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1、Ericsson White PaperGFTL ER 20:003151April 2023Leveraging communications service provider assets and expertise5G spectrum for local industrial networks 5G spectrum for local industrial networks IntroductionApril 20232IntroductionMany industries are looking at 5G as the backbone of the Fourth Industr

2、ial Revolution.It is a golden opportunity for communications service providers(CSPs)to create and capture new market spaces by driving innovation,efficiency,and growth across various industries.A key factor influencing the uptake of wireless solutions is the question of how to handle spectrum for in

3、dustrial purposes,since reliable connectivity demands licensed spectrum.Some countries provide spectrum dedicated for industrial use,whereas others do not.The intention of this paper is not to discuss the pros and cons of such spectrum strategies,but rather to focus on industries with local radio co

4、verage needs.It tries to show that whether spectrum is set aside for industries or not,CSPs are in the prime position to optimally address these industrial connectivity needs with powerful 5G networks and business models focused on industries.For regulators intending to implement spectrum dedicated

5、to industrial use,this paper aims to describe how this should best be done using simple principles and the well-defined legislation already available in most countries across the world.5G spectrum for local industrial networks Cellular solutions for industries huge business potential April 20233Cell

6、ular solutions for industries huge business potential There is a huge opportunity for CSPs to address industrial connectivity needs with 3GPP-based cellular technologies.The opportunity encompasses a range of industries,including diverse segments with diverse needs,such as those in the manufacturing

7、,mining,port,energy and utilities,automotive and transport,public safety,media and entertainment,healthcare,and education industries,among others.Many enterprises in these industries are already CSP customers,with the total CSP share of the global addressable 5G-enabled market across these industrie

8、s projected to be around USD 700 billion by 2030 1,according to the 2030 Market Compass Report 2.One of the objectives of this paper is to address concerns regarding spectrum access for those industries that are early adopters of 3GPP cellular technologies for limited areas in particular,industries

9、such as manufacturing,mining,and ports as well as those with the opportunity to use cellular technologies in their operations but which have not seen wide adoption yet,such as the airport,oil and gas,warehousing,hospital,education,and construction industries.5G spectrum for local industrial networks

10、 Cellular solutions for industries huge business potential April 20234Taking manufacturing,with its estimated 1 million factories 3(with more than 100 employees),as an example,typical business cases revolve around controlling the production process,improving material management,improving safety,and

11、introducing new tools.Typical revenue increases come from increased throughput and quality(2-3 percent),while typical cost savings stem from improved capital efficiency(5-10 percent)and decreased manufacturing costs(4-8 percent)4.Additionally,ABI Research has shown that manufacturers can expect to s

12、ee a tenfold increase in their returns on investment(ROIs)for cellular Industry 4.0 solutions,while warehouse owners can expect a staggering fourteenfold increase in ROI 5.As another example,there are more than 2,300 active mining exploration sites in the world today 6.In Bolidens open-pit Aitik min

13、e,for example,drilling productivity could be increased by 40 percent through automation of its drills alone 7.Additional savings from increased usage of equipment could also lead to lower capital expenditures for mines(CapEx)as well as a better safety and working environments for their personnel.A f

14、inal example can be found in the potential of the worlds 835 currently active ports 8.One case study examining the private 5G network trial for the automation of Chinas Port of Qingdao indicated that a 70 percent labor cost savings could be achieved if 5G automation were to be fully implemented 9.Ou

15、r own research engagements in Italys Port of Livorno suggest much the same,with the potential for significant savings in port and quay operations as well as reduced berthing times for vessels and shortened cargo release times.5G spectrum for local industrial networks The challenging connectivity nee

16、ds of industriesApril 20235The challenging connectivity needs of industriesWireless connectivity is increasingly becoming a necessity for business-critical services in industrial processes,such as those related to assembly lines and other modes of production.For manufacturers producing high-quantity

17、 and high-value products for example,vehicles high network availability and reliability are crucial.Considering that a vehicle manufacturing site finalizes a new USD 20,000-80,000 product roughly every 60 seconds 10,even a few minutes of assembly line downtime could potentially mean severe revenue l

18、osses.For many industries,service-level agreements(SLAs)will satisfy and regulate such needs for guaranteed network uptime and quality.However,some manufacturers seeking access to dedicated spectrum with the argument that it is critical for their operations and an essential part of their risk manage

19、ment will assert that without their own spectrum,they would need to demand legally binding liabilities for external service and spectrum providers.In the worst-case scenario,they would need to seek liabilities that span assembly line downtimes caused by connectivity failures,exposure to theft of dat

20、a,or personal injuries.Recommendations for service providers are discussed in the Key success factors for CSPs chapter.Another requirement is long-term propositions.A production facility is normally a 15-20 years lifecycle investment,and manufacturers will likely seek availability and reliability of

21、 their connection over this period.Considering that businesses tend to prefer freedom of 5G spectrum for local industrial networks The challenging connectivity needs of industriesApril 20236choice when it comes to suppliers,the request would likely be to guarantee uninterrupted service for 15-20 yea

22、rs and,at the same time,maintain flexibility in the supplier dimension.Another point manufacturers would likely consider in this circumstance would be how to handle commercial agreements for equipment for such a length of time.One recommendation would therefore be that CSPs explore new business mode

23、ls to support industries needs for long-term service.As industries become more digitalized,their dependence on connectivity increases and poses uncompromising requirements on availability and reliability.Unsurprisingly,there are different needs regarding the type of connectivity required.An electron

24、ic component factory,for example,might realistically need to power thousands of simple sensors in an energy-efficient way while,at the same time,require low-latency,cloud-based steering of robotic arms.A connectivity solution here will need to cater to various network needs simultaneously as well as

25、 cost-efficiently fulfill demanding use cases and services normally part of a public network,such as voice services,access to internet,and track and trace services.Figure 1(below)shows an example of a smart manufacturing site with diverse wireless devices and a wide range of connectivity requirement

26、s.Figure 1.A smart factory with diverse use casesInventory ManagementSupply ManagementOperations centerAutomated vehiclesBins and containersRobots and toolsAssembly line5G spectrum for local industrial networks The challenging connectivity needs of industriesApril 20237However,the connectivity avail

27、able at a given manufacturing site might not be enough to cover the complete set of requirements for an industry.Therefore,to enable cost-efficient upgrades in the aftermarket area and improve customer experience(for example),manufacturers might want the ability to upgrade and track products in the

28、field an ability for which local connectivity alone is insufficient.Finally,different industries and companies can have different strategies regarding what operations are core to their businesses and should be kept in-house(as opposed to those bought as a service).This will likely be reflected in th

29、e way they address connectivity.Consequently,there is a need to cater to industries that would like to own and operate equipment themselves as well as those of the opposite inclination,whose services can be outsourced and provided by either their own private networks or from shared public networks.5

30、G spectrum for local industrial networks Spectrum harmonization a challengeApril 20238Spectrum harmonization a challengeHarmonizing the use of spectrum bands across geographies is essential to achieving mass-market conditions which in turn enables cost-efficient and competitive industrial devices.Ma

31、ny countries have already begun to assign spectrum for 5G wide-area cellular networks,and quick regulatory actions and decisions have proven to be highly positive for all ecosystem parties,benefiting service providers and device makers with the ability to make technology investments as well as consu

32、mers with the possibility for earlier enjoyment of new generations of technology.Some countries have also begun to consider licensed/leased spectrum as part of industrial digitalization and industrial applications(see Figure 2).Germany,for example,allocated local licensed spectrum in 3700-3800 MHz b

33、and range to industries for their applications already in 2019,while Japan similarly announced the allocation of the 28 GHz band.Some nations,like Czech Republic and Denmark,have chosen an alternative way to dedicate spectrum to industries.They are including obligations in selected 5G bands for CSPs

34、 national licenses to offer local spectrum leasing to industries at a pre-defined price.The approaches taken differ widely between regulators,and the allocated bands are in many cases shared with incumbents.5G spectrum for local industrial networks Spectrum harmonization a challengeApril 20239Regard

35、ing the locally licensed/leased spectrum considered by administrations,these diverse allocations pose challenges to building a device ecosystem for industrial applications.Device chipsets need to be supported not only by an ecosystem of traditional mobile broadband(MBB)devices but also by an ecosyst

36、em that includes industrial devices of varying complexity on different spectrum bands.These ecosystems,however,are still under formation.The European Commission(EC)has identified the demand for mid-band licensed spectrum for vertical users and other terrestrial wireless local area use cases.It has i

37、ssued a Mandate to CEPT to investigate the shared use and harmonized frequency arrangement of the 3.8-4.2 GHz frequency band for local area connectivity 11.The work is tasked to finish by March 2024,with reports delivered November 2022 and July 2023.In Appendix A1,a snapshot can be found of the spec

38、trum allocations and regulatory discussions on assignment of spectrum dedicated for industrial applications at the time of this papers writing(April 2023).Figure 2.Discussions on spectrum for industries are ongoing or dedicated local spectrum is assigned.Includes spectrum made available by regulator

39、s through leasing obligations.Mid band Belgium,Brazil,Chile,China,Croatia,Czech Republic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Japan,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Republic of Korea,Spain,Sweden,Taiwan,UK,USHigh band,mmW Australia,Brazil,Denmark,Finland,Germany,Greece,Hong Kong,Israel,Japan,Norway,Republ

40、ic of Korea,Spain,Sweden,UK5G spectrum for local industrial networks Requirements on regulation principles for locally licensed/leased spectrumApril 202310Requirements on regulation principles for locally licensed/leased spectrumRegulators and policy makers have a different set of challenges.In coun

41、tries that have decided(or are planning to decide)on locally licensed/leased industry spectrum,regulators and policymakers must find an easy-to-understand and cost-efficient model for its regulation.If implementing locally licensed/leased spectrum for industry purposes,they must ensure that its util

42、ization is efficient.Additionally,it is important to note that the way in which licensed/leased spectrum is managed within countries also impacts the appeal of the 3GPP path.When licensed/leased spectrum is offered locally with the objective of satisfying the needs of industries,a few basic requirem

43、ents should be fulfilled as to how this is offered.5G spectrum for local industrial networks Requirements on regulation principles for locally licensed/leased spectrumApril 202311These requirements include that:Access to spectrum must be predictable over a long period of time to support uninterrupte

44、d operation and major investments in production processes and industrial facilities having a lifecycle of typically 15-20 years.Schemes awarding excessive first-mover advantages should be avoided so that industries or other players do not block spectrum through spectrum hoarding.Local spectrum not y

45、et licensed/leased to industries should be kept available to increase spectrum utilization efficiency for spectrum license holders(such as CSPs),though with a sufficient safety margin to ensure that existing local networks are not subject to interference.It should be noted that radio network provide

46、rs and device makers can potentially face challenges with developing solutions for unique frequency bands unless the availability of devices and an ecosystem are factored into the decision of dedicating frequencies for locally licensed spectrum.5G spectrum for local industrial networks Key success f

47、actors for CSPsApril 202312Key success factors for CSPsCSPs have long been successful in the MBB market and are well positioned to capture value in the emerging connectivity market for industries,leveraging cellular solutions,3GPP competence,flexible spectrum assets,public network infrastructure,and

48、 the development of new,innovative business models.Unlike MBB,the industries connectivity needs are extremely diverse.So,to realize cellular connectivity for all industries in a systematic way,we at Ericsson have defined four IoT connectivity segments that can efficiently co-exist in a single 5G net

49、work.These include:Massive IoT,with connectivity targeting a massive number of low-cost,narrow-bandwidth devices with extreme coverage and long battery life capabilities.The massive IoT ecosystem is based on narrowband IoT(NB-IoT)and LTE category M(Cat-M)access with tens of millions of commercial us

50、ers in 2020,operating in FDD bands 12 13.Common use cases include various types of low-cost sensors,meters,actuators,trackers,and wearables.Broadband IoT,for connectivity providing much higher data rates and lower latencies than massive IoT while enabling extended device battery life and coverage fo

51、r devices with significantly wider bandwidth than Massive IoT devices.Based on a wide range of LTE device categories(LTE Cat-1 and above)in frequency division duplexing(FDD)and time division duplexing(TDD)bands,broadband IoT has more than 500 million users globally.Broadband IoT usage is presently d

52、ominated by vehicles,wearables,gadgets,cameras,sensors,actuators,and trackers.Critical IoT connectivity,delivering time-critical communication for data delivery within specific latency targets with required guaranteed levels 14.Critical IoT will be introduced in all 5G bands alongside the advanced t

53、ime-critical communication capabilities of 5G NR,which will be further enhanced with 5G core(5GC).It includes 5Gs most powerful,ultra-reliable and/or ultra-low latency features.Typical time-critical use cases include cloud-based AR/VR,cloud robotics,autonomous vehicles,real-time fault prevention,hap

54、tic feedback,real-time control,and the coordination of machines and processes.5G spectrum for local industrial networks Key success factors for CSPsApril 202313 Industrial automation IoT,enabling the seamless integration of cellular connectivity into the wired industrial infrastructure used for real

55、-time advanced automation.It includes capabilities for integrating 5G systems with real-time Ethernet and time-sensitive networking(TSN)15.These capabilities mandate 5G NR and 5GC 12.The IoT connectivity segments have a cost-effective,smooth,and future-proof evolution intended to accelerate adoption

56、 in the ecosystem and minimize the total cost of ownership(TCO).As depicted in Figure 3,each IoT segment addresses a distinct set of connectivity requirements across various industry verticals,maximizing returns on investment(ROIs)for CSPs.The flexible spectrum assets of CSPs enable them to address

57、industry needs in the best possible ways,even in countries with locally licensed/leased spectrum for industries.Different frequency bands have complementary characteristics,with low bands being ideal for coverage and availability and having the most diverse device support(though with typically small

58、er bandwidths),mid bands offering significantly improved capacity with a good balance of coverage,and high bands delivering a major capacity boost(though with limited coverage).For TDD bands,there are trade-offs to consider between capacity,latency,and coverage,depending on the choice of the TDD tra

59、nsmission pattern.Additionally,when using a TDD band,an important aspect is synchronized TDD patterns with respect to networks on the Figure 3.Industry digitalization with cellular connectivityTransportation Automotive RailwaysManufacturingMiningUtilities.Entertainment Smart city PortsForestryAgricu

60、lturePublic safety.Education Healthcare ConstructionOil&gasWarehousingMedia production.One 5G network with four multi-purpose IoT connectivity segments Massive IoTBroadband IoTCritical IoTIndustrial automation IoTNB-IoT,Cat-M LTE,NRNRNRIndustry digitalization with Cellular IoTLow cost devicesSmall d

61、ata volumesExtreme coverageHigh data ratesLarge data volumesLow latency (best effort)Bounded latenciesHigh reliabilityUltra-low latencyEthernet protocols integrationTime-sensitive networkingClock synchronization as a service5G spectrum for local industrial networks Key success factors for CSPsApril

62、202314same or adjacent spectrum.mmWave bands have better isolation than mid-bands due to the radio wave propagation characteristics and,consequently,have relatively relaxed TDD coexistence constraints.Figure 4 shows the benefits of leveraging the flexible spectrum assets of CSPs to deliver optimal r

63、esults in terms of performance,diversified use cases,system capacity,and indoor/outdoor coverage,with or without local spectrum.In most regions,locally licensed/leased spectrum is in mmWave bands,sub-6GHz TDD bands,or both mmWave and sub-6GHz TDD bands.Leveraging CSPs spectrum assets with complement

64、ary characteristics can provide major benefits,including improved coverage and availability,Cat-M/NB-IoT access,and low latency.While spectrum in the sub-6GHz band range can bring good coverage and capacity,mmWave spectrum can boost capacity and reduce latency.As another benefit,CSPs can leverage th

65、eir public spectrum assets to provide premium MBB and voice services to industries.For its part,5G inter-band carrier aggregation can also be employed as a powerful tool by dynamically routing traffic through different carriers(across CSP spectrum and local spectrum),achieving the best trade-offs in

66、 terms of coverage,reliability,latency,spectral efficiency,and capacity.Depending on industry strategies regarding what operations are core to their businesses and kept in-house(as opposed to those bought as a service),cellular networks can be deployed in various ways by a communications service pro

67、vider.Broadly speaking,there are two main network deployment concepts for addressing industrial connectivity needs 16 17:non-public networks(NPNs)in conjunction with public networks(PNs),where network resources are shared between public and non-public users standalone non-public networks,where indep

68、endent standalone networks are deployed for non-public use Figure 4.Leveraging CSPs flexible spectrum assets with or without local spectrum for industry digitalizationLocal Spectrum NR URLLCLTENB-IoT&Cat-MKey characteristicsLeverge CSP spectrum&local spectrum for optimal performance,diverse use case

69、s and capacitymmWave bands(TDD)High capacity Limited coverage Numerology allows for very low latency Sub-6GHz TDD bands Good coverage&capacity Support of Time Critical communication TDD co-existence to be managedFDD bands Widest coverage All radio access technologies supported Limited capacity in lo

70、w FDD bandsCSP Spectrum Local Spectrum Local Spectrum CSP Spectrum CSP Spectrum 5G spectrum for local industrial networks Key success factors for CSPsApril 202315Deploying a non-public network in conjunction with a public network allows reuse of network infrastructure,efficient utilization of spectr

71、um,and seamless mobility.The network infrastructure can be deployed inside or outside an enterprises premises in part or in its entirety and can be shared between public and non-public users.There are three ways of realizing this:shared RAN,where RAN is shared between public and non-public users whi

72、le the rest of a networks components are kept segregated(all non-public data and control traffic stays within an enterprises logical premise)shared radio access and control plane,where a core network control plane is hosted in a public network in addition to the shared RAN(non-public user data remai

73、ns local while control traffic leaves the enterprises premises,allowing seamless roaming of non-public users)non-public networks hosted by public networks,where non-public user data leaves the enterprises premises while still allowing the enterprise to obtain dedicated resources from a CSPs infrastr

74、ucture(for example,through end-to-end dedicated network resources across radio,transport,and core networks)with a service-level agreement(in which scenario a CSP can also deploy radio access nodes inside the enterprises premises for radio coverage and performance reasons)Figure 5(below)depicts the h

75、igh-level architecture of non-public network deployment options.Here,logical connections are shown between different components of the network.Figure 5.Deployment options for non-public networksShared RANOptions for deploying a non-public network in conjuction with a public networkShared RAN&control

76、 planeNPN hosted by PNStandalone NPNRadio accessData traffic pathControl signal pathCore control plane(public network)Core user plane(public network)Application server(public network)Core control plane(non-public network)Core user plane(non-public network)Application server(non-public network)5G spe

77、ctrum for local industrial networks Key success factors for CSPsApril 202316CSP skill and experience in designing,building,managing,and maintaining cellular networks can be instrumental in the success of industries as well as in ensuring that their dedicated networks interoperate perfectly with adja

78、cent public networks.With this in mind,we encourage CSPs to cooperate with industries and to develop business models addressing long-term investment horizon of industries as well as their need for quality and operational independence.These new business models must also ensure the availability of spe

79、ctrum for the duration of a production facilitys lifetime as well as the freedom to change suppliers of services at reasonable intervals.Accommodating these requirements,CSPs will likely remove one of the major concerns for industries considering choosing the 3GPP-licensed technology path.Figure 5.D

80、eployment options for non-public networks5G spectrum for local industrial networks Locally licensed/leased spectrum principles for successApril 202317Locally licensed/leased spectrum principles for successAllocating licensed spectrum for wide-area services to a limited number of CSPs has proven succ

81、essful and cost-efficient through the well-functioning market and competitive services it has generated for consumers,with 3GPP network coverage serving roughly 95 percent of the worlds population 18.Wide-area spectrum for industries would lead to the underutilization and fragmentation of spectrum a

82、nd thus the loss of its efficiency.As for locally licensed spectrum,the situation is different,as deployments are typically made on private property and frequently indoors,where the availability of competing indoor offerings is not naturally secured.This paper proposes that if countries decide to de

83、dicate locally licensed/leased spectrum,an idea defined as the“real estate principle”should be the preferred principle to apply when doing so.In short,this refers to linking a priority right to acquire a local license/lease to the real estate ownership(or tenant,depending on national prerequisites).

84、This simple principle meets the three requirements mentioned earlier of having predictable spectrum access,avoiding rewarding first movers,and ensuring availability of unused local spectrum.The real estate principle offers predictable access to spectrum over time as well as a sustained possibility f

85、or late entrants to acquire local spectrum and still leaves unused spectrum available for short-or medium-term use.5G spectrum for local industrial networks Locally licensed/leased spectrum principles for successApril 202318Some additional examples of the benefits associated with the real estate own

86、ership principle include that the legal principles surrounding real estate are established,well defined and understood,and digitized in most if not all countries.The logical connection needed in order to be able to dispose of spectrum on owned property is also easily understood and fits the need for

87、 local high-performance systems.Leasing of locally licensed spectrum should be allowed to ensure access to spectrum in all scenarios.In a real estate ownership model,it should be possible for a CSP to offer services to the industry on the estate using the reserved spectrum.Most industries will want

88、the operation to be handled by a third party,and,since some of the appealing services offered by CSPs(such as,for example,roaming,wide-area mobility,voice/IMS,and so on)are services optimized in their service offerings,it is particularly natural for the real estate owner to allow a CSP to operate th

89、e given service in places where there will typically be three or so networks serving the public and one logical IoT network operating(such as in an airport or hospital).A CSP can here easily handle the local IoT network as a combined network,and the CSP should then also be allowed to use the dedicat

90、ed local spectrum for public services(following the real estate owners consent as well as the condition that all traditional requirements for public service be fulfilled).Another major advantage is that the administration of real estate-based licenses/leases can be very simple following this princip

91、le,as the real estate owner must simply accept the responsibility to fulfill conditions for use and(presumably)pay an initial plus an annual fee for the local license/lease part of the spectrum,avoiding a complicated and time-consuming auctioning procedure in the process.The industries can then star

92、t planning and deploying equipment as soon as the sub-band is identified,and the regulatory decision made.For this model to succeed,spectrum management systems will be needed to automatically manage large amounts of local licenses/leases as well as regulatory conditions.One such system with these an

93、d other capabilities is the evolved licensed shared access(eLSA)approach(based on the already standardized LSA system)being standardized in ETSI RRS 19.Spectrum not yet claimed by the real estate owner can also be offered to CSPs and third parties for a limited time(for example,for sports events or

94、concerts where temporarily increased coverage or capacity is needed),but only as long as sufficient safety margins are kept to fully guarantee existing local licenses/leases are not interfered with.5G spectrum for local industrial networks ConclusionApril 202319ConclusionCSPs are well-positioned par

95、tners for industries,with several unique strengths to win industry business independently of the spectrum principles employed.It is essential that solutions are tailored to the needs of the relevant industries,including long-term offerings,high quality,and operational independence.For those countrie

96、s who choose the path of locally licensed/leased spectrum for industry purposes,this paper offers a suggestion as to how this should be done in a simple and structured way.We refer to this as the“real estate owner principle,”in which the estate owner should have a prioritized right to spectrum for i

97、ndustrial purposes on the owners grounds while also having the right to leverage the offering of public services provided by CSPs on the locally licensed/leased spectrum.5G spectrum for local industrial networks GlossaryApril 202320Glossary3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project5GC 5G coreCat-M LTE

98、category MCSP Communications service providereLSA Evolved licensed shared accessETSI European Telecommunications Standards InstituteFDD Frequency division duplexIoT Internet of ThingsLTE Long Term EvolutionMBB Mobile broadbandNB-IoT Narrowband IoTNPN Non-public networkNR New radioPN Public networkRA

99、N Radio access networkROI Return on investmentSLA Service-level agreementTDD Time division duplex5G spectrum for local industrial networks ReferencesApril 202321References1.Operator addressable market-consist of Connectivity and infrastructure provisioning(232 BUSD),Service Enablement(383 BUSD)and A

100、pplication and Service provisioning(85 BUSD)from Figure 6,page 12 of Ericssons&Arthur D.Littles 5G for business:A 2030 Market Compass Report2.Ericssons&Arthur D.Littles 5G for business:A 2030 Market Compass Report3.Ericsson estimation based on the fact that there are 10 Million factories in the work

101、 according to Trans-portation and the Belt Initiative(Nicolas de Loisy)and that 9%of the factories in the US are factories with more than 100 employees according to Statista May 2017.4.Ericsson estimation based on generalized figures from various industry cases 5.Unlocking the potential of Industry

102、4.0,ABI Research,October 25th,20196.Number of active mineral exploration sites worldwide by region 2017,Statista,M.Garside,Dec 9,2019 7.5G Business Value A case study on Mining,Ericsson,June 2018 8.Virginia Economic Development Partnership,2014 9.Ericsson and China Unicom announce 5G Smart Harbor at

103、 the Port of Qingdao 10.Estimate of typical car prices,will vary widely pending brands and geographies11.Mandate to CEPT on technical conditions regarding the shared use of the 3.8-4.2 GHz frequency band for terrestrial wireless broadband systems providing local-area network connectivity in the Unio

104、n.12.Cellular IoT in the 5G era 13.Ericsson Mobility Report June 2020,IoT Connections outlook,page 23 14.Critical IoT for time-critical communications in almost every industry,Ericsson Technology Review,June 202015.5G-TSN integration meets networking requirements for industrial automation,Ericsson T

105、echnology Review,August 201916.5G Non-Public Networks for Industrial Scenarios,5G ACIA white paper,201917.5G E2E Technology to Support Verticals URLLC Requirements-NGMN)18.Ericsson Mobility Report June 2020,Network Coverage,page 2219.TS103 652-1 Reconfigurable Radio Systems(RRS);evolved Licensed Sha

106、red Access(eLSA);Part 1:System requirements,Ver.1.1.1,2018-02-065G spectrum for local industrial networks Appendix A1April 202322Appendix A1CountrySpectrum(MHz)LTE/NR bandMode of operationBandwidthCommentsBelgium3800-4200n77TDDTBDConsidering allocationBrazil3700-3800B43/n78TDD100 MHzAllocated in 202

107、2 with a local licensing optionChile3750-3800B43/n78TDD50 MHzAllocation postponedChina5925-7125TBDTDDTBDUnder investigationCroatia2570-26203400-3480B38 n78TDD50 MHz 80 MHzAvailable 2022Allocated in 2021 with a licensing/leasing optionCzech Republic3400-3480 3640-3700B42/B43/n78TDD2*20 MHzAllocated i

108、n 2020 to two CSPs with a leasing optionDenmark3740-3800B43/n78TDD60 MHzAllocated in 2021 to CSPs with a leasing optionFinland2300-2320 3410-3800B40 B42/B43/n78TDD20 MHz TBDAvailable 2020Allocated in 2018 to CSPs with a leasing optionFrance2575-2615 3490-3800 3800-4200B38 B42/B43/n78 n77TDD40 MHz 4x

109、50 MHz 100 MHzAvailable 2019Allocated in 2020 to four CSPs with a leasing optionApplication time from March 2022 to end of 2023.Max 3 year licenseTable 1.Mid-band spectrum for the industry5G spectrum for local industrial networks Appendix A1April 202323Table 1.Mid-band spectrum for the industryCount

110、rySpectrum(MHz)LTE/NR bandMode of operationBandwidthCommentsGermany3700-3800B43/n78TDD100 MHzAvailable 2019Greece3410-3800B42/B43/n78TDDTBDAllocated in 2021 to CSPs with a leasing possibilityJapan2575-2595 4600-4900B41 n79TDD20 MHz 300 MHzAvailable 2019Available 2020Netherlands3410-3450,3750-3800B42

111、/B43/n78TDD40+50 MHzAvailable with restrictions.New regulation by 2026.Norway3400-38003800-4200B42/B43/n78 n77TDDTBDAllocated in 2021 to CSPs with a leasing optionAvailable 2022Poland3410-3480B42/n78TDD70 MHzConsidering allocationRepublic of Korea4720-4820n79TDD100 MHzAvailable 2021Spain2370-2390380

112、0-4200B40 n77TDD20 MHzTBDAvailableConsidering allocationSweden3720-3800B43/n78TDD80 MHzAvailable 2021Taiwan4800-4900n79TDD100 MHzConsidering allocationUK1781.7-1785/1876.7-1880,2390-2400,3800-4200B3,B40,n77FDD+TDD3+3,10,400 MHzAvailable 2019US3550-3700B48/n48TDD150 MHzAvailable 2020 5G spectrum for

113、local industrial networks Appendix A1April 202324Table 2.High-band spectrum for industryCountrySpectrum(GHz)NR BandBandwidthCommentsAustralia24.25-27.5 27.5-29.5n258 n25750 MHz channelsAvailable 2020Brazil27.5-27.9n257TBDAllocated in 2022 with a local licensing optionDenmark24.25-24.65n258400 MHzAva

114、ilable 2021Finland24.25-25.1n258850 MHzAvailable 2020Germany24.5-27.5n258800 MHzAvailable 2021Greece26.5-27.5n258TBDAllocated in 2021 to CSPs with a leasing possibilityHong Kong27.95-28.35n257/n261400 MHzAvailable 2021Japan28.2-28.3 28.3-29.1n257/n261100MHz 800 MHzAvailable 2019Available 2020Israel2

115、4.25-27.5n258TBDConsidering allocationNorway24.25-25.1n258850 MHzConsidering allocationRepublic of Korea28.9-29.5n257600 MHzAvailable 2021Spain24.25-24.70n258TBDConsidering allocationSweden24.25-25.1n258850 MHzAvailable 2021UK24.25-26.5n2582.25 GHzAvailable 20195G spectrum for local industrial netwo

116、rks AuthorsApril 202325AuthorsFinn Pedersen,Researcher Standardization,joined Ericsson in 1997,and has held product management and R&D system positions within service networks and radio networks organizations.Over the last decade,Finn has been active in the spectrum area,previously leading investiga

117、tions for spectrum regulation mainly towards groups in CEPT and currently performing work in the spectrum regulatory domain,as a standardization researcher based in Kista,Sweden.Finn holds an M.Sc in Engineering Physics and a PhD in Computerized Image Analysis,both from Uppsala University,Sweden.He

118、holds an UEFA A coaching license,awarded from the Swedish Football Association.Rowan Hgman is the Research Leader 5G industry collaborations,Ericsson,coordinating and accumulating insights from more than 50 industry research collaborations across 5G,IoT,Cloud,and AI.He joined Ericsson in 1997 and ha

119、s held positions as Head of Strategic Marketing,Head of Tactical Marketing and Head of Marketing and communications operations.Rowan received his M.Sc degree in Industrial Economics and Management from the Royal Institute of Technology,KTH,Sweden,in 1996.5G spectrum for local industrial networks Aut

120、horsApril 202326Mats Buchmayer is a Senior Specialist in Spectrum Access Technology and Strategies at Ericsson Business Area Network.He joined Ericsson in 1997 and has served in various positions in Sales,Product Management,R&D,and the last 15 years in standardization with the development of 4G and

121、5G standards.Since 2014,Mats has been working with spectrum sharing in different concept and standardization activities,including LSA and CBRS.He is currently driving 5G industrial IoT network and spectrum related aspects.Mats holds an M.Sc in Mechanical Engineering from the Royal Institute of Techn

122、ology,Stockholm.Gsta Lemne,Director of Spectrum and Technology Strategy,Ericsson,has more than 40 years experience from executive positions in advanced radio technology,radio product development,and business development from a wide set of sectors including Cellular Networks,Consumer Electronics,Mili

123、tary Radar Systems,and Avionics.Gsta is a M.Sc in Engineering Physics from KTH in Stockholm and a fellow of the RoyalSwedish Academy of Engineering Sciences.5G spectrum for local industrial networks AuthorsApril 202327Ali Zaidi is a strategic product manager for Cellular IoT at Ericsson and also ser

124、ves as the companys head of IoT Competence.Since joining Ericsson in 2014,he has been working with technology and business development of 4G and 5G radio access at Ericsson.Zaidi is currently responsible for LTE-M,URLLC,Industrial IoT,vehicle-to-everything and local industrial networks.Ali holds a Ph.D.in telecommunications from KTH Royal Institute of Technology,Stockholm.His current research interests include cyber security,cloud computing,software security engineering.