduling orchestration decision mechanism to improve network system resource utilization and reduce 6G network energy consumption while guaranteeing the quality of 6G communication and computing business.2.4 Influence of 6G Potential Key Technologies and Network Architectures on 6

134、G OSS In addition to improving 6G network performance,potential key technologies and network architecture also put forward new requirements and challenges for the technology development and architecture evolution of 6G OSS,which can be summarized in the following five aspects:Requirements for improv

135、ing network operation capability for 6G new architectures and technologies Space-air-ground integrated networking technology requires 6G OSS to support network collaboration and convergence of air-based,space-based and ground-based networks and network orchestration of space-air-ground integrated ne

136、tworking.Technologies such as extra-large-scale MIMO and reconfigurable intelligent surface will enable a significant increase in the number of parameters related to wireless network communication business,while the dynamic regulation of RIS systems and the beamforming for the combination of RIS and

137、 MIMO bring a new optional dimension to the planning and optimization of network infrastructure coverage in 6G OSS.The service-based access network and distributed autonomous network technologies also require 6G OSS to support the network O&M for the full-stack service-based architecture and distrib

138、uted networking architecture of 6G core and access networks.Therefore,the breadth,dimension,and depth of 6G OSS are faced higher demands,posing a significant challenge to network operation complexity.White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 25 OSS native capability requirements for ubiquitous intelligent

139、6G networks:native intelligence,native network security and digital twin are potential key technologies for 6G networks,which also requires 6G OSS to have end-to-end management capabilities for network native intelligence,the native AI capabilities of the OSS itself,and DTN capabilities,to support t

140、he autonomous network evolution of network planning,construction,optimization,and maintenance,while 6G OSS itself needs to have native network security capabilities to ensure network data security,user privacy and provide the O&M support for network native security functions.How to achieve the trans

141、formation from network external artificial intelligence and security to endogeneity,and from network simulation to digital twins,is a key technical problem that 6G OSS must solve.Orchestration and management requirements for joint communication,sensing and computing business for 6G networks:joint co

142、mmunication,sensing and computing for 6G requires the networks to have physical-digital space sensing,ubiquitous intelligent communication and computing capabilities at the same time,and the network element(NE)devices in the network to realize the deep integration of multi-dimensional sensing,cooper

143、ative communication and intelligent computing functions through the collaboration and sharing of hardware and software resources for communication,sensing,and computing.This requires 6G OSS to have the orchestration and scheduling capabilities for the communication,sensing and computing resources ge

144、nerated by joint communication and sensing business and joint communication and computing business.The key challenges that must be addressed by 6G OSS orchestration management include effectively dealing with the exponentially increasing complexity in orchestrating objects,as well as integrating exi

145、sting piece partition to achieve seamless scheduling.Requirements for empowerment and social responsibility for 6G networks:IMT 2030 and 5G PPP Architecture Working Group put forward that 6G networks features including flexible opening capability,which requires unified service-based opening manageme

146、nt of network capabilities through 6G OSS,to realize on-demand flexible opening of 6G network capabilities and empower the digital and intelligent transformation of the industry.In addition,6G OSS also needs to support 6G networks to better perform social responsibilities in sustainable development

147、and public safety.White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 26 Requirements for convergence of 6G networks and new IT:6G network architecture and rich business types add to massive network data scale and network O&M complexity.As a result,6G OSS needs to combine data governance technology to improve data m

148、anagement efficiency and data application value and,by introducing RPA technology,fully realize the hyperautomation of 6G network planning,construction,maintenance,optimization and operation.In addition,6G OSS needs to support the evolution of 6G networks to full-stack service.Hence,6G OSS needs to

149、address the challenges arising from a more extensive array of technological advancements.White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 27 III.Progress in Standardization of OSS-related Network Management In June 2022,ITU-R WP5D released Future Technologies Trends Towards 2030 and Beyond,the ITUs first research

150、 report on 2030 and future IMT.The report covers key technology directions such as AI and wireless communication convergence,joint sensing and communication,wireless air interface technology enhancement(such as large-scale antennas,modulation coding and multi-access,and high-accuracy locating),new d

151、imensional wireless communication(such as reconfigurable intelligent surface),Terahertz communications,and wireless network architecture.In addition,the Working Group is preparing the Future Technology Vision Proposal,which contains the overall objectives of the IMT system for 2030 and the future,su

152、ch as application scenarios,and major system capabilities.3GPP will begin the work on 6G vision,technologies,and requirements study.The Rel-19 in 2023 will not only define new capabilities for 5G systems,but also provide guidance on the necessary capabilities of 6G systems.It is expected that 3GPP w

153、ill start the standardization of 6G technology in the second half of 2025(the 6G standard is expected to be completed in the first half of 2028),and 6G devices and products are expected to be available in the second half of 2028.The core role of OSS is to ensure network performance and improve the e

154、fficiency of network management,which is the focus area of major standardization organizations.In the past decades,3GPP,ITU,TMF,ETSI and O-RAN have continued to promote OSS-related standardization to meet the needs of operation,maintenance and management of communication networks at different stages

155、 of development.Combining the scope of work of different standardization organizations and the working principle of coordination and support,ITU,as an authoritative international standardization body for communication under the United Nations,focuses on the overall architecture and principles of net

156、work operation,maintenance and management.3GPP focuses on the specification for network-side element management function design and interface.ETSI White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 28 focuses on the specification for network management technologies based on network virtualization.O-RAN focuses on t

157、he new network management mode based on open RAN and its implementation path.TMF,an authoritative and professional international organization for telecom operation and management,systematically and comprehensively studies technologies and specifications in relation to business support and network op

158、eration management.3.1 3GPP Network Management Standards 3GPP SA5 is mainly responsible for the standardization study of 3GPP network management,including network operations,administration,maintenance and provisioning.The current 3GPP SA5 standard research in the Rel-18 phase focuses on three fields

159、,namely network intelligence and network automation,network management architecture and mechanisms,and new business support 32.The academic community has been focusing on using data analytics to provide the necessary support for network intelligence for many years.To support network intelligence,3GP

160、P introduced the network data analysis function(NWDAF)at the network function layer and the Management Data Analytics Service(MDAS)at the management layer.Network data analysis function(NWDAF),based on standardized service interfaces,provides on-demand,fast and accurate intelligent analysis services

161、 to 5GC/OAM/AF,supports flexible deployment in multiple scenarios,meets application requirements at different levels,enables 5G network functional entities,and realizes a low-cost and high-efficiency intelligent closed loop for operator networks.According to the R18 edition,NWDAF has been strengthen

162、ed and decoupled,with the logical analysis capability separated to Analytics Logical Function(AnLF)dedicated to data analysis,and supporting the invoking of machine learning models and capabilities and recalling of other NWDAF data through tree cascade for joint analysis.The machine learning models

163、and capabilities are centralized into Model Training Logical Function(MTLF)for unified management.In addition,the Data Collection Coordination Function(DCCF)has been enhanced as a standalone function for data collection,the Messaging White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 29 Framework which supports non

164、-3GPP standardization and the Messaging Framework Adaptor Function(MFAF)of 3GPP standard interface have been added,and the Analytics Data Repository Function(ADRF)for repository management of data analysis has been established.Management Data Analytics Service(MDAS)is a public MDA service that analy

165、zes the data in the management domain,supports data analysis within RAN or CN domain or across domains,and supports interfaces and interactions with NWDAF.MDAS can be used by a variety of consumers,such as MNF(i.e.,MnS service provider/consumer for network and service management),NFs(e.g.,NWDAF),SON

166、 functions,network and service optimization tools/functions,SLS assurance functions,human operators and AFs.According to the 3rd Generation Partnership Project(3GPP),the standardization process for 6G technology is expected to commence in the latter half of 2025(Rel-20),with the completion of 6G sta

167、ndards estimated to occur in the first half of 2028.Subsequently,it is anticipated that market-ready 6G devices will become available in the latter half of 202828.Looking ahead for the next five years,3GPP SA5 is poised to undertake cutting-edge research on various standardization topics related to

168、6G OSS,including but not limited to space-air-ground integrated network orchestration and joint communication,sensing,computing scheduling.3.2 ITU Network Management Standards The TMN(Telecommunications Management Network)standard,an international standard for telecommunications network management d

169、eveloped by ITU-T(International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication Standardization Sector)since 1985,is the most widely accepted foundational standard for telecommunication operation management,construction and operation.TMN has defined the interconnection point between two networks and speci

170、fied the related network management functions,and successively released a series of TMN recommendations including M.3010,M.3400 and X.700.The management of TMN consists of five layers,which are,from bottom to top:Network element layer(NEL),element management White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 30 lay

171、er(EML),network management layer(NML),service management layer(SML)and business management layer(BML),among which,the NEL is a managed layer and the other four layers are managing layers.ITU-T also delineates the five generic management functions provided by the network management system,namely FCAP

172、S(Fault,Configuration,Accounting,Performance and Security)as a complement to the TMN.ITU-Ts current standard research in network management mainly involves two research groups,ITU-T SG2 and ITU-T SG13.The former has proposed a series of standard development projects for AI-enhanced Telecom Operation

173、s Management(AITOM),while the latter has launched focus groups for the research of Autonomous Networks and Network 2030,respectively 34,35,36,37.Looking towards 2030,ITU-T SG13 has established the Focus Group on Technologies for Network 2030(FG NET-2030)in 2018-2020 to explore network requirements,e

174、nabling technologies,and the expected evolution of IMT-2020(5G)IMT systems for 2030 and beyond,as well as the new forward-looking scenarios that networks are expected to support for 2030 and beyond,such as holographic communications,extremely fast response in critical situations,and high-precision c

175、ommunication needs for emerging networks.At the same time,the projects for network O&M and management that meet the emerging needs and scenarios will also evolve on the basis of the existing architecture.3.3 TMF Network Management Standards TMF(Telecom Management Forum)is a worldwide organization de

176、dicated to providing strategic advices and implementation solutions for telecommunications operations and management.It is a global,non-profit association focused on operation support system(OSS)and management issues in the communications industry.Since its inception in 1988,its leading information

177、resources,knowledge and technology solutions have been widely recognized by the industry.The NG OSS(Next-Generation Operations Support Systems)function model proposed by TMF,which includes four framework models,i.e.White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 31 eTOM,TAM,SID and TNA,is widely accepted by inte

178、rnational telecom operators and device manufacturers as well as developers of telecom operation support systems,and has become a de facto international standard.With a view to meeting the new demands of the communications industry in the future,which is driven by the digital intelligence and feature

179、d by ubiquitous connectivity and false or true complement,TMF has launched the ODA(Open Digital Architecture).TMF ODA has used a new approach to replace traditional Operation Support System and Business Support System(OSS/BSS)to build software for the telecom industry,so that standardized cloud-nati

180、ve software components could go to market and communications service providers and vendors could invest in IT for new and differentiated services 38.TMF provides an evolutionary path towards a plug-and-play architecture that builds on the TMF Business Process Framework(eTOM),Information Framework(SI

181、D),open APIs,Data Analytics and AI,Customer Experience Management,and Digital Ecosystem Management and enables cloud-native plug-and-play IT and networking via standardized,reusable and software-defined components connected by open APIs.In terms of automation,the AIOps Service Management Framework p

182、ut forward by TMF is an evolution and supplement to the existing IT frameworks(DevOps,Agile,ITIL,etc.),in which some specific principles and practices are specified and introduced.It is suggested that a hybrid management for AI and traditional applications needs to be adopted and implemented in a co

183、mplex operation environment.The AIOps Service Management Framework addresses the technical and operational processes needed to deploy and integrate significant numbers of AI components and their relevant business capabilities into existing CSPs IT and Network operations.In terms of intelligence,“int

184、ent”is introduced in TMFs Autonomous Networks project to layout the requirements,goals and constraints of users,so that the system can adjust its operation accordingly and interact with users in different domains.In the lower and middle levels of the Autonomous Networks hierarchy(e.g.,L0 to L3),the

185、requirements,goals and constraints of users can be implemented using policy-driven operations and requirements carried on existing interfaces.Systems with higher levels of the White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 32 Autonomous Networks(e.g.,L4 to L5)will be capable of automatically adjusting its behav

186、ior through intent-driven interactions,thus reducing human intervention.This capability will enhance business agility by introducing new,customized service offerings that do not require human intervention 38.3.4 ETSI Network Management Standards ETSI project groups involving network operations manag

187、ement mainly include ETSI Zero-touch network and Service Management(ZSM),ETSI Network Function Virtualization(NFV),and ETSI Experiential Networked Intelligence(ENI).ETSI ZSM is working on the definition of a horizontal and vertical end-to-end operable architecture framework,solutions,and implementat

188、ion of core technologies to enable agile,efficient and qualitative management and automation of emerging and future networks and services.Horizontal end-to-end refers to cross-domain,cross-technology aspects.Vertical end-to-end refers to cross-layer aspects,from the resource-oriented layers to the c

189、ustomer-oriented layers.The goal is to have all operational processes and tasks(e.g.,delivery,deployment,configuration,assurance,and optimization)executed automatically,ideally with 100%automation 39.ETSI NFV is primarily responsible for addressing new functional and operational requirements brought

190、 about by advances in virtualization and cloud technologies,network management,orchestration,as well as new use cases(e.g.industry verticals)and operational models.Primarily,this includes virtualized network platforms that will be capable of supporting automated(and even autonomous)management of all

191、 application-independent aspects of virtualized services,ranging from the management of the virtualized resources they use to the management of the network functions they combine.NFV-defined MANO(network functions virtualization management and orchestration)is an architectural framework for managing

192、 and orchestrating virtualized network functions and supporting software components for deployment and connectivity on virtual machines 40.White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 33 ETSI ENI provides a model-based,policy-driven and context-aware ENI system to enable network intelligence.ENI allows the as

193、sociation of Designated Entity to be done directly or indirectly via an agent system.A Designated Entity can be an NMS,EMS,controller,or current or future management and orchestration systems.The ENI system is based on an experienced architecture and accumulates experience in accordance with the sel

194、f-learning principle to continuously improve operational efficiency,and enable the system to perform full-process closed-loop control over time from proposal to decision implementation.In addition to network automation,the ENI System assists decision-making of humans as well as machines to enable a

195、more maintainable and reliable system,and offers context-aware service that enables the operator to adjust the offering of services in response to contextual changes 41.3.5 O-RAN Network Management Standards O-RAN aims to build an open,virtualized and intelligent radio access network(RAN)architectur

196、e and a vibrant and competitive ecosystem which supports interoperation among different vendors and devices 42.Based on the traditional network architecture,O-RAN introduces the wireless network intelligent control platform,wireless intelligent manager and open and standardized interfaces at the edg

197、e of the network.O-RAN uses a three-tier architecture,which consists of,from the bottom to the top:Cloud platform(O-CLOUD),O-RAN network function,and the service management and orchestration(SMO)framework,among which,the SMO functions as an equivalent to the OAM or NMS for network operation and mana

198、gement subsystems of the traditional closed RAN access network device.Network intelligence is one of the four focus topics of O-RAN.The network management of O-RAN system is different from the traditional closed network management in that the O-RAN operation is highly intelligent and the network fun

199、ctions are service-oriented and customizable.Unlike the traditional solidified network management which is oriented to a single manufacturer,the network management provided by O-RAN is a Service that can be invoked,and SMO is the integration of White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 34 multiple manageme

200、nt services.In the O-RAN architecture,SMO mainly manages RAN domains,such as:FCAPS interface for O-RAN network functions,O-Cloud management and orchestration,workflow management and other functions and interfaces,as well as Non-Real Time RIC functions and interfaces for non-real-time RAN optimizatio

201、n intelligent control loops of over 1s.White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 35 IV.Overall Vision of 6G OSS On the basis of 6G vision and requirements,and taking into account the core support role of OSS for 6G networks,the overall vision for 6G OSS can be summarized into the following five aspects.Rea

202、lizing the Evolution from Monolithic/Single-Domain Network Management to Space-Air-Ground and Communication-Sensing-Computing Integrated Management The existing 5G OSS supports the management of mobile communication network and communication resources,and provides intelligent O&M for the full life c

203、ycle of 5G networks.6G OSS will extend from the management of mobile communication networks and communication resources to the integrated network management including terrestrial cellular networks,high-orbit satellite networks,medium-and low-orbit satellite networks,high altitude platform stations,U

204、AVs,and multi-dimensional resources including communication,sensing,and computing,providing ubiquitous communication,computing,and sensing support through three-dimensional management capabilities to improve the resource and energy utilization of 6G systems.Expanding from Intelligent Network Managem

205、ent to Automated,Intelligent and Digital-twin Network Management In 5G network operations management,the network and AI,as two general-purpose technologies,have improved network operation efficiency via network intelligence.Given complex 6G systems featuring space-air-ground integrated network and j

206、oint communication,sensing and computing,6G OSS needs to build comprehensive capabilities combining automation,intelligence and digital twin to meet the O&M requirements for the full life cycle(i.e.,planning,construction,maintenance,optimization and operation)in 6G and provide unprecedented experien

207、ce of digital 6G services.White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 36 Evolving from L5 5G Autonomous Networks to 6G OSS Ready Currently,the autonomous level of 5G networks is evolving towards the medium and high levels(L3 to L4),and is expected to reach the highest level(L5),i.e.,to have a full-scenario c

208、losed-loop mobile communication network autonomous capability across multiple services,multiple domains and full life cycle.On the basis of high-level autonomous network,6G OSS will,based on the integration of communication,sensing and computing,realize the native intelligence,and evolve towards the

209、 in-depth integration of total automation,high-level native intelligence and the network digital twin,expand the scope of autonomous space-air-ground integrated network,and realize the vision for 6G,i.e.,the intelligence of everything and the digital twin.Incorporating Environmental,Social,and Corpo

210、rate Governance(ESG)into 6G OSS Capability System The network energy consumption has come to the fore with the construction and development of 5G networks.As an information infrastructure,the existing mobile communication network may offer to some extent information security for ESG,but faces more e

211、xternal requirements from ESG.As a new type of information infrastructure,6G will incorporate ESG into 6G OSS capability system at the design phase,and based on the space-air-ground integrated network,the joint communication,sensing and computing and other global coverage capability and the green an

212、d low-carbon network construction,it will ensure that the 6G communication system will fulfill more ESG and public safety responsibilities and support the achievement of the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.Constructing a Secure and Trustworthy 6G OSS High security is an important feature

213、of 6G networks,which requires the construction of a new paradigm for native network security in cyberspace.As the core management support plane of 6G networks,6G OSS should make full use of automation,intelligence,digital twin capabilities and network orchestration,management and scheduling capabili

214、ties to construct a natively safe and secure OSS,so as to provide services and assurances for 6G networks and applications.White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 37 V.6G OSS Technical Framework and Key Technologies 5.1 6G OSS Technical Route 6G OSS is a network operations management system for future ne

215、tworks,the key technologies of which require comprehensive analysis from various aspects such as network requirements,system evolution and technology direction.As shown in Figure 5-1,the technical research idea for 6G OSS mainly consists of the following aspects:Key network operations management tec

216、hnologies required to support new technologies,architectures and services for 6G networks;Key technologies required to upgrade and extend functionality based on existing OSS standardized network operations management system;Key technologies for intelligent OSS network O&M that support network intell

217、igence and autonomous network evolution;Key ICT convergence technologies required to apply new IT to OSS.Figure 5-1 6G OSS Technical Route White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 38 5.2 12 6G OSS Potential Key Technologies 5.2.1 6G OSS Orchestration for Space-Air-Ground Integrated Network The 5G OSS netw

218、ork orchestration enables automated activation of 5G services.6G OSS will support the space-air-ground integrated network,realize the deep integration of air-based,space-based and ground-based networks,as well as the unified supply of networks,computing and storage resources,and provide information

219、services anywhere and anytime,in any way.In response to the requirement of the space-air-ground integrated network integration,in addition to horizontally connecting the services based on virtual network functions,6G OSS network orchestration is also required to realize the longitudinal connection o

220、f the space-air-ground integrated network domain,as well as the flexible scheduling of various resources such as network,computing,storage and data,so as to meet the requirements of the space-air-ground integrated network business.As shown in Figure 5-2,due to the significant differences in communic

221、ation performance,coverage and link quality of 6G space-air-ground nodes,as well as the three-dimensionality,diversity,time-varying nature and scalability of the integrated network,6G OSS network orchestration requires three-dimensional deployment and flexible scheduling of space-air-ground integrat

222、ed network functions and multi-dimensional resources to realize the integration and complementary advantages of space-air-ground integrated networks and improve the flexibility,effectiveness and timeliness of network orchestration,so as to meet the requirements of different application scenarios and

223、 business SLA requirements.White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 39 Figure 5-2 Three-dimensional and Flexible Network Orchestration of 6G OSS 6G OSS network orchestration collects the data of space-air-ground integrated network in a real-time or non-real-time manner,including various network resources,

224、spatial information,configuration parameters,network protocols,interfaces,routing,signaling,processes,performance,warnings,logs,status and other data information.It enables accurate understanding of users business requirements via intent-based network technology.Based on business understanding,colle

225、cted data,policy rules,operation manuals,expert experience,etc.,and by means of data+knowledge-driven AI capability,it recognizes real-time status of the network,predicts the trend of network status,network malfunction occurrence and location,and changes in service demand,etc.,forms network orchestr

226、ation decision for business SLA,and realizes end-to-end orchestration and control for space-air-ground integrated network functions and multi-dimensional resources.Enhanced Intent-Based Network Technology An accurate understanding of user intent is a prerequisite for network orchestration to meet bu

227、siness requirements.Users input their intent through natural language such as speech and text,and the intent-based network technology will transform the user intent input into a network intent expression model and design a policy.In the complex 6G space-air-ground integrated network environment,the

228、intent-based network is required not only to achieve translation of user intent into network expression,but also to accurately fill in the network policy templates and verify the intent and policy,which requires enhanced intent-based network technology from 6G OSS.Using a large White Paper on 6G OSS

229、 Technologies 40 multimodal pre-trained model represented by GPT-4 as the engine,this technology allows the network managers to learn about the network O&M policies with different requirements in a more efficient way by inputting a simple intent for O&M which goes through multiple rounds of interact

230、ion,and verify the realization of the intent based on the network data obtained after the network policy is issued.At the same time,the brain-computer interface,as a new way of control and communication,is important in the development of future-oriented science and technology innovation,and the appl

231、ication of brain-computer interface in enhanced intent-based network technology will gradually become possible.Through the brain-computer interface,users are no longer required to express their intents indirectly via speech and text,but directly through their brain consciousness,thus enabling more a

232、ccurate and efficient translation into network expression.Network Telemetry-based Real-time Data Collection Technology The space-air-ground integrated network is highly time-varying and dynamic,and has a high requirement for real-time data collection.Network telemetry-based technology remotely colle

233、cts data from physical or virtual NEs at high speed in real time to build a standard data model and supports continuous reporting with one subscription.The data collected is highly accurate and abundant in type,and can fully reflect the network condition.The network telemetry-based technology allows

234、 the OSS to manage more devices,and the data collection process has little impact on the function and performance of the network,which enables real-time,high-speed and more detailed monitoring of the network and provides a big data base for network orchestration.Intelligent Orchestration Technology

235、The space-air-ground integrated network orchestration is targeted at network nodes of multiple functional types and resource types.It performs functional abstraction and softwareization for the behaviors and capabilities of network devices to form virtual network functions,and virtualizes the networ

236、k,computing,storage,data and other multi-dimensional resources at the nodes to design the smallest service units and multi-dimensional resources that can be orchestrated.The intelligent orchestration horizontally White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 41 connects the virtual network functions to form a

237、collection of business-oriented network functions.It also vertically connects the space-air-ground integrated network to realize the flexible scheduling of multi-dimensional resources such as network,computing and storage resources.Intelligent orchestration mainly performs the following functions:it

238、 provides a unified node capability evaluation system,where node capability is carried by flexible resources,and the performance of the node may show a precipitous decline when resource consumption at the node exceeds the security boundary,so it is necessary to ensure that the scheduling of flexible

239、 resources meets the node performance security requirements;it maps the business SLA requirements with the requirements for network functions and multi-dimensional resources,such as the required end-to-end link bandwidth;it performs comprehensive analysis and decision making for dynamic network glob

240、al topology based on performance,resources,economy,green,security and other factors,so as to realize the output of the current optimal network orchestration policy based on AI model to guide the execution of network functions orchestration and resources control,and select the network nodes and secur

241、ity resources that assure user business SLA;and it evaluates the execution effect of relevant policy orchestration,and updates network knowledge based on the data about network state change brought by the orchestration policy,so that the AI model can be continuously trained and deployed,and the orch

242、estration policy can be continuously optimized.5.2.2 6G OSS Management for 6G New Wireless Technologies Management Technology for NEs in New Forms The NEs introduced by 6G networks add to the complexity of object attributes managed by OSS.The new attributes of space-based and sea-based NEs,which are

243、 brought about by space-air-ground integration,require OSS not only to establish corresponding records of attribute parameters,but to provide management and control according to the attributes of the new NEs.For space-based NEs,the management and control include satellite system configuration,satell

244、ite load management,inter-satellite communication link management,and feeder link management.As the reconfiguration of the radio White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 42 channel environment brought by reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)is required to be realized in collaboration with the network,6G

245、 OSS should be capable of controlling the RIS surface.For the management of RIS surface,it is necessary to add control capability for its unique reflection characteristic parameters,RIS surface position management and other functions.For the scenario where the ambient multipath transmission is incre

246、ased through RIS in a complex deployment environment,it is necessary to combine the base station with the RIS surface for the channel measurements and feedback.To support the communication and sensing capability,6G OSS will support management functions for various sensors.There are a variety of sens

247、ors,leading to significant differences in the attributes of sensing data corresponding to different sensing capabilities.The location and environment in which the sensors are deployed in the network must be adapted to the specific environment.One of the new capabilities in the diversified network el

248、ement management of 6G OSS will be the life-cycle state management of the sensors.With a more intelligent IoT communication capability,6G OSS should also be provided with corresponding machine intelligence management and control capabilities,for instance,management of AI models that can be invoked f

249、or intelligent decision-making for IoT,control of information and information model sharing among multiple types of IoT devices,and decision generation management.To cope with the intelligent IoT,6G OSS will evolve corresponding control and management capabilities in accordance with the evolution of

250、 future IoT networking technologies.Communication and Sensing Data Management Technology in New Wireless Networks Given the joint communication and sensing technology,the OSS correspondingly increases the storage of sensing data.The expansion of the data domain dimension of OSS management,the manage

251、ment of sensing data,and the utilization of sensing information,will become the new content of OSS data domain management.The management of 6G OSS data domain will evolve towards the management of data information.Thanks to the native intelligence of OSS,the data information fusion in a higher dimen

252、sion will be added to the data processing by 6G OSS.6G OSS data domain White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 43 management collection is composed of 5G network operation data,network service awareness data,wireless environment awareness data,and network intent-derived configuration policies.With native

253、 AI capabilities,OSS models the above high-dimensional information and generates network adjustment policies to guide the network to autonomously adjust and optimize resource allocation and performance.Intelligent Data Direction and Routing Management Technology The data direction control in OSS man

254、agement is more complex.With communication and sensing technology,space-air-ground integration technology,and de-cellularization technology introduced into 6G systems,the data within 6G networks becomes more complex,and the data distribution and routing management,service QoS,and data distribution o

255、ptions for QoE assurance will be more complex and diverse.At the same time,as AI becomes more native and mature,AI capabilities for data distribution and routing management will evolve within the OSS.For communication and sensing,to generate a network resource orchestration policy that guarantees th

256、e service quality requirements while maximizing the system performance,6G OSS needs to process the sensing data into sensing information,and then combine it with network resources and service quality requirements.For space-air-ground integrated network,the OSS needs to deal with the convergence and

257、scheduling between satellite forwarding and the routing within the ground system.For the data path of monolithic service,the difference in latency between forwarding via multiple nodes or via a single-hop satellite link during terrestrial fiber transmission as well as the difference in communication

258、 link quality should be taken into account.The overall service provisioning capability and service quality assurance for the local network are also limited by the capacity of forwarding per hop,and the constraints on capacity at each node of the path should be reasonably predicted when developing th

259、e forwarding of monolithic service.The development of MIMO technology has led to the joint transmission of massive distributed antennas,and this technological evolution will change the design of cellular structure of 5G networks.For the cell-free network structure,6G OSS should be provided with the

260、capability to manage the data White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 44 transmission relationship of a transmit and receive(T/R)antenna pair(a T/R pair formed by a transmit antenna to a receive antenna)or a virtual antenna pair formed by multiple physical antennas.In a multi-user environment,the connect

261、ion relationship between the communication link of distributed multi-antenna and each user must be reasonably designed to control the interference to the data link of other users while meeting the service transmission requirements of different users.New Type of Network Optimization in Cell-free Mode

262、 Due to the cell-free mode of the network,the calculation of network quality evaluation KPIs,network management objects,and O&M methods in corresponding network deployment area will be very different from those in the network quality management as well as O&M in the traditional cellular network conf

263、iguration.First,the acquisition of KPIs for network quality evaluation will be descended from the sector level to antenna level,the future distributed MIMO will feature massive antenna scale,and the magnitude of antenna-level data directly collected by the network will increase geometrically.Second,

264、the object of network management will descend to the transmit and receive antenna pairs.Because of the time-varying nature of data services and the spatial dynamic characteristics generated by user movement,the relationship between transmit and receive antenna pairs will change two-dimensionally in

265、time and space,and the difficulty of network management will increase abruptly.Third,in a cell-free area,the maintenance of the network requires considering not only the physical deployment location of antennas,the physical connection between antennas and DU,but also the relationship between the sid

266、elobes of transmit and receive antennas and the orientation of the surrounding antennas in a multi-user access environment,and it highly dependents on the multi-antenna interference analysis based on digital twin simulation to quickly iterate a reasonable antenna adjustment solution and beamforming

267、solution.Full Spectrum Cooperative Management Technology in New Networking Mode Many of the new technologies used in 6G networks,such as MIMO enhancement technology,Non-orthogonal multiple access,full duplex technology,and frequency space multiplexing of air-ground systems,are accompanied by the nee

268、d for more White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 45 efficient network cooperative management in local areas of the network while improving spectrum utilization efficiency.By coordinating the scheduling on the base station side with the native AI capability of CU/DU,the problem of resource coordination

269、among the cells in the base station can be solved.In the mobile communication network,the analysis of coverage capability also includes the evaluation of coverage effect for cell clusters and larger contiguous areas,with the latter usually defined as spaces which are continuously distributed in geog

270、raphic space and have obvious common characteristics in wireless signal coverage scenarios,such as college campuses,subway stations,office buildings,and residential areas.For such continuous coverage areas,reasonable allocation of network resources is usually not achievable by resource management at

271、 the base station level.With the resource management of distributed OSS and its native AI capability,it is possible to achieve optimal local interference management and resource collaboration,with distributed OSS,effective enhancement of the coordinated coexistence of multiple new technologies in 6G

272、 networks and providing locally optimal wireless resource utilization solutions for local networks.In the border area controlled by distributed OSS,it is possible to achieve relatively simple interference coordination among distributed OSS in a cooperative manner to meet the service quality requirem

273、ents of the border area.5.2.3 6G OSS Capability Opening The network capability opening helps to enhance the value of operators networks and improve user experience.With the development of SDN,NFV,cloud native and other technologies,network capability opening has become one of the key technologies in

274、 the 5G era.In terms of capability opening of 5G networks,NEF(Network Exposure Function)is introduced in the 3GPP standards,which provides convergence and opening of 5G network capabilities to the outside world,including opening to other 5GC(5G Core Network)elements internally and AF(Application Fun

275、ction)externally,such as the opening of event monitoring capabilities,QoS capabilities and parameter configuration.White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 46 In the 6G era,the 6G network will continue to move toward opening with the convergence of DOICT technologies,further enriching the information and

276、capabilities open to the public.For better support of new service scenarios in 6G,6G OSS needs to open its comprehensive capability management capabilities so as to provide services for its own services and third-party applications through the acquisition,orchestration and scheduling of communicatio

277、n,sensing and computing capabilities.Based on current research in industry and academia on potential key technologies and architectures for 6G networks,it is suggested that the following key technologies should be included in the capability opening of 6G OSS.Capability Opening Technology Based on GS

278、MA Open Gateway The new digital service scenarios such as 6G inclusive intelligence services and joint communication,sensing and computing require standardized and fully connected opening network capabilities.Taking this into consideration,GSAM has proposed the Open Gateway technology framework,aimi

279、ng to provide application developers with universal access to the operators network,achieve a paradigm shift in the design and the way services are provided in the telcos,and help developers and cloud providers enhance and deploy services more rapidly in the operators network through single-point ac

280、cess to the worlds largest connectivity platform.More Open Gateway-based APIs and services have necessitated the capability of 6G OSS to manage and schedule these APIs,which mainly includes:Full life cycle API management:Managing the on/off-shelf and editing of API API Order management:Enabling cust

281、omers to place orders quickly based on network SLA,open capacity and other requirements API scheduling management:Realizing the scheduling management of API and required resources API operations management:Realizing the monitoring and maintenance management for the operation and resource status of A

282、PI White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 47 In this way,it can efficiently support the construction of capability opening system of 6G Open Gateway and provide users with the standardized and fully connected opening of required 6G network service capabilities.Capability Opening Technology Based on TMF

283、Open API For new digital service scenarios such as communication-aware convergence and its reliable communication,6G OSS needs to build a 6G OSS API System(as shown in Figure 5-3)according to the CRISP-DM knowledge discovery process model,in order to provide basic service capabilities such as data p

284、rocessing service,model training service,model publishing service,and model deployment prediction service.In addition,it will provide authority management service,resource control service,status monitoring service,and system security service with reference to the TMF Open APIs framework to ensure th

285、at the system is highly available.Figure 5-3 API System of 6G OSS Digital Capability Opening Technology As user experience centricity has become one of the goals of 6G networks,the 6G OSS will likewise need to leverage digital technologies(e.g.digital twin,voice recognition,etc.)to open 6G OSS capab

286、ilities and the unprecedented digital experience of 6G services to operators and consumers.To improve the O&M experience of 6G private network,the technical capabilities such as computer vision-based interface and IT troubleshooting,IoT sensor and biometrics-based user management,etc.will be provide

287、d.To improve the business application experience,such capabilities as speech White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 48 recognition-based services,robotics-based QoE improvement and AR/VR/MR/XR-based QoE improvement will also be provided.Data Opening Technology Based on Privacy Computing and Blockchain W

288、ith the new data plane,the 6G network architecture will generate more valuable data.On the one hand,6G OSS,given the distributed network architecture of 6G,needs to realize the automatic data acquisition at each distributed node,and enhance the standardized network data opening function and interfac

289、e,and assure the data security based on blockchain technology.On the other hand,facing the requirements of services for data,6G OSS needs to realize the 6G data management based on privacy computing to enhance the value circulation and opening capability of data.Capability Opening Technology Based o

290、n Programmable Network Some explorations and improvements for network programmable technologies have already begun in the 5G era.For example,the control plane of 5G core networks based on SBA architecture is designed with cloud native software,which enables the rapid construction,release and deploym

291、ent of control plane network functions in 5G core networks;the decoupling of network functions from underlying hardware and operating systems is realized in combination with cloud computing.In the 6G era,the programmable technologies will evolve from the programmability at the control plane to that

292、at the user plane.The network functions of the service-based control plane can be deployed in a containerized and cloud-native way,with the configurations distributed down to the user plane using the network controller.6G OSS,based on the programmable capabilities of the network,will provide users w

293、ith more customized services and faster response,mainly including:Flexible and fast network service deployment:6G OSS,based on network programmable capability,allows flexible definition of logic and functions of network control plane,user plane and data plane.This helps to reduce redundant designs a

294、nd unify network service capabilities to provide innovative communication services with higher agility and flexibility and support faster deployment of services.White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 49 Intelligent scenario development:Based on different deployment scenarios or use cases,6G OSS enables

295、flexible customization of network capabilities through network programmable capabilities,and introduces AI into network service design and deployment implementation for faster access to network capability upgrades.5.2.4 6G OSS Support for 6G Full-stack SBA Full-stack SBA is one of the important tren

296、ds in the evolution of 6G network architecture.Full-stack SBA is the expansion of service-based architecture in the user plane of access network and core network.Meanwhile,it represents a further deepening of service-based architecture with enhanced service framework,service interface,and atomic ser

297、vices to accommodate distributed organization of networks,intelligent scheduling of services,and flexible deployment of industry private networks.To support the servitization of 6G full-stack SBA,6G OSS requires technological evolution in the following three aspects:Supporting the Expansion of Servi

298、ce-based Architecture in Network Fields The servitization of 6G networks will be further expanded in multiple network fields,but in different ways for different network fields.In the field of core network,the servitization design method in the management plane is different from that in the control p

299、lane.The functional NEs in the management plane will incorporate a series of MnS or MnF integrating a series of MnS,while the interaction between different management functional NEs will be realized through a standard API interface.The user plane NEs may also be service-based which will help UPF NEs

300、 provide more basic UPF services to more NEs,while gRPC protocol may be adopted at the servitization interface of UPF.The service-based structure is also necessary for wireless networks.A service-based interface needs to be defined between the core network and the RAN on the one hand,and between the

301、 user plane and the physical layer on the other hand in order to decouple the user plane from the physical layer and promote the integration of multiple lower-layer access technologies in the physical layer.White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 50 As the servitization of 6G network progresses,6G OSS wi

302、ll become a major carrier for service orchestration and service control in the full-stack service-based architecture.At the same time,the way it manages the O&M of wireless and core NEs will evolve from the traditional element management to the dynamic management of microservices,which is realized b

303、y connecting with the microservice interfaces of various network domains through API interfaces.Supporting the Evolution of Service-based Interface Protocol In the service-based architecture of the 5G core network,3GPP implements the SBA interface with the features of RESTful architecture by combini

304、ng HTTP2 protocol with TLS/TCP(Transport Layer Security/Transport Control protocol)protocol.However,the application of TLS/TCP protocol also caused insufficient interface security and transmission rate.Therefore,in the evolution of 6G full-stack SBA,the QUIC protocol conforming to the HTTP/3 standar

305、d,may also be used.The QUIC protocol,while ensuring network reliability,improves the congestion control mechanism of TCP and effectively reduces the time for connection establishment,and also avoids Head-of-Line blocking during multiplexing.In order to facilitate the adoption of full-stack SBA in 6G

306、 OSS,it is essential to support SBA interfaces based on various protocols such as HTTP2 with TLS/TCP combination and QUIC.Supporting the Evolution of IP Transport Protocol The design of traditional IP transport protocols follows the principles of statistical multiplexing and best efforts,which canno

307、t meet the demand of full-stack servitization in 6G networks.Meanwhile,the new IP protocols will support the customization of data transmission requirements according to service requirements during user-plane data transmission in order to achieve deterministic services.The new IP protocol will evolv

308、e in the following three directions:first,a more flexible address space,which can be adapted to different types of addresses in different networks;second,the addition of service contract information in the data packet format,which may carry service types,latency requirements,packet loss probability

309、requirements,etc.;third,the customization of data packet load,with data packet transmission requirements developed according to White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 51 the business requirements and the priorities and loaded into the contract information.Therefore,6G OSS should be capable of data parsi

310、ng and interaction according to the definition of packet format in the new IP protocol.5.2.5 6G OSS Data Governance The network data in 6G is more massive,polymorphic,sequential and correlated than that in 5G,and the native intelligence in 6G is based on automatic decision driven by data.Therefore,d

311、ata governance technology has become one of the key technologies of 6G OSS to assure the data quality of 6G networks,and improve the efficiency of data management and the value of data application.In the 5G era,5G OSS mainly uses the network data platform/middle platform to realize centralized colle

312、ction,unified processing and sharing of 5G network resources,warnings,performance,quality and other data.It also provides centralized and diversified data services to support requirements for applying the data,and provides AI and service control capabilities to support intelligent analysis and unive

313、rsal capability opening.Among them,for data governance in 5G networks,5G OSS mainly guides the data governance activities through“nine steps”,i.e.,data planning,standard definition,model design,data development,data collection,data creation,data usage,data archiving,and data destruction,and provides

314、 governance-related tools to carry out 5G network data governance.Figure 5-4 6G OSS Data Governance Process White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 52 Given that the network data in 6G is massive,polymorphic,sequential and correlated,6G OSS needs to continuously carry out 6G network governance with the“n

315、ine steps”of data governance.As shown in Figure 5-4,the governance process mainly includes:Developing Data Governance Standards The standards for 6G network data governance should be developed to enable standardized and effective governance for 6G network data in terms of organization,process,tools,

316、etc.On one hand,the scope of 6G OSS data governance will be expanded from network resources,warnings,performance,quality and other data in 5G to include the network computing resources and storage resources in 6G as well as the data generated by network functions(NF)with AI or analysis capability,su

317、ch as NWDAF,PCF,etc.On the other hand,as the scope of 6G data governance changes,it is necessary to develop corresponding governance standards for the newly added computing resources,storage resources and real-time network analysis data,such as data classification and coding,data dictionaries,metada

318、ta standards,data exchange standards,and data quality standards.Intelligent Data Governance Analyze 6G data based on machine learning and natural language processing technology,rapidly organize high-frequency roots and automatically map data standards to metadata to establish a data standards manage

319、ment system;strengthen data governance capabilities through federated learning to improve the efficiency of data transaction and data circulation;automatically identify data quality through machine learning,perform effect evaluation and intelligent data quality repair,and make dynamic updates accord

320、ing to the changes in data volume and business phases;establish information collection,association and interaction between business departments and systems and multi-link business processes to improve the efficiency and accuracy of data elements circulation.Based on the DIKW system,6G OSS will,first

321、ly,comprehensively sort out mobile communication network,computing resources,and storage resources and other data based on the 6G mobile communication principle and mobile communication protocol using knowledge graph-machine learning and other technologies.This will complete the White Paper on 6G OS

322、S Technologies 53 first step towards AI-oriented mobile communication data governance,that is,integrating expert knowledge and data into human understandable information and even knowledge rules using expert knowledge bases and data mining techniques.Secondly,it will build frameworks and models with

323、 logical inference relationships using the knowledge graph technology and perform knowledge mining and knowledge inference.Once the network data knowledge graph is built,the network,computing resources and storage resources can be fully monitored.Finally,as a closed-loop link,machine learning is mai

324、nly designed to build various types of feature datasets for different application scenarios.5.2.6 6G OSS Hyperautomation Hyperautomation is a service-driven technology mix composed of various technologies.The OSS of the communications industry mainly realizes network planning,construction,maintenanc

325、e,optimization,operation,as well as network Fault Management,Performance Management,Resource Management and Configuration Management based mainly on Robotic Process Automation(RPA),Process Mining/Business Process Management(BPM)and LowCode/NoCode technologies.Robotic Process Automation(RPA)Robotic p

326、rocess automation technology is used to automate information-based systems.It provides data collection,data handling,data filling,process execution,AI enabling,and empowerment and process re-engineering services without invading existing systems,thus enabling automated and intelligent business proce

327、sses to stimulate the business native vitality of the enterprises and support their“digital+intelligent”transformation.In the 6G era,with the evolution of RPA technology,6G OSS will fully automate 6G network planning,construction,maintenance,optimization and operation with RPA technology.In network

328、planning,6G OSS will realize automatic planning for site selection for the construction of wireless network base stations and the configuration parameters of base stations.In network construction,6G OSS will automatically collect White Paper on 6G OSS Technologies 54 and enter information of new 6G

329、NEs.In network maintenance,6G OSS will automatically inspect the network,verify various O&M data,and analyze network faults and quality.In network optimization,6G OSS will automatically optimize wireless network configuration parameters and communication and sensing convergence parameters;and in net

330、work operation,6G OSS will automatically verify operation data and shelve business solutions,etc.Process Mining/Business Process Management(BPM)Process mining,the bond between data science and process science,involves obtaining data and extracting knowledge from the event logs of modern information

331、systems to discover,monitor and improve actual processes.BPM(Business Process Management)is a mix of technologies used to analyze the current state of processes,design“future processes”to solve problems,and deploy and monitor processes to improve them.Capabilities such as Process Discovery,provided

332、by process mining technology,provide powerful support for BPM to enable process analysis,design,deployment and monitoring.In the 6G era,with the evolution of Process Mining/Business Process Management(BPM)technology,6G OSS will realize E2E automated discovery,design and management of related busines

333、s processes in such fields as 6G network fault management,performance management,resource management and configuration management.In fault management,the fault warning and recovery process will be mined for design optimization of 6G OSS to realize E2E automation of the network fault process ranging from monitoring,warning to optimization/recovery.In network performance management,the network perfo