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1、September2023O U R P O I N T O F V I E WSustainable Aviation Fuels(SAF)in ChinaChecking for Take-off2SAF in China|Check for Take-off 2023.For information,contact Deloitte China.For the aviation industry to keep growing,it is critical that it reach net zero emissions,but there are key challenges that

2、 must be overcome.Aviation is recognized as a“hard-to-abate”sector and SAF is the only commercially viable,near-term mechanism able to reduce the carbon intensity of air travel.Aviations pathway to carbon neutralityAviation supports$3.5 trillion(4.1%)of the worlds GDP and accounts for 3%of all globa

3、l CO2emissions,but as other sectors decarbonize its contribution could reach 22%of global emissions by 2050.IATA forecasts the biggest growth in passenger numbers will be in Asia Pacific.In 2021,the Chinese domestic passenger market made up 18.9%of global passengersSAF will be aviations primary mean

4、s of decarbonization as a drop-in fuel there is no need to redesign aircraft or airport infrastructure but action must focus on scaling production and lowering cost.Sectoral scenarios anticipate that SAF will bring between 50 and 75%of carbon reductions required by aviation in 2050.1Source:ATAG,Scen

5、ario 3:aspirational and aggressive technology perspective2050 Net Zero Pathway for Aviation AT A GLANCEAviation and SAF1.ATAG Waypoint 2050(Link)2SAF in China|Check for Take-off 2023.For information,contact Deloitte China.3SAF in China|Check for Take-off 2023.For information,contact Deloitte China.T

6、he aviation sector needs to explore and leverage multiple strategies to ensure a timely and successful transitionRelying on business as usual and waiting for new clean technologies to emerge is an inadequate strategyDecarbonization leversDescriptionRole and ChallengeSustainable aviation fuel(SAF)Fue

7、ls from sustainable resources to substitute fossil-based keroseneMain decarbonisation option in the next 30 years;ability to use with existing aircraftEfficiency gainsDesign and operational improvements to reduce fuel burn Important option but impact diminishes over timeOffsetsInvestment in out-of-s

8、ector emission reductions or removalImportant as other long-term options are scaled upHydrogenCombustion of green hydrogen and/or conversion to electricity through fuel cellsRequires storage and new airframe designs.Long time to develop,ensure safety,certify and deploy at scaleBatteryElectric propul

9、sion with zero emissions if charged with green electricityBattery weight and size limits applicability to short-haul routesBehavioral changeReduction of demand resulting from modal shiftBehavioural change may be outpaced by population and economic growthThe industry,through the International Air Tra

10、nsport Association(IATA)1and the Air Transport Action Group(ATAG),has committed to Net Zero by 2050.2The International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO)formally recognized that technology and market-based measures will be needed for industry decarbonization.This will be achieved through multiple lev

11、ers,including:Efficiency gainsSustainable aviation fuels(SAF)Carbon offsetting New propulsion systems such as electric batteries and hybrid aircraft The use of hydrogenHowever,the successful development and deployment of SAF will be critical to reducing emissions by 2050.Decarbonization leversAviati

12、ons decarbonization goals1.IATA Net Zero Commitment(Link)2.ATAG Global Aviation Emissions(Link)4SAF in China|Check for Take-off 2023.For information,contact Deloitte China.Sustainable Aviation FuelSAF is a biofuel used to power aircrafts that has similar properties to conventional jet fuel,but with

13、a smaller carbon footprintWhen used to power aircraft,SAF can reduce the carbon intensity of flying by up to 85%,depending feedstock selection and technological pathwayWhat is SAF?Immediate Action:SAF is a drop-in fuel compatible with existing aircraft and airport infrastructure,which does not requi

14、re significant changes to aircraft and airports and delay deployment.Commercial Viability:At this time,SAF is the only near-term climate solution,as hydrogen and electric propulsion will develop over the next decade and may not be viable for long haul air travel(which is the largest contributor to s

15、ector emissions).Co-Benefits:SAF has several co-benefits beyond reducing carbon emissions,including improved air quality,job creation and investment renewable energy,and increased energy security.SAF is a drop-in liquid fuel alternative that can reduce carbon emissions by up to 85%when compared to t

16、raditional jet fuel,depending on the feedstock selection and production pathway.SAF is currently produced from several sources(feedstocks)including forestry residue,agricultural waste,used cooking oils,and municipal solid waste.SAF producers are also exploring synthetic production pathways via a pro

17、cess that captures carbon directly from the air.In addition,SAF is considered sustainable when:Feedstock does not compete with food crops or water suppliesSAF does not contribute to forest degradation or soil depletionSAF recycles carbon stored in the biomass of feedstockSAF is an alternative jet fu

18、el that represents the most viable near-term solution to decarbonize the aviation industryWhat is Sustainable Aviation Fuel(SAF)?Scalability:Global SAF production is estimated to grow to cover 10%of total jet fuel sales by 2030,based on sustainable feedstock availability and capital investment.Accou

19、nting:SAF is not recognized(officially)by the GHG Protocol for Scope 3 emissions reductions.In lieu of official guidance,the market is working to develop guidance and demand signals in support of SAF certificate inclusion in GHG inventories.5SAF in China|Check for Take-off 2023.For information,conta

20、ct Deloitte China.As of April 2023,ASTM International has approved nine technical routes based on HEFA,ATJ,and FT.The PtL pathway is still awaiting approval.Four key technical pathways to SAFSources:ICAO,EASA,World Economic Forum,Airbus AlgaeCooking oilLipidsPlant oilsHydroprocessing Esters&Fatty ac

21、ids(HEFA)TallowOil extractionNeutralisationNeutralisationRendering Technology maturity:mature LCA GHG reduction compared to fossil jet:73%84%HEFA is currently the most commercially viable process and is expected to dominate Chinas SAF market before 2030.FeedstockInitial processingKey intermediatePat

22、hwayAgricultural residuesForestry residuesSyngasEnergy cropsFischer-Tropsch(FT)WastePre-treatmentPre-treatmentOil extractionSeparation Technology maturity:Commercial piloting LCA GHG reduction compared to fossil jet:85%94%There are many potential feedstock sources,the challenge lies in how to effici

23、ently obtain and process themGasificationSugarcaneMolassesIsobutanolCornAlcohol-to-Jet(ATJ)FermentationFermentationFermentation Technology maturity:Commercial piloting LCA GHG reduction compared to fossil jet:85%94%ATJ has a high availability of cheap feedstock in the US,whilst the cost of feedstock

24、s in China is relative higher.CO2 from DACRenewable electricityGreen HydrogenCO2 from other industriesDirect Air Capture(DAC)ElectrolysisSynthesis+WaterPower to liquid(PtL)Technology maturity:In development LCA GHG reduction compared to fossil jet:99%PtL processing offers great potential for emissio

25、ns reduction with unlimited production potential via direct air capture.SAFHEFAATJFTPtLPotential 6SAF in China|Check for Take-off 2023.For information,contact Deloitte China.Stakeholders within the aviation industry are aiming for decarbonization,but more action is needed to reach this goalThe SAF E

26、cosystemSAF ProducersFuel suppliersAirlinesInvestors and financial institutions AirportsAircraft manufacturersFeedstock suppliersRegulatorsTechnologies for using feedstock to produce bio SAF is mature;the challenge lies in how to efficiently obtain and process feedstocks Further technological develo

27、pment is needed to reduce production costs and expand productionSAF procurement,sales and into-plane services Comply and promote standards,certification and reporting to ensure SAF and offset qualityMotivate passengers to to pay for carbon offsets and SAFRaise the decarbonization ambition and encour

28、age other players in the ecosystem to act Invest in R&D to address technological challengesSeek to establish partnerships with other ecosystem players that want to accelerate SAF and decarbonizationImprove aircraft efficiency and accelerate fleet updatesRegulations,incentives and policy guidance are

29、 needed to help accelerate the production and use of SAFProvide financing supportInvestment in feedstock collection and segregation processesPromote SAF use and fleet upgradingStrengthen infrastructure and the allocation of specialist personnelLogistics servicesLarge corporate travelers and cargo ow

30、ners are encouraged to take the lead and utilize SAF to fulfill their climate commitmentsInternal cost control and investmentSource:Shell,Institute of Energy,Peking University 7SAF in China|Check for Take-off 2023.For information,contact Deloitte China.Aviations carbon neutral journey in ChinaOctobe

31、rAir China and Boeing conducted Chinas first sustainable biofuel flight.OctoberThe State Councils Action Plan for Peaking Carbon Emissions by 2030,promotes advanced liquid biofuels and SAF,as well as fuel efficiency.20112021PastOctoberIATA member airlines committed to achieving net-zero from their o

32、perations by 2050.This pledge brings aviation in line with the objectives of the Paris Agreement.2008February1st commercial aviation flight(London to Amsterdam)using a sustainable biomass-to-liquid fuel mixed with traditional jet fuel.2015DecemberParis Agreement to limit global temperature change to

33、 2 degrees while pursuing efforts to limit the increase to 1.5 degrees2020SeptemberChina announced its goal to have carbon emissions peak before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060.2019SeptemberClean Skies for Tomorrow Coalition launched to support SAF to reach 10%of global jet fuel suppl

34、y by 2030(Deloitte is a signatory)NovemberDB Schenker and Lufthansa and flew the worlds 1stCO2neutral cargo return flight from Frankfurt to Shanghai8SAF in China|Check for Take-off 2023.For information,contact Deloitte China.Aviations carbon neutral journey in ChinaToday/FutureJanuaryCivil Aviation

35、Administration of Chinas(CAAC)14thFive-Year Plan for Green Civil Aviation Development promotes the use of SAF with a goal to raise consumption to over 20,000 tons in 2025 and cumulatively to 50,000 tons during the 14thFYP period.2022MayThe NDRCs 14th FYP for Bioeconomy Development Plan outlines area

36、s with good conditions are encouraged to promote and pilot the use of biodiesel and advance the use of aviation biofuels.JuneNDRC and NEAs 14th FYP for Renewable Energy Development outlines efforts to develop non-food liquid biofuels and promote biodiesel and aviation biofuel production.NovemberColo

37、rful Guizhou Airlines successfully completed a passenger commercial flight using SAF in Mainland China(from Ningbo to Guiyang).2023AprilAirbus and the China National Aviation Fuel Group(CNAF)signed a MoU to intensify cooperation on the production,competitive application and common standards formulat

38、ion for SAFMarchState Power Investment Corporation Ltd and Cathay Pacific signed a memorandum of cooperation,covering four sustainable aviation fuel production facilities.NovemberAirbus signed agreements with Xiamen Airlines,Zhejiang Loong Airlines and Colorful Guizhou Airlines to promote the use of

39、 SAF for commercial flights in China.DecemberAir China Cargo successfully completed the first commercial cargo flight using SAF in the Chinese mainland(from Hangzhou to Belgium).9SAF in China|Check for Take-off 2023.For information,contact Deloitte China.With such a large theoretical availability of

40、 feedstock,China could become a significant global supplier.Potential SAF supply and demand Chinas potential SAF supply and demandSource:IATA,Deloitte Research2030 Chinas total jet fuel consumption is estimated to reach 60.5 million tons(Mt)by 2030,with a CAGR of 8%from 2023 to 2030 SAF demand in Ch

41、ina may reach 3 Mt/year3 Mt/year by 2030 if Chinas aviation sector aligns with IATAs 5.2%SAF target If theoretical feedstock is fully converted to SAF,potential supply in China could exceed 19 Mt19 Mt/yearyearby 2030 far exceeding potential domestic demand To facilitate such growth,action need to be

42、 taken to reduce production costs as well as consolidate domestic and international demand for SAF2050 Chinas projected jet fuel demand is estimated to reach 132.5 Mt by 2050,with a CAGR of 4%from 2031 to 2050 With advancement in technology and Chinas goal to reach carbon neutrality,domestic SAF dem

43、and is expected to reach 86 Mt/year 86 Mt/year by 2050 Chinas SAF production capacity could reach 82 Mt/year 82 Mt/year by 2050,facilitated by improved efficiency of feedstock processing and scaling green hydrogen productionChinas SAF demand Chinas SAF production 3.11986.1820204060801001201402015202

44、0202520302035204020452050China aviation fuel demand(Mt)Total jet fuel demand:60.5 million tons Share of SAF(IATA):5.2%SAF requirement:3.1 million tons Pre-CovidGAGR 8.1%During-Covid Total jet fuel demand:132.5 million tons Share of SAF(IATA):65%SAF requirement:86.1 million tons Chinas total jet fuel

45、 consumption 10SAF in China|Check for Take-off 2023.For information,contact Deloitte China.The potential supply of feedstock for SAF in China is positive,but it requires innovative approaches to establish technical routes and production capacitySupply side|China has the potential to produce enough S

46、AF to meet domestic demandPotential availability of SAF feedstocksSource:Institute of Energy,Peking UniversityFeedstockAvailability(million tons/year)SAF output ratio(%)SAF production capacity upper limit(million tons/year)Used cooking oil3.4401.36Agricultural waste207.01020.70Forestry waste195.0101

47、9.50Municipal organic solid waste23.5102.35Industrial waste gas-based ethanol5.0502.50Total46.41 China has significant potential to develop SAF sustainably as feedstocks are not expected to complete with food supplies,although infrastructure will be needed to develop rural supply chains.Used cooking

48、 oil(UCO)is a major source of feedstock for biodiesel in China and is expected to be the major feedstock for SAF at least in the next decade.Used cooking oil potential According to ICCTs estimate,China has abundant UCO potential(over five million tons per year)Currently most UCO in China is exported

49、 or used for biodiesel production,which is also driven by overseas demand.Availability of SAF feedstocks in China related to domestic SAF demand.Source:China Customs,The US Department of Agriculture0.58 0.73 0.92 1.15 1.58 0.82 0.92 1.43 1.80 2.38 00.40.81.21.622.420182019202020212022Chinas total ex

50、port of UCO(million tons)UCO used for biodiesel production(million tons)11SAF in China|Check for Take-off 2023.For information,contact Deloitte China.As of May 2023,the combined operational and announced SAF production capacity in China is 1.61.8 Mt/year Supply side|However,production capacity devel

51、opment is still in an early stageChinas SAF supply is still in its early stage.Sinopec Zhenhai Refinery obtained airworthiness certification for Chinas first large-scale production of SAF from the Civil Aviation Administration of China(CAAC)in 2022,and more market players are emerging.The HEFA pathw

52、ay dominates the current and announced production capacities in China,while SPIC and Cathay Pacific plan to use a pathway similar to PtL to generate SAF.China has huge capacity for renewable electricity generation-this could help drive the commercialization and scaling of PtL.Chinas green hydrogen d

53、evelopment is driven by provincial plans.Over ten provinces,including Shandong,Qinghai and Sichuan,have developed explicit plans for hydrogen development.Several projects will be deployed around the country to produce synthetic fuels.Chinas overall decarbonization goals support the emergence of ince

54、ntives.With the right financial allocation,China could become global leader in SAF production.DevelopersTechnology providerPathwayAnnual capacity(tons)LocationAnnouncedPlanned operational startSinopecSinopecHEFA100,000Zhenhai,ZhejiangJune 2021June 2022Oriental EnergyHoneywellHEFA1,000,000Maoming,Gua

55、ngdongFebruary 2022Not availableJiaao EnprotechHoneywellHEFANot availableLianyungang,JiangsuSeptember 2022Not availableSichuan JinshangHoneywellHEFA300,000Suining,SichuanMay 2023Not availableSPIC&Cathay PacificNot availableSimilar to PtL4*50,000-100,000N/AApril 20232024 2026Companies that produce HV

56、O biodiesel can shift their production to SAF with retrofitting.According to Peking Universitys estimate,if producers repurpose their existing HVO capacity for SAF,this could bring an additional 1.9 million tons of annual capacity onlineadditional 1.9 million tons of annual capacity online.Current S

57、AF production capacityKey issuesSource:China Daily,Honeywell,Cathay Pacific12SAF in China|Check for Take-off 2023.For information,contact Deloitte China.Commercial utilization of SAF is still at an early-stage,but we found that Chinese airlines are engaged in SAF flight testsDemand side|Early market

58、 actionsAirlinesSAF TargetFlights using SAFEcosystem collaborationKey actionsChina SouthernN/ATwo flights with SAF(February 2019 and October 2022)N/AUsed first batch of domestic SAF fuel provided by SinopecChina EasternN/ATest flight with SAF in 2013 and flight with 5%SAF in 2022N/APlans a series of

59、 flights powered by SAF in 2023AirChinaN/ATest flight with SAF in 2011 and a flight with SAF in 2022First commercial cargo flight using SAF in 2022Joined SAFUG(Sustainable Aviation Fuel Users Group)in 2011Air China Cargo cooperated CNAF and Cainiao,for its first commercial cargo flight using SAFEarl

60、y user of SAF on the Chinese MainlandFirst commercial cargo flight using SAF on the Chinese MainlandCathay PacificCommitted to use SAF for 10%of its total fuel consumption by 203038 flights with Airbus aircraft with SAF since 2016Signed a MoU with SPIC for four SAF plantsLaunched pilot Corporate SAF

61、 Programme(“Book and Claim”)with eight corporate customersLaunched Asias first major Corporate SAF ProgrammeInvested in Fulcrum BioEnergy,a US-based sustainable biofuel developerHainan AirlinesN/ACommercial passenger flight with 50%SAF in 2015 and an intercontinental SAF passenger flight in 2017N/AF

62、irst commercial passenger flight using SAF on the Chinese MainlandColorful Guizhou Airlines N/ACommercial passenger flight with 10%SAF in 2015 Signed agreements with Airbus to promote the use of SAF in commercial flights in China in 2022Received a grant of RMB50 million from the Ministry of Industry

63、 and Information Technology(MIIT)to support its SAF program in 202113SAF in China|Check for Take-off 2023.For information,contact Deloitte China.The book-and-claim model allows airlines to buy SAF certificates and offer those certificates to their passengers without being tied to physical supplyDema

64、nd side|Stimulating customer interest by bringing corporate customers to SAFBook and claim modelAs the production of SAF is still limited,there is no guarantee that airlines can access SAF through the existing supply chain network.The book-and-claim model creates environmental attributes that are tr

65、acked as SAF certificates.It enables airlines to purchase SAF without receiving physical delivery and to transfer its environmental attributes to corporate customers.SAF producerSAF supplierAirport ANo claimJet fuel supplierAirport BSustainability claimby airline/corporate customerSource:RSB,UNFCCC,

66、World Economic ForumThe SAF producer books their SAF into a registryA robust chain of custody certification that guarantees full transparency and avoids the risk of fraudSAF used in Airport A is claimed by airlines and their corporate customer located in Airport BThere is currently no global certifi

67、cation system for SAF.The SAFc framework developed through the World Economic Forums Clean Skies for Tomorrow initiative marks a critical step in developing a standardized approach.The SAFcframework is expected to be recognized by the Science Based Target initiative and GHG Protocol as a viable meth

68、od for organizations to realize targets for Scope 3.Certification system14SAF in China|Check for Take-off 2023.For information,contact Deloitte China.1SAF prices are dependent on the emissions factor of the fuel(calculated in g CO2e/MJ)which vary by fuel producer(e.g.,Neste,WorldEnergy)and are often

69、 specific to a given batch of fuel;emissions factors of 14.0 and 25.0 g CO2e/MJ were used to calculate the provided range($/MT)D R I V I N G I N C R E A S E SD R I V I N G R E D U C T I O N SCurrently,global SAF costs are approximately$8.67/gal for unblended fuel,which equates to$1,000 to$1,200/MT c

70、arbon avoided.1Current SAF Costs and Future TrendsSAF is currently 2x to 5x higher than fossil-based jet fuel,cost savings are expected as production scales.SAF production costs can vary significantly by technological routes.HEFA process is currently the most cost competitive option,while PTL proces

71、s presents significant cost reduction potentialSAF Production CostsPossible impacts to pricesGovernment Subsidies and IncentivesGovernment can provide support to help reduce the costs of productionProduction CapacityAs production increases,the costs per unit of fuel tend to decrease due to economies

72、 of scaleClear Reporting StandardsReporting standards that recognize SAF as a value chain carbon reduction will likely result in increased investmentPass on Cost SavingsFuel producers and airlines are facing increased pressures to pass cost savings to customers to protect aviation accessibilityFeeds

73、tock AvailabilityGreater availability of feedstocks and their lower costs can contribute to lower pricesValue Chain DevelopmentValue chain efficiencies such as supply chain logistics and transportation,are expected to help reduce costsGrowing RegulationsProduction and distribution of SAF is subject

74、to environmental regulations,which can increase costsVoluntary demandDespite projected increases in production capacity,corporate commitments exceed projected supply.Supply and demand tensions will result in increased costsDelays in Reporting StandardsAbsence of reporting standards(or SAF is not rec

75、ognized as an in-value chain carbon reduction)will likely stunt investmentsCustomer Willingness to PayAirlines raised airfares during the post-covid boom to offset rising fuel prices and losses incurred during the pandemic.Thus,increased SAF costs may be passed to end customersFeedstock Availability

76、Availability of sustainable feedstocks is currently limited which can increase costsFeedstock VolatilityPrices of sustainable feedstocks can fluctuate,which can lead to increases in SAF pricesSource:World Economic Forum15SAF in China|Check for Take-off 2023.For information,contact Deloitte China.Act

77、ions taken around the world can impact the development of SAF in ChinaGlobal progressReFuelEU Aviation:The Fit For 55 package includes proposed obligations on fuel suppliers to distribute an increasing share of SAF;minimum shares of sustainable fuels must ramp up from 5%of SAF by 2030 to 63%of SAF b

78、y 20503European Emission Trading System:Includes polluter pays provisions that increase the responsibility for the industry to pay for its carbon footprint and new allowances for SAF totaling 1.6 billon4Renewable Energy Directive III:Increased the 2030 renewable energy target to 45%,SAF likely to ex

79、ceed ReFuel targets due to low greenhouse gas intensity compared to jet kerosene4Sustainable Aviation Fuel Credit(2023-2024):The Inflation Reduction Act(IRA)extended the Blenders Tax Credit,but establishes a new SAF-specific credit for SAF as part of a qualified fuel mixture sold or used in the US1C

80、lean Fuel Production Credit(2025 2027):The IRA also established the CFPC in which SAF will be eligible for a credit of up to$1.75/gal for fuels with a 100%GHG reduction,with reduced credits for fuels demonstrating lower GHG reductions1SAF Grand Challenge:Targets US SAF production of 3+billion gallon

81、s by 2030,enough SAF production to meet 100%of demand in 2050(a projected 35 billion gallons)and$4.3 billion in funding for SAF projects2The US is increasing incentives for SAF as part of the Inflation Reduction Act(IRA)The EU Green Deal includes proposed legislation mandating minimum SAF usage and

82、GHG emissions reductions of 55%by 2030Key ChallengesThe comprehensive nature of the US Inflation Reduction Act(IRA)has influenced the industry landscape,potentially impacting foreign investment in SAF projects in China until 2030.Government is actively promoting the usage of SAF,but explicit strateg

83、ies and further incentives or mandates for SAF production and utilization will be necessary to guide the industry and attract investments.Delayed recovery affected the profitability of the aviation industry in China.As traditional fuel prices rise,the incentives of airlines and customers to pay SAF

84、green premiums need to be encouraged.1516SAF in China|Check for Take-off 2023.For information,contact Deloitte China.In order to ensure commercial viability,it is crucial to establish a supportive policy framework that stimulates demand and explores innovative financing mechanisms.Call for actionAmb

85、itionThe aviation industry needs to set a more ambitious goal for SAF utilization to meet the aviation industrys Net Zero commitmentAlliancesNew collaborations across the value chain will be key to unlock SAFs futureCustomersCreating a value proposition that encourages passengers to contribute to su

86、stainable flying will help drive demandFeedstockImprove the feedstock collection system and evaluate its distribution and availability to facilitate better allocation of resources for the industryInfrastructureWhile blended SAF can use existing infrastructure,the industry still needs to strengthen i

87、nfrastructure to cope with future demandInnovationFurther innovation is needed to achieve production cost reduction or new technologies that run on less constrained feedstocksInvestmentInvestors and financial institutions need to develop an innovative financing blueprint to mobilize capital for SAFL

88、eadershipAirlines and the fuel industry can lead by promoting SAF through different pilot projects and investment in the supply chainPolicy incentivesOn both demand and supply side policy is needed to encourage investment and accelerate the adoption of SAFSAF plays a vital role in the aviation indus

89、trys journey towards decarbonization.However,achieving an industry-wide transition within the target date necessitates collaboration across the value chain,supportive policies,substantial investments,with a limited amount of time.17SAF in China|Check for Take-off 2023.For information,contact Deloitt

90、e China.Deloitte is committed to sharing its perspective on SAF and aviation decarbonization to support our clientsDeloitte Thought LeadershipPioneering Early SAF TransactionsDecarbonizing Aviation Cleared for Take-OffDecarbonizing Aerospace a Road Map for the Industrys Lower-Emissions Future Deloit

91、te Global Impact Report 2022Deloitte US entered agreements with airlines to purchase sustainable aviation fuels and has detailed our early experiences and insights,as well as considerations for other companies entering the SAF market.Deloitte and Shell prepared a report outlining how in the complex

92、ecosystem of decarbonizing aviation,collaboration will be needed between players in the sector and across sectors to scale up demand and production of SAF.Deloitte studied the challenge of decarbonizing aerospace,the threat to current industry revenue models,and how SAF and electric propulsion repre

93、sent the best possible solutions.Deloitte publishes its Global Impact report annually,which includes reporting on the inclusion of SAF in our full life-cycle assessment(LCA)of air travel emissions.Although SAF is not the only possible solution to decarbonizing the aviation industry,Deloitte analyzes

94、 how it is a critical stage in achieving near-term emissions reductions.Reaching cruising altitude,A Plan for Scaling Sustainable Aviation Fuel17SAF in China|Check for Take-off 2023.For information,contact Deloitte China.18SAF in China|Check for Take-off 2023.For information,contact Deloitte China.A

95、uthorsRobert HansorSustainability&Climate Service,DirectorDeloitte CLily LiSustainability&Climate LeaderDeloitte CElaine Wu YueSustainability&Climate Service,ManagerDeloitte CJill Qu Qian RuDirector Deloitte Singapore,Deloitte CLydia Chen LanPartner Deloitte CXu XinxinSenior Specialist Deloitte CAll

96、an XieSustainability&Climate Institute LeadDeloitte CKevin GuoNational Industry Program LeaderDeloitte CAbout DeloitteDeloitte China provides integrated professional services,with our long-term commitment to be a leading contributor to Chinas reform,opening-up and economic development.We are a globa

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