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1、World Intellectual Property Indicators 2023World Intellectual Property Indicators 20232 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International.The user is allowed to reproduce,distribute,adapt,translate and publicly perform this publication,including for commercial purposes,witho
2、ut explicit permission,provided that the content is accompanied by an acknowledgement that WIPO is the source and that it is clearly indicated if changes were made to the original content.Suggested citation:World Intellectual Property Organization(WIPO)(2023).World Intellectual Property Indicators 2
3、023.Geneva:WIPO.DOI:10.34667/tind.48541Adaptation/translation/derivatives should not carry any official emblem or logo,unless they have been approved and validated by WIPO.Please contact us via the WIPO website to obtain permission.For any derivative work,please include the following disclaimer:“The
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6、nternational Trade Law(UNCITRAL)then in force.The parties shall be bound by any arbitration award rendered as a result of such arbitration as the final adjudication of such a dispute.The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of
7、 any opinion whatsoever on the part of WIPO concerning the legal status of any country,territory or area or of its authorities,or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.This publication is not intended to reflect the views of the Member States or the WIPO Secretariat.The mention
8、of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by WIPO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.WIPO,2023First published 2023World Intellectual Property Organization34,chemin des Colombettes,P.O.Box 18CH-1211 Geneva 2
9、0,Switzerlandwipo.intISBN:978-92-805-3546-4(Print)ISBN:978-92-805-3547-1(Online)ISSN:2709-5193(Print)ISSN:2709-5207(Online)Attribution 4.0 International(CC BY 4.0)Cover:WIPOWIPO Publication No.941EN/23 3ContentsForeword 4Acknowledgments 6Further information 6Key numbers 7Patents 8Highlights 9Patent
10、statistics 22Trademarks 65Highlights 66Trademark statistics 76Industrial designs 108Highlights 109Industrial design statistics 117Plant varieties 144Highlights 145Plant variety statistics 149Geographical indications 159Highlights 160Creative economy 167Highlights 168Creative economy statistics 173Ad
11、ditional information 184Data description 185IP systems at a glance 188Glossary 193Abbreviations 201Annexes 2024 ForewordDaren Tang,Director General,World Intellectual Property Organization(WIPO)This years World Intellectual Property Indicators(WIPI)report reflects the global economic uncertainty tha
12、t characterized 2022.While countries around the world continued to look toward innovation,creativity,technology,and entrepreneurship,this was set against a global backdrop clouded by rising inflation,a cost-of-living crisis,and tighter monetary supply.First,the good news.Innovators around the world
13、submitted nearly 3.5 million patent applications last year-a record high.What is notable is the broad geographical base of this growth.Among the top five offices,patent applications at both the IP office of China and the European Patent Office outstripped the global average,with the US returning to
14、growth for the first time since the pandemic.Broaden the lens to the top 20 offices,and we see double-digit increases at the offices of South Africa,India,and Indonesia.For India,this is the sixth year of growth in a row,with patent filings surging by a quarter last year in 2022,the fastest increase
15、 since 2005.Notable rises were also recorded at the offices of Algeria,Colombia,Trkiye,and Saudi Arabia.Trademark filing has returned to a more regular level after a surge of applications linked to the pandemic.Application class counts declined by 14.5 percent last year.But it must be remembered tha
16、t the overall trend is Emmanuel Berrod/WIPO 5still one of growth with over 1.5 times more applications filed in 2022 than 2012.We also record a 2.1 percent decline in the number of designs contained in applications.But again,this should be contextualized against a much longer arc of growth,with appl
17、ications 20 percent above what they were ten years ago.Beyond the year-to-year figures,the impact of new technologies on IP filings continues as a long-term trend.Even in 2021,when countries around the world were battling the pandemic,patent applications in computer technology grew by 11 percent to
18、around 380,000.This is close to three times the level of 10 years ago,with computing growing faster than any of the other major technology field.Research and technology was found to be the most popular filing sector by applicants seeking trademark protection abroad.All in all,digital technology rela
19、ted IP filings continue to power ahead,despite the backdrop pf global uncertainty.As governments and businesses navigate this clouded environment,we hope that the insights that stem from the reports rich dataset will serve not only as a robust reference guide,but as a practical tool for strengthenin
20、g IP systems and supporting innovation and creativity the world over.This is WIPIs true strength,and why we are deeply grateful to Member States and our partners across 150 national and regional IP offices for their continued support of this unique and agenda-setting report on the global IP landscap
21、e.6 World Intellectual Property Indicators 2023 was prepared under the direction of Daren Tang(Director General)in the IP and Innovation Ecosystems Sector led by Marco Aleman(Assistant Director General),and supervised by Carsten Fink(Chief Economist).The report was prepared by Kyle Bergquist,Mosahid
22、 Khan,Ryan Lamb,Bruno Le Feuvre and Hao Zhou,all from the Department for Economics and Data Analytics.Peter Button,Yolanda Huerta-Casado and Ariane Besse of the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants(UPOV)provided comments and suggestions for the plant varieties section.Al
23、exandra Grazioli,Matteo Gragnani and Anouck Jezequel of the Brands and Designs Sector provided comments and suggestions for the geographical indications section.Gratitude is also owed to Enrico Turrin of the Federation of the European Publishers for sharing some of the creative economy data.Samiah D
24、o Carmo Figueiredo and Jovana Stojanovi provided administrative support.Gratitude is also owed to the Information and Digital Outreach Division for the editing and design and to staff in the Printing Plant for their services.AcknowledgmentsFurther informationOnline resourcesThe electronic version of
25、 this report and the underlying data can be downloaded at www.wipo.int/ipstats.This webpage also provides a link to the IP Statistics Data Center,offering access to WIPOs statistical data.Contact informationStatistics and Data Analytics DivisionWebsite:www.wipo.int/ipstatse-mail:ipstats.mailwipo.int
26、 7IP filing activity by officePatents20212022Growth rate(%)Share of world total(%)Applications worldwide3,400,5003,457,4001.7100.0China1,585,6631,619,2682.146.8US591,473594,3400.517.2Japan289,200289,5300.18.4Utility modelsApplications worldwide2,924,4203,010,5102.9100.0China2,852,2192,950,6533.598.0
27、Germany10,5769,46910.50.3Russian Federation9,0798,5216.10.3TrademarksApplication class counts worldwide18,182,30015,543,30014.5100.0China9,454,7357,513,50420.548.3US899,499767,37514.74.9India488,459500,3052.43.2Industrial designsApplication design counts worldwide1,513,8001,482,6002.1100.0China805,7
28、10798,1120.953.8EUIPO(EU office)117,049109,1326.87.4Trkiye65,92484,11127.65.7Plant varietiesApplications worldwide25,20027,2608.2100.0China11,19513,02716.447.8Community Plant Variety Office(EU)3,4803,1938.211.7UK4091,702316.16.2Source:WIPO Statistics Database,August 2023.Key numbersPatents 9In 2022,
29、innovators from around the world submitted a record-breaking 3.46 million patent applications the highest number of filings ever recordedIn 2022,innovators worldwide filed 3.46 million patent applications,marking a 1.7%increase over 2021(figure 1.1).Following a 3%decline in 2019,patent applications
30、globally have risen for three consecutive years,with growth rates of 1.5%in 2020,3.6%in 2021,and 1.7%in 2022.A substantial rise in filings by China,which made 33,605 more applications than it did in 2021,combined with robust contributions from the intellectual property(IP)office of India(15,495 addi
31、tional applications),South Africa(+3,030)and the European Patent Office(EPO)(+4,832),was the main driver of growth in 2022.The IP offices of Saudi Arabia(+1,858)and the United States Patent and Trademark Office(USPTO)(+2,867)also made notable contributions to overall growth.Patent applications filed
32、 worldwide grew by 1.7%in 2022,marking a third consecutive year of growth1.1.Patent applications worldwide,2008202201,000,0002,000,0003,000,0004,000,000Applications200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022Application yearSource:Figure A1.Worldwide filing of 3.46 million applicatio
33、ns comprised 2.41 million resident filings(69.7%of the total)and 1.05 million non-resident filings(30.3%).Since a 2.3%decrease at the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020,non-resident filings have gron 4.7%in 2021 and 3.1%in 2022.Resident filings,however,only increased by a modest 1.1%in 2022,signi
34、ficantly below the growth rates observed in 2020(+3.2%)and 2021(+3.1%).The long-term trend in global patent applications has consistently been upward.Applications doubled from around 1 million in 1995 to approximately 2 million by 2010,and reached the 3.5 million mark in 2022.It is notable that a su
35、bstantial surge in resident filings within China has contributed to a significant drop in the global share of non-resident filings,which have decreased from 39.8%in 2008 to 30.3%in 2022(figure A2).HighlightsWorld Intellectual Property Indicators 202310 The IP office of China received 46.8%of global
36、patent applications in 2022The National Intellectual Property Administration of the Peoples Republic of China(CNIPA)received 1.6 million patent applications in 2022,up 2.1%on 2021.1 Since 2015,CNIPA has consistently received over a million applications annually.The USPTO with 594,340 applications ra
37、nked second,followed by the Japan Patent Office(JPO)(289,530),the Korean Intellectual Property Office(KIPO)(237,633)and the EPO(193,610)(figure 1.2).Together,these top five offices accounted for 84.9%of the world total in 2022,5.3 percentage points higher than their combined share a decade earlier i
38、n 2012.This is entirely due to an unprecedented growth in filings within China.Chinas share of the world total has risen from 27.7%in 2012 to 46.8%in 2022.In contrast,every other office within the top five has experienced a decrease in share during the same period;for instance,USPTOs share has decli
39、ned from 23%to 17.2%over the past decade.The composition and the ranking of the top 10 offices globally remained unchanged between 2021 and 2022.Similarly,the list of IP offices occupying 11th to 20th position has remained the same,albeit with slight differences in the rankings.Notably,in 2022,South
40、 Africa,Israel and Indonesia moved up one spot to 17th,18th and 19th,respectively,while Italy dropped three places to 20th(figure A7).Among top 20 offices,there is a substantial variation in the origin of applications(figure A7).For example,non-resident applicants accounted for nine out of every 10
41、applications received by the IP offices of Australia;China,Hong Kong SAR;and Mexico.In contrast,only around one in 10 applications received by the IP offices of China,France and Italy was a non-resident application.The resident versus non-resident distribution was more or less even at the EPO,the IP
42、 office of India and the USPTO.Non-resident applicants accounted for 57.5%of total applications filed in the US,but only 9.6%in China1.2.Patent applications at the top 10 offices,2022100,000200,000300,000400,000.1,600,000ApplicationsChinaUSJapanRepublic of KoreaEPOIndiaGermanyCanadaAustraliaRussian
43、FederationResidentNon-residentSource:Figure A7.Among top five offices,China registered strong growth in filings for a third successive year,while the EPO recorded a second straight year of growth.Filings in China grew by 2.1%in 2022,following an increase of 5.9%in 2021 and 6.9%in 2020.The EPO receiv
44、ed 2.6%more applications in 2022,compared to a 4.7%growth in 2021.The USPTO(+0.5%)returned to modest growth in 2022 following a decline in the previous two years.Japans filing level for 2022 is similar to the year before(+0.1%).However,after having experienced four successive years of growth,the Rep
45、ublic of Koreas filings dropped by 0.2%drop in 2022.A majority of top 20 offices 13 out of 20 received a greater number of patent applications in 2022 than in 2021(figure A8).Among the biggest increases were those at the offices of South 1 Patent applications data refer to invention patents and do n
46、ot include utility model(UM)applications.UM applications data are reported separately(see figures A5355).In the United States of America,invention patents are referred to as“utility patents,”which should not be confused with utility models.Patent highlights 11Africa(+27.6%),India(+25.2%)and Indonesi
47、a(+13.3%)each office reporting double-digit growth.In the cases of Indonesia and South Africa,this marked a second consecutive year of growth,with an increase in non-resident filings driving the overall growth for 2022.India,on the other hand,experienced a sixth straight year of growth,2022s 25.2%in
48、crease being the sharpest since 2005.A substantial increase in resident filings was the main driver of growth overall in 2022.Seven top 20 offices received fewer applications in 2022 than in 2021,with Italy experiencing a decline of 16.8%,and the Russian Federation(13.1%)and China,Hong Kong SAR(8.1%
49、)also reporting significant drops.Australia(0.4%),France(0.1%),Germany(2.3%)and the Republic of Korea(0.2%)observed a modest decrease in applications in 2022.Looking beyond the top 20 offices to selected offices of low-and middle-income countries shows that the offices of the Islamic Republic of Ira
50、n(8,681),Thailand(8,607),Trkiye(9,119)and Viet Nam(8,707)each received over 8,000 applications in 2022(figure A9).Algeria(+31.7%)and Colombia(+32.6%)reported the fastest growth in 2022,with a substantial increase in resident filings the main driver of overall growth at both offices.A majority of the
51、 selected low-and middle-income country offices reported in figure A10 received more applications in 2022 than in 2021.Non-resident filings were the primary contributor to total growth at all these offices,apart from Algeria,Colombia,the Syrian Arab Republic and Trkiye.Among the three regional offic
52、es,the African Regional Intellectual Property Organization(ARIPO)saw growth of 4.8%and the Eurasian Patent Organization(EAPO)a growth of 2.4%in filings,whereas the African Intellectual Property Organization(OAPI)received 10.3%fewer applications in 2022 compared to a year earlier.In 2022,offices loca
53、ted in Asia received around 68%of patent applications filed globally,marking an increase of 11.9 percentage points on their share a decade earlier in 2012.Offices located in Asia received approximately 2.35 million applications in 2022,constituting 67.9%of the world total(figure 1.3).This is to be e
54、xpected considering that three of the top five offices to have received the most patent applications in 2022 are located in Asia.Over the course of a decade,Asias share of total applications filed globally has surged from 56.1%in 2012 to 67.9%in 2022.This has been mostly due to robust filing growth
55、in China,which contributed 68.9%of all applications filed within the Asian region during 2022.Both Europe and North America have seen a significant decline in their shares over the past decade.North Americas share has decreased from 24.5%in 2012 to 18.3%in 2022,while Europes has fallen by 4.4 percen
56、tage points down to 10.3%over the same period.The combined share for Africa,Latin America and the Caribbean(LAC)and Oceania stood at 3.5%in 2022,1.2 percentage points lower than in 2012.World Intellectual Property Indicators 202312 Offices located in Asia received around 68%of patent applications fi
57、led worldwide in 20221.3.Patent applications by region,2012 and 202256.1%Asia24.5%North America14.7%Europe2.7%LAC1.4%Oceania0.6%Africa2012 67.9%Asia18.3%North America10.3%Europe1.6%LAC1.1%Oceania0.7%Africa2022Source:Table A5.Patent filings since 1883From 1883 to 1963,the patent office of the United
58、States of America(US)was the worlds leading office for patent filings.Application numbers in Japan and the US remained stable until the early 1970s,at which time Japan began to undergo rapid growth a pattern later observed for the US from the 1980s onward.Among the top five offices,Japan surpassed t
59、he US in 1968 and retained top position until 2005.Since the early 2000s,however,the number of applications filed in Japan has followed a downward trend.China surpassed the EPO and the Republic of Korea in 2005,Japan in 2010 and the US in 2011,and now receives the most applications worldwide.There h
60、as been a gradual upward trend in the top five offices combined share of the world total climbing from 79.6%in 2012 to 84.9%in 2022.Trend in patent applications for the top five offices,18832022 200,000400,000600,000800,0001,000,0001,200,0001,400,0001,600,000Applications1883 189019001910192019301940
61、19501960197019801990200020102022Application yearChinaUSJapanRepublic of KoreaEPOSource:Figure A6.Patent highlights 13US applicants accounted for the largest proportion of total non-resident filings made at 14 of the top 20 officesApplications received by offices from resident and non-resident applic
62、ants are referred to as office data,whereas applications filed by applicants at a national or regional office(resident applications)or at a foreign office(applications abroad)are referred to as origin data.Patent statistics based on the origin of residence of the first named applicant are reported i
63、n order to complement the picture of patent activity worldwide.Data by origin can be calculated based on either absolute count(an application filed at a regional office is counted once)or equivalent count(an application filed at a regional office is counted multiple times).In terms of absolute count
64、,applicants from China filed around 1.58 million patent applications worldwide in 2022(resident plus abroad filings).China was followed by the United States of America(US)(505,539),Japan(405,361),the Republic of Korea(272,315)and Germany(155,896)(figure A17).China(+3.1%),the Republic of Korea(+1.9%)
65、and the US(+1.1%)filed more applications in 2022 than in 2021.In contrast,Germany(4.8%)and Japan(1.6%)filed fewer applications in 2022.In terms of equivalent count,applicants from China filed around 1.59 million equivalent patent applications worldwide in 2022(resident plus abroad filings).China was
66、 followed by the US(515,281),Japan(406,374),the Republic of Korea(272,675)and Germany(157,652)(figure A18).The composition of the top five origins is identical for both absolute and equivalent counts.However,the distribution of resident and abroad filings differs considerably between these five offi
67、ces.China had by far the lowest share of applications filed abroad,accounting for only 7.7%.In contrast,filings abroad constituted a significant proportion of total applications originating from Germany(60.7%),Japan(46.2%)and the US(51%).Among top 20 origins,Canada(82.1%),Israel(91.2%)and Switzerlan
68、d(80.1%)had the largest proportion of total applications filed abroad.Every top 20 origin presented in figures A17 and A18 is a high-income country,with the exception of China,India and the Russian Federation.Additionally,a majority of the top 20 origins are European countries.Brazil(6,984)which has
69、 a similar level of filings to Ireland is the highest ranked origin for the LAC region,while South Africa(2,619)is the top ranked origin for Africa.Focusing on abroad filings shows US-based applicants filed the most equivalent applications abroad(262,965)in 2022,followed by Japan(187,561),China(121,
70、734),Germany(95,768)and the Republic of Korea(88,927)(figure 1.4).In terms of growth,China(+8.7%),the Republic of Korea(+9.4%)and the US(+6.2%)reported an increase in abroad filings in 2022 compared to 2021,whereas Germany(4.3%)and Japan(1.5%)filed fewer such applications over the same period.France
71、(42,145),Switzerland(41,202),the United Kingdom(UK)(37,744),the Kingdom of the Netherlands(24,078)and Sweden(21,344)round out the top 10 rankings for abroad filings.In 2022,US residents filed over a quarter of a million patent applications abroad1.4.Patent applications filed abroad by the top 10 ori
72、gins,202250,000100,000150,000200,000250,000Applications filed abroadUSJapanChinaGermanyRepublic of KoreaFranceSwitzerlandUKNetherlands(Kingdom of the)SwedenOriginSource:Figure A18.World Intellectual Property Indicators 202314 Analysis of the flow of non-resident applications between origins and offi
73、ces shows that US applicants accounted for the largest proportion of non-resident filings in 14 of the 20 offices presented in table A19.The proportions ranged from 54.2%at the IP office of Israel to 15.6%at the IP office of Italy.Applicants resident in Japan held the largest non-resident share in f
74、our of the 20 offices namely,China(29.3%),Germany(31.7%),Indonesia(24.5%)and the US(22%).German applicants accounted for 20.6%of all non-resident applications filed in France,while China accounted for 46.7%in South Africa.Equivalent application countApplications at regional IP offices are equivalent
75、 to multiple applications in countries that are members of the organizations establishing those offices.More particularly,in order to calculate the number of equivalent applications for the African Intellectual Property Organization(OAPI),the Eurasian Patent Organization(EAPO)and the Patent Office o
76、f the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf(GCC Patent Office),each application needs to be multiplied by the corresponding number of member states.For African Regional Intellectual Property Organization(ARIPO)and the European Patent Office(EPO)data,each application is counted as one a
77、pplication abroad,if the applicant does not reside in a member state,or as one resident application and one application abroad,if the applicant is resident in a member state.The equivalent application concept is used when reporting data by origin.Republic of Korea residents filed the most patents pe
78、r GDP and per population in 2022Variations in patenting activity across countries reflects differences in the size and structure of economies.It is therefore informative to examine resident patent activity with regard to variables such as population,research and development(R&D)spending,and gross do
79、mestic product(GDP).With 7,828 resident patent applications per unit of USD 100 billion GDP,the Republic of Korea continued to be the country filing the most patent applications in 2022(figure 1.5).Its patent-to-GDP ratio is far above that of second placed China(5,702).Japan(4,200)had the third high
80、est patent-to-GDP ratio,followed by Switzerland(1,645)and Germany(1,374).These five origins have been the top ranking countries since 2018,when the US dropped out of the top five.Finland(1,270),Sweden(1,190),the US(1,170),Denmark(1,054)and the Kingdom of the Netherlands(835)round out the top 10 orig
81、ins.Among top origins,China has seen a considerable improvement in its resident patent applications-to-GDP ratio,which have increased from 3,812 in 2012 to 5,702 in 2022.Several countries with a relatively low resident patent application count,including Denmark,Iceland,Luxembourg and Norway,rank amo
82、ng the top 20 origins when resident patent applications are adjusted according to GDP(figure A37).The list of top 20 origins predominantly comprises high-income countries;however,three middle-income countries China,the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Russian Federation also feature.Origins with a h
83、igh GDP per capita(figure A39)or significant R&D expenditure per capita(figure A40)exhibit correspondingly high levels of resident patent filings per capita.Patent highlights 15Chinas resident patent applications per GDP ratio has increased substantially over the past decade1.5.Resident patent appli
84、cations per USD 100 billion GDP for the top 10 origins,2012 and 202202,0004,0006,0008,00010,000Resident applicationsRepublic of KoreaChinaJapanSwitzerlandGermanyFinlandSwedenUSDenmarkNetherlands(Kingdom of the)Origin20122022Source:Figure A37.The profile of resident applications per million populatio
85、n is similar to that adjusted for GDP,but there are subtle differences.The composition of the top 10 origins for resident applications according to GDP and by population is identical,except for slight changes in rank for a few origins.For example,China ranks fourth according to the patent-to-populat
86、ion measure,but occupies second position for patent-to-GDP ratio.The Republic of Korea(3,559)maintains its lead when resident applications are expressed according to population,followed by Japan(1,749)and Switzerland(1,168),ahead of China(1,037)and the US(757)(figure A38).Patent filings for unique i
87、nventions grew by 8.4%in 2020Patent rights are territorial in nature.In order to protect inventions in several countries,applicants often file patent applications for the same invention in multiple jurisdictions.This being the case,adding patent data from different jurisdictions would inflate the nu
88、mber of new inventions.Patent family data are therefore frequently used in order to eliminate(or at least minimize)double counting.The basic idea behind a patent family is to group together all applications original and subsequent filings related to each other via priority filing(s).WIPO has develop
89、ed indicators for patent families with the aim of capturing the actual number of unique inventions by excluding double counting as far as possible.The drawback of such data is the consequent time lag which can be up to three years.Patent families worldwide rebounded with 8.4%growth in 2020,following
90、 a 7.2%decline the previous year(figure A23).The total number of patent families worldwide amounted to 2.14 million in 2020,double that recorded a decade earlier in 2010(1 million)(figure 1.6).Applicants from China accounted for more than two-thirds of all patent families(65.2%),followed by Japan(9.
91、1%),the US(8.4%)and the Republic of Korea(7.2%).However,the US(198,947)and Japan(155,059)created by far the most foreign-oriented patent families for the period 20182019(figure A26),which was significantly more than China(81,145),Germany(60,702)or the Republic of Korea(60,503).World Intellectual Pro
92、perty Indicators 202316 Patent filings for unique inventions reached 2.14 million in 20201.6.Patent applications and patent families worldwide,200620220500,0001,000,0001,500,0002,000,0002,500,0003,000,0003,500,000Applications/Patent families2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
93、 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022Application yearApplicationsPatent familiesSources:Figures A1 and A23.The size of a patent family(indicating the number of offices at which a patent is filed)reflects its geographical coverage.Around 85.5%of patent families created worldwide between 2018 and 2020 were filed
94、at a single office(figure A24).This high percentage is mainly attributable to the filing behavior of Chinese applicants,who mostly filed applications at a single office 96.9%of patent families from China are single-office families.However,there is a considerable variation among top origins.For examp
95、le,over half of all patent families originating from France,Italy,the Kingdom of the Netherlands,Sweden and Switzerland covered two or more offices.In contrast,less than 5%of patent families originating from China and the Russian Federation were filed at more than one office.Origins whose patent fam
96、ilies had the widest geographical coverage were Australia(11%),the Kingdom of the Netherlands(11.8%)and Switzerland(18.1%),where more than 10%of patent families covered more than five offices.Patent familiesA patent family is a set of interrelated patent applications filed at one or more offices to
97、protect the same invention.Patent applications in a family are interlinked by one or more of the following:priority claim,Patent Cooperation Treaty(PCT)national phase entry,continuation,continuation-in-part,internal priority,and addition or division.A special subset comprises foreign-oriented patent
98、 families that is,those patent families that have at least one filing office different from the office of the applicants country of origin.Some foreign-related patent families include only one filing office.This is because applicants may choose to file only at a foreign office.For example,if a Canad
99、ian applicant files a patent application directly with the United States Patent and Trademark Office(USPTO)without having previously filed with the patent office of Canada,that patent family will constitute a foreign-oriented patent family with just one office.In 2021,computer technology was the mos
100、t frequently featured technology in published patent applications worldwide,comprising 11.1%of the global totalIn 2021 the latest year for which complete data are available owing to the delay between application and publication computer technology emerged as the most frequently featured technology i
101、n published patent applications worldwide,accounting for 11.1%of the world total(table A29).It was followed by electrical machinery(6.4%),measurement(5.8%),medical technology(5.2%)and digital communication(4.9%)These five fields have occupied the top five spots in the ranking since 2012,albeit in va
102、rying order.Together,these five fields represented 33.4%of all published applications globally in 2021,5.3 percentage points higher than their global share a decade earlier in 2011.Patent highlights 17Among the top 15 fields of technology,chemical engineering(+11.4%),computer technology(+11%)and IT
103、methods for management(+13.7%)are the three fields to have witnessed double-digit growth between 2011 and 2021.In contrast,audio-visual(+3.2%),pharmaceuticals(+3.2%)and semiconductors(+2.3%)demonstrated the slowest growth rates over the same period.Among the top 10 origins during the period from 201
104、9 to 2021,China(12.1%of all published applications),the Republic of Korea(8.9%),the UK(8.6%)and the US(12.9%)filed most heavily in computer technology(figure A30).Japan(9.9%)filed mostly in electrical machinery;France(11.3%)and Germany(11.7%)in transport;the Kingdom of the Netherlands(13.2%),the Rus
105、sian Federation(8.8%)and Switzerland(9.8%)in medical technology.Among large middle-income countries during the same period,applicants residing in Brazil(8.4%of total published applications)and Malaysia(7.4%)filed most heavily in other special machines;India in computer technology(9.6%);Mexico(12.1%)
106、in pharmaceuticals;and Trkiye(7.5%)in medical technology.The number of published patent applications related to energy technologies solar,fuel cell,wind,geothermal and hydro energy increased from around 29,800 in 2006 to around 46,300 in 2021(figure A31).Solar energy constituted half(50.9%)of all en
107、ergy-related applications in 2021,followed by wind energy(19.1%),hydro energy(16.4%),fuel cell technology(12.2%)and geothermal energy(1.4%).China had the largest share of the world total in four of these five fields(figure A32),with fuel cell technology being the one exception for which Japan has th
108、e largest share of the global total.Chinas patent office granted 14.7%more patents in 2022 than in 2021,marking a third consecutive year of double-digit growthOffices carry out a formal and substantive examination before deciding whether to issue a patent.The procedure for granting a patent varies b
109、etween offices.Differences in the numbers of patents granted among offices depend on factors such as examination capacity and procedural delays.For this reason,application data for a given year should not be compared with grant data from the same year.In 2022,an estimated 1.8 million patents were gr
110、anted worldwide,up 3.9%on 2021(figure 1.7).China(798,347)issued the highest number of patents in 2022,followed by the US(323,410),Japan(201,420),the Republic of Korea(135,180)and the EPO(81,086)(figure A13).The ranking of the top five offices has remained unaltered since 2020.Seven of the top 10 off
111、ices granted fewer patents in 2022 compared to 2021(figure A14).Brazil(12.4%),Canada(20.1%)and the EPO(25.5%)issued considerably fewer patents in 2022 than in 2021,primarily due to a decline in both resident and non-resident grants across offices.The EPO experienced a third consecutive year of grant
112、 decline,grants decreasing from 137,782 in 2019 to 81,086 in 2022.China(+14.7%),Germany(+11.7%)and Japan(+9.2%)are the three offices within the top 10 to have granted more patents in 2022 than in 2021.Both Germany and Japan reported a second successive year of growth,while China recorded its third c
113、onsecutive year of double-digit growth.A marked increase in patents granted to resident applicants drove overall growth in China and Japan.In Germanys case,both resident and non-resident grants contributed to total growth.Looking beyond the top 10 offices,the offices of Indonesia(+45.5%),the Kingdom
114、 of the Netherlands(+24.3%),Saudi Arabia(+53.7%)and South Africa(+84.5%)recorded substantial growth in 2022,primarily attributable to a strong rise in non-resident grants.World Intellectual Property Indicators 202318 Patents granted worldwide grew by 3.9%in 2022,reaching a total of 1.8 million1.7.Pa
115、tent grants worldwide,200820220400,000600,000800,0001,000,0001,200,0001,400,0001,600,0001,800,000Grants200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022Grant yearSource:Figure A3.Asias share of worldwide patent grants stood at 67.3%in 2022,marking a significant increase of 10.3 percentage
116、 points above its global share a decade earlier in 2011.This reflects the fact that three of the top five patent issuing authorities China,Japan and the Republic of Korea are located within the region,with China alone accounting for 43.8%of the world total.Offices located in North America accounted
117、18.7%of patent grants worldwide in 2022,while those in Europe contributed 9.8%to the global total(table A11).The combined share for Africa,LAC,and Oceania amounted to 4.2%.The distribution of patent applications(table A5)and patent grants(table A11)for all six regions exhibit a similar order of magn
118、itude.In 2022,the highest number of patents in force was in China accounting for approximately a quarter of the world totalPatent rights generally last for up to 20 years from the date an application is filed.An estimated 17.3 million patents were in force across 137 jurisdictions in 2022.This repre
119、sents a 4.1%increase on 2021,a growth rate similar to that of the previous year.In 2022,the highest number of patents in force was in China(4.2 million),followed by the US(3.3 million),Japan(2 million),the Republic of Korea(1.2 million)and Germany(917,232)(figure 1.8).Among the top five jurisdiction
120、s,China saw the fastest growth in patents in force in 2022(+17.1%),closely matching the rate recorded in 2021(+17.6%).Germany(+4.5%)and the Republic of Korea(+5.3%)also saw strong growth in 2022.Both Japan(+0.4%)and the US(+0.5%)reported more modest increases.Over the past decade,China has recorded
121、an average annual growth rate of 17%compared to Japans 1.8%and the USs 4%.Beyond the top five offices,Brazil(+25%),India(+16%)and South Africa(+8%)reported notable growth in 2022.Patent highlights 19Patents in force in China increased by 17.1%to reach a total of 4.2 million in 20221.8.Patents in for
122、ce at the top 10 offices,202201,000,0002,000,0003,000,0004,000,000Patents in forceChinaUSJapanRepublic of KoreaGermanyFranceUKItalyRussian FederationSwitzerlandOfficeResidentNon-residentSource:Figure A42.The source of the patents in force within the top five jurisdictions differs considerably(figure
123、 A42).More than half of all patents in force in Germany(73.8%)and the US(52.6%)originated from non-resident applicants,whereas non-resident applicants accounted for a smaller proportion of patents in force in Japan(19.3%),China(20.4%)and the Republic of Korea(23.4%).This trend is somewhat to be expe
124、cted due to the high share of resident patent grants at the latter three offices(figure A13).Among top 20 offices,non-resident patent holders contributed the bulk of all patents in force at the offices of Luxembourg(99%),Mexico(95.7%),Australia(93.2%)and the UK(92%).A holder must pay a maintenance/r
125、enewal fee in order for a patent to remain valid,and may opt to let a patent lapse before the end of its full term.Among the 87 offices that provided in-force data categorized by year of filing,approximately 39.3%of granted patents remained in force for at least 9 years after the filing date.Additio
126、nally,about 17.8%of patents lasted the full 20-year term(figure A44).Although patents can be maintained for up to 20 years,the average age of patents varies across offices.Among the selected 20 offices reported in figure A45,the average age of patents in force in 2022 ranged from 11.6 years in Brazi
127、l down to 6.8 years in Monaco.Patents in force in India(11.4 years),Germany(11 years)and Mexico(11 years)shared a similarly high average age with those in Brazil.When comparing the average age of patents for the 20 offices reported in 2022 compared to 2017,an overall similarity is observed,except fo
128、r the offices of Brazil and India,both of which saw a decrease in the average age during this period.Trkiye and the US granted patents for under half of applications processed in 2022A patent office examines applications and decides whether to grant patent rights.Examination processes differ across
129、offices,which makes cross-country comparisons difficult.Every effort has,however,been made to compile examination outcome data based on common definitions and concepts.In 2022,87 IP offices shared data on patent examination outcomes granted,rejected or withdrawn with WIPO.Among 10 selected offices,T
130、rkiye and the US granted patents for under half of all applications processed in 2022(figure 1.9).2 In contrast,more than three-quarters of applications processed in 2022 resulted in grants at the offices of Australia(78.4%),Japan(75.2%)and the Republic of Korea(72.8%).Rejected applications as a sha
131、re of the total were highest at the IP offices of China(37.4%)and the US(46.2%).In terms of absolute numbers,China rejected more than 2 Patents granted out of total processed applications data presented should not be interpreted as the“grant rate.”World Intellectual Property Indicators 202320 553,00
132、0 applications,while the US rejected around 350,000 applications.The proportion of withdrawn or abandoned applications was greatest in Canada(30.6%),India(30.1%)and Trkiye(52%).In terms of absolute numbers,the IP offices of China and the US reported in excess of 129,000 and 85,000 applications as ei
133、ther withdrawn or abandoned,respectively.China rejected more than 553,000 patent applications in 20221.9.Distribution of patent examination outcomes for selected offices,20220255075100Distribution of applicationsprocessed(%)AustraliaBrazilCanadaChinaGermanyIndiaJapanRepublic of KoreaTrkiyeUSOfficeGr
134、antedRejectedWithdrawn/abandonedSource:Figure A46.The stock of pending applications at Chinas patent office nearly doubled,growing from around 1.3 million in 2021 to approximately 2.6 million in 2022Patent offices must assess whether the claims presented in applications meet the standards of novelty
135、,non-obviousness and industrial applicability defined in national laws.Processing patents therefore consumes time and resources.The estimated total number of potential applications pending worldwide rose to 6.9 million in 2022,marking a 24.9%increase on the previous year.This estimate is based on da
136、ta collected from 108 offices.The growth in the stock of pending applications globally is primarily attributable to substantial increases at the offices of China,the EPO and the US.In 2022,Chinas pending applications surged to approximately 2.6 million,a notable increase on the 1.3 million recorded
137、in 2021(figure A47).Following China,the IP office of the US had 1.1 million pending applications,followed by Japan(794,344),the EPO(633,550)and Germany(370,656).Among the top 20 offices,Australia(+10.4%),China(+94.2%),India(+11%),Malaysia(+16%),New Zealand(+13.9%)and Singapore(+22%)saw a double-digi
138、t growth in the stock of applications pending between 2021 and 2022.Conversely,Brazil(10.9%),Japan(6.8%),the Russian Federation(5.7%)and the UK(5.6%)all managed to considerably reduce the stock of applications pending over the same period.Both Brazil and Japan have reported a year-on-year decrease i
139、n their stock of applications pending since 2018.Where offices have a large proportion of applications pending a request for examination,the scope to reduce the stock of applications pending is somewhat limited,as an office is unable to start the substantial examination process until an applicant ha
140、s filed a request for examination.Applications pendingApplications pending is defined as all patent applications,at any stage in the process,awaiting a final decision by a patent office,including those applications for which applicants have not filed a request for examination(where applicable).Paten
141、t highlights 21Women inventors accounted for no more than 17.1%of all inventors listed in published PCT applications in 2022In 2022,women constituted 17.1%of all inventors listed in published PCT applications,while men accounted for the remaining 82.9%(figure A33).The proportion of women inventors h
142、as increased notably from 10.6%in 2008 to 17.1%in 2022.Moreover,the proportion of women inventors has expanded in every region of the world over the past decade.About 34.7%of published PCT applications named at least one woman as inventor in 2022,and 95.8%featured at least one man as inventor(figure
143、 A34).The share of published PCT applications with at least one woman as inventor has risen from 20.6%in 2008 to 34.7%in 2022,whereas the share of those with at least one man as inventor has decreased over the same period,from 97.6%down to 95.8%.The gender gap among PCT inventors varies considerably
144、 between countries.Of the top 20 origins of published PCT applications,China and Trkiye had the largest proportion of women inventors in 2022(figure A35).They were the only two origins within the top 20 with nearly one-quarter of women as inventors.In contrast,for Austria and Japan only around one-1
145、0th of inventors in published PCT applications were women.Fields of technology related to the life sciences had comparatively high shares of published PCT applications with women as inventors in 2022.Women represented around 30%of inventors listed in published PCT applications in the fields of biote
146、chnology(30.2%),food chemistry(30.1%)and pharmaceuticals(29.1%)(figure A36).The share of published PCT applications with women inventors was higher in 29 of the 35 fields of technology in 2022 compared to 2021.Utility model applications worldwide increased by 2.9%in 2022,rebounding from a 2.5%declin
147、e the previous yearA utility model(UM)is a special form of patent right granted by a state or jurisdiction to an inventor or the inventors assignee for a fixed time period.The terms and conditions for granting a UM differ slightly from those for normal patents,including a shorter term of protection
148、and less stringent eligibility requirements.After experiencing a 2.5%decrease in 2021,filing activity for UMs rebounded in 2022,with a growth rate of 2.9%resulting in a total of 3 million applications(figure A53).Resident applications constituted 99.5%of total filings,with non-resident applications
149、making up the remaining 0.5%.China received 98%of the global total,while the other 82 offices combined accounted for the remaining 2%of UM patent filing.The IP office of China received 2.95 million applications in 2002,followed by Germany(9,469),the Russian Federation(8,521),Trkiye(5,558)and Japan(4
150、,513)(figure A54).Among the top 10 offices,Indonesia(+25.8%)and Trkiye(+23.8%)were the only two to record double-digit growth in 2002.Both offices also reported double-digit growth the previous year.Looking at the filing trend over the past decade,Germany,Japan,the Republic of Korea,the Russian Fede
151、ration and Ukraine underwent a decline in UM filings between 2012 and 2022.For example,applications at the office of the Republic of Korea decreased from 12,424 in 2012 to 3,084 in 2022(75.2%),while applications filed at the office of Japan declined from 8,112 to 4,513(44.4%)over the same period.In
152、contrast,China has seen an enormous growth in UM patent filings over the same period applications having increased from 740,290 in 2012 to 2.95 million by 2022.Indonesia,Thailand and Trkiye have also seen an upward trend in UM filing over the same period.22 Patent statisticsPatent applications and g
153、rants worldwide 24A1.Trend in patent applications worldwide,20082022 24A2.Resident and non-resident patent applications worldwide,20082022 24A3.Trend in patent grants worldwide,20082022 25A4.Resident and non-resident patent grants worldwide,20082022 25Patent applications and grants by office 25A5.Pa
154、tent applications by region,2012 and 2022 25A6.Trend in patent applications for the top five offices,18832022 26A7.Patent applications at the top 20 offices,2022 26A8.Contribution of resident and non-resident applications to total growth for the top 20 offices,20212022 26A9.Patent applications at of
155、fices of selected low-and middle-income countries,2022 27A10.Contribution of resident and non-resident applications to total growth for offices of selected low-and middle-income countries,20212022 27A11.Patent grants by region,2012 and 2022 27A12.Trend in patent grants for the top five offices,18832
156、022 28A13.Patent grants for the top 20 offices,2022 28A14.Contribution of resident and non-resident grants to total growth for the top 20 offices,20212022 28A15.Patent grants for offices of selected low-and middle-income countries,2022 29A16.Contribution of resident and non-resident grants to total
157、growth for offices of selected low-and middle-income countries,20212022 29Patent applications and grants by origin 30A17.Patent applications for the top 20 origins,2022 30A18.Equivalent patent applications for the top 20 origins,2022 30A19.Patent applications for the top 20 offices and origins,2022
158、31A20.Flows of non-resident patent applications between the top five origins and the top 10 offices,2022 32A21.Patent grants for the top 20 origins,2022 33A22.Equivalent patent grants for the top 20 origins,2022 33Patent families 34A23.Trend in patent families worldwide,20062020 34A24.Distribution o
159、f patent families by number of offices for the top origins,20182020 34A25.Trend in foreign-oriented patent families worldwide,20062019 35A26.Foreign-oriented patent families for the top 20 origins,20182019 35A27.Distribution of technology fields for selected applicants based on patent families,20182
160、020 36A28.Distribution of technology fields for selected universities and PROs based on patent families,20182020 37Published patent applications by field of technology 38A29.Published patent applications worldwide by field of technology,2011,2016 and 2021 38A30.Distribution of published patent appli
161、cations by technology field for the top 10 origins,20192021 39A31.Trend in patent applications in energy-related technologies,20062021 40A32.Share of patent applications in energy-related technologies for the top five origins,20192021 41Patent statistics 23Participation of women inventors in publish
162、ed PCT applications 42A33.Share of women among listed inventors in PCT applications,20082022 42A34.Share of PCT applications with at least one woman as inventor and with at least one man as inventor,20082022 42A35.Share of women among listed inventors and share of PCT applications with at least one
163、woman as inventor for the top 20 origins,2022 43A36.Share of PCT patent applications with women inventors by field of technology,2022 43Patent applications in relation to GDP and population 44A37.Resident patent applications per USD 100 billion GDP for the top 20 origins,2012 and 2022 44A38.Resident
164、 patent applications per million population for the top 20 origins,2012 and 2022 44A39.Resident patent applications per capita and GDP per capita,20182022 44A40.Resident patent applications per capita and R&D expenditure per capita,20182022 45Patents in force 45A41.Trend in patents in force worldwid
165、e,20082022 45A42.Patents in force at the top 20 offices,2022 45A43.Flow of patents in force between selected origins and offices,2022 46A44.Patents in force in 2022 as a percentage of total applications 47A45.Average age of patents in force at selected offices,2017 and 2022 47Patent office procedura
166、l data 48A46.Distribution of patent examination outcomes for selected offices,2022 48A47.Potentially pending applications at the top 20 offices,2022 48A48.Average pendency times for first office action and final decision at selected offices,2022 49A49.Number of patent examiners for selected offices,
167、2022 49A50.Average years of experience of patent examiners for selected offices,2022 49Patent prosecution highway(PPH)50A51.PPH requests by office of first filing and offices of later examination,2022 50A52.Flows of PPH requests between offices of first filing and offices of later examination,2022 5
168、1Utility model applications 52A53.Trend in utility model applications worldwide,20082022 52A54.Utility model applications for the top 20 offices,2022 52A55.Utility model applications for offices of selected low-and middle-income countries,2022 52Microorganisms 53A56.Trend in microorganism deposits w
169、orldwide,20082022 53A57.Deposits at the top international depositary authorities,2022 53Statistical tables 54A58.Patent applications by office and origin,2022 54A59.Patent grants by office and origin,and patents in force,2022 57A60.Patent office procedural data,2022 60A61.Utility model applications
170、and grants by office and origin,2022 62World Intellectual Property Indicators 202324 Patent applications and grants worldwideA1.Trend in patent applications worldwide,200820222.93.87.68.19.28.84.57.78.25.23.01.53.61.71,500,0002,000,0002,500,0003,000,0003,500,000Applications20082009201020112012201320
171、1420152016201720182019202020212022Application yearApplicationsGrowth rate(%)Note:World totals are WIPO estimates using data covering 162 patent offices.These totals include applications filed directly with national and regional offices and applications entering offices through the Patent Cooperation
172、 Treaty national phase(where applicable).Chinas pre-2017 data are not comparable owing to a change in methodology.Due to this break in the data series,and to the large number of filings in China,it is not possible to report an accurate 2017 growth rate at world level(see data description section in
173、Additional information for details).Source:WIPO Statistics Database,August 2023.A2.Resident and non-resident patent applications worldwide,20082022Non-resident share(%)39.838.238.136.735.533.432.931.629.129.028.430.729.629.930.3500,0001,000,0001,500,0002,000,0002,500,000Applications20082009201020112
174、0122013201420152016201720182019202020212022Application yearResidentNon-residentNote:World totals are WIPO estimates using data covering 162 patent offices.These totals include applications filed directly with national and regional offices and applications entering offices through the Patent Cooperat
175、ion Treaty national phase(where applicable).See glossary for definitions of resident and non-resident.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,August 2023.Patent statistics 25A3.Trend in patent grants worldwide,200820220.74.212.49.513.62.80.35.69.03.91.85.56.09.93.9600,000900,0001,200,0001,500,0001,800,000Gr
176、ants200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022Grant yearGrantsGrowth rate(%)Note:World totals are WIPO estimates using data covering 155 patent offices.These totals include patent grants based on applications filed directly with national and regional offices and patents granted by
177、offices on the basis of the Patent Cooperation Treaty national phase(where applicable).Source:WIPO Statistics Database,August 2023.A4.Resident and non-resident patent grants worldwide,20082022Non-resident share(%)40.440.239.539.238.838.339.739.038.638.238.339.037.335.532.8200,000400,000600,000800,00
178、01,000,0001,200,000Grants200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022Grant yearResidentNon-residentNote:World totals are WIPO estimates using data covering 155 patent offices.These totals include patent grants based on applications filed directly with national and regional offices an
179、d patents granted by offices on the basis of the Patent Cooperation Treaty national phase(where applicable).See glossary for definitions of resident and non-resident.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,August 2023.Patent applications and grants by officeA5.Patent applications by region,2012 and 2022Numb
180、er of applicationsResident share(%)Share of world total(%)Average growth(%)Region20122022201220222012202220122022Africa14,70024,30015.619.30.60.75.2Asia1,321,3002,349,20076.782.756.167.95.9Europe345,800355,10063.254.714.710.30.3Latin America and the Caribbean63,10057,00012.213.52.71.61North America5
181、78,100632,40047.340.624.518.30.9Oceania33,50039,40011.96.91.41.11.6World2,356,5003,457,40064.569.7100.0100.03.9Note:Totals by geographical region are WIPO estimates using data covering 162 offices.Each region includes the following number of offices:Africa(33),Asia(46),Europe(45),Latin America and t
182、he Caribbean(31),North America(2)and Oceania(5).Source:WIPO Statistics Database,August 2023.World Intellectual Property Indicators 202326 A6.Trend in patent applications for the top five offices,18832022 200,000400,000600,000800,0001,000,0001,200,0001,400,0001,600,000Applications1883 189019001910192
183、01930194019501960197019801990200020102022Application yearChinaUSJapanRepublic of KoreaEPONote:EPO is the European Patent Office.The top five offices were selected based on their 2022 totals.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,August 2023.A7.Patent applications at the top 20 offices,2022Non-resident shar
184、e(%)9.657.5 24.4 22.7 56.6 50.0 35.0 88.0 92.4 29.51,619,268594,340289,530237,633193,61077,06857,21338,05232,28426,924ChinaUSJapanRepublic ofKoreaEPOIndiaGermanyCanadaAustraliaRussianFederationApplicationsOfficeResidentNon-resident Non-resident share(%)82.2 97.9 42.6 94.19.788.3 88.2 84.8 84.58.524,
185、75920,16419,48516,60514,74614,65313,99010,0739,9679,221BrazilChina,Hong Kong SARUKMexicoFranceSingaporeSouth AfricaIsraelIndonesiaItalyApplicationsOfficeResidentNon-residentNote:EPO is the European Patent Office.In general,national offices of the EPO member states receive smaller volumes of applicat
186、ions,because applicants may apply via the EPO to seek protection within any EPO member state.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,August 2023.A8.Contribution of resident and non-resident applications to total growth for the top 20 offices,202120222.40.31.72.21.31.41.00.80.12.520.05.24.52.20.42.81.51.11.9
187、11.21.13.30.18.22.25.50.83.50.40.32.22.61.429.00.75.51.711.616.60.2Total growth rate(%)2.10.50.10.22.625.22.32.40.4 13.12.28.13.32.70.10.427.64.813.3 16.8Contribution to growthChinaUSJapanRepublic of KoreaEPOIndiaGermanyCanadaAustraliaRussian FederationBrazilChina,Hong Kong SARUKMexicoFranceSingapor
188、eSouth AfricaIsraelIndonesiaItalyOfficeContribution of resident applicationsContribution of non-resident applicationsNote:EPO is the European Patent Office.This figure shows the total growth or decrease in applications at each office,broken down by the respective contributions of resident and non-re
189、sident applications.For example,applications filed at the IP office of China grew by 2.1%.Growth in resident applications accounted for 2.4 percentage points of this increase,while non-resident applications decreased by 0.3 percentage points.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,August 2023.Patent statist
190、ics 27A9.Patent applications at offices of selected low-and middle-income countries,2022Non-resident share(%)3.189.74.891.0 88.9 88.8 82.7 87.6 63.6 91.69,1198,7078,6818,6077,3744,7653,7313,5763,0322,913TrkiyeViet NamIran(IslamicRepublic of)ThailandMalaysiaPhilippinesEAPOArgentinaColombiaMoroccoAppl
191、icationsOfficeResidentNon-resident Non-resident share(%)71.2 69.2 87.9 57.9 98.7 70.79.4.39.0 75.02,7601,9141,4491,118873549139884132UkraineEgyptPeruAlgeriaARIPOOAPISyrian ArabRepublicGambiaMozambiqueMadagascarApplicationsOfficeResidentNon-residentTotalNote:ARIPO is the African Regional Intellectual
192、 Property Organization,EAPO is the Eurasian Patent Organization and OAPI is the African Intellectual Property Organization.The selected offices are from different world regions.Where available,data for all offices are presented in table A58.indicates not available.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,Aug
193、ust 2023.A10.Contribution of resident and non-resident applications to total growth for offices of selected low-and middle-income countries,202120227.10.52.04.018.01.6 1.25.60.81.31.07.50.32.71.03.529.43.20.34.215.03.713.10.86.610.723.97.80.14.77.23.119.75.810.90.07.1 7.2Total growth rate(%)7.62.019
194、.64.42.18.52.42.532.63.918.7 13.9 17.331.74.810.3 13.93.3 10.9 14.3Contribution to growthTrkiyeViet NamIran(Islamic Republic of)ThailandMalaysiaPhilippinesEAPOArgentinaColombiaMoroccoUkraineEgyptPeruAlgeriaARIPOOAPISyrian Arab RepublicGambiaMozambiqueMadagascarOfficeContribution of resident applicat
195、ionsContribution of non-resident applicationsNote:ARIPO is the African Regional Intellectual Property Organization,EAPO is the Eurasian Patent Organization and OAPI is the African Intellectual Property Organization.The selected offices are from different world regions.This figure shows the total gro
196、wth or decrease in applications at each office,broken down by the respective contributions of resident and non-resident applications.For example,applications filed at the IP office of Trkiye grew by 7.6%.Growth in resident applications accounted for 7.1 percentage points of this increase,while non-r
197、esident applications increased by 0.5 percentage points.A resident versus non-resident breakdown is unavailable for Gambia.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,August 2023.A11.Patent grants by region,2012 and 2022Number of grantsResident share(%)Share of world total(%)Average growth(%)Region2012202220122
198、0222012202220122022Africa10,70016,20012.58.30.90.94.2Asia649,0001,226,70072.479.357.067.36.6Europe159,100178,70061.756.214.09.81.2Latin America and the Caribbean20,20041,5005.69.11.82.37.5North America275,000341,50044.942.124.218.72.2Oceania24,00018,6006.96.22.11.02.5World1,138,0001,823,20061.167.11
199、00.0100.04.8Note:Totals by geographical region are WIPO estimates using data covering 155 offices.Each region includes the following number of offices:Africa(31),Asia(43),Europe(45),Latin America and the Caribbean(29),North America(2)and Oceania(5).Source:WIPO Statistics Database,August 2023.World I
200、ntellectual Property Indicators 202328 A12.Trend in patent grants for the top five offices,18832022 100,000200,000300,000400,000500,000600,000700,000800,000Grants1883 18901900191019201930194019501960197019801990200020102022Grant yearChinaUSJapanRepublic of KoreaEPONote:EPO is the European Patent Off
201、ice.The top five offices were selected based on their 2022 totals.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,August 2023.A13.Patent grants for the top 20 offices,2022Non-resident share(%)12.9 56.1 23.0 26.6 54.8 74.5 41.0 89.4 34.3 89.1798,347323,410201,420135,18081,08630,49023,59223,54623,31518,125ChinaUSJapa
202、nRepublic ofKoreaEPOIndiaGermanyBrazilRussianFederationCanadaGrantsOfficeResidentNon-resident Non-resident share(%)93.6 13.4 98.3 95.4 53.7 84.5 94.8 10.1 87.0 81.316,40712,42111,60211,26710,5789,9709,6987,3485,9575,358AustraliaFranceChina,Hong Kong SARSouth AfricaUKIndonesiaMexicoItalyMalaysiaIsrae
203、lGrantsOfficeResidentNon-residentNote:EPO is the European Patent Office.The procedure for issuing patents varies between offices,and differences in the numbers of patents granted among offices depend on factors such as examination capacity and procedural delays.The examination process can take a lon
204、g time,therefore there is invariably a time lag between application and grant dates.For this reason,data on applications for a given year should not be compared with data on grants for the same year.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,August 2023.A14.Contribution of resident and non-resident grants to t
205、otal growth for the top 20 offices,2021202215.91.2 2.31.17.22.07.60.310.215.34.65.45.16.60.212.21.22.71.318.80.14.318.21.6 0.620.30.985.40.02.911.833.71.15.40.5 0.83.89.60.12.3Total growth rate(%)14.71.29.27.3 25.5 0.811.7 12.4 1.5 20.1 4.4 19.8 20.9 84.52.945.56.51.313.4 2.4Contribution to growthCh
206、inaUSJapanRepublic of KoreaEPOIndiaGermanyBrazilRussian FederationCanadaAustraliaFranceChina,Hong Kong SARSouth AfricaUKIndonesiaMexicoItalyMalaysiaIsraelOfficeContribution of resident grantsContribution of non-resident grantsNote:EPO is the European Patent Office.This figure shows the total growth
207、or decrease in grants at each office,broken down by the respective contributions of resident and non-resident grants.For example,the total number of patents granted by the IP office of Japan grew by 9.2%.Growth in resident grants accounted for 7.2 percentage points of this increase,while the remaini
208、ng 2.0 percentage points came from growth in non-resident grants.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,August 2023.Patent statistics 29A15.Patent grants for offices of selected low-and middle-income countries,2022Non-resident share(%)87.0 96.06.376.48.890.1 96.4 91.5 59.8 84.25,9573,8683,4492,7662,2502,21
209、32,0041,9491,5661,136MalaysiaViet NamTrkiyeEAPOIran(IslamicRepublic of)ThailandPhilippinesArgentinaUkraineColombiaGrantsOfficeResidentNon-resident Non-resident share(%).99.8 80.7 94.6 19.1 75.6 77.49.298.2.1,081640610588585579530655545NigeriaARIPOAlgeriaPeruKazakhstanMoroccoOAPISyrian ArabRepublicMa
210、dagascarGambiaGrantsOfficeResidentNon-residentTotalNote:ARIPO is the African Regional Intellectual Property Organization,EAPO is the Eurasian Patent Organization and OAPI is the African Intellectual Property Organization.The selected offices are from different world regions.Where available,data for
211、all offices are presented in table A59.indicates not available.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,August 2023.A16.Contribution of resident and non-resident grants to total growth for offices of selected low-and middle-income countries,202120223.89.60.04.83.11.36.87.721.73.61.327.41.536.85.010.215.7 16.
212、23.26.90.012.72.523.31.91.17.42.75.627.91.04.014.31.8Total growth rate(%)13.44.81.814.5 25.3 26.1 38.3 15.2 31.9 10.1 0.512.7 20.83.010.1 22.35.016.114.6 16.7Contribution to growthMalaysiaViet NamTrkiyeEAPOIran(Islamic Republic of)ThailandPhilippinesArgentinaUkraineColombiaNigeriaARIPOAlgeriaPeruKaz
213、akhstanMoroccoOAPISyrian Arab RepublicMadagascarGambiaOfficeContribution of resident grantsContribution of non-resident grantsNote:ARIPO is the African Regional Intellectual Property Organization,EAPO is the Eurasian Patent Organization and OAPI is the African Intellectual Property Organization.This
214、 figure shows the total growth or decrease in grants at each office,broken down by the respective contributions of resident and non-resident grants.For example,the total number of patents granted by the IP office of the Philippines grew by 38.3%.Growth in non-resident grants accounted for 36.8 perce
215、ntage point of this increase,while the remaining 1.5 percentage points came from growth in resident grants.A resident versus non-resident breakdown is unavailable for Gambia,Madagascar and Nigeria.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,August 2023.World Intellectual Property Indicators 202330 Patent applic
216、ations and grants by originA17.Patent applications for the top 20 origins,2022Growth rate(%)3.11.11.61.94.80.831.62.56.10.61,584,664505,539405,361272,315155,89665,27555,71853,53649,07732,053ChinaUSJapanRepublic ofKoreaGermanyFranceIndiaUKSwitzerlandNetherlands(Kingdom of the)ApplicationsOriginReside
217、ntAbroad(absolute count)Growth rate(%)5.61.33.5 3.7 0.41.82.12.50.86.431,33727,25625,06122,31617,12213,83313,47013,46912,59311,510ItalySwedenCanadaRussianFederationIsraelDenmarkBelgiumAustriaFinlandAustraliaApplicationsOriginResidentAbroad(absolute count)Note:Patent filing activity by origin include
218、s resident applications and applications filed abroad.The origin of a patent application is determined by the residence of the first named applicant.For an absolute count,applications filed at regional offices are counted once,rather than being considered equivalent to multiple applications in the r
219、espective member states.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,August 2023.A18.Equivalent patent applications for the top 20 origins,2022Growth rate(%)3.11.01.61.94.90.530.71.86.40.11,586,339515,281406,374272,675157,65266,44656,39654,62051,44532,738ChinaUSJapanRepublic ofKoreaGermanyFranceIndiaUKSwitzerlan
220、dNetherlands(Kingdom of the)ApplicationsOriginResidentAbroad(equivalent count)Growth rate(%)6.41.43.6 2.8 0.13.02.31.41.18.732,02128,18425,56225,18817,32714,52514,29013,65512,97211,707ItalySwedenCanadaRussianFederationIsraelDenmarkBelgiumAustriaFinlandAustraliaApplicationsOriginResidentAbroad(equiva
221、lent count)Note:Patent filing activity by origin includes resident applications and applications filed abroad.The origin of a patent application is determined by the residence of the first named applicant.Applications filed at regional offices are considered equivalent to multiple applications in th
222、e relevant member states.See glossary for the definition of equivalent application.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,August 2023.Patent statistics 31A19.Patent applications for the top 20 offices and origins,2022Office OriginAustraliaBrazil CanadaChinaChina,Hong Kong SAREPOFranceGermanyIndia Indonesia
223、Australia2,4651575156511591,0044927267Austria143224275996992,383986728446Belgium3002693757871902,6055310625754Canada7402864,5641,0843552,004910939849China2,1171,6141,784 1,464,6054,26119,0611537023,9141,396Denmark3222633441,1581512,66173834784Finland2302283799061742,139547544138France8168861,4814,96
224、938210,97913,3224281,175147Germany1,3331,5901,89015,21874324,68529337,1992,600341India19120816731742817541 38,551255Israel4132874331,2812071,73919736313Italy4035697011,8441944,8698510453067Japan1,5721,1191,25245,2591,13621,577786,3394,5832,059Netherlands(Kingdom of the)5245255653,2241946,79928130975
225、280Republic of Korea89044751818,26231810,381151,6362,817473Russian Federation2651591692219722110339Sweden4884945622,6701825,0424436080077Switzerland1,2481,2921,3674,4911,0829,0121458631,381303UK1,4887451,6012,7797085,693471521,130189US14,5127,74817,27243,0907,37548,1231696,850 14,3591,844Others2,063
226、5,7571,9485,5082,19011,8402721,1151,6852,046Total32,284 24,75938,052 1,619,26820,164193,61014,74657,213 77,0689,967Office OriginIsraelItalyJapanMexicoRepublic of KoreaRussian FederationSingaporeSouth AfricaUKUSAustralia701572109260421971411413,481Austria579446893431337260162,348Belgium10775642013111
227、1483123842,481Canada17467733245333614313117012,184China251649,8428346,3201,2321,5885,76286349,344Denmark9915101812927212398572,440Finland271463792326258992022,385France340582,5844541,6903903492457411,396Germany4531145,7001,0173,69769361747545227,693India50525914313475886156712,396Israel1,52779061674
228、078113785708,467Italy1648,440870278468249107105485,212Japan29456 218,81379613,8616051,77214152675,341Netherlands(Kingdom of the)22681,8524071,1283081481621814,388Republic of Korea10367,149336183,74853249813527641,485Russian Federation31165326218,97020479899Sweden105431,268285750891182321385,485Switz
229、erland5271083,4117741,6417215331904295,464UK411172,3905141,447441539272 11,18313,380US4,63612226,8747,66817,6831,5565,0862,6703,046252,316Others4211474,2191,9172,6265232,3772,2021,45355,755Total10,0739,221 289,53016,605237,63326,92414,65313,990 19,485594,340Note:EPO is the European Patent Office.Ori
230、gin data are based on absolute rather than equivalent counts.The top 20 offices and origins are selected based on available 2022 data,broken down by country of origin.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,August 2023.World Intellectual Property Indicators 202332 A20.Flows of non-resident patent applicatio
231、ns between the top five origins and the top 10 offices,2022Other originsGermanyRepublic ofKoreaChinaJapanUSOriginRussianFederationGermanyAustraliaCanadaIndiaRepublic ofKoreaJapanChinaEPOUSOfficeNote:EPO is the European Patent Office.Origin data are based on absolute rather than equivalent counts.Sou
232、rce:WIPO Statistics Database,August 2023.Patent statistics 33A21.Patent grants for the top 20 origins,2022Growth rate(%)19.01.27.4 6.8 10.314.6 8.3 9.5 7.3 10.1760,171280,522272,242147,48986,04040,91725,79723,07420,75617,942ChinaJapanUSRepublic ofKoreaGermanyFranceUKSwitzerlandItalyNetherlands(Kingd
233、om of the)GrantsOriginResidentAbroad(absolute count)Growth rate(%)3.215.5 11.1 6.63.5 6.0 7.4 9.3 12.6 3.617,66916,34615,36214,3038,5457,8176,9706,5415,8225,770RussianFederationIndiaSwedenCanadaIsraelAustriaBelgiumFinlandDenmarkAustraliaGrantsOriginResidentAbroad(absolute count)Note:For an absolute
234、count,patent grants issues by regional offices are counted once,rather than being considered equivalent to multiple grants in the respective member states.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,August 2023.A22.Equivalent patent grants for the top 20 origins,2022Growth rate(%)19.01.26.9 6.8 10.014.6 8.1 7.3
235、 6.66.6760,953281,597 277,988147,79087,65941,96226,69424,83321,64520,455ChinaJapanUSRepublic ofKoreaGermanyFranceUKSwitzerlandItalyRussianFederationGrantsOriginResidentAbroad(equivalent count)Growth rate(%)9.7 16.5 10.6 6.94.1 6.6 7.5 9.2 10.7 3.018,91217,03816,44914,5568,6668,1767,5686,8786,2026,16
236、6Netherlands(Kingdom of the)IndiaSwedenCanadaIsraelAustriaBelgiumFinlandDenmarkAustraliaGrantsOriginResidentAbroad(equivalent count)Note:Patent grants issued by regional offices are considered equivalent to multiple grants in the relevant member states.See glossary for the definition of equivalent g
237、rant.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,August 2023.World Intellectual Property Indicators 202334 Patent familiesA23.Trend in patent families worldwide,200620202.02.43.11.77.09.712.011.74.510.412.611.76.67.28.4600,0001,000,0001,400,0001,800,0002,200,000Patent families20062007200820092010201120122013201
238、4201520162017201820192020Application yearPatent familiesGrowth rate(%)Note:Applicants often file patent applications in multiple jurisdictions therefore some inventions are recorded more than once.To take this into account,WIPO has indicators related to patent families,defined as patent applications
239、 interlinked by one or more of the following:priority claim,Patent Cooperation Treaty national phase entry,continuation,continuation-in-part,internal priority,and addition or division.Patent families here include only those families associated with patent applications for inventions and exclude thos
240、e associated with utility model applications.Sources:WIPO Statistics Database and EPO PATSTAT database,August 2023.A24.Distribution of patent families by number of offices for the top origins,20182020Average number of offices in foreign-oriented families2.83.13.62.83.13.12.53.13.23.23.83.02.23.02.33
241、.53.53.33.83.20255075100Distribution ofnumber of officesChinaRussian FederationBrazilPolandTotalOthersTrkiyeRepublic of KoreaJapanUSUKGermanySingaporeAustraliaCanadaItalyFranceNetherlands(Kingdom of the)SwitzerlandSwedenOrigin1 Office2 Offices3 Offices4 Offices5 OfficesMore than 5 officesNote:A pate
242、nt family is defined as patent applications interlinked by one or more of the following:priority claim,Patent Cooperation Treaty national phase entry,continuation,continuation-in-part,internal priority,and addition or division.Patent families here include only those families associated with patent a
243、pplications for inventions and exclude those associated with utility model applications.Sources:WIPO Statistics Database and EPO PATSTAT database,August 2023.Patent statistics 35A25.Trend in foreign-oriented patent families worldwide,200620191.20.71.15.49.17.85.72.51.25.72.05.92.43.5200,000250,00030
244、0,000350,000400,000450,000Foreign-orientedpatent families20062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019Application yearForeign-oriented patent familiesGrowth rate(%)Note:A special subset of patent families comprises foreign-oriented patent families.This includes only patent families that h
245、ave at least one filing office different from the office of the applicants country of origin.Some foreign-oriented patent families include only one filing office,because applicants may choose to file directly with a foreign office.For example,if a Canadian applicant files a patent application direct
246、ly with the United States Patent and Trademark Office(USPTO)without having previously filed with the patent office of Canada,that application and any applications filed subsequently with the USPTO will form a foreign-oriented patent family.Sources:WIPO Statistics Database and EPO PATSTAT database,Au
247、gust 2023.A26.Foreign-oriented patent families for the top 20 origins,20182019Foreign-oriented share(%)34.6 26.23.136.4 17.6 39.7 36.6 47.1 47.8 47.0198,947155,05981,14560,70260,50321,74816,36114,57214,25412,071USJapanChinaGermanyRepublic ofKoreaFranceUKCanadaSwitzerlandNetherlands(Kingdom of the)Fo
248、reign-oriented familiesOrigin Foreign-oriented share(%)47.6 36.2 47.5 47.2 40.8 46.1 45.8 47.6 45.8 38.59,9979,9856,1095,9834,9064,6794,4404,0294,0003,605SwedenItalySingaporeIsraelAustraliaAustriaFinlandDenmarkBelgiumIndiaForeign-oriented familiesOriginNote:A special subset of patent families compri
249、ses foreign-oriented patent families.This includes only patent families that have at least one filing office different from the office of the applicants country of origin.Some foreign-oriented patent families include only one filing office,because applicants may choose to file directly with a foreig
250、n office.For example,if a Canadian applicant files a patent application directly with the United States Patent and Trademark Office(USPTO)without having previously filed with the patent office of Canada,that application and any applications filed subsequently with the USPTO will form a foreign-orien
251、ted patent family.Sources:WIPO Statistics Database and EPO PATSTAT database,August 2023.World Intellectual Property Indicators 202336 A27.Distribution of technology fields for selected applicants based on patent families,20182020Canon IncHuaweiTechnologiesToyota MotorCorpIBMSamsungElectronicsLG Elec
252、tronicsIncMitsubishiElectric CorpChina Petroleum&ChemicalsRobert BoschGmbHGree ElectricElectrical machinery,apparatus,energyAudio-visual technologyTelecommunicationsDigital communicationBasic communication processesComputer technologyIT methods for managementSemiconductorsOpticsMeasurementAnalysis o
253、f biologicalmaterialsControlMedical technologyOrganic fine chemistryBiotechnologyPharmaceuticalsMacromolecular chemistry,polymersFood chemistryBasic materials chemistryMaterials,metallurgySurface technology,coatingMicro-structural andnano-technologyChemical engineeringEnvironmental technologyHandlin
254、gMachine toolsEngines,pumps,turbinesTextile and paper machinesOther special machinesThermal processes andapparatusMechanical elementsTransportFurniture,gamesOther consumer goodsCivil engineering3.23.022.41.34.35.920.61.115.29.215.87.91.23.49.48.34.20.11.91.96.410.70.43.08.06.53.60.10.91.83.143.71.31
255、5.916.830.73.20.12.73.30.21.40.11.01.50.21.40.00.70.514.621.54.150.223.05.67.53.89.09.30.70.73.44.70.90.62.12.30.61.52.61.61.89.517.82.26.30.01.30.829.12.50.20.83.11.12.40.01.60.12.12.54.62.33.11.76.611.612.32.70.10.00.00.20.10.00.00.70.40.10.81.17.01.90.81.85.50.94.64.22.80.61.02.22.01.30.40.00.60.
256、80.10.00.00.10.40.00.011.30.10.00.10.00.10.10.10.10.00.70.20.00.00.00.00.10.00.00.00.00.00.00.40.00.10.10.20.10.19.70.10.10.00.00.00.00.00.20.00.00.00.10.60.00.20.10.70.20.115.90.10.30.20.11.60.10.30.30.34.10.90.10.50.11.10.10.50.30.40.60.70.20.10.00.00.20.20.00.00.41.30.00.30.00.60.20.30.90.414.30.
257、91.30.40.02.00.00.30.70.76.32.11.83.60.11.30.30.72.54.80.90.91.20.30.02.10.10.30.31.60.43.50.50.00.18.70.10.13.73.30.48.74.69.90.00.10.00.00.10.31.10.10.01.20.11.40.30.30.90.71.51.80.40.00.10.40.21.17.414.20.61.135.70.40.26.80.10.41.31.01.25.61.90.11.224.80.50.42.04.50.219.01.60.00.20.40.30.94.11.80
258、.00.37.70.10.20.10.21.88.11.20.10.25.70.00.00.50.10.10.70.49.50.50.4ApplicantField of technologyNote:WIPOs International Patent Classification(IPC)technology concordance table was used to convert IPC symbols into 35 corresponding fields of technology.For an electronic version of the IPC technology c
259、oncordance table,visit www.wipo.int/ipstats.Sources:WIPO Statistics Database and EPO PATSTAT database,August 2023.Patent statistics 37A28.Distribution of technology fields for selected universities and PROs based on patent families,20182020ZhejiangUniversityTianjinUniversityCEAIFP EnergiesNouvellesF
260、raunhofer GesForschungDLRAISTTokyoUniversityKoreaElectronicsTelecommKAISTUniversity ofCaliforniaMITElectrical machinery,apparatus,energyAudio-visual technologyTelecommunicationsDigital communicationBasic communication processesComputer technologyIT methods for managementSemiconductorsOpticsMeasureme
261、ntAnalysis of biologicalmaterialsControlMedical technologyOrganic fine chemistryBiotechnologyPharmaceuticalsMacromolecular chemistry,polymersFood chemistryBasic materials chemistryMaterials,metallurgySurface technology,coatingMicro-structural andnano-technologyChemical engineeringEnvironmental techn
262、ologyHandlingMachine toolsEngines,pumps,turbinesTextile and paper machinesOther special machinesThermal processes andapparatusMechanical elementsTransportFurniture,gamesOther consumer goodsCivil engineering6.67.012.44.34.86.18.87.52.75.83.46.91.01.11.60.09.30.60.92.512.02.20.70.81.31.61.90.06.23.90.
263、40.97.33.91.52.02.01.82.20.011.72.50.50.723.45.61.41.20.52.02.20.21.51.30.50.41.41.91.10.817.118.39.31.77.13.12.98.126.121.95.96.82.42.80.40.30.41.00.91.24.22.70.20.31.81.319.10.14.91.18.62.82.85.93.34.01.91.24.30.03.71.32.72.13.53.32.72.813.816.012.66.411.312.114.010.74.66.25.46.81.00.60.91.70.80.3
264、2.14.80.21.64.23.52.82.31.00.71.43.50.81.74.21.60.51.14.23.32.31.02.61.83.76.42.75.611.86.72.52.60.610.70.80.07.33.40.01.04.92.05.63.01.23.61.50.16.312.40.14.319.018.23.11.30.60.00.80.01.47.90.02.119.710.62.01.80.91.61.90.42.74.80.01.11.11.62.40.30.10.20.40.01.00.50.00.40.70.11.82.31.417.31.41.12.71
265、.40.11.21.11.12.53.62.84.44.72.110.13.30.12.81.63.31.21.82.80.53.13.24.31.60.12.01.32.10.70.82.20.01.40.11.61.30.11.20.61.13.33.62.522.61.91.36.62.40.34.12.74.02.73.21.94.90.80.71.60.50.11.30.81.61.71.51.00.41.06.70.81.30.81.20.31.30.81.90.90.23.40.61.11.70.10.20.10.81.81.81.68.11.26.30.51.40.11.20.
266、11.10.40.20.30.10.70.70.70.30.10.70.30.63.52.02.21.24.512.22.31.10.31.81.52.51.11.72.82.31.07.30.70.90.10.60.40.71.40.91.50.90.84.50.80.70.00.90.31.12.21.61.41.61.312.50.31.11.81.70.51.60.40.40.10.10.20.30.10.30.40.40.20.00.30.40.40.10.80.90.10.20.20.80.30.12.33.90.52.70.70.30.31.40.00.80.20.7Applic
267、antField of technologyNote:PRO means public research organization.A patent family is defined as patent applications interlinked by one or more of the following:priority claim,Patent Cooperation Treaty national phase entry,continuation,continuation-in-part,internal priority,and addition or division.P
268、atent families include only those families associated with patent applications for inventions and exclude those associated with utility model applications.Deutsches Zentrum fr Luft-und Raumfahrt E.V.(DLR);Le Commissariat lnergie atomique et aux nergies alternatives(CEA);Korea Advanced Institute of S
269、cience and Technology(KAIST);National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology(AIST);and Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT).Sources:WIPO Statistics Database and EPO PATSTAT database,August 2023.World Intellectual Property Indicators 202338 Published patent applications by fiel
270、d of technologyA29.Published patent applications worldwide by field of technology,2011,2016 and 2021Field of technology Number of published applicationsShare of total(%)Average growth(%)201120162021202120112021Electrical engineeringElectrical machinery,apparatus,energy125,162190,881219,3456.45.8 Aud
271、io-visual technology74,79480,653102,6943.03.2 Telecommunications51,15356,18457,3131.71.1 Digital communication83,341139,813169,0904.97.3 Basic communication processes15,87416,50917,5870.51.0 Computer technology134,071205,037379,20111.111.0 IT methods for management23,97046,28486,4582.513.7 Semicondu
272、ctors80,09183,589100,9272.92.3InstrumentsOptics62,10469,35174,3612.21.8 Measurement78,744132,066198,7845.89.7 Analysis of biological materials12,16016,42520,4260.65.3 Control28,47257,61681,0222.411.0 Medical technology81,957125,303177,8575.28.1ChemistryOrganic fine chemistry54,37566,90665,9991.92.0
273、Biotechnology42,70258,42679,3922.36.4 Pharmaceuticals73,141111,690100,3912.93.2 Macromolecular chemistry,polymers29,41549,06951,1471.55.7 Food chemistry31,60366,51644,1531.33.4 Basic materials chemistry47,84984,62171,4812.14.1 Materials,metallurgy40,20069,11075,0692.26.4 Surface technology,coating33
274、,82645,31051,5771.54.3 Micro-structural and nano-technology3,6094,8665,9750.25.2 Chemical engineering39,57967,133116,3413.411.4 Environmental technology27,10348,46767,1592.09.5Mechanical engineeringHandling45,46076,437106,7983.18.9 Machine tools47,12081,063119,1943.59.7 Engines,pumps,turbines49,8676
275、8,76960,3381.81.9 Textile and paper machines31,27441,60845,5941.33.8 Other special machines53,10399,017126,5213.79.1 Thermal processes and apparatus30,93645,33954,6131.65.8 Mechanical elements47,79074,85976,8982.24.9 Transport67,406116,508142,3294.27.8Other fieldsFurniture,games42,93870,57178,6002.3
276、6.2 Other consumer goods34,26853,58163,4281.96.4 Civil engineering59,35398,443131,3953.88.3 Unknown3,6595,1646,4690.25.9Total 1,788,4692,723,1843,425,926100.06.7Note:Data refer to published patent applications.There is a minimum delay of 18 months between the application date and the publication dat
277、e.WIPOs International Patent Classification(IPC)technology concordance table was used to convert IPC symbols into 35 corresponding fields of technology.For an electronic version of the IPC technology concordance table,visit www.wipo.int/ipstats.Sources:WIPO Statistics Database and EPO PATSTAT databa
278、se,August 2023.Patent statistics 39A30.Distribution of published patent applications by technology field for the top 10 origins,20192021ChinaUSJapanRepublic ofKoreaGermanyFranceUKSwitzerlandNetherlands(Kingdom ofthe)RussianFederationElectrical machinery,apparatus,energyAudio-visual technologyTelecom
279、municationsDigital communicationBasic communication processesComputer technologyIT methods for managementSemiconductorsOpticsMeasurementAnalysis of biologicalmaterialsControlMedical technologyOrganic fine chemistryBiotechnologyPharmaceuticalsMacromolecular chemistry,polymersFood chemistryBasic mater
280、ials chemistryMaterials,metallurgySurface technology,coatingMicro-structural andnano-technologyChemical engineeringEnvironmental technologyHandlingMachine toolsEngines,pumps,turbinesTextile and paper machinesOther special machinesThermal processes andapparatusMechanical elementsTransportFurniture,ga
281、mesOther consumer goodsCivil engineering6.24.19.98.29.46.55.36.16.93.52.62.84.24.91.51.71.91.01.80.61.62.22.02.40.91.41.40.61.21.35.07.83.05.72.13.12.71.52.50.90.40.80.70.50.60.60.70.40.80.812.112.96.18.94.05.08.62.96.03.22.72.82.13.70.70.81.30.80.50.81.82.65.26.71.82.41.40.93.00.81.52.05.42.71.82.1
282、1.91.05.50.87.13.94.93.66.55.04.58.45.47.50.50.90.40.50.60.81.11.10.72.02.62.22.72.02.51.51.61.61.21.93.49.43.74.34.55.47.69.813.28.81.62.61.42.02.74.53.75.24.11.61.64.51.21.72.03.15.35.53.72.21.86.41.32.12.44.47.69.74.04.11.51.22.51.51.92.00.71.72.50.81.81.00.92.00.51.10.73.23.54.62.42.12.21.72.72.
283、42.33.23.62.62.81.12.41.81.92.51.41.30.93.91.41.22.51.41.61.81.01.41.91.40.20.10.10.10.20.20.20.10.10.74.22.21.52.32.62.93.02.52.43.82.81.11.11.61.41.41.60.81.32.73.62.13.32.23.42.52.55.42.91.34.81.52.51.83.61.31.21.81.32.41.31.72.41.54.54.53.61.40.97.41.40.92.40.81.40.70.91.91.20.54.33.23.03.04.14.
284、52.92.75.15.52.00.91.81.91.51.61.00.80.91.72.01.72.82.26.44.23.01.81.34.23.23.66.04.611.711.34.92.32.45.21.82.14.62.61.81.42.52.22.11.21.61.81.63.11.72.66.06.92.21.14.62.82.33.73.23.04.42.12.88.4OriginField of technologyNote:Data refer to published patent applications.There is a minimum delay of 18
285、months between the application date and the publication date.WIPOs International Patent Classification(IPC)technology concordance table was used to convert IPC symbols into 35 corresponding fields of technology.For an electronic version of the IPC technology concordance table,visit www.wipo.int/ipst
286、ats.The top 10 origins were selected based on their 20192021 total published applications.Sources:WIPO Statistics Database and EPO PATSTAT database,August 2023.World Intellectual Property Indicators 202340 A31.Trend in patent applications in energy-related technologies,2006202110,00020,00030,00040,0
287、0050,000Applications2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021Publication yearSolar energyFuel cell technologyWind energy technologyGeothermal energyHydro energyNote:For definitions of the technologies fuel cell,geothermal,solar,wind and hydro energy see annex A.
288、The correspondence between International Patent Classification(IPC)symbols and technology fields is not always apparent(there is no one-to-one correspondence).It is therefore difficult to capture all patents in a specific technology field.Even so,the IPC-based definitions are likely to capture the v
289、ast majority of patent applications in these areas.Data refer to published patent applications.Sources:WIPO Statistics Database and EPO PATSTAT database,August 2023.Patent statistics 41A32.Share of patent applications in energy-related technologies for the top five origins,2019202151.6%China11.5%Rep
290、ublic of Korea11.2%US9.1%Japan2.6%Germany14.0%OthersSolar energy 37.2%Japan27.2%China10.9%US9.9%Republic of Korea5.3%Germany9.4%OthersFuel cell technology38.9%China14.3%Denmark11.6%Germany10.6%US4.1%Republic of Korea20.6%OthersWind energy technology 50.7%China9.5%Republic of Korea8.9%US6.6%Japan6.6%
291、Canada17.6%OthersGeothermal energy37.1%China25.9%Russian Federation6.6%US5.1%Japan5.1%Republic of Korea20.1%OthersHydro energyNote:For definitions of the technologies fuel cells,geothermal,solar,wind and hydro energy see annex A.The correspondence between International Patent Classification(IPC)symb
292、ols and technology fields is not always apparent(there is no one-to-one correspondence).It is therefore difficult to capture all patents in a specific technology field.Even so,the IPC-based definitions are likely to capture the vast majority of patent applications in these areas.Data refer to publis
293、hed patent applications.Sources:WIPO Statistics Database and EPO PATSTAT database,August 2023.World Intellectual Property Indicators 202342 Participation of women inventors in published PCT applicationsA33.Share of women among listed inventors in PCT applications,200820220.00.30.70.10.10.20.50.50.60
294、.40.50.50.81.00.61012141618Share of women inventors(%)200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022Publication yearShare of women inventorsPercentage point changeNote:Data refer to published PCT applications.In order to attribute gender to inventors names recorded in PCT applications,
295、WIPO produced a world gendername dictionary based on information from 13 different public sources.Gender is attributed to a given name on a country-by-country basis,because certain names may be considered male in one country but female in another.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,August 2023.A34.Share
296、 of PCT applications with at least one woman as inventor and with at least one man as inventor,2008202220253035Share of applicationswith women inventors(%)2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022Publication year 9092949698100Share of applicationswith men inventors(%)2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020
297、 2022Publication yearNote:Data refer to published PCT applications.In order to attribute gender to inventors names recorded in PCT applications,WIPO produced a gendername dictionary based on information from 13 different public sources.Gender is attributed to a given name on a country-by-country bas
298、is,because certain names may be considered male in one country but female in another.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,August 2023.Patent statistics 43A35.Share of women among listed inventors and share of PCT applications with at least one woman as inventor for the top 20 origins,2022Share of PCT app
299、lications with women inventors(%)47.9 34.0 34.5 34.9 37.8 30.7 34.9 31.8 34.3 32.6 26.7 31.6 22.4 26.2 31.5 25.4 23.9 22.6 23.6 16.224.024.019.217.917.017.016.516.516.115.715.415.415.214.614.213.411.611.310.89.0Share of women inventors(%)ChinaTrkiyeFranceNetherlands(Kingdom of the)USIsraelRepublic o
300、f KoreaSwitzerlandSingaporeSwedenDenmarkCanadaItalyAustraliaFinlandUKIndiaGermanyJapanAustriaOriginNote:Data refer to published PCT applications.In order to attribute gender to inventors names recorded in PCT applications,WIPO produced a gendername dictionary based on information from 13 different p
301、ublic sources.Gender is attributed to a given name on a country-by-country basis,because certain names may be considered male in one country but female in another.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,August 2023.A36.Share of PCT patent applications with women inventors by field of technology,202230.2 30.
302、129.127.425.221.019.5 19.417.817.1 17.0 16.916.115.815.4 15.315.1 15.0 14.814.3 14.313.713.413.1 13.112.5 12.411.911.110.2 10.19.58.88.88.1Share of women inventors(%)BiotechnologyFood chemistryPharmaceuticalsAnalysis of biological materialsOrganic fine chemistryBasic materials chemistryMacromolecula
303、r chemistry,polymersDigital communicationMicro-structural and nano-technologyIT methods for managementMedical technologyTextile and paper machinesComputer technologyChemical engineeringOther consumer goodsMaterials,metallurgyEnvironmental technologySurface technology,coatingOther special machinesAud
304、io-visual technologySemiconductorsMeasurementOpticsFurniture,gamesTelecommunicationsControlElectrical machinery,apparatus,energyThermal processes and apparatusHandlingMachine toolsCivil engineeringTransportBasic communication processesEngines,pumps,turbinesMechanical elementsField of technologyNote:
305、Data refer to published PCT applications.WIPOs International Patent Classification(IPC)technology concordance table was used to convert IPC symbols into 35 corresponding fields of technology.For an electronic version of the IPC technology concordance table,visit www.wipo.int/ipstats.Source:WIPO Stat
306、istics Database,August 2023.World Intellectual Property Indicators 202344 Patent applications in relation to GDP and populationA37.Resident patent applications per USD 100 billion GDP for the top 20 origins,2012 and 20228,1867,8283,8125,7025,8064,2001,5401,6451,8431,3741,4471,2701,2521,1901,5351,170
307、1,0521,054857835921804870777945610843600744538496529493516786482500413560404Resident patent applicationsper USD 100 billion GDP Republic of KoreaChinaJapanSwitzerlandGermanyFinlandSwedenUSDenmarkNetherlands(Kingdom of the)AustriaFranceIran(Islamic Republic of)LuxembourgUKBelgiumItalyRussian Federati
308、onNorwayIcelandOrigin20122022Note:GDP data are in 2017 US purchasing power parity(PPP)dollars.The top 20 origins were included if they had a GDP greater than USD 25 billion PPP and more than 100 resident patent applications.Because of space constraints,only the top 20 origins to fulfil these criteri
309、a are presented.Sources:WIPO Statistics Database and World Bank,August 2023.A38.Resident patent applications per million population for the top 20 origins,2012 and 20222,9513,5592,2491,7491,0131,1683951,0378567579197366056526656305396294444894914533723582043032392813122793162522052261671602041351361
310、17Resident patent applicationsper million population Republic of KoreaJapanSwitzerlandChinaUSGermanySwedenFinlandDenmarkNetherlands(Kingdom of the)AustriaFranceSingaporeBelgiumNorwayUKItalyIsraelRussian FederationCanadaOrigin20122022Note:The top 20 origins were included if they had a population grea
311、ter than 5 million and if they had more than 100 resident patent applications.Because of space constraints,only the top 20 origins to fulfil these criteria are presented.Sources:WIPO Statistics Database and World Bank,August 2023.A39.Resident patent applications per capita and GDP per capita,2018202
312、2ChinaUSRepublic of KoreaGermanyFranceSwitzerlandCanadaAustraliaMexicoIndiaSouth AfricaTrkiyeBrazilMalaysiaMoroccoColombiaChileSingaporeSpainIrelandNorwayJapanNetherlands(Kingdom of the)ItalyIran(Islamic Republic of)Russian FederationUkraineUzbekistanKyrgyzstanKenyaDjiboutiPakistanQatarUnited Arab E
313、miratesChina,Hong Kong SARBahrainKuwaitOmanPanamaArgentinaMauritiusTrinidad and TobagoAlbaniaGabonBelarusCosta RicaZimbabwePhilippinesEcuador012345678Resident patent applicationsper capita(log scale)12345GDP per capita(PPP constant 2017 USD)(log scale)Sources:WIPO Statistics Database and World Bank,
314、August 2023.Patent statistics 45A40.Resident patent applications per capita and R&D expenditure per capita,20182022ChinaJapanRepublic of KoreaIsraelSwedenUSSwitzerlandAustriaBelgiumUKUnited Arab EmiratesThailandBrazilNetherlandsFranceSloveniaCzech RepublicCanadaItalyHungaryIran(Islamic Republic of)T
315、rkiyeRussian FederationEgyptSouth AfricaArgentinaUkraineLatviaKazakhstanMongoliaKyrgyzstanPeruParaguayPakistanRomaniaPanamaIndonesiaMexicoChileChina,Hong Kong SARIrelandGeorgiaArmeniaCyprus012345678Resident patent applicationsper capita(log scale)01234R&D as percentage of GDP(log scale)Note:R&D data
316、 refer to gross domestic expenditure on research and experimental development(GERD).R&D data lag by one year.Sources:WIPO Statistics Database,OECD,UNESCO and World Bank,August 2023.Patents in forceA41.Trend in patents in force worldwide,20082022024681012141618Patents in force(million)200820092010201
317、120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022YearChinaUSJapanRepublic of KoreaGermanyOthersNote:World totals are WIPO estimates using data covering 137 offices.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,August 2023.A42.Patents in force at the top 20 offices,2022Non-resident share(%)20.4 52.6 19.3 23.4 73.8 75.
318、8 92.0 50.7 35.9 88.34,212,1883,343,1592,029,2231,214,146917,232718,197 701,292395,227259,020 241,587ChinaUSJapanRepublic ofKoreaGermanyFranceUKItalyRussianFederationSwitzerlandPatents in forceOfficeResidentNon-resident Non-resident share(%)89.5 89.2 87.3.93.2.89.0 81.6 95.7 99.0214,974211,591191,62
319、7167,519159,361147,281143,690128,663118,484 117,527SpainNetherlands(Kingdom of the)CanadaIrelandAustraliaBelgiumAustriaIndiaMexicoLuxembourgPatents in forceOfficeResidentNon-residentTotal.indicates not available.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,August 2023.World Intellectual Property Indicators 20234
320、6 A43.Flow of patents in force between selected origins and offices,2022Other originsItalyUKSwitzerlandFranceChinaRepublic ofKoreaGermanyUSJapanOriginRussianFederationItalySwitzerlandRepublic ofKoreaJapanFranceUKGermanyChinaUSOfficeSource:WIPO Statistics Database,August 2023.Patent statistics 47A44.
321、Patents in force in 2022 as a percentage of total applications0.50.51.82.317.821.521.423.325.028.031.233.532.635.537.639.338.937.839.036.233.625.814.13.7Percentage of applications(based on data from 87 offices)199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020
322、212022Application yearNote:Percentages are calculated as the number of patent applications filed in year t and in force in 2022,divided by the total number of patent applications filed in year t.Patent holders must pay maintenance fees to maintain the validity of their patents.Depending on technolog
323、ical and commercial considerations,patent holders may opt to let a patent lapse before the end of the full protection term.This figure shows the distribution of patents in force in 2022 as a percentage of total applications in the year of filing.However,not all offices provide these data.Data for 87
324、 offices show that 39.3%of the applications for which patents were eventually granted remained in force for at least 9 years after the application date,and about 17.8%lasted the full 20-year term.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,August 2023.A45.Average age of patents in force at selected offices,2017
325、 and 202215.111.613.011.411.511.010.411.010.910.911.110.810.710.89.610.610.110.110.010.08.89.69.99.48.29.49.19.18.99.07.78.98.28.68.87.97.27.47.26.8Average age of patentsin force(years)BrazilIndiaGermanyMexicoCanadaSwedenDenmarkTrkiyeNetherlands(Kingdom of the)FranceSouth AfricaUSRussian FederationS
326、witzerlandAustriaAustraliaRepublic of KoreaChina,Hong Kong SARChinaMonacoOffice20172022Note:The average age of patents in force is calculated using the following formula:(p*y)/p,where p is the number of patents in force and y the number of years between filing and reporting year.Source:WIPO Statisti
327、cs Database,August 2023.World Intellectual Property Indicators 202348 Patent office procedural dataA46.Distribution of patent examination outcomes for selected offices,20220255075100Distribution of applicationsprocessed(%)AustraliaBrazilCanadaChinaFranceGermanyIndiaIran(Islamic Republic of)IsraelIta
328、lyJapanMexicoRepublic of KoreaRussian FederationSaudi ArabiaThailandTrkiyeUKUSViet NamOfficeGrantedRejectedWithdrawn/abandonedNote:The share of applications granted should not be interpreted as grant rates,as they are based on the examination date rather than the date when the application was filed.
329、The number of grants in a given year relates to applications filed in previous years.WIPO collects data from IP offices using a common questionnaire and methodology.However,because of differences in patent procedures between offices,data cannot be fully harmonized.Therefore,caution should be exercis
330、ed when making comparisons across offices.Source:WIPO Statistics Database,August 2023.A47.Potentially pending applications at the top 20 offices,2022Growth rate(%)94.25.76.89.91.77.011.07.310.4 10.92,573,9751,135,903794,344633,550370,656348,912249,294169,69772,96160,282ChinaUSJapanEPOGermanyRepublic
331、 ofKoreaIndiaCanadaAustraliaBrazilPending applicationsOfficeBefore examinationIn examination Growth rate(%)1.7 22.01.44.2 5.7 16.06.713.9 0.3 5.653,49149,05341,25639,31630,85330,23830,05924,78819,32718,757MexicoSingaporeThailandFranceRussianFederationMalaysiaIsraelNew ZealandTrkiyeUKPending applicat
332、ionsOfficeBefore examinationIn examinationTotalNote:EPO is the European Patent Office.Application processing varies between offices,making it difficult to measure pending applications.In some offices,patent applications automatically proceed to the examination stage,unless applicants withdraw them;i
333、n others,applications do not proceed to examination,unless applicants file a separate request for examination.To take account of procedural differences,pending application data are separated between(a)all patent applications,at any stage in the process,that are awaiting a final decision by a patent office,including those for which applicants have not filed a request for examination(where applicabl
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