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1、Cloud-native automation:The transformation of CSP networksA CSP studyFebruary 2023GeographyNorth AmericaWestern EuropeSoutheast AsiaExecutive SummaryAutomation is essential to realising key benefits of cloud-native networks,such as low total cost of ownership(TCO),elasticity,and self healing.However

2、,communication service providers(CSPs)face many challenges in achieving these benefits.A major challenge is that network automation developed for one virtualized network function is not necessarily transferable to others.Therefore,cloud-native network automation tools and standards that address this

3、 challenge must be open source and driven by community collaboration-such as Nephio.Google Cloud partnered with Analysys Mason on a study to understand what other automation challenges CSPs face,where CSPs are in their cloud-native journeys,what their cloud-native automation strategies look like,and

4、 their attitudes towards Nephio.This report showcases the key findings from the online survey and CSP interviews.108 total respondentsCentral/Eastern EuropeMiddle East&N.AfricaChinaLatin AmericaSub-saharan AfricaCSP profileMobile network service provider$1BN+annual revenueAlready deployed a cloud-na

5、tive network26%21%16%14%9%6%5%3%Respondent profileCTO/CTIOHead of departmentTechnical staff/Manager92%35%27%24%50%26%Key findingsCSP cloud-native journeysAutomation is the top strategic initiative for CSPs,driven by their transformation to cloud-native networksCSPs want to implement 5G RAN cloud-nat

6、ive network functions(CNFs)quicker than initially anticipated Public cloud providers will play a major role in delivering cloud-native networksCloud-native automation trendsCSPs want cloud-native automation in all network domainsCSPs need standard approaches to automation to combat siloed technologi

7、es and different vendor approachesCSPs acknowledge that they need a different organizational approach to cloud-native infrastructure and CNF automationNephio progress94%of CSPs globally already know a fair amount about Nephio 87%of CSPs are considering using Nephio across mobile core,RAN,transport a

8、nd enterprise domains to address their top automation challengesCloud-native initiatives are driven by the need for better automation,and hence better customer experience and 5G servicesCSPs expect cloud-native automation to bring change to their fragmented organisationsCSPs want Nephio to bring ope

9、n source-based standardization to address network complexityCSP cloud-native journeysCSPs acknowledge that automation is a key strategic initiative for their organizations Source:Analysys Mason Cloud-native Automation and Nephio Survey December 2022Automation30%of respondents chose automation as the

10、ir top strategic initiative,and is the biggest driver for North American CSPsCustomer experienceThis is a common strategic initiative for Tier-2/3 CSPs and CSPs in the Middle East and Southeast Asia5G networksThis is a major strategic initiative for Tier-1 CSPs and European CSPsAutomationCustomer ex

11、perience5G networksEnterprise vertical servicesFiber networksSecuritySustainabilityEnterprise/consumer edge servicesOther0%10%20%30%Q.What are your companys top 3 strategic initiatives?Migrating existing IT/OSS/BSS apps to a public cloudUsing public cloud-based AI/ML/data/analytics servicesMigrating

12、 IT/BSS/OSS apps to a SaaS modelMigrating B2B apps(e.g.UCaaS,security)to a public cloudDeploying network cloudDeploying enterprise edge cloudCompleted or in processPlanning within the next 12 monthsPlanning within the next 2 yearsNo plans for the next 2 years72%of respondents will have deployed a vi

13、rtualized or cloud-native network cloud by 2024CSPs started their cloud journeys with IT/OSS/BSS app migration and AI/ML AI/ML is typically the starting point for CSPs that are planning to use public cloud within the network48%of CSPs will start planning enterprise edge cloud within a year64%64%of C

14、SPs will have applied cloud to all aspects of their business-network,IT and enterprise services-by 2024 025%50%75%100%Q.Where are you in your cloud journey?Source:Analysys Mason Cloud-native Automation and Nephio Survey December 202226%of respondents have already adopted CNFs;73%of which have been d

15、eployed by Tier-1 CSPsSlowest to adopt CNFs:Latin America,Middle East,and Western Europe 26%45%28%We already have a cloud-native network2023Within 12 months12-24 months2024202571%71%of respondents will have adopted cloud-native network functions(CNFs)by late 2023Q.What is your timeline for adopting

16、cloud-native network functions?Source:Analysys Mason Cloud-native Automation and Nephio Survey December 2022Capex savingsSelected as top driver by 33%of respondents(mainly Tier-2 and 3 CSPs)Ability to scale network capacityChosen by 50%of Tier-1 CSPs The driver of choice for CSPs that have already d

17、eployed a cloud-native network14%Operational cost savings33%Capex savings8%Speed of service innovation13%Time to change(update,patch,reconfigure)network25%Ability to scale network capacity 7%*3%Ability to respond to regulations,3%Ability to attract new talent,1%Customer experienceCapex savings and s

18、calability are the top drivers for adopting cloud-native networksQ.What is the top driver for introducing cloud-native approaches and technologies into your network?Source:Analysys Mason Cloud-native Automation and Nephio Survey December 2022CSPs want to implement 5G RAN CNFs at a similar pace to th

19、e 5G coreBy 2024,roughly 50%of CSPs will have implemented CNFs in every network domain-except transportCSPs simultaneous implementation of CNFs across core and RAN indicates a desire to standardize automation over both domainsPrivate 5G and enterprise edge CNF implementations will accelerate faster

20、than all other network domains in 2023Q.Which network domains are you planning to implement cloud-native network functions and when?5G NSA core5G RAN(consumer/macro network)5G SA corePrivate 5GTransportEnterprise edge0%75%100%50%25%Within the next 2-3 yearsNo plans yetAlready implementedWithin the n

21、ext 12 monthsWithin the next 18-24 monthsSource:Analysys Mason Cloud-native Automation and Nephio Survey December 20225G mobile core5G RAN Legacy mobile corePrivate 5GEnterprise edge21%on-prem cloud38%Public cloud0%25%50%75%100%Public cloud platforms deployed on-premises or in the public cloud are t

22、he top network cloud choice for all domainsNetwork Equipment Provider(NEP)CloudE.g Ericsson,Nokia,HuaweiSoftware-only cloud platform providerE.g.Red Hat,Rakuten,VMware,Wind RiverPublic cloud platform(on-prem or public cloud)E.g.AWS,Azure,Google Cloud Google Distributed Edge,Microsoft AODSIn-house bu

23、ilt cloud platformNo plans yet59%of CSPs will use public cloud provider cloud stacks within the 5G mobile core-made up of 38%public cloud and 21%on-premisesSoftware-only cloud platform providers will hold at least a 26%share of each 5G domainQ.Who are/will be your cloud providers for your cloud-nati

24、ve network in the following domains?Source:Analysys Mason Cloud-native Automation and Nephio Survey December 2022Cloud-native automation trendsCloud-native automation is key to improving productivity and service reliabilityImproving productivityImproving service reliabilityManaging capacityEnforcing

25、 security policiesIncreasing service velocityIncreased speed for network set upOther93%of CSPs whose main strategic initiative is providing enterprise vertical services are motivated by increasing service velocity,compared to just 21%of all CSPs 77%of customer experience-focused CSPs favor managing

26、capacity and enforcing security policies Q.What are the top motivations for cloud-native automation?0%30%40%50%20%10%Source:Analysys Mason Cloud-native Automation and Nephio Survey December 2022Lack of automation mindset/cultureLack of skillsOtherSiloed technology and operationsDifficulty of justify

27、ing the business case for cloud-native automationLack of organizational support/buy-in75%of CSPs are struggling with siloed technologies and operations,stemming from unaligned business units,which leads to inconsistent automation implementationsA quarter of CSPs do not think they lack skills,but the

28、y do rank all other pain points highlyC-level support is needed to overcome all these pain points,underpinned by a common cloud-native vision across business unitsQ.What are the top business related pain points you are experiencing/expect to experience in your cloud-native automation journey?CSPs wo

29、uld benefit from more senior-level organisational support for the adoption of cloud-native networks0%60%80%40%20%Source:Analysys Mason Cloud-native Automation and Nephio Survey December 2022CSPs need a common automation approach across cloud infrastructure and CNFs Pain points are consistent across

30、cloud-native infrastructure management and CNF/VNF configuration-therefore CSPs may be open to a common automation approachVendor-proprietary automation is the largest technology challenge facing CSPsVendors need to standardize on key lifecycle management tasks such as configuration,if they are to h

31、elp CSPs cloud-native automation efforts to succeed Q.What are the top technology related pain points you are experiencing/expect to experience in your cloud-native automation journey?Different vendor approaches to automationLack of end-to-end lifecycle automation frameworkLack of declarative config

32、uration and control loop capabilitiesLack of open source standardizationIntegration with existing OSS/orchestration systemsOtherVendor lock-in20%30%40%10%0%Cloud-native infrastructure management(private/hybrid/public cloud,Kubernetes and related components)Network function(CNF/VNF)configurationSourc

33、e:Analysys Mason Cloud-native Automation and Nephio Survey December 20225G SA core automation will be in the spotlight in 2023 as CSPs prepare for launches 79%of CSPs expect to introduce cloud-native automation across all network domainsby 2025Tier-1 CSPs have strong plans to introduce cloud-native

34、automation to the 5G RAN(37%of Tier-1 CSPs are implementing within the next 12 months)Private 5G and enterprise edge cloud-native automation implementations will accelerate over the next 12 monthsQ.In which network domains are you planning to implement cloud-native automation and when?5G NSA core5G

35、RAN(consumer/macro network)5G SA corePrivate 5GTransportEnterprise edge79%50%75%100%25%0%Within the next 2-3 yearsNo plans yetAlready implementedWithin the next 12 monthsWithin the next 18-24 monthsSource:Analysys Mason Cloud-native Automation and Nephio Survey December 2022Orchestration/OSS vendor-

36、proprietaryNetwork function vendor-proprietaryCloud infrastructure vendor-proprietaryScripting toolsONAPOtherETSI MANONephio/Kubernetes basedIn-house grown solutionCSPs use a range of different tools and standards,leading to decentralized and inconsistent efforts towards true cloud-native automation

37、62%of CSPs selected either orchestration/OSS or network function vendors as their top choice CSPs remain tied to with existing vendors because CNFs are not fully cloud-native yet0%20%40%60%Fragmentation of tools and standards is a threat to CSP cloud-native automation effortsQ.Please rank the follow

38、ing tools/standards/solutions in terms of how well they fit your cloud-native automation strategyAutomation approaches vary widelySource:Analysys Mason Cloud-native Automation and Nephio Survey December 2022Cloud-native infrastructure management(private/hybrid/public cloud,Kubernetes and related com

39、ponents)Network function(CNF/VNF)configuration70%of CSPs are using either a CTO-led specific taskforce or Head of network automation,which are new decision-makers in the cloud-native eraOnly 35%of CSPs believe their OSS department should continue to lead cloud-native infrastructure management automa

40、tion,which drops to 21%for CNF/VNF automationQ.Who is/will be the decision maker for adopting cloud-native automation solutions in your company?OSS departmentCTO-led specific taskforceHead of network automationNetwork function ownerConverged network and IT departmentOtherIT department70%of CSPs20%30

41、%40%10%0%CSPs acknowledge that they need different decision-makers from traditional OSS departments involved in cloud-native automationSource:Analysys Mason Cloud-native Automation and Nephio Survey December 2022Nephio progressI know a lot about NephioI know a fair amount about NephioI have heard of

42、 Nephio but know very little about itI have never heard of Nephio94%CSPs have a high level of familiarity with NephioQ.Which of the following statements best describes your familiarity with Nephio?0%60%80%40%20%94%of CSPs already know a fair amount about Nephio,despite only launching in Q2 2022Sourc

43、e:Analysys Mason Cloud-native Automation and Nephio Survey December 2022CSPs want Nephio to support their cloud-native automation efforts across all network domains 40%of CSPs are eager to bring Nephios simplicity and standardization to the highly complex RAN as soon as possible in the next 12 month

44、s37%of CSPs also want to address transport network complexity within 12 months51%of CSPs are looking at applying Nephio to the mobile core in 18-24 months,which aligns with 5G SA core deploymentsWithin the next 2-3 yearsNo plans yetWithin the next 12 monthsWithin the next 18-24 monthsMobile coreTran

45、sportRANEnterprise edge50%75%100%25%0%Q.In which domains would you consider using Nephio and in what timescale?Source:Analysys Mason Cloud-native Automation and Nephio Survey December 2022Future-proofing vs vendor-proprietary solutionsOpen source code based standardizationAvailability of Kubernetes

46、skill setsComplete lifecycle management for cloud infrastructure and workloadsMaturity of the Kubernetes ecosystemHigh level of industry supportRe-usability of automation concepts across network domainsBacked by Linux FoundationOther40%+CSPs want to future-proof their network with Kubernetes and Nep

47、hio Q.What are the top 3 reasons you are considering using Nephio?0%60%40%20%CSPs are considering Nephio to address existing automation challenges and to take control of their networkAlmost every benefit of Nephio is appealing to CSPs,shown by the wide spread of reasons being rated by over 40%of CSP

48、sNephio is the only open source-based telco cloud-native automation standardization projectSource:Analysys Mason Cloud-native Automation and Nephio Survey December 2022RecommendationsStandardize automation across network domains using an open-source,Kubernetes-based approach Essential if CSPs are to

49、 avoid the sunk cost fallacy in existing,inefficient NFV architectureRecommendations for CSPsA standard,declarative,open-source approach to cloud-native automation will help CSPs to overcome current pain points of siloed technologies and different vendor approaches to automation Implement a well-def

50、ined cloud-native vision through strong executive leadership,with automation at its coreRedesign organizational structure to remove siloes e.g.aligning IT,network and enterprise more closely,as well as alignment of network domains(core,RAN,and transport)Combine and standardize the cloud infrastructu

51、re management and CNF/VNF configuration layers togetherCSPs already use the same tools and have the same challenges in both layers,leading to seamless integration Actively contribute to open source initiatives to push industry adoptionCSPs must work with vendors to help to drive requirements and define a migration path from NFVEncourage vendors to align with standards and CSPs own cloud-native vision,or partner with vendors that can support this vision