《世界經濟論壇：2024貿易科技：催化創新洞察報告（英文版）（25頁）.pdf》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關《世界經濟論壇：2024貿易科技：催化創新洞察報告（英文版）（25頁）.pdf（25頁珍藏版）》請在三個皮匠報告上搜索。

1、TradeTech:Catalysing InnovationI N S I G H T R E P O R TJ A N U A R Y 2 0 2 4Supported by the Ministry of Economy of the United Arab Emirates and Abu Dhabi Department of Economic DevelopmentImages:Getty Images,MidJourneyIn collaboration with IBM Corporation 2024 World Economic Forum.All rights reser

2、ved.No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,including photocopying and recording,or by any information storage and retrieval system.Disclaimer This document is published by the World Economic Forum as a contribution to a project,insight area or intera

3、ction.The findings,interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are a result of a collaborative process facilitated and endorsed by the World Economic Forum but whose results do not necessarily represent the views of the World Economic Forum,nor the entirety of its Members,Partners,or other stak

4、eholders.ContentsForeword 3Executive summary 41 The path to TradeTech 52 Regulation and business-to-government relationships 92.1 Future public-private collaboration 113 Logistics information sharing 123.1 Future logistics information 144 Trade finance 154.1 Future trade finance 175 Supply chain sus

5、tainability 185.1 Future sustainable supply chains 196 Realizing the TradeTech vision 20Contributors 23Endnotes 24TradeTech:Catalysing Innovation2ForewordGenerative AI shocked the world.What would TradeTech need to do to similarly grab the worlds attention?How about if it decided what to trade?How t

6、o trade?With whom?What if technology autonomously financed that trade?Manufactured products and moved them itself?And did so faster,quicker,and more cost-effective than ever before?That is not the future.It is the present.Yet trade still has one foot in the past.Robots are doing paperwork.Drones nee

7、d rubber stamps.The TradeTech initiative is about stepping both feet into the future.Human creativity is needed.Trade is global but is also for the individual.Enveloping trade in a sea of information swells a tidal change in environmental and social performance,all along the supply chain.Mastering t

8、rade information generates unprecedented efficiency and accuracy and even uncanny predictive power.Trade-as-a-service democratises trade.The United Arab Emirates,a steeped in ambition and non-stop innovation country,has been chosen as the dynamic hub for this endeavour.But the effort is global trade

9、s future evolution demands a sense of collaboration,common ownership,and joint endeavour from the furthest reaches of the globe.Traders and technologists,investors and logisticians,policy makers,and entrepreneurs all are coming together to hurtle the trade ecosystem into a new era.Join us!Ahmed Jasi

10、m Al Zaabi Chairman,Abu Dhabi Department of Economic DevelopmentBrge Brende President,World Economic ForumThani bin Ahmed Al Zeyoudi Minister of State for Foreign Trade of the United Arab EmiratesTradeTech:Catalysing InnovationJanuary 2024TradeTech:Catalysing Innovation3Executive summaryThe TradeTec

11、h Global initiative strives to revolutionize trade by leveraging innovative technologies to streamline trade processes and foster a more efficient,inclusive,sustainable and equitable trading ecosystem.Realizing this vision is more easily said than done.Along the global trade value chain,numerous cou

12、ntries,companies and organizations collaborate in the production and distribution of a single good or service.The complex webs of interactions involved in global trade complicate efforts to optimize the systems operation.When supply chain participants try to maximize only their own self-interest,the

13、 outcome is frequently suboptimal and can lead to significant inefficiencies and missed collective goals.Some of the most promising innovations of recent years distributed ledger technology,robotics,artificial intelligence,machine learning,automation and the internet of things(IoT),for example offer

14、 step-change opportunities for global trade.The transformative potential of these technologies cannot be realized,however,unless diverse members of the trade ecosystem collaborate on their deployment.This document does not present a lengthy list of examples of TradeTech deployment or scenarios for f

15、uture development.Rather,it concentrates on how to accelerate ecosystem development.The TradeTech Global initiative articulates a vision for how diverse interests in the trade community can work together sharing costs,hedging risks and directing substantial investments to achieve technological trans

16、formation.It fills a gap in global collaboration by linking entrepreneurs and investors with regulators and established industry leaders,fostering open dialogue and engagement.The initiative focuses initially on four areas seen as ripe for transformation:logistics,trade finance,carbon reduction and

17、trade compliance.Multistakeholder dialogue on these topics has generated three basic takeaways:Takeaway 1:Commercial actors will need to find ways to collaborate to overcome network barriers and first-mover costs.Takeaway 2:Enabling regulations and proactive governance are essential to facilitating

18、the exchange of information and creating an environment of trust.Takeaway 3:Catalytic collaborations and pilot projects are needed at multiple stages of technology introduction to accelerate testing,demonstration and scale-up.Future TradeTech could link economies more efficiently,sustainably and inc

19、lusively.TradeTech:Catalysing Innovation4The path to TradeTech1TradeTech bridges the gaps that emerge as innovators,industries and regulatory agencies respond to technology opportunities.TradeTech:Catalysing Innovation5Bridging the gaps requires incubating innovation,leveraging coalitions and updati

20、ng regulation to build sustainable and inclusive trade.This report articulates the TradeTech vision of a new landscape to support technological change in trade.Utopian and dystopian visions for the future of trade abound.In one scenario,the world is consumed by climate disasters and political upheav

21、al as regions fragment into rival trading blocs.Supply chain disruptions and trade wars that intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic become normalized,protectionism intensifies and the world misses out on the potential economic gains from trade.In an opposing scenario a utopian technological future

22、 robot labour moves goods seamlessly across borders,without any human intervention.Information about the goods in transit bills of lading,customs authorizations and insurance documents,for example glides effortlessly to each entity that needs it,including owners,transporters,lenders and regulators.T

23、he information is transferred through harmonized,integrated platforms and systems.Technology provides cost-effective tools to track CO2 emissions and incentivize sustainable supply chains.Globalization thrives and GDP soars.As these caricature visions of utopian and dystopian futures suggest,technol

24、ogy is likely to have expansive and transformative impacts on global trade in the coming years.The potential upsides of intelligent technology adoption are vast.The International Chamber of Commerce(ICC)suggested in 2021 that within five years,digitalizing the trade ecosystem could increase trade ac

25、ross the G7 by nearly$9 trillion.1 Humans have an astonishingly poor track record of predicting the future of technology.Attempts to imagine how innovation will impact societies tend to yield better science fiction than actionable insights.Predictions of the future trajectory of global trade,which s

26、pans industries and continents,are unlikely to perform well.Nonetheless,the absence of information-sharing and collaboration presents a barrier to positive change.Companies adopt new technologies when convinced that their benefits outweigh their costs.However,positive externalities from trade techno

27、logies are unlikely to be seized without coordination.Indeed,vested interests stymie even changes that would benefit the majority of actors in the system.The TradeTech approach is to encourage stakeholders to coalesce on shared technological visions,solutions and standards.The world does not have th

28、e luxury of time the risks of inaction are substantial.In a business-as-usual scenario,it is likely that technological developments will further fragment international supply chains through the lack of interoperability,creating disproportionate barriers for smaller operators to gain traction in new

29、markets.Digitalization convoyFIGURE 1Journey todigital maturityIf an ecosystem partner(e.g.start-up)goes too fast,the connection with the rest of the ecosystem will break.In isolation,this player will then lose relevance or pivot to other industries.The rate at which these large and key players digi

30、talize will determine how fast the total ecosystem can achieve digital maturity.Actors that do not have the infrastructure or capital to keep up,such as a small and medium-sized enterprise(SME)in a developing country,will likely be left behind.Ecosystem participants such as carriers,ports,customs,fr

31、eight forwarders,shippers,banks and their digital challengersCommunication range Overlapping circles=participants are connectedConnectedRisk of being disconnectedDisconnectedSource:World Economic Forum The absence of information-sharing and collaboration presents a barrier to positive change.TradeTe

32、ch:Catalysing Innovation6A convoy analogy of the TradeTech Global initiative would show slower or weaker participants in the ecosystem being encouraged and supported to catch up,while shared signals and intelligence help market development.Not all members of the trade ecosystem will innovate and ada

33、pt at the same speed,of course.In fact,asynchronous development is a good thing:different time scales allow smaller,nimbler operators to compete,piloting and fine-tuning technological approaches before innovations are deployed at larger scales.However,the model recognizes that visionary innovations

34、often need to connect to a larger ecosystem.While a start-up can pioneer a brilliant technological breakthrough,its innovations are most impactful when able to scale through links to other players.Improving trade links between developed and developing markets and industry participants is a priority

35、for the initiative not least because of the growing diversification of global trade.Small businesses in developing countries,as well as their government administrations,often lack the necessary infrastructure and access to capital to fully embrace technological innovation.How can TradeTech accelerat

36、e the benefits of technological adaptation for all members of the trade ecosystem?What steps are needed to promote innovation by and for small-and medium-sized businesses?There is no dearth of entrepreneurial activity.Numerous projects have been launched in recent years to support the exchange of sh

37、ipping data,for example,or improve visibility in supply chains.However,many have foundered in a sceptical and competitive industry.The TradeTech initiative follows a different model.It does not propose specific solutions itself but seeks to sustain a supportive ecosystem and help innovators grow cri

38、tical scale across industries and geographies.The evolution of TradeTech is progressing towards three horizons.2 The first horizon delineates low-risk initiatives to highlight potential,leverage existing technology and help developing markets and slower industry players take the basic digitalization

39、 steps to unlock further progress.The second horizon addresses the need to scale coalitions and address governmental and intergovernmental levers.The third horizon focuses on projects that require greater investment and synchronization.The TradeTech initiative has focused its initial work,reflected

40、in part in this report,on the first horizon.This work has prioritized creating an impartial platform for members of the trade and technology communities to highlight the possibilities of and identify challenges to technological renewal.It champions pilot projects to demonstrate the benefits of emerg

41、ing technologies.In 2024,TradeTech will focus on developing Horizon 2 strategies to experiment with innovative technology and policy frameworks to begin to scale innovations that can inform Horizon 3 development.Three horizons of digitalizationFIGURE 2Horizon 3 projects wield immense potential to re

42、volutionize the industry and sustain digital trade ecosystem value.They build upon the foundational work of horizons 1 and 2.The initiative executes select projects from all horizons simultaneously,adapting the focus as needed over time.TradeTech Initiative:Paving the way for global digital trade pa

43、rticipationAchieving complete digital integration by leveraging start-ups and corporate solutions for a unified and transformative trade ecosystemImpactType of innovationObjectiveTradeTech project examplesTime horizonCurrent focus30%70%Horizon 3Transform withdisruptive tech-Innovate business and dat

44、a exchange models-Capitalize on novelty and synergies-Trade data platform-Sustainability platform-Digital ports and customs-Green trade corridorsHorizon 2Test&integrateemerging techHorizon 1Optimize with existing tech-Create sandbox to test potential and capture value-Curate promising TradeTech solu

45、tions-Cultivate thought leadership-Bolster awareness-Engage venture capitalists and funders-Proofs of concept with corporate partners-Accelerate/incubate start-ups for the regulatory sandbox-TradeTech Forum-TradeTech community sessions-Annual reportHigh risk-rewardLow risk-rewardLong-termShort-term

46、TradeTech seeks a future of trade that is accessible and transparent and enables opportunities for diverse players.TradeTech:Catalysing Innovation7The trade community has an opportunity to imagine a world where trade facilitates human well-being,inclusivity and sustainability.This vision is not just

47、 about harmonizing and accelerating the uptake of new technologies it is about imagining and planning collectively how to use new tools and platforms to broaden access to global trade,which can enable greater prosperity for communities around the world.The barriers to operationalizing these changes

48、are vast.The global trade ecosystem includes diverse players from Latin American customs officials to African agricultural exporters to multinational banks and their needs and challenges related to technology range considerably.TradeTech seeks a future of trade that is accessible,transparent and opp

49、ortunity-enabling for these diverse players.In some cases,TradeTech calls on sophisticated new technologies such as distributed-ledger platforms.In other cases,it involves harnessing more foundational technology,such as by making regulatory modifications to permit digital documents.Reforming legal c

50、odes for data storage might not seem as dazzlingly futuristic as automating warehouses or using artificial intelligence(AI)to manage supply chains.Yet broadly deploying basic TradeTech tools is important in building a just and sustainable trade ecosystem.Surveys,interviews and dialogue with several

51、hundred practitioners from the TradeTech community have revealed the initial priorities regarding TradeTech needs and challenges upon which this report is based.Phytosanitary certificates are official documents to confirm that shipments of plants and plant products being traded internationally are f

52、ree of pests and diseases and therefore safe to import.Until recently,these certificates were always physical paper documents that were transferred between different parties by post,courier or other physical means.These paper certificates can take days to obtain and are prone to errors,loss and coun

53、terfeiting.This slows down trade and,at worst,results in spoiled goods,additional demurrage charges and frustrated customers and governments.The ePhyto Solution,developed by the International Plant Protection Convention,allows countries to electronically exchange electronic phytosanitary certificate

54、s(ePhytos)with each other through a central hub,quickly,accurately and at low cost.The risk of loss,damage or fraud to the certificate is greatly reduced,as is the administrative burden on both border agencies and businesses.The Global Alliance for Trade Facilitation helps developing countries intro

55、duce the system.The collaborative nature of the project also paves the way for countries to exchange other types of data with trading partners.CASE STUDY 1The Global Alliance for Trade Facilitation ePhyto roll-outInitial TradeTech Global initiative prioritiesFIGURE 3NeedsChallengesRegulatory and doc

56、umentary processesNetwork effects and vested interestsSupply chain planning and coordinationRestrictive regulationTrade financeTrustSustainabilityInclusivityTradeTech:Catalysing Innovation8Regulation and business-to-government relationships2Future TradeTech could link economies more efficiently,sust

57、ainably and inclusively.TradeTech:Catalysing Innovation9The current international trade governance architecture is broadly split between the geopolitical and legal framework of the World Trade Organization(WTO)on the one hand and the World Customs Organizations building of technical standards on the

58、 other.There are multiple ongoing efforts to construct regulatory bridges.The WTO Joint Statement Initiative on Electronic Commerce,for instance,has touched on topics related to trade facilitation and the digital economy.Other forums,such as the G20,Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC),Organisati

59、on for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)and Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity(IPEF),have explored related issues.Bilateral and unilateral government actions have tested a variety of soft law approaches to encourage TradeTech development.Given the rapid development of technolog

60、y and the desire to leverage these different regimes,members of the global trade community need to engage in forward-looking dialogue focused on the practical delivery of technology-enhanced trade.To a certain extent,the WTO Trade Facilitation negotiations filled this gap for an earlier era.An updat

61、ed dialogue is now needed,with greater participation from members spanning the TradeTech business ecosystem.While the private sector can handle many aspects of technology development,underlying issues such as legal digital identity,liability and computational law need government involvement.The gate

62、keeper role of governmental border agencies in international trade flows means that reporting and regulatory compliance requirements have a determining role in the standards and formats of trade information flow.In Australia and the United Kingdom,to cite two examples,roughly 30 different government

63、 agencies share responsibility for the border.Each of these agencies retains jurisdiction over important dimensions of trade.Implementing new technologies in such cases requires more than just updating software and digitalizing traditionally paper-bound records.It requires capacity building,the whol

64、esale reimagining of some compliance practices,and a willingness to experiment with new regulatory models and conditions.Efforts to digitalize and streamline border processing through national single windows,which centralize documentation requirements under a digitalized platform,still have a long w

65、ay to go.When the United States created such a platform in 2016,it streamlined processes that previously required the submission of more than 250 forms to nearly 50 agencies.The partially centralized platform reduced waiting times at border crossings by one-third.3 One study found that the presence

66、of such streamlined trading windows could increase bilateral trade by nearly 40%.4 But despite the potential benefits of the single-window example,most countries have not adopted them let alone taken the logical next step of connecting with others to create a seamless experience across borders.In th

67、e absence of state action,private sector solutions have emerged to facilitate company compliance with documentation requirements.But regulatory modernization remains essential.For example,in many jurisdictions,converting trade documentation to an electronic format raises questions about legal validi

68、ty as an“original”document and what“possession”of documents looks like in an electronic environment.Clarifying these policy questions and regulatory ambiguities would facilitate faster and more widespread technology adoption.Legal initiatives such as the Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records

69、demonstrate the feasibility of reform.5 As a further example,the widespread use of 3D printing would necessitate new approaches to traditional customs responsibilities,such as identifying origin,protecting intellectual property and collecting value-added tax(VAT).The value of TradeTech to government

70、 agencies is high.Digital declarations help reduce errors and speed the movement of goods.AI applications are helping with customs classifications,automated verification and compliance monitoring.Technology-enabled transparency for sustainability and supply chain due diligence or to prevent counterf

71、eiting can differentiate best performers from bad actors in the trade ecosystem.Biometric technology can combat identity fraud and security breaches.Public-private collaboration on all these issues at a global level is overdue.For maximum inclusivity,it is essential to not forget that low-cost and h

72、igh-speed digital and mobile access remains a prerequisite for developing country communities to engage with TradeTech.The global trade community needs to engage in forward-looking dialogue focused on the practical delivery of technology-enhanced trade.TradeTech:Catalysing Innovation10Ports play an

73、outsized part in the movement of global goods:90%of worldwide trade is conducted via sea.AD Ports Group is pivotal in realizing Abu Dhabis vision to lead as a trade and maritime hub and enhance trade competitiveness,in line with efforts to diversify the economy.AD Ports Group embarked on a digital t

74、ransformation journey almost a decade ago.It launched the pioneering Maqta Port Community System(mPCS)in the United Arab Emirates,which an Emirati-majority workforce developed and managed.mPCS streamlined port operations by integrating numerous stakeholders and end-users through an intuitive,mobile-

75、responsive,single-window interface that enables secure and standardized information exchange.The track-and-trace system operates in real-time to increase transparency for authorities and customers alike.Authorities have information on goods entering the country prior to their arrival;customers have

76、up-to-date information about their transactions.These insights boost the ability of the United Arab Emirates to trade with the rest of the world.The services the system offers for container,general cargo and cruise ships have encouraged 100%adoption among all commercial seagoing vessels.Maqta Gatewa

77、y continuously enhances mPCS through the introduction of new modules and features that simplify payments,license management,gate management,container grading and more.mPCS links to 11 ports and 54 private jetties,allowing ship routes to be tracked before departing from original destinations.It conne

78、cts 26 shipping lines and supports intermodal transport,unlocking the potential of seamless trade.mPCS has logged 197,800 vessel entries,recorded more than 91 million transactions across all stakeholders and eliminated 1 million tonnes of carbon emissions.Since its launch,the interface has processed

79、 over 20 million TEUs(twenty-foot equivalent units)of container cargo.Its modular,multi-tiered structure built on cloud-based infrastructure with secure data exchange layers has paved the way for the systems integration with the countrys key trading nations evidence of its interoperability.The impac

80、t of mPCS in modernizing Abu Dhabis trade through its multi-modal model has pushed the boundaries of traditional port community systems,giving impetus to worldwide opportunities.The group is exporting mPCS to more international locations,starting with Jordan,and is orchestrating international virtua

81、l trade corridors that could transform the nature of global trade.CASE STUDY 2TradeTech solution Maqta Gateway(mPCS)Technology can support piecemeal improvements in global trade and a comprehensive digital transformation that offers more inclusive and sustainable pathways to promote economic growth.

82、Realizing this vision for business-government collaboration requires participants to overcome three of the most pressing challenges in the field.The first challenge is in harmonizing international policies and systems.Without collaboration to coordinate the development of new policies,progress in Tr

83、adeTech will be slow and uneven.Evidence of such fragmentation abounds:regulators in the United States recently flagged a free logistics platform used in shipping and port management as a tool that could allow a foreign government to gain“insights into shipping information,cargo valuations via custo

84、ms clearance forms,and destination and routing information.”6 US lawmakers have proposed bills banning US ports from using the platform.7 Geopolitical tensions can complicate the pursuit of interoperability and these risks heighten the need for trusted,unbiased intermediaries to play a leadership ro

85、le in building coalitions and facilitating collaboration.Undoubtedly,reducing vulnerability to cybersecurity attacks can improve the willingness of trade participants to innovate.Digitalizing sensitive information can leave firms vulnerable to new forms of online attacks.Protecting stakeholders agai

86、nst such attacks represents a significant challenge for the future of TradeTech.The second challenge is in growing collaboration between regulators and TradeTech users and developers as it is vital in helping regulators stay updated on how best to protect their constituents.Developments in technolog

87、y often outpace the capacity of a state to design and implement new regulatory frameworks to best manage innovation.As a result,regulations are fragmented across jurisdictions,agencies and functions.Third,promoting equality and access in TradeTech reduces the risks of exacerbating trade inequalities

88、 and locking in to outdated systems.Least developed countries and small businesses can struggle to access the efficiency advantages of digitalization.Efforts to remove barriers to engage with new technology systems will in the long run allow the whole ecosystem to progress faster.2.1 Future public-p

89、rivate collaboration Trusted,unbiased intermediaries can play a leadership role in building coalitions and facilitating collaboration.TradeTech:Catalysing Innovation11Logistics information sharing3Technology could transform and streamline the way trade stakeholders interact and share information.Tra

90、deTech:Catalysing Innovation12Shipping a single container from one country to another is an intricate process that involves many stakeholders.At least 15 distinct parties may be involved.A typical transaction includes 36 documents and 240 copies.8 If stacked,the paperwork required to move a shipment

91、 of goods from Kenya to the Netherlands would be 25 cm thick.9 The cost of processing documents alone can constitute as much as one-fifth of the overall shipping costs.10 Technology could transform and streamline all of this.The more cautious participants largely determine the pace of trade innovati

92、on and digitalization.The inherent need for interaction across countries and logistics actors means legacy networks and systems pose significant challenges for new players attempting to introduce innovative technologies.Large operators frequently operate multiple systems and interacting with rival p

93、latforms creates costs for traders seeking access to global markets.Some intermediaries benefit from these challenges:freight forwarders may profit from inefficiencies in trade systems and be reluctant to experiment with potentially transformative ways of doing things.Organizations understand that c

94、arefully sharing data can increase competitiveness and lead to new opportunities.However,they fear that sharing could also lead to data misuse,loss of control of proprietary knowledge and compromised competitive advantage.Without interoperable standards or alternative approaches to compatibility,log

95、istics will continue to be a complex,fragmented and cost-intensive enterprise.New technology can increase the burdens on the industry,which already faces low margins and high costs because logistics firms must manage numerous data protocols,formats and other requirements.Over the years,the logistics

96、 industry has piloted several initiatives to improve information sharing.Despite clear potential advantages for the industry,most of these initiatives have so far failed to achieve widespread adoption.The effort to digitalize bills of lading is a telling example.According to a 2022 McKinsey study,sh

97、ifting this single trading document from a paper-based to a digital format could generate$6.5 billion in savings and potentially unlock an extra$40 billion in global trade.11 Despite this,the effort has yet to achieve widespread success.Certificates of origin,packing lists,insurance policies and let

98、ters of credit are among the additional paperwork requirements that technological innovation could overhaul.Several shipping lines have committed to an electronic bill of lading by 2030.12 Yet,logistics firms which generally operate on low margins and high volumes have historically been conservative

99、 in their technology investments,typically allocating only single-digit percentages of their revenue to research and technology development.Without interoperable standards or alternative approaches to compatibility,logistics will continue to be a complex,fragmented and cost-intensive enterprise.The

100、Trade and Logistics Information Pipeline(TLIP)originates from a collaboration between the IOTA Foundation and Trademark Africa.It leverages distributed ledger technology principles of transparency,traceability and immutability to foster trust and integrity in data that is shared between trade partne

101、rs.TLIP has been trialled in Kenya and the United Kingdom.TLIP is designed to disseminate supply chain information directly across commercial organizations and government entities directly from its origin,following predefined permissions governing data access.TLIP bridges connectivity gaps between t

102、raders,government agencies and logistics providers.CASE STUDY 3Trade and Logistics Information Pipeline(TLIP)TradeTech:Catalysing Innovation13A more interoperable future for logistics information would entail trade-data platforms that facilitate collaboration on information.The success of collaborat

103、ive platforms depends on their ability to promise several features,such as neutrality,openness and oversight.Artificial intelligence,with its capacity to integrate disparate data from multiple sources,promises the potential to overcome the standards bottleneck as long as data access is enabled.Tech-

104、enhanced third-party logistics(3PL),which characterizes intermodal transport firms,would not be the only result of the widespread incorporation of these tools.A new wave of logistics innovation sometimes called 5PL and 6PL to refer to different layers of coordination and technological adaptation can

105、 enable logistics providers to provide a full suite of supply chain services.3.1 Future logistics information Effective data sharing would change the way logistics operators interact with customers,partners and transit hubs.Successful integrated platforms would likely first focus on solving a specif

106、ic problem or use case for target users.As trust among parties grows,data owners can gain confidence and exchange further information.Platforms might begin by focusing on a specialized use case,such as environmental data,and then expand services to focus on compliance or financial data.Effective dat

107、a sharing would change the way logistics operators interact with customers,partners and transit hubs.Embracing these changes would streamline current logistics operations,help participants rethink the underlying principles of the industry and unlock value for the global economy.While warehouse manag

108、ement systems and yard automation already exist,more granular cross-network information sharing would get the sector much closer to the vision of a physical internet.Efficient direct shipping,automatic replenishment,demand forecasting and AI scenario planning could become a reality.Tech-enabled trad

109、e can offer far greater effectiveness and efficiency in responding to customer needs.TradeTech:Catalysing Innovation14Trade finance4Amid instability and mistrust,the burdens on trade finance entities and institutions,such as the responsibility to monitor and report suspicious or illegal activity,bec

110、ome greater.TradeTech:Catalysing Innovation15In 2022,demand for financing outpaced approvals by$2.5 trillion.The inability to access credit hitsthose in developing economies both existing traders and prospective newcomers the hardest.Risk-aversion by creditors is understandable in an environment of

111、heightened geopolitical tensions,regulatory barriers and changing compliance requirements.Technology can help level the playing field.Data analytics has the potential to transform credit evaluations and provide lenders with a more nuanced view of creditworthiness more efficiently.Provided with the r

112、ight data,algorithms can help lenders build confidence in the trustworthiness of borrowers.However,uneven access to data,particularly in developing economies,can create barriers to access for the communities most in need of access to financing.In 2021,a Nigeria-based fintech start-up secured a recor

113、d-breaking$170 million in a Series C funding round,making it the largest funding for an African tech start-up at the time.E-commerce payments are one of the businesss core areas.13 The success of this venture underscores the readiness of markets for innovative projects.The trade finance opportunity

114、emphasizes the need for innovation in regulatory and logistics information sharing as highlighted in the previous two sections.For example,in the absence of collaboration among financial service providers,logistics companies and regulators,opportunities for fraud abound.Lenders tend to extend trade

115、credit based on invoices for goods but financial institutions have little ability to verify the authenticity of these records.Collaboration with logistics firms can resolve these information asymmetries:banks can use real-time tracking data or other technological verification to ensure the authentic

116、ity of goods being traded.Visibility of goods in transit allows for the linking of trade finance to compliance with safety and environmental policies.UAE Trade Connect,developed by E&with a consortium of major banks,tackles the problem of fraudulent multiple use of the same invoice to secure financi

117、ng.It provides a distributed ledger document clearing system through which financial documents can be verified for uniqueness,without compromising confidentiality.CASE STUDY 4UAE Trade ConnectTradeTech:Catalysing Innovation16 Tools can help democratize credit and allow lenders to shrink the trade fi

118、nance gap with fewer risks.TradeTech can transform traditional approaches to pricing and managing risk to make the marketplace fairer and more accessible.Traditional credit evaluations tend to be anchored to a borrowers past payment history.This approach to lending makes sense in the absence of data

119、 about the underlying goods involved in trade.However,internet of things(IoT)technology creates possibilities to better monitor the financed goods,thereby reducing risks to lenders.IoT and real-time monitoring allow a lender to know the whereabouts of goods and verify the safety of container cargo t

120、hroughout its trade journey.These tools can help democratize credit and allow lenders to shrink the trade finance gap with fewer risks.Parallel innovations in regulators usage of technology could reduce many of the barriers to trade finance.For example,anti-money laundering regulations often require

121、 reams of paperwork to ensure the compliance of underlying transactions.Innovations in regulatory technology streamline these processes into automated operations that allow trading partners to upload documents only once,as goods and money move across borders.The interoperability of systems is vital

122、to ensuring that the cost reductions and efficiency improvements from such innovations benefit diverse players in the trade ecosystem.Risk distribution technologies are making trade finance accessible to a broader range of institutional investors for the first time.These technologies facilitate the

123、conversion of trade finance into tradable securities,with the use of end-to-end workflow automation tools significantly reducing transaction costs.This innovation complements traditional risk-sharing practices between banks and credit insurers and holds the potential to channel a substantial amount

124、of incremental liquidity from capital market investors,through lenders,to underserved businesses.Tokenized digital assets offer possibilities to broaden trade finance investability.Tokenization involves transforming traditional trade-finance assets,such as letters of credit,into digital manifestatio

125、ns exchanged through distributed ledger technology.Hedging tools,such as a newly launched market for container freight derivatives,provide additional security against future risks.Derivative trading has long served as a strategy for financiers and producers to offset potential losses in commodity tr

126、ading.A market for trading future contracts related to container shipping was attempted in the early 2010s but never reached critical mass.14 Renewed interest in supply chain security and greater container movement volumes suggest the time is ripe for markets to provide new hedging tools for financi

127、al institutions,logistics providers and shippers.4.1 Future trade financeTradeTech:Catalysing Innovation17Supply chain sustainability5Trade is the lifeblood of the global economy but moving goods thousands of miles inevitably involves carbon emissions as transport currently largely depends on fossil

128、 fuels.TradeTech:Catalysing Innovation18Freight emissions account for about 30%of all transport-related emissions.Direct reductions in freight emissions through low-carbon transport and warehouse technology is not the focus of this report but significant efforts are underway involving green fuels,el

129、ectrification and other measures,15 though greater ambition is needed.Technology-driven operational efficiency provides a not-insignificant means to drive costs and emissions further down.Robotic process automation(RPA),for example,has become increasingly commonplace in the industry and uses technol

130、ogies such as warehouse drones to manage inventory and optimize supply chains,supplemented by AI-driven route optimization.At the same time,trade makes the spread of green technology and services possible.Trade in green goods grew by 243%between 2000 and 2020.Perhaps most significantly,trade ties pr

131、oduction systems together through global value chains and connects producers to consumers.When technology enables the flow of granular emissions data along the supply chain,it can provide powerful market signals to incentivize greener production.For companies to reduce scope 3(supply chain)emissions

132、,they depend on accurate information transfer along the supply chain.Reducing scope 3 emissions and preventing carbon leakage are goals of carbon border adjustment mechanisms made more feasible by technology-enabled information flow.TradeTech can analyse vast amounts of data and offer new ways to vi

133、sualize,streamline and build sustainability into global supply chains.The use of emerging technologies will be crucial in enhancing visibility across all components of the value chain,thereby contributing significantly to greenhouse gas emissions reductions as well as providing the basis for advance

134、d recycling and circular economy initiatives.Beyond environmental performance,supply chains are held to increasingly higher social impact standards.New due-diligence legislation in major economies,as well as tightened corporate standards,combine with stringent sanctions and trade restrictions compli

135、ance obligations to mandate accurate end-to-end supply chain traceability.Smart container shippingBOX 1Thanks to information from sensors and automated cargo-unloading technology,artificial intelligence programs determine the containers route and optimal timeline for departure.This software uses inp

136、uts such as weather,port traffic and inventory data to determine the best path for the container to reach its destination.These programs synchronize with enterprise resource planning(ERP)and warehouse management systems and customs to ensure seamless port arrival and unloading.Along the way,real-tim

137、e tracking and sensors continually monitor the shipments temperature and conditions.Technology can sense humidity changes,shocks,unauthorized tampering and safety anomalies.When the box arrives at its destination,robotic forklifts and cranes offload it,without creating risks to human workers.Compute

138、rs determine its storage to maximize safety and minimize downtime.Simultaneously,digital customs platforms help ensure the processing of compliance data through the necessary authorities.Computer vision facilitates swift inspections and streamlined platforms ensure that single-upload platforms share

139、 the necessary documentation with each government agency and authorized private bodies involved in monitoring incoming goods.Throughout the containers journey,renewable energy has helped minimize emissions.Sensors alert operators about the need for maintenance or any other unexpected challenges alon

140、g the way.TradeTech can transform the monitoring and reporting of emissions footprints and other externalities.Distributed ledger technology creates new possibilities for attaching identifying information to goods along their life cycle to validate provenance and ensure compliance with environmental

141、,social and security requirements.Companies have become increasingly focused on the impacts of direct suppliers and the larger ecosystem involved in their supply chains.The use of technology will be crucial to enhancing visibility and ensuring transparency across companies value chains.TradeTech can

142、 also directly increase trade efficiency to reduce environmental impacts.Data analytics and real-time tracking can help minimize emissions by improving route efficiency,reducing empty cargo space,combining shipments and avoiding unnecessary detours.Cargo vessels spend only 60%to 70%of their port tim

143、e actually at a berth,according to some estimates.16 The wait time and the compensating speed required at other stages of the journey are costly and inefficient for operators and also take a toll on the environment.Artificial intelligence,sensors and climate modelling give firms even more tools to o

144、ptimize transport planning.5.1 Future sustainable supply chains Trade ties production systems together through global value chains and connects producers to consumers.TradeTech:Catalysing Innovation19Realizing the TradeTech vision6The TradeTech Global initiative supports the emergence of competitive

145、 trade technology platforms and ecosystems.TradeTech:Catalysing Innovation20These efforts require deep coordination among stakeholders.Interoperability is a crucial factor for the smooth and efficient functioning of global trade processes.However,the path to achieving competitive interoperable innov

146、ation raises questions such as:What conditions are needed to help investors take risks in testing and scaling technology?How can entrepreneurs and corporations best collaborate on creating global trade technology platforms and applications?What steps do regulators need to take to support competitive

147、 and inclusive outcomes?Could a collaborative approach to developing global digital infrastructure,where a broad coalition of stakeholders shares initial costs and risks,prove effective?The TradeTech initiative is identifying pilot projects to answer these questions incrementally in ways that build

148、consensus among stakeholders.In recent years,promising trade harmonization initiatives have come and gone,providing useful lessons about how the trade community can move forward.TradeTech builds on the lessons learned from these experiments to help kickstart a new future for global trade.The success

149、 of digitalizing the trade ecosystem hinges on effectively incentivizing all participants including private and public organizations to collaborate.The challenges that impede data collaboration are vast.Some stakeholders actually benefit from a lack of transparency and efficiency,as their businesses

150、 depend on helping traders navigate information gaps and complicated processes.At the same time,multiple platforms have demonstrated the potential gains of greater data collaboration for a wide variety of trade participants.Various projects have created commercial data marketplaces that enable selle

151、rs and buyers to set the price of data,such as shipment booking information.As these examples indicate,the design possibilities for TradeTech solutions likely depend on protecting data ownership and rewarding data providers and collaborators for their contributions.One lesson from prior ventures inv

152、olves the need to support a wide range of industry players,from large corporations to small start-ups.Meeting the needs of small-and medium-sized enterprises is particularly important to ensuring the system promotes inclusion.As diverse partners engage with pilot initiatives in the TradeTech initiat

153、ive sandbox,the initiative can identify proof-of-concept results to demonstrate a wide range of impacts from straightforward technological changes to complex,interconnected solutions suited to large multinational businesses.By focusing on the identification of use cases,the TradeTech initiative can

154、demonstrate the clear,compelling value proposition of lower transaction costs and greater efficiency that will justify investments in organizational and technological change.To sustain a supportive,interconnected ecosystem,public-sector actors can help encourage critical mass.TradeTech:Catalysing In

155、novation21The project requires community building and information exchange as its foundation.Collaborative design can also help develop a reservoir of human talent for refining and deploying innovative technologies across the entire trade ecosystem.It is only through sustained engagement that an eco

156、system as complex and diverse as global trade can harness the full advantages of technological transformation.A holistic approach to innovationFIGURE 4TradeTechInitiative communityTrade environmentTrade policiesDeploymentExperimentation The success of digitalizing the trade ecosystem hinges on effec

157、tively incentivizing all participants to collaborate.The initiative will advance a vision for sustainable,inclusive and efficient global trade among an ever-widening network of participants.Actors in the trade ecosystem can make progress at different rates and have different appetites for taking on

158、technological risks.TradeTechs ecosystem approach respects these differences and seeks to calibrate its work such that ecosystem members remain connected while innovation flourishes.TradeTech Global will support innovation through several initiatives.Horizon 1 work focuses on building and strengthen

159、ing a community,identifying shared challenges and articulating a vision for the future.This report reflects that focus.In the year ahead,the initiative will focus on Horizon 2 highlighting,supporting and integrating technology collaborations in innovative,experimental ways.In consultation with publi

160、c-and private-sector partners,TradeTech Global will collaborate at local,regional and international levels to assemble best practices for the deployment of technology.TradeTech:Catalysing Innovation22ContributorsMario Canales Specialist,Digital Trade,World Economic ForumSean Doherty Head,Internation

161、al Trade and Investment,World Economic ForumInjy Elhabrouk Specialist,TradeTech,World Economic ForumInes KnpperInnovation Lead,TradeTech and Global Alliance for Trade Facilitation,World Economic ForumAyoub NaciriData Solutions Architect,Global Business Services Blockchain Practice,IBM;Project Fellow

162、,TradeTech,World Economic ForumJimena Sotelo Lead,TradeTech,World Economic Forum Tim Stekkinger Head,TradeTech,World Economic Forum We would like to thank the members of the TradeTech Community for their insightful contributions through several expert interviews,community workshops and participation

163、 in in-person panels.We would like to thank the team at the Ministry of Economy of the United Arab Emirates,namely Yasar Jarrar,Barkha Shah and Samira Shabsogh,for their support during the writing process.ProductionMary Bridges Freelance WriterDanielle Carpenter Editor,Eagle Eye CommunicationsLauren

164、ce Denmark Creative Director,Studio MikoTradeTech:Catalysing Innovation23Endnotes1.International Chamber of Commerce,“G7|Creating a modern digital trade ecosystem”,October 2021,https:/iccwbo.uk/products/g7-creating-modern-digital-trade-ecosystem.2.Coley,S.,“Enduring Ideas:The Three Horizons of Growt

165、h”,McKinsey Quarterly,1 Dec.2009.3.U.S.Customs and Border Protection,Realizing the Single Window,2017,www.cbp.gov/sites/default/files/assets/documents/2017-Aug/ACE%20Accomplishments%20Infographic.pdf.4.Martnez-Zarzoso,I.&Chelala,S.,“The Impact of Single Windows on Trade”,World Economy,43(10),Februar

166、y 2020, Nations Commission on International Trade Law,“UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records(2017)”,13 July 2017,https:/uncitral.un.org/en/texts/ecommerce/modellaw/electronic_transferable_records.6.U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission,“LOGINK:Risks from Chinas Promotion

167、 of a Global Logistics Management Platform”,20 September 2022,https:/www.uscc.gov/research/logink-risks-chinas-promotion-global-logistics-management-platform.7.Gallagher,J.,“House passes defense bill with ban on Chinese shipping platform”,FreightWaves,14 July 2023,https:/ the paper trail blockchain

168、set to shake up trade finance”,Financial Times,3 December 2019,https:/ Giant Maersk Tests Blockchain-powered Bill of Lading”,International Business Times,14 October 2016.10.World Trade Organization(WTO),World Trade Report 2018 The Future of World Trade:How Digital Technologies Are Transforming Globa

169、l Commerce,Geneva:WTO,2018.11.Casanova,D.,Dierker,D.,Jensen,B.,Hausmann,L.&Stoffels,J.,“The multi-billion-dollar paper jam:Unlocking trade by digitalizing documentation”,McKinsey&Company,4 October 2022,https:/ Container Shipping Association(DCSA),“100%eBL by 2030”,https:/dcsa.org/100-percent-ebl/.13

170、.Kene-Okafor,T.,“African payments company Flutterwave raises$170M,now valued at over$1B”,Tech Crunch,10 March 2021,https:/ to the futures:New era of container freight hedging begins”,FreightWaves,1 March 2022,https:/ Economic Forum,Getting to Zero Coalition,https:/www.weforum.org/projects/getting-to

171、-zero-coalition/.16.Lind,M.,Ward,R.,Bergmann,M.and Haraldson,S.(2019),“How to Boost Port Call Operations”,Global Maritime Forum 12 April 2019.TradeTech:Catalysing Innovation24World Economic Forum9193 route de la CapiteCH-1223 Cologny/GenevaSwitzerland Tel.:+41(0)22 869 1212Fax:+41(0)22 786 2744contactweforum.orgwww.weforum.orgThe World Economic Forum,committed to improving the state of the world,is the International Organization for Public-Private Cooperation.The Forum engages the foremost political,business and other leaders of society to shape global,regional and industry agendas.