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1、An Action Plan to Accelerate Global Business and Investment in AfricaW H I T E P A P E RJ A N U A R Y 2 0 2 4In collaboration with the African Continental Free Trade Area SecretariatImages:Getty Images 2024 World Economic Forum.All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced or tra

2、nsmitted in any form or by any means,including photocopying and recording,or by any information storage and retrieval system.Disclaimer This document is published by the World Economic Forum as a contribution to a project,insight area or interaction.The findings,interpretations and conclusions expre

3、ssed herein are a result of a collaborative process facilitated and endorsed by the World Economic Forum but whose results do not necessarily represent the views of the World Economic Forum,nor the entirety of its Members,Partners or other stakeholders.ContentsForeword 3Preface 4Executive summary 5I

4、ntroduction 71 Agriculture and agro-processing 92 Transport and logistics 173 Automotive 214 Pharmaceuticals 255 Conclusion 30Contributors 31Endnotes 33An Action Plan to Accelerate Global Business and Investment in Africa2ForewordAfrica is undergoing profound changes as the region becomes more integ

5、rated,accelerated by the African Continental Free Trade Area(AfCFTA)a single market representing 1.7 billion people and$6.7 trillion in consumer and business spending by 2030.The full implementation of the AfCFTA agreement is projected to increase real incomes by 7%or nearly$450 billion.The year 202

6、3,recognized by the African Union as the“Year of the Acceleration of the African Continental Free Trade Area Implementation”,has been a turning point for operationalizing this transformative trade deal.Momentum has been building around collaboration between the private sector and AfCFTAs national or

7、ganizations as they work together to catalyse global investment in Africa.As the international organization for public-private cooperation,the World Economic Forum remains committed to finding common solutions that will unlock global prosperity in Africa.In 2023,the Forum continued its work to help

8、ease physical,capital and digital flows in Africa through cultivating rich public-private collaboration and dialogue,facilitating information-sharing and implementing trade and investment tools in collaboration with the Forum Friends of the African Continental Free Trade Area.Now,as we look ahead to

9、 2024 and beyond,the Forum and the AfCFTA Secretariat are committed to facilitate and accelerate private sector investment on the continent by leveraging the power of the free trade area.We welcome the action plan,which was co-created by Forum partners and the Friends of the AfCFTA as they signal th

10、eir joint commitment to shifting beyond strategy towards action.Building off the Forums inaugural insight report,AfCFTA:A New Era for Global Business and Investment in Africa,launched in January 2023,this action plan announces initiatives and commitments from industry leaders in four priority sector

11、s of the AfCFTA Secretariat:automotive,agriculture and agro-processing,pharmaceuticals,and transport and logistics,which have a combined worth of$130 billion.By bringing together 12 Forum partners,the action plan delivers a bold and visionary blueprint for private sector involvement in Africa throug

12、h the announcement of specific initiatives,projects and investments to which each company has committed.These projects include the mobilization of financing for upgrading infrastructure in the transport and logistics sector,the development and deployment of green technologies in the automotive secto

13、r,the creation and expansion of initiatives to move more of the agriculture value chain to the continent,and commitment by pharmaceutical companies to five actions that target the workforce,innovation,finance,policy and inclusivity.We applaud the incredible dedication these companies have shown in c

14、reating these timely projects.This action plan is an important leap forward towards seizing the incredible opportunities that the AfCFTA is unlocking for global business and investment as it transforms value chains and economies.The dedicated energy that has fuelled the creation of this action plan

15、must continue as Forum partners implement the plans and develop more projects.These ambitious commitments from leading companies on the continent signal to potential investors that investment in Africa can look forward to a future of boundless innovation and inclusive African prosperity.Brge Brende

16、President,World Economic ForumWamkele Mene Secretary-General,African Continental Free Trade Area SecretariatAn Action Plan to Accelerate Global Business and Investment in AfricaJanuary 2024An Action Plan to Accelerate Global Business and Investment in Africa3PrefaceThe Forum Friends of the African C

17、ontinental Free Trade Area(AfCFTA),launched at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2022,brings together representatives from over 60 countries,chief executives and heads of international organizations to support the implementation of the AfCFTA agreement through public-private collaboration.Afte

18、r the January 2023 launch of the Forums report AfCFTA:A New Era for Global Business and Investment in Africa,the first report of its kind on the business opportunities presented by the African Continental Free Trade Area,global political and business leaders,along with the President of the World Eco

19、nomic Forum and the Secretary-General of the AfCFTA,called for an action plan to be finalized ahead of the Forums Annual Meeting 2024to deliver on AfCFTAs promises with specific goals and initiatives.In response to this request,we organized workstreams on the four key industrial sectors of automotiv

20、e,agriculture and agro-processing,pharmaceuticals and transport and logistics,with multiple convenings of the most important players on the continent throughout the year,beginning atthe AfCFTA Business Forum in April 2023.These convenings were engaging and collaborative,providing industry leaders wi

21、th an opportunity to come together to co-design the initiatives and projects that they plan to implement as part of the action plan.The creativity,ambition and determination that catapulted these companies to the top of their respective industries were tangible during these sessions as innovative pr

22、ojects were conceptualized and realized.These projects showcase the commitment of key Forum partners including Yara International,Coca-Cola,Worldwide Brewing Alliance,Forum Global Alliance for Trade Facilitation,DHL,Agility,DP World,African Association of Automotive Manufacturers(AAAM),Our Next Ener

23、gy and Volkswagen.The action plan highlights broader industry goals by 2030 and then dives into the company projects that have been developed to help reach those goals.Each project has its own scope,partnership,value proposition,strategic resources and timeframe with specific milestones to be met ov

24、er the next 1-6 years.What they share is a common goal of leveraging the considerable opportunities that stem from the AfCFTA to create local value and accelerate investment.Our hope is that,in reading this action plan,you will be inspired by the bold actions being taken by industry leaders as they

25、leverage the opportunities provided by the AfCFTA.Current and future investors and partners can all benefit from seeing how specific projects will be implemented,in turn inspiring further projects in the coming years.The Forum will continue to support its partners in executing these projects and sca

26、ling-up their impact.We sincerely thank all of the collaborators involved in this action plan,including the company leadership,respective trade associations,the Forum Friends of Africa,the AfCFTA Secretariat and Forum employees.This plan is a testament to their dedication and leadership driving the

27、impactful work being done in collaboration between the private and public sectors to catalyse investment in a continent of infinite opportunities.Landry Sign Executive Director and Professor,Thunderbird School of Global Management,Washington,DC;Co-Chair,World Economic Forum Regional Action Group for

28、 AfricaChido Munyati Head of Regional Agenda,Africa;Global Leadership Fellow,World Economic ForumJanuary 2024An Action Plan to Accelerate Global Business and Investment in AfricaAn Action Plan to Accelerate Global Business and Investment in Africa4Executive summaryIntroduction As the African Contine

29、ntal Free Trade Area(AfCFTA)continues to unlock opportunities for private sector engagement in Africa,the Forum Friends of the AfCFTA have been taking the lead in forging a way forward for transformative outcomes for companies investing across the continent.In January 2023,the Forum Friends released

30、 a first-of-its-kind private sector insight report which aims to provide a pathway for global businesses and investors to understand the biggest trends,opportunities and strategies to successful investment and high returns in Africa,developing local,subregional and continental value chains while acc

31、elerating industrialization for four key sectors identified by the AfCFTA Secretariat.Heads of State have now asked the Forum to deliver an action plan that summarizes where these industries are going and what actions Forum partners will do in the coming years to turn the transformative opportunitie

32、s the AfCFTA offers into tangible reality.Building on the insight report,the Forum has compiled a collection of strategic initiatives and case studies from Forum partners that will serve as the basis for the Forums private sector engagement in the short and long term,based on the four industries of

33、focus:agriculture and agro-processing,transport and logistics,automotive and pharmaceuticals.Agriculture and agro-processingThe agriculture and agro-processing industry plays a critical role in Africas economic transformation.By expanding the value chain on the continent,the industry can meet the gr

34、owing demand for food expected,as the continents population increases by an estimated one billion people by 2050.1 Opportunities abound in agricultures long value chain,whether from fertilizers and irrigation for farming,or value-added processing,through storage and delivery to the end consumer.Ther

35、e are also opportunities to invest in innovative and technology-driven activities on the continent,especially in areas of sustainable agriculture.Overall,Forum partners are working towards the goal of transforming the agriculture and agro-processing industry to meet domestic food security and ultima

36、tely become a global food exporter by 2050.To get there,Forum partners are adjusting their strategies and implementing projects that contribute to long-term food system transformation.Industry leaders such as Coca-Cola,Yara International and the Worldwide Brewing Alliance have provided valuable insi

37、ghts and commitments that the Forum plans to support.Each of these initiatives targets a part of the agriculture value chain that will be affected by increased trade under the AfCFTA.Some of the initiatives profiled focus on leveraging the AfCFTA or driving its successful implementation(e.g.the Foru

38、ms Global Alliance for Trade Facilitation,Coca-Colas Mango Hub),while others target strengthening various parts of the value chain such as increasing the use of local raw materials(e.g.Coca Cola,Worldwide Brewing Alliance WBA)and producing fertilizers(e.g.Yara International).Meanwhile,some partners

39、target key enablers such as developing digital farming technologies and building skills for farmers including women and youth(e.g.Yara International,WBA).The implementation of these initiatives will rely on a variety of factors that the Forum can help support,including multi-stakeholder participatio

40、n,public-private partnerships and innovative financing.Transport and logisticsAs trade volumes increase due to the AfCFTA,thetransport and logistics industry is in high demand,leading to important opportunities for the private sector.To meet rising demand in freight,air and maritime transport,Forum

41、partners will play a critical role to connect local and international companies to the continental market.Key Forum partners on the continent in this sector have announced initiatives that support small and medium-sized enterprises(e.g.DHL),help facilitate trade more effectively through new and upda

42、ted infrastructure(e.g.Agility and DP World)and attract more foreign investment in the industry across This report presents initiatives from Forum partners to maximize the opportunities of a new free trade area across Africa in the four key sectors of agriculture,transport,automotive and pharmaceuti

43、cals.An Action Plan to Accelerate Global Business and Investment in Africa5African countries(e.g Agility).These projects range from million-dollar investments in ports,warehouses and logistics centres across the continent to programmes designed to develop skills for students and business professiona

44、ls in various areas from packing and branding to supply chain management.The success of these projects would be impossible without cooperation between stakeholders and the public sector,especially considering the scale of investment for some of the infrastructure projects and their need for governme

45、nt cooperation.The Forum will be a helpful partner in facilitating dialogue and tracking the progress and outcomes of these projects on a broader level for the benefit of these companies and the continent.This collaboration is already at work.For example,Agilitys“Inspiring FDI and Multinational Acce

46、ss to Africa”initiative is aglobal campaign to address constraints to FDI andtrade in partnership with partners on the continent including the Forum,the AfCFTA Secretariat,chambers of commerce and others.The Forum will also be a critical partner to scale the impact of all of these projects,especiall

47、y as newly built ports and infrastructure projects can be leveraged to help other key industries that the Forum is focusing on to transport their goods across the continent.AutomotiveThe automotive industry on the continent is taking off due to the AfCFTA,with the potential for more countries to bec

48、ome involved in the automotive value chain.The AfCFTA and global trends are opening new opportunities,especially to move more value-added activities to the continent and for the continent to become a leader in the production of electric vehicles(EVs).To ensure that local value addition is at the for

49、efront,the Forum is working with its partners to reach a goal of manufacturing 4-5 million vehicles by 2035 and increasing manufacturing plants across the continent.Forum industry leaders are working on projects that target a wide range of factors related to the automotive industry to reach this goa

50、l.These projects range from the African Association of Automotive Manufacturers broad industry-wide strategy being implemented with a wide range of partners to drive compatible national policies,to more specific projects that focus on the development and deployment of new technologies for EVs(e.g.Ou

51、r Next Energy)and projects that focus on automobile mobile applications and innovative partnerships such as using EVs for sustainable farming(e.g.Volkswagen).Together these projects are driving the acceleration of private sector engagement in the automotive sector.PharmaceuticalsThe Sustainable Deve

52、lopment Goals and the African Unions Agenda 2063 call for strengthening public health through a local innovative pharmaceutical industry.Through the harmonization of regulations and the lifting of trade barriers provided by the AfCFTA,the pharmaceutical industry has incredible potential to develop q

53、uickly to meet local demand.To reach this goal,Forum partners are engaging in multi-stakeholder dialogues and implementing new initiatives.For example,the Partnerships forAfricanVaccine Manufacturing(PAVM)held a forum in 2023 which brought together 147 representatives from international and African

54、vaccine industries to acknowledge progress and pave a way forward for the next few years in pursuit of the 2040 production goal.The forum also recognized barriers to be addressed in the short term,including skills development,vaccine technology transfer and R&D.Meanwhile,the International Federation

55、 of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations(IFPMA)committed to work with the AfCFTA to create the ecosystem needed to accelerate progress towards the achievement of pharmaceutical sector competitiveness and sustainable access to healthcare through multi-stakeholder dialogue,engagement and acti

56、ve participation in all relevant platforms.These projects and goals will evolve over time,especially as the AfCFTA continues towards full implementation.The Forum will play an important role in helping the industry reach its goals,paving the way for a resilient health system across the continent.An

57、Action Plan to Accelerate Global Business and Investment in Africa6Introduction The African Continental Free Trade Area(AfCFTA)offers the opportunity to unify the small,fragmented markets of 55 separate African states into a single market that,by 2030,would represent 1.7 billion people and$6.7 trill

58、ion in consumer and business spending.2 If the AfCFTA agreement is fully implemented,it could increase real incomes by 7%or nearly$450 billion.3Officially launched in 2021,the AfCFTA could also increase intra-African exports by 81%,providing the opportunity to lift 30 million people from extreme pov

59、erty by 2035,according to the World Bank.4 By removing barriers to trade,the AfCFTA offers opportunities for the private sector to develop local and regional value chains across the continent.However,the potential benefits to African countries will only be realized if governments eliminate tariff an

60、d non-tariff barriers to trade which will incentivize businesses to utilize the agreement.5World Economic Forum Friends of the African Continental Free Trade AreaWith incomes,connectivity,dynamic youth populations and trade integration on the rise across Africa,it is clear that the private sector is

61、 becoming increasingly aware of the transformative opportunities for business across the African continent.As intra-African trade increases,the implementation of the AfCFTA is bringing new opportunities to create local value and strengthen supply chains.As part of its Friends of the African Continen

62、tal Free Trade Area initiative(see Box 1),the World Economic Forum has engaged with private sector partners to gain insights into their understanding of and strategies for making use of the opportunities presented by the AfCFTA.This report presents some case studies from some of the Forums leading p

63、artners in Africa.The new free trade area that aims to unify Africas 55 nations could create a single market worth$6.7 trillion by 2030.Forum Friends of the African Continental Free Trade AreaBOX 1The Forum Friends of the African Continental Free Trade Area(AfCFTA)is a formal collaboration between t

64、he AfCFTA Secretariat and the World Economic Forum,launched at the Forum Annual Meeting 2022.The coalition brings together over 60 heads of state,ministers,chief executives,heads of international organizations and experts to support the implementation of the AfCFTA agreement through public-private c

65、ollaboration.In January 2023,the Forum released a report entitled AfCFTA:A New Era for Global Business and Investment in Africa,which presented key trends,tools and strategies related to four industries central to the implementation of the AfCFTA.These four industries automotive,agriculture and agro

66、-processing,pharmaceuticals,and transport and logistics were chosen due to their capacity to meet local demand across the continent,positioning them well to seize the opportunities of leveraging the AfCFTA to accelerate local production.The report presented important trends and projections for these

67、 four industries,complemented by existing tools to navigate trade under the AfCFTA and strategies from leading companies that are already finding success across the continent.By doing so,the report shed light on what the future of these four industries could look like and how the AfCFTA should be le

68、veraged to get there.An Action Plan to Accelerate Global Business and Investment in Africa7Four key industries for Africa projections under the AfCFTABOX 2Agriculture and agro-processing:Intra-African trade in agriculture is expected to increase by 574%by 2030,if tariffs are eliminated under the AfC

69、FTA.6Transport and logistics:The AfCFTA is projected to increase intra-African trade demand by 28%,with demand for almost 2 million trucks,100,000 rail wagons,250 aircraft and more than 100 vessels by 2030.7Automotive:The industry in Africa is expected to grow to more than$42 billion by 2027.8Pharma

70、ceuticals:The AfCFTA will help increase intra-African trade in pharmaceuticals,which is currently extremely low(only 3%of demand is met by intra-African trade),leading to more resilient health supply chains.9In this second report,we look ahead to develop an action plan made up of initiatives and act

71、ions that Forum partners have taken to accelerate the growth of these industries and enhance their capacity to seize the opportunities offered by the AfCFTA in the coming years.The action plan showcases initiatives from key Forum partners within these four industries,each with their own unique goals

72、 and purposes.What binds them together is the overall pursuit of goals shared by the AfCFTA and Agenda 2063 the African Unions development blueprint to achieve inclusive and sustainable socio-economic development over a 50-year period.10 These shared goals include:Increasing the value-added activity

73、 on the continent Creating sustainable and resilient value chains Increasing intra-African trade by reducing barriers and strengthening supply chains By accelerating local and continental production and manufacturing,the private sector will help boost trade and accelerate broader development goals.B

74、uilding from industry inputs and analysis conducted for the January 2023 report,this report highlights some specific initiatives and actions that partner companies of the Forum are undertaking.As consensus evolves and stakeholders initiate more projects,this action plan will be updated on an annual

75、basis.This report presents initiatives from the four industry sectors and is organized as follows:Chapter 1:Agriculture and agro-processing initiatives from companies including The Coca-Cola Company,Yara International,Worldwide Brewing Alliance Africa Beer Group(represented by Anheuser-Busch InBev a

76、nd Heineken)and the Forums Global Alliance for Trade Facilitation.Chapter 2:Transport and logistics initiatives featuring companies such as DHL,Agility and DP World.Chapter 3:Automotive initiatives from partners such as Volkswagen,the African Association of Automotive Manufacturers(AAAM)and Our Next

77、 Energy(ONE).Chapter 4:Pharmaceuticals initiatives and commitment from the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers&Associations.Chapter 5:Conclusion a discussion of the tools,ways and means for the implementation of these initiatives.An Action Plan to Accelerate Global Business and

78、Investment in Africa8Agriculture and agro-processing1Africas agriculture sector has huge potential for growth and could be worth$1 trillion by 2030,if yields improve and a continent-wide free trade area sweeps away import tariffs.Overview:projections and goalsAgriculture plays a crucial role across

79、Africa,employing more than half of the working population and contributing 35%of the continents GDP.11 Given its central role in the economy,agriculture will be a prime beneficiary of the newly implemented AfCFTA,which will help expand intra-Africa trade,create jobs,meet local demand,reduce poverty

80、and accelerate inclusivity.Of Africas 51 million farmers,80%are smallholders engaged in subsistence farming on land of less than one hectare(2.2 acres),earning approximately two dollars a day.12 The continents land surface is 60%arable land,but around 20%of Africas soils are degraded and suffer from

81、 the worsening impacts of acute climate change.As a result,Africas agricultural yields only reach 25%of full potential.Goal:Input providers will play a critical role in transforming Africas agriculture sector not only to help the continent achieve domestic food security,but also to become a global f

82、ood exporter by 2050.An important way to unlock Africas agricultural potential,especially that of smallholder farmers,is to develop and deploy accessible and affordable digital agritech tools.While large,mechanized farms make extensive use of technology,smallholders often lack access to innovative t

83、echnologies that require large cost outlays,negatively affecting productivity and yields.Smallholder farmers still rely heavily on manual labour,creating major problems as crop production lags behind mechanized farms.Collaborations through public-private partnerships can help smallholder farmers ado

84、pt digital solutions to advance the agriculture sector in Africa.One in five Africans is currently malnourished and the continents population is expected to grow by an additional one billion people by 2050.13 Currently,the continent spends a staggering$75 billion on food imports each year,14 with ne

85、t food imports expected to continue to rise if food system transformation is not prioritized.15 According to the African Development Bank(AfDB),the continents food and agriculture market could increase from$280 billion a year in 2023 to$1 trillion by 2030.16 Multiple public and private stakeholders

86、from across the food value chain must come togethertoaddress these challenges and seize opportunities for local production.Private sector opportunitiesDespite challenges,there are great opportunities for agriculture,given the projected impact of the AfCFTA and Agenda 2063,which envisions accelerated

87、 agricultural growth and transformation,shared prosperity and improved livelihoods.17 By 2030,intra-African agricultural trade is projected to increase by 574%if import tariffs are eliminated,compared to a scenario without the AfCFTA.18 Meanwhile,Africas food and agriculture market could reach$1 tri

88、llion by the end of this decade,according to the African Development Bank.19An Action Plan to Accelerate Global Business and Investment in Africa9There is a significant need for inputs and infrastructure to sustain higher levels of exports.According to a McKinsey report,Africas agricultural potentia

89、l will require an 800%increase in fertilizer application for main nutrients,a$65 billion-plus investment in irrigation and more than$8 billion in investment for storage through local warehouses.20Demand for sustainable agriculture looks set to provide the private sector with ample opportunities.Give

90、n the growing global focus on regenerative farming and food value chains,Africa can play a significant role in the near future in the production of green fertilizers,especially those manufactured with solar or geothermal energy.This will enable the continent to become less dependent on the large-sca

91、le fossil fuel-powered production facilities needed for traditional fertilizers.21As detailed in the Forums January 2023 report,Africas agriculture and agro-processing industry presents important opportunities for the private sector to:Add value to an already competitive agriculture sector Leverage

92、regional differences to develop food value chains Meet input and infrastructure needs in the industryTo take advantage of these opportunities,which will be enhanced by the implementation of the AfCFTA,Forum partners are adjusting their strategies to execute projects that will help the industry reach

93、 its goal of becoming a net exporter of food by 2050.By 2030,intra-African agricultural trade is projected to increase by 574%if import tariffs are eliminated,and Africas food and agriculture market could reach$1 trillion.Critical components of long-term food systems transformation in AfricaBOX 3Yar

94、a International,a global fertilizer company based in Norway,proposes the following critical components of long-term food systems transformation in Africa:Achieve optimal soil and crop health through tailored inputs and solutions for Africas diverse local and regional soils,crops and climatic conditi

95、ons.Nutrient use efficiency(NUE)is particularly critical for maximizing crop yields sustainably and with existing resources.Develop appropriate supply chain partnerships and coalitions that can empower farmers and agri-entrepreneurs(especially women and youth)to help them improve their livelihoods w

96、hile fostering greater local,national and regional economic development and food security.Make greater use of digital technologies to expand connectivity and reduce costs.Increase capacity-building for smallholder farmers and agri-entrepreneurs(especially women and youth)via appropriate partnerships

97、 with Africa-based stakeholders.Expand engagement with key local,regional and global stakeholders(e.g.governments,NGOs,private sector companies,alliances).An Action Plan to Accelerate Global Business and Investment in Africa10Corporate case studiesUnderstanding the AfCFTAs potential to accelerate Af

98、ricas industrialization,major Forum partners have developed strategic initiatives to strengthen the agriculture value chain across the continent while leveraging the growing market.Some of these initiatives are profiled below.About Coca-Cola AfricaThe Coca-Cola Company sells beverages in more than 2

99、00 countries and territories.Its stated purpose is to“refresh the world and make a difference”and it features three connected pillars:“loved brands,done sustainably,for a better shared future”.Coca-Cola has been in Africa for over 95 years,operating with local bottling partners across the continent.

100、The company operates 136 facilities on the continent,employs 50,000+people directly,supports roughly eight times more jobs for each direct system job,and sustains millions oflivelihoods across the value chain.Over this period,the company and its local bottling partners have made it a priority to pur

101、chase inputs from sustainable local sources,subject to availability and quality standards.Coca-Cola uses local sugar and fruits such as apples,lemons,oranges,mangos and pears.It supports its farmers through grower programmes to become full participants in the supply chain.It also sources other indus

102、trial inputs such as carbon dioxide and glass locally.Coca-Cola believes the AfCFTA will spur economic growth on the continent and further enable African sourcing and production.East Africa“Mango Hub”Within the agro-processing sector,Coca-Cola Africa has shared its ambitions to develop a“Mango Hub”t

103、o expand its regional sourcing of inputs for fruit juice bottling,an initiative that offers economic opportunities for mango farmers and processors within the region.The Mango Hub seeks to make use of the East African Community(EAC)common market a regional economic community recognized as one of the

104、 building blocks of the AfCFTA to move mangos grown within East Africa frictionlessly across borders according to commercial needs.There are a number of advantages to focusing on mangos as a fruit to develop for regional supply and beyond.Mango pure is used as an input to the fruit juice industry,it

105、 has a longer shelf life than fresh fruit and it is far easier to transport.Coca-Cola is one of the largest anchor buyers of mango pure,which it uses in the production of juice.The processing of fresh mangos by pureing the fruit also provides growers with the opportunity to reduce food loss and crea

106、te additional income.22 A simplified value chain for mango transformation into juice is shown at Figure 1.CASE STUDY 1Coca-Cola AfricaSimplified mango value chainFIGURE 1FarmerFarmercooperative groupLarge scale processorsCoca-Cola(anchor buyer)Wholesaler/retailerFresh mangosFresh mangosMangopurePack

107、agedjuiceAn Action Plan to Accelerate Global Business and Investment in Africa11Through its Source Africa strategy,Coca-Cola is committed to building sustainable supply chains across the continent and increasing its use of local raw materials.23 However,regional mango pure supply and use patterns ar

108、e unbalanced and necessitate the trans-border movement of theproduct.Action planCoca-Colas Mango Hub action plan will be delivered in three phases:Phase 1:Investigate reasons for friction when mango products cross borders within the EAC.Perform a detailed in-country validation of the challenges when

109、 conducting preferential trade in mango pure within the EAC.Refine and develop ideas for solutions to the identified challenges.Gain insight into the project environment and its impact on a successful project outcome.Secure buy-in from public-sector project stakeholders.Phase 2:Develop and deliver p

110、ractical solutions to address the identified issues.Focus on how to ensure that rules related to regional origin are respected,while additional taxes and border delays are avoided.Phase 3:Create a knowledge product focused on the operationalization of FTAs within Africa to inform discussions on how

111、to accelerate the implementation of the AfCFTA in practice.CASE STUDY 1Coca-Cola Africa(continued)An Action Plan to Accelerate Global Business and Investment in Africa12Yara International,a Norwegian fertilizer company and partner of the Forum,has operated in Africa since 1929,with notable investmen

112、ts such as nine fertilizer terminals(including one of Africas largest),seven blending units and sales offices across different countries.The company has shown a strong performance in Africa over the last five years,primarily through delivering high-quality,affordable balanced nutrition solutions to

113、the largest farmer segment on the continent smallholders.By addressing the holistic needs of smallholder farmers,Yara aims to accelerate the wider agriculture sector across Africa.Some of Yaras initiatives in Africa include the following:Crop Nutrition Centres(YCNCs)These provide region-and crop-spe

114、cific agronomic advice to demonstrate the positive impact of applying tailored fertilizers and agronomic best practices through long-term demonstration plots.These centres aim to help farmers optimize soil health and achieve maximum possible crop yields in an environmentally sustainable manner.Digit

115、al farming technologiesYara has developed a number of digital farming technologies that help smallholders and commercial farmers in a range of areas,including assessing soil health and nutrient needs.Yara is currently running AfricaConnect,a digitalized,closed-loop system helping 100,000 Tanzanian s

116、mallholder rice farmers join partnerships across the food value chain that can help them overcome key challenges.MiCropYara has sought to lower the barriers for entry,so that African smallholder farmers can get access to high-quality fertilizers and crop nutrition solutions that will help them ensur

117、e optimal soil health and produce maximum crop yields.Yara has developed differentiated solutions following a balanced nutrition concept which reduces soil acidification,customizing fertilizers to meet specific soil,crop and climatic conditions across the African continent.Yaras products such as MiC

118、rop combine affordable,differentiated fertilizers with Yaras premium products to deliver optimal yields and enhanced incomes for smallholders across Africa.MiCrops success rests on the competitive sourcing of raw materials.Consequently,maintaining harmonized,zero or lowest-possible import tariffs an

119、d duties(as agreed by all AfCFTA signatories)is paramount,as there are only a few pockets of fertilizer production at scale in the African continent.Extensive infrastructureYaras infrastructure footprint on the continent includes nine fertilizer import terminals and seven blending units.These enable

120、 the company to secure competitive ocean freight rates,achieve high vessel discharge rates and low in-bound handling costs,which underpin the competitiveness of the companys portfolio.Social impact and public affairsIn 2021,Yara created a Social Impact&Public Affairs(SIPA)unit focused on helping to

121、address the challenges faced by smallholders.The SIPA team works to develop initiatives that empower farming communities across Africa and Asia,and to create more opportunities for women and youth to become farmers and agri-entrepreneurs.In 2022,SIPA launched the Yara Leadership Academy(YLA)in India

122、 and Kenya.This 12-week,MBA-style programme strengthened skills development and capacity building of 1,000 agri-entrepreneurs(particularly women and youth)running micro,small and medium-sized enterprises(MSMEs).Yara expanded these programmes further in Africa and Southeast Asia in 2023 and beyond.In

123、 2022,SIPA also launched a programme to help strengthen Kenyas potato farming value chain.The company has been working closely with Kenyan smallholder potato farmers to connect them to the full food value chain.CASE STUDY 2Yara International An Action Plan to Accelerate Global Business and Investmen

124、t in Africa13The brewing industry has been an investor in Africa for more than a century,across a long value chain from agriculture to malting,beer production and distribution networks.The beer sector and its downstream supply chain contributes$13.9 billion of gross value added(GVA)to Africas econom

125、y and provides 2.8 million jobs.24 The sector also has significant implications for local economies:89%of economic activity occurs where the beer is produced,making it critical to move more production to the continent.25 Its long and complex value chain provides an excellent opportunity to build res

126、ilient supply chains that support the development of agriculture,reduce reliance on imports and support manufacturing on the continent.Worldwide Brewing Alliance(WBA),Anheuser-Busch(AB)InBev and Heineken have committed to work in partnership with the Forum and the AfCFTA to increase the sourcing of

127、raw materials from Africa and to accelerate the transition of raw materials to finished goods between African countries.The partners acknowledge that building a resilient,sustainable value chain is a long-term investment,taking a minimum of 5-10 years to achieve scale through a multi-stakeholder app

128、roach that is supported by a clear vision from national governments and enabled by a supportive regulatory,trade and investment environment.The partnership also recognizes the potential to expand projects such as Heinekens CREATE project in Ethiopia,which has a goal of sourcing 60%of agricultural ra

129、w materials via local sourcing within the continent.26 The project introduced new barley varieties and support measures for more than 40,000 farmers to produce around 300,000 tonnes of barley per year.These investments had significant impact:productivity increased,in turn attracting major inward inv

130、estment from two global malting businesses,which then brought value-adding processing capability to Ethiopia.These projects are continuing to improve and expand based on lessons learned.Background:Nile Breweries Limited,the Ugandan subsidiary of Anheuser-Busch(AB)InBev,has a global sustainability co

131、mmitment to skill,connect and financially empower 100%of their direct farmers by 2025.To do so,the company provides farmers with training and access to inputs to enhance their farming and entrepreneurial skills.They have introduced malting barley to Uganda and have helped build a professional local

132、supply chain which can be expanded to other markets.Goal:AB InBev and Heineken the two largest brewers in Africa are focused on increasing their local sourcing and purchase of raw materials for their businesses in Africa.To do so,they have launched crop initiatives in Ethiopia,Uganda,Tanzania,Zambia

133、 and Botswana to expand the range and value of crops to include not only traditional crops(e.g.sorghum,cassava)but also higher-value complex crops(e.g.barley,maize).These projects are in partnership with multilateral organizations such as the IFC and World Food Programme.Anheuser-Busch(AB)InBev and

134、Heineken project summaryCASE STUDY 3Worldwide Brewing Alliance Africa Beer Group(WBA-ABG)represented by Anheuser-Busch InBev and Heineken BOX 4An Action Plan to Accelerate Global Business and Investment in Africa14In addition to these specific company projects,the Forums Global Alliance for Trade Fa

135、cilitation has been working on convening a consortium of organizations,from both public and private sectors,to launch an extensive initiative targeting the digitalization of trade processes throughout the African continent.The alliance has garnered substantial expertise in this field,particularly in

136、 the agro-food sector that is crucially important for the continent.The alliance is focusing initially on e-certification of phytosanitary certificates(ePhyto certificates),which can be a major cause of delay when processed manually.These certificates are issued by National Plant Protection Organiza

137、tions(NPPOs)in export countries and,until now,needed to be submitted in their original hard-copy form in the country of import for clearance of the goods.Over the past five years,the alliance has successfully implemented 12 projects across various global regions converting this slow manual procedure

138、 to a digital process,with significant savings as a result.To succeed in this work,the alliance adopts a systematic and uniform approach to digitalization,engaging in each country to orchestrate the planning,sequencing and execution of all activities necessary for national IT integration.Throughout

139、this work,the emphasis remains on fostering public-private collaboration.These initiatives extend beyond simply installing hardware and software;they encompass the evaluation of pertinent legal documents and regulatory frameworks,restructuring business processes,standardizing protocols and datasets,

140、training government officials and raising awareness about impending changes.To assess the impacts of these projects,the alliance calculates savings in terms of time and cost for countries.For example,in Morocco,the alliance estimated a saving of$40 million per annum for an overall investment of$750,

141、000.The alliance now plans to engage on a comprehensive digitalization initiative to expand the ePhyto certification process to more countries in Africa.So far,12 countries have connected to the ePhyto hub of the International Plant Protection Convention(IPPC),an electronic data interchange platform

142、.To date,six African countries have fully integrated ePhyto into their processes,four of which were supported by the alliance(Cameroon,Senegal,Morocco and Madagascar).Problem:To ship plant products across borders,a phytosanitary certificate is necessary to confirm the plants have been officially ins

143、pected in the country of origin,comply with statutory requirements for entry into the importing country and are free from quarantine pests and diseases.These certificates are issued by authorities in exporting countries and,until now,needed to be submitted in their original hard-copy form in the cou

144、ntry of import for clearance of the goods,causing major delays.Goal:This slow manual procedure can be converted to a digital process,bringing significant time and cost savings.By undertaking an expansive,continent-wide rollout of electronic phytosanitary certificates(ePhyto),the projects goal is to

145、enable the seamless connection of at least 70%of all African countries to the ePhyto hub of the International Plant Protection Convention within the next 36 months.Impact and timeline:The alliance has calculated that savings in terms of time and cost following Moroccos adoption of ePhyto total$40 mi

146、llion per annum for an overall investment of$750,000.More advanced countries will achieve full functionality within nine months of project implementation,while other countries may require a full 36 months.World Economic Forums Global Alliance for Trade Facilitation project summaryCASE STUDY 4World E

147、conomic Forums Global Alliance for Trade Facilitation BOX 5An Action Plan to Accelerate Global Business and Investment in Africa15CASE STUDY 4World Economic Forums Global Alliance for Trade Facilitation(Continued)The alliance is working on the next steps to implement this digitalization initiative,w

148、hich include signing agreements with key partners,conducting a feasibility study to confirm budgets and timelines,seeking beneficiary government commitment letters,establishing a plan for donor engagement and funding,establishing operational working groups and beginning to roll out the solution.The

149、success of such an initiative could be a catalyst for further digitalization projects including the adoption of full cross-border e-certification which would fully align with the objectives of the AfCFTA.During 2024,the Forum will summarize the progress and outcomes of these projects as well as othe

150、r initiatives under development from Forum members.Together,these projects will help move Africas agriculture and agro-processing sector forward while continuing to attract private investment and promote public-private cooperation to unlock the opportunities of the AfCFTA.An Action Plan to Accelerat

151、e Global Business and Investment in Africa16Transport and logistics2As demand grows for intra-African logistics,leading global companies are upgrading ports,warehouses and processes to help drive Africas economic transformation.Overview:projections and goalsThe transport and logistics industry has a

152、n important role to play in enabling the acceleration of intra-African trade and increasing investment and export activity overall.Demand for logistics and transport is skyrocketing as trade barriers and import costs are lowered,particularly as small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)are increasingl

153、y integrated and connected to the larger continental market.The establishment of the AfCFTA is projected to increase intra-African freight demand by 28%,requiring an additional 2 million trucks,100,000 rail wagons,250 aircraft and more than 100 vessels by 2030.Maritime trade is also expected to incr

154、ease from 58 million to 132 million tonnes by the end of this decade.In addition,a key goal of the industry is to reduce Africas dependency on imports currently$36.8 billion annually for freight transportation.The logistics and transport industry must be ready to meet such demand.This will require s

155、ignificant investment and concerted efforts by the private sector in partnership with other players.To do so,a few key Forum partners and companies in this sector in Africa have announced initiatives that aim to support SMEs,help facilitate trade more effectively and attract more foreign investment

156、in the industry across African countries.Goal:A key goal of the transport and logistics industry is to reduce Africas dependency on imports.The establishment of the AfCFTA is projected to increase intra-African freight demand by 28%,requiring an additional 2 million trucks,100,000 rail wagons,250 ai

157、rcraft and more than 100 vessels by 2030.An Action Plan to Accelerate Global Business and Investment in Africa17DHLs GoTrade initiative project summary&goalsDHL is the worlds largest logistics company and the global leader for providing international shipping,courier services and transportation.Give

158、n its global reach operating in 220 countries and territories,DHL has history and expertise when it comes to trade facilitation.Aligned with the overall goals of the AfCFTA of reducing trade barriers and modernizing customs procedures,DHL has launched its GoTrade initiative which seeks to drive incl

159、usive and sustainable economic development,including in African countries,by focusing on trade facilitation and SME capacity development.GoTrade facilitates collaboration between DHL experts on the ground and customs organizations to identify bottlenecks and reduce administrative burdens,processing

160、times and compliance costs.In partnership with GIZ(Germanys international development agency),GoTrade has spearheaded a trade facilitation initiative in Cte dIvoire andRwanda.Empowering SMEsGoTrade also focuses on SME capacity building for cross-border trading.In the past three years,GoTrade has tra

161、ined over 4,000 SMEs globally with hopes to continue through three distinct programmes.DHL GoTrade GBSN fellowship programmeDHL and the Global Business School Network have joined forces to deliver a programme that pairs SMEs and graduate business students in a 12-month business development and mento

162、rship programme that includes training aimed at enabling logistics capabilities and enhancing trade and growth in developing markets.So far,the programme has been introduced in five African countries(Kenya,Namibia,Nigeria,Cameroon and Uganda)and is expected to reach even more countries in Africa in

163、its third edition,expected to start in 2024.Power up your businessGoTrade and the International Trade Centres SheTrades programme organized a six-part webinar series for 1,300 SMEs from across 66 countries,including Nigeria,South Africa and Kenya,aimed at providing expertise and capabilities to wome

164、n-led businesses in becoming export-ready.Participants confirmed that they had gained an improved understanding of trade agreements and Incoterms,27 digitalization of business operations and strategies for improving supply chains.DHL plans to continue the programme throughout 2024.Responsible supply

165、 chains:agriculture&agro-processing in KenyaGoTrade has a focused initiative on tea and coffee sectors in Kenya which aims to empower local farmers to engage in value-addition processes.GoTrade,alongside the United Nations Industrial Development Organization(UNIDO)and other partners,will continue in

166、itiatives in 2024 and beyond to support SMEs in this industry with packaging and branding solutions and other aspects to help them compete in theglobalmarketplace.These projects will make a major impact on the key area of workforce development while also providing insight into best practices based o

167、n DHLs experience in Rwanda and Cte dIvoire.CASE STUDY 5DHLCorporate case studiesCte dIvoire:The initiatives goal is to expedite trade processes and bolster the competitiveness of the Ivorian trade ecosystem by focusing on pre-arrival processing(PAP)and improving the handling of air express import c

168、argo.The goal is to align import procedures and establish a direct and automated link between airlines companies and the Ivorian national single window system.Rwanda:In addition to PAP,DHLs initiative in Rwanda focuses on pre-departure processing(PDP)for express and postal shipments to facilitate ex

169、ports.The goal is to release express shipments within a one-hour time frame from their arrival at the airport.BOX 6An Action Plan to Accelerate Global Business and Investment in Africa18Agilitys campaign to enhance multinational access to Africa project summaryAgility is a Kuwait-based global logist

170、ics company.In response to the challenges facing international companies entering the African market,Agility has announced its campaign of“Inspiring FDI and Multi National Access to Africa”.The goal is to enable FDI to the continent and build the confidence of new international companies to invest.A

171、gility is working to address constraints to FDI including the repatriation of investment funds and profits,exchange risk,slow lead times,cost of logistics,expensive capital,bureaucracy and lack of regional market access.The campaign is in partnership with a range of institutions including:the World

172、Economic Forum,AfCFTA Secretariat,investment promotion agencies,chambers of commerce,Chatham House Africa Programme and Invest Africa.With the collaboration and buy-in of these players,the campaign has the potential to be transformative for Africas logistics sector.In terms of initiatives,Agility re

173、cently announced a joint venture with the development arm of engineering company Hassan Allam Holding to build and operate warehouses in Egypt.The joint venture made an initial investment of$100 million to create a 270,000m2 site with plans for a second park in 2024.Known as the Yanmu logistics park

174、s,they will focus on meeting the needs of e-commerce,food and beverage,technology,automotive,energy,industrial goods and pharmaceutical industries.28 Agility has also announced a$60 million investment to develop two customs and logistics centres in the Suez Canal Economic Zone.These investments are

175、the product of public-private dialogue and planning and aim to make a lasting impact on Africas transport and logistics industry at a time when trade to and within the continent is set to accelerate.CASE STUDY 6Agility Agility is addressing five key areas to stimulate business access to Africa and i

176、ncrease FDI to the continent:1 Access to regional markets and AfCFTA2 Enabling the ease of entry to African markets3 Demystifying the entrance to market4 International standard-compliant infrastructure5 Providing a familiar and enabling environmentBOX 7An Action Plan to Accelerate Global Business an

177、d Investment in Africa19DP World,a Dubai-based multinational logistics company,has transformed its strategy in response to overwhelming demand for cargo services.The company started as a traditional ports operator but has evolved into a global leader in end-to-end supply chain logistics29 a transfor

178、mation requiring$6 billion of investment.Today,DP World owns and manages 203 warehouses in 48 different countries.DP World is in the process of developing warehousing and third-party logistics capabilities in Egypt through its operations at strategic industrial zones and logistics parks.In 2023,DPWo

179、rld announced an$80 million investment in the development of a mega-logistics park spread over 300,000m2 in Sokhna,Egypt in an agreement with Egypts Suez Canal Economic Zone(SCZONE).The facility will be focused on logistics,trading,distribution,and value-added and light industrial activities.30 The

180、first phase during 2023 included meetings with partners,investors and industrial developers to make sure the project is within SCZONEs vision and the Egypt 2030 vision.31 Once complete,the logistics park is expected to create 600 direct and indirect jobs.32In October 2023,DP World announced they had

181、 signed a 30-year contract to upgrade and operate part of Tanzanias Dar es Salaam port.The agreement includes an initial investment of more than$250 million which could go up to$1 billion by the end of the 30-year period.The initial investment will include upgrades to improve rail-linked logistics o

182、perations and the installation of temperature-controlled storage facilities for the agriculture sector.DP World will operate four berths at the port to manage roll-on/roll-off bulk,general cargo and containers.The port is critical for landlocked countries in East Africa and the sub-Saharan region.33

183、 This decision is a significant step forward for the company to support trade opportunities in East Africa and the broadercontinent.34The Tanzania Port Authority will also be a shareholder in the port concessionaire to make sure there are no job losses for local employees.DP Worlds CEO emphasized th

184、at the project is in line with the broader company strategy to leverage its expertise to enhance supply chains to unlock economic growth on the continent.35 Looking ahead,DP World foresees additional investments during the agreement period including a network of roads,railways and freight corridors.

185、These projects are commitments to the broader transport and logistics industry goal of facilitating greater trade volumes effectively and efficiently through strong local logistics providers.By reducing import dependency,Forum partners will accelerate the continents economic transformation and enabl

186、e greater trade volumes while adding value locally.CASE STUDY 7DP WorldEgypt:DP World is investing$80 million into a mega-logistics park spread over 300,000m2 in Sokhna,Egypt in an agreement with Egypts Suez Canal Economic Zone(SCZONE).Tanzania:DP World has signed a 30-year contract to upgrade and o

187、perate part of Tanzanias Dar es Salaam port.The agreement includes an initial investment of more than$250 million which could go up to$1 billion by the end of the 30-year period.DP Worlds Africa initiatives summaryBOX 8An Action Plan to Accelerate Global Business and Investment in Africa20Automotive

188、3Accelerating local assembly and production of vehicles is a high priority for the automotive sector,especially given Africas access to minerals and metals critical to meet growing global demand for electric vehicles.Goal:By 2035,Africa can become a manufacturer of between 4 and 5 million vehicles(c

189、ompared to 1.1 million in 2022),which could translate into 20+additional full-size manufacturing plants on the continent.36The electrical vehicle(EV)market is a key target for the continent,as the global market for EVs is projected to be$7.7 trillion by 2025 and$46 trillion by 2050.Meanwhile,Africa

190、holds 19%of the worlds critical minerals and metals required for building EVs.37 While electric vehicles make up a small proportion of Africas current automotive production and sales,demand is increasing,especially as some of the continents main trading partners have implemented bans on internal com

191、bustion engine vehicles going into effect asearly as 2035.The electrical vehicle(EV)market projected to be worth$7.7 trillion by 2025 and$46 trillion by 2050 is a key target for Africa,especially as the continent holds 19%of the worlds critical minerals and metals required for building EVs.Yet at cu

192、rrent production capacity and demand,it is projected that only 20%of African vehicles will be electric by 2040.38 Significant investment in local production is needed to seize this opportunity.To do so,partnerships between African automotive companies and global collaborators will play a huge role,t

193、o help provide the technology and knowledge needed to upgrade local processing and production and add value beyond the supply of raw materials.Lack of proactive action in relation to EV production and adoption may accelerate the import of used internal combustion engine vehicles according to UN data

194、,Africa is by some margin the worlds largest importer of used light-duty vehicles,accounting for 24%39 of the 23 million units exported globally from 2015-2020.Overview:projections and goalsAutomotive production on the African continent has been growing over the past few years.The industry is workin

195、g to direct domestic production towards meeting growing local demand,while beginning to develop a robust value chain across the continent.This goal will be strengthened by the AfCFTA,since companies will be able to establish assembly plants in one country while targeting a wider consumer base,as wel

196、l as taking advantage of reduced tariffs on local inputs such as aluminium from Mozambique or rubber from Cte dIvoire.The Forum and its partners are working together to ensure that local value addition is at the forefront of Africas automotive industry.An Action Plan to Accelerate Global Business an

197、d Investment in Africa21In 2023,the African Association of Automotive Manufacturers(AAAM)helped develop a continental automotive strategy and implementation plan,which aims to make significant strides towards building a robust local automotive value chain on the continent.The strategy was created by

198、 a wide range of stakeholders including AAAM,AfCFTA Secretariat,African Union,UN Economic Commission for Africa(UNECA),Afreximbank and African Organisation for Standardisation(ARSO)demonstrating the breadth of will and commitment from public and private players for Africas automotive sector to reach

199、 manufacturing goals that could bring significant benefits in terms of job creation,balance of payments and climate mitigation.The next step is to develop compatible national policies to drive manufacturing competitiveness and support continental production.Currently,only Morocco and South Africa ha

200、ve well-integrated automotive industries with deep localization.However many other African countries are evolving as initial hub assemblers within the AfCFTA,while others are developing strategies related to component manufacturing,research and development and other parts of the automotive value cha

201、in.The continental strategy and its forthcoming national counterparts are important efforts to create linkages that facilitate trade,investment and partnerships within the industry.CASE STUDY 8African Association of Automotive Manufacturers(AAAM)Corporate case studiesAn Action Plan to Accelerate Glo

202、bal Business and Investment in Africa22Start date 2022202520272030Goals 1.New vehicle sales in Africa (2022=1.05m units)2.Investments in the value chain(cumulative and excluding assembly)1.39m units$100m 1.70m units$300m 2.50m units$700mStrategies Implement continental automotive strategy agreed by

203、AfCFTA in February 2023.National policy implementation is key.Industrial partnership agreements with countries and regions.AfCFTA localization of vehicles and parts.Trading within the AfCFTA.Target customers&market segments Emerging middle class:provide access to affordable vehicle asset finance(VAF

204、).Transition to used vehicles sourced from those assembled in Africa that attract VAF.Innovative solutions drive demand across various mobility segments.New Energy Vehicles comprise 20%of total demand.Value propositions Affordable mobility solutions.Vehicles and parts meet minimum,harmonized standar

205、ds on emissions,safetyand fuel quality.Used vehicle exports meet minimum standards.Africa no longer a dumping ground for the world.Significant job creation.Competitive advantages Ambitious rules of origin agreed in 2024 that will driveindustrialization.Public and private sector collaboration.Regiona

206、l collaboration among countries.Strong growth in intra-African automotive trade.40Strategic resources&investment Afreximbank provides$1bn in funding over 5 years.Cater for large and smaller investments.Expand funding sources to substantially develop the entire automotive value chain.Development fina

207、nce institution(DFI)financing for decarbonization.Further funding provided for deeper localization and technology investments in the value chain.Capabilities and competencies Alignment on AfCFTA countries roles in the automotive value chain.Mineral beneficiation41 into global automotive value chains

208、.Competitive manufacturing due to scale of AfCFTA.Strategic partnerships&distribution Effective implementation structures.Strong in-country public/private sector collaboration.Collaboration by private sector automotive associations across Africa,supporting complementary trade.Establish frameworks of

209、 AfCFTA trade with external partners.Indicators&performance controls Automotive task force driving implementation reporting to AfCFTA.Capability development model rolled out across Africa monitored by AfCFTA.Automotive unit established in AfCFTA Secretariat to monitor and guide refinements to the st

210、rategy.Africas continental automotive strategy and implementation planTABLE 1Source:African Association of Automotive Manufacturers(AAAM)An Action Plan to Accelerate Global Business and Investment in Africa23CASE STUDY 9Our Next Energy(ONE)CASE STUDY 10VolkswagenVolkswagen has been a long-term partn

211、er on the continent,committed to the industrialization of Africa through meaningful growth and job creation in the automotive sector.Volkswagen has two wholly-owned subsidiaries in Rwanda and Ghana,with local assembly production in these countries as well as in Kenya.Volkswagen is accelerating its a

212、ctivity in Africa with plans to scale up existing initiatives.For example,the company operates an innovative mobility solutions business in Rwanda that offers affordable access through a mobile application to new vehicles that are assembled in the country.Given its success and potential for scale,Vo

213、lkswagen plans to roll out a similar mobility business across the continent.Volkswagen is also pursuing public-private partnerships.In Rwanda,the company has signed an agreement with the government to establish a modern farm with electric tractors.The government has agreed to provide land as well as

214、 assistance with permitting and licensing,while the company plans to make a positive socioeconomic and environmental impact by creating and powering a business ecosystem that is carbon-neutral.Volkswagen hopes to use these types of innovative and transformative partnerships as a model for future pro

215、jects.Our Next Energy(ONE)is an energy storage company committed to accelerating the worlds transition to renewable energy.Recognizing the vast potential of the automotive industry on the continent,ONE is committed to establishing a manufacturing presence and robust supply chain within Africa.To do

216、so,the company is launching Aries Grid an energy storage solution that will encourage the adoption of EVs in Africa.The project includes the launch of two transformative technologies:Aries LFP battery packs and the stationary Aries Grid.ONE is committed to scaling up these initiatives alongside othe

217、r energy products that are currently in development,to help Africa reach its SDG energy goals,while also empowering the automotive sector to become leaders in EV production.Target AudienceElectric transportationExpected production dateIn productionGoalSupport the conversion of 1,000 diesel vehicles

218、to electric vehicles by 2025AfCFTA relevanceElectric transportationTarget AudienceGovernments and companiesExpected production dateQ2 2024GoalImprove grid reliability and accelerate integration of renewable energy into the gridAfCFTA relevanceJob creationAries LFP battery packs can power medium-and

219、heavy-duty vehicles,offering the automotive industry compact power that is safe,durable and scalable.LFP refers to Lithium Iron Phosphate(LiFePO4)technology that has a much longer cycle life than lithium ion batteries.By utilizing raw materials readily available in Africa,LFP chemistry is an importa

220、nt way to add value and ultimately to convert diesel buses and trucks into EVs.The Aries Grid is a stationary energy storage system that can improve grid reliability and accelerate the integration of renewable energy sources into the grid.With 3.56 MWh of usable energy per container,Aries Grid has e

221、nough capacity to power factories,data centres and even residential communities.Aries LFP battery packs Aries GridAn Action Plan to Accelerate Global Business and Investment in Africa24Pharmaceuticals4Today Africa meets just 1%of its demand for essential medicines through domestic production but pla

222、ns are underway to enable the continent to manufacture 60%of its vaccine needs locally by 2040.AfCFTA is also one of those instruments that could be leveraged to strengthen Africas capabilities to build the ecosystem to support domestic manufacturing and ensure a sustainable market under preferentia

223、l trade conditions.At the EU-Africa Business Forum(EABF)the global and African local pharmaceutical industries identified key areas that would need to be addressed in the African pharmaceutical sector to enhance the further development and competitiveness of the sector.Overview:projections and goals

224、The COVID-19 pandemic laid bare many challenges facing Africa,including the lack of local manufacturing,insufficiently robust healthcare systems and infrastructure,weak regulatory systems and harmonization,nascent local partners,unethical business practices and trade barriers across the global pharm

225、aceutical value chain.Africa needs to create its own healthcare ecosystems to help address these challenges that have left its countries extremely vulnerable.Through continental coordination,developments in the pharmaceutical industry have reinforced the roles of regional health security mechanisms

226、and public-private partnerships in addressing health issues in a responsive and coordinated manner.The pandemic showed governments and the industry that not only is it possible for public and private sectors to work together to achieve security of supply,it is imperative.The AfCFTA has a unique oppo

227、rtunity to help enhance internal trade and supply routes,remove tariff and non-tariff barriers and ensure the free movement of workers and professionals.It can create a stable business environment that respects business ethics and incentivizes local innovation and entrepreneurship including through

228、intellectual property.And it can help build sustainable healthcare systems and provide opportunities for the development of the pharmaceutical sector across the value chain.However,a great deal of work is needed to create the policy environment to support sustainable investments in local production

229、and strengthening healthcare systems.For example,there is no single,coherent African market for the pharmaceutical sector,even with the AfCFTA.Manufacturers must conform with 54 different regulatory agencies and meet local standards that preclude economies ofscale.Eliminating these individualized st

230、andards,including through work with the AfCFTA and the African Medicines Agency(AMA),is critical for removing regulatory barriers that prevent patient access to medicines and disincentivize localinvestment.Goal:Remove regulatory barriers that prevent patient access to medicines and create a single A

231、frican pharmaceutical market to incentivize investment and enable Africa to manufacture 60%of its vaccine needs locally by 2040”An Action Plan to Accelerate Global Business and Investment in Africa25Key policies needed to develop Africas healthcare marketThe development of attractive healthcare mark

232、et environments in Africa requires the adoption and implementation of key policies which include the following:Put in place sustainable financing mechanisms across the value chain and models with access to low-interest capital;offer appropriate incentives to encourage local,regional and internationa

233、l private sector investment.Ensure a stable business environment that respects business ethics and the rule of law.Provide incentives for local innovation and entrepreneurship including through intellectual property protection and enforcement.Ensure development and retention of local skilled workfor

234、ces.Establish a sustainable and well-funded R&D ecosystem for new product development.Foster growing demand for healthcare products to bolster demand predictability andconsolidation in local markets.Facilitate and encourage voluntary collaboration,such as technology transfer and joint ventures.Consi

235、der value-based procurement systems,bearing in mind appropriate regulatory standards.Ensure timely product registration,strengthen regulatory systems,and improve harmonization and reliance practices;provide support for the Africa Medicines Agency and regional regulatory initiatives.Adopt and enforce

236、 legislation to combat falsified and substandard medical products;support and enforce good manufacturing practice(GMP)standards.Enable and facilitate free trade,including effective implementation of the AfCFTA;eliminate non-trade barriers and foster international supply chain security.Multi-stakehol

237、der case studies and strategic initiativesIn the past two years,there have been many announcements and goals set for local production at the national,regional,continental and international levels.So far,several countries including Egypt,Kenya,Morocco,Senegal,South Africa,Uganda and Rwanda have made

238、significant progress towards strategies and actions for manufacturing vaccines.As commitments continue to grow from the private sector and other entities for local production,it is important more than ever to build the ecosystem that will support the investment and ensure sustainability.The strategi

239、c initiatives outlines below highlight not only these commitments for production but also demonstrate efforts to improve the overall policy environment,which is an essential prerequisite for success.Strategic Initiative 1:Regionalized Vaccine Manufacturing Collaborative(RVMC)and SK bioscienceIn 2022

240、,the World Economic Forum launched the Regionalized Vaccine Manufacturing Collaborative(RVMC),a global initiative to address vaccine distribution inequality between rich countries and low-and middle-income countries.The initiative brings together representatives from international organizations,incl

241、uding the World Health Organization(WHO),the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations(CEPI),the Pan American Health Organization(PAHO),Gavi and the heads of public health administrations.At the 2023 convening of RVMC,SK bioscience,a global vaccine and biotech company from Korea,announced a“Gl

242、ocalization”project which is now part of the companys key growth strategy.The project helps transfer vaccine R&D and manufacturing capabilities to lower-and middle-income countries through regional vaccine hubs.Kenya is one of many countries looking to partner with SK bioscience(see Box 9).Kenya aim

243、s to collaborate with SK bioscience to upgrade vaccine productionBOX 9Kenya aims to become the regional hub for specialized health products and technologies,particularly vaccines for children,adolescent girls and mothers.The market for these vaccines in the East African Community alone is over 150 m

244、illion doses per year.To service this demand,Kenyas government has emphasized the importance of engaging with SK bioscience to establish a“Fill and Finish”production of human vaccines.421An Action Plan to Accelerate Global Business and Investment in Africa26Strategic Initiative 2:The African Union,A

245、frica CDC and the Partnerships for African Vaccine Manufacturing(PAVM)Currently,99%of vaccines and 70%of essential medicine supply needs in Africa are being met by imports.43 Meanwhile,the African vaccine market is estimated to grow to between$2.8 billion and$5.6 billion by 2040 across existing and

246、projected products,according to Gavi,the Vaccine Alliance.44One initiative of the African Union(AU)and Africa CDC is the establishment,in 2021,of Partnerships for African Vaccine Manufacturing(PAVM).This is an important multi-stakeholder effort with an ambitious goal to enable Africa to manufacture

247、60%of its vaccine needs locally by 2040(see Box 10).Goals of the Partnerships for African Vaccine Manufacturing(PAVM)Progress made in key PAVM milestones47BOX 10BOX 11Overall goal:Enable Africa to manufacture 60%of its vaccine needs locally by 2040.45 Interim goals:Increase local vaccine manufacture

248、 from the current 1%of Africas needs to:10%by 2025 30%by 2030 More than 30 investment initiatives for vaccine manufacturing announced since COVID-19.National regulatory authorities in three countries have reached maturity level 3.The mRNA vaccine technology transfer hub became operational in Cape To

249、wn,South Africa.Training and capacity building with the International Vaccine Institute(IVI)Korea.Several technology and intellectual property(IP)transfers have taken place.Key technical studies on capacity building conducted.Diverse forms of technical assistance from biomanufacturing advisory firm

250、UNIZIMA,financial advisors Lions Head Global Partners,Clinton Health Access Initiative,Afreximbank and the African Development Bank(AfDB).In 2023,the PAVM Forum was organized to bring together a range of stakeholders including AU member states,manufacturers,national regulatory agencies and donors to

251、 provide updates on progress made and align on a way forward to reach the goals of the PAVM.462An Action Plan to Accelerate Global Business and Investment in Africa27Three recommendations from the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and AssociationsBOX 121 Regulation:Continue on

252、going engagement and advocacy to support plans to strengthen regulatory systems through regulatory reliance and convergence,in collaboration with the AMA,AfCFTA Secretariat,Africa CDCand regulatory agencies.2 Ethics:Support and work with the AfCFTA to combat the illicit trade in pharmaceuticals and

253、strengthen partnerships to foster health ethics and business integrity.3 Policy support:Create a working group for engagement between the private sector and policy-makers for the consultation and implementation of policies to support regional value chains.Strategic Initiative 3:International Federat

254、ion of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations(IFPMA)The International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations(IFPMA)and its members are committed to working with the AfCFTA to create the ecosystem that will accelerate progress towards achieving a competitive pharmaceutical

255、 sector in Africa and promoting sustainable access to healthcare through a multistakeholder approach.Consultation with the private sector is a key success factor to realizing regional and continental goals for the pharmaceutical sector under the AfCFTA.IFPMA recommends three concrete actions to help

256、 improve access to medicines,enhance the healthcare markets attractiveness to investment and sustain local production.3An Action Plan to Accelerate Global Business and Investment in Africa28IFPMA is working in partnership with regional stakeholders to help create a dynamic and collaborative public h

257、ealth ecosystem in Africa that puts people at its heart,through an approach that features innovation,access,health systems strengthening,regulatory harmonization,the fight against falsified medicines,universal health coverage(UHC),investment and trade,encompassed by business integrity.Some IFPMA ini

258、tiatives include the following:IFPMA and the H3D Foundation boosting health innovationH3D Foundation,48 the Holistic Drug Discovery and Development(H3D)Foundation,is based at the University of Cape Town and runs an R&D programme that focuses on developing drug technologies for diseases that predomin

259、antly affect African populations.IFPMAs partnership with H3D Foundation aims to strengthen capacity for health innovation in Africa.This allows the two organizations to combine forces to strengthen Africas capacity for drug discovery and development by scaling up existing initiatives and identifying

260、 new development opportunities for young and mid-career scientists in the region.IFPMA and the African Medicines Agency Treaty Alliance(AMATA)enhancing regulatory convergenceIFPMA is a founding member of the African Medicines Agency Treaty Alliance(AMATA),set up to advocate for the rapid ratificatio

261、n and implementation of the African Medicines Agency Treaty.IFPMA has created a network called the Africa Regulatory Network which has provided valuable input into ongoing discussions on the strengthening of regulatory systems in Africa.The network works in partnership with regulatory authorities,th

262、e pharmaceutical industry in Africa and relevant regulatory stakeholders to encourage greater harmonization and convergence of regulatory requirements.IFPMAs work in helping tackle falsified and substandard medicinesIFPMA and its members have committed to continue fighting falsified medicines,throug

263、h support for initiatives such as the Fight the Fakes Alliance,the Council of Europes MEDICRIME Convention and the WHO Member State Mechanism on Substandard and Falsified Medical Products,all of which aim to tackle the growing global problem of falsified and substandard medicines(FSMs).49 Some of IF

264、PMAs innovative members have built pioneering serialization and traceability capabilities and expertise,which can be helpful in tackling this challenge in certain contexts.According to the Fight the Fakes Alliance,approximately one in 10 medical products in Africa is substandard or falsified,leading

265、 to nearly 500,000 deaths annually in sub-Saharan Africa alone.The Alliance raises awareness about the consequences of FSMs,is a key source of information for international organizations,and aims influence change about the proliferation of substandard and falsified medicines.50 The MEDICRIME Convent

266、ion is the first international treaty against counterfeit medical products and other crimes related to public health.As of June 2023,nine African countries had signed the Convention.51 IFPMA sees an opportunity to expand these efforts over the next few years to bring in more African countries.CASE S

267、TUDY 11IFPMA and the creation of a dynamic and collaborative ecosystemApproximately one in 10 medical products in Africa is substandard or falsified,leading to nearly 500,000 deaths annually in sub-Saharan Africa alone.An Action Plan to Accelerate Global Business and Investment in Africa29Conclusion

268、5Looking ahead,the Forum will continue to support and report on the progress of the initiatives discussed in this report as they evolve.As discussed in last years report,the AfCFTA has five operational tools that can be helpful,related to overcoming the challenges and seizing the opportunities prese

269、nted by the continental free trade area as it continues to evolve towards full implementation(see Box 13).On a broader level,the Forum will help accelerate and strengthen the ways and means for these initiatives to develop,by organizing further public-private partnerships and dialogues with key stak

270、eholders and leaders.These initiatives and others that are being formulated will also be the subject of discussion at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2024.The Forum applauds the bold actions already taken by key partners and looks forward to working towards maximizing their long-term impact

271、across the continent.Five operational tools for navigating trade under the AfCFTABOX 131.The AfCFTAs guided trade initiative has facilitated the start of actual trade under the trade preferences.2.The pan-African payment and settlement system is a transformative tool that enables users to make near-

272、instant payments in their local currency without needing to convert to a foreign currency or use a third-party institution.3.The AfCFTAs adjustment facility fund is a combination of a base fund,general fund and credit fund that assists governments and the private sector in addressing short-term disr

273、uptions through financing,technical assistance,grants and compensation funding.4.The AfCFTAs private-sector engagement strategy is a tool that helps companies to better understand their overall continental strategies as well as specific initiatives and policy recommendations in emerging sectors prio

274、ritized by the AfCFTA.5.The rules of origin manual and e-tariff book set out guidelines for the rules and procedures determining the origin status of goods.This will help companies clarify and keep track of the changes in trade at the international and regional levels.An Action Plan to Accelerate Gl

275、obal Business and Investment in Africa30ContributorsAcknowledgementsLead author Landry Sign*Executive Director and Professor,Thunderbird School of Global Management,Washington DC;Co-Chair,World Economic Forum Regional Action Group for Africa*Landry Sign is a Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institutio

276、n.Contributing author Chido Munyati Head of Regional Agenda,Africa,World Economic ForumThe World Economic Forum thanks the following individuals for their contributions to this report:AfCFTA SecretariatCynthia Gnassingbe-Essonam Senior Adviser,Private Sector EngagementThemba Khumalo Adviser,Industri

277、al DevelopmentAfrican Association of Automotive Manufacturers(AAAM)Dave Coffey Chief Executive OfficerAgilityGeoffrey White Chief Executive Officer,AfricaThe Coca-Cola CompanyShiletsi Makhofane Senior Director,Public Policy,AfricaDeloitte Africa Hannes van der MerweSenior Manager Alex MoirAssociate

278、DirectorRavin SanjithAssociate DirectorAshleigh Theophanides Chief Sustainability OfficerDHLJason Blackman Director,Compliance,Customs and Regulatory Affairs,Sub-Saharan AfricaMaximillian Effah Regional Support,Trade Facilitation,GoTradeSarah Meinert Head of Knowledge Management,Go TradeEdna Oduwo R

279、egional GoTrade Coordinator,Sub-Saharan AfricaSteven Pope Vice-President,TradeInternational Chamber of CommerceChris Holden Development Manager,Business Action ProjectsAn Action Plan to Accelerate Global Business and Investment in Africa31International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and

280、AssociationsCyntia Genolet Associate Director,Africa Engagement,AfCFTA Task ForceNelson Mandela School of Public Governance,University of Cape TownFaizel IsmailDirectorNoncedo Vutula Chief Research OfficerOur Next EnergyDeeana Ahmed Chief Strategy OfficerShazia Ijaz Director of Social ImpactChristin

281、e Irish Chief of Staff,Strategy,Policy and Sustainability TeamLaura Raaen Vice President,Policy,Sustainability and CommunityOverseas Development InstituteDirk Willem te Velde Director,International Economic Development Group,Principal Research Fellow Volkswagen Group,South AfricaAndile Dlamini Head

282、of CommunicationsLutendo Khavhadi Head of Press ShopNthabiseng Komane Strategic Projects ManagerSiya Madikizela Executive Assistant of Chairperson and Managing DirectorWorldwide Brewing AllianceTony Eneh Executive Director,Africa Beer Group,Worldwide Brewing AllianceDavid Paterson Director Corporate

283、 Affairs,Africa,Middle East&Eastern Europe,The HEINEKEN CompanyAndrew Whiting Vice-President,Legal and Corporate Affairs,AB InBevYara InternationalDom LaVigne Director,Public Affairs and Corporate Communications,Africa and AsiaFernanda Lopes Larsen Executive Vice President,Africa and AsiaAnu Paasiar

284、o Director,Global Initiatives,Strategy and Business DevelopmentLuis Alfredo Prez Senior Vice President,Business Unit AfricaWorld Economic Forum Philippe Isler Director,Global Alliance for Trade Facilitation;Member of the Executive CommitteeWalter Mandela Lead,Regional and Global Cooperation,AfricaPr

285、oductionRose Chilvers Designer,Studio MikoLaurence Denmark Creative Director,Studio MikoJonathan Walter Freelance EditorThe World Economic Forum also thanks Hanna Dooley,Associate,Fourth Industrial Revolution Initiative,Thunderbird School of Global Management,for her special assistance.An Action Pla

286、n to Accelerate Global Business and Investment in Africa32Endnotes1.Yara International,input for Forum-AfCFTA action plan for global business and investment in Africa,2023,Oslo.2.World Economic Forum,AfCFTA:A New Era for Global Business and Investment in Africa,January 2023,https:/www.weforum.org/pu

287、blications/afcfta-a-new-era-for-global-business-and-investment-in-africa/.3.The World Bank,Trade Pact Could Boost Africas Income by$450 Billion,Study Finds,27 July 2020,https:/www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2020/07/27/african-continental-free-trade-area.4.World Bank,The African Continental

288、Free Trade Area:Economic and Distributional Effects,2020,Washington DC,https:/openknowledge.worldbank.org/entities/publication/1c04980c-dcd8-5bd9-9abc-a028630500db.5.World Economic Forum,AfCFTA:A New Era for Global Business and Investment in Africa,January 2023,https:/www.weforum.org/publications/af

289、cfta-a-new-era-for-global-business-and-investment-in-africa/.6.AfCFTA Secretariat,AfCFTA Private Sector Engagement Strategy,20222032,November 2021.7.United Nations Economic Commission for Africa(UNECA)and Konrad Adenauer Stiftung(KAS Office Ethiopia/AU),Policy Brief:Private sector as the backbone of

290、 the AfCTA implementation,https:/www.kas.de/documents/13332971/17139048/Policy+brief+-+Private+sector+as+%20the+backbone+of+the+AfCFTA+implementation.pdf/09f35ba4-326f-a283-bf48-5ee3965a1661?t=1655293939245.8.Agarwal,P.et al.,The African Continental Free Trade Area and the Automotive Value Chain,Ove

291、rseas Development Institute,14 July 2022:https:/odi.org/en/publications/the-afcfta-and-the-automotive-value-chain/.9.AfCFTA Secretariat,AfCFTA Private Sector Engagement Strategy,20222032,November 2021.10.African Union,Agenda 2063:The Africa We Want,https:/au.int/en/agenda2063/overview.11.Sign,L.and

292、Chido Munyati,How Africas new Free Trade Area will turbocharge the continents agriculture industry,World Economic Forum,14 March 2023,Geneva,https:/www.weforum.org/agenda/2023/03/how-africa-s-free-trade-area-will-turbocharge-the-continent-s-agriculture-industry/.12.Yara International,input for Forum

293、-AfCFTA action plan for global business and investment in Africa,2023,Oslo.13.Ibid.14.Mo Ibrahim Foundation,Global Africa:Africa in the World and the World in Africa,April 2023,https:/mo.ibrahim.foundation/sites/default/files/2023-04/2023-facts-figures-global-africa.pdf.15.Yara International,input f

294、or Forum-AfCFTA action plan for global business and investment in Africa,2023,Oslo.16.African Development Bank,Second international summit on food production in Africa to open in Dakar,18 January 2023,https:/www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/press-releases/second-international-summit-food-production-a

295、frica-open-dakar-58210.17.Hodder,G.and Brenda Migwalla,Africas agricultural revolution:From self-sufficiency to global food powerhouse,White and Case,12 July 2023,https:/ Economic Forum,AfCFTA:A New Era for Global Business and Investment in Africa,January 2023,https:/www.weforum.org/publications/afc

296、fta-a-new-era-for-global-business-and-investment-in-africa/.19.Hodder,G.and Brenda Migwalla,Africas agricultural revolution:From self-sufficiency to global food powerhouse,White and Case,12 July 2023,https:/ Economic Forum,AfCFTA:A New Era for Global Business and Investment in Africa,January 2023,ht

297、tps:/www.weforum.org/publications/afcfta-a-new-era-for-global-business-and-investment-in-africa/.21.Yara International,input for Forum-AfCFTA action plan for global business and investment in Africa,2023,Oslo.22.Snel,H.J.et al.,Opportunities to reduce post-harvest losses in the Kenyan mango sector t

298、hrough agroprocessing and agrologistics,2021,Wageningen University,Wageningen https:/research.wur.nl/en/publications/opportunities-to-reduce-post-harvest-losses-in-the-kenyan-mango-s.23.Muther,K.,Building a Better Food System in Africa through Shared Value Partnerships,YieldWise,https:/www.sharedval

299、ue.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/YieldWise-Case_Final.pdf.24.Worldwide Brewing Alliance(WBA),input for Forum-AfCFTA action plan for global business and investment in Africa,2023,Washington DC.25.Oxford Economics,Beers global economic footprint,10 February 2022,https:/ Ethiopia,31 January 2018,https

300、:/ Action Plan to Accelerate Global Business and Investment in Africa3327.Incoterms,widely-used terms of sale,area set of 11 internationally recognized rules which define the responsibilities of sellers and buyers.Incoterms specify who is responsible for paying for and managing the shipment,insuranc

301、e,documentation,customs clearance and other logistical activities.Source:International Trade Administration,Know Your Incoterms,https:/www.trade.gov/know-your-incoterms.28.Sambidge,A.,Agility and Hassan Allam link up to build logistics parks in Egypt,14 March 2023,Arabian Gulf Business Insight,Londo

302、n,https:/ of Dubai Media Office,Sultan bin Sulayem:DP World spent$6 billion to become comprehensive global supply chain player,27 September 2023,https:/mediaoffice.ae/en/news/2023/September/26-09/DP-World-spent-6-billion-to-become-comprehensive-global.30.Arab News,Dubais DP World to build$80m logist

303、ics park in Egypt,24 August 2022,https:/ Egyptian Gazette,SCZones MDC,DP World to establish logistic zone in Sokhna,18 August 2022,https:/egyptian- News,Dubais DP World to build$80m logistics park in Egypt,24 August 2022,https:/ World to operate key parts of Tanzanias Dar es Salaam Port,23 October 2

304、023,Ship Technology,https:/www.ship- World signs 30-year concession to operate Dar es Salaam port in Tanzania,Seatrade Maritime News,24 October 2023,https:/www.seatrade- Association of Automotive Manufacturers(AAAM),input for Forum-AfCFTA action plan for global business and investment in Africa,2023

305、,Johannesburg.37.United Nations Conference on Trade and Development(UNCTAD),Economic Development in Africa Report 2023:The Potential of Africa to Capture Technology-Intensive Global Supply Chains,2023,https:/digitallibrary.un.org/record/4018371?ln=en#:text=In%20Economic%20Development%20in%20Africa,i

306、ndustries%2C%20including%20automotives%2C%20electronics%2C.38.Ibid.39.United Nations Environment Programme(UNEP),Used Vehicles and the Environment:A Global Overview of Used Light Duty Vehicles:Flow,Scale and Regulation,Update and Progress 2021,Nairobi,https:/www.unep.org/resources/report/used-vehicl

307、es-and-environment-progress-and-updates-2021.40.In 2021,the automotive industry in the African continent was valued at$30.44 billion and predicted to grow to$42.06 billion by 2027.South Africa and Morocco were the two largest exporters accounting for over 80%of exports.But the continent as a whole i

308、s a major net importer of vehicles and parts.$4.5 billion or about 15%of total trade in the automotive industry was destined for other African countries(termed as intra-Africa trade).Source:Agarwal,P.et al.,The African Continental Free Trade Area and the Automotive Value Chain,Overseas Development I

309、nstitute(ODI),July 2022,http:/cdn-odi-production.s3-website-eu-west- beneficiation isthe science and art of separating valuable metallic and nonmetallic minerals from unusable gangue minerals.Source:ScienceDirect,Beneficiation,https:/ of Health,Government of Kenya,Kenyas Vaccine Manufacturing Vision

310、:Forging Partnerships with South Koreas Leading Biotech,25 July 2023,https:/www.health.go.ke/node/636.“Fill/finish refers to the filling and finishing that comes at the end of the manufacturing process.In the pharmaceuticals industry,finishing refers to the sterilization and standardizationof medica

311、l materials and containers,while filling means simply adding medicines to containers and sealing them.This is a critical phase of pharma manufacturing.Failing to complete fill/finish to a satisfactory level can result in medicine batches becoming damaged or otherwise unfit for consumption.In turn,th

312、is means increased costs for manufacturers who would need to re-do these defective batches.Source:Chemtech International,Fill/Finish Pharma Manufacturing Explained,2 February 2022,https:/chemtech- Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations(IFPMA),Supporting Africas health ecosystem,

313、2023,https:/www.ifpma.org/areas-of-work/supporting-africas-health-ecosystem/.44.Gavi,The Vaccine Alliance,Expanding sustainable vaccine manufacturing in Africa:Priorities for Support,November 2022,https:/www.gavi.org/news-resources/knowledge-products/expanding-sustainable-vaccine-manufacturing-afric

314、a-priorities-support.45.Ibid.An Action Plan to Accelerate Global Business and Investment in Africa3446.African Union and Africa CDC,The New Public Health Order:Africas health security Agenda,21 September 2022,https:/africacdc.org/news-item/the-new-public-health-order-africas-health-security-agenda/.

315、47.African Union,Africa CDC,African Vaccine Manufacturing Initiative,UNCTAD,Global event on enhancing the sustainability of investment for vaccine manufacturing in Africa,27-29 June 2023,https:/unctad.org/system/files/information-document/Summary_Report.pdf.48.IFPMA,Powerful,locally driven partnersh

316、ips for health innovation in Africa,27 November 2023,https:/www.ifpma.org/events/powerful-locally-driven-partnerships-for-health-innovation-in-africa/.49.Sources:Fight the Fakes Alliance,https:/fightthefakes.org/.Council of Europe,The MEDICRIME Convention,https:/www.coe.int/en/web/medicrime/the-medi

317、crime-convention.World Health Organization(WHO),The WHO Member State Mechanism on Substandard and Falsified Medical Products,24 June 2020,https:/www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MVP-EMP-SAV-2019.04.50.IFPMA,Fight the Fakes Alliance,2023,Geneva,https:/www.ifpma.org/initiatives/the-fight-the-fakes-

318、alliance/.51.Brazzaville Foundation,The Republic of Congo,ninth African signatory of the MEDICRIME Convention,5 June 2023,https:/www.brazzavillefoundation.org/en/the-republic-of-congo-ninth-african-signatory-of-the-medicrime-convention/.An Action Plan to Accelerate Global Business and Investment in

319、Africa35World Economic Forum9193 route de la CapiteCH-1223 Cologny/GenevaSwitzerland Tel.:+41(0)22 869 1212Fax:+41(0)22 786 2744contactweforum.orgwww.weforum.orgThe World Economic Forum,committed to improving the state of the world,is the International Organization for Public-Private Cooperation.The Forum engages the foremost political,business and other leaders of society to shape global,regional and industry agendas.