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1、2022 State ofSoftware Engineers2Overview from Hireds CEOAmid the ongoing tech talent shortage and record-high demands from companies eager to fill open roles,software engineers on Hired received more than twice the amount of interview requests on average in 2021 than they did in 2020.This competitiv

2、e hiring market continues to put pressure on companies to offer compelling salaries and benefits and extend their talent search to hire remote software engineers outside of big tech hubs,expanding and distributing teams globally.For software engineers,upskilling is key to thrive in this global job m

3、arket and the more specialized their skill set,the higher the demand and salary.Josh Brenner CEO of Hired2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Demand by Company Size What Motivates Software

4、 EngineersWhats Next?Methodology&Glossary3Introduction In this report,we analyzed data from over 366,000 interactions between companies and software engineers on Hireds marketplace.To uncover the latest trends in the field,we also surveyed over 2,000 software engineer candidates on Hired.We studied

5、the most in-demand skills and roles,salaries across markets,shifts to remote hiring away from tech hubs,and what matters most to software engineers when considering a new job.We hope this report gives software engineers the insights and resources to advance their careers or start a career in the fie

6、ld while providing employers with actionable takeaways on how to better attract and retain tech talent.Here are some of the key findings:2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Demand by Comp

7、any Size What Motivates Software EngineersWhats Next?Methodology&Glossary4Key findingsSkills are the new currency in this global job market:For the second year in a row,the most in-demand skill was Go,with“Go-skilled”software engineers receiving 1.8x more interview requests compared to the marketpla

8、ce average.Here are the top in-demand skills for software engineers and engineering managers,as well as skills to successfully work remotely.The rise of cyber attacks led more companies to prioritize their security strategies.Thus,security engineers are in high demand and currently receive the highe

9、st average salary out of all software engineering roles.Here is typical compensation compared to 2020 and the skills needed to become a security engineer.They are the highest in-demand role and showed the highest increase in interview requests compared to other software engineering roles.The reason?

10、Companies seek to maximize their engineering teams efficiency and navigate team fluctuations in this volatile job market and shifting economy.Read more about the most demanded roles here.Companies are hiring more full stack engineers:The cybersecurity talent shortage is driving up demand and salarie

11、s for security engineers:2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Demand by Company Size What Motivates Software EngineersWhats Next?Methodology&Glossary5Key findingsRemote salaries increase a

12、cross all markets with the shift to global hiring:As software engineers have more options to work for companies across the globe,Canada and the U.K.are catching up to the U.S.to offer more competitive salaries.On the city level,smaller regions also saw higher salary growth compared to big tech hubs.

13、Here is what software engineers make on average in different cities and where they have seen the highest salary growth between 2020 and 2021.Software engineers across all markets received more interview requests for remote roles than for local ones in 2021 compared to 2020.When open to remote work,s

14、oftware engineers even received 20%more interview requests overall than candidates who are not.Here are the regions hiring remotely most aggressively and where local talent continues to be in demand.Smaller companies are quickly catching up with compelling pay and benefits to attract and hire top ta

15、lent in this competitive market bringing pay on par with enterprises with an average annual salary of$155k for software engineers in 2021.Here is the average compensation for software engineers at small,mid-sized,and large companies.Increased pressure for enterprises to stay competitive as startups

16、see an unprecedented level of funding and growth:A shift towards hiring remote software engineers in smaller markets:2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Demand by Company Size What Motiva

17、tes Software EngineersWhats Next?Methodology&Glossary6Key findingsSoftware engineers want to continuously learn,be challenged in their role,and solve meaningful problems:Besides solving public health issues amid the ongoing pandemic,software engineers are also excited about enhancing the future of w

18、ork through technology and providing better access to education and upskilling opportunities.Here is what motivates software engineers the most.Almost all software engineers surveyed said key elements for an ideal work environment are great managers,co-workers they get along with and can learn from,

19、and flexibility around work hours.Here are some tips and tools for companies to improve their interview process and optimize their remote work environment.The number of software engineers who acquire their skills through non-traditional avenues like bootcamps and simply teaching themselves continues

20、 to increase steadily every year.Here are some best practices and tools for companies to base hiring on skills over pedigree and to eliminate biases.The continued shift to non-traditional education:Companies need to prioritize hiring and company culture and embrace flexibility beyond remote work:202

21、2 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Demand by Company Size What Motivates Software EngineersWhats Next?Methodology&GlossaryTop Software Engineering Skills8The hottest*software engineering sk

22、ills In 2021,software engineers on Hireds platform received nearly double the number of interview requests from 2020.Naturally,having one or more of the top in-demand skills could increase interest from employers.So,what are the skills hiring managers want as they build their teams?The most in-deman

23、d skill in 2021 was Go(also called Golang or Go language),with“Go-skilled”software engineers receiving 1.8x more interview requests compared to the marketplace average.This marks the second year of Go taking the leading position for programming languages.“Go is seeing more adoption by larger compani

24、es such as Uber,Twitch,and Slack.It was designed with simplicity in mind,yet is extremely powerful,making it popular among engineers.”Dave Walters,CTO at Hired.Ruby on Rails the second most in-demand skill remains one of the most convenient and functional frameworks.Its also used by some big players

25、 such as Airbnb,GitHub,and Shopify.React,the popular front-end JavaScript library,has also stayed in high demand.Both startups and established companies and engineering teams are increasingly moving towards React as an opportunity to re-architect their platforms.*Note:When we discuss the hottest ski

26、lls in this report,we refer to a combination of the most specialized skills(i.e.fewer engineers have it,so its in higher demand)and the ones in highest demand from employers(panies are looking for those skills in candidates,so there are more opportunities for engineers with those skills).2022 State

27、of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Demand by Company Size What Motivates Software EngineersWhats Next?Methodology&Glossary92x1.5x1x.5xGoogle Cloud PlatformGoRuby On RailsScalaRubyReact NativeKotlin

28、TypescriptKafkaReactNode.JsSpring BootObjective-CReduxAngularjsDjangoKubernetesAngular 2Vue.JsAWS1.8x1.78x1.73x1.69x1.63x1.61x1.59x1.5x1.45x1.45x1.44x1.44x1.42x1.41x1.36x1.35x1.34x1.34x1.33x1.33xDemand by coding skill vs.marketplace averageThe hottest software engineering skills 2022 State of Softwa

29、re EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Demand by Company Size What Motivates Software EngineersWhats Next?Methodology&Glossary10Software engineers favorite&least favorite languagesBased on our survey of more th

30、an 2,000 software engineers,we found engineers continue to favor coding languages such as Python and JavaScript.Why?their useful and well-maintained libraries and packages,they typically know them well,which makes them more fun to program in.Software engineers noted their least favorite languages:ar

31、e not fun to program in,are complex and overwhelming,and many even had a bad experience working with them.PythonJavaScriptJavaTypeScriptC#GoHTMLC+RubyCKotlinPHPSwiftScalaRObjective-C12345678910111213141516Favorite languagesReasons for loving the languages64%The ecosystem(useful and well-maintained l

32、ibraries and packages)49%Community support(tone of the community,open to newcomers)46%The programming language is in high-demand34%Large companies use it26%It was the first programming language I learned57%It is fun to program in61%Resources available for learning and development63%I know it well202

33、2 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Demand by Company Size What Motivates Software EngineersWhats Next?Methodology&Glossary11Top skills for engineering managersIts more important to be profi

34、cient in coding languages and frameworks for software engineers than it is for engineering managers.Knowing the top in-demand skill as a software engineer boosted engineers demand from employers by 1.8x,while managers with the top skill,Ruby on Rails,got 1.2x more interview requests both compared to

35、 their respective marketplace averages.Top skills for managersRuby On Rails1.19xScalaAWSGoogle Cloud PlatformRubyJavaJavascriptGoReact NativePhp1.17x1.13x1.11x1.08x1.06x1.03x1.02x1.01x1.00 x.25x.5x.75x1xTop skills for individual contributorsGoRuby On RailsScalaRubyReact NativeKotlinTypescriptKafkaNo

36、de.JsReact1.80 x1.78x1.73x1.69x1.63x1.61x1.59x1.50 x1.45x1.45x.5x1x1.5x2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Demand by Company Size What Motivates Software EngineersWhats Next?Methodology&G

37、lossary12Do Engineering Managers need to be excellent coders,too?Results from an informal poll on Hireds LinkedIn page were split whether coding assignments should be part of the engineering manager hiring process.In general,it leaned slightly toward no.“As engineering teams grow in size,engineering

38、 managers tend to become less hands-on and active in the code.Theyre able to more easily transfer their skills gained from operating in one language or framework to the leadership of teams and projects in any language or framework.For employers and hiring managers,it thus becomes less important to h

39、ave manager candidates take coding assessments and they should instead focus on assessing their ability to lead a team and drive initiatives forward.”Dave Walters,CTO at HiredCloud environments,such as AWS and Google Cloud Platform,remain in high demand for hosting any type of application.They allow

40、 engineering teams to use more specialized tools to do their work compared to traditional data centers,giving them more flexibility.As engineering managers often work cross-functionally as a solution architect,resource manager,and project manager,its important they understand the environments their

41、applications are being built within.Based on our survey,we found the majority prefers to be hands-on in engineering projects,solve problems,and be in the trenches over coaching others and leading teams.In fact,the majority pursue software engineering because they want to solve problems,be creative,a

42、nd create things through coding.Only a few enter the field already aspiring to be managers.Do you prefer to work as a manager or as an individual contributor?64.4%I prefer to work as anindividualcontributor35.6%I prefer to work as amanager2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop S

43、oftware Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Demand by Company Size What Motivates Software EngineersWhats Next?Methodology&Glossary13Top skills to successfully work remotelyAccording to the software engineers participating in our survey,the ability to work

44、 independently and asynchronously is most important to successfully work remotely,followed by strong communication skills and time management.Those so-called“soft skills”are critical for various roles across an organization to thrive in todays remote and hybrid work environments.To successfully work

45、 with a distributed team,software engineers have to adapt to master those skills.3.793.453.281.62.85Ability to work independently/asynchronouslyStrong communication skills(verbal+written)Time managementAdaptabilityand flexibilityLeadership/managerial skillsWhat is the most important skill for sofwar

46、e engineers to successfully work remotely?Score based on respondents ranking from 1-5,with 5 being the most important012342022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Demand by Company Size What M

47、otivates Software EngineersWhats Next?Methodology&GlossaryTop Software Engineering Roles:Salaries&Skills15Salary trends by roleCompanies have been more aggressively hiring full stack engineers in 2021.Our data revealed full stack engineers showed the highest increase of 2.1%(when comparing 2021 to 2

48、020)in interview requests compared to other software engineering roles.Why?The simplest answer is to maximize an engineering teams efficiency and create redundancy to handle team fluctuations.We see this most often in startups and smaller companies with fewer resources.However,this demand is driven

49、by both sides employers and employees.As software engineers are aware of the high demand and thus higher salaries for full stack engineers,more candidates develop this broader skillset,looking for full stack roles.10%2020202120%30%of all interview requests by subrole%changeFull StackEngineerBackendE

50、ngineerFrontendEngineerDataEngineerBlockchainEngineerGamingEngineerComputerVisionEngineerNLPEngineerSecurityEngineerEmbeddedEngineer31.3%33.4%+2.1%32.6%33.2%+0.6%16.8%17.2%+0.4%5.0%5.0%+0.0%0.6%0.4%0.8%0.6%0.7%0.4%0.7%0.7%+0.0%0.8%0.8%+0.0%0.7%0.6%-0.5%-0.2%-0.2%-0.4%Backend EngineerFull Stack Engin

51、eerFrontend EngineerData EngineerMobile EngineerMachine Learning EngineerSecurity EngineerEmbedded EngineerGaming EngineerComputer Vision Engineer12345678910Top 10 subroles by supply2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering Roles

52、Salary&Demand Trends by Market Demand by Company Size What Motivates Software EngineersWhats Next?Methodology&Glossary16The hottest software engineering rolesThe rise of cyber attacks since the beginning of the pandemic in 2020 spurred more companies to realize how vulnerable they are to hackers.The

53、y reevaluated and prioritized their security strategies.Its no surprise security engineers have been in high demand and now receive the highest average salary with$165,505 per year.They have also seen the highest salary growth among all software engineers with+7.6%compared to 2020.There continues to

54、 be an immense talent shortage in cybersecurity,driving up demand and salaries even further.Voice,chat bots,and AI-powered transcription have been hot areas in tech as well,leading to high salaries for NLP engineers with$160,227 on average per year.AR/VR engineers also make the top 10 list as compan

55、ies across various industries explore the metaverse.Overall,engineers with specialty skills from security to mobile,NLP,and AR/VR continue to see high average salaries.Related:Curious about salaries for various tech roles?Check out our updated Salary CalculatorSalaries by top subroles20202021Securit

56、yEngineerSearchEngineerNLPEngineerMobileEngineerMachineLearning AR/VREngineerBackendEngineerDatabaseEngineer BlockchainEngineerDataEngineer+7.59%change-1.29%-2.48%+0.92%-1.69%-7.42%+0.94%+3.02%-1.36%+0.26%$153,835$165,505$162,489$160,392$164,297$160,227$157,256$158,698$161,024$158,307$170,977$158,29

57、2$155,828$157,295$152,540$157,148$158,690$156,527$155,578$155,990$50k$100k$150k2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Demand by Company Size What Motivates Software EngineersWhats Next?Metho

58、dology&Glossary17Most Common Engineering Skills by SubroleInterested in or currently work in any of these subroles?Here are the skills most common among working software engineers in each of these specializations.If you work in one of these,do your skills align?If youre ready to upskill,check out th

59、e Hired partners offering bootcamps,courses,and certifications on pages 35-36.(Lists determined by volume of those skills exhibited by engineers on Hireds platform,not demand).PythonJavaAWSJavaScriptLinuxSQLC+DockerCGoJavaJavaScriptPythonSqlAwsReactNode.JsDockerC+Kubernetes1234567891012345678910Top

60、Security Engineer SkillsTop Backend Engineer SkillsNote:Lists determined by volume of those skills exhibited by engineers on Hireds platform,not demand2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market

61、Demand by Company Size What Motivates Software EngineersWhats Next?Methodology&Glossary18Most Common Engineering Skills by SubrolePythonSqlAwsJavaSparkDockerMachine LearningLinuxScala HadoopC+CPythonLinuxJavaEmbedded SystemsJavaScriptPythonSQLJavaAWSC+TensorflowNLPDockerDeep LearningSparkJavaScriptR

62、eactNode.jsHTMLCSSTypeScriptJavaPythonAWSSQLJavaSwiftAndroidiOSKotlinJavaScriptObjective-CPythonReactHTMLJavaScriptReactJavaPythonNode.jsSQLHTMLAWSCSSTypeScript12345678910123456712345678910123456789101234567891012345678910Top Data Engineer SkillsTop Embedded Engineer SkillsTop ML Engineer SkillsTop

63、Frontend Engineer SkillsTop Mobile Engineer SkillsTop Fullstack Engineer Skills2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Demand by Company Size What Motivates Software EngineersWhats Next?Metho

64、dology&GlossarySalary&Demand Trends by Market20Salary trends by market The U.S.still pays the highest salaries for software engineers overall.The U.K.and Canada are behind(with London and Toronto also paying the lowest average salaries across all markets evaluated),but these regions are catching up,

65、becoming more competitive in compensation.Canada saw the highest growth in average salaries with a 9.2%increase between 2020 and 2021.The U.K.followed with an increase of 2.7%and then the U.S.with 0.8%.This reflects the increasing shift to remote and global hiring.As talent is able to work for compa

66、nies across the world,they have more opportunities and access to higher-paying jobs in other regions.When looking more closely at the different cities across these countries,the data shows a similar trend suggesting a shift away from traditional tech hubs.While the San Francisco Bay Area still pays

67、the highest average salary(for both local and remote software engineering roles)across all markets,smaller regions are catching up quickly and seeing higher salary growth than the bigger tech hubs year-over-year.Austin,followed closely by Seattle and Chicago,had the highest increase in average salar

68、ies,with a 9%bump from$139k in 2020 to$151k in 2021.This high growth in overall salaries in those smaller markets is mainly driven by their increase in remote salaries with Austin seeing an 8%increase.On the other side,big hubs such as San Francisco and New York saw the least amount of overall(local

69、 and remote)salary growth between 2020 and 2021(1%and 2%respectively),reinforcing the shift towards hiring remote talent in smaller markets.Its clear the future is remote for tech professionals who can work from anywhere Remote salaries grew across all markets between 2020 and 2021,while local salar

70、ies saw a slight decrease.This is most notable in some smaller markets such as Los Angeles,Denver,and Dallas(where remote work has increased).To stay competitive with U.S.salaries,Toronto even saw an astounding 14%increase in average remote salaries.Related:Check out our 2021 State of Tech Salaries

71、Report2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Demand by Company Size What Motivates Software EngineersWhats Next?Methodology&Glossary21Salary trends by market Seattle$162k+7%$162k+8%SF Bay Ar

72、ea$170k+2%$168k+5%Los Angeles$142k-2%$151k+7%San Diego$133k+2%$150k+6%Austin$142k+7%$150k+8%Chicago$129k+5%$143k+8%Dallas/Ft.Worth$120k-4%$140k+5%Denver$124k-3%$146k+7%Toronto(CAD)$1 18k+5%$125k+14%Boston$146k+5%$149k+3%Remote(globally)$157k+3%United States$156k+1%Canada(CAD)$128k+9%United Kingdom75

73、k+3%Washington D.C.$135k+2%$147k+4%Atlanta$137k+5%$147k+1%London75k+5%73k+6%New York$151k-1%$152k+4%Average local and remote salary by market2021 local average salary2021 remote average salary2021 combined average salary2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering

74、 Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Demand by Company Size What Motivates Software EngineersWhats Next?Methodology&Glossary22Demand for remote vs.local roles by market Across all markets,software engineers have received more interview requests for remote roles than f

75、or local ones in 2021 compared to 2020,in line with the shift of companies increasingly hiring for remote roles and less for local positions(even if the candidate is in the same market as the company).Boston and San Diego saw the most drastic shift from local to remote hiring between 2020 and 2021.D

76、ata shows a 39.2%and 37.5%decrease in the percentage of local interview requests within their respective market(while remote ones have increased in the same way).In San Diego,66%of the total interview requests received by local job seekers were for remote positions,while the rest(34%)was for local r

77、oles.This was the highest percentage across all markets.In general,smaller markets such as San Diego,Denver,Austin,and Los Angeles have the lowest demand for local software engineers.Jobseekers in those markets received more than 60%remote interview requests of all interview inquiries sent within th

78、eir market.Toronto and London software engineers still get more local interview requests than remote ones within their markets.Data shows only 26.8%and 21.2%remote interview requests respectively out of all requests sent within their market.Big hubs such as London and the San Francisco Bay Area stil

79、l have the strongest demand for local software engineering talent,with the highest percentage of local interview requests out of all local ones sent across all markets.These hubs have also seen slower growth in remote demand compared to other markets which emphasizes the shift to hiring remote talen

80、t in smaller regions.2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Demand by Company Size What Motivates Software EngineersWhats Next?Methodology&Glossary23Change in%share of all interview requests

81、 on HiredWashington D.C.New YorkChicagoDallas/Ft WorthPhiladelphiaBostonAtlantaMinneapolis/St.Paul San DiegoDenverLos AngelesAustinSeattleTorontoLondonSF Bay Area+2.2%+2.6%+3.4%+1.8%+1.8%+1.3%+1.2%1.3%+1.0%+1.2%-0.7%+1.1%+0.6%+1.0%+0.3%+0.6%+0.3%+0.6%+0.5%+0.2%+0.9%-0.1+0.4%-0.4%+0.1%-0.4%-0.0%-0.9%

82、-3.5%-4.5%-7.7%-4.7%Local interview requestsRemote interview requestsDemand for remote vs.local roles by market Local vs.remote interview requestsSan DiegoDenverMinneapolis/St.PaulAustinLos AngelesAtlantaDallas/Ft WorthSeattleWashington D.C.PhiladelphiaBostonChicagoSF Bay AreaNew YorkOtherTorontoLon

83、don33.9%66.1%34.8%65.2%36.5%63.5%38.7%61.3%39.3%60.7%40.0%60.0%43.6%56.4%44.4%55.6%44.6%55.4%45.9%54.1%48.2%51.8%49.4%50.6%53.9%46.1%54.5%45.5%55.6%44.4%73.2%26.8%78.8%21.2%25%50%75%Local interview requestsRemote interview requests2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software

84、Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Demand by Company Size What Motivates Software EngineersWhats Next?Methodology&GlossaryDemand by Company Size25Small companies in big hubs have accelerated remote hiring While the distribution of local hiring demand has

85、remained pretty similar year-over-year between the different company sizes*across markets,there has been a significant shift within big hubs specifically.Small companies in big tech hubs have been more aggressive in remote hiring.Out of all remote interview requests sent from big hubs between 2020 a

86、nd 2021,small companies jumped by 15%.Meanwhile,interview requests from enterprises in big hubs declined by 18.5%.Lets take a deeper look at where companies hire remotely Companies of all sizes from small companies to enterprises are hiring remote talent in smaller markets and are hiring less talent

87、 in big tech hubs.However,the shift towards hiring in lower cost of living regions presents as more drastic for mid-sized and large companies compared to small firms.Why?Because small ones have already hired more in smaller markets in previous years.As we see talent moving away from big hubs like Sa

88、n Francisco and New York to live in smaller cities,companies are adjusting their recruiting strategies.Theyre following the talent to where they are now.*Note:Small businesses=1-300 employees;mid-sized businesses=301-1,000 employees;enterprises=1,001+employees2022 State of Software EngineersIntroduc

89、tionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Demand by Company Size What Motivates Software EngineersWhats Next?Methodology&Glossary26Small companies in big hubs have accelerated remote hiring Small CompaniesEnterpriseTier 1 City Compan

90、iesTier 2 City CompaniesTier 3 City CompaniesSmall CompaniesEnterpriseSmall CompaniesEnterprise57.1%Candidates in Tier 1 Cities-9.3%v.202014.4%Candidates in Tier 2 Cities-0.2%v.202028.6%Candidates in Tier 3 Cities+9.5%v.202043.0%Candidates in Tier 1 Cities-17.7%v.202020.2%Candidates in Tier 2 Cities

91、-0.6%v.202036.8%Candidates in Tier 3 Cities+17.7%v.202032.2%Candidates in Tier 1 Cities+0.6%v.202030.0%Candidates in Tier 2 Cities-11.9%v.202037.8%Candidates in Tier 3 Cities+11.3%v.202034.4%Candidates in Tier 1 Cities-4.7%v.202024.8%Candidates in Tier 2 Cities-5.9%v.202040.8%Candidates in Tier 3 Ci

92、ties+10.6%v.202034.5%Candidates in Tier 1 Cities-9.7%v.202019.9%Candidates in Tier 2 Cities-1.7%v.202045.6%Candidates in Tier 3 Cities+11.4%v.202033.6%Candidates in Tier 1 Cities-7.6%v.202020.1%Candidates in Tier 2 Cities-5.3%v.202046.3%Candidates in Tier 3 Cities+12.9%v.2020Where companies are hiri

93、ng by size and locationsee breakdown of tier 1-3 markets here2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Demand by Company Size What Motivates Software EngineersWhats Next?Methodology&Glossary27T

94、op skills by company sizeThe top in-demand skills remain similar across different company sizes.However,engineers will be more likely to use C#and C+at mid-sized and larger firms compared to smaller companies and startups.ReactJavascriptPythonNode.JsJavaTypescriptAWSRuby On RailsGoSQLReactJavaPython

95、JavascriptAWSNode.JsTypescriptGoRuby On RailsC#JavaPythonReactJavascriptAWSNode.JsGoTypescriptC#C+123456789101234567891012345678910Top SMB SkillsTop Mid-Market SkillsTop Enterprise Skills2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering

96、RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Demand by Company Size What Motivates Software EngineersWhats Next?Methodology&Glossary28Salary trends by company sizeAmid the ongoing Great Resignation,theres increased pressure for enterprises to stay competitive as startups are seeing an unprecedented level of

97、funding and growth.As such,smaller companies are quickly catching up with compelling pay and benefits to attract and hire top talent in this competitive market.Small businesses saw the highest average salary growth from 2020 to 2021 with a 1.7%increase.This brings them on par with enterprises with a

98、n average annual salary of$155k in 2021.Why?Smaller companies are hiring more remote talent than enterprises and remote roles have higher salaries.Enterprises hire more local talent where average salaries are stagnant or even decreased in some markets.Related:Survey Results:Top 3 Benefits Ranked by

99、Engineers(Besides Salary)Average salary by company size$150k+1.5%+1.0%+0.5%$100k$50k$158,241$155,423+1.7%+0.6%+0.0%$155,0152021 average salaryChange v.2020Small BusinessesMid-market BusinessesEnterprises2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Softw

100、are Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Demand by Company Size What Motivates Software EngineersWhats Next?Methodology&GlossaryWhat Motivates Software Engineers30Biggest motivators for software engineersThe opportunity to continuously learn and tackle new challenges continues to be the n

101、umber one reason software engineers enter a career in the field.The coding love is real.Similar to last years findings,almost half of the software engineers surveyed say their biggest motivator to learn a new skill is simply because they enjoy it.A takeaway for employers?Offer compelling career deve

102、lopment opportunities to attract and retain software engineers and ensure they feel adequately challenged in their role.Based on our survey of software engineers,more than half said its important to them that their employer provides professional development opportunities.Reasons for learning new ski

103、lls64%I enjoy learning new skills49%A company I am interested in working for requires it57%My current skills are becoming less relevant61%I know the skill will be in high-demand in the near future 63%My job requires it2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering S

104、kills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Demand by Company Size What Motivates Software EngineersWhats Next?Methodology&Glossary31Biggest motivators for software engineersWhat most attracted you to a career in sofware engineering?(Respondents could provide more than one ans

105、wer)New challenges and continuous learning72.2%Building products/solutions and problem-solving63.8%Earning potential62.3%Opportunity to work remotely44.5%Work-life balance37.2%Career stability37.0%Opportunity to express myself creatively33.4%Opportunity to collaborate with other tech workers24.0%25%

106、50%2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Demand by Company Size What Motivates Software EngineersWhats Next?Methodology&Glossary32Solving big global issues As the COVID-19 pandemic carries

107、on,software engineers continue to feel passionate about solving public health issues with their coding skills.They are also excited about enhancing the future of work through technology.With the shift to remote and hybrid workplaces,the way we work and interact with coworkers has changed dramaticall

108、y,giving rise to new tools enhancing communication and collaboration.Its a competitive,global job market and skills are the new currency.Upskilling and acquiring the most relevant skills are key to advancing in a career or entering a new industry as workers are“reshuffling”and changing jobs at recor

109、d highs.Software engineers want to help level the playing field to provide better access to(non-traditional)education and create new ways of learning.Public health(healthcare,prevention,disease)Education/access to upskillingHuman collaboration/future of workGlobal warming/Climate issuesLack of econo

110、mic opportunity and unemploymentMoonshotsAlternative currency(e.g.cryptocurrency,blockchain)Transportation/logisticsSpaceFood and water scarcity12.82%12.52%12.52%11.86%11.50%9.36%6.72%4.58%4.58%3.21%What are you most passionate about solving with your coding skills?(Respondents could provide more th

111、an one answer)5%10%2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Demand by Company Size What Motivates Software EngineersWhats Next?Methodology&GlossaryWhatsNext?34The hottest areas to watch in tec

112、h In line with the high demand and increase in salary for security engineers,cybersecurity is one of the hottest areas to follow,according to survey respondents.With the rise of AR and VR and big tech companies determining how to enter the metaverse,keep an eye out for whats next in this space,too.R

113、emember AR/VR engineers are also in high demand and get compelling salaries due to their specialty skill set.What are,in your opinion,the hottest trends to watch out for this year in your industry?(Respondents could provide more than one answer)20%40%AI/ML/Big DataCybersecurityMetaverse and AR/VRFin

114、techWeb3Open sourceNo-code/low-codeComputer Vision55.1%36.1%34.1%31.1%30.9%25.7%22.0%17.1%2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Demand by Company Size What Motivates Software EngineersWhats

115、 Next?Methodology&Glossary35Resources for learning new skillsGreat news the vast majority of software engineers use free online resources to learn new skills.Some also cited books as their main way to stay educated.As mentioned,skills are the new currency.So if youre an engineer,here are some Hired

116、partners to help upskill and advance your career.Many offer discounts to Hired candidates!Ready to find a new engineering role?Click here to complete your free profile.Even though I have been working in a management role for the last 9 years of my career,I still find it important to stay abreast of

117、the current landscape so I can help make informed decisions.Certifications are a great way to help do that.Jason Awbrey,Former Hired candidate and Engineering Manager at TaniumI am a proud Makers Academy bootcamp grad,where the emphasis on test-driven development and quality code have enabled me to

118、thrive in the industry.Without it,I wouldnt be an engineer.Paula Muldoon,Senior Software Engineer at Zopa2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Demand by Company Size What Motivates Software

119、 EngineersWhats Next?Methodology&Glossary36Resources for learning new skillsTech communities&networkingBaddies in Tech helps women of color build and grow their careers.Adas List is a community for women and non-binary people in tech to connect and progress.Diversability elevates disability equity a

120、s it connects and empowers people of all abilities.Techqueria is the largest community for Latinx tech professionals.Bootcamps&coding schoolsMakers combines tech education with attractive employment possibilities.Boolean is an intensive 6-month full-time online course to start your career in softwar

121、e engineering.Code Your Future trains refugees and other disadvantaged people to become software engineers and helps them find work.Workshops and UpskillingBlockchain Training Alliance is the leading provider of instructor-led Blockchain courses and certifications.General Assembly offers a variety o

122、f online and in-person classes to learn new skills.Educative provides interactive courses for software engineers to learn new skills faster and hassle-free.2U offers certified online short courses from the worlds leading universities.Career ServicesExponent offers interview prep courses,career coach

123、ing,and peer-to-peer support.TopResume is the worlds largest resume-writing service.2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Demand by Company Size What Motivates Software EngineersWhats Next?

124、Methodology&Glossary37Employers here are some ways to attract and retain software engineersPrioritize company culture and hiring great teamsAlmost all software engineers surveyed said key elements for an ideal culture and work environment are:great managers,co-workers they get along with and can lea

125、rn from,and flexibility around work hours.The majority also ranked opportunities for professional development and career growth as important,as stated previously.We all know by now that if you dont offer flexibility and remote work,you wont have much luck finding candidates.Opportunities for career

126、advancement have also become a must-have in the tech world.Beyond that,companies need to refine their recruiting and hiring strategies and provide the best experience for candidates not only to attract and hire the ideal person for a given role but also to identify whether theyre a culture-add and w

127、ould thrive in your specific work environment.Start by improving your interview process to make it more inclusive and tailored to each candidate.Here are some recommendations:Ebook:The 15 Minute Technical Phone Screen:How to Vet Candidates Quickly How to get the most out of this first interview.Eboo

128、k:Want to Run Better Interviews?You Need a Pre-Brief Meeting(Free Template)Align teams before interviews begin and improve the candidate experience,too.Data Report:Hireds 2021 List of Top Employers Winning Tech Talent See how core values and a strong employer brand improve the ability to attract,win

129、,and retain talent.1.Flexibility around work hours,schedule,etc.No(or very few)meetingsCo-workers you get along with and learn fromGreat managersOpportunities for professional development and career growthOpportunities to solve the most challenging problemsStrong mission/visionGreat,exciting product

130、Small company and team(startup/entrepreneurial environment)Large company and opportunities to work on name-brand product(many teams/more networking)Remote perks,such as stipendsInitiatives supporting DEI12345 6 789 10 1112What makes an ideal company culture and work environment for you?2022 State of

131、 Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Demand by Company Size What Motivates Software EngineersWhats Next?Methodology&Glossary38Employers here are some ways to attract and retain software engineersOptimi

132、ze your remote work environment Its no longer enough to simply provide the option to work remotely and avoid a commute.Employers need to embrace flexibility more broadly,providing employees with the freedom to manage their own time and work schedule without the confines of the strict 9-5.Prioritize

133、autonomy before wellness stipends and other perks that are more of a nice-to-have for most.In non-stop Zoom meetings most days?Maybe its time to reassess your meeting policy and take a critical look at which ones are really necessary and what can be done asynchronously instead.Find the right balance

134、 of tools to use internally.Software engineers want to be able to easily and efficiently communicate and collaborate with their colleagues in real-time but too many tools are overwhelming and harming their productivity.Try implementing one app for quick communications like Slack,one project manageme

135、nt tool like Asana,and one tool to enable asynchronous work like Loom.Keep it simple and listen to what your employees need.Nobody wants to be bogged down monitoring multiple channels of communication.Experiment with“rules of engagement”determined by each team.What types of communication are suited

136、for each tool?If its necessary to maintain a“single source of truth”for projects,which channel is it?Does it help team productivity to limit checking emails/Slack/IMs to certain times each day,versus constant disruptions or assumptions of responsiveness?Discuss and work out whats best for specific t

137、eams.2.More flexibility(e.g.in work hours,schedule,time management)Not having to go in an officeReimbursements for home office equipmentStipends to use for professional developmentStipends to use for wellnessToo many virtual meetingsNot having the right equipment and home office set up(extra monitor

138、s,etc.)More distractions at homeDifficulty in accessing my colleagues for real-time collaborationToo many apps/tools to monitor and switch between1 234512 34 5What are your favorite(new)remote work benefits?What are the biggest challenges to your productivity working remotely?2022 State of Software

139、EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Demand by Company Size What Motivates Software EngineersWhats Next?Methodology&Glossary39Employers here are some ways to attract and retain software engineersHire for skills,

140、not pedigree The number of software engineers who acquire their skills through non-traditional avenues like bootcamps and simply teaching themselves(e.g.with some of the resources mentioned above)continues to increase steadily every year as more options become available.We suspect well see even more

141、 in the years to come as people graduate and join the tech industry following a career pivot during COVID-19 or through stimulus and reskilling funding.So in this candidate-driven and competitive hiring market,its crucial to prioritize skill-based hiring and not overlook great and qualified candidat

142、es who took the path less traveled.Take Elon Musks advice and hire for what matters most:skills.Its time to retire pedigree biases for good.“Theres no doubt to me that more and more companies are willing to hire bootcamp graduates now than ever before.”Fahim ul Haq,CEO and co-founder of Educative.To

143、 identify the right candidate no matter what their background is ask yourself:Who submitted stronger test assignments?Which candidate had standout soft skills during the interview process?What skills do candidates need to excel on the job?Proficiency in Python?JavaScript?SQL?Get specific.Avoid getti

144、ng stuck on a candidates current role or title.If theyve been an IC for a while and aspire to move into a team lead or manager role soon,an open(indefinitely)IC role may not be the right fit.Conversely,a manager may be interested in stepping away from management for various personal and professional

145、 reasons.Its not about checking boxes on a job description,its more about whats best for both parties,today and down the road.If youre concerned about unconscious bias in the hiring process,AI tools can help.According to a survey by Gartner,17%of organizations use AI-based solutions for HR and anoth

146、er 30%will do so in 2022.3.How did you learn to program?46%45%I have a computer science degree2021202011%10%I participated in a bootcamp program18%22%I have a relevant college degree 24%23%Im self-taught2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Softw

147、are Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Demand by Company Size What Motivates Software EngineersWhats Next?Methodology&Glossary40Employers here are some ways to attract and retain software engineersHere are some tools to help eliminate(pedigree or other)bias and focus on skills in the hi

148、ring process:Employers here are some ways to attract and retain software engineersBias reduction toolsCriteria Corp provides unbiased pre-employment tests designed to prompt better hiring decisions.Textio helps you craft more inclusive job descriptions and other hiring content to attract qualified c

149、andidates regardless of their background or demographics.Hireds Diversity Goals matches you with the best candidate based on their skills and years of experience rather than pedigree.Other features on the Hired platform help reduce salary bias as well.Get a customized hiring solution for your busine

150、ss.Request a free demoNeed a hiring solution right now?Try Hired for Free2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Demand by Company Size What Motivates Software EngineersWhats Next?Methodology

151、&Glossary41MethodologyGlossaryTier 1 markets:San Francisco Bay AreaNew YorkLondonTier 2 markets:BostonLos AngelesSeattleTorontoTier 3 markets:AtlantaAustinChicagoDallas/Ft WorthDenverMinneapolis/St PaulOtherPhiladelphiaSan DiegoWashington D.C.This report is based on proprietary data gathered and ana

152、lyzed by Hireds data science teams.For the purpose of this report,Hired examined software engineering candidate interview requests and salary data from January 2020 through December 2021 inclusive.The data included reflects over 366,000 interactions between companies and software engineers on Hired

153、during this time period.A minimum of 50 interview requests for salary-related data was required for the data to be valid and included in the report and a minimum of 500 interview requests were required in a given market for it to be included.Of note,for the sections on the demand for certain softwar

154、e engineering roles and skills,candidates can have multiple subroles as well as several skills associated with their candidate profile(e.g.,a candidate with a primary role of software engineer can have both NLP engineer and machine learning engineer subroles on their profile).All salaries indicated

155、reflect the salaries offered by an employer at the time of the interview request.In addition to our proprietary data,we collected survey responses from more than 2,000 software engineers on the Hired marketplace to inform our understanding of software engineers working preferences.2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Demand by Company Size What Motivates Software EngineersWhats Next?Methodology&Glossary