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1、 BUILDING A RESILIENT BIOMASS SUPPLY A Plan to Enable the Bioeconomy in America March 2024 A Plan to Enable the Bioeconomy in America|i Table of Contents Table of Contents.i About This Report.i Executive Summary.1 Introduction.4 Biomass Use and Availability.5 Biomass Supply Chain Systems.8 Biomass S

2、upply Systems Challenges.9 A Plan to Optimize and Ensure Resilient Biomass Supply Systems.14 Biomass Supply Systems Elements and Opportunities.15 Biomass Supply Systems Research,Development,and Demonstration Needs.19 Policies and Programs for Capacity Building and Market Development in Biomass Suppl

3、y Chain Systems.23 Implementation.30 Appendix A.Biomass Feedstock Systems Research,Development,and Demonstration Needs.33 Appendix B.R&D“Bold Goals”Supported by the Biomass Plan.37 Appendix C.Select Federal Programs for Capacity Building and Market Development in Biomass Supply Chain Systems.38 Abou

4、t This Report In September 2022,President Biden signed Executive Order(EO)14081 on Advancing Biotechnology and Biomanufacturing Innovation for a Sustainable,Safe,and Secure American Bioeconomy.The EO directs the Secretary of Agriculture,in consultation with the heads of appropriate agencies as deter

5、mined by the Secretary,to submit a plan to the President,through the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs(APNSA)and the Assistant to the President for Economic Policy(APEP),to support the resilience of the U.S.biomass supply chain for domestic biomanufacturing and biobased produc

6、t manufacturing,while also advancing food security,environmental sustainability,and the needs of underserved communities.This plan shall include programs to encourage climate-smart production and use of domestic biomass.1 This plan begins with an assessment of the biomass availability and current us

7、es.A detailed look at biomass supply chain systems reveals considerations climate change,food security,environmental justice,and others that could affect biomass availability.Finally,the plan 1 The EO also directed the plan to include budget estimates,including accounting for funds appropriated for

8、Fiscal Year(FY)2022 and proposed in the Presidents FY 2023 Budget.The White House plans to obtain this information separately.A Plan to Enable the Bioeconomy in America|ii presents recommendations for programs,research,development,and demonstration,and policies that could increase biomass availabili

9、ty,build supply chain systems resilience,and expand the use of domestic biomass within the bioeconomy.Stakeholder Consultation Public stakeholders were engaged in the development of this plan through a USDA-led listening session on July 18,2023,and an OSTP-led Request for Information posted in Decem

10、ber 2022.2 Input from this outreach informed the recommendations and proposed actions.Federal Collaboration The United States Department of Agriculture(USDA)led the development of the plan with review and support from:Department of Commerce(DOC)National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST)Dep

11、artment of Defense(DOD)Department of Energy(DOE)Department of Transportation(DOT)Federal Aviation Administration(FAA),Volpe National Transportation Systems Center Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)National Science Foundation(NSF)Disclaimer Referen

12、ce in this document to any specific commercial product,process,service,manufacturer,company,or trademark is to provide clarity and does not constitute its endorsement or recommendation by the United States Government.Copyright Information This document is a work of the United States Government and i

13、s in the public domain(17 U.S.C.105).Subject to the stipulations below,it may be distributed and copied with acknowledgment to USDA.Printed in the United States of America,2023.2 Request for Information;National Biotechnology and Biomanufacturing Initiative|Office of Science&Technology Policy A Plan

14、 to Enable the Bioeconomy in America|1 Executive Summary Biomass is the foundation of the U.S.bioeconomy.Biomass comes from crops,agricultural and food wastes,forests,and livestock.It is the basis for thousands of biobased products that we encounter every day,such as furniture,building materials,bio

15、plastics,paper products,clothing,and biofuels.Demand for biomass is expected to grow over time for use in climate-smart and sustainable solutions to address societys needs.For the United States,this represents a golden opportunity.The expansion of markets for domestically produced biomass will creat

16、e new sources of revenue for American farmers,ranchers,and forest landowners,particularly in rural areas.This will be critical for the future vibrancy of the U.S.agricultural and forestry sectors.Recognizing this,the White House issued Executive Order 14081 requiring USDA to lead the development of

17、a plan to support the resilience of the domestic biomass supply chain for domestic biomanufacturing and biobased product manufacturing,while also advancing food security,environmental sustainability,and the needs of underserved communities.The resulting Plan to Enable the Bioeconomy in America:Build

18、ing a Resilient Biomass Supply focuses on systems of production of biomass as raw material and its preprocessing into feedstocks for many diverse types of biomanufacturing and biobased products in the U.S.bioeconomy.Some of these systems are well-established and primed for expansion,while others are

19、 newly emerging.Thus,the plan calls for three broad areas of activity:(1)research,development,and demonstration for innovation in newly emerging biomass supply systems;(2)capacity building to expand existing biomass supply systems;and(3)market development and assessment to match biomass supply to de

20、mand for the biobased products.The plan begins by describing our understanding of current biomass use and availability.It then identifies current challenges and vulnerabilities to biomass supply chain systems.Focusing on resilience,the plan summarizes existing government policies and programs across

21、 supply chains that support the expansion of the bioeconomy.Then,it recommends additional actions in research,development,and demonstration,policies,and programs to build more resilient biomass supply chains.The plan concludes by recommending mechanisms for improving cooperation and collaboration on

22、 the bioeconomy across the Federal Government.Woven throughout are considerations for addressing climate change,advancing racial justice and rural prosperity,creating better market opportunities,and tackling food security.All of these are essential for developing a bioeconomy that works for everyone

23、.Some of the Plans key conclusions about supporting resilient biomass supply chains for domestic biomanufacturing and biobased product manufacturing include:1)U.S.biomass supplies are abundant.The United States is well positioned to utilize and leverage those resources for a growing range of bioener

24、gy and biobased product applications.A Plan to Enable the Bioeconomy in America|2 2)There are gaps in our knowledge of current and projected future biomass feedstock availability.For example,the 2016 DOE Billion-Ton Report estimates biomass feedstock availability but primarily focuses on feedstocks

25、for biofuels.It provides limited data for emerging feedstocks and uncertainties around market prices and policies.3)There is much to learn about competing markets for biomass feedstock and incentivizing new market creation.Demand for biobased products is expected to grow,especially in response to cl

26、imate change.As the bioeconomy expands,the structure of market incentives will influence choices about processing biomass into feedstocks for example,how much vegetable oil will be used for renewable diesel relative to that for sustainable aviation fuels.4)Biomass crops need to be produced at scale

27、for the bioeconomy to substitute renewable resources for non-renewables,but farmers will not risk planting crops without established markets.There is great potential to grow emerging lignocellulosic crops on marginal lands,such as perennial grasses,shrub willow,and hemp,which could replace a wide ar

28、ray of petrochemical-derived products.However,farmers will not grow them unless established processing facilities and markets exist.Likewise,woody biomass resources from forestlands are abundant,but investments to harvest and collect them will not emerge without certainty about reliable markets for

29、the final products.5)Emerging oilseed crops can increase biomass availability and sustainability of commodity row crop production without increasing land use,as cover crops and through double-cropping.Incentives and risk-reduction options could be used to promote the expansion of lesser-known crops,

30、such as camelina,pennycress,and carinata,along with research that reduces their agronomic and economic risk.6)Woody biomass can provide a large volume of needed biomass,but the economics of forest operation residuals,mill waste,forest health thinnings and wildfire fuel removal need to be better unde

31、rstood and made more cost-effective.Policy needs to be implemented that incentivizes use of this underutilized biomass.In addition to these conclusions,the Plan identifies how improvements in our Nations biomass supply would also support the EOs goals of advancing food security,environmental sustain

32、ability,and the needs of underserved communities.For example:Innovating and expanding the production,pre-processing and demand for biomass supports food security by diversifying and augmenting revenue streams for food producers without removing cropland from food production,while also reducing the c

33、ost of soil protection and amendments.Environmental sustainability is an overarching purpose of the bioeconomy because it substitutes renewable resources for non-renewable resources.Biomass is the raw material that makes this possible.Improving the biomass supply chain thus contributes to a wide ran

34、ge of environmental sustainability objectives such as climate-smart agriculture,regenerative farming,and substituting for the use of fossil fuels.Expanding the production and processing of biomass can be a key element of USDAs efforts to fulfill the needs of underserved communities:increased product

35、ion and demand for biomass can diversify revenues and reduce costs for small farmers,while investments A Plan to Enable the Bioeconomy in America|3 in processing infrastructure and innovative R&D supports new jobs and increased wages in rural communities.To support these conclusions and address the

36、issues identified in the report,the plan presents recommendations in two areas:(1)research,development,and demonstration needs,and(2)programs and policies for capacity building and market development.Some of the recommendations involve work USDA already has started,some will require USDA to increase

37、 the scope and scale of existing programs and policies,and others propose new areas of engagement.Research,Development and Demonstration Needs Resource markets and availability:Assess,compare,and evaluate markets and availability of biomass crops,including a comprehensive inventory of woody biomass

38、and other markets not covered in the 2016 DOE Billion-Ton Report.Efficiencies in sustainable lipid supply:Research more efficient ways to collect and aggregate waste lipids and expand the cultivation of oilseed crops as major components of biofuels and other products.For example,USDA is funding proj

39、ects that will result in the commercial production of new oilseed crops(pennycress and carinata).Those new crops may be grown as cover or winter fallow crops that eliminate land use change while expanding lipid supply.Production of biomass and collection of wastes and residuals:Conduct long-term tri

40、als for emerging biomass crops,develop better methods for collecting,sorting,and processing wastes and residuals,and analyze policies to encourage biomass production/collection.For example,USDA is supporting the genetic development,agronomic evaluation,and eventual commercial deployment of biomass c

41、rops,such as the natural rubber crop guayule.Biomass supply chain systems logistics:Research improvements to biomass transportation,optimize preprocessing at farms and depots,and enhance reliability of feedstock processing systems.The USDA has programs targeting supply chain logistics for insect-dam

42、aged trees and small-diameter wood biomass that fuel catastrophic wildfires.Sustainability of biomass and waste supply systems:Improve genetics,optimize climate-smart agricultural and forest practices,develop alternative uses for co-products of manufacturing,assign values for environmental services,

43、and perform lifecycle analyses and techno-economic assessments.Policies and Programs for Capacity Building and Market Development Development and diversification of markets for biomanufactured and biobased products:The USDA BioPreferred Program continues to increase its outreach and product catalog.

44、This can be leveraged to expand Federal procurement as well as domestic and international market opportunities for biomanufactured and biobased products,biofuels,and climate-smart commodities.Incentivizing biomass production:Maintaining stable and substantive support for biomass production over the

45、long term will incentivize more farmer adoption and private-A Plan to Enable the Bioeconomy in America|4 sector investment in biomass supply chains,much as it does in other agricultural sectors.For example,USDA provides grants for increased utilization of woody biomass.Risk reduction:RMA crop insura

46、nce programs should continue to be reassessed and updated as needed to meet the changing needs of producers as new commodities and markets develop.Risk can also be reduced through promotion of cooperatives,financial safety nets for value-chain capacity building,and development of markets for co-prod

47、ucts.Infrastructure and workforce investments:Ensure equitable benefits of biomass production across society through infrastructure investments,Bioeconomy Development Opportunity Zones,and environmental justice tools and policies.Education and extension:Support workforce training and farm workers,ag

48、riculture and forestry extension programs,programs for beginning farmers,and public outreach about bioproducts.Knowledge base:Prioritize investments in data collection/sharing,updates to NAICS/NACPS3 and other industry and trade databases,and in tracking for carbon accounting in biobased products.Th

49、e plan concludes with implementing actions that span across the Federal Government and recommends mechanisms for improved cooperation and collaboration over the long term.Introduction In September 2022,President Biden signed an Executive Order(EO)on Advancing Biotechnology and Biomanufacturing Innov

50、ation for a Sustainable,Safe,and Secure American Bioeconomy.To advance the U.S.bioeconomy and also support the Administrations decarbonization goals,the EO discusses the need to boost sustainable domestic biomass production.This includes creating climate-smart incentives for American agricultural pr

51、oducers and forest landowners and expanding market opportunities for bioenergy and biobased products and services.As part of this effort,the EO tasked the U.S.Department of Agriculture(USDA)with developing a plan to support the resilience of the U.S.biomass supply chain for domestic biomanufacturing

52、 and biobased products,while advancing food security,environmental sustainability,climate-smart production,domestic biomass use,and environmental justice.4,5 Biomass is the raw material for the bioeconomy.It originates from plants,animals,or microbes.It then is transformed into fuel,fibers,building

53、materials,livestock feed,food and beverage ingredients,personal care items,and many other products.Products may be considered“traditional,”meaning that they have been produced a certain way for a long time and are commonly familiar.Examples include wood for building materials,natural rubber for tire

54、s,and cotton in coffee filters.“Innovative”uses are newer,and in some cases may still be undergoing research and development.Examples of these are biofuels from woody biomass,plastics 3 North American Industry Classification System(NAICS)and North American Products Classification System(NAPCS)4 Exec

55、utive Order on Advancing Biotechnology and Biomanufacturing Innovation for a Sustainable,Safe,and Secure American Bioeconomy|The White House 5 Revitalizing Our Nations Commitment to Environmental Justice|Executive Office of the President A Plan to Enable the Bioeconomy in America|5 produced from alg

56、ae,and building materials from hemp.Biomass availability must be sufficient to continue production of traditional products as well as the innovative products that will drive the bioeconomy forward.Given the broad range of products and biomass uses,this plan focuses on biomass feedstock availability

57、for biomanufacturing and biobased product manufacturing.Biomass supply chain systems supporting bioeconomic activity are varied and complicated,given the wide variety of manufactured products.Supply systems may be affected differently by regional,geopolitical,economic,environmental,and social compon

58、ents.Shortages or disruptions at any point within supply chain systems affect manufacturers,consumers,and the bioeconomy.Environmental justice,food security,and other social issues also must be considered to make certain expansion of supply chain systems and the bioeconomy benefit everyone.To ensure

59、 the U.S bioeconomy is poised to meet current and future demands,this plan examines current biomass uses and its availability,challenges,and opportunities within biomanufacturing and biobased product manufacturing supply chain systems.Research,policy,and program recommendations to increase the resil

60、ience of biomass supply chain systems are provided.Definitions of Key Terms Biobased product:a product determined by the Secretary to be a commercial or industrial product(other than food or feed)that is(A)composed,in whole or in significant part,of biological products,including renewable domestic a

61、gricultural materials,renewable chemicals,and forestry materials;or(B)an intermediate ingredient or feedstock.Bioeconomy:economic activity derived from the life sciences,particularly in the areas of biotechnology and biomanufacturing,including industries,products,services and the workforce a,b Bioma

62、nufacturing:the use of biological systems to develop products,tools,and processes at commercial scale.a Biomass:any material of biological origin that is available on a renewable or recurring basis,for example,plants,trees,algae,and waste material such as crop residue,wood waste,animal waste and byp

63、roducts,food waste,and yard waste.a Biological(biomass)feedstock:biomass intended for use as a starting material or an intermediate ingredient to be converted to another material through biomanufacturing or another manufacturing process.a Biomass supply chain systems:the networks of resources needed

64、 to produce a product and deliver it to consumers.Climate-smart agriculture:an approach that helps to guide actions needed to transform and reorient agricultural systems to effectively support development and ensure food security in a changing climate.CSA aims to tackle three main objectives:sustain

65、ably increasing agricultural productivity and incomes,while adapting and building resilience to climate change and/or reducing/removing greenhouse gas emissions.c Sustainability:the aspiration to meet current needs while maintaining capacity for future generations to meet their needs and while consi

66、dering economic,social,and environmental impacts.d a NIST Bioeconomy Lexicon|National Institute of Standards b Within the scope of this report,bioeconomy includes the share of the economy based on products,services,and processes derived from biological resources(e.g.,plants and microorganisms)and en

67、compasses multiple sectors,in whole or in part(e.g.,agriculture,textiles,chemicals,and energy).The Bioeconomy:A Primer|Congressional Research Service c Terms of Reference|Aim for Climate d Definitions:Sustainability and Food Systems|U.S.Department of Agriculture A Plan to Enable the Bioeconomy in Am

68、erica|6 Biomass Use and Availability The USDA BioPreferred Program estimates there are at least 40,000 non-food and nonfuel bioproducts commercially available.Table 1 provides examples of a breadth of products.Table 1.Overview of Traditional and Innovative Bioproducts and Common Feedstocks Product C

69、ategory Examples of Products and Uses Example Biomass Feedstocks for Products Medical products,personal care,and cosmetics Antibiotics,vitamins,biopharmaceuticals,cosmetics,polyphenols,phytochemicals Fermentable starch(e.g.,corn),guar gum,beeswax,vegetable oils,lanolin,beets,herbs,wood biomass,algae

70、 Enzymes Detergents,saccharification,food and beverage processing,biomanufacturing,industrial processing(e.g.,leather processing),biocatalysts Fermentable sugars,wood extractives Livestock feed Feedlot rations,hay,feed co-products from biofuels(e.g.,corn distillers grains)Perennial pasture grasses,a

71、lfalfa,annual cereal grains,corn stover,crop residues,oilseeds,algae Agricultural inputs Biopesticides,biofungicides,biostimulants,compost,fertilizers,bioherbicides,vegetative mulches,soil amendments,biochar Extracts from many plants and microbes,dry leaves and other plant material Construction mate

72、rials Lumber,cross-laminated timber,composites,adhesives,insulation,drywall Hardwood,softwood,lignin,soy,hemp,Paper and packaging Paper,newsprint,cardboard,paper napkins and plates,tissues,toilet paper,thermoform fiber products,filters,packaging,absorbent pads,rayon Hardwood,softwood,grassy biomass,

73、biopolymers,wood cellulose,hemp Biobased polymers Natural rubber products(aircraft and ground transportation tires,medical devices),bio-asphalt,packaging,bioplastics Fermentable sugars,lignocellulose,wood,Hevea,guayule,soybean oil,corn oil,sugarcane Bioenergy including biofuels Ethanol,biodiesel,ren

74、ewable diesel,sustainable aviation fuel,hydrogen,biogas,fuel pellets,combined heat and power,batteries(capacitors)Fermentable sugars,soybean and corn oil,perennial grasses,agricultural residues oilseed crops,animal fats,hardwood and softwood,manure,algae A Plan to Enable the Bioeconomy in America|7

75、Estimating biomass use and availability is not straightforward,yet it is important to understand as we plan for the future.The Department of Energy(DOE)periodically updates the Billion-Ton Report,which estimates the use and current/future availability of different biomass sources.The most recent rep

76、ort(2016)considers supply chain costs,economic viability of biomass types,and other factors to model biomass use and availability.The biomass estimates from the 2016 Billion-Ton Report include forestry-based small-tree thinning removal and residuals,purpose-grown biomass crops,agricultural residuals

77、(wheat straw,corn stover),and municipal solid waste(MSW)at$60 per ton(Figure 1).Microalgae estimates are provided separately;the biomass potential for a mature system is 23 million tons per year for freshwater species at$490-$1,327 per ton and 60 million metric tons of exhaust gas CO2 suitable for c

78、onversion to fuels and products,while minimizing emissions,water use,habitat conversion,and other sustainability challenges.Theme 3:Climate-Focused Agricultural Systems and Plants o Goal 3.1:Develop Measurement Tools for Robust Feedstock Production Systems In 5 years,develop new tools for measuremen

79、t of carbon and nutrient fluxes in agricultural and bioeconomy feedstock systems that contribute to a national framework.o Goal 3.2:Engineer Better Feedstock Plants In 5 years,engineer plants and manipulate plant microbiomes to produce drought tolerant feedstocks capable of growing on underutilized

80、land with 20 percent improvement in nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency.Biotechnology and Biomanufacturing R&D to Further Food and Agriculture Innovation Theme 1:Improving Sustainability and Resource Conservation While Increasing Agricultural Productivity o Goal 1.1 Increase Agricultural Producti

81、vity Over the next 10 years,increase agricultural total factor productivity growth to meet global food and nutrition security needs while improving natural resource use efficiency and conservation,toward the global goal of increasing agricultural productivity by 28 percent in the next decade.o Goal

82、1.2:Increase Climate-Smart Feedstock Production and Biofuel Usage By 2030,increase climate-smart production of conventional and alternative agricultural and forestry feedstocks for biomanufacturing,biobased products,and biofuels;reduce the lifecycle greenhouse gas intensity of biofuels by 50 percent

83、;and expand overall biofuel blend rates in U.S.liquid transportation fuels by 50 percent.Biotechnology and Biomanufacturing R&D to Further Supply Chain Resilience Theme 1:Alternative Supply Chain Pathways via Biotechnologies and Biomanufacturing to Promote Economic Security o Goal 1.2:More Sustainab

84、le Chemical Production In 20 years,produce at least 30 percent of the U.S.chemical demand via sustainable and cost-effective biomanufacturing pathways.45 Bold Goals for U.S.Biotechnology and Biomanufacturing|Office of Science and Technology Policy A Plan to Enable the Bioeconomy in America|38 o Goal

85、 1.3:In 20 years,implement new biotechnologies into biomanufacturing workflows to produce 10 new biomanufactured products in each of at least three sectors with identified supply chain bottlenecks.Biomanufacturing Innovation to Enhance Supply Chain Resilience Theme 2:Biomanufacturing Innovation to E

86、nhance Supply Chain Resilience o Goal 2.1:Predictive Capabilities In 5 years,enable prediction of at least 50 percent of supply chain weaknesses and direction of real-time biomanufacturing adjustments to address bottlenecks.o Goal 2.3:Adaptive Supply Chains In 20 years,deploy a suite of advanced bio

87、manufacturing platforms and capabilities to respond to supply chain bottlenecks within 1 week of identification.o Goal 2.4:Supply Chain Flexibility In 20 years,implement 80 percent of viable biomanufacturing technologies to address domestic production capability needs.Biotechnology and Biomanufactur

88、ing R&D to Further Cross-Cutting Advances Theme 3:Expand Capabilities to Build and Measure Performance and Quality of Biological Systems o Goal 3.1:In 5 years,develop the capabilities to read and write any genome,epigenome,transcriptome,and expressed proteome to enable the construction and measureme

89、nt of any single cell within 30 days.o Goal 3.2:In 20 years,build a synthetic minimal plant that can be used as a chassis for food,feedstock,chemical,or pharmaceutical production.Theme 4:Advance Scale-up and Control of Biological Systems o Goal 4.2:In 20 years,advance integration of all aspects of f

90、eedstock use,organism design,process design,and end-of-use disposal with technoeconomic analysis such that sustainability and commercial goals can be achieved for more than 85 percent of new bioprocesses within the first year of deployment.A Plan to Enable the Bioeconomy in America|39 Appendix C.Sel

91、ect Federal Programs for Capacity Building and Market Development to Support Biomass Supply Chain Systems Below are examples of existing Federal programs that could be leveraged to implement parts of this biomass supply chain systems plan.Additional resources would be required to advance new work.Ag

92、riculture AgSTAR:EPAs and USDAs program promotes the use of biogas recovery systems and sustainable manure management practices to reduce methane emissions from livestock waste.AgSTAR assists those who enable,purchase,or implement sustainable manure management practices by identifying project benefi

93、ts,risks,options,and opportunities.Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Foundational and Applied Science Program:USDA awards grants to advance knowledge in fundamental and applied sciences important to agriculture in six priority areas:plant health and production and plant products;animal health

94、 and production and animal products;food safety,nutrition,and health;bioenergy,natural resources,and environment;agriculture systems and technology;and agriculture economics and rural communities.This program area funds projects that significantly advance previously established foundational and appl

95、ied sciences for the following USDA priority outcomes:1)Climate-Smart Agriculture and Forestry(CSAF):improve mitigation,adaptation,and resilience of agricultural and forestry production systems to climate change.2)Strengthening the Bioeconomy:develop sources of clean energy and high-value biobased p

96、roducts from agricultural feedstocks to foster economic development and prosperity,with an emphasis toward generating benefits to underserved communities.3)Nutrition Security:enhance the contributions of food and agriculture to improve the health of the Nation through resilient local and regional fo

97、od systems,adoption,and application of new or existing technologies,tools,education,and other resources to ensure access to adequate,safe,nutritious,and affordable food.Agricultural Genome to Phenome Initiative:USDA is engaging animal and crop researchers to expand genome and phenome knowledge.The i

98、nitiative will inform approaches to understanding how weather,environments,and production systems interact with genetic diversity present in crops and animals to affect growth and productivity.This will provide greater accuracy in predicting crop and animal performance under variable conditions and

99、more efficient selection of well-adapted,superior genotypes that farmers and ranchers can produce.Agricultural Research Service(ARS)Biomass Research Centers and Utilization Centers:ARS is vertically integrated to(1)ensure dependable feedstock supplies via the four Biomass Research Centers and(2)eval

100、uate the conversions of agricultural feedstocks in the four Utilization Centers:Eastern Regional Research Center(ERRC),National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research(NCAUR),Southern Regional Research Center(SRRC),and Western Regional Research Center(WRRC).These A Plan to Enable the Bioeconomy

101、 in America|40 centers collaboratively work together to support the complete bioeconomy supply chain by enhancing biomass varieties,improving production systems and bioprocessing,boosting performance of biobased products including biofuels,and enabling higher value uses of co-products.Crop Protectio

102、n and Pest Management Program:USDA uses integrated pest management(IPM)to address high priority pest issues at the State,regional and national levels.The program addresses IPM challenges for emerging issues and existing priority pest concerns with new technologies.The outcomes of the program are eff

103、ective,affordable,and environmentally sound IPM practices and strategies needed to maintain agricultural productivity and healthy communities.Plant Materials Centers(PMC):USDAs PMCs find vegetative solutions to reduce soil erosion,increase cropland soil health and productivity,improve water quality,

104、produce forage and biomass,improve air quality,improve wildlife habitat(including pollinator habitat),restore wetlands,protect streambank and riparian areas,and stabilize coastal areas.Bioenergy Advanced Biofuel Payment Program:USDAs program increases the production of advanced biofuels.Aviation Sus

105、tainability Center(ASCENT)Center of Excellence:FAA funds this university research consortium to create science-based solutions for the aviation industrys biggest challenges by conducting research to explore ways to produce SAF at commercial scale,creating an industry with the potential for large-sca

106、le economic development and job creation.Within ASCENT,key programs include evaluating regional supply chains that could be used for SAF production including feedstock production,transportation,and fuel conversion.In addition,identifying potential intermediate materials and co-products for each path

107、way to understand potential ways to aid in making biorefineries more economical are being considered.Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative(CAAFI):FAA sponsors this public-private partnership with the aviation trade associations Airlines for America,Airports Council International-North Ame

108、rica,and the Aerospace Industries Association to facilitate the development,assessment,and deployment of SAF.DOE Bioenergy Technologies Office:DOEs program conducts applied R&D as well as demonstration enabling the production of chemicals from biomass and waste,including plastics,to provide low cost

109、,low carbon emitting alternatives to the petroleum-based chemicals.In addition,funding support performance enhanced production of bioproducts,with improved characteristics,including recyclability,and potentially whole new uses.Fueling Aviations Sustainable Transition(FAST):FAAs grant program,under s

110、ection 40007 of the Inflation Reduction Act,seeks to enable production,transportation,blending,or storage of SAF.The grant program aims to make investments to accelerate the production and use of SAF,thereby supporting the goals of the SAF Grand Challenge,to meet U.S.aviation climate goals to reduce

111、 aviation carbon emissions.Renewable Fuel Standard Program:EPA oversees the program which aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and expand the nations renewable fuels sector while reducing reliance on imported oil.A Plan to Enable the Bioeconomy in America|41 Rural Energy for America Program Renew

112、able Energy Systems and Energy Efficiency Improvement Guaranteed Loans and Grants:USDA provides guaranteed loan financing and grants to agricultural producers and rural small businesses for renewable energy systems or to make energy efficiency improvements.Agricultural producers may also apply for n

113、ew energy efficient equipment and new system loans for agricultural production and processing.Sustainable Aviation Fuel Grand Challenge:DOE,DOT,USDA,and other Federal Government agencies have partnered to develop a comprehensive strategy for scaling up new technologies to produce sustainable aviatio

114、n fuels(SAF)on a commercial scale.The Grand Challenge issued a roadmap in September 2022 which lays out 6 Action Areas to expand SAF supply and end use,reduce the cost of SAF,and enhance the sustainability of SAF.Bioproducts Agile BioFoundry and Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts Process Development

115、Unit:These early applied R&D facilities,supported by DOE and NSF,are available to industry and academia at reduced costs.Bioeconomy and Advanced Biotechnology Meta-Program:NSF supports biotechnology research at all biological scales and across all scientific disciplines.The Directorate for Biologica

116、l Sciences supports fundamental research that can be translated into solutions for societal problems while advancing biotechnology and the bioeconomy,including the Plant Genome Research program and the Molecular Foundations for Biotechnology solicitation.The Directorate for Engineering supports fund

117、amental and translational engineering research that utilizes biotechnology to develop,accelerate,and support the bioeconomy.The Directorate for Technology,Innovation and Partnerships harnesses the nations vast and diverse talent pool to advance critical and emerging technologies,address pressing soc

118、ietal and economic challenges and accelerate the translation of research results from lab to market and society.Bioeconomy,Bioenergy,and Bioproducts Programs:USDAs program aims to facilitate the development of sustainable regional production systems for biofuels,biopower,and biobased products,for in

119、creased rural economic vitality and national energy security through partnerships and collaboration.Bioproduct Pilot Program:USDA seeks to study the benefits of using agricultural materials to manufacture construction and consumer products.With funding from the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law,USDA is

120、partnering with institutions to support the scale-up of sustainable bioproduct manufacturing,with the goal of providing a low-cost alternative to conventional products.DOE Office of Science:The Office of Science is the lead Federal agency supporting scientific research for energy.Two program offices

121、 in the Office of Science support research relevant to bioproducts.The Office of Biological and Environmental Research provides basic genome-enabled research on plants and microorganisms to enable biofuels production from renewable plant biomass and CO2.The Office of Basic Energy Sciences supports f

122、undamental chemical,materials sciences,and biochemical research that can address scientific challenges,such as catalysis,biocatalysis,separation science and biomolecule synthesis,relevant to biofuels and bioproducts production.A Plan to Enable the Bioeconomy in America|42 Global Programs Export Fina

123、ncing:USDAs Export Credit Guarantee Program guarantees repayment when U.S.banks extend credit to approved foreign banks to finance sales of U.S.agricultural products.The Facility Guarantee Program provides credit guarantees for infrastructure improvements in countries where demand for U.S.agricultur

124、al products may be limited by lack of adequate facilities.Fellowships and Exchanges:USDAs Borlaug Fellowship Program offers mentoring and training to researchers and policymakers from developing countries to help promote food security and economic growth.USDAs Cochran Fellowship Program provides sho

125、rt-term,U.S.-based training opportunities to agricultural professionals from developing and middle-income countries.USDAs Embassy Science Fellows Program places U.S.government technical experts at American embassies abroad to provide expertise on issues relating to the environment,science,technology

126、,and health.USDAs Scientific Cooperation Research Program supports joint research,education,and extension projects between United States and international agricultural professionals.USDAs Scientific Exchanges Program supports scientific training,collaborative research and mentoring between U.S.scien

127、tists and international agricultural professionals.Market Development:USDAs Market Access Program helps finance activities to market and promote U.S.agricultural commodities and products worldwide.USDAs Foreign Market Development Program provides cooperator organizations with cost-share funding for

128、activities that build international demand for U.S.agricultural commodities.USDAs Quality Samples Program helps U.S.organizations provide small samples of their agricultural products to potential customers overseas.USDAs Emerging Markets Program funds technical assistance activities to promote expor

129、ts of U.S.agricultural commodities to emerging markets worldwide.USDA-Sponsored Trade Missions and Endorsed Trade Shows:International trade missions and shows open doors and deliver results for U.S.exporters,giving them international exposure,marketing opportunities at trade shows and trade missions

130、 provide opportunity to forge relationships with potential customers,gather market intelligence,and generate sales.Infrastructure Biorefinery,Renewable Chemical,and Biobased Product Manufacturing Assistance Program:USDA provides loan guarantees to assist in the development,construction,and retrofitt

131、ing of new and emerging technologies.These technologies support:advanced biofuels,renewable chemicals and biobased products.DOE Loan Program,Innovative Energy and Innovative Supply Chain:DOEs Loan Program finances projects that deploy new or significantly improved high-impact clean energy technology

132、,including biofuels and bioproducts(Innovative Energy)or that employ new or significantly improved technology in the manufacturing process for a qualifying clean energy technology or manufacture innovative products with an eligible technology end-use(Innovative Supply Chain).A Plan to Enable the Bio

133、economy in America|43 Farm Storage Facility Loan Program:USDA provides low-interest financing so producers can build or upgrade facilities to store commodities.Eligible commodities include grains,oilseeds,peanuts,pulse crops,hay,honey,renewable biomass commodities,fruits and vegetables,floriculture,

134、hops,maple sap,milk,cheese,yogurt,butter,eggs,meat/poultry(unprocessed),rye and aquaculture.Eligible facility types include grain bins,hay barns,bulk tanks,and facilities for cold storage.Drying and handling and storage equipment is also eligible,including storage and handling trucks.Higher Blends I

135、nfrastructure Incentive Program:USDA focuses on significantly increasing the sales and use of higher blends of ethanol and biodiesel by expanding the infrastructure for renewable fuels derived from U.S.agricultural products.The program is also intended to encourage a more comprehensive approach to m

136、arket higher blends by sharing the costs related to building out biofuel-related infrastructure.Rural Business Development Grants:USDAs program is designed to provide technical assistance and training for small rural businesses.Rural Business Investment Program:USDAs program provides a Rural Busines

137、s Investment Company(RBIC)license to newly formed developmental capital organizations to help meet the equity capital investment needs in rural communities.Wood Products Infrastructure Assistance Grant Program:USDA provides funding to wood processing facilities to improve,establish,retrofit,or expan

138、d facilities that purchase and process byproducts from ecosystem restoration projects from Federal or Tribal lands.These facilities are located in areas at risk of unnaturally severe wildfire or insect and disease and are vital to the economic fabric of their communities.Organic Materials Recycling

139、Solid Waste Infrastructure for Recycling(SWIFR):EPAs SWIFR grant program,which is funded through Bipartisan Infrastructure Law,provides$275 million from FY22 to FY26.The funding will support improvements to waste management systems,allowing resources to be used more efficiently and reducing the impa

140、ct on the climate and aims to create a stronger,more resilient,and cost-effective U.S.municipal solid waste recycling system.Eligible projects include development of and/or upgrades to composting facilities or anaerobic digesters to increase capacity for organics recycling,improving wasted food data

141、 and more.Consumer Recycling Education and Outreach(REO):EPAs REO grant program,which is funded through Bipartisan Infrastructure Law,provides$75 million from FY22 to FY26 to improve the effectiveness of residential and community recycling and composting programs through public education and outreac

142、h.Anaerobic digestion and rendering projects are eligible as well,along with actions to prevent food waste.Wood Community Wood Grant Program:USDA provides grants to install thermal wood energy systems or to build innovative wood product manufacturing facilities.The program places extra emphasis on a

143、ssisting sawmills in economically challenged areas to retool or add advanced technology.McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Research Program:This USDA capacity grant is allocated to States to support forestry research at State forestry schools and A Plan to Enable the Bioeconomy in America|44 coll

144、eges and to develop a trained workforce of forest scientists capable of conducting research for:1)Reforestation and management of land for the production of crops of timber and other related products of the forest;2)Management of forest and related watershed lands to improve conditions of water flow

145、 and to protect resources against floods and erosion;3)Management of forest and related rangeland for production of forage for domestic livestock and game and improvement of food and habitat for wildlife;4)Management of forest lands for outdoor recreation;5)Protection of forest land and resources ag

146、ainst fire,insects,diseases,or other destructive agents;6)Utilization of wood and other forest products;and 7)Development of sound policies for the management of forest lands and the harvesting and marketing of forest products.Wood Innovations Grants Program:USDAs program stimulates,expands,and supp

147、orts U.S.wood products markets and wood energy markets to support the long-term management of National Forest System and other forest lands.National focus areas include mass timber,renewable wood energy,and technological development that supports hazardous fuel reduction and sustainable forest manag

148、ement.Workforce Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Education and Workforce Development:USDAs initiative focuses on developing the next generation of research,education,and extension professionals in the food and agricultural sciences.Projects funded through this program area address projected

149、shortfalls of qualified graduates in the agricultural,food,and renewable natural resources sectors of the U.S.economy.Bioenergy Workforce Development Strategy:DOEs program supports a workforce development strategy that enhances bioenergy literacy,improves educational resources,supports workforce tra

150、ining opportunities,and increases diversity in the future bioenergy workforce.Directorate for STEM Education:NSF supports initiatives that build the STEM-capable U.S.workforce of the future and ensure Americans are prepared to meet evolving workplace demands,through programs and solicitations aimed

151、at supporting learners in elementary and secondary schools,2-year and 4-year undergraduate studies,graduate school,and the professional workforce.NSFs Advanced Technological Education program improves education of technicians for high-technology industries important to the Nations economy and securi

152、ty,and supports centers like InnovATEBIO,which is working to advance the education of highly skilled technicians for the Nations biotechnology workforce by providing leadership in biotechnology technician education,including support for development and sharing of best practices and emerging technolo

153、gies in biotechnology workforce development.Renewable Resource Extension Act(RREA):USDAs RREA Program expands the capacity of natural resources extension educators to deliver current,relevant,research-based programs to help forest and rangeland owners,communities,policymakers,and the public make inf

154、ormed decisions in areas of critical importance to the ecological,social,and economic well-being of the Nation.It supports educational programs that address the bottlenecks in the utilization of biomass for energy among sectors in the biomass industry.A Plan to Enable the Bioeconomy in America|45 No

155、n-Discrimination Statement In accordance with Federal civil rights law and U.S.Department of Agriculture(USDA)civil rights regulations and policies,the USDA,its Agencies,offices,and employees,and institutions participating in or administering USDA programs are prohibited from discriminating based on

156、 race,color,national origin,religion,sex,gender identity(including gender expression),sexual orientation,disability,age,marital status,family/parental status,income derived from a public assistance program,political beliefs,or reprisal or retaliation for prior civil rights activity,in any program or

157、 activity conducted or funded by USDA(not all bases apply to all programs).Remedies and complaint filing deadlines vary by program or incident.Persons with disabilities who require alternative means of communication for program information(e.g.,Braille,large print,audiotape,American Sign Language,et

158、c.)should contact the responsible Agency or USDAs TARGET Center at(202)720-2600(voice and TTY)or contact USDA through the Federal Relay Service at(800)877-8339.Additionally,program information may be made available in languages other than English.To file a program discrimination complaint,complete t

159、he USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form,AD-3027,found online at How to File a Program Discrimination Complaint and at any USDA office or write a letter addressed to USDA and provide in the letter all of the information requested in the form.To request a copy of the complaint form,call(866)632-

160、9992.Submit your completed form or letter to USDA by:(1)mail:U.S.Department of Agriculture,Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights,1400 Independence Avenue,SW,Washington,D.C.20250-9410;(2)fax:(202)690-7442;or(3)email:program.intakeusda.gov.USDA is an equal opportunity provider,employer,and lender.