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1、The MobileEconomyAsia Pacific 2023 The GSMA is a global organisation unifying the mobile ecosystem to discover,develop and deliver innovation foundational to positive business environments and societal change.Our vision is to unlock the full power of connectivity so that people,industry and society

2、thrive.Representing mobile operators and organisations across the mobile ecosystem and adjacent industries,the GSMA delivers for its members across three broad pillars:Connectivity for Good,Industry Services and Solutions,and Outreach.This activity includes advancing policy,tackling todays biggest s

3、ocietal challenges,underpinning the technology and interoperability that make mobile work,and providing the worlds largest platform to convene the mobile ecosystem at the MWC and M360 series of events.We invite you to find out more at Follow the GSMA on Twitter:GSMAGSMA Intelligence is the definitiv

4、e source of global mobile operator data,analysis and forecasts,and publisher of authoritative industry reports and research.Our data covers every operator group,network and MVNO in every country worldwide from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe.It is the most accurate and complete set of industry metrics avail

5、able,comprising tens of millions of individual data points,updated daily.GSMA Intelligence is relied on by leading operators,vendors,regulators,financial institutions and third-party industry players,to support strategic decision-making and long-term investment planning.The data is used as an indust

6、ry reference point and is frequently cited by the media and by the industry itself.Our team of analysts and experts produce regular thought-leading research reports across a range of industry Copyright 2023 GSMAContentsExecutive summary31.The mobile industry in numbers102.Mobile industry trends252.1

7、The 5G monetisation imperative grows262.2Generative AI on the rise292.3The shift to circularity gathers momentum312.4Consolidation is driving scale and efficiency342.5Mobile connectivity fuelling fintech solutions373.Mobile industry impact393.1Mobiles impact on SDGs403.2Mobile operators improving pu

8、blic service delivery423.3Mobile addressing climate change issues434.Mobile industry enablers444.1Policies for growth and innovation454.2Effective spectrum policy:meeting future connectivity demand48Executive summary5G momentum builds in Asia PacificMobile connectivity continues to be at the core of

9、 digital innovation in Asia Pacific,1 enabling a wide range of transformative technologies for individuals and enterprises,and helping governments to deliver positive impacts for society.Authorities across the region are implementing initiatives to integrate mobile-enabled technologies across every

10、aspect of society,from improving healthcare and actualising Industry 4.0 to supporting vulnerable communities facing challenging situations,including climate-related and geophysical disasters.The impact of mobile connectivity is evidenced by its contribution to the economy;in 2022,mobile technologie

11、s and services generated just under 5%of Asia Pacifics GDP a contribution that amounted to$810 billion of economic value added.5G will underpin much of the innovation and new services on mobile-based platforms in the coming years,helped by the rapid rollout and adoption of the technology in the regi

12、on.Asia Pacific is home to pioneer 5G markets,such as Australia,Japan,Singapore and South Korea,where the technology has become mainstream.The region also has some of the fastest growing 5G markets today,notably India,which is set to add tens of millions of 5G connections in 2023.By the end of 2030,

13、there will be around 1.4 billion 5G connections in Asia Pacific,equivalent to 41%of total mobile connections.5G is expected to benefit every sector of the Asia Pacific economy,especially services and manufacturing.In 2022,mobile technologies and services generated just under 5%of Asia Pacifics GDP a

14、 contribution that amounted to$810 billion of economic value added1.Asia Pacific in this report excludes China unless stated otherwise.3/50Executive summaryKey trends shaping the mobile ecosystem 5G:the growing monetisation imperative As 5G adoption grows,the monetisation imperative will escalate.A

15、wow factor is required to attract new customers or incentivise existing ones towards higher spend.Extended reality(XR)is a strong candidate here,having the potential to usher in a new age of immersive consumer experiences that benefit from 5Gs advanced capabilities around speed,latency and capacity.

16、5G fixed wireless access(FWA)services provide a further incremental revenue opportunity,particularly in markets with low fixed broadband penetration or where the fixed broadband technology mix skews towards xDSL.While the consumer segment represents the largest contributor to operator revenues,enter

17、prise is the main growth driver as operators target the digital transformation of industries.5G standalone(SA)and private 5G networks will be pivotal to enterprise 5G monetisation.The rise of generative AIMobile operators have utilised AI for a while now to varying degrees.However,the emergence of g

18、enerative AI has pushed the envelope on AI capabilities and thrust AI technology into boardroom conversations globally.Operators will use advanced AI models,such as ChatGPT,beyond network functions to deliver a smarter and more personalised customer experience.Developments in AI will also have profo

19、und effects on other sectors of the economy.Initial use cases have pertained to content development,but a further wave of tools will contextualise the use of large language models for specific industries and applications.However,ethical concerns around the technology still need to be addressed.AI re

20、gulation will therefore continue to move up the policy agenda as governments develop frameworks for regulating the use of new AI tools.The shift to circularity gathers momentumThe concept of circularity has risen to the top of the agenda for policymakers and industry players in light of growing conc

21、erns around the generation of e-waste and unsustainable levels of consumption of natural resources.Although the technical lifespan of a mobile device is now between four and seven years,the average use period of mobile devices is only around three years.Governments and industry players have a role t

22、o play in incentivising consumers,such as by building new channels and suppliers to collect,refurbish and resell devices and implementing awareness campaigns on sustainability.Operators and other ecosystem players in Asia Pacific are already taking a lead in this regard,with initiatives to drive cir

23、cularity in mobile phones and other digital devices.Consolidation drives scale and efficiencyThe wave of telco consolidation in Asia Pacific has continued into 2023,with the announcement that Dialog Axiata and Bharti Airtel plan to merge their operations in Sri Lanka.Driving this trend is the need t

24、o ramp up investments to fuel 5G rollout,improve network performance for customers and achieve efficiency gains amid growing competition and narrowing margins,as evidenced by the initial outcomes from some recent deals.In the 5G era,scale has become increasingly important for operators as they look

25、to muster the capital expenditure required for extensive network deployment,distribute and monetise new 5G services.For policymakers,adopting an evidence-based approach to assessing consolidation deals is crucial to achieving the best outcomes for consumers and industry players.Mobile is fuelling fi

26、ntechRegionally,Asia Pacific has one of the fastest-growing fintech industries,including massive mature markets such as India and emerging ones such as Vietnam and Indonesia.The continued growth in the fintech sector,especially since the Covid-19 pandemic,has improved the level of financial inclusio

27、n in the region,resulting in an increase in mobile money accounts,point of sale terminals and B2B sales,among others.Operators have been partnering with ecosystem players to diversify products and offer options such as buy now,pay later.At the same time,investors in Asia Pacific have continued their

28、 focus on fintech to improve access to a variety of financial products for both individuals and small businesses such as microlending,SME lending and B2B payments.Wealth management geared at lower-wealth segments has also gained some attention.4/50Executive summaryPolicies for growth and innovation

29、To maximise the potential for growth and innovation in the region,policymakers can take action to rebalance the digital ecosystem and create fairer business conditions for mobile operators.Such moves can ensure that operators invest in resources to build out remaining 4G infrastructure,as well as 5G

30、 networks,at scale and pace.It can also ensure the introduction of new network services that will enable the digital economy in the coming decades.In practice,this means putting in place the right incentives to promote the long-term growth of the value chain,implementing an optimal tax framework to

31、foster the development of the digital economy,reducing the regulatory compliance burden on operators,taking steps to close the digital divide(including for women and other vulnerable populations),and protecting citizens and businesses online.Meanwhile,the ITUs World Radiocommunication Conference 202

32、3(WRC-23)will take place from 20 November to 15 December 2023 in Dubai.WRC-23 will offer an opportunity to build a spectrum roadmap going into 2030,address the digital divide and ensure 5G can benefit billions of people around the world.The chance to expand the availability of affordable 5G services

33、 is crucial,as such services,along with regulatory policy support,will help ensure future growth and innovation.Key mobile industry milestones to 20301.45 billion mobile internet subscribers 4G adoption begins to decline25%5G adoption1 billion 5G connections 3G adoption falls to single digits55%mobi

34、le internet penetration67%unique subscriber penetration3 billion smartphone connections2 billion 4G connections3 billion mobile connections95%adoption of 3G/4G/5G4G adoption falls below 60%300 million 5G connections85%smartphone adoption30%5G adoption70%unique mobile subscriber penetration 4G adopti

35、on peaks at 76%600 million 5G connections90%smartphone adoption41%5G adoption 10%5G adoption2.6 billion smartphone connections2 billion unique mobile subscribers3G adoption falls below 3%202420252026202720282029203020235/50Executive summary1.73bn2.11bn2.80bn3.34bn2030202270%55%2030202220302022203020

36、221.36bn1.84bnPenetration ratePercentage of populationPenetration ratePercentage of population62%70%Penetration ratePercentage of population49%61%100%112%2022-20300.9%CAGR3.8%2022-2030CAGR2.5%2022-2030CAGRPercentage of connections(excluding licensed cellular IoT)203020222030202220302022Unique mobile

37、subscribersMobile internetusersSIM connections(excluding licensed cellular IoT)4GPercentage of connections(excluding licensed cellular IoT)5G20304%41%2022The Mobile Economy Asia Pacific203020222030202220302022Licensed cellularIoT connections$90bnPublic funding3.6 millionjobsEmploymentsupported indir

38、ectlyTotal connections119m$990bnTotalrevenuesof GDP4.8%$810bn284m2030202276%94%Operator capex$189bn$212bnMobile ecosystem contribution to public funding(before regulatory and spectrum fees)7.2 million jobsDirectly supported by the mobile ecosystem in 2022$259bnOperator revenuesand investmentSIM conn

39、ections(excluding licensed cellular IoT)4GPercentage of connections(excluding licensed cellular IoT)5GSmartphones(percentage of connections*)Mobile ecosystem contribution to GDP202220304%41%2022203020238/50Executive summarySubscriber and technology trends for key marketsAsia Pacific3G2G4G5G62%76%70%

40、94%Subscriber penetrationSmartphone adoption2022202220302030Technology mix*15+11+70+4+Q1+3+55+41+Q4%41%15%1%11%3%70%55%20222030Bangladesh3G2G4G5G58%50%66%82%Subscriber penetrationSmartphone adoption2022202220302030Technology mix*38+16+46+Q2+3+73+22+Q22%38%16%46%73%20222030Indonesia3G2G4G5G56%83%64%9

41、4%Subscriber penetrationSmartphone adoption2022202220302030Technology mix*11+3+85+1+Q4+64+32+Q1%32%11%3%85%64%20222030Pakistan3G2G4G5G40%59%43%80%Subscriber penetrationSmartphone adoption2022202220302030Technology mix*36+7+57+Q9+1+80+10+Q10%36%9%4%7%1%57%80%20222030India3G2G4G5G63%77%74%95%Subscribe

42、r penetrationSmartphone adoption2022202220302030Technology mix*23+3+74+Q3+56+41+Q41%23%3%2%3%3%72%56%20222030Leading Nations programme2*Percentage of total connections9/50Executive summarySouth Korea3G2G4G5G96%86%96%96%Subscriber penetrationSmartphone adoption2022202220302030Technology mix*1+3+54+42

43、+Q5+95+Q43%95%0.4%3%54%5%20222030Singapore3G2G4G5G94%90%95%96%Subscriber penetrationSmartphone adoption2022202220302030Technology mix*1+8+75+16+Q1+1+5+93+Q16%93%1%0.7%8%1%75%5%20222030Malaysia3G2G4G5G78%90%85%96%Subscriber penetrationSmartphone adoption2022202220302030Technology mix*5+94+1+Q30+70+Q1

44、%70%5%94%30%20222030Japan3G2G4G5G89%73%94%93%Subscriber penetrationSmartphone adoption2022202220302030Technology mix*4+70+26+Q8+92+Q26%92%4%70%8%202220302.The GSMA Leading Nations engagement(comprising Bangladesh,India,Indonesia and Pakistan)seeks to accelerate the growth of the digital economy and

45、advance the mobile industrys sustainability by lobbying for regulatory modernisation with relevant stakeholders.3.The GSMA APAC 5G Forum is a 5G industry engagement community platform to help 5G-pioneering operators and governments to collaborate in order to promote and foster the timely deployment

46、and rollout of commercial 5G networks and services(B2C,B2B,B2G)through the promotion of active sharing of knowledge,experiences and know-how of best practices related to 5G technologies,commercial strategies and industry policies.APAC 5G Forum301The mobile industry in numbers 10/50The mobile industr

47、y in numbersFigure 1Asia Pacific:mobile subscribers and penetrationMillionSource:GSMA Intelligence2030Unique mobile subscribers in Asia Pacific totalled 1.7 billion in 2022,rising to 2.1 billion by 2030There has been steady growth in unique mobile subscribers in Asia Pacific.Over the next seven year

48、s,nearly 400 million new subscribers are expected to be added.South Asia accounts for around two thirds of total mobile subscribers in Asia Pacific,and the majority of new subscribers over the period to 2030 will also come from the sub-region.Mobile penetration in Asia Pacific will reach 70%by 2030,

49、compared to the global average of 73%by the same year.The penetration rate is highest in Northeast Asia and Oceania at 82%and 79%,respectively.2,5002,0001,5001,00050002022202320242025202620272028202970%62%11/50The mobile industry in numbersThere were 1.36 billion mobile internet subscribers in Asia

50、Pacific in 2022Almost half of the population in Asia Pacific is connected to the mobile internet.The mobile internet usage gap in the region has narrowed significantly from 60%in 2017 to 47%in 2022,reflecting the increasing affordability of devices and improving digital skills.Additionally,more peop

51、le now rely on the internet for many daily activities,which has been partly driven by the Covid-19 pandemic.The mobile internet landscape in Asia Pacific is diverse:mature markets such as Australia,South Korea and New Zealand have adoption levels of over 80%,while barriers continue to impact access

52、and usage in other markets.These include poor digital skills(especially among older populations),lack of affordability of devices and services,and online safety concerns.Figure 2Mobile internet penetration by region,2022Percentage of populationSource:GSMA IntelligenceConnectedUsage gapCoverage gapGl

53、obal ChinaCISLatin AmericaAsia PacificMENASub-Saharan Africa5%1%4%41%55%20%28%35%47%55%60%79%67%62%49%39%23%6%17%4%3%12/50The mobile industry in numbersFigure 3Asia Pacific:mobile adoption by technologyPercentage of total connectionsSource:GSMA Intelligence5G will account for more than two in five m

54、obile connections by 2030 5G is gaining momentum across Asia Pacific,driven by a combination of factors,including rapid network expansion in many markets(such as India),the fall in average selling price of 5G devices and operators marketing efforts.From now to 2030,5G adoption will rise nearly sixfo

55、ld to 41%.Despite the growth of 5G in mature markets,4G will remain the dominant technology at a regional level for the foreseeable future,accounting for more than half of total connections by 2030.Meanwhile,legacy networks(2G and 3G)are on their way to being phased out.Operators in several countrie

56、s,including Australia,Japan and the Philippines,have recently announced plans to shut down legacy networks in the coming years.202280%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%202320242025202620272028202920305G4G3G2G2%3%55%41%13/50The mobile industry in numbersCountries in Asia Pacific are among global leaders in 5G a

57、doption The first wave of 5G growth was dominated by pioneer markets in North America,Western Europe,Northeast Asia and the Gulf.By the end of 2023,5G adoption will have hit the mass market in Australia(42%),Japan(47%)and South Korea(53%),putting them on par with global peers such as China(45%),Germ

58、any(35%)and the US(59%).The second wave is now underway and is being driven by the rollout of 5G networks in large emerging markets,such as India.Although 5Gs share of mobile connections will remain higher in first-wave markets by 2030,second-wave markets will record a much higher number of new 5G c

59、onnections,taking the global total to 5 billion by 2030.Figure 45G adoption in 2030Percentage of total connections*Australia,Japan,New Zealand,Singapore and South Korea Source:GSMA Intelligence5G connections(2030)Global average 54%(5.28bn)89m1.65bn280m637m438m463m1.07bnGCC states95%93%91%88%87%57%32

60、%Greater ChinaDeveloped Asia Pacific*EuropeNorth AmericaLatin AmericaRest of Asia Pacific14/50The mobile industry in numbersSmartphone adoption will rise by double digits on average over the period to 2030There will be over 3 billion smartphone connections in Asia Pacific by 2030.This will translate

61、 to a smartphone adoption rate of 94%for the region,compared to the global average of 92%.The increase in smartphone connections is consistent across the region,with both mature and emerging markets seeing significant increases in adoption rates.Availability of affordable smartphones and improved di

62、gital literacy both play a key role in smartphone adoption and usage.Some countries in Asia Pacific have launched initiatives to enhance digital skills among vulnerable groups,such as women and the elderly.In its 2023 budget,the government of India reduced customs duty on the import of some inputs f

63、or phone manufacturing,4 a positive step for the production of more affordable phones.Figure 5Smartphone adoptionPercentage of connections(excluding licensed cellular IoT)Source:GSMA Intelligence15/50The mobile industry in numbers2030202271%84%76%76%94%93%88%93%91%94%Asia PacificSouth AsiaSoutheast

64、AsiaNortheast AsiaGlobal average 92%OceaniaTop three smartphone markets in Asia Pacific(smartphone connections,2030)India1.3 billionIndonesia381 millionJapan168 million4.“Budget 2023 impact:Mobile phones expected to get cheaper in India”,India Today,February 2023Asia Pacific is home to markets with

65、some of the highest mobile data trafficMobile data traffic will more than double in countries across Asia Pacific over the period to 2030.5G is a key driver of mobile data traffic growth,as evidenced by the technologys growing share of overall mobile data traffic.According to a GSMA Intelligence sur

66、vey,5G subscribers are more interested than 4G users in adding services and content to their mobile contracts.In Asia Pacific,video and online gaming are among the top services and content utilised by 5G users.For example,Telkomsels Dunia Games,the leading e-sports organiser in Indonesia,holds the D

67、unia Games WIB Championship,which is attended by over 45 professional teams and more than 14 million online viewers.Figure 6Mobile data traffic per smartphoneGB per monthSource:GSMA Intelligence based on Ericsson Mobility Report June 2023India,Nepal,Bhutan202226Increase2.4x202862Northeast Asia202218

68、Increase3x202854Southeast Asia and Oceania202215Increase3.6x202854Global Average202216Increase2.9x20284716/50The mobile industry in numbersFigure 7Asia Pacific:licensed cellular IoT connectionsMillionSource:GSMA Intelligence300250200150100500Licensed cellular IoT connections will more than double by

69、 2030There will be more than 280 million cellular IoT connections in Asia Pacific by 2030.India,Japan and South Korea will account for nearly three quarters of these connections.There will be a boost to IoT applications as 5G networks expand across the region because 5G enables new IoT use cases bas

70、ed on its low-latency and high-capacity capabilities.IoT will be crucial to the realisation of the digital transformation ambitions of countries across Asia Pacific,as it will enable a wide range of initiatives such as smart manufacturing,smart cities,energy-efficient construction and low-impact ind

71、ustrialisation.20222023202420252026202720282029203019%11%41%28%17/50The mobile industry in numbersRest of Asia PacificIndiaJapanSouth KoreaFigure 8Asia Pacific:mobile revenue and year-on-year growthBillionSource:GSMA Intelligence$250$200$150$100$50$03.5%3.0%2.5%2.0%1.5%1.0%0.5%0.0%202320242025202620

72、27202820292030RevenueAnnual growth(%)Service diversification supports revenue growth in some marketsRevenue growth in Asia Pacific is expected to remain in positive territory,despite increasing competition,as operators continue to diversify their services and generate new revenue streams.In mature m

73、obile markets in the region,there is strong interest in online gaming,cloud and 5G-enabled immersive applications.Elsewhere,growing demand for mobile data and mobile financial services have emerged as key revenue growth drivers for operators.In Bangladesh,for example,some operators continue to recor

74、d double-digit growth in data revenues on increased usage and growing subscriptions.However,this is offset by slower growth in other countries,resulting in sluggish overall revenue growth in the region.18/50The mobile industry in numbersFigure 9Asia Pacific:mobile operator capex BillionSource:GSMA I

75、ntelligence$40$35$30$25$20$15$10$5$020%18%16%14%12%10%8%6%4%2%0%2023202420252026202720282029203019/50The mobile industry in numbersCapex as%of revenueCapexOperators will spend$259 billion on their networks during 20232030,mostly on 5G Following extensive 5G network buildout over the last few years i

76、n pioneer 5G markets,resulting in record capex intensity in some markets,capex levels in these markets will begin to moderate.The focus will instead shift towards 5G monetisation as operators seek returns on significant capital outlays.While frontier markets in the region will ramp up investments in

77、 5G in 2023,the pace of 5G rollout will not be sufficient to stem the overall decline in capex.This is because earlier network generations,such as 3G and 4G,will remain integral to the connectivity landscape for the foreseeable future.In 2022,the mobile sector added$810 billion of economic value to

78、the Asia Pacific economyIn 2022,mobile technologies and services generated 4.8%of GDP across Asia Pacific,a contribution that amounted to around$810 billion of economic value added.The greatest benefits came from productivity effects reaching$530 billion,followed by the rest of mobile ecosystem,whic

79、h generated$210 billion.Figure 10Total economic contribution of the mobile ecosystem in Asia Pacific,2022BillionSource:GSMA Intelligence4.8%3.2%0.4%0.6%0.6%Mobile operatorsRest of mobile ecosystemIndirectProductivityTotal$110$100$70$530$810Mobile ecosystem20/50The mobile industry in numbersAt the en

80、d of the decade,mobiles economic contribution will reach almost$1 trillionBy 2030,mobiles contribution will reach approximately$990 billion in Asia Pacific,driven mostly by the improvements in productivity and efficiency brought about by the increased take-up of mobile services.The Asia Pacific mobi

81、le ecosystem supported around 11 million jobs in 2022 Mobile operators and the wider mobile ecosystem directly employed around 7 million people across Asia Pacific in 2022.In addition,the economic activity in the ecosystem generated around 4 million jobs in other sectors,meaning that nearly 11 milli

82、on jobs were directly or indirectly supported.Figure 11Economic impact of mobile in Asia Pacific BillionSource:GSMA Intelligence20302022$810$990Figure 12Employment impact of the mobile industry in Asia Pacific,2022Jobs(million)Source:GSMA IntelligenceDirectIndirectTotal7.23.610.821/50The mobile indu

83、stry in numbersIn 2022,the fiscal contribution of the mobile ecosystem reached$90 billionIn 2022,the mobile sector made a substantial contribution to the funding of the public sector,with around$90 billion raised through taxes on the sector.This was driven by services VAT,sales taxes and excise duti

84、es,which generated$30 billion,followed by handset VAT,corporate taxes on profits and employment taxes at$20 billion each.Figure 13Fiscal contribution of the mobile industry in Asia Pacific,2022BillionSource:GSMA Intelligence$90$20$20$20$30Services VAT,sales taxes and excise dutiesHandset VAT,sales t

85、axes,excise and customs dutiesCorporate taxes on profitsEmployment taxes and social securityTotal22/50The mobile industry in numbers5G will add more than$130 billion to the Asia Pacific economy in 20305G is expected to benefit the Asia Pacific economy by$133 billion in 2030,or more than 13%of the ov

86、erall economic impact of mobile.Much of the 5G benefits will materialise over the period to 2030,as some countries are in early stages of deployment and 5G economic benefits will increase as the technology starts to achieve scale and widespread adoption.Figure 14Annual 5G contribution by industry in

87、 Asia PacificBillionSource:GSMA IntelligenceServices(public administration,finance,healthcare,education)Utilities management,construction,oil and gas,agricultureManufacturingRetailICTOther$140$120$100$80$60$40$20$020302029202820272026202520242023202223/50The mobile industry in numbersFigure 155G con

88、tribution by industry in Asia Pacific,2030 Percentage of total benefitSource:GSMA IntelligenceThe benefits of 5G in 2030 will focus on the services and manufacturing industries5G is expected to benefit most sectors across the Asia Pacific economy,depending on their ability to incorporate 5G use case

89、s in business.In 2030,42%of the benefits are expected to originate from the services sector and 34%from manufacturing,driven by applications that include smart factories,smart cities and smart grids.RetailUtilities management,construction,oil and gas,agricultureICTManufacturing4%1%11%8%34%42%Service

90、s(public administration,finance,healthcare,education)Other24/50The mobile industry in numbers02Mobile industry trends25/50Mobile industry trends2.1 The 5G monetisation imperative growsAt the end of March 2023,29 mobile operators in 15 markets across Asia Pacific had launched commercial 5G mobile ser

91、vices.Across the region,and elsewhere,the focus is shifting towards 5G monetisation from both the consumer and enterprise segments as operators seek returns on significant capital outlays.Encouragingly,insights from the GSMA Intelligence Consumer in Focus Survey 2022 show that the majority of 5G con

92、sumers continue to express satisfaction with their 5G network experience,with faster speeds being the top reason,and remain willing to pay extra for their mobile subscription compared to what they currently pay for their current 4G subscription.However,faster speeds alone are unlikely to sustain pri

93、cing premiums and,by extension,long-term revenue growth a wow factor is required to attract new customers or incentivise existing ones towards higher spend.XR is a strong candidate here,having the potential to usher in a new age of immersive consumer experiences that benefit from 5Gs advanced capabi

94、lities around speed,latency and capacity.The proliferation of eSIM-enabled smartphones and other devices means that operators can upsell customers to higher-value data plans by offering 5G bundles that link XR devices to a main smartphone subscription.Several operators in Asia Pacific are taking ste

95、ps in this direction:NTT Docomo has created a new unit called Qonoq that will develop XR hardware and software products.Jios subsidiary,Jio Tesseract,is building its own XR hardware.LG Uplus has developed over 3,500 pieces of high-quality 3D VR content such as movies,sports and comics.5G FWA momentu

96、m buildsAs of March 2023,17 operators in eight Asia Pacific countries offered 5G FWA services.Markets where the fixed broadband technology mix is skewed towards xDSL,such as Australia,and those with low total fixed broadband penetration,such as the Philippines,are expected to lead the growth of 5G F

97、WA in the region.In May 2023,Globe Philippines reported that FWA accounted for a quarter of its home broadband revenues,with the solution used in rural areas and as an alternative in urban areas where fibre broadband is not yet available.5G FWA is also growing in other parts of Southeast Asia,such a

98、s Indonesia and Thailand,with the potential to drive incremental revenue opportunities for operators.5Telkomsel partners with Ericsson and Qualcomm for 5G FWA solutionIn February 2023,Telkomsel,Ericsson and Qualcomm revealed plans to develop a 5G-based FWA technology roadmap in Indonesia.Having rece

99、ived clearance from the Ministry of Communications and Informatics(KemKominfo),the operators and their partners will conduct advanced 5G technology trials using new frequency spectrum of 3.5 GHz and 26 GHz via a temporary permit.The 5G FWA roadmap aims to deliver 5G SA NR-DC(new radio dual connectiv

100、ity),combining 100 MHz bandwidth at the 3.5 GHz frequency and 800 MHz bandwidth at the 26 GHz frequency for ultra-capacity,lower-latency capabilities and peak throughput speeds of up to 7.37Gbps.626/50Mobile industry trends5.The 5G FWA opportunity:a scenario for Southeast Asia,GSMA Intelligence,June

101、 20226.“Telkomsel,Ericsson,and Qualcomm strengthen collaboration on 5G-Based Fixed Wireless Access technology roadmap development to enhance digital experience in Indonesia”,Ericsson,February 2023The enterprise sector will be pivotal to 5G monetisation While the consumer segment represents the large

102、st contributor to operator revenues,the enterprise segment will be the main revenue growth driver as operators target the digital transformation of industries.5G SA will be central to operators future enterprise strategies,enabling them to unlock the full range of 5G functions,including massive mach

103、ine-type communications(mMTC),improved network slicing and ultra-reliable,low-latency capabilities.Allowing developers to directly tap into network capabilities via exposed APIs(which connect into network functions)can accelerate 5G monetisation.The GSMAs Open Gateway is the latest industry move in

104、this direction.7Globally,Asia Pacific leads the way on 5G SA commercialisation,with deployments in seven countries(Australia,India,Japan,the Philippines,Singapore,South Korea and Thailand).In Singapore,for example,operators have used 5G SA to target new revenue opportunities in a range of sectors,in

105、cluding maritime and live entertainment.8,9Figure 16Operator rankings of the benefits of 5G standalone in Asia PacificRank the following benefits of deploying 5G standalone in your network(ranking score percentage,among Asia Pacific respondents)Source:GSMA Intelligence Operators in Focus:Network Tra

106、nsformation Survey 2022Massive machine-type communicationsNetwork cost optimisationNetwork slicing capabilitiesSimplified network architectureUltra-reliable,low-latency communications support44%35%29%22%21%27/50Mobile industry trends7.Signatories in Asia Pacific to the GSMA Open Gateway MoU include

107、Axiata,Bharti Airtel,KDDI,KT,Singtel,STC,Telenor and Telstra.8.“M1 doubles down on maritime 5G”,Computer Weekly,April 20239.“Singtel welcomes F1 to Singapore with enhanced and immersive experiences across the island for locals and visitors”,Singtel,September 2022Private 5G is also gaining traction a

108、s verticals accelerate their digital transformation plans.To date,private 5G activity in Asia Pacific has been concentrated in the regions mature markets,such as Australia,Japan,South Korea and Singapore,reflecting the higher levels of digitalisation across the public and private sectors.Elsewhere,m

109、omentum is beginning to grow,such as in India and Thailand.A GSMA Intelligence survey found that 16%of operators in Asia Pacific expect private networks to account for over 20%of enterprise revenues by 2025.The contribution of private wireless to operator enterprise revenues will likely rise in the

110、second half of the decade as private 5G network equipment and devices become more readily available.10The competitive implications of private 5G networks are complex and varied.This is in part because the technology is still being developed,and even more so because of co-opetition among ecosystem pl

111、ayers,whereby companies targeting the private 5G opportunity must take a balanced approach by maintaining relationships with existing clients competing in the space.For operators,and the wider ecosystem,collaboration is crucial to build synergies and leverage key strengths to realise the private 5G

112、opportunity.Examples of such collaboration include the following:In May 2023,Singtel announced a partnership with Microsoft to make the Azure public multi-access edge compute(MEC)available for all enterprises.In March 2023,Indosat Ooredoo Hutchison partnered with Nokia to build a wide-area private w

113、ireless network in key regions in East and Central Java,Sumatra and Kalimantan.Singtel partners with Nokia for 5G IP transfer network slicingIn March 2023,Singtel and Nokia announced the successful implementation of IP transport slicing across an end-to-end 5G network.The proof of concept took place

114、 in Singtels 5G Garage,a live test facility,training centre and ideation lab,involving 5G radio,5G core and Nokias IP transport network slicing solution.It focused on evaluating the solutions capabilities to deliver end-to-end service performance for different network slices and optimise network res

115、ources on demand.The solution is expected to reduce operational expenditure by improving management and utilisation of network resources.End-to-end network slicing would also allow consumers and enterprises to access differentiated service performance and enable Singtel to provide new services,inclu

116、ding 5G VPN and slicing for enterprise applications,as well as enhanced gaming,HD streaming and XR.StarHub and Google highlight the power of combining 5G SA and edge compute In February 2023,StarHub announced its collaboration with Google Cloud to create an open and scalable cloud-native network for

117、 businesses to accelerate their digital transformation in Singapore.This joint effort involves piloting Google Distributed Cloud Edge(GDC Edge)and the Nokia 5G Standalone Core to establish a software-based 5G cloud core network.GDC Edge allows StarHub to run core network functions at the edge,enhanc

118、ing the delivery,scalability and performance of services while reducing operational costs.Through this collaboration,StarHub aims to improve customer experience,explore new business models and increase revenue opportunities by providing secure,low-latency and optimised software-driven 5G networks to

119、 subscribers and enterprise customers in various industries such as manufacturing,retail,hospitality and transportation.28/50Mobile industry trends10.Exploring 5G private network opportunities in Asia Pacific,GSMA Intelligence,20232.2 Generative AI on the riseMobile operators have utilised AI for a

120、while now to varying degrees,from improving network operations11 and customer service to achieving efficiencies and cost savings.12 However,the emergence of generative AI has brought new AI capabilities to the fore,beyond basic functionalities such as responding to simple queries,call routing and sm

121、art handover to agents.Emerging generative AI use cases for operators include the potential to automate more complex functions that require a better understanding of context,given the improved ability of AI to follow a conversation,and advanced synthesis of information.In South Korea,for example,KT

122、has built such capabilities into its generative AI tool,known as MI:DEUM,which it plans to launch in the second half of 2023.Beyond the application of advanced AI capabilities within network operations,operators and enterprises in different sectors are moving to integrate generative AI into their bu

123、siness operations to deliver a more personalised service to customers.In Japan,the government is developing a national AI strategy that aims to harness the potential of AI to tackle various economic and social challenges,such as those associated with an ageing population.SoftBank plans to develop a

124、Japanese equivalent of ChatGPT,while NTT has announced that it will develop its own large language model that it will offer to other enterprises.13 In South Korea,SK Telecom plans to launch A.,its AI chatbot and alternative to ChatGPT,in 2023.It plans to integrate the technology into various service

125、s,including e-commerce and music streaming in order to create more customised bundles of services for customers in real time and on demand.14 Infusing AI applications into enterprise use casesEarly applications of generative AI in enterprises pertain to content development.In the short term,generati

126、ve AI will assist those producing content or code,by minimising time spent on research and write-up.Beyond this,upcoming AI tools will be able to produce business strategy slides,summarise long legal documents,produce charts from complex data,shoot original video content,write social media posts and

127、 help with software development.15A further wave of tools will contextualise the use of such large language models for specific industries and applications.These will enable enterprise interaction through API connections.Goldman Sachs estimates that as natural language processing tools make their wa

128、y into businesses and society,they could drive a 7%increase(almost$7 trillion)in global GDP and lift productivity growth by 1.5 percentage points over a 10-year period.16In May 2023,Tata Consultancy Services selected Google Clouds generative AI tools to launch its own offering aimed at developing cu

129、stomised services for its enterprise clients across the retail,smart manufacturing and robotics sectors.17 In Singapore,Singtel is collaborating with Microsoft and Nvidia to combine AI and 5G so that enterprises can boost their innovation and productivity.Using Nvidias full-stack accelerated computi

130、ng platform optimised for Microsoft Azure public MEC,the operator is creating solutions that allow customers to leverage AI video analytics for multiple use cases and to deploy 5G conversational avatars powered by large language models.29/50Mobile industry trends11.The essential role of AI in improv

131、ing energy efficiency,GSMA Intelligence,202112.ChatGPT and other advanced AI for operators:smarter and more personalised customer experience,GSMA Intelligence,202313.“Japan looks to play catch-up on generative AI”,Japan Times,May 202314.“A South Korean telco giant has its own A.I.chatbot and says it

132、s a super app version of ChatGPT”,CNBC,April 202315.Generative AI gets to work:the enterprise opportunity,GSMA Intelligence,202316.“Generative AI could raise global GDP by 7%”,Goldman Sachs,April 202317.“TCS tools up for generative AI with Google Cloud”,Mobile World Live,May 2023The rise of generati

133、ve AI tools comes at a time when enterprises across various sectors are seeking ways to achieve efficiency and productivity gains.Using these tools,enterprises will create significant demand for data traffic and reliable network-based services,such as edge compute and ultra-low-latencyapplications,w

134、hich 5G networks are well placed to deliver.As highlighted in a recent GSMA Intelligence report,18 operators have the potential to seek growth in this space through relevant services,for example by integrating 5G services with support for generative AI.AI regulation will be a growing priorityDespite

135、 the potential to reap significant benefits from the application of advanced AI in business and society,there are valid ethical concerns around the technology that still need to be addressed.In June 2023,a group of technology companies(including Google,Microsoft and OpenAI)co-signed a statement with

136、 other stakeholders warning of the risks of AI.The statement,published by the Center for AI Safety,states that the need to mitigate the risk of extinction from AI is a global priority.Threats include the spread of misinformation and violations of data privacy laws associated with how generative AI m

137、odels generate new outputs based on the data they have been trained on,and concerns around the impact of new AI tools on employment and education.As enthusiasm for AI development and the desire to be at the forefront of deployments gain momentum,AI regulation is likely to continue to move up the pol

138、icy agenda,with governments and other authorities looking to develop frameworks for regulating the use of new AI tools.19 Operators and vendors are among those who will reap the benefits of AI deployment;therefore,it is essential for them to be involved in initiatives that promote AI ethics and limi

139、t the risks.Figure 17 Examples of different sectors and businesses already utilising generative AI Source:GSMA Intelligence CountrySectorExampleAustraliaGraphic designCanva,an Australian graphic design platform,integrates generative AI to simplify the design process.Its Magic Design feature uses gen

140、erative algorithms to assist users in creating aesthetically pleasing designs by suggesting layouts,colours and elements.IndiaLogisticsLocus,an Indian logistics optimisation platform,employs generative AI for route planning and fleet management.Its algorithms generate optimised delivery routes,consi

141、dering factors such as traffic,weather conditions and vehicle capacities.Japan E-commerceRakuten has deployed online chatbots and recommendation systems that utilise generative models to provide personalised customer experiences.SingaporeFinancial servicesAdvance.AI leverages generative AI for fraud

142、 detection and risk assessment in financial services.Its models analyse large volumes of data to identify patterns and anomalies,helping businesses mitigate risks.30/50Mobile industry trends18.Generative AI gets to work:the enterprise opportunity,GSMA Intelligence,202319.For example,see“India planni

143、ng to regulate AI platforms like ChatGPT”,Times of India,May 20232.3 The shift to circularity gathers momentumThere are nearly 3 billion active feature phone and smartphone connections across Asia Pacific,a figure that will rise by more than 300 million by the end of this decade.Against this backdro

144、p,the concept of circularity has risen to the top of the agenda for policymakers and industry players in light of growing concerns around the generation of e-waste and unsustainable levels of consumption of natural resources.For example,the circular way of thinking is becoming the norm in the produc

145、tion of mobile phones,with OEMs developing long-life devices and using recyclable and recycled materials as a means to reduce the number of devices and components that end up as waste.As a result,the technical lifespan of a mobile device is now between four and seven years.20 However,this is not yet

146、 matched by the average use period of mobile devices,which is around three years.21 This suggests that the biggest barrier to reducing waste is consumer behaviour.As such,incentivising consumers will be crucial to success,although this could be complicated by a variety of factors that affect their c

147、hoices,such as affordability,information availability,social norms and personal preferences.Governments and industry players have a role to play in incentivising consumers.For example,there is an opportunity to build new channels and suppliers to collect,refurbish and resell devices,as well as educa

148、te consumers and implement awareness campaigns on sustainability.Operators and other ecosystem players across Asia Pacific are already taking a lead in this regard,with initiatives to drive circularity in mobile phones and other digital devices.The circular way of thinking is becoming the norm in th

149、e production of mobile phones,with OEMs developing long-life devices and using recyclable and recycled materials as a means to reduce the number of devices and components that end up as waste.31/50Mobile industry trends20.Miliute-Plepiene,J.and Youhanan,L.(2019),E-waste and raw materials:from enviro

150、nmental issues to business models,IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.21.StatistaInitiatives to drive circularity The GSMA partners with mobile operators to tackle the problem of dormant phonesIn June 2023,the GSMA teamed up with 12 global operators,including Globe,KDDI and Singtel,to take

151、back and recycle or repair more than 5 billion unused mobile phones in an effort to tackle e-waste.The initiative builds on efforts by the mobile industry to move away from the traditional take-make-dispose approach to the materials used in mobile phones and highlights the importance of working coll

152、ectively to accelerate the transition to greater circularity.In November 2022,the European Chemical Society(EuChemS)identified 30 elements usually used in smartphones.Out of these,11 were identified as elements with limited availability,which may cause risks to future supply,while the unsustainable

153、usage of seven elements used in smartphones would pose a serious risk in the next 100 years.The GSMA estimates that a refurbished phone can have an 87%lower climate impact than a newly manufactured phone,and if properly recycled,5 billion mobile phones could recover$8 billion worth of gold,palladium

154、,silver,copper,rare earth elements and other critical minerals,and enough cobalt for 10 million electric car batteries.Figure 18 The concept of the circular economySource:GSMAExtraction and raw materialProduct manufacturingProduct distributionCustomer usageDisposalLandfill and greenhouse gas emissio

155、nsReuseRefurbishRecycle32/50Mobile industry trendsAustralia:national take-back schemeMobileMuster is accredited under the Australian governments Recycling and Waste Reduction Act 2020,which stipulates annual key performance indicators(KPIs)related to the volume of mobile phones and accessories colle

156、cted,annual collection rate,landfill diversion rate,recycling rate and program accessibility.The initiative has reported meeting its KPIs,including achieving a collection rate of 62.5%and meeting a recycling rate of 99%.Australia:Optus recycling initiativeOptus launched its Circular Economy Roadmap

157、with a target to make all Optus-branded products packaging 100%recyclable,reusable or compostable by 2025.In 2023,the operator launched an environmentally friendly modem,made from 95%recycled plastic and 100%recyclable packaging with no single-use plastics.New 5G SIMs are now 52%smaller than before,

158、removing up to 10 tonnes of single-use plastics from circulation.Optus customers can also recycle or repurpose their old handsets,modems,smartwatches and devices through Optus Donate Your Device and MobileMuster programmes.Some of these devices are repurposed and made available to disadvantaged memb

159、ers of the community;similarly,data allowances from customers are made available to disadvantaged members through Optus Donate Your Data programme.Japan:NTT Docomo waste-neutral initiativeIn February 2023,NTT Docomo announced its latest Arrows N F-51C smartphone,an environmentally friendly 5G smartp

160、hone within FCNTs(formerly Fujitsu Connected Technologies Limited)Arrows brand of devices.FCNT is the first smartphone manufacturer in Japan to launch waste compensation services paired with a mobile phone.The Arrows N F-51C smartphone comes with waste compensation,which means that a new phone is li

161、nked to the collection and recycling of a scrap device.The waste reduction is used to compensate the new device,making it waste-neutral.Japan:KDDI waste service collaborationKDDI has established a programme for waste treatment and collects e-waste in partnership with certified local companies,fulfil

162、ling the criteria that are based on Japans Green Purchasing Act.KDDI also offers a paid membership service that provides customers with support in the event of malfunction,loss,theft or other incidents that may occur with smartphones or tablets.Philippines:Globe E-Waste Zero initiativeGlobes E-Waste

163、 Zero focuses on the responsible disposal and recycling of electronic waste,which is one of the fastest-growing waste streams in the Philippines today.The recovery and recycling programme ensures that e-waste old mobile phones,broken chargers and other electronic gadgets do not end up in landfills.I

164、t aims not just to promote proper disposal but also to educate people about the potential harm of e-waste to the environment.Thailand:e-waste drop points initiativeThailands Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment(MONRE)has joined forces with AIS to create over 2,300 e-waste drop points around

165、 the country and raise awareness on proper disposal.Mobile phones,tablets,batteries,power banks,chargers and headphones are some of the e-waste that can be disposed of at AIS shops,department stores,universities,MONRE provincial offices and Samsung service centres nationwide.Once collected,the e-was

166、te goes to waste separation plants to be dismantled according to type(such as circuits,batteries,steel,silver,gold,and plastic)and then recycled into plastic beads,steel plates,gold and silver bars,and other materials.33/50Mobile industry trends2.4 Consolidation is driving scale and efficiencyIn May

167、 2023,Dialog Axiata and Bharti Airtel entered into a binding term sheet to combine their operations in Sri Lanka,subject to shareholder and regulatory approvals.This marked the continuation of a wave of telco consolidations that has swept across Asia Pacific in recent years,changing the competitive

168、landscape in several markets.An underlying factor is the need to ramp up investments to fuel 5G rollout,improve network performance for customers and achieve efficiency gains amid growing competition and narrowing margins.Some examples and their initial outcomes are highlighted in this section.Indon

169、esia:Indosat Ooredoo Hutchison records improved financial performance post merger Indosat Ooredoo and Hutchison 3 Indonesia announced their$6 billion merger in September 2021 and completed the process in February 2022.The deal gave the entity,Indosat Ooredoo Hutchison(IOH),a market share of 28%and t

170、he scale it needed to reach millions of additional customers,particularly in rural and hard-to-reach areas.In March 2023,the companys financial results showed that total revenue increased by 49%to IDR46.7 trillion($3.119 billion)in the year after the merger,attributable to an increase in data and in

171、terconnection revenue,while net profit grew by 76%to IDR1.5 trillion($100 million)in the same period.Meanwhile,data from analytics firm Opensignal22 shows there has been a positive impact on users mobile network experience,based on improved download speeds since the merger.Following the successful i

172、ntegration of more than 46,000 sites,using multi-operator core network(MOCN)technology,smartphone users have seen a marked increase in 4G speeds and now spend more time connected.This,in turn,contributes directly to improved commercial performance.Figure 19Indosat Ooredoo Hutchison:scale before and

173、after mergerCK HutchisonIndosatIndosat Ooredoo HutchisonMarket share11%17%28%Position322Source:GSMA Intelligence34/50Mobile industry trends22.“IOH users see a substantial boost in mobile network experience following the merger”,Opensignal,June 2023Malaysia:CelcomDigi targets$1.2 billion in network s

174、avingsCelcom and Digi,subsidiaries of Axiata and Telenor respectively,announced a$10 billion merger in April 2021,completing the process in November 2022 to form the largest telco in Malaysia.In May 2023,the new entity,CelcomDigi,outlined a three-year network integration plan designed to expand 4G c

175、overage but with fewer base stations.The operator will decommission 7,000 sites and build 2,000 new ones to increase population coverage to 98%.The move will reduce network operating costs by MYR5.5 billion($1.2 billion)and IT expenses by MYR1.1 billion($235 million)over three years.Figure 20CelcomD

176、igi:scale before and after mergerCelcomDigiCelcomDigiMarket share21%24%45%Position321Source:GSMA Intelligence35/50Mobile industry trendsIn the 5G era,scale will become increasingly important for operators as they look to muster the capital expenditure required for extensive network deployment,distri

177、bute and monetise new 5G services to consumers and enterprises,and drive cost efficiencies within their operations.This is reflected by the proposed merger between Dialog Axiata and Bharti Airtel in Sri Lanka,as the new entity expects to leverage Airtels vast presence in the country,including a dist

178、ribution network of more than 50,000 retailers.As part of the necessary approvals,local authorities have,in most cases,put conditions in place aimed at protecting end users and addressing concerns about the potential impact on competition,prices and quality of service.In Thailand,for example,the Nat

179、ional Broadcasting and Telecommunications Commission set conditions for Dtac and True,including price controls,separate rates for voice,data and messaging,and the independent verification of costs and service pricing.The merged entity is also required to roll out a 5G network to 75%of the population

180、 within three years.An extensive GSMA study of the impact of the Hutchison/Orange merger in Austria on network coverage and quality,which has ramifications beyond that market,showed that the merger had a significant positive impact overall for consumers in terms of network innovation and quality.24

181、For policymakers,adopting an evidence-based approach to assessing consolidation deals is crucial to achieving the best outcomes for consumers and industry players.Thailand:True-Dtac merger leads to faster broadband speeds for subscribersTotal Access Communication(Dtac)and True Corporation announced

182、an$8.6 billion merger(which retained the name True Corporation)in November 2021,completing the process in February 2023 to form the largest telco in Thailand.Post merger,customers are now benefiting from improved network quality and access to high-speed 5G with 2600 MHz and better 4G/5G coverage on

183、700 MHz in all 77 provinces of Thailand.A study by Opensignal shows a marked improvement in 5G speeds for Dtac customers,from 29.6 Mbps in December 2022 to 82.1 Mbps in March 2023 after the merger.23 This was attributed to Dtac gaining access to TrueMove Hs 2.6 GHz spectrum,given that it did not sec

184、ure any frequencies in this band in the 2020 spectrum auction and had deployed 5G in the 700 MHz band.The newly combined operator also aims to accelerate the realisation of revenue synergies,by utilising cross-selling and upselling opportunities and cost efficiencies to ensure sustainable future gro

185、wth.Figure 21True Corporation:scale before and after mergerDtacTrue CorporationTrue Corporation (post merger)Market share21%33%54%Position321Source:GSMA Intelligence36/50Mobile industry trends23.“Telecom merger boosting 5G speeds”,Bangkok Post,June 202324.An evaluation of the Hutchison/Orange merger

186、 in Austria,GSMA,2017Figure 22 Major fintech companies in Asia Pacific by total funding amount as of 2022 BillionSource:Crunchbase via Statista2.5 Mobile connectivity fuelling fintech solutionsFintech has become more prominent in recent years,partly due to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on digi

187、tal services.As more consumers take a digital-first approach to lifestyle services(e.g.shopping and entertainment),and new services and applications become mainstream(e.g.the metaverse and Web3),fintech will be an increasingly important tool for people and businesses to fulfil transactions in a digi

188、tal environment.As a result,the fintech space is,unsurprisingly,attracting innovation and significant amounts of investment.For example,2021 was a bumper year for fintech companies globally,with KPMG figures placing total investments at$225 billion.25 While investor sentiment fell in 2022 due to the

189、 deteriorating global political and macroeconomic environment,resulting in a 30%decline in overall funding,the Asia Pacific region bucked the trend with a marginal 0.6%increase in venture capital funding to$50.5 billion in 2022.One97(India)Tokopedia(Indonesia)PhonePe(India)IndusInd Banks(India)Pine

190、Labs(India)Zip Co(Australia)OfBusiness(India)Toss(South Korea)Airwallex(Australia)Razorpay(India)Cred(India)TNG Digital(Malaysia)BharatPe(India)$0.70$0.72$0.80$0.88$0.93$1.74$0.71$0.74$0.84$0.89$1.31$2.26$4.8137/50Mobile industry trends25.Statista The growing shift to digital lifestyles and enabling

191、 regulations are among the factors that underpin the strong performance of the fintech sector in Asia Pacific.For example,the Monetary Authority of Singapore(MAS)and the State Bank of Pakistan have set up regulatory sandboxes that let financial institutions and fintech companies experiment with prod

192、ucts and services in a safe and controlled environment without the need for regulatory approval.Meanwhile,in February 2023,the MAS and the Reserve Bank of India linked up their respective digital payment systems,Singapores PayNow and Indias Unified Payments Interface,to enable customers in both coun

193、tries to send and receive funds between bank accounts or e-wallets in real time.Digital payments continue to be the most widely available and adopted fintech service,driven by the demand for faster,safer and lower-cost payment solutions from consumers and businesses.An array of digital payment solut

194、ions including mobile payments,QR code payments and contactless payments are on rise.Among these,cross-border QR linkages will further strengthen cooperation for payment connectivity to support faster,cheaper and more transparent payments.In November 2022,the central banks of Indonesia,Thailand,Mala

195、ysia,Singapore and the Philippines signed an MoU that reaffirms Asias fintech ambitions.Several other segments are beginning to gain traction in Asia Pacific as well.One such segment is buy now,pay later(BNPL)services,a type of short-term financing that allows consumers to make purchases and pay for

196、 them in instalments,often interest-free,over a period of time.Leading BNPL fintech companies in Asia Pacific include Singapore-based Atome,which currently partners with over 15,000 online and offline retailers in 10 different markets in the region,and Indonesia-based Akulaku,which serves over 26 mi

197、llion users across Indonesia,the Philippines and Malaysia.The rise of super-appsThe concept of the super-app a one-stop app that a fintech provider uses to provide access to multiple services through a single interface to create new financial solutions has come to the fore in recent years,as digital

198、 platforms increasingly seek to diversify their service offerings.Grab and Gojek,arguably the two biggest super-app developers in Asia Pacific,have successfully diversified from just ride-hailing services to include a suite of other services,including fintech.Popular Vietnamese e-wallet MoMo is also

199、 entering super-app territory by allowing users to buy insurance,pay bills,buy cinema tickets,pay for Netflix subscriptions and shop online.Similarly,Indias Paytm is expanding beyond QR code and mobile payments to enable a wide range of services,including payments for utility bills,cinema and event

200、tickets,credit card bills and school fees.Super-apps will define the way people access digital services in the future and fintech will play a central role by allowing users to fulfil transactions within a digital environment.Opportunities for mobile operatorsConnectivity is the primary enabler for f

201、intech services.Furthermore,the ubiquitous nature of mobile networks and growing adoption of smartphones puts mobile connectivity at the heart of many fintech solutions.Beyond basic connectivity,mobile operators in some markets in Asia Pacific have ventured into the fintech space through various mod

202、els,including mobile money,direct investments,and partnerships with fintech companies and financial institutions.For example,the Philippines Smart Communications has teamed up with US-based fintech company Plentina to allow its subscribers to access a BNPL service that enables them to conveniently t

203、ake out a micro consumer loan.Enabling policy and regulatory measures have played a part in enabling fintech solutions by encouraging businesses to offer mobile money as a payment mode and offering licences to operators to initiate financial services.Enabling regulations go beyond just permitting op

204、erators to be active in this space they also enable collaborations with other ecosystem players.Alongside an enabling regulatory environment,other factors that will sustain the growth of fintech products and services in Asia Pacific include changing consumer behaviours,improving connectivity and gro

205、wing access to smartphones.38/50Mobile industry trends03Mobile industry impact 39/50Mobile industry impact3.1 Mobiles impact on SDGsIn 2022,the mobile industry accelerated its impact on the UN Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)in Asia Pacific as countries took steps to help economies recover.Within

206、 the region,SDG 9:Industry,Innovation and Infrastructure,SDG 4:Quality Education and SDG 5:Gender Equality scored highest because of growing mobile internet and smartphone adoption and rising digital literacy.Boosting industry,innovation and infrastructure SDG 9 aims to build resilient infrastructur

207、e,promote inclusive and sustainable industrialisation,and deliver affordable internet access for all.Mobile technology contributes significantly to innovation and industrial development in terms of critical infrastructure and as a catalyst for other sectors.Connectivity enables industrial processes

208、and manufacturing to utilise enhanced technological advancements such as AI,IoT and blockchain.5G technologies will continue to play a major role in bringing innovation to various sectors including healthcare,finance,transportation and education by strengthening the capability of operators to provid

209、e seamless connectivity and exceptional network performance.Operators across Asia Pacific have been working with other ecosystem players to explore new use cases for 5G and other transformative technologies,such as the following:CelcomDigi and SK Telecom have signed an MoU to explore and develop an

210、operator-led mobile metaverse platform in Malaysia.The focus is to develop and offer metaverse and AI use cases in various verticals,such as education,health,retail and entertainment,optimised for Malaysia via CelcomDigis innovation centre.Dtac introduced 5G IoT solutions for smart factory,smart log

211、istics and smart utilities to contribute to Thailands digital transformation objectives.The operator also introduced private 5G network solutions for enterprises to take advantage of edge computing and other features such as IoT,AI,machine learning,AR,VR and real-time data processing.Figure 23 Mobil

212、es impact on the SDGs in Asia Pacific Source:GSMA IntelligenceHighest SDG scores40/50Mobile industry impactCambodia:women-focused bookkeeping app Kotra Riel,a digital bookkeeping app in Cambodia,allows users to track business income,expenses,inventory and cash flow,as well as create data visualisati

213、ons and generate business transaction reports.The app is helping to educate female entrepreneurs on financial literacy and to digitise bookkeeping behaviour.The ability to document business records digitally allows women to produce the necessary documentation to process loan applications.Improving a

214、ccess to education SDG 4 focuses on ensuring inclusive and equitable quality education and lifelong learning opportunities for all.Mobile technology helps students,teachers and employees to learn/teach from any location and on the move.Educational content,as well as educational administration and ma

215、nagement,is increasingly being made available over mobile networks to tablets,smartphones and feature phones.For example,Indian operator Jio offers a range of education platforms by partnering with institutions across the country.These include virtual classrooms and the Open edX platform,which are a

216、vailable to both students and teachers in government schools,enabling students to participate in real-time classroom settings from any location.Connectivity is pivotal to enhancing the digital learning experience.Operators continued efforts to improve connectivity and access to the internet has enha

217、nced the quality of education in schools.In Nepal,Nepal Telecom provided 4G services for schools in Simkot and Namkha,helping over 30 schools in rural municipalities to connect to the internet.Ecosystem partnerships,such as the ones highlighted below,are also crucial to drive innovation and advanced

218、 solutions to support the education sector:Xiaomi India and non-profit organisation United Way India are working together to support digital learning for over 4,000 students across 12 government schools and 1 government-aided school.They plan to establish innovative tinkering labs to provide better

219、insight into digital education and improve the learning experience of students.Dialog Enterprise has unveiled Convergence Tech Identity(CTI),a digital education credentials service,in partnership with Convergence Tech in Sri Lanka.CTI digital certificates will be based on standards promoted by the D

220、igital Credentials Consortium and enable students to receive cryptographically secure and unforgeable digital credentials.Empowering female entrepreneurs Mobile phones provide ongoing access to information,healthcare,education,e-commerce,financial services and income-generating opportunities.Yet,the

221、 digital divide within Asia Pacific remains considerably high.SDG 5 focuses on achieving gender equality and empowering all women and girls.The mobile industry contributes to SDG 5 by increasing womens access to and use of mobile technology to enhance their lives and increase their level of particip

222、ation and leadership in the technology industry.Empowering women with mobile phones also helps to accelerate social and economic development.Micro-enterprise is one of the sectors contributing significantly to economies,and using a mobile phone for business can allow female micro-entrepreneurs to co

223、mbine family and work life,as they can connect with customers and business contacts and conduct marketing,sales and financial transactions more conveniently.A GSMA survey in Indonesia indicated that using a mobile phone helped micro-entrepreneurs to increase their customer base,as existing clients c

224、onnected them with new clients by passing on their mobile number,and also showed that micro-entrepreneurs used GPS to locate customer addresses more easily for delivery.2641/50Mobile industry impact26.Empowering women micro-entrepreneurs through mobile,GSMA,20233.2 Mobile operators improving public

225、service deliveryThe rollout of 5G and IoT facilitates the collection of real-world data in real-time as well as the processing of this data using AI capabilities.Mobile operators are using anonymised mobile data and AI to deliver valuable products and services that can help governments and public ag

226、encies to build their capacities and address pressing global challenges,such as improving healthcare delivery and achieving sustainable development.Across Asia Pacific,local authorities are increasingly using data and insights developed by mobile operators to enable better planning and service deliv

227、ery in different sectors,such as the following examples:Vietnams Sc Trng province has unveiled an intelligent operations centre in partnership with mobile operator Viettel.The centre will help improve governance and contribute to the implementation of smart city services.XL Axiata with PT Jakarta In

228、frastruktur Propertindo plan to build a digital solution for waste management,smart buildings and licence plate recognition in Indonesia.Mobile operators,along with other ecosystem players,have also been at the forefront in terms of providing the required connectivity for the innovative delivery of

229、utility services,including smart metering,wastewater monitoring and clean cooking solutions.This includes the following:Telkomsel has collaborated with government-owned water utility Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum(PDAM)to design an IoT-based smart metering system in Indonesia.The system provides pressu

230、re,temperature and water level data directly to PDAM every 30 minutes.The solution uses NB-IoT technology and has the potential to connect up to 300,000 devices.Spark announced that water services provider Watercare has rolled out smart loggers on water meters for commercial premises in Auckland,New

231、 Zealand.The smart loggers are part of a managed service platform by Spark IoT that includes a device and SIM management platform to manage devices and data at scale.Water meters connected on the Spark NB-IoT network provide usage information to Watercare in real time.In February 2023,the Pakistan g

232、overnment,in partnership with Huawei,launched the Smart Village Pakistan project to digitally transform remote and rural communities with internet connectivity and provide residents with access to digital services.The pilot project is a part of the nationwide Smart Villages of Pakistan initiative la

233、unched by the Ministry of Technology and Telecommunication,together with Universal Service Fund(USF),the International Telecommunication Union and Huawei.Across Asia Pacific,local authorities are increasingly using data and insights developed by mobile operators to enable better planning and service

234、 delivery in different sectors.42/50Mobile industry impact3.3 Mobile addressing climate change issuesAsia Pacific is vulnerable to climate change risks,especially for several densely populated coastal cities that are susceptible to rising sea water levels and large rural populations that rely on agr

235、iculture for their livelihood.In South Asia,for example,the agriculture sector,which accounts for the largest share of total employment,faces multiple risks.These include flooding,droughts and saline intrusion,worsened by rising sea levels.27Mobile operators are leveraging their assets and offering

236、new services and solutions to combat climate change issues,from supporting farmers and tech startups working on climate-related issues to enabling new solutions for disaster management.Mobile operators are jointly developing solutions to forecast weather patterns and predict futurepopulation displac

237、ement.Mobile money is also being used to deliver climate finance,such as loans or insurance,or for relief aid for communities especially impacted by climate change.For example,in Japan,KDDI and SBI Investment have jointly established a green fund to invest up to JPY5 billion($36 million)over five ye

238、ars and contribute to the carbon neutrality goals of both KDDI and society.Meanwhile,in Indonesia,XL Axiata worked with the Jakarta municipal government and Nodeflux to develop a flood detection solution to monitor and evaluate water levels in dams,sewers and waterways,along with groundwater levels.

239、The solution leverages AI to help the government to better predict floods and respond effectively by citizen alerts,resulting in less injury and reduced loss of life and property.43/50Mobile industry impact27.Bangladeshs Agriculture,Natural Resources,and Rural Development Sector Assessment and Strat

240、egy,Asian Development Bank,2023 04Mobile industry enablers 44/50Mobile industry enablers4.1 Policies for growth and innovation Countries in Asia Pacific continue to advance along the path to fully fledged digital nations.As the region continues to bounce back from the Covid-19 pandemic,connectivity

241、will remain crucial to rebuilding economies and making them more resilient to future shocks.5G networks,cloud services,edge computing,AI,big data and IoT will all play a key role in realising the full potential of a post-pandemic digital economy.5G adoption has been largely driven by relatively matu

242、re markets and consumer use cases,but this trend is now changing.Within Asia Pacific,future growth is expected to come from key markets such as India,28 which recently launched 5G networks with the expansion of services from Airtel and Jio in 2023.Meanwhile,some countries in the region,including Ind

243、ia,Japan and South Korea,have begun setting their 6G vision,with plans to implement the technology by the end of this decade.To realise these ambitions and maximise the potential for growth and innovation in the region,policymakers can take action to rebalance the digital ecosystem and create fairer

244、 business conditions for mobile operators.Such moves can ensure operators invest in resources to build out remaining 4G infrastructure,as well as 5G networks,at scale and pace and introduce new network services that will enable the digital economy in the coming decades.The investment challengeThe vo

245、lume of data crossing telecoms networks is growing exponentially as more people take advantage of broadband connectivity and the demand for data-heavy digital content proliferates.To accommodate the rising flow of digital traffic and sustain service performance,mobile operators must constantly inves

246、t to expand their network capacity,close coverage gaps and deploy new technologies.Between 2023 and 2030,mobile operators in Asia Pacific are set to invest$259 billion,most of it in 5G deployments.All segments of the internet ecosystem should have the opportunity to make fair returns in a competitiv

247、e marketplace.Business leaders and policymakers need to consider the interdependence of the many services on the internet to ensure that market distortions,regulatory requirements or other factors do not limit the ability of participants across the internet ecosystem to make sufficient returns.They

248、should also make sure that the right incentives are in place to promote the long-term growth of the value chain.Depending on individual market circumstances,sector-specific regulatory and fiscal requirements,combined with market imbalances,put additional pressure on operators ongoing investments to

249、maintain,expand and evolve their networks to meet the expectations of their customers and achieve broader public policy objectives.Examples of such requirements include asymmetric regulatory obligations,sector-specific taxes and fees,and network deployment costs and restrictions.Different approaches

250、 may be appropriate in different markets to address any market imbalances,but the goal is the same:to deliver and sustain digital connectivity for everyone for decades to come.To realise these ambitions and maximise the potential for growth and innovation in the region,policymakers can take action t

251、o rebalance the digital ecosystem and create fairer business conditions for mobile operators.45/50Mobile industry enablers28.“Second wave of 5G:30 countries to launch services in 2023”,GSMA,February 2023Reconciling mobile-sector taxation with digital policy objectivesA lean and well-structured tax r

252、egime for telecommunications will promote the health and sustainability of the mobile sector while generating reasonable revenues for the government.In contrast,a poorly structured tax regime will have a distortive impact,reducing affordability of mobile services,undermining operators investment in

253、mobile infrastructure and decreasing government revenues over the long run.For example,a recent GSMA study29 reviewing mobile taxes and fees in Bangladesh reveals that the mobile sector in the country is subject to a considerably large and complex tax burden,which constrains both investment into the

254、 network and consumer uptake of mobile services and could jeopardise the realisation of the governments vision for Smart Bangladesh.30For many countries in Asia Pacific,mobile-sector taxation reform would lead to greater adoption and use of mobile connectivity.This would generate higher GDP and tax

255、receipts for governments in the medium term from the resulting rise in economic activity and productivity across the economy.Governments should therefore balance the objectives of government funding through mobile-sector taxation with fostering digital development.Based on internationally accepted p

256、rinciples of taxation,an optimal tax framework should incorporate the following recommendations:Sector-specific levies should be reduced or removed,making the tax regime more equitable and broadly based,thereby improving the financial sustainability of the industry.The tax regime should be simple,ea

257、sily understandable and enforceable to minimise compliance costs.The overall tax burden on mobile consumers(e.g.SIM activation,excise taxes,additional VAT on handsets)should be reduced to improve affordability and demand for mobile services.Taxes on profits should be preferred to taxes levied on rev

258、enues.Reducing the regulatory compliance burdenRigid licensing regimes and other regulatory constraints such as local permit requirements for rights of way(RoWs)continue to be bottlenecks for the rollout of 4G and 5G networks.Policymakers and regulators can fuel growth and innovation by finding the

259、proper balance in the regulatory environment to support mobile network deployment and operations.Specifically,policymakers should take the following steps:They should implement technology-neutral and simplified licensing procedures,documentation and other requirements to enhance the ease of doing bu

260、siness.They should harmonise domestic radiofrequency electromagnetic field(RF-EMF)limits with international guidelines based on scientific studies produced by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection(ICNIRP).31 5G networks will make greater use of higher frequencies,small ce

261、lls and active antennas to provide higher capacity with greater energy efficiency.So that 5G networks can be effectively and fully deployed and make best use of these technologies,countries need to update the RF-EMF compliance framework in line with scientifically studied limits to avoid hurdles cau

262、sed by unduly restrictive limits.RoW rules have historically been a bottleneck in infrastructure rollout in many countries.Timely approvals at low or no cost and a system that is uniformly implemented at all levels of governance in countries are crucial for successful infrastructure creation.Small c

263、ells are a key enabler of 5G deployment and the ease of their deployment on street furniture should be an important policy consideration for countries.India amended its RoW rules in August 2022 to introduce some reforms to this effect.32For many countries in Asia Pacific,mobile-sector taxation refor

264、m would lead to greater adoption and use of mobile connectivity.46/50Mobile industry enablers29.Review of mobile taxes and fees in Bangladesh,GSMA,202330.Bangladeshs Digital Flagship Program a2i Places Country Closer to Becoming a Developed Nation by 2041,Newsfile,May 202231.The ICNIRP(1998)guidelin

265、es are WHO approved and the basis of EMF protection policy in more than 130 countries around the world.32.Indian Telegraph Right of Way-Amendment Rules,2022 Policy actions to close the digital divideMobile connectivity is the key pillar for connecting people,helping businesses tap into the digital e

266、conomy and enabling governments to realise their digital transformation ambitions.While 96%of the population in Asia Pacific live in areas covered by a mobile broadband network,just under half do not yet subscribe to a mobile internet service.The key barriers to internet adoption,along with examples

267、 of actions that policymakers in Asia Pacific are taking to close the digital divide,are as follows:Knowledge and digital skills:Reliance Jio and the GSMA have rolled out a nationwide Digital Skills Program under the GSMA Connected Women Commitment initiative to provide need-based training to rural

268、women and individuals from marginalised or low-income groups to help them make meaningful use of digital access.Affordability of handsets and data:Kistpay,a financing platform in Pakistan,enables interest-free financing at scale for pay-as-you-go handsets,making smartphones more accessible.Availabil

269、ity of local content:Hamro Patro is a popular and comprehensive Nepali app for staying updated with Nepali content and events.Gender usage gap:The GSMAs latest data shows a further slowdown in digital inclusion for women.In South Asia,women are now 41%less likely than men to use mobile internet.Safe

270、guarding online spaces Amid the growth of digitalisation,people face numerous issues that undermine a safe online experience,including cyberthreats,abuse,bullying,misinformation and disinformation.Government agencies and companies have undertaken various initiatives to enhance digital trust.For exam

271、ple,Australias national science agency,the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation(CSIRO),is helping to tackle the growing threat of cyberattacks by providing free research and development support to businesses working in the cybersecurity sector.33 In the 5G era,the importance

272、of cybersecurity in mobile communications is likely to rise exponentially.Quantum cryptography is emerging as a solution for safeguarding critical information because it is not possible to copy data encoded in a quantum state.In South Korea,KT has commercialised a quantum cryptography-based virtual

273、private network technology to increase security in a wireless environment,in cooperation with AhnLab,a cybersecurity solution developer.34Public discourse,digital literacy programmes and advancements in network and service security will help to keep new online environments safe and secure.These ongo

274、ing safety and security efforts can stimulate innovation and the adoption of new technologies.For example,in Singapore,the Infocomm Media Development Authority(IMDA)has taken steps to create a safer online environment by placing OTT platforms,which have to take licences from the IMDA,under light-tou

275、ch regulation.Call for collaborationTo effectively address the above policy issues,substantive actions from all stakeholders will be needed.The full potential of mobile technologies cannot be realised without the active participation of governments and regulatory authorities,working together with th

276、e private sector to enable vibrant,competitive markets and to help shape the digital environment.Collaboration between governments and industry through a whole-of-government approach,as well as digital cooperation internationally,is necessary to accelerate progress in this journey.47/50Mobile indust

277、ry enablers33.“CSIROs offer to SMEs working in cyber security,CSIRO,June 202234.“GSMA,IBM and Vodafone Establish Post-Quantum Telco Network Taskforce”,GSMA,September 20224.2 Effective spectrum policy:meeting future connectivity demand Spectrum availability and effective licensing continue to be crit

278、ical to encourage the investment required to expand mobile access,meet the increase in demand for data services and enhance the quality and range of services offered.This year,all eyes will be on Dubai at the end of 2023,where the WRC-23 will take place from 20 November to 15 December.WRC-23 will se

279、rve as a chance to expand the availability of affordable 5G services and ensure future growth and innovation.Spectrum in low and mid-bands is on the conference agenda,making this is an opportunity to build a spectrum roadmap going into 2030,address the digital divide and ensure that billions of peop

280、le can benefit from 5G.For countries in Asia Pacific,mid-band spectrum will be a key focus at WRC-23.On average,a total of 2 GHz of mid-band spectrum will be required per market to support the growth of 5G by 2030.In mid-bands,further harmonisation of the 3.5 GHz band is expected,but getting to the

281、required 2 GHz of mid-band spectrum is challenging without 6 GHz capacity.One of the measures of the success of WRC-23 will be in its ability to secure 5Gs future through the identification of 6 GHz spectrum for IMT.There has already been meaningful progress and decisions on the bands future in Asia

282、 Pacific.Cambodia,China,Mongolia and Myanmar have formally expressed interest at recent meetings.China has also formalised the addition of the upper 6 GHz band(64257125 MHz)to IMT in the countrys table of frequency allocations,taking effect from 1 July 2023.This announcement is a significant driver

283、of the commercial 6 GHz ecosystem.Other countries in the region of all sizes,from Singapore to India,are evaluating their options ahead of WRC-23.By taking positive steps to identify the 6 GHz band for IMT at WRC-23,governments can help address their 5G mid-band spectrum needs across the rest of thi

284、s decade.This would ensure fast,affordable and sustainable mobile broadband services while unlocking digital growth and industrial development through 5G-enabled innovation and use cases.By taking positive steps to identify the 6 GHz band for IMT at WRC-23,governments can help address their 5G mid-b

285、and spectrum needs across the rest of this decade.48/50Mobile industry enablersSpectrum licensing,pricing and conditionsWhile 5G networks are well established in advanced Asia Pacific markets such as Australia,Japan and South Korea,the pace of 5G development differs significantly across the region.5

286、G deployment is expanding rapidly in India following a successful auction in 2022,while the 5G journey is only just beginning in other countries,including major markets such as Indonesia and Vietnam and smaller Pacific Island states.For planning efforts to make a real difference,countries should dev

287、elop spectrum roadmaps that reflect the growing demand for mobile services.5G will support a wide range of consumer and enterprise use cases and these diverse needs can only be addressed through a combination of frequencies across low(sub-1 GHz),mid-(17 GHz),and high bands(above 24 GHz).Clarity on s

288、pectrum releases is critical to allow businesses to prepare investment plans,secure financing and develop arrangements for deploying different technologies.The cost of spectrum also has a major impact.Governments and regulators should assign 5G spectrum to support their digital connectivity goals ra

289、ther than as a means of maximising state revenues.Effective spectrum pricing policies are vital to support better quality and more affordable 5G services.In turn,this will help address issues such as usage gaps.High reserve prices,artificially limited spectrum supply(including set-asides)and poor au

290、ction design can all have a negative impact(i.e.slower mobile broadband and suppressed network investments).To maximise the benefits of 5G,governments and regulators should:make available sufficient 5G spectrum and avoid limiting the supply via set-asides set modest reserve prices and annual fees to

291、 let the market determine spectrum prices carefully consider auction design to avoid unnecessary risks for bidders(e.g.avoiding mismatched lot sizes,which create artificial scarcity)develop and publish a 5G spectrum roadmap with the input of stakeholders to help operators plan effectively around fut

292、ure availability consult stakeholders on the award rules and licence terms and conditions,and take them into account when setting prices(onerous obligations reduce the value of spectrum).49/50Mobile industry enablersGSMA Head Office1 Angel LaneLondonEC4R 3AB United KingdomTel:+44(0)20 7356 0600Fax:+44(0)20 7356 0601