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1、EU POLICY WHOLE LIFE CARBON ROADMAP#BUILDINGLIFEMay 2022Report TeamLead author:Audrey NugentContributing authors:Carolina Montano-Owen Laura Pallares Stephen Richardson Miles Rowland#BuildingLife FundersContact informationWeb Twitter WorldGBC_EuropeEmail officeworldgbc.orgThe World Green Building Co

2、uncil(WorldGBC)catalyses the uptake of sustainable built environments for everyone,everywhere.Transforming the building and construction sector across three strategic areas climate action,health&wellbeing,and resources&circularity we are a global action network of over 70 Green Building Councils aro

3、und the world.As members of the UN Global Compact,we work with businesses,organisations and governments to drive the ambitions of the Paris Agreement and UN Global Goals for Sustainable Development.Through a systems change approach,our network is leading the industry towards a net zero carbon,health

4、y,equitable and resilient built environment.The Europe Regional Network(ERN)is a community of over 20 national Green Building Councils,8 Regional Partners,and close to 5,000 members across Europe.Green Building Councils in the ERN,are from both EU and non-EU countries.About#BuildingLife#BuildingLife

5、 is a project convening ten European Green Building Councils to deliver the European Green Deal.These Green Building Councils will galvanise climate action through national and regional decarbonisation roadmaps,which will tackle the whole-life environmental impacts of the building and construction s

6、ector.#BuildingLife focuses not only on the operational emissions of buildings,but also the environmental impact of the manufacturing,transportation,construction,and end-of-life phases often called embodied emissions.Tackling these emissions is essential to address the total impact of the built envi

7、ronment,and progress towards the European Green Deals aim of a climate neutral Europe by 2050.The Green Building Councils spearheading the project are:Croatia,Finland,France,Germany,Ireland,Italy,the Netherlands,Poland,Spain and the UK.#BuildingLife has received funding from the IKEA Foundation and

8、Laudes Foundation as well as from European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the European Climate Foundation.ABOUT WORLD GREEN BUILDING COUNCIL2World Green Building Council:EU Policy Whole Life Carbon RoadmapThis roadmap has been developed with the support of the following organisations:Cr

9、istina Gamboa,Chief Executive Officer,World Green Building Council“Europes buildings are a critical part of the fight against climate change.This EU Policy Whole Life Carbon Roadmap is an essential guide to why and how ambitious policy reform must catalyse the total decarbonisation of our built envi

10、ronment by 2050.We hope that the roadmap will inspire policymakers with specific,time-bound actions that they can take in the coming months and years,as well as serving as a call-to-action for all in the built environment sector.WorldGBC would like to thank the many organisations who have invested c

11、ountless hours informing and refining this truly collaborative piece of work.”World Green Building Council:EU Policy Whole Life Carbon Roadmap320222030202820262024-2025EU POLICY ROADMAP:TIMELINE OF KEY RECOMMENDATIONSThis timeline summarises the main milestones of the recommendations in the Roadmap

12、set out in this report.The milestones focus on key thematic areas of the four potential policy routes,which are explained in further detail in Section 2.Please refer to the respective sub-sections of Section 2 for a more detailed timeline of recommendations and milestones for each policy route.Visio

13、n,roadmaps&guidance Minimum energy performance standards&energy performance certificatesDatabasesWhole life carbon&Energy Performance of Buildings DirectiveEnergy Performance of Buildings DirectiveConstruction Products RegulationWaste Framework DirectiveEssential tools for circularityVoluntary secto

14、ral standardsGuidanceTender criteriaEU Procurement DirectiveNational and regional policiesTaxonomyRenovation financeOther key milestonesWaste and circularity(View full timeline)Sustainableprocurement(View full timeline)Sustainablefinance(View full timeline)Building regulations(View full timeline)4Wo

15、rld Green Building Council:EU Policy Whole Life Carbon Roadmap205020402035Vision,roadmaps&guidance Minimum energy performance standards&energy performance certificatesDatabasesWhole life carbon&Energy Performance of Buildings DirectiveEnergy Performance of Buildings DirectiveConstruction Products Re

16、gulationWaste Framework DirectiveEssential tools for circularityVoluntary sectoral standardsGuidanceTender criteriaEU Procurement DirectiveNational and regional policiesTaxonomyRenovation financeOther key milestonesWorld Green Building Council:EU Policy Whole Life Carbon Roadmap56World Green Buildin

17、g Council:EU Policy Whole Life Carbon RoadmapCONTENTS Glossary.6Section 1:Background and policy context.7Introduction.7State of the market.9Policy context.14Section 2:Defining an EU policy roadmap for whole life carbon.19Introduction.19EU policy roadmap:building regulations .21EU policy roadmap:wast

18、e and circularity.28EU policy roadmap:sustainable procurement.32EU policy roadmap:sustainable finance.34Section 3:Implementation.37Introduction.37A multi-level governance approach.37Engaging the value chain.39World Green Building Council:EU Policy Whole Life Carbon Roadmap7GLOSSARYThese definitions

19、are adapted from the World Green Building Councils Bringing Embodied Carbon Upfront report(2019).They refer to the current life cycle modules set out in European standard EN 15978:Sustainability of construction works Assessment of environmental performance of buildings Calculation method.As of 2022,

20、this standard is under review and due for completion in 2023;as such,the definitions may be updated in future.Beyond the lifecycleCarbon emissions or emissions savings incurred due to reuse or recycling of materials or emissions avoided due to using waste as a fuel source for another process(module

21、D).Consideration of module D is key for maximising resource efficient uses of materials at the end of life.Under forthcoming updates to European standards,it will be mandatory for environmental product declarations to report module D alongside other lifecycle stages in most cases,and will also be re

22、quired for building assessments.Carbon emissionsRefers to all greenhouse gas emissions.The global warming potential(GWP)of emissions is quantified in units of carbon dioxide equivalence.1 A kilogram of carbon dioxide therefore has a GWP of 1 kg CO2e.Embodied carbonCarbon emissions associated with ma

23、terials and construction processes throughout the whole life cycle of a building or infrastructure.Embodied carbon includes:material extraction and upstream production(module A1),2 transport to manufacturer/factory(A2),manufacturing(A3),transport to site(A4),construction and installation processes(A

24、5),use phase(B1),maintenance(B2),repair(B3),replacement of building components(B4),renovation(B5),deconstruction(C1),transport to end-of-life facilities(C2),processing for reuse,recovery or recycling(C3)and disposal of waste(C4).Benefits and loads from product reuse,material recycling and exported e

25、nergy/energy recovery beyond the system boundary(D)should be reported separately according to EN 15978 and associated standards(see whole life carbon).End of life carbonThe carbon emissions associated with deconstruction/demolition(C1),transport from site(C2),waste processing(C3)and disposal(C4)phas

26、es of a building or infrastructures lifecycle which occur after its use.Net zero embodied carbonA net zero embodied carbon asset is a(new or renovated)building or infrastructure asset that is highly resource efficient with upfront carbon minimised to the greatest extent possible and all remaining em

27、bodied carbon reduced or,as a last resort,offset to achieve net zero across the life cycle.1 Different greenhouse gases can remain in the atmosphere for different lengths of time,so their GWP will depend on the time period used.It is best practice to report the time period used alongside results.Div

28、ergence from the widely used GWP100(ie 100 years)should be explained.2 A forthcoming update of EN 15978 may include a new module,A0,encompassing pre-construction activities such as site preparation works.3 IEA(2021),Net Zero by 2050:A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector.Net zero operational carbonA

29、 net zero operational carbon asset is a(new or renovated)building or infrastructure asset that is highly energy efficient and powered using on-site and/or off-site renewable sources.Net zero whole life carbonA net zero whole life carbon asset(new or renovated)is highly energy efficient,with upfront

30、carbon reduced to the greatest extent possible and all remaining carbon reduced or,as a last resort,offset to achieve net zero across the whole life cycle.Operational carbonEmissions associated with energy used to operate the building or infrastructure(module B6).Upfront carbonEmissions from materia

31、ls production and construction phases(module A)of the life cycle before the building or infrastructure begins operation.Use stage embodied carbonEmissions associated with materials and processes needed to maintain the building or infrastructure during use,for example renovations.This does not includ

32、e operational carbon emitted due to heating,cooling and power,etc.Whole life carbonEmissions throughout the life cycle of a built asset(modules AC)as defined in European standards(particularly EN 15978 and EN 15804).This life cycle encompasses both embodied and operational carbon.The standards also

33、describe a module D,which outlines benefits and impacts from product reuse,material recycling and exported energy/energy recovery that is not accounted for in modules AC.Module D should always be reported separately to ensure consistent accounting;separate reporting avoids double accounting of loads

34、 and benefits if,for example,a product is reused and assessed twice in connection with the first and second use.There may be scope to count benefits beyond the system boundary towards a net zero carbon balance.Zero-carbon-ready buildingThe International Energy Agency defines a zero-carbon-ready buil

35、ding as one that is:highly energy efficient and either uses renewable energy directly,or uses an energy supply that will be fully decarbonised by 2050,such as electricity or district heat.This means that a zero-carbon-ready building will become a zero-carbon building by 2050,without any further chan

36、ges to the building or its equipment.3 8World Green Building Council:EU Policy Whole Life Carbon RoadmapSECTION 1:BACKGROUND AND POLICY CONTEXTINTRODUCTIONThis Roadmap outlines the key European Union(EU)policy interventions,regulatory measures and tools needed to achieve a decarbonised,circular,resi

37、lient and well-designed built environment by 2050.It focuses on measures to address whole life carbon(WLC)at the building level.Created as part of the#BuildingLife project,this Roadmap provides:A reference for European policymakers to guide decision-making in relation to key EU built-environment pol

38、icy packages to ensure they align with global and European climate and energy goals A resource for policymakers at national and subnational levels to understand how to harmonise multi-level governance to accelerate action on WLC A guide for anyone wishing to understand what trajectory policy(particu

39、larly EU policy)must take to ensure the built-environment sector delivers on the EU Green Deal and Paris Agreement A resource giving organisations across the sector a common position,building impetus for greater policy ambitionAs such,the Roadmap details a comprehensive set of recommendations that w

40、ill give the building and construction sector the knowledge and capacity to deliver on these policy ambitions.These recommendations include strong policy,regulatory and financial support for both demand-side and supply-chain actors.The Roadmap also clarifies the building sectors role in achieving th

41、e EU Green Deals wider climate-neutral ambitions.The Roadmap stops short of making specific product,database or technology recommendations.Issues such as the emissions trading scheme,carbon border adjustment mechanism and appliances within buildings are also outside its scope.About#BuildingLife#Buil

42、dingLife is a regional project that aims to drive decarbonisation in the building sector through private sector action and public sector policy.It is run by the World Green Building Council(WorldGBC),the worlds largest global network focused on delivering the ambitions of the Paris Agreement and UN

43、Sustainable Development Goals in the building and construction industry.4 The Davos Baukultur Quality System defines high quality as:well-designed places that change in line with societal needs while preserving their historical characteristics.It focuses on social needs and sustainable use of resour

44、ces and adds economic value.Alongside WorldGBC,#BuildingLife brings together a coalition of ten green building councils across Europe in:Croatia Finland France Germany Ireland Italy the Netherlands Poland Spain the UKThe project,which is funded by the Laudes Foundation and the IKEA Foundation,aims t

45、o support the EU Green Deal by outlining how EU and national building policy can broaden its view beyond buildings operational emissions,integrating embodied(whole life)carbon.Our 2050 vision statementAt the heart of the#BuildingLife project is a desire to galvanise support from a broad and diverse

46、coalition around a common vision for the built environment.The#BuildingLife community,including the European Leadership Forum,worked together to develop the following vision statement:“Every European citizen lives in a totally decarbonised,circular,resilient and well-designed built environment that

47、facilitates a high quality4 of life.Priorities for 2050Decarbonisation:All buildings,including existing buildings,are net zero operational carbon,and new buildings,infrastructure and renovations are net zero embodied carbon.In other words,all buildings are net zero WLCResources and circularity:A hig

48、hly resource-efficient built environment reduces our consumption of resources to a level the planet can maintain,while also helping restore resources and natural systems as part of a thriving and sustainable circular economyQuality and resilience:The built environment is designed to deliver quality,

49、healthy,equitable and resilient communities,while restoring biodiversity and eliminating air,soil and water pollution“World Green Building Council:EU Policy Whole Life Carbon Roadmap9The project builds on the WorldGBCs Advancing Net Zero Global Programme and the ground-breaking 2019 report,Bringing

50、Embodied Carbon Upfront,to put its findings and recommendations into a European context.Six work streams#BuildingLife follows WorldGBCs systemic approach to driving impact,with activities in six work streams.CollaborateTo drive collaboration,a European Leadership Forum comprised of leaders from acro

51、ss the built-environment value chain gained consensus and steered the direction of this Roadmap.A Technical Working Group was also established to provide specialist input and analysis.Both groups have been instrumental in developing this Roadmap.Special thanks go to the Buildings Performance Institu

52、te Europe(BPIE),the Environmental Coalition on Standards(ECOS),the European Environmental Bureau(EEB)and Local Governments for Sustainability(ICLEI)for their help in co-leading the development of the policy routes.In addition,ten green building councils in WorldGBCs European Regional Network establi

53、shed National Leadership Fora to work with diverse national stakeholders to develop and publish National Net Zero Whole Life Carbon Roadmaps throughout the project.To reflect the markets readiness to act on WLC,WorldGBC updated its Net Zero Carbon Buildings Commitment to incorporate WLC targets and

54、actions for signatories.This industry-led commitment clearly demonstrates to governments at all levels that now is the time for ambitious policy on WLC.AdvocateThis Roadmap advocates for the full decarbonisation of the EUs built environment and sets a clear route to delivering the EU Green Deal by h

55、arnessing the contribution of the building sector.It does so by setting out a trajectory of policy interventions from now to 2050 to catalyse decarbonisation in the following policy areas:Building regulations Waste and circularity Sustainable procurement Sustainable finance10World Green Building Cou

56、ncil:EU Policy Whole Life Carbon RoadmapProgress in these areas will be driven by greater data collection and reporting,effective multi-level governance,policy integration and support for subnational policymakers.The national roadmaps produced by the ten green building councils involved in#BuildingL

57、ife will drive sustainable building advocacy on the regional scale.To ensure these roadmaps are aligned with the EU level,a European Governments Working Group has been convened and has regular meetings with European Commission and national government representatives from across Europe.Finally,in Jun

58、e 2021,as part of the#BuildingLife project,WorldGBC sent an open letter to European policymakers,signed by organisations representing over 4,500 companies across the building-sector value chain.It called on the European Commission to ensure that key legislative files,such as the Energy Performance o

59、f Buildings Directive(EPBD),will support a WLC approach.CommunicateTo ensure the#BuildingLife project communicates its message as strongly and widely as possible,WorldGBC has been running a communications campaign since December 2020.A series of webinars,videos,op-eds and Europe-wide press releases

60、has promoted the aims and message of the project.One key goal has been to bring diverse stakeholders on board as campaign ambassadors.Over 150 individuals have joined the cause,including Members of the European Parliament,CEOs of prominent organisations and representatives from national and local go

61、vernment.All have endorsed the statement:We call on the European Commission and national governments to support#BuildingLife by committing to ambitious policies to tackle the TOTAL carbon and resource impact of our sector.5 The rate element of this project is connected to the LIFE Level(s)project.Fo

62、r more information,see Level(s)on page 17.6 IEA(2017),Global Status Report.7 European Commission(2020),Energy efficiency in buildings.8 WorldGBC(2019),Bringing embodied carbon upfront.EducateTo facilitate the transition to a WLC approach,the#BuildingLife project also seeks to educate professionals a

63、cross the public and private sectors.It is rolling out an education programme for construction professionals and companies on life cycle assessment(LCA)and life cycle cost(LCC);for product manufacturers on environmental product declarations(EPDs);and for public authorities on how to incorporate LCA

64、and LCC into their procurement processes.RateWe cannot act on WLC unless we have a clear and unified way to measure it.The rate element of#BuildingLife5 focuses on incorporating a streamlined Level(s)Reporting Framework into major green building certification schemes.This will enable the building se

65、ctor to access comparable performance data across the whole life cycle of projects and set more accurate benchmarks.Similarly,#BuildingLife aims to improve the availability of product-level data by developing or supporting open-source product LCA databases in countries with insufficient or no data f

66、or construction products.This objective builds on evidence from leading markets,such as Finland,Germany and the UK,where freely available embodied carbon and LCA data have been an important catalyst for industry action.InvestFinally,investment must be channelled into sustainable building practices t

67、hat align with our 2050 vision statement for the built environment.As part of this,members of the WorldGBC network are providing ongoing taxonomy support to the European Commission and key investor groups on how to embrace the whole life cycle perspective for the buildings sector.STATE OF THE MARKET

68、Case for actionBuildings and the construction sector contribute significantly to carbon emissions and climate change.The sector presents great untapped potential to help decarbonise the global economy while also addressing other pressing societal issues,including energy security,resilience,health an

69、d well-being.Worldwide,buildings are responsible for around 40%of carbon emissions,50%of all extracted materials,33%of water consumption and 35%of waste generated.6 Other environmental impacts include resource depletion,air,water and land pollution and biodiversity loss.In Europe,the operation(ie us

70、e)of buildings alone accounts for around 40%of all energy consumption and 36%of carbon dioxide emissions.7 Improving energy efficiency and decarbonising electricity and heat are thus key to reducing emissions in Europe.Beyond operational emissions,embodied carbon in the built environment contributes

71、 approximately 11%of all carbon emissions globally.Indeed,as operational carbon is set to reduce,experts estimate that over half of total carbon emissions from all construction between 2020 and 2050 will be upfront emissions from new buildings and,to a lesser extent,renovations,especially in Europe.

72、This provides a compelling reason to address both embodied and operational carbon and to prioritise reducing upfront emissions urgently.8“World Green Building Council:EU Policy Whole Life Carbon Roadmap11These issues are compounded by forecasted population growth.This will increase demand for floor

73、space,making greater energy and resource efficiency an even more pressing concern.The total global floor area of buildings is estimated to double by 2060,with over 50%of that increase likely to occur within the next 20 years.9 Asia and Africa will see particularly rapid growth in new buildings,while

74、 Europe faces a different challenge:an ageing existing building stock.It is thought that up to 80%of buildings that will be in use in 2050 already exist.Indeed,about 35%of the EUs existing buildings are at least 50 years old,and 97%are not efficient enough to comply with future carbon reduction targ

75、ets.The current energy crisis,aggravated by the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 provides a compelling reason for accelerating decarbonisation and energy security.Russia supplies 40%of Europes gas,and while some seek alternative energy sources,the renovation of buildings should not be ov

76、erlooked as a solution.Increasing buildings efficiency will reduce reliance on external resources,making this a cost-effective way to bolster energy security.Recognising this potential,the EU has published a plan in response to the crisis(REPowerEU).It outlines how the EU can reduce dependence on Ru

77、ssian fossil fuels before the end of the decade and replace them with stable,affordable,reliable and clean energy supplies.One focus of REPowerEU is to renovate more buildings to reduce energy consumption,double the planned deployment of heat pumps and install more smart meters.These challenges in t

78、he built environment also present opportunities,and both the public and private sectors have key roles to play in accelerating action and ambition.As more businesses act to tackle climate change,they encourage governments to advance their policies to give the private sector further clarity on the di

79、rection of travel.Public leadership(ie government)and private leadership can thereby elevate climate action through a phenomenon known as the ambition loop to deliver on the goals of the Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals.Understanding operational carbonOperational carbon refers t

80、o the carbon emitted during the operational or use phase of a building.It includes emissions from fuel and electricity use,refrigerants and certain maintenance activities.Accounting for 36%of EU emissions,this operational impact of Europes building stock is a major contributor to climate change and

81、provides an opportunity to tackle the built environments WLC.To do so,both new and existing buildings must be considered.9 IEA(2017),Global Status Report.10 BPIE(2017),97%of buildings in the EU need to be upgraded.11 IEA(2021),Net Zero by 2050:A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector.12 Material Econo

82、mics(2019),The Circular Economy-a Powerful Force for Climate Mitigation.13 WBCSD&Arup(2021),Net-zero buildings:Where do we stand?.14 Institution of Structural Engineers(2020),How to calculate embodied carbon.Europe has many old,energy-inefficient buildings.Renovating these existing buildings to make

83、 them more energy efficient can vastly reduce their operational carbon footprint,and the technology to do so efficiently and deeply already exists.10 Possible measures include installing insulation,renewable heating systems and better windows.Decarbonising buildings operations could also create jobs

84、 and tackle social issues like energy poverty.New buildings,on the other hand,can be designed to minimise operational emissions from the start,ensuring they are zero-emission buildings(ZEBs)or Nearly zero-energy buildings(NZEBs)and that they will require no future renovation work to improve their pe

85、rformance.When tackling operational carbon,however,the embodied emissions of the materials and processes used must not end up increasing the WLC impact of a building.Understanding embodied carbonEmbodied carbon emissions,which amount to 3.67 million tonnes of carbon dioxide(2019)worldwide,are attrib

86、uted to the construction,renovation,deconstruction or demolition and the wider supply chain of a building.In other words,before a building is even used,it has already contributed substantially to carbon emissions and depleted our carbon budget.As this so-called upfront carbon cannot be reduced once

87、a building starts operation,addressing these emissions is even more important if nations are to transition to zero emissions by 2050 at the latest,with substantial contributions this decade(approximately 50%reduction in global emissions by 2030).11Embodied carbon is estimated to contribute between 1

88、020%of the EUs building carbon dioxide footprint,depending on factors such as building type and construction technique and materials.In countries with low-carbon energy,the embodied share can already be as high as 50%.12 Indeed,as buildings become more efficient and the energy supply is decarbonised

89、,the relative share of embodied emissions will increase.Several factors affect the amount of carbon emitted at each stage of a buildings life cycle.13 However,in general and for new buildings,a great portion of these emissions come from the product and use stages,as shown in Figure 1.14 12World Gree

90、n Building Council:EU Policy Whole Life Carbon RoadmapFigure 1:Life cycle stages and modules according to the Standard EN 15978 and the estimated(according to the Institution of Structural Engineers)distribution of emissions for a medium-scale residential buildingFrom structural elements to finishes

91、,building products often represent the biggest contribution.This is not just because these materials are used in such great volumes but because producing them is often highly carbon intensive.The most commonly used materials in structural elements,such as concrete,steel and aluminium,are responsible

92、 for approximately 20%of emissions.15 For example,during cement production,about 60%of the emissions come from chemical reactions during processing and 40%from burning fossil fuels in the manufacturing process.16 Other common construction materials,such as glass and plastics,are carbon intensive bec

93、ause it takes a lot of energy to produce them.To reduce carbon emissions in these industries,therefore,their plants must be more energy efficient.This could be achieved through new technology and/or materials or transitioning to renewable energy,green hydrogen,waste incineration and biofuels or a co

94、mbination.Natural products,such as wood,have also benefited from low-carbon technologies and more efficient equipment in their manufacturing processes,such as carbon-free mills and energy-efficient kilns.17The industry recognises that using mature wood from sustainably managed forests in long-life p

95、roducts such as building fabric can act as a valuable carbon store.15 Architecture 2030:Why the building sector?.16 Carbon Brief(2018),Q&A:Why cement emissions matter for climate change.17 Carbon Smart Materials Palette(n.d.),Carbon Impacts of Wood Products.18 WorldGBC(2019),Bringing Embodied Carbon

96、 Upfront.19 I.Sartori,A.G.Hestnes(2007),Energy use in the life cycle of conventional and low energy buildings:a review article.Energy and Buildings 39(3)249257.See also Institution of Structural Engineers(2020),How to calculate embodied carbon.T.Ibn-Mohammed et al.(2013),Operational vs.embodied emis

97、sions in buildings:A review of current trends.Energy and Buildings 66(2013)232245.T.Ramesh,R.Prakash,K.K.Shukla(2010),Life cycle energy analysis of buildings:an overview.Energy and Buildings 42(10)15921600.Huang L.et al.(2017),Carbon emission of global construction sector.Renewable and Sustainable E

98、nergy Reviews.20 One Click LCA(2018),The Embodied Carbon Review.21 DGNB(2021),Benchmarks for Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Building Construction.However,it lacks consensus on the methodology used to calculate these products carbon storage and thus their potential for decarbonising the sector.The Eur

99、opean Commission supported by standards bodies must lead the way to bring clarity to this issue.The need for better dataA scarcity of reliable and comparable data across Europe makes it difficult to reach a consensus about the extent to which emissions can be attributed to embodied carbon in Europes

100、 building stock.However,we do know that a business-as usual scenario risks the future of generations to come.This is why,until more information is gathered and a consensus on baselines is reached,WorldGBC calls for at least a 40%reduction in embodied emissions for all new buildings,infrastructure an

101、d renovations by 203018 based on the average performance of current case studies around the world.Estimates of buildings current emissions indicate that embodied carbon could account for 1050%of the total life cycle,19 while a recent report from One Click LCA(formerly Bionova)shows that,depending on

102、 building type and location,this figure is approximately 450 kg CO2e/m.20 This corresponds to results published by DGNB,the German Sustainable Building Council,which found the average for new buildings to be around 435 kg CO2e/m(assuming a 50-year lifespan).21 World Green Building Council:EU Policy

103、Whole Life Carbon Roadmap13A similar study by Ramboll estimated the average embodied carbon for new buildings to be around 600 kg CO2e/m,where 70%of this embodied carbon is emitted upfront,and suggested that such emissions are continuing to increase.22As the One Click LCA report highlights,the numbe

104、r of certifications and regulations addressing embodied carbon has been growing and evolving rapidly.Although this is very encouraging,a lack of alignment means the emerging benchmark data appears quite variable,and best practices cannot be easily shared or adopted.With at least five different metho

105、dologies identified,this lack of comparability can cause confusion and delay action.22 Ramboll(2022),Towards embodied carbon benchmarks for buildings in Europe.23 BPIE(2021),Whole-Life Carbon:Challenges and Solutions for Highly Efficient and Climate-Neutral Buildings.24 M.Kuittinen,T.Hkkinen(2020),R

106、educed carbon footprints of buildings:new Finnish standards and assessments.Buildings&Cities 1(1)182197.25 www.co2data.fi26 M.Kuittinen,T.Hkkinen(2020),Reduced carbon footprints of buildings:new Finnish standards and assessments.Buildings&Cities 1(1)182197.27 Ibid.28 Boverket(2020),Regulation on cli

107、mate declarations for buildings.29 European Bank for Reconstruction and Development(n.d.),Green Building Investments.Similarly,Ramboll warns that robust data from different life cycle stages,building types,building elements and materials is required to ensure effective measures to decarbonise the se

108、ctor;large samples of data are missing,and existing datasets face challenges if they are to be useful for producing robust embodied carbon benchmarks.Such inconsistencies must be addressed.Whats more,all parts of the value chain must have a thorough understanding of the impact of both operational an

109、d embodied carbon data.To achieve this,European and national policymakers must mandate WLC reporting and clearly outline the methodology behind calculation,reporting,benchmarking and limits under the relevant modules of EN 15978.Table 1:EU countries with regulations to reduce embodied emissionsCount

110、ryRegulationDENMARKRegulation from 2023 sets WLC limits for new buildings,encompassing both operational and embodied emissions,based on LCA.Carbon dioxide limits will also be progressively tightened,starting at 12 kg CO2e/m per year.23 FINLANDFinland plans to announce carbon limits for different bui

111、lding types from 2025.24 It has developed an assessment method and created a generic emission database.25 FRANCEFrances RE2020 came into force in January 2022.It addresses both operational and embodied emissions,and plans for progressively tightening up carbon requirements in 2025,2028 and 2031.It r

112、equires a dynamic LCA,which weights current emissions more heavily than future emissions.26 NETHERLANDSSince 2018,new residential and office buildings have been subject to limits on whole life cycle emissions.The embodied impacts are assessed based on a national LCA method and are converted into mon

113、etary value.27 SWEDENSweden requires for the developer to prepare and submit a climate declaration for the construction of a new building from 1 January 2022.The regulated methodology according to EN 15978 is limited to modules A1-A5.Sweden has developed and launched a public generic climate databas

114、e.There are plans to introduce limit values for climate emissions from buildings before 2027 and a climate declaration with climate emissions from all life cycle stages compared to 2022.28 Barriers and opportunitiesTackling WLC both operational and embodied carbon involves numerous challenges,but it

115、 also presents opportunities.Green buildings represent a major global investment opportunity,with buildings making up the largest segment of the EUR 200 billion energy efficiency market.29 By combining a better understanding of the current needs,the proven cost-effective practices and increased fina

116、ncial incentives for green investments,organisations and cities have taken the opportunity to create more sustainable places while boosting their economy.To realise these opportunities,we must overcome barriers in key areas,as outlined below.14World Green Building Council:EU Policy Whole Life Carbon

117、 RoadmapPolicy and regulation30 Material Economics(2019),Industrial Transformation 2050:Pathways to Net-Zero Emissions from EU Heavy Industry.31 European Commission(2019),Accelerating the transition to the circular economy:Improving access to finance for circular economy projects.Voluntary schemes,m

118、andatory regulations and guidelines shape the life cycle of a building:from conception to design and end of life.They therefore have a significant impact on emissions.While certain initiatives have already promoted ambitious targets and increased energy efficiency,further supply-side policy measures

119、 are needed to encourage manufacturers to invest in new low-and zero-carbon technologies and processes.These measures could also include incentives for reusing and recycling materials.To strengthen the supply side,national governments must:(1)send consistent policy signals to minimise investment ris

120、k for private sector stakeholders;(2)introduce upskilling/re-skilling programmes to train stakeholders in the construction-industry value chain;and(3)provide sufficient technical assistance and resources to subnational governments so that they can strengthen the supply side locally,fostering both lo

121、cal value chains and employment.On the demand-side,policymakers must promote energy-efficient and resilient deep renovations with WLC assessments more widely.These measures will help accelerate action,especially in less advanced regions and sectors.To further strengthen demand,policymakers should:(1

122、)promote neighbourhood-or district-level approaches to integrated renovation campaigns;(2)help subnational governments set up and run advisory hubs(one-stop shops)that help and raise awareness among(prospective)property owners;and(3)introduce more ambitious procurement policies that embed WLC consid

123、erations,scale up ambition on deep public building renovation and implement the highest sustainability standards regarding new public building construction.Key to the success of any policy and regulation is its collaborative conception,implementation and monitoring.Policy alignment across multiple l

124、evels of governance(EU,national,regional and local)is critical to successfully delivering any new policies or regulations.Building policy and regulations directly impact homeowners and end users,so their needs,priorities and the protection of vulnerable groups must be considered when designing and i

125、mplementing policies.Policies and measures must also be aligned with and embedded in local climate and energy action plans to maximise the potential of integrated action,ensure stakeholder buy-in and boost the impact of existing medium-to long-term strategies.Awareness-raising and stimulating demand

126、A key challenge in decarbonising the sector is raising awareness and stimulating demand across the value chain.Although designers are familiar with tools for calculating and addressing low carbon,and energy-efficient measures are already widely used during the operational stage,tools for embodied ca

127、rbon are less common.For manufacturers,developing and publishing a products environmental impact data(such as EPDs)is sometimes perceived as time consuming and expensive.As a result,the supply chain struggles to deliver certified products,while the demand-side opts for materials without considering

128、the environmental impact.It is therefore essential to make it easier and less expensive to access reliable,comparable and verifiable embodied-carbon information.The finance community must also be aware of the risks they face in terms of stranded assets if the buildings they invest in or own are not

129、futureproofed now.As more innovative solutions come to the market,insurers will need to increase their awareness and update their policies to ensure they do not prevent future solutions from entering the market.Stimulating demand will also require a major shift in awareness,as well as financial ince

130、ntives and adequate,conveniently located facilities for processing materials for reuse and recycling.Major investment in skills and capacity-building across the value chain will also increase demand;without the necessary knowledge and tools,any carbon reduction strategy will struggle.To drive this,t

131、he whole sector must become more transparent,sharing solutions and best practices through networks such as green building councils.Governments can also create markets for low carbon solutions by leading by example,setting high standards for their own buildings and procurement.FinanceFor some manufac

132、turers,the cost of investing in low-carbon technologies and certification processes can be prohibitive.Estimates suggest that heavy industries such as steel and cement may need up to 60%more investment than current levels.30 Those looking to innovate with circular business models may also face barri

133、ers in accessing finance because they may be deemed higher risk when assessed using traditional financing criteria.31To reach more sectors of the building industry,therefore,it is not enough just to promote initiatives such as the EU Green Deal and the EU taxonomy.The national,regional and local gre

134、en loans,grants,subsidies and carbon pricing that can create necessary enabling conditions for such initiatives must be promoted too.Furthermore,to meet decarbonisation goals,the finance sector must develop financial products and services targeted at low-carbon projects for the buildings and infrast

135、ructure sector.Besides introducing publicly funded incentive schemes,national governments will play an important role by creating enabling conditions for the emergence of innovative private finance solutions.Subnational governments can also help de-risk private finance by functioning as a guarantor

136、or support the establishment of bankable energy-efficiency projects.Further research into the social cost of embodied carbon could strengthen the business case and help inform practice and trade-offs between life cycle stages over time.Provided they are well designed,carbon pricing and carbon market

137、s can help carbon products and services compete with their conventional equivalents.To be most effective,these mechanisms must be inclusive and flexible enough to account for technological advancements.They must also be designed and monitored to avoid carbon leakage,for example,by preventing compani

138、es from circumventing them by transferring production to a third country.POLICY CONTEXTMany policies,regulations and initiatives impact buildings and the built environment.The key relevant policies are listed below.International contextThe Paris AgreementAt COP21 in 2015,196 countries adopted the Pa

139、ris Agreement,a legally binding international treaty on climate change.It aims to limit global warming to well below 2C preferably to 1.5C compared to pre-industrial levels.Under the terms of the Paris Agreement,every five years,countries must submit nationally determined contributions(NDCs).NDCs ar

140、e essentially action plans outlining how each country will reduce their emissions and adapt to climate change.NDCs were most recently updated for COP26 in Glasgow in 2021.According to estimates from Carbon Brief,32 the actions countries are currently taking will lead to around 2.6C2.7C warming by 21

141、00.If countries meet both conditional and unconditional NDCs for the 2030 target,the projected warming by 2100 would fall to 2.4C.If countries meet their long-term net zero promises,global warming could be reduced to around 1.8C(1.4C2.6C)by 2100,but the lack of stronger commitments for emissions cut

142、s by 2030 creates a very big credibility gap.As the collective impact of the current NDCs is incompatible with the Paris Agreement,countries have been requested to update their NDCs earlier,before COP27 in Egypt.This provides an opportunity to realign with the 1.5C goal and to elevate the profile of

143、 the buildings sector in mitigating and adapting to climate change.Buildings and NDCsIn November 2021,the COP26 summit dedicated a day to cities,regions and the built environment.This iteration of COP saw positive progress,particularly with the recognition of buildings role in addressing climate cha

144、nge.Since 2015 when countries first submitted their NDCs coverage of buildings in NDCs has increased from 90 to 136 countries.Today,80 countries have developed building codes,from 62 in 2015.Yet,overall,actions are too few to drive the kind of systemic transformation needed in the built environment.

145、The inadequate coverage of emissions from the built environment in NDCs must be addressed by governments,which must also adopt robust building policies that address both operational and embodied carbon to align with the 1.5C target.The experience of recent years has taught us that governments alone

146、will not meet the goals of the Paris Agreement.Complementary to government action,several international frameworks and alliances have called publicly for harmonised and effective strategies to address buildings WLC.3332 Carbon Brief(2021),Analysis:Do COP26 promises keep global warming below 2C?.33 W

147、BCSD(2020),The Building System Carbon Framework.In 2019,WorldGBC published its Bringing Embodied Carbon Upfront report,which outlines a hierarchy of actions to optimise resources.1.Prevent:The best way to reduce embodied carbon is to avoid unnecessary new construction and prioritise renovation2.Redu

148、ce and optimise:Databases and building simulation tools can optimise building designs and renovations to minimise the use of new material and foster circularity3.Plan ahead:New buildings and renovations must integrate circular economy principles,WLC assessments and natural systems restorations,among

149、 other strategies,to mitigate end-of-life emissions4.Offset:After maximising the available techniques,technologies and resources,residual carbon emissions must be appropriately and effectively offsetAlso in 2019,the World Resources Institute published a working paper with a similar hierarchical appr

150、oach:Accelerating Building Decarbonization:Eight Attainable Policy Pathways to Net Zero Carbon Buildings for All.It explores proven,feasible pathways towards zero-carbon buildings in different countries.In 2020,the Global Alliance for Buildings and Construction published the GlobalABC Roadmap for Bu

151、ildings and Construction 20202050,which shows that cost-effective energy efficiency and decarbonisation measures in buildings could represent a third of the total reductions required achieve the Paris Agreement goals.European context:EU levelAt the EU level,several initiatives seek to accelerate the

152、 transition towards a totally decarbonised built environment based on the principles of sustainability,complete LCA,circularity and transparency.The main initiatives are included here;additional legislation is included in the annex to this report.EU Green DealPublished in December 2019,the EU Green

153、Deal sets out an action plan for moving to a clean,circular economy while restoring biodiversity,cutting pollution and reaching climate neutrality by 2050.It outlines a series of policy initiatives,including:EU Climate Law Fit for 55 Package Renovation Wave EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 EU Strat

154、egy on Adaptation to Climate Change Circular Economy Action PlanUnder the Green Deal,the EU will also provide financial support and technical assistance to those most affected by the move towards the green economy.This is called the Just Transition Mechanism.16World Green Building Council:EU Policy

155、Whole Life Carbon RoadmapEU Climate LawThe European Commission presented its proposal for the first European Climate Law in March 2020;its adoption in June 2021 legislated the EU Green Deals goal for Europes economy and society to be climate neutral by 2050.To achieve this ambitious target,the Commi

156、ssion has committed to:Reduce EU greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions by at least 55%(compared to 1990 levels)by 2030 Adopt a 20302050 EU-wide trajectory for GHG emission reductions By September 2023,and every five years thereafter,assess consistency of EU and national measures with the climate-neutrality o

157、bjective and 20302050 trajectoryFit for 55 packageThe Fit for 55 package is a set of proposals seeking to make the EUs climate,energy,land use,transport and taxation policies fit for reducing net GHG emissions by at least 55%(compared to 1990 levels)by 2030 in line with the Green Deals climate-neutr

158、ality goal.Energy Performance of Buildings DirectiveAs part of Fit for 55s recalibration efforts,the EPBD is being updated.It currently covers a range of policies to help national governments boost buildings energy performance and improve the existing building stock.The proposed revisions,published

159、in December 2021,include introducing mandated WLC for all new buildings from 2030 and a ZEBs concept,as well as the staged introduction of minimum energy performance standards(MEPS).It also set out plans for energy performance certificates(EPCs)to be harmonised across Member States by 2025 and the i

160、ntroduction of building renovation passports(BRPs)by the end of 2024.Circular Economy Action PlanThe Circular Economy Action Plan(CEAP)aims to prevent waste and keep resources used in the EU economy for as long as possible.Construction and buildings is a crucial topic of the plan,which considers ini

161、tiatives along the life cycle of products.In March 2022,the Commission presented measures that had previously been promised under the CEAP,including a proposal for an Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation and the revised Construction Products Regulation(see Annex).Waste Framework DirectiveIn

162、 2023,the European Commission will update the Waste Framework Directive(WFD).This update is expected to foster circularity by setting waste reduction and minimum material recovery targets,although the level of ambition remains to be seen.EU taxonomyTo drive progress on the financial side,legislation

163、 on the uniform classification of sustainable investments(taxonomy)came into law in June 2020.The taxonomy sets various criteria across different categories for determining which financial products and investments can be declared sustainable.On 9 December 2021,the Commission published the first dele

164、gated act on sustainable activities for climate change mitigation and adaptation.Within the buildings sector,it aims to apply clearly defined taxonomy criteria to new buildings,renovation measures and acquiring/owning buildings.By applying performance thresholds,investors can identify which activiti

165、es are environmentally friendly and where performance needs improving.Ultimately,it will help grow low-carbon sectors and decarbonise high-carbon ones.In future,finance and investments marketed as green will need to be explained using the taxonomy criteria.This will help the market determine whether

166、 an underlying economic activity is contributing to climate objectives.Level(s)The voluntary reporting framework,Level(s),developed by the Commission,is key to delivering the EUs overall ambition of climate neutrality.It provides a set of common indicators and metrics for measuring the environmental

167、 performance of office and residential buildings,taking into account their full life cycle.It focuses on six areas:GHG emissions;resource efficiency;water use;health and comfort;resilience and adaptation;and cost and value.Each indicator is designed to link a buildings impact with its sustainability

168、 priorities at a European level.As such,Level(s)users can focus on a manageable number of essential concepts and indicators for their building while contributing to EU and Member State environmental policy goals.World Green Building Council:EU Policy Whole Life Carbon Roadmap17European context:Natio

169、nal levelAt the national level,as shown in Table 2,European countries have developed a range of strategies to help their building sectors decarbonise.However,the table also reveals stark differences in countries levels of ambition,with many having yet to form a strategy to tackle the full life cycle

170、 impact of their buildings.34 Data sources:https:/climateactiontracker.org,https:/www.climatewatchdata.org unless specified otherwise.35 Government of Belgium(n.d.),Belgiums long-term strategy.36 Ministry of Construction and Physical Planning(2014),Proposal of the Long-Term Strategy for Mobilising I

171、nvestment in the Renovation of the National Building Stock of the Republic of Croatia.37 Ministry of Foreign Affairs(n.d.),Global Climate Action Strategy.38 Ministry of the Environment(2021),Climate-neutral Finland by 2035.39 Minister for the Ecological and Inclusive Transition(2017),Governments Cli

172、mate Plan.Table 2:Targets and initiatives for reducing carbon emissions in Europe,by country34CountryTargets*Policy initiativesBELGIUMCarbon neutrality by 2050.35 Mandatory national LCA for state government buildings Net zero 2050 initiative Supporting policies include regulatory instruments for bui

173、lding envelope,heating fuel switch,appliance efficiency,renewable electricity and materialsCROATIAReduce carbon dioxide GHG emissions by 80%in the building construction sector by 2050.36 Integrated energy and climate plan for 20212030,promoting NZEB standard in construction and refurbishment and int

174、roducing measurable indicators to make existing building stock climate neutralDENMARKReduce GHG emissions by 70%by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050.37 National strategy for sustainable construction,including carbon dioxide limit values for new buildings from 2023 Mandatory national life cy

175、cle carbon limits on new buildings to be introduced in 2023FINLANDCarbon neutrality by 2035.38 LCA method and generic emission database for products and materials,energy sources,modes of transport and other processes such as site operations Mandatory national life cycle carbon limits on new building

176、s(from 2025)FRANCECarbon neutrality by 2050.39 2050 National Low-Carbon Strategy(carbon-neutral law)Fully decarbonise energy production by 2050;halve energy consumption through energy efficiency;increase and safeguard carbon sinks;promote carbon capture and storage,technologies and products from the

177、 bio-economy Mandatory national life cycle carbon limits on new buildings from 202218World Green Building Council:EU Policy Whole Life Carbon RoadmapCountryTargets*Policy initiativesGERMANYReduce GHG emissions by 65%by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2045.40 Federal Climate Change Act Climate

178、Action Plan 2050,outlining the roadmap for almost climate-neutral building stock,including regulations to improve energy efficiency and funding heating systems based on renewable energy sources kobaudat(open source database and LCA platform for buildings)National LCA requirement for federal governme

179、nt buildings Public funding for sustainability measures;mandatory life cycle GHG emissions and primary energy limit values(since July 2021)HUNGARYCarbon neutrality by 2050.41 National Energy and Climate Plan National Clean Development Strategy 20212027 Partnership Agreement,Operational Programmes an

180、d Hungary Recovery and Resilience Plan(proposes to increase budget of energy efficiency programmes and distribute funds more effectively;partially adopted)IRELANDReduce GHG emissions by 7%each year between 2021 and 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050.42 National Energy and Climate Plan 202120

181、30 Proposals include:stricter requirements for new buildings and substantial refurbishments;public buildings to have a B Building Energy Rating(BER)by 2030;a third of commercial(and mixed-use)buildings to have a B BER(or carbon equivalent gains)by 2030;600,000 heat pumps installed between 2021 and 2

182、030NETHERLANDSReduce GHG emissions by 49%by 2030 and 95%by 2050.43 Mandatory national life cycle impact limits on new buildings Amsterdam to be fully circular(new buildings and products by 2023;renovations by 2025)New houses environmental performance more stringent from 2021 Uniform assessment metho

183、d for circular measures(upcoming)Performance requirements progressively more stringent,ultimately halved by 2030NORWAYTransition to a low emission society with a GHG emissions reduction of 90-95%by 2050.44 Roadmap for property sector to be carbon neutral by 205045 New climate strategy to reduce GHG

184、emissions by 55%by 203046 Banning fossil fuel heating systems;phased in since 2016 and in full force since 202047 40 Climate Home News(2021),Net zero by 2045 after landmark court ruling.41 Climate Home News(2020),2050 climate neutrality goal set in law.42 Climate Home News(2021),Climate bill to set

185、2050 net zero goal in law.43 Government of the Netherlands(2019),The Climate Act and the National Climate Agreement.44 Norway Ministry of Climate(2021),Act relating to Norways climate targets.45 Norway GBC(2016),The Property Sectors roadmap towards 2050.46 European Commission(2022),EU-Norway Press S

186、tatement on Climate.47 ECOS(2021),Member States ambition to phase out fossil-fuel heating an analysis.World Green Building Council:EU Policy Whole Life Carbon Roadmap19CountryTargets*Policy initiativesSPAINReduce GHG emissions by 23%by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality and circular economy by 2050.

187、48 Climate law approved Plans for electricity system to be 74%renewable by 2030 and to ban all new coal,oil and gas extraction projects LTRS2020 to reduce the final energy consumption of the residential sector by 37.3%by 2050 with respect to 2020 Climate-change law:Reduction of Materials Carbon foot

188、print in discussionSWEDENCarbon neutrality by 2045.49 Climate law(Klimatlagen 2017:720)Climate declaration for new buildings 2022 modules A1-A550 Climate declaration full life cycle before 2027 Limit values for climate emissions from new buildings before 2027 Climate declaration from refurbishment u

189、nder investigationUNITED KINGDOMReduce GHG emissions by 78%by 2035.51 Net zero WLC Roadmap from the UKGBC Mandatory Greater London Authority requirement for new projects Industrial decarbonisation strategy Strategies to reduce demand for energy include improving resource and energy efficiency and gr

190、eener societal choices48 European Parliament briefing(2021),Climate action in Spain.49 Ministry of the Environment and Energy(2017),Swedish climate policy framework.50 Boverket(2021),Climate declaration for new buildings.51 Department for Business,Energy&Industrial Strategy(2021),UK enshrines new ta

191、rget in law.52 IPCC(2017,p.25),Summary for Policymakers.53 See The Paris Climate Agency.54 Urban Environment Publications(n.d.),Helsinkis Roadmap for Circular and Sharing Economy.55 C40(n.d.),Clean Construction Declaration.*Targets have 1990 baseline unless stated otherwise.Subnational leadershipSub

192、national governments must lead the way when it comes to tackling the WLC impact of their buildings,not least because urban areas are responsible for 7176%of global energy-related carbon dioxide emissions.52 Municipal governments can do so in various ways,such as public procurement,as well as overarc

193、hing net zero targets that include the built environment through ambitious renovation and green building targets.Below are some examples of cities that have started to act.In 2018,Paris implemented the embodied carbon requirements of the French national buildings standard before the rest of the coun

194、try.53 Since then,new buildings have had to be assessed across the whole life cycle of the building:from material choices to end of life.Since 2020,Helsinki has included circular economy requirements in its demolition contracts.The Finnish capital requires that a minimum of 70%of waste generated on

195、site is recycled or reused,and that materials including metal,glass,wood,concrete and brick must be source-separated and recycled.The city also aims to integrate LCA into construction procurement for building and infrastructure projects by 2025.54As a signatory of the C40 Clean Construction Declarat

196、ion in 2020,Budapest aims to reduce embodied carbon emissions by at least 50%for all new buildings,infrastructure projects and major renovations by 2030 and is striving for at least 30%by 2025.It also aims for all construction sites across the city to be zero emission by 2030.5520World Green Buildin

197、g Council:EU Policy Whole Life Carbon RoadmapSECTION 2:DEFINING AN EU POLICY ROADMAP FOR WHOLE LIFE CARBONINTRODUCTIONAchieving the vision outlined in Section 1 requires major adjustments to buildings design,construction,operation and end-of-life phase.No single policy can implement this shift:syste

198、mic change is needed,involving all actors in the building sector.Our recommendations are outlined in this section.Overview of the potential policy routesVarious mechanisms can be applied to achieve a decarbonised built environment.The recommendations in this report have been broken down into four cr

199、oss-cutting and complementary policy routes.1.Building regulationsUpdating building regulations to tackle the full environmental impact of the built environment is a crucial way to mandate low-carbon construction for new builds and renovation.These regulations dictate the standards to which building

200、s must be constructed and renovated across Member States as well as what data must be reported.They should respect the energy efficiency first principle to address the built environments operational impact and support a move towards addressing WLC.A regulated move to a WLC approach would transform h

201、ow all building value-chain actors plan and deliver projects.2.Waste and circularityAs the building sector accounts for an estimated third of Europes total waste footprint,EU policy must also go further to tackle the waste generated during the construction and end-of-life phases of a building.Using

202、regulation to mandate a shift towards a construction ecosystem that embraces circularity will help decarbonise the entire building life cycle through increased resource efficiency.3.Sustainable procurementSustainability decisions regarding many building projects rest with public procurers.EU policy

203、should enable these entities to be the sector vanguard,leading the way in adopting the tools and methods needed to decarbonise the built environment.The updated Energy Efficiency Directive(EED)highlights the opportunity public procurers have to use Level(s)metrics to assess WLC.This is the first ste

204、p in driving market demand for these new solutions,but more work is needed.Designers,construction companies and manufacturers that have already embraced a WLC approach would stand to benefit.4.Sustainable financeAs financial assets,buildings are at serious risk from climate change,both physically an

205、d from the potential economic impact of changing regulations.Introducing financial mechanisms that support sustainability would provide a powerful tool for improving the environmental and economic sustainability of Europes building stock.Importance of an integrated approachAs the EU policy framework

206、 evolves to consider circularity and WLC,it must recognise the synergies and interdependencies between the policy routes as outlined in this Roadmap.Only by looking at the built environment in a truly systemic way can we address its full impact.Integrated policymaking and implementation will require

207、 the engagement of a broad range of stakeholders,including subnational governments,businesses,NGOs,research institutions and representatives from community groups.Furthermore,current policies that impact buildings are often targeted at different points in the building life cycle and overlook interde

208、pendencies,as shown in Table 3.World Green Building Council:EU Policy Whole Life Carbon Roadmap21Table 3:Scope of various EU regulatory and non-regulatory measures against the building life cycleLifecycle stagesModulesEU policy instrumentsEPBDEEDCPREcodesignWFDGPPETSLevel(s)TaxonomyPRODUCTIONA1 Raw

209、material supply(*)(*)(*)-(*)A2 Transport(*)(*)(*)-(*)(*)A3 Manufacturing(*)(*)(*)-(*)CONSTRUCTIONA4 Transport(*)(*)-(*)(*)A5 Construction installation process(*)(*)-(*)USEB2 Maintenance(*)(*)(*)-(*)B3 Repair(*)(*)(*)-(*)B4 Replacement(*)(*)(*)-(*)B5 Refurbishment(*)(*)(*)-(*)B6 Operational energy us

210、e-(*)END-OF-LIFEC1 Deconstruction(*)(*)-(*)C2 Transport(*)(*)-(*)(*)C3 Waste processing(*)(*)(*)-(*)C4 Disposal(*)(*)(*)-(*)BEYOND LIFED Reuse/recycle(*)(*)(*)-(*)“”partially covered,“”fully covered,(*)under revisionSource:BPIE Whole-life Carbon:Challenges and solutions for highly efficient and clim

211、ate-neutral buildings.22World Green Building Council:EU Policy Whole Life Carbon RoadmapNo single solution can achieve a decarbonised built environment;the future EU policy framework must consider policies(and enabling tools)to address the impact of buildings more systematically.Local and subnationa

212、l governments key roles in securing a climate-neutral and resilient transition for Europes built environment must not be overlooked.Effective multi-level governance is key to accessing their full potential,and overcoming their obstacles,56 European Union(2019),Comprehensive study of building energy

213、renovation activities and the uptake of nearly zero-energy buildings in the EU.57 See NDC Partnership.58 See Eurima.by integrating subnational contributions into overarching goals and strategies while optimising vertical and horizontal institutional arrangements(see Section 3).Effective co-designed

214、and co-implemented regulations,policies and initiatives are needed for Europe to become a carbon-neutral continent by 2050.Recommendations and tools that can help deliver this systemic change are outlined below under the four policy routes.EU POLICY ROADMAP:BUILDING REGULATIONS Building regulations

215、are an effective policy route to mandating a low-carbon trajectory for new construction and renovation.At the EU level,the EPBD is the single most important legislative tool available for tackling the built environments climate impact.The EED is also an important legislative tool as it requires reno

216、vation of buildings in the public sector,which can show the way to a low-carbon building stock.These directives should evolve rapidly to include additional requirements on minimising the WLC footprint of buildings.Until very recently,policy measures to decarbonise Europes building stock have focusse

217、d primarily on energy efficiency and reducing emissions from the operation of Europes building stock.Among these measures have been requirements for new buildings and for Member States to develop long term renovation strategies for existing buildings.However,so far average performance improvement ra

218、tes remain very low at just 9%and 16%energy efficiency gains for residential and commercial renovations,respectively.56 To achieve a climate-neutral Europe,regulation must tackle sources of building carbon emissions from all parts of the life cycle.On the operational side,energy demand must be reduc

219、ed as much as possible,meaning new construction must be highly energy efficient and the renovation of existing buildings to improve their energy performance must be prioritised.The current EU renovation rates of 1.2%to 1.4%are insufficient to achieve the Paris Agreement goals and the rates must incr

220、ease to 3%to 5%per year.57 A renovation rate of 3%is considered economically attainable without shortening the normal renovation cycle and unnecessarily increasing costs for households,businesses or governments.It is key that building regulations promote higher renovation rates at a sustainable pace

221、.58 The regulatory landscape must also tackle sources of building carbon emissions from other parts of the life cycle.This involves quantifying the embodied carbon of the manufacturing,transportation,construction,renovation and end-of-life phases of built assets and setting targets to reduce these G

222、HG emissions.For new builds with the highest energy efficiency standards,and therefore low operational energy needs,embodied carbon becomes the most significant area of carbon emissions over the buildings lifetime.EU policymakers must implement WLC metrics and thresholds to bring building policies i

223、n line with long-term carbon neutrality goals.As not all carbon emissions are related to energy,simply making a building energy efficient will not necessarily mean it is a zero carbon emissions building.Accounting for embodied carbon emissions at a building level would create greater demand for low-

224、carbon materials.Defining zero-emission buildingsThe ZEB concept proposed in the recast EPBD currently only refers to buildings operational performance.However,to reach carbon neutrality goals,all buildings must evolve to be net zero WLC.The Commission must therefore outline how ZEB definitions,base

225、d on the energy efficiency first principle,will go beyond the NZEB and current proposed ZEB ambitions to ensure that energy and carbon metrics(based on the Level(s)framework)are complementary and support the 2050 goal of net zero WLC new building infrastructure and renovations.The net zero WLC build

226、ings definition should clarify the boundaries and scope of emissions under EN 15978.This definition must be supported by guidance and principles to harmonise Member States approaches and to enable comparisons across the EU.Introducing whole life carbon targetsThe EU will simply not meet carbon neutr

227、ality goals unless WLC targets are introduced for all buildings.We recommend that the Commission establish WLC targets in line with its decarbonisation trajectory;however,we have not indicated limit values for these targets due to lack of available data.Therefore,our Roadmap recommends urgently coll

228、ecting the WLC data so that benchmarks for different building types can be established and WLC limit values can be integrated into EU and national policy frameworks.Buildings Performance Institute Europes recent How to Embed Whole Life Carbon in the EPBD report provides a guide for aligning with the

229、 decarbonisation trajectory.As stated in the report,there is an urgent need to fill those data gaps and develop an EU-wide WLC trajectory aligned with science-based pathways.An illustrative example of how these targets could look is shown in Figure 2.World Green Building Council:EU Policy Whole Life

230、 Carbon Roadmap23Figure 2:Indicative timeline of introducing net zero whole-life carbon requirementsSource:Roadmap to climate-proof buildings and construction How to embed WLC in the EPBDMinimum energy performance standardsMEPS are essential to reaching EU climate goals.By implementing minimum stand

231、ards that can be increased over time,MEPS provide a key tool for guiding stakeholders through the deep renovation journey and enabling the delivery of net zero WLC.If the implementation of MEPS leads to deep-staged renovation,as opposed to deep renovation carried out in one go,they must be introduce

232、d alongside BRPs.To ensure the building stock is fully decarbonised by 2050,MEPS must be aligned with the Commissions decarbonisation trajectory and incorporate progressive performance standards.The Commission should also commit to assessing the feasibility of adding WLC metrics to MEPS once widespr

233、ead reporting exists.A vision for energy performance certificatesThe current EPC framework is not fit for purpose.It must be improved and harmonised so that homeowners and other stakeholders have accurate and accessible information about their buildings projected and actual performance.To be equally

234、 useful for all stakeholders,EPCs building data should be more comprehensive.For policymakers,designers and other stakeholders,EPCs provide a useful calculated asset rating figure,but this should be complemented with real data about buildings measured energy consumption.Providing real-time informati

235、on on home performance would empower building owners and occupiers to model and project the impact of building improvement on the EPC rating,thus enhancing their decision-making.New EPC updates should also be required at key points in a buildings life,such as when renovation work takes place and whe

236、n a property is sold or rented.The ongoing EPBD revision must outline how to make the current EPC framework more robust,reliable and trustworthy.The use of EPCs within the EU taxonomy criteria makes it even more important that they are harmonised across the EU.This will also increase their reliabili

237、ty and accuracy as design tools.In addition to the indicators proposed in the revised EPBD,EPCs must also require disclosure of WLC data for new builds.A Fit for 55 approach to dataTo deliver the recommendations outlined in this Roadmap,outdated aspects of the current policy framework must be update

238、d.Clarity is needed on how to consolidate and future-proof initiatives and policies.24World Green Building Council:EU Policy Whole Life Carbon RoadmapHarmonisation and standardisationThe performance and comparability of WLC calculations currently vary between Member States.A consistent and harmonise

239、d approach to quantifying,reporting and setting thresholds is needed to enable a solid basis for enforcing and setting accurate WLC targets.The Commission must develop guidance on how the Level(s)framework will be used to develop relevant measures,including how to harmonise WLC calculation,reporting

240、,benchmarking and limits under the relevant modules of EN 15978.Further,some governments have little incentive to regulate WLC as it is based on consumption(ie emissions from manufacturing and transport of imported products),whereas overall EU climate targets and most national targets are based on p

241、roduction(ie emissions in the country).This anomaly must be tackled to give Member States a clear picture of emissions contributions,on both a production and consumption basis,and to incentivise them to act on this.DatabasesAs data is key to implementing the recommendations in this Roadmap,the devel

242、opment of open-source databases at EU and Member State level must be a priority.Data collection will help improve data-source consistency,address disparities between Member States,align approaches to calculating carbon,provide benchmarks for different building types and enable the setting of WLC lim

243、it values.Data in Individual Climate Action Roadmaps can populate WLC databases at the national level and inform WLC benchmarks.Linking these databases to a central database for all buildings in the EU will facilitate a harmonised and open data system enabling comparability of WLC figures across Eur

244、ope.Building level Individual Climate Action Roadmaps act as a central repository for all relevant building data.National level The EPBD mandates that Member States establish open-source databases with the information in Individual Climate Action Roadmaps being used to populate national WLC database

245、s.EU level EU-level database with information from national databases enables the setting of EU-wide benchmarks and WLC targets.At a Member State level,National Building Climate Action Roadmaps should replace long-term renovation strategies so all buildings both current and future are covered by nat

246、ional roadmaps compatible with the EUs goal of climate neutrality by 2050.These roadmaps must:State the impact of the national building stock on national carbon emissions Outline a trajectory to net zero WLC for all buildings by 2050 Verify that WLC limits for all buildings are aligned with a net ze

247、ro trajectoryThese plans must be continuously monitored and verified.For EU-wide comparability,the framework of indicators developed via the BUILD UPON project should be the blueprint for the common template of specific data and indicators.At a building level,Individual Climate Action Roadmaps,incor

248、porating BRPs,should be required for all buildings to ensure that both current and future buildings have a plan to achieve net zero WLC.These roadmaps must outline:How progressively tightened MEPS can help operationalise the pathway to climate neutrality Measures for reducing WLC emissions Expected

249、energy savings,GHG emission reductions,health and comfort benefitsThe Commission must clarify how digital building logbooks can support these roadmaps and act as a common repository for all relevant building data based on EPCs,Level(s),material passports,etc.National Climate Action RoadmapsIndividua

250、l Climate Action RoadmapsDataWorld Green Building Council:EU Policy Whole Life Carbon Roadmap252022-2024TIMELINE OF RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION 2022-2024A clear vision Establish a clear vision of how building stock will help meet EU climate goals,set out its contribution to carbon emi

251、ssions and reduction targets for 2030 and 2040,and align with trajectory for net zero WLC by 2050 Outline a long-term vision for how the EPBD will boost and sustain building renovation,mandate staged disclosure of buildings embodied carbon and operational emissions(WLC),and integrate circularity Pro

252、vide guidance on how WLC limit values for buildings align with the decarbonisation trajectory up to 2050 and establish provisions for revising policies if necessary Clarify how measures will complement the transition to a net zero WLC building stock to ensure it is resilient to climate change impact

253、s and can meet future needsGuidance Specify how the Level(s)framework will provide common principles from which to develop relevant measures and harmonise calculation,reporting,benchmarking and limits to WLC under EN 15978 Clarify the methodology for calculating carbon storage and facilitate discuss

254、ions to gain consensus on its role in decarbonisation Provide a timeline to clarify how ZEBs,as defined in the recast EPBD,will evolve to cover net zero WLCMEPS Outline mandatory MEPS and a timeline for their achievement in line with net zero emissions by 2050 Ask Member States to develop National C

255、limate Action Roadmaps by 2024 in line with EU climate objectives,going beyond long-term renovation strategies and covering all buildingsEPCs Indicate a clear process for updating EPCs to help harmonise and validate performance to increase reliability and improve asset rating calculation with measur

256、ed building performance.Mandate that:(1)final energy demand,primary energy demand and WLC in EPCs are reported and(2)that EPC databases must report calculated and measured energy performance26World Green Building Council:EU Policy Whole Life Carbon Roadmap2022-2024 CONTINUED59 Major renovation,as de

257、fined by the EPBD.Climate Action Roadmaps National Climate Action Roadmaps must include milestones to ensure all buildings are net zero WLC by 2050 Require Individual Climate Action Roadmaps for all buildings;these must articulate how MEPS can contribute to climate neutrality(see box on Climate Acti

258、on Roadmaps)Databases Signal that Member States must develop open-source databases on calculated and measured energy performance and GHG emissions of building stock to contribute to an EU-wide database or network of databasesWLC Update EPBD to facilitate a pan-European approach based on Level(s)for

259、reporting operational and embodied carbon metrics:Operational carbon metrics should be based on high-quality asset ratings and in-use verified energy consumption data,if available,or on realistic estimates Embodied carbon metrics can be based on bills of materials and measured or estimated energy co

260、nsumption for relevant stages of the life cycle(eg construction,transportation and demolition)Emission factors for operational and embodied carbon assessments should be robust and high quality,ideally based on a recognised national database EPBD requires Member States to assess and disclose informat

261、ion on WLC metrics for all new constructions and major renovation 59 EPBD mandates pre-demolition auditsWorld Green Building Council:EU Policy Whole Life Carbon Roadmap272025-2050BY 2025EPCs Must report on WLC for new,public and larger non-residential buildings Must report on operational emissionsDa

262、tabases Develop an open-source database or network of databases that can be linked to Member State databases and provide guidance on how to align themClimate Action Roadmaps Roadmaps must be established to:help implement MEPS;phase out worst-performing buildings;facilitate low-carbon refurbishment a

263、nd avoid lock-ins Member States roadmaps must be compatible with the EUs 2050 climate-neutrality goal,as well as the 2030 and 2040 milestones Member States roadmaps must align with their targets for new buildings and long-term climate objectives and be monitored by transparent,national-level mechani

264、smsBY 2026Databases Member States must have launched open-source databases linked to the EU-wide databaseWLC All new buildings must be zero operational emission buildings;they must also assess and disclose information on WLC Member States must have set national targets and WLC limit values(per squar

265、e metre)for new public and all large buildings and major renovationsBY 2028Guidance Evaluate progress against decarbonisation trajectory defined by the Commissions WLC Roadmap and highlight any necessary policy and regulation adjustmentsMEPS Revise MEPS threshold to ensure alignment with decarbonisa

266、tion trajectoryNational Climate Roadmaps Member States must update their roadmaps and extend their scope to cover WLC for existing buildings and provide evidence that their trajectory is compatible with the 2030 and 2050 objectives28World Green Building Council:EU Policy Whole Life Carbon RoadmapBY

267、2030Guidance Propose a framework for sustainable buildings which guides policies that address buildings WLC and broader sustainability issues All new ZEBs are already net zero operational carbon and their evolution to net zero WLC by 2050 is clearly outlinedMEPS Revise MEPS threshold to ensure align

268、ment with decarbonisation trajectoryClimate Action Roadmaps Member States must update their roadmaps and prove their trajectory is compatible with the 2030 and 2050 EU climate objectives;if they are not,key indicators and milestones should be reviewed and adaptedDatabases Member States are using dat

269、a in Individual Climate Action Roadmaps to increase reliability of building-level databases(linked to EU database)WLC Member States must set national targets and WLC limit values(per square metre)for all buildings and major renovations EPBD revision in 2028 evaluates progress towards decarbonisation

270、,highlighting adjustments for policies and regulations for further alignmentBY 2040MEPS Revise MEPS threshold so that it aligns with decarbonisation trajectoryClimate Action Roadmaps Member States must update their roadmaps and prove their trajectory is compatible with 2050 EU climate objectives;if

271、they are not,WLC limit values must be reviewed and loweredWLC Embodied and operational carbon limits must be continually reviewed and lowered in line with 2050 WLC Roadmap and national goalsBY 2050 Entire building stock will be net zero WLCWorld Green Building Council:EU Policy Whole Life Carbon Roa

272、dmap29EU POLICY ROADMAP:WASTE AND CIRCULARITYThe buildings sector is responsible for a third of Europes waste and half of its extracted materials.60 The waste generated includes leftover construction materials,remnants of demolished buildings,packaging and other debris.EU policy must do more to tack

273、le this environmental impact.Central to this will be developing policies that enforce and encourage greater circularity and increased resource efficiency.60 RICS(2021),Is Europe ready for the circular economy?.The end goal of such policies will be to design waste out of the construction value chain

274、and end the sectors reliance on finite resources.The first step is for these policies to enable and catalyse a major increase in the reuse of construction products and materials,with high-quality recycling of construction and demolition waste.Optimised building material standards and legislation for

275、 how to deal with materials on site and at end of life will also be required.These policies must be supported by measures that stimulate market demand so that reusable and secondary materials are accepted.Conveniently located and adequate reuse and recycling facilities(including required technologie

276、s)will be essential.Box 1:Circularity in the Level(s)frameworkThe Level(s)framework provides guidance for putting circularity into practice under objective 2(efficient and circular material life cycles),under which four indicator areas assess the most important opportunities for improving resource e

277、fficiency and circularity:2.1 Bill of quantities,materials and lifespans2.2 Construction and demolition waste and materials2.3 Design for adaptability and renovation2.4 Design for deconstruction,reuse and recyclingThe above indicators use existing practices and standards/metrics.They should be consi

278、dered a useful and substantive basis for promoting practices and setting targets under these policy routes.Overarching circularity indicators are also now being standardised by ISO,with a construction sector framework and indicators under development.See Level(s)section on page 15.Regulatory tools t

279、o address circularityCircularity is a cross-cutting issue in the building value chain.It can be integrated into the following EU policy instruments:The EPBD and the Construction Products Regulation(CPR)(see Section 1 and the annex,respectively)can set requirements on circularity performance(informat

280、ion on proper dismantling,reusability,recyclability,recycled content and in-use requirements)at both the building and product level.The Waste Framework Directive(WFD)deals with prioritising and applying waste prevention and treatment measures to increase the efficiency of resource use(including sett

281、ing end-of-waste criteria for materials).The EU Public Procurement Directive and relevant Green Public Procurement(GPP)criteria can also require circularity requirements to be included to specify higher reuse of materials,minimum recycled content and the design approaches to be followed.However,this

282、 is highly reliant on the integration of product and building design standards.The EUs updated New Industrial Strategy prioritises digitalisation under the Construction Sector Transition Pathway to allow the storage of essential data about products and buildings,thus making their reuse and circulari

283、ty more feasible.Circularity in the Energy Performance of Buildings DirectiveIntegrating circularity requirements into the EPBD will help address building WLC,drive circularity and deliver on the goals of the CEAP.The EPBD should be used to help Member States and regional authorities set and impleme

284、nt circularity requirements.Introducing such requirements will help increase the share of circular products in construction projects and the reuse of in-situ building elements.A first step could be to propose that Member States set ambitious,specific and separate measurable national targets for reus

285、e and recycling by 2030.Corresponding guidance for Member States should include recommendations for national targets based on commitments to double the circular material use rate by 2030 under the CEAP.Guidance should recommend that national targets include separate targets for secondary and recycle

286、d materials,with the targets integrated into national building renovation plans to reflect the EUs long-term vision on circularity.30World Green Building Council:EU Policy Whole Life Carbon RoadmapSustainable and circular productsThis Roadmap focuses on the building level rather than the product lev

287、el,but driving circularity at the building level requires accurate product performance information.To foster the use of sustainable products and ensure value chains are more circular,this Roadmap supports the introduction of appropriate information requirements on product composition.To facilitate m

288、arket entry of secondary materials,a standardised solution to exchanging product and material data between relevant actors in the value chain is needed.Such data will help foster circular building design and the use of buildings as material banks.So-called product passports which would contain infor

289、mation on product lifespans,potential new-use scenarios,localisation and availability could be used to meet this need.DigitalisationDigitalisation plays a key role in addressing WLC and enabling circularity.Individual Climate Action Roadmaps will be important in consolidating various instruments tha

290、t provide information about a building,including digital building logbooks and BRPs.Consolidating this data in one place will maintain essential building,system,product and material information covering all life cycle stages.Building-level information can then be linked to local,national and EU data

291、bases,as described in the earlier section on databases.Standards in the construction industryConstruction industry standards provide greater reliability and consistency in terms of product or material quality,compatibility and compliance through defined common specifications,methods procedures and d

292、ata exchange protocols.The construction industry has product-and building-level standards to drive circularity.These standards will be crucial in the transition to a decarbonised and circular built environment.Building levelAt the building level,the most common standard is EN 15978,which specifies t

293、he calculation method,based on an LCA and other quantified environmental information,to assess a buildings environmental performance.The Level(s)framework refers to this standard,which applies to new and existing buildings and refurbishment projects.Product levelAt the product level,EN 15804 provide

294、s guidance on core product category rules relating to EPDs for construction products and services.It also enables data and outcomes to be integrated into building-level assessments supported by EN 15978.To ensure closer alignment with the Commissions Product Environmental Footprint(PEF),EN 15804 has

295、 been updated to EN 15804+A2.61 BPIE(2021),Addressing the hidden emissions in buildings.Further consistency improvements and a common European LCA database would minimise technical differences and harmonise aspects such as format,modelling and data quality.Further information on such issues can be f

296、ound in BPIEs EPD factsheet.61Standards to drive circularityThe transition to a circular economy must be supported by harmonising and optimising these standards to help market actors implement circular economy practices throughout building life cycles and optimise sufficiency,reuse and high-quality

297、closed-loop recycling processes of buildings constituent elements.Standards for measuring circularity must include minimum reusability and recyclability performance requirements,alongside standards for measuring and validating products and materials reusability.They must also establish quality asses

298、sments to facilitate secondary materials re-entry to the market.As more reused products enter the market,the industry must be assured of their safety and efficacy.To achieve this,reused products must be accompanied by a certification mechanism.This will not only ensure their quality but also help li

299、nk them with reuse targets.Standards bodies and the European Commission must lead the way towards consensus and clarity on the methodology used to calculate carbon storage and the potential of renewable materials.The European Standardisation Organisations and the International Organization for Stand

300、ardization are currently standardising circularity indicators,including indicators specific to the construction sector.Standardised indicators and practices will be a useful and substantive basis for promoting practices and setting targets under the relevant policy routes.Basing EU procurement and l

301、egislative requirements on these standards would also help unblock national-level bottlenecks preventing circular low-carbon products from being adopted at the EU and national levels.Alongside driving circularity,considering virgin and secondary materials within building standards can help prevent l

302、and-use change and biodiversity impacts in the supply chain.World Green Building Council:EU Policy Whole Life Carbon Roadmap312022-2050TIMELINE OF RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION2022-2024EPBD Provide guidance to Member States and regional authorities for setting and implementing circulari

303、ty requirements in building regulations that must increase over time to drive maximum resource efficiency by 2050.Establish a timeline for introducing these requirements into EPBD,aligned with timeline for introducing WLC targetsCPR Mandate provision of functional and environmental product informati

304、on and establish how to inform sector about reusing products and materials Help relieve national-level bottlenecks that prevent adoption of circular and low-carbon productsWFD Establish how to reach EU targets for reducing construction and demolition waste(C&DW)by:Investigating targets for the separ

305、ate collection of key material streams Investigating targets for the reuse of construction products of appropriate quality for the intended application Investigating setting targets for closed-loop recycling of construction materials Introducing a landfill ban for non-hazardous waste and set out a t

306、imeline for introduction of an incineration ban on C&DW including a calendar for phasing out energy recovery of C&DW;safe handling or recycling solutions should be explored for hazardous fraction,with incineration as last resort Amending existing recovery targets to prevent Member States from report

307、ing sub-optimal recovery activities(including waste-to-energy and backfilling operations)as part of their 70%target Essential tools for circularity Provide guidance on the creation of localised circular supply chains Develop key standards and protocols for circularity,including certification mechani

308、sms to validate safety and efficacy of reused materials Encourage use of Level(s)resource and circularity indicators in procurement32World Green Building Council:EU Policy Whole Life Carbon RoadmapBY 2026EPBD Evaluate progress on integration of circularity requirements in the EPBD and Renovation Wav

309、e and potential of mandatory minimum requirement at building level to drive progress and help to reduce WLCWFD Require Member States to implement EU C&DW protocol Introduce more EU-wide end-of-waste criteria to support uptake of secondary input materials and safe reusable products Mandate disclosure

310、 of waste product and material information on reusability,recyclability and traceability Mandate construction product and material take-back schemes for components that can either be collected and repacked or recovered for recycling Establish national and regional extended producer responsibility sc

311、hemesEssential tools for circularity Mandate harmonisation of EU standards and develop certifications based on Level(s)framework Harmonise calculation methods,including verification and monitoring obligations,for accounting of recycled and reused materials Promote circularity in insurance market by

312、establishing and promoting certificates for responsibly sourced,reused and recycled materials BY 2030EPBD Tighten circularity requirements in EPBD to increase share of circular products in construction projects and of reuse of in-situ building elementsCPR Integrate minimum thresholds on reusability,

313、recyclability and other circularity performance indicators linked to mechanisms to ensure appropriate quality for the intended useWFD Mandate full implementation of EU C&DW protocolBY 2035WFD C&DW requirements are strengthened List of waste streams covered by EU end-of-waste and by-product criteria

314、is expanded EU-wide model established for sorting,separate collection and labelling of C&DW Regional and national extended producer responsibility systems in placeEssential tools for circularity Further harmonisation of EU standards Finalisation and adoption of full suite of legal and voluntary stan

315、dards for circular economy;in the insurance market,establish certification for responsibly sourced,reused and recycled materials,ensuring quality and suitability for reuseBY 2040WFD Strengthened to increase circularity of value chains and facilitate use of secondary materials from C&DWVoluntary sect

316、oral standards Integrate several sectoral standards covering circularity,resource efficiency and waste in key EU policiesEPBD Further tightening of circularity requirements to increase share of circular products in construction projects and of reuse of in-situ building elements BY 2050EPBD Circulari

317、ty requirements delivering a highly resource-efficient built environmentWFD National-level regulations eliminate C&DW;demand for building materials met by circularity and efficient use of existing resources Sectoral standards support harmonised,environmentally robust practices,helping meet key EU ta

318、rgets2022-2050EU POLICY ROADMAP:SUSTAINABLE PROCUREMENTProcurement provides an excellent route for a top-down shift in the way and terms on which public authorities engage the buildings sector in construction projects.European procurement must move towards a model with sustainability and circularity

319、 at its core,enforced disclosure of WLC emissions and progressively stricter emissions targets.The vision set out in Section 1 requires that all publicly procured projects be net zero WLC well before 2050.In this vision,public authorities will be first-adopter role models embracing tools such as the

320、 Level(s)Framework and third-party verified environmental data for products to facilitate the multi-actor collaboration and large-scale thinking necessary to deliver a net zero carbon built environment.Public procurement is an important driver for broader market transformation,and the recommendation

321、s in this section aim to harness its clear leadership role to model sustainable best practice.Multi-level action is required,with a focus on revising the EU Procurement Directive and drawing inspiration from some of the best practices developed by leading countries and cities across Europe.TIMELINE

322、OF RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION2022Guidance Expand GPP criteria to cover all public buildings.It should:Integrate Level(s)framework,particularly WLC and circularity indicators(see box 1,page 28)Offer GPP training to build procurers capacity to implement WLC and circularity principles O

323、utline how carbon limit values for public buildings will be integrated into EU procurement rules Explain how public procurers should help establish localised secondary material market supply chains for the construction sectorTender criteria Update the Commissions tender criteria to include:Mandatory

324、 reuse assessment and pre-demolition audits to encourage reuse/refurbishment Reporting of Level(s)indicators on WLC and circularity(see box 1,page 28)Third-party verified environmental data on key materials to start building databases and enable benchmark setting MEPS based on EPCs and the final ene

325、rgy demand of buildings,with an obligation to achieve progressively more ambitious levels Requirement to reuse and recycle construction products34World Green Building Council:EU Policy Whole Life Carbon RoadmapBY 2025EU Procurement Directive Requires all new public buildings to be positive energy(in

326、 operation),with service-/performance-based energy contracting and district integration where possible Mandates WLC limit values for all public buildings for new construction and major renovations Incentivises take-back schemes for building systems,lighting,furniture and promotes technology systems-

327、as-a-service and energy-performance-based contracting Stipulates that all tenders include sustainability/circularity criteria based on Level(s)Requires all buildings to undergo reuse assessment to discourage demolition Requires all buildings to undergo pre-demolition/deconstruction audits and share

328、data across value chain Introduces minimum requirements in new construction and renovations so a percentage of products/materials from demolition can be reused/recycled Minimum requirements for products/materials in public projects to be reused/reusable and recycled/recyclable Applies minimum requir

329、ements for new building design and large renovations Mandates reporting and checking of environmental performance criteria in design,delivery,commissioning and verification to close the performance gap Outlines criteria to award contracts based on LCC or total cost of ownership instead of capital co

330、sts Outlines criteria that encourage use of regionally and sustainably sourced secondary materials and/or minimal heavy transport Outlines criteria for awarding contracts based on lower embodied carbon through transition towards zero emissions construction machinery and materials transportBY 2030EU

331、Procurement Directive Ensures that award criteria based on Level(s)circularity indicators are more heavily weighted Mandates that new and existing public buildings be net zero WLC by 2035 Tightens WLC limit value for all public buildings in line with net zero goals Makes WLC and material circularity

332、 focal points in heavily weighted environmental criteria Reduces absolute demand for new construction by allocating appropriate financing and risk/responsibility between stakeholders and supporting the sharing and flexible programming of built spaceGuidance EU and national procurement strategies use

333、 Level(s)framework to account for trade-offs and weigh environmental performance and quality in an integrated wayBY 2040National and regional policies Procurement policies stipulate that building systems are integrated into urban districts and the wider built environment,with shared responsibility and widespread use of product-as-a-service and performance-based contracting models,effective mainten