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1、EY Green Tax TrackerKeeping pace with sustainability incentives,carbon regimes and environmental taxesOctober 2023EY Green Tax TrackerPage 2Page 2EY Green Tax TrackerSustainability as a driver of tax policyAs governments make pledges to reduce emissions to address climate change,they develop policie

2、s to drive progress toward those pledges.These policies often involve tax.As much of global climate policy sits in global tax codes,its imperative for tax to be at the table in a companys sustainability discussions.Tax plays a significant part in encouraging and enabling companies to fulfill their c

3、limate commitments for achieving net zero and greening up their operations.Governments are also using sustainability tax measures to raise revenue and fund important policy objectives.Tax costs to discourage behaviors and technologies that add to greenhouse gas(GHG)emissionsTax incentives to encoura

4、ge green behavior and green technology EY Green Tax TrackerPage 3Page 3EY Green Tax TrackerGlobal sustainability goals150+jurisdictions representing almost90%of global GHG emissions,have communicateda net-zero target in either domestic law,policy,or high-level political pledge.*Net zero is the point

5、 at which an organization has achieved its science-based target(SBT)to limit global warming to 1.5C abovepre-industrial levels and removed its residual emissions from the atmosphere.*Source:,22 September 2023.The Paris Agreement is an international treaty on climate change.It was adopted by 196 part

6、ies in 2015 and entered into force in 2016.The goal of the agreement is to keep the global average temperature rise this century as close as possible to 1.5C above preindustrial levels.Emissions need to be reduced by 45%by 2030 and reach net zero by 2050.The Glasgow Climate Pact is a 2021 agreement

7、of 190 countries that reaffirms the goal of limiting global warming to 1.5C.It asks countries to improve their 2030 national climate targets by the end of 2022,calls for countries to make efforts to reduce the use of coal as a source of fuel and end inefficient fossil fuel subsidies,calls for climat

8、e financing for developing countries,calls financial support for adaptation measures and creates a market for units representing emissions reductions that countries can trade.100+nations pledge to stop deforestation100+nations agree to reduce methane40+nations vow to phase out coal and fossil fuelsC

9、arbon negative is the result of an organization both reducing its emissions in line with its 1.5C SBT and investing in nature-based solutions and carbon technologies to remove and offset more carbon than it emits each year.EY Green Tax TrackerPage 4Page 4EY Green Tax TrackerKeeping pace with sustain

10、ability tax policyWhile sustainability goals are shared,the policies established to achieve them vary greatly across the globe.Staying on top of the evolving sustainability tax landscape is critical.Here,EY teams offer a snapshot of sustainability incentives,carbon regimes,environmental taxes and en

11、vironmental tax exemptions present in 63 jurisdictions,representing over 90%of global GDP.To learn more about any measure,please consult with your EY engagement team or the jurisdiction contact located at the top of each page.2,000+Sustainability incentives3,000+Environmental taxes and exemptions91

12、Carbon regimes EY Green Tax TrackerPage 5Page 5EY Green Tax Tracker2,000+Sustainability incentivesIncluded in the 63 jurisdictions represented in this editionSustainability incentives can generally be divided into three categories,those that encourage a reduction in natural resource consumption,thos

13、e that encourage a switch to renewable or alternative energy sources,or those that encourage innovation of new low-carbon products and manufacturing processes.Many programs are a mix of the three containing multiple elements.Tax credits,grants and loans are frequently used measures.1,300+ReduceConst

14、ruct or retrofit energy-efficient buildingsProcure energy-efficient process equipmentApply emission reduction technologies900+Switch220+InnovateSource:EY jurisdiction professionals.Research and development(R&D)creditsResearch funding grantsFunding rebates for green job trainingAlternative fuelsRenew

15、able energy generation(such as solar,wind,geothermal)Qualifying on-site generationEY Green Tax TrackerPage 6Page 6EY Green Tax Tracker3,000+Environmental taxesIncluded in the 63 jurisdictions represented in this editionGovernments useenvironmental taxes as a source of revenue,and also as an instrume

16、nt ofenvironmental policy.Taxes are imposed on a variety of products,services and processes to encourage or discourage consumption.Similarly,governments offer exemptions from environmental taxes for certain qualifying products,uses or taxpayers.The Green Tax tracker includes over 1,100environmental

17、tax exemptions.Emissions and air pollutionCongestion charge Tax on certain chemicalsEmissions feesWater,pollution and effluent chargesConsumption taxesGreenhouse gasesDischarge feesRecycling,waste and landfillsDisposal feesRecycling feesElectronic wasteDisposal feesConventional and alternative fuels

18、Gasoline,coal,natural gas,etc.taxesAviation taxesEnergy generation,distribution and consumptionOil,coal,natural gas taxesElectricity feesEnergy-efficient industrial and manufacturing processesGasoline,coal,natural gas taxesPlastics and packaging taxesTax on single use plasticsOthersTaxes on other pr

19、oductsEY Green Tax TrackerPage 7Page 7EY Green Tax TrackerWhat is Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism(CBAM)?The scopeThe scope of products under CBAM are defined by customs tariff codes covering the following categories,downstream products and more.Refer to this EY Tax Alert for the full list of prod

20、uct categories.ImplicationsThe CBAM is a key enabler in how the EU will achieve its European Green Deal objectives and in meeting the greenhouse gas emissions reductions targets enshrined in the European Climate Law.Under CBAM,businesses importing certain emission-intensive goods into the EU will be

21、 required to pay a levy based on the embedded GHG emissions.CementAluminumIron&SteelHydrogenFertilizerElectricityThe CBAM guidelines encourage businesses to consider the implications of the production process and the carbon footprint of their productsImporters will be directly impacted by the regula

22、tory and financial burden of complying with the CBAMStakeholders will need to work diligently to lessen effects of the CBAM by employing verification standards,grasping specifics of quantification techniques for embedded emissions and computing the certificate price Businesses procuring goods in sco

23、pe of CBAM in the EU may experience further increases of cost prices as importers may expectedly roll off CBAM certificates and compliance costsWhy is it important?ImplicationsCBAM will impact businesses in the EU and around the globe operationally and strategically.A holistic approach across the va

24、lue chain and supply chain is suggested.Initial steps include:(i)Assigning responsibility and ownership for CBAM(ii)Reviewing the EU import footprint and potential cost and process impacts considering the new proposed scope of CBAM(iii)Preparing to comply with the transitional period requirements in

25、cluding reviewing required data(e.g.,on embedded emissions and carbon price at the manufacturing sites),identifying potential gaps,review of contractual positions and gathering informationOctober 2023 Transitional reporting period beginsRequires submission of quarterly reports detailing embedded emi

26、ssions in goods imported during that quarter of the calendar year.Reports include direct and indirect emissions,and any carbon price effectively paid in a third country.2025 Importers to apply to authorization as“authorized CBAM declarant”which is needed from 2026.2026 Financial costs and certificat

27、e requirements beginsFrom 2026,businesses importing products subject to CBAM will have to purchase and surrender CBAM certificates annually,corresponding to the amount of direct GHG emissions embedded in imported products.The price of CBAM certificates will be based on the average of the closing pri

28、ces of all EU ETS auctions during each calendar week.If actual verified emissions arent available,it will be based on“default”values.Importers to apply to authorization as“authorized CBAM declarant”which is needed from 2026.EY Green Tax TrackerPage 8Page 8EY Green Tax Tracker63Jurisdictions coveredT

29、he information offered for each jurisdiction represents the best understanding of EY professionals in that jurisdiction.It is high-level and subject to change.This document is updated on an ongoing basis but not all entries will be up to date at a given moment.In addition,not all jurisdictions are r

30、eflected in this document.Please contact your EY engagement team or the listed jurisdiction contact for more information.*New in this editionArgentinaAustraliaAustriaBangladeshBelgiumBotswana BrazilCambodiaCanadaChileChinese MainlandColombiaCyprusCzech RepublicDenmarkEgypt*Ethiopia European UnionFin

31、landFranceGermanyGhanaGreeceIndiaIndonesiaIrelandItalyJapanKenyaLithuaniaLuxembourgMalawiMalaysiaMalta*MexicoNamibiaThe NetherlandsNew ZealandNigeriaNorwayOman*PeruThe PhilippinesPolandPortugalRomaniaSingaporeSlovakiaSouth AfricaSouth KoreaSpainSri LankaSwedenSwitzerlandThailandT rkiyeUgandaUnited A

32、rab Emirates*United KingdomUnited StatesVenezuelaVietnamZambiaEY Green Tax TrackerPage 9Page 9EY Green Tax TrackerIndex of measures 1Note:Yellow fill indicates the presence of an item at the jurisdictional or local level,please see the jurisdiction page for more detailsArgentinaAustraliaAustriaBangl

33、adeshBelgiumBotswanaBrazilCambodiaCanadaChileChinese MainlandColombiaCyprusReturn to jurisdiction listFind the most current version of this tracker on Carbon pricingSustainability incentivesReduceSwitchInnovateEnvironmental taxesEnvironmental tax exemptionsEY Green Tax TrackerPage 10Page 10EY Green

34、Tax TrackerIndex of measures 2Note:Yellow fill indicates the presence of an item at the jurisdictional or local level,please see the jurisdiction page for more detailsCzech RepublicDenmarkEgyptEthiopiaEuropean UnionFinlandFranceGermanyGhanaGreeceIndiaIndonesiaReturn to jurisdiction listFind the most

35、 current version of this tracker on Carbon pricingSustainability incentivesReduceSwitchInnovateEnvironmental taxesEnvironmental tax exemptionsEY Green Tax TrackerPage 11Page 11EY Green Tax TrackerIndex of measures 3Note:Yellow fill indicates the presence of an item at the jurisdictional or local lev

36、el,please see the jurisdiction page for more detailsIrelandItalyJapanKenyaLithuaniaLuxembourgMalawiMalaysiaMaltaMexicoNamibiaThe NetherlandsNew ZealandReturn to jurisdiction listFind the most current version of this tracker on Carbon pricingSustainability incentivesReduceSwitchInnovateEnvironmental

37、taxesEnvironmental tax exemptionsEY Green Tax TrackerPage 12Page 12EY Green Tax TrackerIndex of measures 4Note:Yellow fill indicates the presence of an item at the jurisdictional or local level,please see the jurisdiction page for more detailsNigeriaNorwayOmanPeruThe PhilippinesPolandPortugalRomania

38、SingaporeSlovakiaSouth AfricaSouth KoreaSpainReturn to jurisdiction listFind the most current version of this tracker on Carbon pricingSustainability incentivesReduceSwitchInnovateEnvironmental taxesEnvironmental tax exemptionsEY Green Tax TrackerPage 13Page 13EY Green Tax TrackerIndex of measures 5

39、Note:Yellow fill indicates the presence of an item at the jurisdictional or local level,please see the jurisdiction page for more detailsSri LankaSwedenSwitzerlandThailandT rkiyeUgandaUnited Arab EmiratesUnited KingdomUnited StatesVenezuelaVietnamZambiaReturn to jurisdiction listFind the most curren

40、t version of this tracker on Carbon pricingSustainability incentivesReduceSwitchInnovateEnvironmental taxesEnvironmental tax exemptionsEY Green Tax TrackerPage 14Page 14EY Green Tax TrackerJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionC

41、onventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLETS implementedETS under consi

42、derationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationArgentinaOverviewSustainability tax incentives have been in place for over 15 years in Argentina and a national carbon tax was implemented in 2018,but the countrys holistic approach to environmental tax policy is still emerging.The national

43、 carbon tax estimated to cover 20%of the countrys greenhouse gas emissions is the top focus area of environmental tax policy.Argentina also has several incentive programs to promote technological development,renewable energy and biofuel utilization,wind and solar energy generation,and investment in

44、forestry projects.Carbon pricingJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrast

45、ructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestra

46、tion/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingSustainability incentivesJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distrib

47、ution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingEnvironmental taxesEnvironmental tax exemptionsJ=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listFind the most current version of this tracker on Contact:Gustavo Scravaglieri,Ariel BecherInformation current

48、 as of:1 September 2023 EY Green Tax TrackerPage 15Page 15EY Green Tax TrackerJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,mi

49、croturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationAustraliaOverviewAustralias new Labor Federal gover

50、nment has a target of net-zero emissions by 2050 and a 43%reduction over 2005 levels by 2050.These targets will be legislated to increase policy certainty and stability.Instead of placing a moratorium on new oil and gas projects to reach the targets,the safeguard mechanism will continue to apply to

51、the 215 entities that currently emit more than 100,000 tons of C02a year and a revised mechanism to apply from 2023-24 will require them to reduce aggregate emissions by 5m tons a year to collectively achieve net-zero emissions by 2050.There is a national excise tax on petrol,diesel and other fuels

52、such as liquefied petroleum gas or ethanol.Additionally,there are multiple state and territory levies,charges and fines on pollution.Initially individual states applied user charges on zero-and low-emission vehicles at purchase,but programs are emerging on the federal level proposing a limited fring

53、e benefits tax exemption and customs duty relief.Sustainability tax programs continue,including additional clean energy technology incentive measures.There are many targeted sustainability grant funding programs offered by both federal and state governments.Carbon pricingJLReduceConstruction/retrofi

54、t of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,w

55、aste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingSu

56、stainability incentivesJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesP

57、lastics and packagingEnvironmental taxesEnvironmental tax exemptionsJ=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listContact:Brian Lane,Laurence Osen,Simon Whyte Find the most current version of this tracker on Information current as of:1 September 2023 EY Green Tax TrackerPage 16Page

58、16EY Green Tax TrackerJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)

59、Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationAustriaOverviewSustainability tax policies are well established in Austria,for example,the fuel tax can be

60、traced back to the first half of the 20th century.Further sustainability tax programs are expected in the future.The most significant measures are on a national level,however,there are also measures at a local level.Energy taxes(fuel taxes,electricity tax)have been a focus in recent years.A new carb

61、on tax,by way of national emission certificate trading,is effective 1 October 2022.National emissions trading will start with a fixed price phase.The initial value for the emission of one ton of carbon dioxide will be 30;this value increases to 32.50 as of 2023,to 45 as of 2024 and to 55 as of 2025.

62、Trading participants placing on the market sources of energy such as mineral oil,fuels,gas or coal will be liable to acquire national emission certificates.Carbon pricingJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water

63、 use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse

64、of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingSustainability incentivesJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfills

65、Electronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingEnvironmental taxesEnvironmental tax exemptionsJ=Jurisdictional level;L=Local lev

66、elReturn to jurisdiction listFind the most current version of this tracker on Contact:Markus Schragl,Sebastian Koch Information current as of:27 September 2023 EY Green Tax TrackerPage 17Page 17EY Green Tax TrackerJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic

67、 wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLETS i

68、mplementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationBangladeshOverviewSustainability tax programs are not yet fully established in Bangladesh;however,the national government has taken steps to establish a green tax on polluting industries.There are no sustainability-

69、focused incentives.As Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable countries to the impacts of climate change,sustainability tax measures play a crucial role in promoting environmentally sustainable practices and reducing the impact of human activities on the environment.The government has a strong comm

70、itment to promoting environmentally sustainable practices and is actively working on additional measures.The top focus areas are the green tax,waste management and carbon taxes.Carbon pricingJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigerati

71、on,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geother

72、mal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingSustainability incentivesJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecyclin

73、g,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingEnvironmental taxesEnvironmental tax exemptionsJ=Jurisdictio

74、nal level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listFind the most current version of this tracker on Contact:Rakesh Saha,Muhammad Abu HanifInformation current as of:1 September 2023 EY Green Tax TrackerPage 18Page 18EY Green Tax TrackerJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction

75、/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics

76、and packagingJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationBelgiumOverviewBelgiums sustainability tax programs are well-established and wide ranging,including implementation of EU-level environmental legislation and policy.Most measures are at the local

77、level,due to the federal nature of Belgium.Environmental regulation and policy sit with the regions(Brussels Region,Flanders Region,Wallonia Region),which each having their own parliaments and regional waste and environmental agencies.Belgium has relatively high fuel taxes on consumer fuels and a ve

78、ry high recycling rate,in part due to the early introduction of landfill bans and high landfill taxes and charges.Linked to this,Belgium has a relatively successful extended producer responsibility(EPR)system for both household and industrial packaging.Belgium is often cited as a European leader in

79、terms of recycling and EPR.There is a political impetus combined with strong consumer and citizen support for further or stricter environmental taxes,regulations and policies,going forward.Carbon pricingJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD

80、,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,

81、wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingSustainability incentivesJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent cha

82、rgesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingEnvironmental taxesEnvironmental tax exemptionsJ

83、=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listFind the most current version of this tracker on Contact:Philippe Lesage,Maarten Vandewaerde,Sofie Van DoninckInformation current as of:20 September 2023 EY Green Tax TrackerPage 19Page 19EY Green Tax TrackerJLWater use reduction and ther

84、mal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial

85、and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationBotswanaOverviewSustainability tax programs in Botswana are still emerging.The government has introduced various incentives for sustainability activities.Botsw

86、ana currently has water use reduction projects in place,aiming to reduce water loss during transmission through investments into telemetric monitoring systems.Additionally,in an attempt to mitigate the use of plastic bags,Botswana has banned the use of bags with less than a stipulated minimum thickn

87、ess and the government has attempted to introduce a plastic bag levy.Carbon pricingJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction tec

88、hnologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing

89、green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingSustainability incentivesJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles

90、and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingEnvironmental taxesEnvironmental tax exemptionsJ=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listFind the most current version of this tracker on Contact:C

91、leverent MhanduInformation current as of:1 May 2023 EY Green Tax TrackerPage 20Page 20EY Green Tax TrackerJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogenerat

92、ion,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationBrazilOverviewSustainab

93、ility tax programs are still emerging in Brazil.However,some general incentives focused on infrastructure and innovation often apply to sustainable projects.Carbon taxes and an ETS are currently under analysis by the Brazilian government,with no set date for new rules.The government is carrying out

94、a study for economic impact,and ETS simulations with three top Brazil companies.Some states,such as S o Paulo and Rio de Janeiro are assessing the possibility of ETS programs on a state level.The RenovaBio program establishes mandatory goals for the reduction of GHG emissions by avoiding the use of

95、fossil fuels.The system basically allows for the certification of biofuels and creates a decarbonization credit that combines the emissions reduction targets and the live cycle assessment of each biofuel producer.Significant tax changes have been proposed,including the replacement of taxes:ISS,ICMS,

96、IPI,PIS and COFINS by IBS and CBS.A new“selective tax”has been proposed that will be imposed on the production,marketing or import of goods and services harmful to health or the environment.Carbon pricingJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VF

97、D,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar

98、,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingSustainability incentivesJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent ch

99、argesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingEnvironmental taxesEnvironmental tax exemptions

100、J=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listFind the most current version of this tracker on Contact:Waine Peron,Erica Perin,Ricardo F Costa,Andre LimaInformation current as of:7 September 2023 EY Green Tax TrackerPage 21Page 21EY Green Tax TrackerJLWater use reduction and thermal

101、 energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and

102、 manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationCambodiaOverviewSustainability measures are still emerging in Cambodia.There are currently no carbon taxes,plastics taxes or other green taxes.There are no specif

103、ic green incentives,however,investment in environmental management and protection,biodiversity conservation,the circular economy,green energy and technology contributing to climate change adaptation and mitigation may be approved as a Qualified Investment Project(QIP).The current investment incentiv

104、es for a QIP include import/export duty exemptions,corporate income tax exemptions,special depreciation and R&D deductions.Carbon pricingJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste

105、reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment

106、in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingSustainability incentivesJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air

107、 pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingEnvironmental taxesEnvironmental tax exemptionsJ=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listFind

108、 the most current version of this tracker on Contact:Reangsey Touch Information current as of:1 September 2023 EY Green Tax TrackerPage 22Page 22EY Green Tax TrackerJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternat

109、ive fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax imple

110、mentedCarbon tax under considerationCanadaOverviewCanadas sustainability tax programs at both the federal and provincial levels have been in place for several years and continue to evolve.Over time,the two levels have worked together to harmonize the application of environmental regulations includin

111、g water,air,land and environmental assessment.In 2016,Canada adopted the Pan-Canadian Framework which focused on pricing carbon pollution,complementary actions to reduce emissions economy-wide,adaptation and climate resilience,and clean technology,innovation and jobs.There are currently federal sust

112、ainability funding programs,federal accelerated depreciation for qualifying clean energy investments and several provincial sustainability programs,most taking the form of grants or rebates.Canada established a carbon pricing framework in 2018.Flexibility was provided to provinces and territories to

113、 establish their own pricing plans with a federal backstop implemented if a local plan did not meet federal standards.Carbon pricingJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduc

114、tion/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in re

115、cycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingSustainability incentivesJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air poll

116、utionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingEnvironmental taxesEnvironmental tax exemptionsJ=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listFind the

117、most current version of this tracker on Contact:Thomas Brook,Michael Mitchell Information current as of:1 September 2023 EY Green Tax TrackerPage 23Page 23EY Green Tax TrackerJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional an

118、d alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon

119、 tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationChileOverviewChile started a sustainability plan to transition away from coal-fired plants in response to the Paris Agreement in 2015.However,sustainability tax programs are still emerging and are generally promoted at national level.The top focus areas

120、are green taxes on discharged pollution of particulate matter,NOx,SO2and CO2and fuel taxes.Chile has a strong and legal commitment in achieving the carbon neutrality by 2050 and the government is actively working on additional measures.In June 2022,the Congress approved the Climate Change Act of Chi

121、le that seeks to promote climate action by proclaiming the fight against this phenomenon and including carbon neutrality as one of its State policies,establishing a legal commitment in achieving the carbon neutrality by 2050.There are proposals currently being legislated and expected tax reforms inv

122、olving corrective taxes are expected to be submitted by the Ministry of Finance by April-June 2023(i.e.,plastic tax,fuel tax changes,increase in green taxes,among others).Carbon pricingJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,fur

123、nace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,et

124、c.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingSustainability incentivesJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,wast

125、e and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingEnvironmental taxesEnvironmental tax exemptionsJ=Jurisdictional le

126、vel;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listFind the most current version of this tracker on Contact:Alicia Dominguez Varas,Victor FennerInformation current as of:1 September 2023 EY Green Tax TrackerPage 24Page 24EY Green Tax TrackerChinese MainlandContact:Andrea Yue,Derrick Chen,Andy SY Leung,Alan

127、 Lan,Yao Lu,Shirley YongJ=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel

128、 cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationOverviewChinese Mainland has long establis

129、hed,but still evolving,sustainability tax programs.At the national level,there are three environmental protection focus areas:pollution reduction,greenhouse gas reduction and resource conservation.There are multiple tax incentives that address the three focus areas and utilize different mechanisms,i

130、ncluding preferential Corporate Income Tax treatmentsfor specific qualifying enterprises or eligible revenue,Value-added Tax refund policies or tax exemptions.For pollution reduction,Chinese Mainland launched the Environmental Protection Tax(EPT),which is levied on the emission of four categories of

131、 pollutants,namely gas,water,solid wastes,as well as noises.The EPT was launched in 2018,but in fact replaced the long existing Pollutants Discharge Fee,which was levied on basically the same classes of pollutants.For greenhouse gas reduction,a carbon emission trading system was recently established

132、 and there is discussion regarding a carbon tax to help Chinese Mainland achieve its carbon goals of reaching carbon peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060.Carbon pricingJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)W

133、ater use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Innovate

134、Use of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingSustainability incentivesJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landf

135、illsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingEnvironmental taxesEnvironmental tax exemptionsFind the most current version

136、of this tracker on Information current as of:15 September 2023 EY Green Tax TrackerPage 25Page 25EY Green Tax TrackerJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generatio

137、n(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationColombiaOver

138、viewGreen tax programs are still emerging in Colombia,with most existing measures occurring at the national level,such as the carbon tax and the plastic bag consumption tax.In addition to taxes,there are favorable tax benefits for environment friendly investments,such as energy efficiency investment

139、s,unconventional sources of energy investments and environmental control investments.A tax reform bill was enacted in November 2022 that includes a national tax on single-use plastic products used to wrap,pack or package goods,a tax on exports of crude oil and coal and the inclusion of coal within t

140、he national carbon tax.Carbon pricingJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/in

141、frastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequ

142、estration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingSustainability incentivesJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,di

143、stribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingEnvironmental taxesEnvironmental tax exemptionsJ=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listFind the most current version of this tracker on Contact:Margarita Salas,Catalina Sandoval,Josep M.Alber

144、tInformation current as of:7 September 2023 EY Green Tax TrackerPage 26Page 26EY Green Tax TrackerJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,wast

145、e heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationCyprusOverviewCurrently,the onl

146、y sustainability tax program in Cyprus is the Tonnage Tax Reduction of up to 30%for each marine vessel which demonstrates proactive measures to reduce its environmental impact.More sustainability tax programs could emerge as part of the Cyprus Recovery and Resilience Plan.The plan includes several l

147、egislative changes which are expected to be enacted by 31 December 2023.The aim is to promote a more efficient use of environmental resources,reduced greenhouse gas emissions and increase the availability of renewable energy.According to a study completed under EU DG Reform,new green taxes expected

148、for Parliamentary approval include:i)carbon tax on top of excise duty,ii)carbon tax for industries,iii)water pricing,iv)manure tax,v)landfill tax,vi)tourism tax and vii)mandatory“Pay as you throw”.A bill is also subject to Parliamentary approval providing for increased deduction for capital expendit

149、ure(incurred between 2023-25)on the improvement of energy efficiency of buildings,renewable energy systems,batteries and electric vehicles.Carbon pricingJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction te

150、chnologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled mater

151、ials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingSustainability incentivesJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteE

152、missions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingEnvironmental taxesEnvironmental tax exemptionsJ=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to juris

153、diction listFind the most current version of this tracker on Contact:Simos Simou,Ioanna DrousiotiInformation current as of:1 September 2023 EY Green Tax TrackerPage 27Page 27EY Green Tax TrackerJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reduc

154、tionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLETS implementedETS under

155、considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationCzech RepublicOverviewSome sustainability tax measures are well established in the Czech Republic,but new programs are emerging to reflect EU legislation.Most measures are at the national level.Environmental taxes are administered by t

156、he Customs Administration.Other fees are collected by organizations founded by the government.Environmental taxes are focused on gas,coal and electricity,while excise duties are applied to fuels.Taxes are not levied on carbon emissions on the national level except for the participation in the EU ETS

157、.There are several sustainability incentives available,including subsidies for water conservation,energy conservation and e-mobility(such as electric or hydrogen vehicles and related technology).Currently,there are no changes in environment tax law expected,except implementation of CBAM is expected

158、according to the schedule set by the EU legislators.Carbon pricingJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAl

159、t fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCar

160、bon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingSustainability incentivesJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Ene

161、rgy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingEnvironmental taxesEnvironmental tax exemptionsJ=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listFind the most current version of this tracker on Contact:Jakub KaubaInforma

162、tion current as of:1 September 2023 EY Green Tax TrackerPage 28Page 28EY Green Tax TrackerJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,f

163、uel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationDenmarkOverviewSustainability tax progr

164、ams are well established in Denmark and have existed for many years at the national level.There are several incentives that offer grants and rebates for investments in technologies or projects that lead to energy saving,CO2reduction or stimulation of the generation of sustainable energy.The Denmark

165、carbon tax applies to greenhouse gas emissions.The tax covers fossil fuels and waste.Carbon pricingJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmissi

166、on reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery fo

167、r manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingSustainability incentivesJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative

168、 fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingEnvironmental taxesEnvironmental tax exemptionsJ=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listFind the most current version of this trac

169、ker on Contact:Anders Klinge,Mick J rgensen Information current as of:19 September 2023 EY Green Tax TrackerPage 29Page 29EY Green Tax TrackerJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and e

170、quipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under

171、considerationEgyptOverviewSustainability measures are still emerging in Egypt.The Egypt Vision 2030 is a long-term political,economic and social vision that aligns with the UN Sustainable Development Goals and includes a target to reduce energy sector emissions by 10%by 2030 compared to 2016 levels.

172、Egypt does not currently any sustainability related taxes.Currently,the focus is on providing tax incentives to projects which promote clean energy and energy sustainability.The government announced certain sustainability orientated initiatives such as a national strategy for promoting green hydroge

173、n production during COP27.In August 2023,the Egyptian Cabinet announced a law to establish a national council for Green Hydrogen and its derivatives with the aim of stimulating direct investments(including direct foreign investments)into the field of green hydrogen.In May 2023,the Egyptian Cabinet a

174、nnounced a proposed a tax credit of 33%to 50%on profits derived from investments in green energy.However,no further announcements have been made.Carbon pricingJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduct

175、ion technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled

176、 materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingSustainability incentivesJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic

177、wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingEnvironmental taxesEnvironmental tax exemptionsJ=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to

178、 jurisdiction listFind the most current version of this tracker on Information current as of:27 September 2023 Contact:Karim Emam,Jeanine DaouEY Green Tax TrackerPage 30Page 30EY Green Tax TrackerJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission red

179、uctionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLETS implementedETS unde

180、r considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationEthiopiaOverviewSustainability taxes are emerging in Ethiopia.There are no sustainability incentives or environmental taxes in effect currently and the carbon tax under consideration relates to the transport sector in Addis Ababa onl

181、y.However,Ethiopia seems to be combating GHG emissions from the land sectors such as those emissions caused by deforestation and forest degradation.Carbon pricingJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use red

182、uction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recyc

183、led materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingSustainability incentivesJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectron

184、ic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingEnvironmental taxesEnvironmental tax exemptionsJ=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn

185、 to jurisdiction listFind the most current version of this tracker on Information current as of:9 October 2023 Contact:Rachel NjugunaEY Green Tax TrackerPage 31Page 31EY Green Tax TrackerJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionCon

186、ventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLETS implementedETS under conside

187、rationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationEuropean UnionOverviewSustainability tax programs in the EU are very well established and increasing with the European Green Deal,the EUs plan to make its economy sustainable.Some measures occur at the EU level,but the majority are implemente

188、d at the Member State(MS)level and execution may vary in every MS due to different energy mixes and economy structures.Other times,a measure taken on the EU level cascades down and is complemented by a similar measure adopted by the MS(s).For instance,the plastics tax imposed by the EU on the MS wil

189、l in most EU countries be supplemented by an equivalent tax that they will in turn impose on their domestic manufacturers.The most significant focus areas are the EU Emissions Trading Scheme(cap-and-trade program)and corresponding Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism,for which the transitional reporti

190、ng period begins October 2023(see page 8).The circular economy and decarbonization incentives are also key focus areas.The Green Deal Industrial Plan,released February 2023,includes incentives for Europes net-zero industry and to support the fast transition to climate neutrality.The plan has four ma

191、in pillars:simplified regulatory environment,funding,skills and trade.Carbon pricingJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction te

192、chnologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing

193、 green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingSustainability incentivesJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles

194、 and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingEnvironmental taxesEnvironmental tax exemptionsJ=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listFind the most current version of this tracker on Contact:

195、Kasia Klaczynska Lewis,Magdalena HilgnerInformation current as of:1 September 2023 EY Green Tax TrackerPage 32Page 32EY Green Tax TrackerJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipm

196、entOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under consi

197、derationFinlandOverviewSustainability tax programs are well-established in Finland.There are many environmental taxes and fees in place,and changes to current or new excise duties are constantly under public discussion as a tool to achieve Finlands climate change policies.There are also various non-

198、tax incentives and funding schemes such as energy and investment aids available.All energy and environmental taxes are in part harmonized on an EU level(energy taxation)and/or national in Finland,and measures are both in part harmonized on an EU-level(energy taxation)and are national(e.g.,waste tax,

199、tax on beverage containers).There are also various environmental levies implemented on the local level,for example,water drainage charges implemented by municipalities.Finland is part of the EU ETS.There has been discussion of implementing a national ETS(mainly for fossil fuels used for transportati

200、on),but there is not yet any official proposal or valid political decision thereof.In Spring 2023,Finland had parliamentary elections for the next four years and the new government(as well as governments action plan)is currently being formed.At this point there is no official information on if the n

201、ew government intends to implement some sustainability-related changes in taxation and incentives.Carbon pricingJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling techn

202、ologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D

203、 machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingSustainability incentivesJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional an

204、d alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingEnvironmental taxesEnvironmental tax exemptionsJ=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listFind the most current version

205、 of this tracker on Contact:Juuso SteniusInformation current as of:15 September 2023 EY Green Tax TrackerPage 33Page 33EY Green Tax TrackerJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equi

206、pmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under con

207、siderationFranceOverviewSustainability tax programs have existed in France,mostly at the national level,since the 1990s,but have expanded in recent years.France passed an important energy and climate law in 2019 that sets ambitious environmental goals such as carbon neutrality by 2050 and a 40%reduc

208、tion in fossil fuel consumption by 2030 compared to 2012.The French environmental tax system is a behavior-based tax system,which means that it aims to change the behavior of companies and households by taxing the activities and products deemed to be the most harmful and by exempting the green econo

209、my.There are multiple taxes on energy consumption(e.g.,TICFE,TICPE,TICGN)and transportation(e.g.,Malus auto).Energy taxes also have a significant carbon component.There are multiple sustainability incentive programs,including income tax credits,accelerated depreciation and alternative funding.Carbon

210、 pricingJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fu

211、elsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green j

212、obs/trainingPlastics and packagingSustainability incentivesJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionInd

213、ustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingEnvironmental taxesEnvironmental tax exemptionsJ=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listFind the most current version of this tracker on Contact:Marguerite Trazska,Nicolas Willmann,Pouya JavadiInformation current as of:21

214、 September 2023 EY Green Tax TrackerPage 34Page 34EY Green Tax TrackerJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbi

215、nes)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationGermanyOverviewGerman sustainability tax programs are well

216、established,mostly at the national level,and more continue to emerge.Sustainability is a political focus in Germany and thus the environment is constantly evolving.There are program adjustments due to technological progress,other environmental needs and EU legislation.There are multiple sustainabili

217、ty incentives available,including grants or rebates for the purchase of qualifying goods and reduced carbon taxes or taxes on fuels in certain qualifying situations.There is a national ETS for fuels and several additional fuel and environmental taxes.The new Single-Use Plastics levy must be paid by

218、businesses who place a product in the market for the first time with first payment expected in 2025.Current government focus areas are carbon pricing,renewable energy and fuel taxes.Future possible developments include a(expanded)packaging levy,a plastic tax and change to EU and national ETS.In May

219、2023,Germanys highest administrative court ruled that localities are generally allowed to levy a local tax on disposable packaging in their urban area.It is now possible for localities to introduce plastic taxes,as the city of T bingen has done.Carbon pricingJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-e

220、fficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fue

221、l cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingSustainability

222、incentivesJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and p

223、ackagingEnvironmental taxesEnvironmental tax exemptionsJ=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listFind the most current version of this tracker on Contact:Richard Albert,Boris Scholtka,Oliver Wittig,Robert B hm Information current as of:7 September 2023 EY Green Tax TrackerPage 3

224、5Page 35EY Green Tax TrackerJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal

225、,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationGhanaOverviewNo carbon pricing measures are currently in place in Ghana.However,Ghana did introduce a

226、n environmental tax on selected plastic sub-groups,where the effective environmental tax on plastic import is less than 10%of the import value,to mitigate the use of plastic.Additionally,there are sustainability incentives in place in this country,inter alia,for the efficient usage of energy and tow

227、ard developing emissions reduction technologies.Carbon pricingJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fu

228、el(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon

229、capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingSustainability incentivesJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/

230、electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingEnvironmental taxesEnvironmental tax exemptionsJ=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listFind the most current version of this tracker on Information current as of:9 Oc

231、tober 2023 Contact:Isaac Sarpong EY Green Tax TrackerPage 36Page 36EY Green Tax TrackerJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel

232、 cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationGreeceOverviewCarbon pricingJLReduceConstr

233、uction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(

234、cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics a

235、nd packagingSustainability incentivesJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufactur

236、ing processesPlastics and packagingEnvironmental taxesEnvironmental tax exemptionsJ=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listFind the most current version of this tracker on Contact:Konstantina GalliInformation current as of:1 September 2023 There are several green measures appli

237、cable in Greece at the national level,however tax sustainability policies are still emerging.Greece participates in the EU ETS and the EU plastic tax.There are also other national plastic taxes and levies towards a circular economy,aiming to enhance the environmental awareness of both enterprises an

238、d consumers in Greece.There are incentives for the development of e-mobility to encourage a reduction in fuel emissions by switching into more environmentally friendly vehicles,as well as incentives promoting the green transition and digital transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises.EY Gr

239、een Tax TrackerPage 37Page 37EY Green Tax TrackerJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial an

240、d manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(so

241、lar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationIndiaOverviewThe power to levy tax is in hands of both Center and States in India.

242、Both apply high taxes on non-environmentally friendly sources of energy such as petrol,high-speed diesel,etc.,and low taxes on environmentally friendly products such as EVs and ethanol.The government has incentives for use of green products,e.g.,electric vehicle and scrapping old vehicles.India does

243、 not have an explicit carbon tax.Under the Energy Conservation(Amendment)Act,2022,the government notified the Carbon Trading Scheme on 28th June 2023.The objective of this scheme is to reduce or remove or avoid the greenhouse gases emissions from the Indian economy by pricing the greenhouse gases em

244、ission through trading of the carbon credit certificates.Production linked incentives announced by the government for select manufacturing sectors aim to incentivize domestic manufacturing of ACC batteries,solar panels and other qualifying activities.A Production Linked Incentive(PLI)scheme has been

245、 proposed to boost domestic manufacturing capabilities of the automobile industry,including electric and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.Carbon pricingJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technolo

246、giesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/i

247、nvestment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingSustainability incentivesEnvironmental taxesEnvironmental tax exemptionsJ=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdict

248、ion listFind the most current version of this tracker on Contact:Rajnish Gupta,Shalini Mathur,Uma Iyer Information current as of:8 September 2023 EY Green Tax TrackerPage 38Page 38EY Green Tax TrackerIndonesiaContact:Yudie P Paimanta,Benjamin Koesmoeljana,Peter Mitchell,Markus HidajatJ=Jurisdictiona

249、l level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(s

250、olar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationOverviewGreen policies are still emerging in Indonesia with no measures currently

251、 implemented at the jurisdictional or local level,though some investment tax incentives do apply to green investments.The Indonesian government has stated its intent to introduce a carbon tax.Under Indonesias Law on Harmonization of Tax Regulation,carbon emissions having a negative impact on the env

252、ironment will be subject to a minimum carbon tax which the tariff is set at the higher than or equal to the carbon market price per kilogram of carbon dioxide equivalent(CO2e).If carbon tax tariff on the carbon market is lower than IDR30.00(thirty rupiah)per kilogram of CO2e,the carbon tax tariff is

253、 set at a minimum of IDR30.00(thirty rupiah)per kilogram of CO2e.Carbon pricingJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technol

254、ogiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing gree

255、n productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingSustainability incentivesJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and

256、equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingEnvironmental taxesEnvironmental tax exemptionsFind the most current version of this tracker on Information current as of:1 September 2023 EY Green Tax TrackerPage 39Page 3

257、9EY Green Tax TrackerJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)C

258、onventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationIrelandOverviewIreland has a relatively long history of sustainability tax measures,mostly at the national l

259、evel.Ireland was one of the first countries to introduce a plastic bag tax,which came into effect in 2002 and led to a 90%decrease in the use of plastic bags.A carbon tax was introduced in 2010.There are also several sustainability incentive programs.Measures are continuing to evolve and are steadil

260、y increasing in importance.The Irish government has stated the goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 7%a year from 2021,which equates to a reduction of 51%over the decade(202130).There is also a target of meeting 70%of electricity demand by renewables by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2050.In

261、progress toward these goals,the 2023 budget increased the level of the carbon tax to 48.50,increased the carbon tax target to 100 per ton by 2030 and included additional environmental tax measures.Carbon pricingJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equip

262、ment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generatio

263、n(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingSustainability incentivesJLWater consumption,pollution and effl

264、uent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingEnvironmental taxesEnvironmental tax exe

265、mptionsJ=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listFind the most current version of this tracker on Contact:Deirdre Hogan,Ben KellyInformation current as of:22 September 2023 EY Green Tax TrackerPage 40Page 40EY Green Tax TrackerJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionW

266、aste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing proc

267、essesPlastics and packagingJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationItalyOverviewItaly has well-established sustainability taxes,programs and incentives with most of the policy decided at the national level.Italy is set to receive 37%of the EU Next

268、Generation program which will assist the country with its green transition.The use of these funds and implementation will be decided at the national level in agreement with the EU.Local jurisdictions retain some control with their own specific requirements,taxable bases and compliance obligations.Th

269、ere are several national and regional green incentives available to taxpayers,including the super-bonus incentive to convert buildings to increase energy efficiency.It is important to note the effective dates of many incentives and green benefits are in flux with some renewed on a yearly basis and o

270、thers designed as one-off programs.Other than participation in the EU ETS,there is no carbon pricing regime in Italy.There are multiple fuel taxes,however these taxes were primarily introduced to pay for extraordinary and unexpected costs.A tax on single-use plastic manufactured goods took effect in

271、 July 2021.More green taxes and incentives are expected during Italys green transition.Carbon pricingJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmis

272、sion reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery

273、for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingSustainability incentivesJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternati

274、ve fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingEnvironmental taxesEnvironmental tax exemptionsJ=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listFind the most current version of this tr

275、acker on Contact:Stefano Pavesi,Alessandra Di SalvoInformation current as of:11 September 2023 EY Green Tax TrackerPage 41Page 41EY Green Tax TrackerJapanContact:Satoru Araki J=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduc

276、tion/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlast

277、ics and packagingJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationOverviewJapan announced an ambition to become net zero by 2050,highlighting the goal as one of the governments key policy items.In this context,more carbon-related policy measures including a

278、 more substantial carbon tax are expected.Japans sustainability tax programs are still emerging.There are currently sustainability incentives that take the form of tax credits,enhanced depreciation,grants or rebates.There is a national carbon tax that applies to CO2emissions from all fossil fuels an

279、d a multitude of fuel taxes.There are two regional ETSs that apply to energy-use related CO2emissions from the industry,power and building sectors.In June 2022,Japan created a Green Transformation(GX)League with 440 companies,which is a framework for companies aiming to introduce an ETS.The GX Leagu

280、e launched an experimental voluntary ETS in September 2022 and aims to launch a voluntary ETS after April 2023.In December 2022,GX announced a roadmap for green transformation that proposes the introduction of a carbon levy in 2028.Importers of fossil fuels will be subject to a carbon tax.Carbon pri

281、cingJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsO

282、n-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/

283、trainingPlastics and packagingSustainability incentivesJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustr

284、ial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingEnvironmental taxesEnvironmental tax exemptionsFind the most current version of this tracker on Information current as of:7 September 2023 EY Green Tax TrackerPage 42Page 42EY Green Tax TrackerJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWas

285、te reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing proces

286、sesPlastics and packagingJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationKenyaOverviewSustainability taxes are only emerging in Kenya.Multiple sustainability incentives are in place,driving development in water use reduction technologies,renewable energy g

287、eneration and innovating the use of plastics and packaging.Furthermore,Kenyas environmental taxes cover electronic waste,plastics,and packaging with a tax exemption on certain types of plastics and packaging usage.The Kenyan government has created governance structures for climate change management

288、with defined roles for national and county(provincial)governments in mainstreaming and implementing climate change actions in the country.Carbon pricingJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction tec

289、hnologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materi

290、als/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingSustainability incentivesJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEm

291、issions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingEnvironmental taxesEnvironmental tax exemptionsJ=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisd

292、iction listFind the most current version of this tracker on Information current as of:1 May 2023 Contact:Hadijah NannyomoEY Green Tax TrackerPage 43Page 43EY Green Tax TrackerJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional an

293、d alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon

294、 tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationLithuaniaOverviewA wide array of sustainability taxes have been in place in Lithuania for some time now,including taxes on pollution,fuels,waste and certain plastics and packaging.Lithuania also participates in the EU ETS.More initiatives are expected in

295、 conjunction with the European Green Deal.Anticipated initiatives are expected to address:the circular economy and climate neutral economy,sustainable and accessible cities,green energy,protection and sustainable use of natural capital,sustainable agricultural,aquaculture and food production systems

296、 and society as a partner in the transformation of the European Green Deal.It is worth noting that the packaging tax applies to more than just plastic in Lithuania,for example,there are separate tariffs for cardboard packaging,wood packaging and others.Carbon pricingJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of

297、energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste

298、heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingSustain

299、ability incentivesJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlasti

300、cs and packagingEnvironmental taxesEnvironmental tax exemptionsJ=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listFind the most current version of this tracker on Contact:Irmantas Misinas,Agn Jablonskyt,Edgaras DekioriusInformation current as of:1 September 2023 EY Green Tax TrackerPage

301、44Page 44EY Green Tax TrackerJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geotherma

302、l,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationLuxembourgOverviewSustainability incentives are well established in Luxembourg.However,sustainabilit

303、y taxes and exemption policies are still emerging.A National ETS enables emissions rights to be counted and the proper performance of operators environmental obligations to be monitored.The EU Directive on the reduction of plastic products was implemented on 9 June 2022 into the national legislation

304、.All provisions will be enforceable at the latest on 31 December 2024.Luxembourg introduced a carbon tax in 2021,that is set at 30 per ton of CO2for 2023 and participates in the EU ETS.Investments in assets purchased or constructed for the purposes of protecting the environment,reducing waste or sav

305、ing energy may also qualify for a tax credit of 9%up to an investment amount of 150,000 and 4%for investments over that amount.The tax credit is also available under certain conditions and up to a determined amount for the acquisition of passenger cars with zero emissions,functioning exclusively on

306、electricity or on hydrogen fuel cells.Carbon pricingJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/

307、CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture te

308、chnologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingSustainability incentivesJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricit

309、y generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingEnvironmental taxesEnvironmental tax exemptionsJ=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listFind the most current version of this tracker on Contact:Jean-Bernard Dussert,Laura de Al

310、meidaInformation current as of:1 September 2023 EY Green Tax TrackerPage 45Page 45EY Green Tax TrackerJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,

311、waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationMalawiOverviewTo date no su

312、stainability taxes have been implemented in Malawi.However,Malawi does have some limited carbon taxation measures in place that affect motorists based on engine capacity.This is to encourage a switch to alternative fuels.Carbon pricingJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy

313、 efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Re

314、newable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingSustainability incentivesJLWater consum

315、ption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional and alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingEnvironmental ta

316、xesEnvironmental tax exemptionsJ=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listFind the most current version of this tracker on Information current as of:1 May 2023 Contact:Patrick MawireEY Green Tax TrackerPage 46Page 46EY Green Tax TrackerMalaysiaContact:Sharon Yong,Shalini R Chandr

317、arajahJ=Jurisdictional level;L=Local levelReturn to jurisdiction listJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbin

318、es)Renewable energy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationOverviewSustainability tax policies are still emerging in Ma

319、laysia.There are several green incentives available at the national level,taking the form of income tax credits,accelerated depreciation,grants and rebates.In the 2023 budget,the Malaysian government proposed that the equipment used for Carbon Capture and Storage(CCS)technology by companies undertak

320、ing CCS in-house activity or CCS services,will be given a full import duty and sales tax exemption starting from 1 January 2023 until 31 December 2027.In February 2023,the Malaysian government announced that imposition of the carbon tax is postponed for now.No future implementation date was proposed

321、.The government stated that further studies will be conducted prior to implementation and the tax will align with the governments fuel subsidy policies.Malaysia launched the nations first government-backed voluntary carbon exchange,Bursa Carbon Exchange(BCX)on 9 December 2022,with its first auction

322、taking place on 16 March 2023.The BCX is the first Shariah-compliant carbon exchange in the world.Carbon pricingJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling techn

323、ologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy generation(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D

324、 machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingSustainability incentivesJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConventional an

325、d alternative fuels(vehicles and equipment)Energy/electricity generation,distribution and consumptionIndustrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingEnvironmental taxesEnvironmental tax exemptionsFind the most current version of this tracker on Information current as of:8 September 2023

326、EY Green Tax TrackerPage 47Page 47EY Green Tax TrackerJLWater use reduction and thermal energy productionWaste reduction/recyclingElectronic wasteEmission reductionConventional and alternative fuel vehicles and equipmentOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable en

327、ergy(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)Conventional generationEnergy efficiency,industrial and manufacturing processesPlastics and packagingJLETS implementedETS under considerationCarbon tax implementedCarbon tax under considerationMaltaOverviewMalta,as a small island member state of the EU,has no separate

328、 carbon pricing regime implemented apart from the EU ETS.The amount of ETS installations is currently limited to electricity generation,as its industry is generally not very carbon intensive.Fossil fuel and electricity costs are still relatively low compared to other EU states due to certain governm

329、ent energy subsidies.There are many measures and incentives related to the buildings and transport sector as these represent major contributors to Maltas total GHG emissions.While most measures are rolled out on a jurisdictional level,certain measures target specific areas(e.g.the harbor regions).Th

330、e government also offers several incentives for companies to become more sustainable(resource efficiency)as well as embrace digitalization.There are several programs for up-and re-skilling of workers.In 2022,Malta introduced a reverse vending scheme for plastic bottles to curb plastic waste and impr

331、ove recycling.Since 2004 there is a VAT based ECO contribution on some products,which was phased out for certain products as EU rules were transposed in 2017,as well as a tourism eco-tax(per night stay).Carbon pricingJLReduceConstruction/retrofit of energy-efficient buildingsEnergy efficient process

332、 equipment(VFD,refrigeration,furnace,etc.)Water use reduction technologiesWaste reduction/recycling technologiesEmission reduction technologiesSwitchAlt fuel(EV/LNG/CNG)vehicles/infrastructureHydrogen-based fuelsOn-site generation(cogeneration,waste heat,fuel cells,microturbines)Renewable energy gen

333、eration(solar,wind,geothermal,etc.)InnovateUse of recycled materials/investment in recycling equipmentR&D machinery for manufacturing green productsCarbon capture technologies(sequestration/utilization)Green jobs/trainingPlastics and packagingSustainability incentivesJLWater consumption,pollution and effluent chargesRecycling,waste and landfillsElectronic wasteEmissions and air pollutionConvention