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1、Research and Innovation NUTRITIONCLIMATECIRCULARITYCOMMUNITIESResearch and innovation policy as a driver for sustainable,healthy,climate-resilient and inclusive food systemsFOOD 2030 Research and Innovation Pathways for action 2.0 Food 2030 Research and Innovation Pathways for action 2.0:Research an

2、d innovation policy as a driver for sustainable,healthy,climate-resilient and inclusive food systemsEuropean CommissionDirectorate-General for Research and Innovation Directorate B Healthy PlanetUnit B2 Bioeconomy and Food SystemsContact Karen FabbriEmail karen.fabbriec.europa.eu RTD-FOOD2030ec.euro

3、pa.eu RTD-PUBLICATIONSec.europa.euEuropean CommissionB-1049 BrusselsManuscript completed in November 2023 This document has been prepared for the European Commission:However it reflects the views only of the authors,and the European Commission shall not be liable for any consequence of reuse.More in

4、formation on the European Union is available on the internet(http:/europa.eu).PDFISBN 978-92-68-01289-5doi:10.2777/365011KI-09-23-138-EN-NLuxembourg:Publications Office of the European Union,2023 European Union,2023The reuse policy of European Commission documents is implemented by Commission Decisi

5、on 2011/833/EU of 12 December 2011 on the reuse of Commission documents(OJ L 330,14.12.2011,p.39).Unless otherwise noted,the reuse of this document is authorised under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International(CC-BY 4.0)licence(https:/creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).This means that reus

6、e is allowed provided appropriate credit is given and any changes are indicated.For any use or reproduction of elements that are not owned by the European Union,permission may need to be sought directly from the respective rightholders.The European Union does not own the copyright in relation to the

7、 following elements,or the other images in the document:Cover page:Pavla Zakova,#72347495;Janine,#462929054,Vera Kuttelvaserova,#493813369,Pixel-Shot,#276252284;2023.Source:Inside pages:alphaspirit,#347997471;AYAimages,#107569426;artjazz,#143913701;grinchh,#404321474;lufeethebear,#335717485;TANATPON

8、,#633250971;See Less,#281024058;New Africa,#408947697;Dennis,#399957352;doidam10,#575534848;malp,#457332892;2023.Source:EUROPEAN COMMISSIONDirectorate-General for Research and InnovationHealthy Planet2023FOOD 2030Research and Innovation Pathways for action 2.0 Research and innovation policy as a dri

9、ver for sustainable,healthy,climate-resilient and inclusive food systemsAuthors:Giulia BIZZOKaren FABBRIMagdalena GAJDZINSKAWim HAENTJENSDaniela LUETHHans-Joerg LUTZEYERGiuseppina LUVARGiulia MELONIJorge MOLINA VILLANUEVANoa SAINZ LOPEZCindy SCHOUMACHERNikos ZAMPOUKASCONTENTSFOREWORD.3ABBREVIATIONS.

10、5A VISION 2.0 FOR SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN EUROPE.7PATHWAY 1:GOVERNANCE FOR FOOD SYSTEMS CHANGE.29PATHWAY 2:URBAN FOOD SYSTEMS TRANSFORMATION.45PATHWAY 3:FOOD FROM THE OCEAN AND FRESHWATER RESOURCES.55PATHWAY 4:ALTERNATIVE PROTEINS FOR DIETARY SHIFT.69PATHWAY 5:FOOD WASTE

11、AND RESOURCE-EFFICIENT FOOD SYSTEMS.78PATHWAY 6:THE MICROBIOME WORLD.88PATHWAY 7:NUTRITION AND SUSTAINABLE HEALTHY DIETS.100PATHWAY 8:FOOD SAFETY SYSTEMS OF THE FUTURE.111PATHWAY 9:FOOD SYSTEMS AFRICA.122PATHWAY 10:DATA&DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION.134PATHWAY 11:ZERO POLLUTION FOOD SYSTEMS.1433FOOD 2030 R

12、esearch and Innovation Pathways for action 2.0FOREWORDEuropean food systems are at a decisive moment in their history.They are at a crossroads where we must navigate the complex and intertwined challenges of ensuring food security,while guaranteeing environmental sustainability and economic prosperi

13、ty.For our wellbeing and for that of future generations,we need to transition towards sustainable and healthy food systems that are regenerative and respect the planets limits.The European Commissions pioneering Food 2030 initiative,launched in 2016,steers research and innovation(R&I)policy to trans

14、form food systems in such a way that they deliver multiple benefits simultaneously.These benefits will be felt in nutrition and health,climate mitigation and adaptation,sustainability and circularity,and will ultimately empower communities.The holistic systems approach advocated in the Food 2030 ini

15、tiative transcends sectors,disciplines and institutional silos.It has set the direction and successfully supported and challenged the R&I community to step up its ambitions and investments in this area.At the intersection of several key policy priorities,Food 2030 is aligned with,and aims to deliver

16、 on,the European Green Deal,the Farm to Fork and Circular Bioeconomy Strategies,the new European Research Area and new European Innovation Agenda.With this in mind,I welcome the report Food 2030 Research and Innovation Pathways for Action 2.0.The document outlines eleven R&I Pathways to transform fo

17、od systems at local,regional,national,and international levels.It is my hope that the report inspires the R&I community and EU innovators and helps strengthen the food systems science-policy interface.I am sure that in the coming years,the strategic approach of Food 2030 to R&I policy will help shap

18、e our food systems and the wider bioeconomy,benefiting citizens,the environment and climate.By harnessing the power of R&I,we can move towards sustainable food systems that are not only productive and resilient,but also environmentally friendly and fair,while providing healthy food for all.In this e

19、ndeavour,the EU is well-positioned to lead by example.Food 2030 underlines the need for a collaborative spirit through current 4FOOD 2030 Research and Innovation Pathways for action 2.0and future EU R&I funding programmes and strategic agenda setting,where governments,academia,research institutions,

20、businesses,civil society and local communities join forces.It calls for approaches where experts and scientists in ecology,public health,technology,urban planning and the social sciences and humanities come together and engage broadly to design solutions that work for all of society.The challenges a

21、re clear.But so is our ability and determination to innovate to address them.Europes excellence in R&I puts us at the leading edge of this transition.For example,we have shown how food systems innovation in cities and regions can be a catalyst of change.Many promising advances have been made in area

22、s with huge potential for our future competitiveness:sustainable aquaculture,alternative protein foods,microbiome-based solutions,better nutrition and dietary shift,food safety and food fraud,sustainable and intelligent food packaging,and food waste within a circular bioeconomy.We need to continue t

23、o be science-evidence-based,to experiment and demonstrate.The food system transition will involve each and every one of us,wherever we live.I am inspired by the dedication and creativity of all those working towards this shared vision.Together,we have the potential to redefine the future of food sys

24、tems in Europe,setting a global example for others to follow.I urge all stakeholders to embrace the challenge before us.Lets double down on our commitment to be the leaders of the transition to a sustainable and just food future.Iliana IVANOVA European Commissioner for Innovation,Research,Culture,Ed

25、ucation and Youth5FOOD 2030 Research and Innovation Pathways for action 2.0ABBREVIATIONSAIArtificial IntelligenceAUAfrican UnionBioeastCentral eastern European initiative for knowledge-based agriculture,aquaculture and forestry in the bioeconomyCBE JUCircular Bio-based Europe Joint UndertakingDesira

26、Development Smart Innovation through Research in AgricultureEFSAEuropean Food Safety AuthorityEITEuropean Institute of Innovation and TechnologyEIT FoodEITs knowledge and innovation community for food systemsERAEuropean Research AreaERA-NETEuropean Research Area networkFAOFood and Agriculture Organi

27、zation of the UNFNSSAFood and Nutrition Security and Sustainable AgricultureFOSCFood System and Climate:assessing the impact of climate change on food and nutrition security and designing more sustainable and resilient food systems in Europe and beyondGHGGreenhouse GasHLPDHigh-level Policy Dialogue6

28、FOOD 2030 Research and Innovation Pathways for action 2.0IHMEInstitute for Health,Metrics and EvaluationIAInnovation ActionIPCCIntergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeJPIJoint Programming InitiativesKICKnowledge and Innovation CommunityLEAP-AGRIA long term EUAfrica research and innovation partnersh

29、ip on food and nutrition security and sustainable agricultureLIFEFinancial instrument for the environmentNCDNon-Communicable DiseaseOECDOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentPRIMAPartnership on Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean AreaR&IResearch and InnovationSCARStanding Co

30、mmittee for Agricultural ResearchSDGSustainable Development GoalSPISciencePolicy InterfaceSRIAStrategic Research and Innovation AgendaUNEPUnited Nations Environment ProgrammeUNFSSUN Food Systems Summit7FOOD 2030 Research and Innovation Pathways for action 2.0A VISION 2.0 FOR SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS

31、 RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN EUROPE1.FOOD 2030 A RESEARCH AND INNOVATION POLICY TO TRANSFORM FOOD SYSTEMSThis report is entitled Food 2030 Research and Innovation Pathways for action 2.0.It is an update of a previous version released in October 20201,which,in turn,built on the 2016 European Commissio

32、n staff working document2 that set out the ambition of Food 2030 as the EU research and innovation(R&I)policy framework to help drive the transition towards sustainable,healthy and inclusive food systems.This update is set within an evolving policy context affected by geopolitical uncertainties,incl

33、uding the Russian war of aggression against Ukraine,the fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic,rising concerns around food and nutrition security,accelerating biodiversity loss and climate change impacts.Furthermore,it takes place during a time of increasing spread of misinformation,loss of trust in exper

34、tise,rise in populism,increasing social anxiety regarding the future of humanity,combined with important advances in artificial intelligence(AI),which is expected to bring both positive and negative impacts.The complexity of tackling all these issues related to bringing about the needed transformati

35、on of our food systems will require more than technical and academic fixes;the issues are multiple and interconnected,encompassing social,legal,economic,environmental,financial,ethical and philosophical dimensions,all of which will need to be fully embedded in future R&I policies and programmes.The

36、Food 2030 pathways are being deployed via Horizon Europe,the EUs framework programme for R&I(20212027),which provides funding to support a diversity of projects and initiatives,in Europe and beyond.It is important to note that the pathways,however,do not cover all of the thematic areas requiring EU

37、investments in R&I related to food systems.Additional important areas of work,such as sustainable agriculture,healthy soil,agroecology,alternative pesticides,rural growth,precision farming,health and well-being,biotechnology,combating biodiversity loss,integrated water management,circular bioeconomy

38、,cultural heritage and rural development aspects,are dealt with by other,complementary,Horizon Europe work streams.1 European Commission,Directorate-General for Research and Innovation,de Froidmont-Grtz,I.,Faure,U.,Gajdzinska,M.,Haent Jens,W.,Krommer,J.,Lizaso,M.,Lutzeyer,H.-J.,Mangan,C.,Markakis,M.

39、,Schoumacher,C.,Tallarico,T.and Zampukas,N.(2020),Food 2030 pathways for action Research and innovation policy as a driver for sustainable,healthy and inclusive food systems,Publications Office of the European Union,Luxembourg.2 European Commission,Directorate-General for Research and Innovation(201

40、6),European research&innovation for food&nutrition security,Publications Office of the European Union,Luxembourg.8FOOD 2030 Research and Innovation Pathways for action 2.0Many of the pathways have strong interconnections,and it is there that co-creation across the different parts of the food systems

41、 can lead to the expected co-benefits and greater farm-to-fork coherence,taking on a holistic perspective.In addition to developing an R&I policy agenda that translates into Horizon Europes multiannual calls for proposals,Food 2030 is expected to deliver on issues linked to the renewed European rese

42、arch area(ERA)policy priorities and the EU circular and sustainable bioeconomy strategy and action plan.Investments in food system R&I also provide promising avenues for the NextGenerationEU recovery package to deploy a reinforced EU budget to help repair the immediate economic and social damage cau

43、sed by the COVID-19 pandemic,kick-start the recovery and prepare for a better future.The modernisation of the pathways was supported by a participatory expert workshop held on 10 March 2023 in Brussels,where about 90 experts with diverse backgrounds and experiences were invited to collectively refle

44、ct on the way forward.Each pathway acknowledges the experts contributions.9FOOD 2030 Research and Innovation Pathways for action 2.03 Plus symbols indicate the diversity of impacts of each pathway to the respective co-benefit,where+=one impact,+=two impacts,+=three impacts or more.Figure 1.1 The 11

45、Food 2030 pathways and co-benefits3.10FOOD 2030 Research and Innovation Pathways for action 2.0Figure 1.1 lists the 11 Food 2030 pathways and shows the diversity of co-benefits(identified positive effects of the Food 2030 R&I policy framework)that can be derived from their implementation.The subsequ

46、ent chapters describe each pathway by setting out their systemic challenges and specific policy contexts,also highlighting existing and perceived barriers and lock-ins and enablers of change.The chapters then summarise some R&I issues meriting further investment and provide overviews of the Food 203

47、0 results so far.Food 2030 makes use of Horizon Europe to help fund and deliver R&I on these pathways,but far more can be achieved if we work together.Collaborating closely with public and private funders and performers of R&I into other food systems will provide more focus,joined-up actions,impact

48、and leverage of R&I funding and resources.Food 2030 will continue to convene regarding these issues and foster better R&I governance.We hope that Food 2030 and its pathways can serve as an inspiration to others to take on more systemic approaches to how R&I policy can be built up,fostered and deploy

49、ed.2.POLICY CONTEXTFood 2030 does not take place in isolation but plays a role in an evolving European and global policy context.As highlighted by Antnio Guterres,UN Secretary-General,food systems hold the power to realize our shared vision for a better world4.There is now widespread recognition tha

50、t our food systems are affected by and the source of a wide range of simultaneous challenges:climate change,pollution,resource scarcity,urbanisation,a growing and ageing population,malnutrition,biodiversity loss,soil degradation,food loss and waste,and food poverty,to name a few.In addition,the COVI

51、D-19 pandemic and the Russian war of aggression against Ukraine have further increased the urgency of making our food systems more sustainable and resilient.These geopolitical events underlined the interconnectedness and pivotal importance of functioning food supply chains and the need to further in

52、crease the resilience of EU food systems to disturbances and shocks5,while ensuring food and nutrition security and environmental sustainability.It is no longer disputed that food systems transformation is needed that will enable us to live and thrive within planetary boundaries and ensure food and

53、nutrition security for all and in the long term for future generations.This requires a better understanding of the complex interactions between the components of our current food systems,and innovative ways to accelerate and develop solutions that can contribute to systemic change.These messages wer

54、e reinforced in 2023 by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)at the launch of its synthesis report6.Europe is well placed to lead in this endeavour,with its European Green Deal setting out a roadmap for transforming the EU economy,aiming for climate neutrality and 4 UN(2021),Secretary-

55、Generals chair summary,statement of action on United Nations Food Systems Summit,press release,23 September 2021.5 UNFSS(2021),COVID-19 and Food Systems:Rebuilding for resilience,Food Systems Summit brief.6 IPCC(2023),IPCC Climate Change 2023:Synthesis report,Geneva.11FOOD 2030 Research and Innovati

56、on Pathways for action 2.0sustainability,with a focus on energy,mobility and food systems.The ambition and need to transform food systems are addressed through various recent EU strategies,including the farm-to-fork strategy7,the biodiversity strategy8,the bioeconomy strategy9,the circular economy a

57、ction plan10 and the new European industrial strategy11.Also highly relevant are the EUs commitments to the UNs sustainable development goals(SDGs)and the 2015 Paris Agreement under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change.The farm-to-fork strategy was adopted in 2020.It calls for a food system

58、 transition in respect of planetary boundaries that is fair and just,and sets out objectives,targets and a collection of tangible actions that will help this transition become a reality.One of its flagship actions is the legislative framework for a sustainable food system.Its goal is to promote poli

59、cy coherence at the EU and national levels,embed sustainability in all food-related policies and strengthen the resilience of food systems.The farm-to-fork strategy highlights R&I as key drivers in accelerating the transition to sustainable,healthy and inclusive food systems,from primary production

60、to consumption.It recognises that R&I can help develop and test solutions,overcome barriers and uncover new market opportunities and specifically mentions Horizon Europe as a strategic programme for R&I.The R&I ambitions relevant to the farm-to-fork strategy are built on the lessons learned from and

61、 advocacy work of Food 2030,which,since 2016,has convened meetings and fostered a systems approach to R&I policy in this area.The farm-to-fork strategy is also supported by findings and recommendations set out in the EU Scientific Advice Mechanism opinions Towards a Sustainable Food System12 and Tow

62、ards Sustainable Food Consumption Promoting healthy,affordable and sustainable food consumption choices13.These two scientific opinions highlight the need for food to be considered a common good and not just a trading commodity,and that the EUs transition towards a sustainable food system must rely

63、on the widespread adoption of healthy and sustainable consumption practices,which are largely influenced by food environments.Their evidence bases are in full alignment with Food 2030,and hence the opinions and Food 2030 are mutually reinforcing.Another key set of policies highly relevant to food sy

64、stems are the common agricultural policy and the common fisheries policy.These are long-standing key pillars of EU policy,which have been progressively modernised and tend to focus more on sectoral primary production ambitions.Moreover,one of the common agricultural policy objectives focuses on R&I,

65、which has now also been integrated into many Member States 7 European Commission(2020),Commission communication A farm to fork strategy for a fair healthy and environmentally-friendly food system,COM(2020)381 final.8 European Commission(2020),Commission communication EU biodiversity strategy for 203

66、0:Bringing nature back into our lives,COM(2020)380 final.9 European Commission(2018),A Sustainable Bioeconomy for Europe:Strengthening the connection between economy,society and the environment Updated bioeconomy strategy,Publications Office of the European Union,Luxembourg.10 European Commission(20

67、20),Commission Communication A new Circular Economy Action Plan For a cleaner and more competitive Europe,COM/2020/98 final11 European Commission(2023),Commission staff working document Co-creation of a transition pathway for a more resilient,sustainable and digital agri-food ecosystem,SWD(2023)263

68、final.12 European Commission,Group of Chief Scientific Advisors(2020),Towards a sustainable food system Moving from food as a commodity to food as more of a common good,Independent expert report,Publications Office of the European Union,Luxembourg.13 European Commission,Group of Chief Scientific Adv

69、isors(2023),Towards Sustainable Food Consumption Promoting healthy,affordable and sustainable food consumption choices,scientific opinion No 14,Publications Office of the European Union,Luxembourg.12FOOD 2030 Research and Innovation Pathways for action 2.0common agricultural policy strategic plans t

70、o foster agricultural knowledge generation and transmission,innovation and digitalisation,and make use of Horizon Europe,its partnerships and missions,all of which are expected to contribute significantly to the European Green Deal.R&I efforts in primary agriculture are crucial for advancing sustain

71、able and healthy food production.Initiatives such as the EU mission A soil deal for Europe(see Box 6)are pioneering innovative solutions for the sustainable management and restoration of soil in rural and urban areas,as healthy soil is the basis for healthy and sustainable food.The recent European E

72、nvironment Agency report entitled Transforming Europes Food System Assessing the EU policy mix14 assesses the policy coherence between the farm-to-fork strategy,the common agricultural policy and the common fisheries policy regarding reaching the sustainable food systems goals.It reveals the followi

73、ng.Policies unevenly address key actors of the food system,so it is unlikely to lead to significant change:while consumers are over-targeted,key actors in the middle of the food value chain(e.g.manufacturers and retailers)are mostly involved in voluntary actions.Policies are not consistent with acti

74、ons to phase out unsustainable activities.To correct this,we need a significant reorientation of common agricultural policy spending,and various measures to address the availability and price of unsustainable products.The strong investment in research projects is not yet complemented by adequate lev

75、els of support for accelerating and upscaling radical innovations.Cultural and social lock-ins still need to be addressed and all stakeholders should be allowed to effectively participate in decision-making processes.There are incoherencies between policy goals and ambiguity regarding the desired di

76、rection of change in the EU food policy mix.Moreover,the EU also has a long-standing and extensive EU Food Law,which covers aspects related to food safety,novel foods and traceability.Traceability is a risk management tool necessary for managing the food safety systems of the future and the one heal

77、th approach.There are many other sectoral EU policies,regulations and initiatives that also have an impact on food systems and can help both give direction to and gain benefits from R&I,such as those addressing food waste reduction or the genetically modified organisms legislation for plants15.Ensur

78、ing policy coherence is by no means a small feat.To complement and support policy implementation,a variety of EU funding instruments exist that can contribute to food system transition,for example the EUs financial 14 European Environment Agency(2022),Transforming Europes Food System Assessing the E

79、U policy mix,EEA report No 14/2022,Publications Office of the European Union,Luxembourg.15 Adopted in July 2023:European Commission(2023),Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on plants obtained by certain new genomic techniques and their food and feed,and amending

80、Regulation(EU)2017/625,COM(2023)411 final,Brussels.13FOOD 2030 Research and Innovation Pathways for action 2.0instrument for the environment(LIFE)programme,for environment,nature conservation and climate action;the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development,for common agricultural policy imple

81、mentation;and the European Maritime,Fisheries and Aquaculture Fund,for common fisheries policy implementation.EU financial support directed at R&I,however,is driven through two main instruments:the EU framework programme for R&I(Horizon Europe)and the Development smart innovation through research in

82、 agriculture(Desira)initiative,nested under the Development Cooperation Instrument,which aims to contribute to the climate-relevant,productive and sustainable transformation of agriculture and food systems in low-and middle-income countries.At the global level,awareness of the need to fix our food s

83、ystems has also increased in recent years.In 2021,the first UN Food Systems Summit(UNFSS)was a pivotal moment in this process that also contributed to food systems being more embedded in climate-,biodiversity-and health-related discourses.As of November 2023,12 EU Member States have signalled their

84、commitment to developing national food system strategies as an outcome of the UNFSS process:Czechia,Denmark,Germany,Ireland,Spain,France,Italy,Hungary,Malta,Poland,Finland and Sweden.The role of science was key to the UNFSS process and was acknowledged as a driver that supports food system changes.T

85、he need to strengthen the sciencepolicy interface(SPI)for improved food systems governance was also addressed and supported by the European Commission through a dedicated high-level expert group,which delivered its findings and recommendation as a follow-up of the UNFSS in July 2022 in the form of t

86、he report Everyone at the Table:Transforming food systems by connecting science,policy and society16.The report concludes that food systems SPIs must be better supported and interconnected,and provides the recommendations and pathways needed to achieve that,such as multilateral governance,multisecto

87、ral task forces,and a network of networks of thematic SPIs working on or around food system issues.It highlights that food systems transformation is predominantly a social issue,so the concept of SPIs needs to evolve into one of sciencepolicysociety interfaces,where society is engaged in the process

88、.Many food-and agriculture-related policy initiatives,whether European or international,point to the key enabling role of science and R&I in providing the evidence base to help policymaking and decision-making and providing innovative solutions that can help accelerate the needed transition.The next

89、 section attempts to provide a snapshot of the EUs food systems R&I landscape connected to Horizon Europe,with which Food 2030 is closely interacting.3.RESEARCH AND INNOVATION LANDSCAPEThe EU R&I policy landscape related to food systems has evolved over the years.Figure 1.2 provides a rough snapshot

90、 of the landscape as of November 2023,but is not meant as an exhaustive overview.16 European Commission,Directorate-General for Research and Innovation,Webb,P.,Sonnino,R.,Fraser,E.and Arnold,T.(2022),Everyone at the Table Transforming food systems by connecting science,policy and society,Publication

91、s Office of the European Union,Luxembourg.14FOOD 2030 Research and Innovation Pathways for action 2.0 Excellence ScienceMEMBER STATES ERA SCAR JPI:HDHL,FACCE,OCEANS Partnerships PRIMA,EU-AU,HLPD FNSSA EU MissionsINNOVATION&TECHNOLOGY EIT Food NEIA CBE-JUCollaborative research in thematic areasFronti

92、er research grants for individualsGrants to support mobility of researchersCollaborative projects supporting R&IPILLAR 2Cluster 6 Food,Bioeconomy,Natural Resources,Agriculture&EnvironmentInnovative EuropeHORIZON EUROPE53.5 bln9 bln13.6 bln95.5 bln25 blnGlobal challenges&European industrial competiti

93、venessPILLAR 1PILLAR 3Figure 1.2 Funding and governance of the EUs food-system-related R&I,2021-2027NB:CBE JU,Circular Bio-based Europe joint undertaking;EIT,European Institute of Innovation and Technology;EU-AU HLPD,African UnionEU High-Level Policy Dialogue;FACCE,joint programming initiative on ag

94、riculture,food security and climate change;FNSSA,food and nutrition security and sustainable agriculture;HDHL,Healthy diet,healthy life;JPIs,joint programming initiatives;NEIA,new European innovation agenda;Oceans,healthy and productive seas and oceans;PRIMA,Partnership for Research and Innovation i

95、n the Mediterranean Area;SCAR,Standing Committee on Agricultural Research.The EU-level R&I landscape related to food systems makes good use of the Horizon Europe multiannual EU framework programme for R&I.It is the worlds largest public-sector R&I strategic programming and funding mechanism,which en

96、ables top-down and bottom-up R&I activities to be supported.Horizon Europe covers 20212027 and builds on its predecessors,the first of which was launched in the early 1980s.It is structured in three pillars,as shown in Figure 1.2.FOOD SYSTEMS IN HORIZON EUROPE15FOOD 2030 Research and Innovation Path

97、ways for action 2.0 PILLAR 1 of Horizon Europe supports frontier research and breakthrough scientific ideas,teams up the best researchers from Europe and beyond and equips them with skills and word-class research infrastructure.It provides grants to individual researchers and research teams,based on

98、 excellent science.A recent analysis by the European Research Council17 provides a very good overview of scientific achievements and reveals that about 100 grants relevant to the Food 2030 Pathways were attributed to single researchers totalling EUR 230 million during the previous Framework Programm

99、es of Horizon 2020(2014-2020)and Seventh Framework Programme(FP7)(2007-2013).PILLAR 2 of Horizon Europe focuses on science and technologies that address major global challenges,such as climate change,energy and health,and addressing the UNs SDGs.It has total funds of EUR 53.5 billion,of which roughl

100、y EUR 9 billion are granted to R&I projects responding to calls for proposals under Cluster 6 Food,Bioeconomy,Natural Resources,Agriculture and Environment18.In this cluster,two out of seven intervention areas are directly related to sustainable food systems:the agriculture,forestry and rural areas

101、intervention area,focusing predominantly on primary production,and the food systems intervention area,through which Food 2030 is deployed and which mostly addresses post-farm-gate R&I.Investments in these two intervention areas alone have amounted to approximately EUR 450 million per year under Hori

102、zon Europe so far(EUR 338 million per year for the intervention area on agriculture and EUR 113 million per year for the intervention area on food systems).These two agri-food intervention areas work in close cooperation to ensure system-wide R&I coverage from food production to consumption,in line

103、with the common agricultural policy,the farm-to-fork strategy and other EU Green Deal ambitions.PILLAR 3 of Horizon Europe implements activities to boost and better connect innovators in Europe and generally enhance the European innovation landscape.Under this pillar,the European Innovation Council(

104、EIC)was established and activities of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology(EIT)are promoted.The EIC aims to support researchers,companies and start-ups in scaling their innovations up to the market.It offers expertise and fosters connections among various food system stakeholders.For

105、example,in the 2023 work programme,the EIC had two agri-food-related challenges:the EIC accelerator challenge Novel technologies for resilient agriculture,with an indicative budget of EUR 65 million,and the EIC pathfinder challenge Precision nutrition,with an indicative budget of EUR 32.7 million.Th

106、e EIT supports the knowledge triangle,combining research,entrepreneurship and education(e.g.online courses on food systems).It supports business creation and innovation projects,which are offered within its knowledge and innovation communities(KICs).EIT Food is a KIC focused on sustainable food syst

107、ems and was established in 2016.The European Commission contribution to EIT Food in 20212022 was EUR 103.2 million and the EIT grant from 2023 to 2025(multiannual grant agreement)for EIT Food represents EUR 179.2 million.17 European Commission,Directorate-General for Research and Innovation,Webb,P.,

108、Sonnino,R.,Fraser,E.and Arnold,T.(2022),Everyone at the Table Transforming food systems by connecting science,policy and society,Publications Office of the European Union,Luxembourg.18 European Commission(2021)Presentation outlining Horizon Europe.Investing to shape our future.16FOOD 2030 Research a

109、nd Innovation Pathways for action 2.0The European Commission also has a central steering role in the work of the Member-State-led Standing Committee on Agricultural Research(SCAR)(see Box 1).In addition,given that Member States have their own national R&I policies and funds,one of the objectives of

110、Food 2030 is to develop a food system ERA that aligns national R&I policies and fosters joint programming19(see Box 2).Box 1.SCARSCAR is a committee that was established in 1974 and represents more than 35 countries all EU Member States,EU candidate countries,EU associated countries and some other n

111、on-EU countries.The committee became a source of advice on European agricultural and wider bioeconomy R&I and is a catalyst for strategic agenda setting and the coordination of EU and national R&I programmes aiming to strengthen the ERA.In 2016,it established a working group on food systems with the

112、 explicit mandate to support the Food 2030 EU R&I policy framework and to co-create the Horizon Europe Food Systems partnership.SCAR also conducts regular foresight analyses,the last of which was the fifth SCAR foresight analysis,published in 2020,in which the food system transition was underlined a

113、s urgent.Box 2:Joint programming initiativesJoint programming initiatives are structured and strategic processes whereby Member States agree,voluntarily and in partnership,on a common vision and strategic research and innovation agenda(SRIA)to address major societal challenges.Three joint programmin

114、g initiatives(the joint programming initiative on agriculture,food security and climate change,Healthy diet,healthy life and Healthy and productive seas and oceans)have implemented several activities,such as joint calls,knowledge hubs and task forces to target food systems-related issues,and also ne

115、xus activities,which in turn led to the funding of numerous European research area networks(ERA-NETs),such as the ERA-NET Cofund on ICT-enabled agri-food systems(EU contribution EUR 5 million,total cost EUR 15 million).EU R&I,however,is only a fraction of the total public-sector R&I investments that

116、 are managed by EU Member States.At the national level,virtually every EU Member State has a science base in agriculture,food and nutrition,and the green transition will depend heavily on how quickly these science bases can develop and extend innovation to food systems.A study carried out by SCAR re

117、vealed that,from 2007 to 2020,an estimated almost EUR 18.4 billion of EU funding was provided to projects related to food systems.This accounts for 15%of the total EU public funding available during that period.To 19 The ERA was created in 2000 with the ambition of creating a single,borderless marke

118、t for research,innovation and technology across the EU.The new ERA policy agenda sets out 20 ERA actions for 20222024,such as promoting attractive research careers,promoting talent circulation and mobility,promoting gender equality or academic freedom and strengthening research infrastructure.17FOOD

119、 2030 Research and Innovation Pathways for action 2.0date,however,not all EU Member States have national long-term food system strategies to guide R&I efforts in their countries.An ambition of Food 2030 is to act as a guiding framework to inspire and complement EU Member States R&I policies20.Horizo

120、n Europe is also contributing to several types of international cooperation co-funded institutional partnerships related to agriculture and food systems.The African Union(AU)EU High-Level Policy Dialogue(HLPD)on Science,Technology and Innovation is the main dialogue platform for formulating joint AU

121、EU cooperation activities in this field.This platform and the Union for the Mediterranean Regional Platform on Research and Innovation cover AfricaEurope cooperation on R&I across the whole African and European continents.The former has given rise to the food and nutrition security and sustainable a

122、griculture(FNSSA)partnership,and the latter is linked to the Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area(PRIMA)(see Boxes 3 and 4)21.Box 3:FNSSA partnershipThe FNSSA partnership sets out a 10-year SRIA and roadmap for R&I co-funding.The partnership has channelled a joint invest

123、ment of EUR 381 million to four priorities:the sustainable intensification of agriculture,agriculture and food systems for nutrition,the expansion and improvement of agricultural trade and markets,and cross-cutting topics.The FNSSA partnership is further associated with another European Commission i

124、nstrument called Desira(funded in the international development context,outside Horizon Europe),which aims to contribute to the climate-relevant,productive and sustainable transformation of agriculture and food systems in low-and middle-income countries.Box 4:PRIMAPRIMA is an Article 185 TFEU partne

125、rship with an active period of operation extending from 2018 to 2024.Under the Horizon 2020 programme,the total EU contribution planned for PRIMA amounts to EUR 220 million.PRIMA unites R&I funders to devise an SRIA for the Mediterranean,in particular addressing agriculture,water and food issues and

126、 their nexus.PRIMA unites countries from both shores of the Mediterranean basin,which contribute an additional EUR 275 million.PRIMAs interim evaluation showed that the partnership is achieving its objectives and has demonstrated its positive impact on the R&I ecosystem in the Mediterranean region.G

127、iven the considerable demand from the PRIMA participating states for the extension of PRIMA,the Commission adopted a proposal for amending the Basic Act in June 2023.This proposal reflects the EUs commitment to continuing its participation in PRIMA for 20252027 under Horizon Europe,with a financial

128、contribution of EUR 105 million.20 EU research policy on sustainable food systems21 PRIMA will develop solutions for a more sustainable management of water and agri-food systems in the Mediterranean basin.It is a 10-year initiative(20182028),funded from 19 participating countries(currently EUR 274 m

129、illion)and a EUR 220 million contribution from the EU.Its main objective is to devise new R&I approaches to improve water availability and sustainable agriculture production in a region heavily distressed by climate change,urbanisation and population growth.18FOOD 2030 Research and Innovation Pathwa

130、ys for action 2.0At the start of Horizon Europe,a new wave of partnerships was launched to coordinate activities and networks around dedicated thematic issues.This gave rise to 49 partnerships,four of which are directly related to the overall food systems transition.These partnerships include the Eu

131、ropean partnership Accelerating farming systems transition agroecology living labs and research infrastructure(co-funding rate 50%),the European Partnership for Agriculture of Data(co-funding rate 30%),the European Partnership for Animal Health and Welfare(co-funding rate 50%)and the Sustainable Foo

132、d Systems Partnership for People,Planet and Climate(hereafter the food systems partnership)(co-funding rate 30%)(see Box 5).Here we focus on the food systems partnership,which aims to deploy the Food 2030 approach.It will put in place an R&I governance mechanism engaging Member States and food syste

133、m actors in delivering innovative solutions providing co-benefits for nutrition,climate,circularity and communities.These European partnerships are examples of initiatives fostering collaboration in food system R&I policy development and supporting pertinent research infrastructure.They provide a st

134、rategic approach to R&I programming,a pooling of resources and an actionable framework for long-term commitments and are hence contributing to the strengthening of the ERA.A number of these initiatives are connected to Food 2030,either directly by providing funding opportunities through the Food 203

135、0 pathways or indirectly through joint advocacy,cooperation agreements,working groups,advisory boards,strategic steering,co-creation,etc.Box 5:Sustainable Food Systems Partnership for People,Planet and ClimateThe Sustainable Food Systems Partnership for People,Planet and Climate22 is a direct delive

136、rable of Food 2030.Its ambition is to leverage investments and to develop and implement an EU-wide long-term R&I agenda to accelerate the transition to diets that are healthy and food that is safe and sustainably produced and consumed in resilient EU and global food systems.The overarching vision is

137、 that,by pooling resources and joining forces,its actors will jointly contribute to environmentally friendly,socially secure and fair,economically viable,healthy and safe food systems in Europe to help achieve the farm-to-fork strategy objectives,in line with the global ambitions of the UNFSS.It wil

138、l focus its activities on four predominantly post-farm-gate work streams to change the way we eat,process and supply food,but also to better connect and govern food systems.Resources are also provided to establish a food systems observatory,to establish a knowledge hub of living labs and to foster k

139、nowledge sharing.The R&I landscape for food systems would be incomplete if we did not mention the existing EU flagship missions on soil health(see Box 6),climate adaptation,cities,22 SCAR(2023),Sustainable Food Systems Partnership for People,Planet and Climate Strategic research and innovation agend

140、a(SRIA).FoodPaths(2023)is designing a prototype sustainable food system partnership that will serve as the first version of how the future partnership might function from 2024 onwards and,in doing so,is bringing the partnership to life.19FOOD 2030 Research and Innovation Pathways for action 2.0ocean

141、s and cancer,which are all relevant to the food systems transition.They demonstrate political commitment and provide a clear direction of travel for five key societal challenges.They set ambitious but attainable objectives with measurable targets and deadlines,foster collaboration across diverse fie

142、lds,industries and participants,and embrace experimentation and bottom-up approaches to achieve the missions anticipated results.Box 6:EU missions in Horizon Europe EU mission A soil deal for EuropeThe EU missions are new instruments of Horizon Europe(20212027).Instead of targeting specific technolo

143、gies or industrial sectors,the missions focus on setting and achieving clear,measurable and ambitious goals related to key societal challenges.Five missions were introduced in 2021,covering challenges such as climate change and beating cancer,and a sixth one is to be introduced in 2023.Each EU missi

144、on will operate as a portfolio of actions such as research projects,policy measures or even legislative initiatives to achieve a measurable goal that could not be achieved through stand-alone EU-funded research projects or individual actions.The EU mission A soil deal for Europe23,with a budget of E

145、UR 320 million for 20212023,aims to develop concrete solutions for restoring soil functions and thus help the transition to healthy soil by 2030.To this end,it has the objective of establishing a network of 100 living labs and lighthouses in rural and urban regions,and aims to foster the development

146、 of a common European framework for monitoring soil to generate and disseminate knowledge and appropriate solutions for soil health.The mission will also foster knowledge of and innovation in the link between soil health and food.Given that around 95%of all our food originates from soil,soil health

147、is the very foundation of food systems.Soil needs to be in a healthy condition so that it can produce sufficient food to feed everybody and support many vital ecosystem services,nutrient cycling and carbon sequestration.Lastly,the European Commission also has a central steering role in accelerating

148、and strengthening responsible innovation and investment,boosting skills and capacities and supporting cases for bioeconomy and food systems demonstration,testing and deployment.This also includes building a New European Innovation Agenda(NEIA)to boost the development of innovative solutions by helpi

149、ng create“regional innovation food valleys”to develop and test solutions;and advancing competitive circular bio-based industries under the Circular bio-based Europe joint undertaking(CBE JU),a partnership between the European Union and the Bio-based Industries Consortium(BIC).23 European Commission(

150、2021),A Soil Deal for Europe 100 living labs and lighthouses to lead the transition towards healthy soils by 2030:Implementation plan,Brussels.20FOOD 2030 Research and Innovation Pathways for action 2.0Horizontal aspectsOver the years,the R&I policy has placed increasing emphasis on the way in which

151、 R&I should be performed to deliver greater impact and to ensure solutions are more in sync with societal and planetary needs.Multi-actor approaches,responsible R&I and the need to adopt a systems approach have underpinned this trend.One way to operationalise these ambitions is the use of the living

152、 lab concept(see Box 6),which has been deployed extensively via the seminal Fit4Food2030 project and the Food 2030 pathways on urban food systems and governance and is also at the heart of the food systems and agroecology partnerships and the EU mission A soil deal for Europe,which seeks to develop

153、100 living labs across Europe.Living labs24 are defined as practice-driven,place-based organisations that facilitate and foster open,collaborative innovation and real-life environments where both open innovation and user innovation processes can occur and where bottom-up-driven R&I can be designed a

154、nd implemented.The living labs established by projects stemming from the Food 2030 urban food systems pathway supported place-based solutions by employing the multi-actor approach,especially for engaging citizens and enabling changes on the ground,and also connecting urban and rural areas to create

155、multipurpose desirable outcomes.The Commission report Urban food system transformation in the context of Food 2030 Current practice and outlook towards 2030 reflects on the future of sustainable and resilient food systems in urban areas,based on the experiences of 22 EU-funded R&I projects represent

156、ing 154 city initiatives related to food that employed place-based solutions.The EU-funded project CLEVERFOOD has established a Food 2030 Connected Lab Network for living labs,communities of practice and other co-creation initiatives working on transforming the food system at the local,regional and

157、national level.25 As an example of what can be done through an EU-funded project,FoodSHIFT 2030 established FoodSHIFT Accelerator Labs for maturing,combining,upscaling and multiplying existing food systems innovations across nine front-runner cities/regions and FoodSHIFT Enabler Labs in twenty-seven

158、 follower cities/regions.Each FoodSHIFT Accelerator Lab has defined an innovation focus and innovation actions to increase the technological and societal readiness levels of existing food systems innovations within ten major themes and eleven SDGs across the Labs.Living labs will be extensively empl

159、oyed in the planned Horizon Europe partnerships on agroecology and sustainable food systems.For the latter 24 Transformative Social Innovation Theory(2016),European Network of Living Labs(ENoLL).25 see the Governance for food systems change Chapter for more information.21FOOD 2030 Research and Innov

160、ation Pathways for action 2.0partnership,they will serve as practice-driven organisations that facilitate collaborative innovation and real-life environments to support sustainable food systems transformation.The partnership will create a knowledge hub of living labs to enable knowledge sharing and

161、dissemination.Living labs and lighthouses within the context of the EU mission A soil deal for Europe are defined as follows:lighthouses are places for the demonstration of solutions and of exemplary achievements,while living labs are collaborative R&I initiatives between multiple actors that experi

162、ment in laboratories on the ground(e.g.urban areas,forest sites or industrial settings)to find solutions to the problem of degrading soil,based on a jointly agreed objective.4.FOOD 2030 LOOKING BACK AND ASSESSING RESULTSHow it came aboutFigure 1.3 provides an overview of the historical evolution of

163、Food 2030.It all began during the 2015 Milan World Expo,which acted as a pivotal moment for raising awareness of food system challenges.Its overarching theme was feeding the planet,energy for life,encompassing technology,innovation,culture,traditions and creativity and how they relate to food and di

164、ets.The EU convened over 200 events over a 6-month period,supported by an EU scientific steering committee.At the EU closing conference on 15 October 2015,with the support of three commissioners,the European Commission underlined the need to develop a European R&I area for food systems.This ultimate

165、ly led to the formation of the idea of Food 2030 in 2016.Since then,the European Commissions Directorate-General for Research and Innovation has been advocating and convening events around the urgency of reshaping the European R&I policy landscape for food systems,which had been fragmented,sectoral

166、and focused largely on technology and primary production.In October 2016,the directorate-general held the first Food 2030 High-Level Conference,during which it launched a European Commission staff working document that was co-created with multiple European Commission services.The document(entitled E

167、uropean research and innovation for food and nutrition security)set out an ambitious,impact-driven R&I policy framework for sustainable food systems,called Food 2030,which underpinned the development of EU R&I policy within the context of the last calls of Horizon 2020 and the whole of Horizon Europ

168、e.Since its start,Food 2030 has led to the organisation of multiple high-level conferences related to World Food Day,including an official Bulgarian Presidency event in Plovdiv,in 2018.These convening moments and the many reports that have been published over the years have served to mobilise a dive

169、rsity of actors,raise awareness and foster a new way of undertaking R&I that can better deal with the complexity inherent to food systems transformation and foster greater interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity.22FOOD 2030 Research and Innovation Pathways for action 2.0Horizon 2020Horizon Europ

170、eFood 2030 milestones&eventsEU policy milestonesFood 2030 Pathways 2.0 expert workshop RIV4BFS event Food 2030 Pathways Report 2.0 5th Food 2030 Conference Green and resilient Food Systems Expo Milano Feeding the Planet,Energy for Life 1st Food 2030 conference Staff working document EU R&I for food

171、and nutrition security 2nd Food 2030 Conference 3rd Food 2030 Conference under BG presidency EC Expert Group Report Recipe for change The European Grean Deal is unveilledEC Expert Group Report on strengthening the food system science-policy interface Launch of Horizon Europe 4th Food 2030 Conference

172、 Food 2030 Pathways Report Launch of EU Farm to Fork and Biodiversity Strategies Food 2030 Pathways expert workshop 20152016201720182019202220212020202020202023202320232023Figure 1.3 Food 2030 timelineThe premise behind the idea of Food 2030 is that R&I policy plays a pivotal role in attaining susta

173、inability objectives and transforming the food systems;innovation cannot be seen as business as usual.The transition to sustainable food systems requires a systems approach and the application of systems thinking that considers the intricate interconnections and dynamics within the entire food ecosy

174、stem.Instead of viewing individual components in isolation,this methodology analyses how various elements,such as production,distribution,consumption and waste management,interact and influence one another.By recognising the complex web of relationships,feedback loops and unintended consequences,sys

175、tems thinking aims to unearth comprehensive insights and devise more effective strategies for addressing challenges such as food security,sustainability and resilience.This approach encourages a shift from linear solutions to integrated solutions,fostering a deeper understanding of the systemic caus

176、es and effects shaping our food systems and enabling informed decision-making for a more interconnected and sustainable future26.Food systems are adaptive and complex,interconnected with various policy domains such as agriculture,environment,energy,health,education,infrastructure and planning.This m

177、eans food systems are multifunctional,multisectoral and multi-actor,making traditional linear models insufficient to capture their complexity27.The need for a systems approach 26 Weber,K.M.and Rohracher,H.(2012),Legitimizing research,technology and innovation policies for transformative change:combi

178、ning insights from innovation systems and multi-level perspective in a comprehensive“failures”framework,Research Policy,Vol.41,No 6,pp.10371047.TIMELINE23FOOD 2030 Research and Innovation Pathways for action 2.027 Ingram,J.(2011),A food systems approach to researching food security and its interacti

179、ons with global environmental change,Food Security,Vol.3,No 4,pp.41743;Breda,J.,Cahill,J.,Callenius,C.,Caron,P.,Damianova,Z.,Gill,M.,Gurinovic,M.,Lhteenmki,L.,Lang,T.,Laperrire,A.,Mango,C.,Ryder,J.,Sonnino,R.,Verburg,G.and Westhoek.H.(2018),A systems approach to research and innovation for food syst

180、em transformation,policy brief 1,European Union Think Tank of the Fit4Food2030 project.28 European Commission,Directorate-General for Research and Innovation,Mazzucato,M.(2019),Governing Missions in the European Union,independent expert report,Publications Office of the European Union,Luxembourg;Eur

181、opean Commission,Directorate-General for Research and Innovation,Mazzucato,M.(2018),Mission-oriented Research&Innovation in the European Union A problem-solving approach to fuel innovation-led growth,Publications Office of the European Union,Luxembourg.29 European Commission,Directorate-General for

182、Research and Innovation(2018),Recipe for Change:An agenda for a climate-smart and sustainable food system for a healthy Europe,report of the European Commission Food 2030 independent expert group,Publications Office of the European Union,Luxembourg.30 Government of Flanders,Department of Agriculture

183、 and Fisheries(2023),Go4Food,A Flemish food strategy for tomorrow.Synthesis,Brussels.and for innovative interactions underscores the crucial role of R&I in supporting systemic food systems transformation.This need for a more holistic and mission-oriented approach is what motivated the framing of Foo

184、d 2030 back in 2016.Consequently,the European Commission moved towards a systems approach R&I framework for food systems transformation and towards a more mission-driven approach to tackle complex societal challenges that cannot be solved by any one EU Member State alone and that require breaking di

185、sciplinary,sectoral and institutional silos28.Food 2030 ultimately helped set out what R&I needed to be done,how,by whom and with whom,and for what.Between 2018 and 2020,the European Commission established a Food 2030 high-level expert group,which delivered a report with R&I recommendations for the

186、years to come.Using food systems thinking,the experts reworked Food 2030 and integrated it into their recommendations29.The Fit4Food2030 project,which ran between 2017 and 2020,created a platform to mobilise a wide variety of stakeholders at the levels of cities,regions,countries and Europe to advan

187、ce and implement the Food 2030 framework in their specific contexts.Several Member States and regions set up policy labs for this purpose.Some,such as the Flemish Region(see Box 7),took inspiration from this to cocreate a food strategy,together with a broad coalition composed of representatives from

188、 the agri-food chain,civil society and research and policymakers.Box 7.The Flemish food strategyThe Flemish Food Strategy consists of four strategic pillars,inspired by the European Commissions Food 2030 research policy framework:(1)Healthy and sustainable food for all;(2)Food system within ecologic

189、al limits(3)Full commitment to a resilient food economy;(4)Food connects farmers to citizens.(Department of Agriculture and Fisheries,2023,p.7)30What it is and where we areFood 2030 is a vision and policy framework based on the premise that through a well-governed and more systemic R&I policy we can

190、 develop more impactful solutions to the urgent,complex and interconnected challenges inherent to food systems that need to be transformed to respect planetary boundaries,to provide healthy,safe and nutritious food and diets for all and to sustain a diverse,fair,inclusive and thriving food economy.2

191、4FOOD 2030 Research and Innovation Pathways for action 2.0Food 2030 also acts as a convening platform and process within which both R&I and R&I policy can flourish,European competitiveness can grow,citizens and a wide diversity of food systems stakeholders can engage,multiple global challenges can b

192、e addressed,new knowledge and evidence can be developed and shared,and innovative solutions from new products,tools,approaches and technologies to social,governance and institutional innovation and new business models can be developed,tested and demonstrated(see Figure 1.4).Finally,Food 2030 applies

193、 a systemic approach to connect,scale up and boost EU R&I and investments to provide solutions that can deliver co-benefits related to four overarching priorities.Nutrition for sustainable,affordable and healthy diets.Key issues under this priority include tackling all forms of malnutrition,includin

194、g obesity;improving nutrition and diets for all and for specific population groups(children,elderly people,the most vulnerable groups,etc.);developing alternative proteins to foster plant-rich diets;incorporating microbiome-based foods to unlock the power of the human precisionfarming bioplasticspro

195、cessed foods WAREHOUSE3D printingFOODSYSTEMSthe way food is produced andhow it affects our health,wellbeing and the environmentFOOD PRODUCTIONPROCESSINGPACKAGINGLOGISTICSDISTRIBUTIONHEALTHY PEOPLEWASTE STREAMSFigure 1.4 Food 2030 R&I for future-proofing food systemsR&I FOR FUTURE PROOFING FOOD SYSTE

196、MSSource:European Commission 202325FOOD 2030 Research and Innovation Pathways for action 2.0microbiome to improve digestion,nutrient absorption and overall health;exploring how behavioural changes can influence food consumption and dietary habits,improving food authenticity and food safety;encouragi

197、ng diet diversity by,for example,reviving the use of forgotten crops to improve nutrition and resilience;and supporting healthy diets that are environmentally sustainable.In addition to supporting the new farm-to-fork strategy,this priority also aims to contribute to further development and implemen

198、tation of EU food regulations and food safety policies,the Steering Group on Health Promotion,Disease Prevention and Management of Non-Communicable Diseases and the relevant targets of SDGs 2,3,8 and 10.Climate-smart and environmentally sustainable food systems.Key to this priority is that natural r

199、esources water,soil,land and sea are managed responsibly within the Earths capacity to ensure that they are available to future generations.It is meant to foster R&I in support of climate-smart food systems that are adaptive to climate change,preserve natural resources and ecosystem functions,limit

200、environmental degradation and contribute to climate change mitigation.In addition to supporting the new farm-to-fork and biodiversity strategies,this priority also aims to contribute solutions relevant to the common agricultural policy,the common fisheries policy,the EU strategy on adaptation to cli

201、mate change,EU environmental policies,the Paris Agreement(Conference of the Parties 21)and the relevant targets of SDGs 2,7,14 and 15.Circular and resource-efficient food systems.The third priority aims to achieve circularity and resource efficiency in food systems.Circularity implies sustainable,re

202、source-efficient food systems that can address the 1.3 billion tonnes of food lost and wasted per year at the global level.Challenges in this area include striving towards zero food loss and waste throughout the food systems;more efficient recycling of food loss and waste;rethinking food packaging f

203、or better biodegradable options that limit harmful substances such as microplastics;and responding to increasing demand for more tailored and local food,and short food supply chains.Also included here are ways to reduce the use of water and energy across food systems so as to increase resource effic

204、iency across all food system sectors.In addition to supporting the new farm-to-fork strategy,this priority is of relevance to the common agricultural policy and common fisheries policy,the bioeconomy strategy,the EU circular economy package(including the waste directive and climate action policies)a

205、nd the relevant targets of SDGs 2,8 and 12.Food systems innovation and empowerment of communities.This fourth priority focuses on developing a healthy place-based innovation ecosystem that supports new business models and/or the delivery of solutions for the social good and/or with market potential

206、that benefits society.The priority will help to create resilient and empowered communities at the local and regional levels,to create new jobs across the EU and to foster thriving urban,rural and coastal economies.Key to this is to stimulate co-creation processes uniting public authorities,the priva

207、te sector,researchers and society.26FOOD 2030 Research and Innovation Pathways for action 2.0This SDG vision implies that economies and societies are seen as embedded parts of the biosphere.This moves development away from the current sectoral approach where social,economic and ecological developmen

208、ts are seen as separate parts of an economy serving society within the safe operating space of the planet.Using this model,one can argue that all the SDGs are directly or indirectly connected to sustainable and healthy food systems.Figure 1.5 SDG wedding cake approachSource:Azote for Stockholm Resil

209、ience Centre,New way of viewing the Sustainable Development Goals and how they are all linked to food.31 European Commission(2019),Reflection Paper Towards a sustainable Europe by 2030,COM(2019)22,Brussels.Challenges to be addressed by R&I here include fostering governance innovation at all levels(l

210、ocal to global),underpinned by a strong SPI;empowering local authorities as agents of change and empowering citizens through social innovation;tackling food poverty and achieving sustainable and accessible food in cities,towns and regions;fostering citizen science,food system education and skills bu

211、ilding;developing a true cost-sharing economy for food production and consumption;and implementing data-driven solutions.In addition to supporting the new farm-to-fork strategy,this priority also aims to contribute to the European Commissions digital single market strategy,the EU urban agenda and th

212、e Europe for citizens programme,among other policy priorities,and relevant targets of SDGs 2,9,11 and 16.The European Commissions Reflection Paper Towards a sustainable Europe by 203031 highlights that Food 2030 is closely aligned with the EUs commitment to the UN SDGs.In this respect,Food 2030 endo

213、rses the wedding cake approach to viewing the economic,social and ecological aspects of SDGs(see Figure 1.5).27FOOD 2030 Research and Innovation Pathways for action 2.0Figure 1.6 Food 2030 pathway projects and contributions(20172022)From vision to action and resultsIn 2020,the European Commission re

214、leased its report Food 2030 Pathways for Action Research and innovation policy as a driver for sustainable,healthy and inclusive food systems,which set out,according to the Food 2030 intervention logic,10 thematic areas meriting further R&I investments.The report built on a 2016 staff working docume

215、nt and provided a structured basis for addressing food system R&I policy.The pathways represented key levers of change where R&I could have deep and multiple impacts on realising a sustainable food system vision.28FOOD 2030 Research and Innovation Pathways for action 2.0NB:NA,not applicable.(a)The p

216、athway Zero pollution food systems was created in 2023.Therefore,no Food 2030-related project has yet been funded in the context of this pathway.These 10 initial pathways,which take a mission-oriented,systemic and transdisciplinary approach to R&I,were built up in consultation with various European

217、Commission services and with the support of a stakeholder engagement process.Their orientations were largely created as a result of the 2018 Food 2030 High-Level Event held in Plovdiv under the auspices of the Bulgarian Presidency.They were subsequently refined through an online stakeholder survey a

218、nd a participatory expert workshop held on 4 March 2020 in Brussels.Table 1.1 lists the 10 initial pathways(plus the 11th pathway,added in 2023)and provides a breakdown of the projects and the European Commission contributions to each of them.The projects are direct outcomes of Food 2030 topics,the

219、first of which were launched as far back as 2017 during the last Horizon 2020 calls for proposals.So far 99 projects have been supported and a total of EUR 727.8 million have been invested in Food 2030 projects.The table excludes the potential projects that may be funded as a result of the 20232024

220、calls,which are likely to involve an additional investment of approximately EUR 230 million.It also portrays the multi-objective impact of each pathway in its potential to deliver co-benefits to each of the Food 2030 priorities(see Figure 1.1).The rest of this report describes each of the 11 Food 20

221、30 pathways,which will help the European Commission ideate the next phase of Horizon Europe for 20252027.AcknowledgmentsWe would like to acknowledge the contribution of former and current colleagues directly involved in the preparation of this publication,namely:Uta Faure,Agnieszka Grzegorczyk,Fara

222、Lled-San Mauro,Irene Ndongosi,Linda Salam,and Jasmina Vandrich.In addition,we are grateful for the support of the Research Executive Agency colleagues for their help in assessing the project portfolios.Finally,we would also like to thank the independent experts and colleagues from other European Com

223、mission services who participated to the Food 2030 workshop in Brussels(10 March 2023)and provided their valuable insights;their names are mentioned in relation to each chapter.PATHWAY 1:GOVERNANCE FOR FOOD SYSTEMS CHANGEGOVERNANCE FOR FOOD SYSTEMS CHANGE32PATHWAY 130FOOD 2030 Research and Innovatio

224、n Pathways for action 2.01.SYSTEMIC CHALLENGESThe main challenge for accelerating the transition towards sustainable food systems is addressing numerous urgent,complex,interconnected and global issues at various spatial and temporal scales.These include achieving the UN SDGs,the EU farm-to-fork stra

225、tegy and its broader European Green Deal policy priorities33.These issues are influenced by several,partly interconnected,drivers,including change in governance structures and geopolitical stability,climate change,population growth and change in demography,increasing urbanisation,power disparities a

226、long the food supply chain,widening social inequalities,the influence of the media,and changes in individual and household dietary patterns.In addition,the direction of and the approach to food systems transformation are subject to debate,as is the need for reform itself.Other drivers,such as techno

227、logical,institutional and social innovations,might help to address these issues.There is considerable evidence in peer-reviewed literature that appropriate and effective governance34,structures and institutions are key to food systems transformation35.These must act at various levels36 that effectiv

228、ely bridge local and global dimensions and put in place coherent and complementary policies,actions and development strategies.To be effective,food systems governance requires the engagement of policy actors across the food value chain(i.e.those that govern producing,distributing,transporting,tradin

229、g,processing,marketing and consuming food);the major food security components(access,availability and utilisation);key socioeconomic and biophysical food system drivers;and thematic areas(including health,other socioeconomic issues and the environment).These all need to be considered at different sp

230、atial,temporal,cultural and jurisdictional scales.Good food systems governance requires governmental actors to drive the long-term change process towards sustainable and resilient outcomes and allow private consumers to express their preferences.Currently,policy issues related to these aspects are m

231、ost often addressed in the individual thematic areas.32 With acknowledgements to Agnieszka Grzegorczyk(European Commission,national expert in professional training),Ana Patricia Lopez Blanco(European Commission),Alice Pignacca(European Commission)and the following independent experts(listed in alpha

232、betical order by surname)who provided ideas and comments during and after the 10 March 2023 Food 2030 workshop in Brussels:Thom Achterbosch,Megan Blake,Hugo de Vries,John Ingram,Carlo Mango,Jrn Schmidt,Roberta Sonnino and Henk Westhoek.33 IPCC(2023),IPCC Climate Change 2023:Synthesis report,Geneva.3

233、4 Food system governance refers to the institutions,actors,rules and norms that shape how food is produced,distributed and consumed.It also includes the processes by which different food system actors and networks(including states,local and regional authorities,the private sector,research communitie

234、s and civil society)are included in decision-making and policymaking at different levels.35 Dengerink,J.D.,de Steenhuijsen Piters,C.B.,Brouwer,J.H.and Guijt,W.J.(2022),Food Systems Transformation:An introduction,Report No WCDI-22-201,Wageningen University and Research,Wageningen Centre for Developme

235、nt Innovation,Wageningen;Fonteijn,H.M.J.,van Voorn,G.A.K.,de Steenhuijsen Piters,C.B.and Hengeveld,G.M.(2022),The ABCD of Food Systems Resilience:An assessment framework,Wageningen University and Research,Wageningen;de Steenhuijsen Piters,B.,Termeer,E.,Bakker,D.,Fonteijn,H.,and Brouwer,H.(2021),Food

236、 system resilience towards a joint understanding and implications for policy,in Ribeiro-Barros,A.I.,Tevera,D.S.,Goulao,L.F.and Tivana,L.D.(eds),Food Systems Resilience,IntechOpen;Clapp,J.,Moseley,W.G.,Burlingame,B.and Termine,P.(2022),Viewpoint:the case for a six-dimensional food security framework,

237、Food Policy,Vol.106,102164;Food Trails(2022),The role of cities in shaping food environments,in the framework of the EU farm to fork strategy,policy brief;Wood,A.,Queiroz,C.,Deutsch,L.,Gonzlez-Mon,B.,Jonell,M.,Pereira,L.,Sinare,H.,Svendin,U.and Wassnius,E.(2023),Reframing the localglobal food system

238、s debate through a resilience lens,Nature Food,Vol.4,pp.2229.36 The European Commissions high-level expert group on strengthening the international SPIs for improved food systems concluded that global food system SPIs must be better supported and interconnected and can provide solutions to improve t

239、he resilience of our food systems.Singh,B.K.,Fraser,E.D.G.,Arnold,T.Biermayr-Jenzano,P.,Broerse,J.E.W.,Brunori,G.,Caron,P.,De Schutter,O.,Fabbri,K.,Fan,S.,Fanzo,J.,Gajdzinska,M.,Gurinovic,M.,Hugas,M.,McGlade,J.,Nellemann,C.,Njuki,J.,Tuomisto,H.L.,Tutundjian,S.,Wesseler,J.,Sonnino,R.and Webb,P.(2022)

240、,Food systems transformation requires sciencepolicysociety interfaces that integrate existing global networks and new knowledge hubs,Nature Food,Vol.4,pp.13.31FOOD 2030 Research and Innovation Pathways for action 2.0As a result,going beyond todays fragmented and sectoral approach is a necessity.Gove

241、rnmental actors play a key role in this.They need to act as conveners,facilitators and regulators of long-term transformation and provide directionality for changes and innovation.In addition,they need to focus investment on R&I,connect citizens,mitigate climate change impacts on the most vulnerable

242、,support systemic education(from elementary to senior education,vocational education and life skill development),foster skills that consider gastronomic and culinary heritage and support innovation for sustainable and healthy diets37.In this respect,there are several major ongoing policy development

243、s where the issue of R&I governance will play a key role(EEA,2022;IFPRI,2022;IPCC,2023;OECD 2021)38 39 40.As shown by the COVID-19 pandemic and Russias invasion of Ukraine,catalysing food systems transformation also requires building adaptive capacity and resilience from farm to fork.Food system res

244、ilience has become a key objective of the food system agenda.Yet the relationship between good governance and resilience building remains largely unexamined.Multi-actor engagement,also involving young people41,is often encouraged as a better governance approach because it aims to foster decision-mak

245、ing through dialogue,consultation and joint analysis.Building resilient food systems is essential to avoid the impacts of catastrophic events.To achieve this,R&I is needed to identify and develop effective response mechanisms to mitigate the effects of shocks and stresses,and thus reduce vulnerabili

246、ty.Governance structures need to ensure the implementation and evaluation of these mechanisms,especially ensuring the inclusion of the most vulnerable population groups and reducing power imbalances.To this end,Food 2030 provides a framing and multi-actor engagement process within which citizens,nat

247、ional,urban and local governments and a diversity of stakeholders,including the private sector,can work together in a balanced way,thereby mitigating risks and vulnerabilities and building resilient food systems.2.POLICY CONTEXT AND SYNERGIESThis pathway is relevant to EU policies such as the common

248、 agricultural policy,the common fisheries policy,the European Green Deal,the farm-to-fork and biodiversity strategies,the bioeconomy strategy and Commission communication Safeguarding food security and reinforcing the resilience of food systems42.37 On the governance of food systems R&I see:Sonnino,

249、R.,Callenius,C.,Lhteenmki,L.,Breda,J.,Cahill,J.,Caron,P.,Damianova,Z.,Gurinovic,M.A.,Lang,T.,Laperriere,A.,Mango,C.,Ryder,J.Verburg G.,Achterbosch,T.,den Boer,A.C.L.,Kok,K.P.W.,Regeer,B.J.,Broerse,J.E.W.,Cesuroglu,T.and Gill,M.(2020),Research and innovation supporting the farm to fork strategy of th

250、e European Commission,policy brief 3,Fit4Food2030;and Achterbosch,T.J.,Getz Escudero,A.,Dengerink,J.D.and van Berkum,S.(2019),Synthesis of existing food systems studies and research projects in Europe,European Commission,Directorate-General for Research and Innovation,Brussels.On metrics and indicat

251、ors for EU sustainable food systems reflecting varying world views see:Hebinck,A.,Zurek,M.,Achterbosch,T.,Forkman,B.,Kuijsten,A.,Kuiper,M.,Nrrung,B.,van t Veer,P.and Leip,A.(2021),A sustainability compass for policy navigation to sustainable food systems,Global Food Security,Vol.29,100546;Fonteijn,H

252、.,van Voorn,G.,Hengeveld,G.and de Steenhuijsen Piters,B.(2022),Assessing the impact of interventions on food systems resilience,Wageningen University and Research,Wageningen;Leeuwis,C.,Boogaard,B.K.and Atta-Krah,K.(2021),How food systems change(or not):governance implications for system transformati

253、on processes,Food Security,Vol.13,No 4,pp.76180;and de Vries,H.(2023),The role of food science and technology in the future partnership sustainable food systems,Trends in Food Science&Technology,Vol.131,pp.2830.38 International Food Policy Research Institute(2022),2022 Global Food Policy Report Clim

254、ate change and food systems,Washington,D.C.39 OECD(2021),Making Better Policies for Food Systems,OECD Publishing,Paris40 European Environment Agency(2022),Reimagining the food system through social innovations,briefing.41 See,for instance,the EU bioeconomy youth ambassadors initiative,involving 15 y

255、oung ambassadors for 20222024.42 European Commission(2022),Commission communication Safeguarding food security and reinforcing the resilience of food systems,COM(2022)133 final.32FOOD 2030 Research and Innovation Pathways for action 2.0The very fragmented and sectoral policy landscape is characteris

256、ed by 27 national governments and associated ministries responsible for agriculture,food,culture,energy,transport and the environment;numerous administrative subnational regions;and stakeholders from civil society,research,the private sector and international organisations.Withing this landscape,thi

257、s pathway seeks to provide support for targeted action contributing to a way forward for future R&I policy in Europe and beyond.It is one of 11 Food 2030 pathways for action,which will help to underpin Horizon Europe,support evidence-based policymaking and implementation,adapt education programmes,s

258、kills and capacities,boost innovation and investment and encourage synergies and policy alignment.The governance pathway should contribute to the development of sustainable European food systems and the bioeconomy,informed by food systems foresight and an exploration of alternative transition pathwa

259、ys towards sustainable futures.This will be done at the EU and Member State levels but also at the urban and regional levels.The governance pathway has synergies with other EU R&I initiatives at the Member State level that promote greater cohesion,coordination and collaboration across the Member Sta

260、tes food systems and in the way national and European R&I policies are implemented.These include the Sustainable Food Systems Partnership for People,Planet and Climate,SCAR which has established a strategic working group on food systems and macroregional initiatives such as the Central eastern Europ

261、ean initiative for knowledge-based agriculture,aquaculture and forestry in the bioeconomy(Bioeast)43.Synergies can also be found with the EU mission A soil deal for Europe and PRIMA,which targets the waterfood nexus.For instance,the governance pathway could support the living labs in the Food 2030 u

262、rban projects to stimulate discussions and connections with the living labs that will be established under the EU mission A soil deal for Europe44 the food systems partnership45 and PRIMA46.At the urban and regional levels,the pathway Governance for food systems change will play a strong role in fos

263、tering living labs as places of co-creation and place-based solutions,in encouraging regional innovation governance and in helping stakeholders to align their education and R&I agendas in knowledge and innovation systems that are better oriented towards the barriers and opportunities of food systems

264、 transformation and thereby lower the risks associated with new technological developments.The pathway will continue to leverage and align work along the new European innovation agenda with networks such as those of the European and national technology platforms,43 Through Bioeast,a governmental ini

265、tiative,the central and eastern European countries set the goal for 2030 of developing knowledge-and cooperation-based circular bioeconomies,which will help to enhance their inclusive growth,to create new value-added jobs and to strengthen environmental sustainability.44 The living labs will be laun

266、ched in 2024,following the 2023 call for proposals,with the objective of reaching 100 living labs by 2030.45 The food systems partnership also has the general ambition to co-create with various actors in a diversity of living labs(e.g.policy labs,city labs,fab labs,field stations,experimental restau

267、rants or supermarkets,logistics simulators)to develop sustainable food system concepts.46 PRIMA identified four nexus ecosystem labs,one each in Egypt,Italy,Spain and Tunisia,where 12 major challenges will be used for the testing and validation of the project solutions.33FOOD 2030 Research and Innov

268、ation Pathways for action 2.0EIT Food47,cities and regions,philanthropic and international organisations,and other private sector and non-governmental organisation initiatives.The past years crises and the Russian war of aggression against Ukraine have had strong effects on the European food system.

269、A sustainable European food system requires establishment of new international linkages and partnerships with the neighbouring countries Moldova,Ukraine and western Balkan countries.The related governance projects in the Horizon Europe programme envisage stepping up these efforts through robust and

270、balanced research,innovation and knowledge transfer investments by mobilising pan-European public engagement and fostering sciencepolicy discussions through concrete projects,while also building up and strengthening(regional)ecosystems of innovation and food valleys.This should bring together differ

271、ent stakeholders across Europe,following the quadruple and quintuple helix innovation models48,to support the sustainable food system transition and appropriate governance and policymaking at all levels,from local to national,macroregional and European.The governance pathway,moreover,has synergies w

272、ith additional initiatives outside the sphere of Horizon Europe.In particular,these relate to the 2021 UNFSS process in which a high-level expert group established by the European Commission issued recommendations to the UNFSS Scientific Group to assess needs and options to strengthen the internatio

273、nal SPI for food systems governance.Specifically,it recommended that the UNFSS should(i)explore practical options for improving SPIs related to and needed for transformative food systems actions,(ii)propose language that would entail a commitment to urgently establish enhanced SPI mechanisms post-su

274、mmit and(iii)identify adequate funding targets and mechanisms to allow the long-term functionality of enhanced SPI activities49.The next two sections outline key barriers,lock-ins and enablers of change for the development and take-up of governance for food systems change.3.BARRIERS AND LOCK-INS Sub

275、stantial policy,regulatory,financial,technological,environmental,behavioural and cultural barriers to overcome,coupled with lack of political will(tension associated with electoral time frames and the impact of taking difficult decisions).47 Since EIT Food aims to foster collaboration across the ent

276、ire food system to develop innovative technologies,products and services,synergies with the governance pathway could be built through joint online courses,education programmes and professional development opportunities and through engaging in participatory dialogue with the food industry(including s

277、tart-ups,entrepreneurs and investors).48 The triple helix innovation model is widely recognised as a conceptual tool that promotes innovation and entrepreneurship through better understanding,cooperation and interaction between university,industry and government institutions.The quadruple helix adds

278、 a fourth helix on media-based and culture-based public and civil society,whereas the quintuple helix also adds the helix of the natural environments of society.Carayannis,E.G.,Campbell,D.F.J.and Grigoroudis,E.(2022),Helix trilogy:the triple,quadruple,and quintuple innovation helices from a theory,p

279、olicy,and practice set of perspectives,Journal of the Knowledge Economy,Vol.13,pp.22722301.49 European Commission,High Level Expert Group to assess the needs,potential,feasibility and approach for International Platform for Food Systems Science(IPFSS)(2021),Recommendations to the United Nations Food

280、 Systems Summit Scientific Group from the European Commissions High-Level Expert Group to assess needs and options to strengthen the international sciencepolicy interface for food systems governance,Brussels.This resulted in a final report in 2022:European Commission,Directorate-General for Research

281、 and Innovation(2022),Everyone at the Table Transforming food systems by connecting science,policy and society,Publications Office of the European Union,Luxembourg.34FOOD 2030 Research and Innovation Pathways for action 2.0 Priorities often being in competition(e.g.social,economic and environmental

282、objectives).Current food systems governance and interventions being fragmented and sectoral.Current debates on food systems often focusing on two opposing views:favouring territorial development or global trade.Current initiatives being too small and short-lived to achieve impact at the scale needed

283、 to unlock funding for large-scale investments.Lack of knowledge sharing and coordinated efforts to address sustainability.Difficulties in agreeing on a common objective and combining contextually different objectives.Take single solution responses to address complex problems and isolated responses

284、being used to address complex problems,ignoring the wider picture.Food standardisation ignoring culture as a crucial underlying factor influencing citizens food choices.Policymakers and society at large not fully understanding and considering the need for transformations.4.ENABLERS OF CHANGE Policy

285、convergence and alignment.The proposal for a legislative framework for sustainable food systems,one of the flagship initiatives of the farm-to-fork strategy,and its planned monitoring system.Awareness that adequate and effective governance of structures and institutions,and long-lasting traditional

286、ecological and newly developed skills and capacities,are needed to transform food systems.Cross-sectoral governance mechanisms to support innovative solutions in the foodenergymobility nexus.Local food system transition(driven at local scales and upscaled by sustainable business solutions)globally s

287、upported by international bodies such as the UNFSS,35FOOD 2030 Research and Innovation Pathways for action 2.0the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN(FAO),the High-Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition,the SPI of the UN Committee on World Food Security,the IPCC,the Internatio

288、nal Food Policy Research Institute,the International Panel of Experts on Sustainable Food Systems,the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)and the EATLancet Commission on Food,Planet,Health.Empowerment of local and regional actors to support the implementation of urban food po

289、licies and the development and implementation of innovative solutions(e.g.urban farms)through tailored financial and governance structures,and through funds to fairly compensate actors.Consideration and protection of the link between citizens and their food culture in order to promote sustainable fo

290、od systems enabling healthy,culturally appropriate and culturally diverse diets.Stronger involvement of currently less represented countries to favour knowledge sharing,supported by initiatives such as Bioeast,to encourage EU-wide(and accepted)food system approaches.The need for a move towards susta

291、inable food systems being more and more recognised by the private sector,for example with the EU Code of Conduct on Responsible Food Business and Marketing Practices50.5.FOOD 2030 CO-BENEFITSThe Food 2030 ambitions underpinning this pathway have the potential to address and deliver the following co-

292、benefits51.Nutrition and health Improving health and well-being.Fighting hunger and undernutrition.50 The code of conduct entered into force in 2021 and is a voluntary set of industry objectives launched by the European Commission under the EU farm-to-fork strategy.It currently has more than 100 sig

293、natories and aims to improve the sustainability performance mainly of the food processing,service and distribution industry.51 The number of“+”signs used in the table below is representative of the number of impacts of the pathways towards each of the priorities.This is applicable for each chapter o

294、f this publication.FOOD 2030 PathwayNutritionClimateCircularityCommunitiesPATHWAY 1GOVERNANCE FOR FOOD SYSTEMS CHANGE 36FOOD 2030 Research and Innovation Pathways for action 2.0 Reducing diet-related diseases.Reducing the occurrence of zoonotic communicable and non-communicable diseases.Safeguarding

295、 food security for current and future generations with universal access to healthy,sustainable and affordable diet options.Ensuring food safety.Unlocking the potential of food systems for advancing planetary and human health.Climate and sustainability Lowering emissions of greenhouse gases(GHGs)and

296、pollutants by enabling a shift towards healthier diets through more sustainable food systems.Improving biodiversity through better management of land and ecosystem services,reduced application of harmful pesticides and fertilisers and less disruption of habitats.Improving soil health and restoring d

297、egraded soil by improving land fertility,reducing soil erosion and increasing carbon sequestration.Developing or reorienting financial incentives for food systems towards co-benefits for the climate,the natural environment and communities.Circularity and resource efficiency Reducing food loss and wa

298、ste across all parts of the food systems from farm to fork.Increasing efficiency and food processing.Valorising unavoidable waste and co-products as new products and with new uses as part of a circular and sustainable bioeconomy.Reducing barriers to the redistribution of food surpluses.Innovation an

299、d communities Combining organisational,social and technological innovations to overcome lock-ins into current unsustainable practices in food systems.Promoting food culture,democracy and citizen deliberation in food systems transformation.Embedding innovation through multi-actor and citizen engageme

300、nt processes in knowledge structures that empower communities to co-create food systems solutions 37FOOD 2030 Research and Innovation Pathways for action 2.0that deliver co-benefits and to mitigate trade-offs.Encouraging place-based solutions with a strong community involvement and new ways of capac

301、ity development.Fostering inclusion and equity,thus ensuring a balanced,fair and just food system transition economically,socially and environmentally which addresses demands and trade-offs,and takes care of vulnerable populations.Tackling food insecurity and ensuring all have access to and can affo

302、rd to buy healthy food from sustainable food systems.Increasing food knowledge and know-how.Strengthening governmental actors and R&I communities to facilitate system change and impact.6.RESEARCH AND INNOVATION OUTCOMES AND FUTURE NEEDSThis section provides a snapshot of the R&I being carried out in

303、 relation to this pathway.It describes the R&I investments(European Commission financial contribution)supporting projects that have been funded as outcomes of relevant Food 2030 calls for proposals,in the context of societal challenge 2 of Horizon 2020 and cluster 6 of Horizon Europe.Furthermore,it

304、describes the range of thematic issues covered,identifies future R&I needed and provides a summary of Food 2030 projects.InvestmentsThe total European Commission contribution to projects stemming from this pathway is EUR 51.5 million for 10 projects.Out of this,EUR 9 million was for two Horizon 2020

305、 projects,EUR 22 million was for four projects in the Horizon Europe work programme for 20212022 and EUR 20.5 million has been provided for four projects planned for the Horizon Europe work programme for 20232024.Issues addressedThe link with Food 2030 was very strong in the EUs R&I funding programm

306、e Horizon 2020,which resulted in several concluded projects.The Fit4Food2030 project developed a multi-stakeholder Food 2030 platform at the levels of cities and regions and created a set of policy labs,city labs and food labs to develop/pilot action-oriented training for students,households,researc

307、hers and professionals.The Susfans project built a set of metrics,models and foresight tools that can be used for navigating sustainable food systems and nutrition security.38FOOD 2030 Research and Innovation Pathways for action 2.0Ongoing EU-funded Food 2030 projects in food systems governance pred

308、ominantly address citizen engagement and multi-stakeholder platforms.For instance,the FOSTER project will develop a novel knowledge and innovation governance structure for Europes food system with explicit roles for networks of citizens and change agents(action-oriented leaders).The CLEVERFOOD proje

309、ct will establish a structure of connected policy labs and living labs to pave the way for a more regenerative,resilient and plant-based food system.FOODPathS is developing a prototype sustainable food systems partnership.This includes its co-funding strategies,a governance model,a modus operandi,a

310、sustainability charter,an SRIA and a showcase for examples of co-creation.It will also list potential trade-offs and will propose ways of communicating with other Horizon Europe partnerships.Future calls and investments under Horizon Europe(20232024 work programme)are expected to contribute to impac

311、ts through topics such as fostering resilient European food systems,developing a pan-European academic network for food system science,increasing capacity for transformational change,strengthening and linking regional ecosystems of innovation to support food systems transformation and analysing the

312、role of media in promoting healthy and sustainable consumption patterns.Interconnections with the other pathwaysEach of the other 10 Food 2030 pathways is closely interconnected with the governance pathway.For instance,the pathways Urban food systems transformation,Food waste and resource efficiency

313、 and The microbiome world contribute to developing innovative and inclusive governance mechanisms.The Urban food systems transformation pathway and projects funded under its umbrella(Horizon 2020 and Horizon Europe)include test beds of local food governance and recommendations to scale and replicate

314、 these.Hence,the urban pathway contributes to developing governance mechanisms by using local-level place-based solutions and engaging citizens.The Food waste and resource efficiency pathway seeks to provide a way forward for future R&I policy in Europe and beyond to reduce and prevent food waste an

315、d increase resource efficiency in line with the European Green Deal.Achieving several EU bioeconomy objectives(e.g.ensuring food and nutrition security,mitigating and adapting to climate change)will require combinations of targeted investments and policy measures52.A robust knowledge-based system is

316、 crucial for adaptive and effective governance,strengthened through the EUs Horizon 2020 and Horizon Europe programmes.The The microbiome world pathway and projects funded under its umbrella(Horizon 2020 and Horizon Europe)provide the scientific knowledge to use natural microbiomes for the sustainab

317、le production of new and healthier food applications.The pathway also 52 Philippidis,G.,Mbarek,R.,Urban-Boysen,K.and Van Zeist,W.-J.(2023),Exploring economy-wide sustainable conditions for EU bio-chemical activities,Ecological Economics,Vol.210,107857.39FOOD 2030 Research and Innovation Pathways for

318、 action 2.0aims to contribute to the development of policies and strategies for the governance of microbiome-based technologies in the food sector,addressing issues such as safety,ethics and equity.Future research and innovation needsThe R&I needs are divided into four mutually supportive actions or

319、 question words:what(prioritising themes),who(engaging actors),how(aligning activities)and where(exploring cases)questions.What.This covers governance priorities that require new knowledge(multiscale governing,legislative measures,ethics,political will,etc.),for example:investing in the measurement

320、of the impact of food system R&I in a changing context;assessment,analysis,modelling and decision support;mapping and monitoring food system performance;increasing evidence-based communication,dissemination and knowledge exchange;and strengthening the sciencepolicysociety interface;building systems

321、thinking into governance and system innovation capacity for policymakers and other change agents across the EU;fostering an integrated educational approach to learning that combines the arts(A)with science,technology,engineering and mathematics(STEM),that is,moving from STEM to STEAM;understanding f

322、ood culture and heritage and other drivers(e.g.education,media and digital marketing regarding fostering healthy and sustainable consumption patterns)that might shape sustainable consumer preferences and dietary behaviours;improving governance of agri-food systems through digital technologies(e.g.ap

323、plying them to better manage the impacts of climate change or to better nudge consumer behaviour);better understanding the roles and behaviour of the various private actors in the various stages of the food supply chain,and how to change this behaviour to address systemic challenges,especially with

324、regard to shaping the practices in supply chain management between actors upstream(food industry,retail and food service)and downstream(primary producers)and in shaping consumer choice(important with regard to healthy and sustainable consumption patterns);better understanding how the financial world

325、 of private and public actors functions and influences these actors and how finance can create incentives and opportunities through financial regulations and reoriented investment practices;40FOOD 2030 Research and Innovation Pathways for action 2.0 understanding the drivers of food insecurity in Eu

326、rope(e.g.insufficient household income and inadequate minimum income policies,lack of food knowledge,local access barriers,insufficient support for people with physical and/or mental health problems that make the utilisation of healthy food difficult);oinvesting in better understanding of how differ

327、ent food contexts come together to form foodscapes that enable or disadvantage groups and individuals from being able to access and utilise healthy and sustainably produced food.Who.This covers governance priorities that relate to engaging mechanisms between diverse actors and actor networks to rais

328、e awareness of and foster more citizen involvement in science and R&I to enable food systems transformation,in line with the responsible R&I approach53,for example:convening multi-actor and public engagement to raise awareness of the transition towards sustainable food systems and get buy-in from al

329、l powerful actors this asks for special attention to the role of(big)players in the agri-food system,but also involving disadvantaged communities,vulnerable people,women,youth and youth-led initiatives and organisations,and fostering food systems and bioeconomy education and training;experimenting w

330、ith new forms of food democracy,citizen assemblies,cross-sectoral and multi-stakeholder policy dialogue in the design of food policy and transition pathways with related agendas for future R&I;developing a network of colleges and universities committed to stimulating student awareness of intangible

331、gastronomic heritage and food traditions and systems through grassroots student advocacy and action campaigns,and an academic agenda,and to fostering innovation and experiment;developing a network of food libraries and food museums as cultural institutions and tourist attractions.How.This covers gov

332、ernance priorities where food system approaches(from a governance angle)are addressed,scenarios are developed and topics are aligned(bottom-up and top-down),for example:at the international level,fostering science and cultural diplomacy by connecting with global leaders such as the Committee on Worl

333、d Food Security,the UN Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization and the FAO as a follow-up to the UNFSS process and other relevant initiatives,and investing in continuous European and global foresight and scenario analysis on the transformation 53 The responsible R&I approach is an approach rolled out in previous framework programmes for R&I and further defined in Horizon 2020.It guides re