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1、Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2024Nic Newman with Richard Fletcher,Craig T.Robertson,Amy Ross Arguedas,and Rasmus Kleis Nielsen Reuters Institute for the Study of JournalismDOI:10.60625/risj-vy6n-4v57Surveyed bySpanish translation supported byReuters Institute Digital News Report 2024Support

2、ed byMain sponsorForeword by Rasmus Kleis Nielsen 5Methodology 6Authorship and Research Acknowledgements 7SECTION 1 Executive Summary and Key Findings by Nic Newman 9SECTION 2 Further Analysis and International Comparison 332.1 Public Perspectives on Trust in News 342.2 Public Attitudes Towards the

3、Use of AI in Journalism 392.3 More than Just the Facts:How News Audiences Think about User Needs 442.4 How Much do People Pay for Online News?And What Might Encourage More People to Pay?49 2.5 What do we Know about the Rise of Alternative Voices and News Influencers in Social and Video Networks?53SE

4、CTION 3 Country and Market Data 61EUROPE 3.01 United Kingdom 64 3.02 Austria 663.03 Belgium 683.04 Bulgaria 703.05 Croatia 723.06 Czech Republic 743.07 Denmark 763.08 Finland 783.09 France 803.10 Germany 823.11 Greece 843.12 Hungary 863.13 Ireland 883.14 Italy 903.15 Netherlands 923.16 Norway 943.17

5、 Poland 963.18 Portugal 983.19 Romania 1003.20 Slovakia 1023.21 Spain 1043.22 Sweden 1063.23 Switzerland 1083.24 Turkey 110AMERICAS 3.25 United States 1143.26 Argentina 1163.27 Brazil 1183.28 Canada 1203.29 Chile 1223.30 Colombia 1243.31 Mexico 1263.32 Peru 128ASIA-PACIFIC 3.33 Australia 1323.34 Hon

6、g Kong 1343.35 India 1363.36 Indonesia 1383.37 Japan 1403.38 Malaysia 1423.39 Philippines 1443.40 Singapore 1463.41 South Korea 1483.42 Taiwan 1503.43 Thailand 152AFRICA 3.44 Kenya 1563.45 Morocco 1583.46 Nigeria 1603.47 South Africa 162SECTION 4 References and selected publications 165ContentsReute

7、rs Institute for the Study of Journalism|Digital News Report 20244This years Reuters Institute Digital News Report documents the scale and scope of ongoing platform resets where even before new advances in generative artificial intelligence further change the information ecosystem the environment fo

8、r publishers and others who want to connect with the public is undergoing substantial change.Legacy social media such as Facebook and X are actively reducing the prominence and role of news on their platforms,and moving further away from a reliance on links driving referrals to publishers,even as in

9、creasingly popular platforms of different kinds are growing more important,also for how many people access,find,share,and experience news.Visual and video-led platforms including TikTok,Instagram,and YouTube are all growing in importance,and WhatsApp,with very different forms of discovery and distri

10、bution,plays a major role in many countries.As rival technology companies compete to attract public attention,advertising,and other partners,many of them are also focusing on encouraging a growing multitude of creators,influencers,and various others to post to their platforms.These voices are increa

11、singly getting the most attention also from the public sometimes even when it comes to news.Driven by the strategies of competing platform companies,and by how members of the public and those who want to reach them make use of their offers,these changes compound the challenges faced by publishers ac

12、ross the globe who continue to struggle to convince much of the public that the news they offer is trustworthy and worth paying attention to(let alone paying for).Research documenting these challenges can make for uncomfortable reading,but also provides necessary evidence and insight to help those i

13、n journalism and the news industry who are willing to contemplate the need for change to re-engage the wider public as the Danish publisher Lea Korsgaard has put it,People dont miss journalism.But journalism miss people.Our report this year is based on data from many of these people,with answers pro

14、vided by representative samples adding up to almost 100,000 individual survey respondents.With the addition of Morocco,this is the largest report we have ever published,covering 47 markets that together account for more than half the worlds population.As we have expanded our work across very differe

15、nt markets,we continue to be selective about where we compare data points across the whole sample and focus more on meaningful comparisons across markets that are broadly similar.We continue to work to improve data quality and provide more detail about differences in polling samples in both the meth

16、odology pages and the relevant country pages.The Digital News Report is only possible because we have the privilege of working with a strong network of partners and sponsors around the world.We collaborate with outstanding academics as well as experienced journalists and media experts who help us in

17、 many crucial ways,contributing to developing our survey questions and writing many of the country pages but also checking questionnaires in various languages,helping with interpretation,and in many cases publishing their own reports.Given the richness of the research,this report can only convey a s

18、mall part of the data and analysis.More detail is available on our website reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/which contains slide packs and charts,along with a licence that encourages reuse,subject to attribution.Making all this possible,we are hugely grateful to our sponsors,in particular to our m

19、ain sponsor,the Google News Initiative,which continues to support research on a truly global scale,as well as BBC News,Ofcom,the Irish Coimisin na Men,the Dutch Media Authority(CvdM),the Media Industry Research Foundation of Finland,the Fritt Ord Foundation,the Korea Press Foundation,Edelman UK,NHK(

20、Japan),and the Reuters News Agency,as well as our academic sponsors at the Leibniz Institute for Media Research/Hans Bredow Institute,the University of Navarra in Spain,the University of Canberra,the Centre dtudes sur les mdias,Qubec,Canada,and Roskilde University,Denmark.Fundacin Gabo continues to

21、support the translation of the report into Spanish.We are delighted that YouTube has joined the group of sponsors,and grateful that Code for Africa has increased their support for the report to enable us to include Morocco this year,as we continue to seek to expand our coverage in the majority world

22、.Foreword Professor Rasmus Kleis Nielsen Director,Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism(RISJ)Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism|Digital News Report 20245MethodologyThis study has been commissioned by the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism to understand how news is being

23、 consumed in a range of countries.Research was conducted by YouGov using an online questionnaire at the end of January/beginning of February 2024.Samples were assembled using nationally representative quotas for age,gender,and region in every market.Education quotas were also set in all markets exce

24、pt Kenya,Nigeria,Morocco,Peru,and Thailand.We also apply political quotas based on vote choice in the most recent national election in around a third of our markets including the United States,Australia,and much of Western Europe.The data in all markets were weighted to targets based on census/indus

25、try accepted data.Data from India,Kenya,Nigeria,and South Africa are representative of younger English-speakers and not the national population,because it is not possible to reach other groups in a representative way using an online survey.The survey was fielded mostly in English in these markets,1

26、and restricted to ages 18 to 50 in Kenya and Nigeria.Findings should not be taken to be nationally representative in these countries.More generally,online samples will tend to under-represent the news consumption habits of people who are older and less affluent,meaning online use is typically over-r

27、epresented and traditional offline use under-represented.In this sense,it is better to think of results as representative of the online population.In markets in Northern and Western Europe,where internet penetration is typically over 95%,the differences between the online population and national pop

28、ulation will be small,but in South Africa(58%)and India(60%),where internet penetration is lower,the differences between the online population and the national population will be large,meaning we need to be cautious when comparing between markets.The use of a non-probability sampling approach means

29、that it is not possible to compute a conventional margin of error for individual data points.However,differences of+/-2 percentage points(pp)or less are very unlikely to be statistically significant and should be interpreted with a very high degree of caution.We typically do not regard differences o

30、f+/-2pp as meaningful,and as a general rule we do not refer to them in the text.The same applies to small changes over time.Surveys capture peoples self-reported behaviour,which does not always reflect peoples actual behaviour due to biases and imperfect recall.They are useful for capturing peoples

31、opinions,but these are subjective and reflect public opinion rather than objective reality.2 Even with relatively large sample sizes it is not possible to meaningfully analyse many minority groups.Some of our survey-based results will not match industry data,which are often based on different method

32、ologies,such as web-tracking.A fuller description of the methodology,panel partners,and a discussion of non-probability sampling techniques can be found on our website along with the full questionnaire reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk.MarketSamplesizePopulationInternet penetrationEuropeUK2,10768m9

33、5%Austria2,0159.1m 88%Belgium2,05011.7m 92%Bulgaria2,0276.9m70%Croatia2,0074m93%Czech Republic2,00910.7m87%Denmark2,0115.8m 98%Finland2,0155.6m 94%France2,01066m 92%Germany2,01284m 94%Greece2,02010m 79%Hungary2,0239.6m 89%Ireland2,0345m92%Italy2,01560m91%Netherlands2,03717m 95%Norway2,0245.5m98%Mark

34、etSamplesizePopulationInternet penetrationPoland2,00038m92%Portugal2,01210m 88%Romania2,00719m 78%Slovakia2,0135.5m90%Spain2,06047m93%Sweden2,01810m97%Switzerland2,0128.8m96%Turkey2,08286m85%AmericasUSA2,023331m 90%Argentina2,02346m 91%Brazil2,022215m 83%Canada2,01438m 94%Chile2,02619m97%Colombia2,0

35、2552m 83%Mexico2,030132m 67%Peru2,01334m87%MarketSamplesizePopulationInternet penetrationAsia-Pacifi cAustralia2,00326m 90%Hong Kong2,0057.6m 92%India2,0161,402m60%Indonesia2,008278m 76%Japan2,019127m 93%Malaysia2,01233m 94%Philippines2,014112m 91%Singapore2,0135.9m 92%South Korea2,01551m 97%Taiwan2

36、,01124m95%Thailand2,00870m88%AfricaKenya2,04356m85%Morocco2,02237m69%Nigeria2,035211m73%South Africa2,01360m58%Source:Internet World Stats(http:/).1 Respondents in India could choose to complete the survey in Hindi and respondents in Kenya could chose Swahili,but in both cases the vast majority sele

37、cted an English survey.2 From 2012 to 2020 we filtered out respondents who said that they had not consumed any news in the past month.From 2021 onwards we included this group,which generally has lower interest in news.In previous years this group averaged around 23%of the starting sample in each mar

38、ket,meaning that the decision to include it has not affected comparative results in any significant way.Some figures have been affected by one or two points in the UK,USA,and Australia,and we have taken this into account when interpreting changes involving these years.Reuters Institute for the Study

39、 of Journalism|Digital News Report 20246Authorship and Research AcknowledgementsMarket-level commentary and additional insight around media developments have been provided by academic partners and by our network of Reuters Journalist Fellows around the world.RISJ Senior Research Associate Dr David L

40、evy did invaluable work editing and further developing many of the country profiles in this years report,as did Giles Wilson.Additional expert analysis and interpretation of the survey data were provided by the team at YouGov,in particular,Charlotte Clifford,David Eastbury,Tibet Quinn,Caryhs Innes,a

41、nd Valery Roslikova.Dr Richard Fletcher is Director of Research at the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism.He is primarily interested in global trends in digital news consumption,the use of social media by journalists and news organisations,and more broadly,the relationship between compute

42、r-based technologies and journalism.Dr Amy Ross Arguedas is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow in Digital News at the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism.She has worked extensively on issues around trust in media and previously worked as a journalist for the Costa Rican newspaper La Nacin.Dr C

43、raig T.Robertson is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism whose interests include trends in news consumption,audience trust in and perceptions of news,and the impacts of technology on the news industry.Prof.Rasmus Kleis Nielsen is Director of the Reuters

44、 Institute for the Study of Journalism,Professor of Political Communication at the University of Oxford,and served as Editor-in-Chief of theInternational Journal of Press/Politics from 2015 to 2018.His work focuses on changes in the news media,political communication,and the role of digital technolo

45、gies in both.Nic Newman is Senior Research Associate at the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism and is also a consultant on digital media,working actively with news companies on product,audience,and business strategies for digital transition.He writes an annual report for the Institute on

46、future media and technology trends.Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism|Digital News Report 20247SECTION 1Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism|Digital News Report 20248SECTION 1Executive Summary and Key FindingsNic Newman Senior Research Associate,Reuters Institute for the Study of

47、 JournalismReuters Institute for the Study of Journalism|Digital News Report 20249This years report comes at a time when around half the worlds population have been going to the polls in national and regional elections,and as wars continue to rage in Ukraine and Gaza.In these troubled times,a supply

48、 of accurate,independent journalism remains more important than ever,and yet in many of the countries covered in our survey we find the news media increasingly challenged by rising mis-and disinformation,low trust,attacks by politicians,and an uncertain business environment.Our country pages this ye

49、ar(pp.61-163)are filled with examples of layoffs,closures,and other cuts due to a combination of rising costs,falling advertising revenues,and sharp declines in traffic from social media.In some parts of the world these economic challenges have made it even harder for news media to resist pressures

50、from powerful businesspeople or governments looking to influence coverage and control narratives.There is no single cause for this crisis;it has been building for some time,but many of the immediate challenges are compounded by the power and changing strategies of rival big tech companies,including

51、social media,search engines,and video platforms.Some are now explicitly deprioritising news and political content,while others have switched focus from publishers to creators,and pushing more fun and engaging formats including video to keep more attention within their own platforms.These private com

52、panies do not have any obligations to the news,but with many people now getting much of their information via these competing platforms,these shifts have consequences not only for the news industry,but also our societies.As if this were not enough,rapid advances in artificial intelligence(AI)are abo

53、ut to set in motion a further series of changes including AI-driven search interfaces and chatbots that could further reduce traffic flows to news websites and apps,adding further uncertainty to how information environments might look in a few years.Our report this year documents the scale and impac

54、t of these platform resets.With TikTok,Instagram Reels,and YouTube on the rise,we look at why consumers are embracing more video consumption and investigate which mainstream and alternative accounts including creators and influencers are getting most attention when it comes to news.We also explore t

55、he very different levels of confidence people have in their ability to distinguish between trustworthy and untrustworthy content on a range of popular third-party platforms around the world.For the first time in our survey,we also take a detailed look at consumer attitudes towards the use of AI in t

56、he news,supported by qualitative research in three countries(the UK,US,and Mexico).As publishers rapidly adopt AI,to make their businesses more efficient and to personalise content,our research suggests they need to proceed with caution,as the public generally wants humans in the driving seat at all

57、 times.With publishers struggling to connect with much of the public,and growing numbers of people selectively(and in some cases continuously)avoiding the news,we have also explored different user needs to understand where the biggest gaps lie between what audiences want and what publishers currentl

58、y provide.And we look at the price that some consumers are currently paying for online news and what might entice more people to join them.This 13th edition of our Digital News Report,which is based on data from six continents and 47 markets,reminds us that these changes are not always evenly distri

59、buted.While journalism is struggling overall,in some parts of the world news media remain profitable,independent,and widely trusted.But even in these countries,we find challenges around the pace of change,the role of platforms,and how to adapt to a digital environment that seems to become more compl

60、ex and fragmented every year.The overall story is captured in this Executive Summary,followed by Section 2 with chapters containing additional analysis,and then individual country and market pages in Section 3.A SUMMARY OF SOME OF THE KEY FINDINGS FROM OUR 2024 RESEARCH In many countries,especially

61、outside Europe and the United States,we find a significant further decline in the use of Facebook for news and a growing reliance on a range of alternatives including private messaging apps and video networks.Facebook news consumption is down 4 percentage points,across all countries,in the last year

62、.News use across online platforms is fragmenting,with six networks now reaching at least 10%of our respondents,compared with just two a decade ago.YouTube is used for news by almost a third(31%)of our global sample each week,WhatsApp by around a fifth(21%),while TikTok(13%)has overtaken Twitter(10%)

63、,now rebranded X,for the first time.Linked to these shifts,video is becoming a more important source of online news,especially with younger groups.Short news videos are accessed by two-thirds(66%)of our sample each week,with longer formats attracting around half(51%).The main locus of news video con

64、sumption is online platforms(72%)rather than publisher websites(22%),increasing the challenges around monetisation and connection.Although the platform mix is shifting,the majority continue to identify platforms including social media,search,or aggregators as their main gateway to online news.Across

65、 markets,only around a fifth of respondents(22%)identify news websites or apps as their main source of online news thats down 10 percentage points on 2018.Publishers in a few Northern European markets have managed to buck this trend,but younger groups everywhere are showing a weaker connection with

66、news brands than they did in the past.Turning to the sources that people pay most attention to when it comes to news on various platforms,we find an increasing focus on partisan commentators,influencers,and young news creators,especially on YouTube and TikTok.But in social networks such as Facebook

67、and X,traditional news brands and journalists still tend to play a prominent role.Concern about what is real and what is fake on the internet when it comes to online news has risen by 3 percentage points in the last year with around six in ten(59%)saying they are concerned.The figure is considerably

68、 higher in South Africa(81%)and the United States(72%),both countries that have been holding elections this year.Worries about how to distinguish between trustworthy and untrustworthy content in online platforms is highest for TikTok and X when compared with other online networks.Both platforms have

69、 hosted misinformation or conspiracies around stories such as the war in Gaza,and the Princess of Waless health,as well as so-called deep fake pictures and videos.Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism|Digital News Report 202410 As publishers embrace the use of AI we find widespread suspicion

70、 about how it might be used,especially for hard news stories such as politics or war.There is more comfort with the use of AI in behind-the-scenes tasks such as transcription and translation;in supporting rather than replacing journalists.Trust in the news(40%)has remained stable over the last year,

71、but is still four points lower overall than it was at the height of the Coronavirus pandemic.Finland remains the country with the highest levels of overall trust(69%),while Greece(23%)and Hungary(23%)have the lowest levels,amid concerns about undue political and business influence over the media.Ele

72、ctions have increased interest in the news in a few countries,including the United States(+3),but the overall trend remains downward.Interest in news in Argentina,for example,has fallen from 77%in 2017 to 45%today.In the United Kingdom interest in news has almost halved since 2015.In both countries

73、the change is mirrored by a similar decline in interest in politics.At the same time,we find a rise in selective news avoidance.Around four in ten(39%)now say they sometimes or often avoid the news up 3 percentage points on last years average with more significant increases in Brazil,Spain,Germany,a

74、nd Finland.Open comments suggest that the intractable conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East may have had some impact.In a separate question,we find that the proportion that say they feel overloaded by the amount of news these days has grown substantially(+11pp)since 2019 when we last asked this q

75、uestion.In exploring user needs around news,our data suggest that publishers may be focusing too much on updating people on top news stories and not spending enough time providing different perspectives on issues or reporting stories that can provide a basis for occasional optimism.In terms of topic

76、s,we find that audiences feel mostly well served by political and sports news but there are gaps around local news in some countries,as well as health and education news.Our data show little growth in news subscription,with just 17%saying they paid for any online news in the last year,across a baske

77、t of 20 richer countries.North European countries such as Norway(40%)and Sweden(31%)have the highest proportion of those paying,with Japan(9%)and the United Kingdom(8%)amongst the lowest.As in previous years,we find that a large proportion of digital subscriptions go to just a few upmarket national

78、brands reinforcing the winner takes most dynamics that are often linked with digital media.In some countries we find evidence of heavy discounting,with around four in ten(41%)saying they currently pay less than the full price.Prospects of attracting new subscribers remain limited by a continued relu

79、ctance to pay for news,linked to low interest and an abundance of free sources.Well over half(55%)of those that are not currently subscribing say that they would pay nothing for online news,with most of the rest prepared to offer the equivalent of just a few dollars per month,when pressed.Across mar

80、kets,just 2%of non-payers say that they would pay the equivalent of an average full price subscription.News podcasting remains a bright spot for publishers,attracting younger,well-educated audiences but is a minority activity overall.Across a basket of 20 countries,just over a third(35%)access a pod

81、cast monthly,with 13%accessing a show relating to news and current affairs.Many of the most popular podcasts are now filmed and distributed via video platforms such as YouTube and TikTok.THE GREAT PLATFORM RESET IS UNDERWAY Online platforms have shaped many aspects of our lives over the last few dec

82、ades,from how we find and distribute information,how we are advertised to,how we spend our money,how we share experiences,and most recently,how we consume entertainment.But even as online platforms have brought great convenience for consumers and advertisers have flocked to them they have also disru

83、pted traditional publishing business models in very profound ways.Our data suggest we are now at the beginning of a technology shift which is bringing a new wave of innovation to the platform environment,presenting challenges for incumbent technology companies,the news industry,and for society.Platf

84、orms have been adjusting strategies in the light of generative AI,and are also navigating changing consumer behaviour,as well as increased regulatory concerns about misinformation and other issues.Meta in particular has been trying to reduce the role of news across Facebook,Instagram,and Threads,and

85、 has restricted the algorithmic promotion of political content.The company has also been reducing support for the news industry,not renewing deals worth millions of dollars,and removing its news tab in a number of countries.3The impact of these changes,some which have been going on for a while,is il

86、lustrated by our first chart which uses aggregated data from 12 mostly developed markets we have been following since 2014.It shows declining,though still substantial,reach for Facebook over time down 16pp since 2016 as well as increased fragmentation of attention across multiple networks.A decade a

87、go,only Facebook and YouTube had a reach of more than 10%for news in these countries,now there are many more networks,often being used in combination(several of them are owned by Meta).Taken together,platforms remain as important as ever but the role and strategy of individual platforms is changing

88、as they compete and evolve,with Facebook becoming less important,and many others becoming relatively more so.REUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM/EXECUTIVE SUMMARY GRAPHSGraph 2PROPORTION THAT USED EACH NETWORK FOR NEWSIN THE LAST WEEK SELECTED COUNTRIES Q12b.Which,if any,of the following h

89、ave you used for news in the last week?Base:Total sample in each country-year in UK,USA,Germany,France,Spain,Italy,Denmark,Finland,Japan,Australia(2014-24),Brazil,and Ireland(2015-24)2000.FacebookAlsoThreads:1%Mastodon:1%SnapchatWhatsAppYouTubeTikTokX(formerly Twitter)InstagramFacebook Messenger0%25

90、%50%TikTokYouTubeWhatsAppSnapchatInstagramFacebook MessengerTwitterFacebook2024202320222021202020192018201720162015201436%16%9%7%6%2%26%22%11%16%15%1%1%8%6%2%Facebook algorithm changes,deprioritises news3 https:/ Institute for the Study of Journalism|Digital News Report 202411The previous chart also

91、 highlights the strong shift towards video-based networks such as YouTube,TikTok(and Instagram),all of which have grown in importance for news since the COVID-19 pandemic drove new habits.Faced with new competition,both Facebook and X have been refocusing their strategies,looking to keep users withi

92、n the platform rather than link out to publishers as they might have done in the past.This has involved a prioritisation of video and other proprietary formats.Industry data show that the combined effect of these changes was to reduce traffic referrals from Facebook to publishers by 48%last year and

93、 from X by 27%.4 Looking at survey data across our 47 markets we find much regional and country-based variation in the use of different networks,with the fastest changes in the Global South,perhaps because they tend to be more dependent on social media for news.TikTok remains most popular with young

94、er groups and,although its use for any purpose is similar to last year,the proportion using it for news has grown to 13%(+2)across all markets and 23%for 1824s.These averages hide rapid growth in Africa,Latin America,and parts of Asia.More than a third now use the network for news every week in Thai

95、land(39%)and Kenya(36%),with a quarter or more accessing it in Indonesia(29%)and Peru(27%).This compares with just 4%in the UK,3%in Denmark,and 9%in the United States.The future of TikTok remains uncertain in the US following concerns about Chinese influence and it is already banned in India,though

96、similar apps,such as Moj,Chingari,and Josh,are emerging there.The growing reach of TikTok and other youth-orientated networks has not escaped the attention of politicians who have incorporated it into their media campaigns.Argentinas new populist president,Javier Milei,runs a successful TikTok accou

97、nt with 2.2m followers while the new Indonesian president,Prabowo Subianto,swept to victory in February using a social media campaign featuring AI-generated images,rebranding the former hard-line general as a cute and charming dancing grandpa.We explore the implications for trust and reliability of

98、information later in this report.For further information see Section 3,relevant country pages:Argentina p.116,Indonesia p.138SHIFT TO VIDEO NETWORKS BRINGS DIFFERENT DYNAMICSTraditional social networks such as Facebook and Twitter were originally built around the social graph effectively this means

99、content posted directly by friends and contacts(connected content).But video networks such as YouTube and TikTok are focused more on content that can be posted by anybody recommended content that does not necessarily come from accounts users have chosen to follow.REUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF J

100、OURNALISM/EXECUTIVE SUMMARY GRAPHSGraph 3PROPORTION THAT USED EACH NETWORK FOR NEWSIN THE LAST WEEK-SELECTED COUNTRIESQ12b.Which,if any,of the following have you used for news in the last week?Base:Total sample in each country 2000.Note:Respondents in India and Hong Kong were not asked about TikTok.

101、0%25%50%75%100%PhilippinesColombiaMalaysiaArgentinaTurkeyTraditional networks on the slideNewer network on the riseSouth AfricaIndonesiaMalaysiaColombiaPhilippinesThailandKenyaIndonesiaSouth AfricaNigeriaTikTokX(formerly Twitter)39+9pp36+7pp29+7pp28+6pp61-11pp12-9pp48-10pp37-11pp12-6pp27-6pp12-6ppFa

102、cebook43-8pp19-6pp9-7pp23+6ppREUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM/EXECUTIVE SUMMARY GRAPHSGraph 4Q12B.Which,if any,of the following have you used for news in the last week?Base:Total sample in each market 2000.Note:TikTok has been banned in India and does not operate in Hong Kong.PROPORTION

103、 THAT USED TIKTOK FOR NEWS IN THE LAST WEEKTop ten markets are all in the Global SouthDarker colours represent higher levels of audience usage of TikTok for news.Grey indicates markets not covered or TikTok not operating.Peru27%Colombia22%Morocco22%Nigeria23%South Africa28%Malaysia31%Thailand39%Phil

104、ippines23%Indonesia29%Kenya36%23%1824Younger age prof le25343544455455+17%14%12%7%3%39%4 https:/reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/journalism-media-and-technology-trends-and-predictions-2024Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism|Digital News Report 202412In previous research(Digital News Repo

105、rt 2021,2023)we have shown that when it comes to online news,most audiences still prefer text because of its flexibility and control,but that doesnt mean that video and especially short-form video is not becoming a much bigger part of media diets.Across countries,two-thirds(66%)say they access a sho

106、rt news video,which we defined as a few minutes or less,at least once a week,again with higher levels outside the US and Western Europe.Almost nine in ten of the online population in Thailand(87%),access short-form videos weekly,with half(50%)saying they do this every day.Americans access a little l

107、ess often(60%weekly and 20%daily),while the British consume the least short-form news(39%weekly and just 9%daily).Live news streams and long-form recordings are also widely consumed.Taking the United States as an example,we can see how under 35s consume the most of each format,with older people bein

108、g relatively less likely to consume live or long-form video.One of the reasons why news video consumption is higher in the United States than in most European countries is the abundant supply of political content from both traditional and non-traditional sources.Some are creators native to online me

109、dia.Others have come from broadcast backgrounds.In the last few years,a number of high-profile TV anchors,including Megyn Kelly,Tucker Carlson,and Don Lemon,have switched their focus to online platforms as they look to take advantage of changing consumer behaviour.Carlsons interview with Russian pre

110、sident Vladimir Putin received more than 200m plays on X and 34m on his YouTube channel.In the UK,another controversial figure,Piers Morgan,recently left his daily broadcast show on Talk TV in favour of the flexibility and control offered as an independent operator working across multiple streaming

111、platforms.(It is worth noting that many of these platform moves came only after the person in question walked out on or were ditched by their former employers on mainstream TV.)REUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM/EXECUTIVE SUMMARY GRAPHSGraph 63016PROPORTION THAT USE EACH FORM OF NEWS VIDE

112、O WEEKLY BY AGE GROUP-USAQ11_video_2024.Thinking about when you have used online videos about news-related issues e.g.via a computer,smartphone,or tablet how of en,if at all,do you watch the following?Short online news video(s)(a few minutes or less)/Longer online news video(s)/Live online video str

113、eam(s)(e.g.breaking news event or live discussion).Base:U35s/35+=649/1374.Short formLong formLive streams80%60%40%20%0%Under 35sOver 35s715957553636REUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM/EXECUTIVE SUMMARY GRAPHSGraph 5PROPORTION THAT USE SHORT FORM ONLINE NEWSVIDEO WEEKLY ALL MARKETSQ11_video

114、_2024.Thinking about when you have used online videos about news-related issues e.g.via a computer,smartphone,or tablet how of en,if at all,do you watch the following?Short online news video(s)(a few minutes or less).Base:Total sample in each market 2000.0%25%50%75%100%USACanadaNorth America6057Keny

115、aNigeriaSouth AfricaMoroccoAfrica9492ThailandIndiaHong KongPhilippinesIndonesiaTaiwanSouth KoreaMalaysiaSingaporeAustraliaJapanAsia-Pacif c87818180808078787674595439PeruColombiaMexicoBrazilChileArgentinaLatin America857777767566RomaniaBulgariaHungarySlovakiaPolandCzech RepublicEasternEurope696663605

116、755TurkeyGreeceCroatiaPortugalSpainItalySouthernEurope7166656464NetherlandsSwitzerlandBelgiumAustriaGermanyFranceWesternEurope565550494945IrelandNorthernEuropeNorwaySwedenFinlandDenmarkUK61585753443982Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism|Digital News Report 202413The jury is currently out o

117、n whether these big personalities can build robust traffic or sustainable businesses within platform environments.There is a similar challenge for mainstream publishers who find platform-based videos harder to monetise than those consumed via owned and operated websites and apps.YouTube and Facebook

118、 remain the most important platforms for online news video overall(see next chart)but we see significant market differences,with Facebook the most popular for video news in the Philippines,YouTube in South Korea,and X and TikTok playing a key role in Nigeria and Indonesia respectively.YouTube is als

119、o the top destination for under 25s,though TikTok and Instagram are not far behind.Older viewers still like to consume much of their video through news websites,though the majority say they mostly access video via third-party platforms.Only in countries such as Norway do we find that getting on for

120、half of users(45%)say their main video consumption is via websites,a reflection of the strength of brands in that market,a commitment to a good user experience,and a strategy that restricts the number of publisher videos that are posted to platforms like Facebook and YouTube.Where do people pay atte

121、ntion when using online platforms?One of the big challenges of the shift to video networks with a younger age profile is that journalists and news organisations are often eclipsed by news creators and other influencers,even when it comes to news.This year we repeated a question we asked first in 202

122、1 about where audiences pay most attention when it comes to news on various platforms.As in previous years,we find that across markets,while mainstream media and journalists often lead conversations in X and Facebook,they struggle to get as much attention in Instagram,Snapchat,and TikTok where alter

123、native sources and personalities,including online influencers and celebrities,are often more prominent.REUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM/EXECUTIVE SUMMARY GRAPHSGraph 8PROPORTION THAT SAY EACH IS THEIR MAIN ONLINE NEWS VIDEO PLATFORM BY AGE GROUP ALL MARKETS 182425343544Q11_video_2024_ch

124、annel.Which of the following do you tend to use most,when it comes to watching online news or news-related videos?Base:18-24/25-34/35-44/45-54/55+who use online news-related videos in all markets=10,024/15,332/15,177/13,729/26,517.X(formerly Twitter)FacebookInstagramYouTubeTikTokNews websiteAny soci

125、al/video platform86817669601813975161076331075423232525241625282624455455+0%25%50%75%100%1014192532Younger leaningOlder leaningREUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM/EXECUTIVE SUMMARY GRAPHSGraph 9PROPORTION THAT SAY EACH IS THEIR MAIN ONLINE NEWS VIDEO PLATFORM-SELECTED MARKETSQ11_video_2024

126、_channel.Which of the following do you tend to use most,when it comes to watching online news or news-related videos?Base:All who use online news-related videos in Philippines=1915,Indonesia=1837,Nigeria=2006,USA=1630,Norway=1706.Note:Snapchat(not shown)is relatively widely used for video in Norway(

127、5%)but not in other markets.TikTokAny social/video platform(NET)X(formerly Twitter)InstagramYouTubeFacebookNews website8929346288881122617311084106183119146875419282145463151045PhilippinesIndonesiaNigeriaNorwayUSA0%25%50%75%100%Equal platform,news brand preferenceReuters Institute for the Study of J

128、ournalism|Digital News Report 202414It is a similar story across many markets,though differences emerge when we look at specific online networks and at a country level.In the following chart we compare attention around news content on YouTube,the second largest network overall.We find that alternati

129、ve sources and online influencers play a bigger role in both the United States and Brazil than is the case in the United Kingdom.But who are these personalities and celebrities and what kind of alternative sources are attracting attention?To answer these questions,we asked respondents that had selec

130、ted each option to list up to three mainstream accounts they followed most closely and then three alternative ones(e.g.alternative accounts,influencers,etc).We then counted and coded these responses.In the United States,in particular,we find a wide range of politically partisan voices including Tuck

131、er Carlson,Alex Jones(recently reinstated on X),Ben Shapiro,Glenn Beck,and many more.These voices come mostly from the right,with a narrative around a trusted alternative to what they see as the biased liberal mainstream media,but there is also significant representation on the progressive left(Davi

132、d Pakman and commentators from Meidas Touch).The top 10 named individuals in the US list are all men who tend to express strong opinions about politics.For further analysis see Section 2.5:What do we Know about the Rise of Alternative Voices and News Influencers in Social and Video Networks?REUTERS

133、INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM/EXECUTIVE SUMMARY GRAPHSGraph 110%25%50%75%100%10136343635264345223020464042463534PROPORTION THAT PAY ATTENTION TO EACH SOURCE OF NEWS ON YOUTUBE SELECTED COUNTRIESMainstream news brands/journalistsSmaller/alternative news sources or journalistsPoliticians/polit

134、ical activistsOrdinary peopleOnline personalities/celebrities/creatorsUKUSABrazilQ12_Social_sources.You said that you use YouTube for news When it comes to news on YouTube,which of these sources do you generally pay most attention to?Please select all that apply.Base:Randomly selected YouTube news u

135、sers in UK=167,USA=348,Brazil=460.Dont knowMainstream newsAlternative sourcesAlternative sourcesAlternative sourcesPersonalities/inf uencersPersonalities/inf uencersREUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM/EXECUTIVE SUMMARY GRAPHSGraph 100%25%50%75%100%383930343543453946535957432628262627402932

136、333132533941413434Q12_Social_sources.You said that you use for news When it comes to news on,which of these sources do you generally pay most attention to?Please select all that apply.Base:Randomly selected news users of Facebook=22,441,X=5414,YouTube=17,614,Instagram=8997,Snapchat=909,TikTok=5694.M

137、ainstream news outlets/mainstream journalistsSmaller or alternative news sourcesPoliticians/political activistsPersonalities(incl.celebrities and inf uencers)Ordinary peopleMainstream newsPoliticians/activistsMainstream newsMainstream newsAlternative sourcesOrdinary peopleOrdinary peoplePersonalitie

138、s/celebritiesPersonalities/celebritiesPersonalities/celebritiesPersonalities/celebritiesPersonalities/celebritiesMainstream newsFacebookYouTubeInstagramSnapchatTikTokPROPORTION THAT PAY ATTENTION TO EACH SOURCE OF NEWS ON EACH NETWORK ALL MARKETSX(formerly Twitter)Alternative sourcesReuters Institut

139、e for the Study of Journalism|Digital News Report 202415Partisan voices(from both left and right)are an important part of the picture elsewhere,but we also find diverse perspectives and new approaches to storytelling.In France,Hugo Travers,27,known online as Hugo Dcrypte,has become a leading news so

140、urce for young French people for his explanatory videos about politics(2.6m subscribers on YouTube and 5.8m on TikTok).Our data show that across all networks he gets more mentions than traditional news brands such as Le Monde or BFMTV.According to our data,the average audience age of his followers i

141、s just 27,compared to between 40 and 45 for large traditional brands such as Le Monde or BFMTV.Youth-focused brands Brut and Konbini were also widely cited in France,while in the UK,Politics Joe and TLDR News,set up by Jack Kelly,attract attention for videos that try to make serious topics accessibl

142、e for young people.The most mentioned TikTok news creator in the UK is Dylan Page,who has more than 10m followers on the platform.In the United States,Vitus Spehar presents a fun daily news round-up,often from a prone v on the floor,underthedesknews(a satirical dig at the classic TV format).Coverage

143、 of war and conflictWe also found a number of accounts sharing videos about the wars in Gaza and Ukraine.With mainstream news access restricted,young social media influencers in Gaza,Yemen,and elsewhere have been filling in the gaps documenting the often-brutal realities of life on the ground.Becaus

144、e these videos are posted by many different accounts and ordinary people,it is hard to quantify the impact,but our methodology does pick up a few individual influencer accounts as well as campaigning groups that pull together footage from across social media.As one example,the Instagram account Eye

145、on Palestine appears in our data across a number of countries.The account says it brings the sounds and images that official media does not show.WarMonitor,one of a number of influential accounts that have been recommended by prominent figures such as Elon Musk,has added hundreds of thousands of fol

146、lowers during the IsraelPalestine conflict.Finally,celebrities such as Taylor Swift,the Kardashians,and Lionel Messi were widely mentioned by younger people,mostly in reference to Instagram,despite the fact that they rarely talk about politics.This suggests that younger people take a wide view of ne

147、ws,potentially including updates on a singers tour dates,on fashion,or on football.Motivations for using social videoIn analysing open comments,we found three core reasons why audiences are attracted to video and other content in social and video platforms.First,respondents,including many younger on

148、es,say the comparatively unfiltered nature of much of the coverage makes it come across as more trustworthy and authentic than traditional media.I like the videos that were taken by an innocent bystander.These videos are unedited and there is no bias or political spin,says one.5 There is an enduring

149、 belief that videos are harder to falsify,while enabling people to make up their own mind,even as the development of AI may lead more people to question it.Secondly,people talk about the convenience of having news served to you on a platform where you already spend time,which knows your interests,an

150、d where the algorithm feeds suggestions based on previous viewing.They are short,easy-to-watch clips that are sufficient to provide news in a nutshell Male,39,USAThirdly,social video platforms are valued for the different perspectives they bring.For some people that meant a partisan perspective that

151、 aligns with their interests,but for others it related to the greater depth around a personal passion or a wider range of topics to explore.I can find something on nearly any topic,many different worldviews and perspectives,long videos for deep-dives,short form for a quick look,and everything in bet

152、ween.Female,23,USA5 While not necessarily a reliable indicator of underlying trustworthiness,such reliance on realism heuristics also helps shape often high trust in television news versus other sources.REUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM/EXECUTIVE SUMMARY GRAPHSGraph 12YOUTH-BASED NEWS IN

153、FLUENCERS AROUND THE WORLDYOUTH-BASED NEWS INFLUENCERS AROUND THE WORLDHugo TraversJack KellyVitus SpeharEye on PalestineOne of many accounts highlighting the devastation in Gaza11m followers on InstagramREUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM/EXECUTIVE SUMMARY GRAPHSGraph 131.Seeing is believ

154、ingSeeing is believing12.ConvenienceConvenience3.Diverse perspectivesDiverse perspectivesYou can trust it moreYou can trust it moreAligns with my interestsAligns with my interestsVariety of opinions.Not just mainstream mediaVariety of opinions.Not just mainstream media23Reuters Institute for the Stu

155、dy of Journalism|Digital News Report 202416It is important to note that very few people only use online video for news each week around 4%across countries according to our data.The majority use a mix of text,video,and audio and a combination of mainstream brands that may or may not be supplemented b

156、y alternative voices.But as audiences consume more content in these networks,they sometimes worry less about where the content comes from,and more about the convenience and choice delivered within their feed.Though there are examples of successful video consumption within news websites and apps,for

157、most publishers the shift towards video presents a difficult balancing act.How can they take advantage of a format that can engage audiences in powerful ways,including younger ones,while developing meaningful relationships and businesses on someone elses platform?TO WHAT EXTENT DO PEOPLE FEEL CONFID

158、ENT ABOUT IDENTIFYING TRUSTWORTHY NEWS IN DIFFERENT ONLINE PLATFORMS?In this critical year of elections,many worry about the reliability of content,about the scope for manipulation of online platforms by bad actors,over how some domestic politicians and media personalities express themselves,and abo

159、ut the opaque ways in which platforms themselves select and promote content.Across markets,the proportion of our respondents that say they are worried about what is real and what is fake on the internet overall is up 3pp from 56%to 59%.It is highest in some of the countries holding polls this year,i

160、ncluding South Africa(81%),the United States(72%),and the UK(70%).Taking a regional view,we find the highest levels of concern in Africa(75%)and lower levels in much of Northern and Western Europe(e.g.Norway 45%and Germany 42%).Previous research shows that these audience concerns about misinformatio

161、n are often driven less by news that is completely made up and more about seeing opinions and agendas that they may disagree with as well as journalism they regard as superficial and unsubstantiated.In this context it is perhaps not surprising that politics remains the topic that engenders the most

162、concern about fake or misleading content,along with health information and news about the wars in Ukraine and Gaza.Against this backdrop of widespread concern,we have,for the first time,asked users of specific online platforms,how easy or difficult they find it to distinguish between trustworthy and

163、 untrustworthy content.Given its increasing use for news and its much younger age profile it is worrying to find that more than a quarter of TikTok users(27%)say they struggle to detect trustworthy news,the highest score out of all the networks covered.A further quarter have no strong opinion and ar

164、ound four in ten(44%)say they find it easy.Fact-checkers and others have been paying much more attention to the network recently,with Newsguard reporting in 2022 that a fifth(20%)of a sample of searches on prominent news topics such as Ukraine and COVID vaccines contained misinformation.6 Most recen

165、tly it was at the centre of a flood of unfounded rumours and conspiracies about the Princess of Wales after her hospital operation.A significant proportion of X users(24%)also say that it is hard to pick out trustworthy news.This may be because news plays an outsized role on the platform,or because

166、of the wide range of views expressed,further encouraged by Elon Musk,a self-declared free speech advocate,since he took over the company.The numbers are only a bit lower in some of the largest networks such as Facebook,Instagram,YouTube,and WhatsApp,which have all been implicated in various misinfor

167、mation problems too.While there is widespread concern about different networks,it is also important to recognise that many people are confident about their ability to tell trustworthy and untrustworthy news and information apart.In fact,around half of respondents using each network say they find it

168、easy to do so,including many younger and less educated users even if these perceptions may or may not be based on reality.All of the major social and video platforms recognise these challenges,and have been boosting their technical and human defences,not least because of the potential for a flood of

169、 AI-generated synthetic content in this years elections.REUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM/EXECUTIVE SUMMARY GRAPHSGraph 14PROPORTION CONCERNED ABOUT WHAT IS REAL AND WHAT IS FAKE WHEN IT COMES TO NEWS ONLINEQ_FAKE_NEWS_1.Please indicate your level of agreement with the following statemen

170、t.Thinking about online news,I am concerned about what is real and what is fake on the internet.Base:Total sample in all markets=94,943,USA=2023,South Africa=2013,India=2016.All marketsUSASouth AfricaIndia72%81%58%59%+3pp+8pp+6pp+5ppREUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM/EXECUTIVE SUMMARY GRA

171、PHSGraph 15PROPORTION THAT SAY THEY HAVE SEEN FALSE OR MISLEADING INFORMATION ABOUT EACH TOPIC INTHE LAST WEEK ALL MARKETSQ_FAKE_NEWS_2021a.Have you seen false or misleading information about any of the following topics,in the last week?Please select all that apply.Base:Total sample in all markets=9

172、4,943.0%25%50%PoliticsCoronavirus(COVID-19)Economics,cost of livingIsrael-Palestine conf ictWar in UkraineImmigrationOther health issuesClimate change orthe environment3630282724232118+7pp+6ppNEW+6pp+7pp+6pp6 https:/ Institute for the Study of Journalism|Digital News Report 202417In exploring countr

173、y differences,we find that people in Western European countries such as Germany(see the next chart)are less confident about their ability to distinguish between trustworthy and untrustworthy information on X and TikTok than respondents in the United States.This may reflect very different official an

174、d media narratives about the balance between free speech and online harms.The EU has introduced legislation such as the Digital Services Act,imposing greater obligations on platforms in the run-up to Junes EU Parliament elections.7 X is currently being investigated over suspected breaches of content

175、 moderation rules.But even within the United States,which has lower concern generally,we find sharp differences based on political beliefs.Amid bitter debates over de-platforming,some voices on the left have been calling for more restrictions and many on the right insisting on even more free speech.

176、We see this political split clearly in the data,especially in terms of attitudes to X and to some extent YouTube.In our data,people on the left are much more suspicious of content they see in both networks,but other platforms are seen as mostly neutral in this regard.In no other market do we see the

177、 same level of polarisation around X,but the same broad left-right dynamics are at play,with the left more uncomfortable about the societal impact of harmful online content.REUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM/EXECUTIVE SUMMARY GRAPHSGraph 16PROPORTION THAT FIND IT DIFFICULT TO IDENTIFY TRU

178、STWORTHY NEWS ON EACH PLATFORM-ALL MARKETSDif cultNeither(incl.Dont know)EasyQ6_platform_trust.Still thinking about trust,how easy or dif cult is it for YOU to tell apart trustworthy versus untrustworthy news and information on each of the following platforms?Base:All that say they use each platform

179、,ranging from Google search=92,185 to LinkedIn=61,224.Note:Respondents in India and Hong Kong were not asked about TikTok.FacebookYouTubeWhatsAppLinkedInGoogle searchInstagramTikTokX(formerly Twitter)444151494151546024212018171713270%50%25%75%100%REUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM/EXECUTI

180、VE SUMMARY GRAPHSGraph 17PROPORTION THAT FIND IT DIFFICULT TO IDENTIFY TRUSTWORTHY NEWS ON TIKTOK AND X-USA,GERMANYQ6_platform_trust.Still thinking about trust,how easy or dif cult is it for YOU to tell apart trustworthy versus untrustworthy news and information on each of the following platforms?Ba

181、se:All those that say they use TikTok and X in USA=1204/1269,Germany=1105/1063.4441GermanyUSA2941263846284829TikTokTikTokX(formerly Twitter)X(formerly Twitter)Dif cultNeither(incl.Dont know)Easy0%50%25%75%100%REUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM/EXECUTIVE SUMMARY GRAPHSGraph 18PROPORTION TH

182、AT FIND IT DIFFICULT TO TELL APART TRUSTWORTHY AND UNTRUSTWORTHY NEWS AND INFORMATION BY POLITICS-USA,SPAINQ6_platform_trust.How easy or dif cult is it for YOU to tell apart trustworthy versus untrustworthy news and information on each of the following platforms?Base:Those on the.Lef /Centre/Right t

183、hat use each platform in USA X=309/583/276,YouTube=404/807/390,YouTube=404/807/390,Facebook=381/776/391,Google search=426/846/417,TikTok=293/545/237 Spain X=446/675/220,YouTube=542/840/275,Facebook=512/810/258,Google search=591/895/296,TikTok=437/669/220 SpainUSAFacebookYouTubeGoogle searchTikTokX(f

184、ormerly Twitter)0%10%20%30%40%RightCentreLefRightCentreLef0%10%20%30%40%RightCentreLefRightCentreLef0%10%20%30%40%RightCentreLefRightCentreLef0%10%20%30%40%RightCentreLefRightCentreLef0%10%20%30%40%RightCentreLefRightCentreLef36%29%21%23%26%25%20%17%33%28%18%26%14%22%23%22%20%17%34%27%7 https:/ Inst

185、itute for the Study of Journalism|Digital News Report 202418In some African markets,such as Kenya,we see a significant difference in concern over TikTok compared with other popular networks such as X or WhatsApp,the most used network for news.The app has been labelled a serious threat to the cultura

186、l and religious values of Kenya in a petition to parliament after being implicated in the sharing of adult content,misinformation,and hate speech.8 But one other reason for TikToks higher score may be because most content there is posted by people they dont know personally.WhatsApp posts tend to com

187、e from a close social circle,who are likely to be more trusted.Paradoxically,this could mean that information spread in WhatsApp carries more danger,because defences may be lower.Fears around AI and misinformationThe last year has seen an increased incidence of so-called deep fakes,generated by AI i

188、ncluding an audio recording falsely purporting to be Joe Biden asking supporters not to vote in a primary,a campaign video containing manipulated photos of Donald Trump,and artificially generated pictures of the war in the Middle East,posted by supporters of both the Palestinian and Israeli sides ai

189、med at winning sympathy for their cause.Our qualitative research suggests that,while most people do not think they have personally seen these kinds of synthetic images or videos,some younger,heavy users of social media now think they are coming across them regularly.I have seen many examples before,

190、and they can sometimes be very good.Thankfully,they are still pretty easy to detect but within five years they will be indistinguishable.Male,20,UKIn the US some of our participants felt widespread use of generative AI technologies was likely to make detecting misinformation more difficult,especiall

191、y around important subjects such as politics and elections;others worried about the lack of transparency and the potential for discrimination against minority groups.Having a conversation about news with an AI chatbot makes me wildly uncomfortable.Chatbots have become racist/homophobic/abusive throu

192、gh bad input before.Non-binary,24,USAAI-generated videos,pictures,and audio can easily misrepresent any person and is already being used to trick people globally.Male,25,USAOthers took a more balanced view,noting that these technologies could be used to provide more relevant and useful content,while

193、 also recognising the risks.It is easy,accessible and automated but people often abuse this type of technology.Female,18,MexicoJournalistic uses of artificial intelligenceNews organisations have reported extensively on the development and impact of AI on society,but they are also starting to adopt t

194、hese technologies themselves for two key reasons.Firstly,they hope that automating behind-the-scenes processes such as transcription,copy-editing,and layout will substantially reduce costs.Secondly,AI technologies could help to personalise the content itself making it more appealing for audiences.Th

195、ey need to do this without reducing audience trust,which many believe will become an increasingly critical asset in a world of abundant synthetic media.In the last year,we have seen media companies deploying a range of AI solutions,with varying degrees of human oversight.Nordic publishers,including

196、Schibsted,now include AI-generated bullet points at the top of many of their titles stories to increase engagement.One German publisher uses an AI robot named Klara Indernach to write more than 5%of its published stories,9 while others have deployed tools such as Midjourney or OpenAIs Dall-E for aut

197、omating graphic illustrations.Meanwhile,Digital News Report country pages from Indonesia,South Korea,Slovakia,Taiwan,and Mexico,amongst others,reference a range of experimental chatbots and avatars now presenting the news.Nat is one of three AI-generated news readers from Mexicos Radio Frmula,used t

198、o deliver breaking news and analysis through its website and across social media channels.10AI-generated(fake)pictures from the war have been widely circulated on social mediaAI-GENERATED VISUALAI-GENERATED VISUALREUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM/EXECUTIVE SUMMARY GRAPHSGraph 19PROPORTIO

199、N THAT FIND IT VERY OR SOMEWHAT DIFFICULT TO TELL APART TRUSTWORTHY AND UNTRUSTWORTHY NEWS AND INFORMATION ON TIKTOK AND WHATSAPPQ6_platform_trust.How easy or dif cult is it for YOU to tell apart trustworthy versus untrustworthy news and information on each of the following platforms?Base:All that u

200、se each TikTok=1930,WhatsApp=2032.4441KENYA35244760TikTokWhatsAppDiffi cultNeither(incl.Dont know)Easy0%50%25%75%100%8 https:/ https:/wan-ifra.org/2023/11/ai-and-robot-writer-klara-key-todumonts-kolner-stadt-anzeiger-mediens-tech-future-as-it-switches-off-its-presses/10 https:/www.d- of Radio Frmula

201、s AI-generated news readers Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism|Digital News Report 202419Elsewhere we find content farms increasingly using AI to rewrite news,often without permission and with no human checks in the loop.Industry concerns about copyright and about potential mistakes(some

202、of which could be caused by so-called hallucinations)are well documented,but we know less about how audiences feel about these issues and the implications for trust overall.Across 28 countries where we included questions,we find our survey respondents to be mostly uncomfortable with the use of AI in

203、 situations where content is created mostly by the AI with some human oversight.By contrast,there is less discomfort when AI is used to assist(human)journalists,for example in transcribing interviews or summarising materials for research.Here respondents are broadly more comfortable than uncomfortab

204、le.Our findings,which also show that respondents in the US are significantly more comfortable about different uses of AI than those living in Europe,may be linked to the cues people are getting from the media.British press coverage of AI,for example,has been characterised as overly negative and sens

205、ationalist,11 and UK scores for comfort with less closely monitored use of AI are the lowest in our survey(10%).By contrast,the leading role of US companies and the opportunities for jobs and growth play a bigger part in US media narratives.Across countries,comfort levels are higher with younger gro

206、ups who are some of the heaviest users of AI tools such as ChatGPT.Our research also indicates that people who tend to trust the news in general are also more likely to be comfortable with uses of AI where humans(journalists)remain in control,compared with those that dont.We find comfort gaps rangin

207、g from 24 percentage points in the US to 10 percentage points in Mexico.Our qualitative research on AI suggests that trust will be a key issue going forward,with many participants feeling that traditional media have much to lose.If any news organisation was caught using fake images or videos in any

208、way it should be held accountable and Id lose trust with them,even if they were being transparent that the content was created with AI.Female,33,USA Comfort with AI is also closely related to the importance and seriousness of the subject being discussed.People say they feel less comfortable with AI-

209、generated news on topics such as politics and crime,and more comfortable with sports,arts,or entertainment news,subjects where mistakes tend to have less serious consequences and where there is potentially more value in personalisation of the content.Chatbots really shouldnt be used for more importa

210、nt news like war or politics as the potential misinformation could be the reason someone votes for a candidate over another one.Male,20,UKWhile participants were generally more concerned for some topics rather than others,there were some important nuances.For example,some could see the value in usin

211、g AI to automate local election stories to provide a quicker comprehensive service,as these tended to be fact-based and didnt involve the AI making political judgements.Finally,we find that comfort levels about the different uses of AI tend to be higher with people who have read or heard more about

212、it,even if many remain cautious.This suggests that,as people use the technology and find it personally useful,they may take a more balanced view of the risks and the benefits going forward.Overall,we are still at the early stages of journalists usage of AI,but this also makes it a time of maximum ri

213、sk for news organisations.Our data suggest that audiences are still deeply ambivalent about the use of the technology,which means that publishers need to be extremely cautious about where and how they deploy it.Wider concerns about a flood of synthetic content in online platforms means that trusted

214、brands that use the technologies responsibly could be rewarded,but get things wrong and that trust could be easily lost.For further analysis see Section 2.2:Public Attitudes Towards the Use of AI in JournalismREUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM/EXECUTIVE SUMMARY GRAPHSGraph 22PROPORTION TH

215、AT SAY THEY ARE VERY OR SOMEWHAT COMFORTABLE WITH NEWS BEING PRODUCED IN THE FOLLOWING WAYS-USA,EUROPENeither/norComfortableUncomfortableDont knowQ2_AIComfortlevel_2024_1.In general,how comfortable or uncomfortable are you with using news produced in each of the following ways?Base:Total sample in E

216、urope=34,351,USA=2023.Note:Question not asked in Bulgaria,Croatia,Greece,Hungary,Romania,Slovakia,and Turkey.Mostly AI with some human oversightUSAEurope2315182775247Mainly human with some help from AI USAEurope4233223010302670%50%25%75%100%11REUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM/EXECUTIVE S

217、UMMARY GRAPHSGraph 23Q3_AIComfortlevel_2024_1/2.In general,how comfortable or uncomfortable are you with using NEWS about each of the following topics produced mostly by artif cial intelligence with some human oversight?Base:Total sample across 28 markets=56,534.Note:Question not asked in Africa,Bul

218、garia,Chile,Colombia,Croatia,Greece,Hungary,Indonesia,Malaysia,Peru,Romania,Singapore,Slovakia,Taiwan,Thailand,and Turkey.0%20%40%60%80%100%4637332943352927PoliticsCrimeLocal newsBusinessScience and technologyArts/cultureCelebrity/entertainmentSportsPROPORTION THAT ARE UNCOMFORTABLE WITH USING NEWS

219、ON THE FOLLOWING TOPICS PRODUCED MOSTLY BY AIMore concern about hard news subjectsLess concernabout sof news subjects11 https:/ Institute for the Study of Journalism|Digital News Report 202420GATEWAYS TO NEWS AND THE IMPORTANCE OF SEARCH AND AGGREGATOR PORTALSPublishers are not just concerned about

220、falling referrals from social media but also about what might happen with search and other aggregators if chatbot interfaces take off.Google and Microsoft are both experimenting with integrating more direct answers to news queries generated by AI and a range of existing and new mobile apps are also

221、looking to create new experiences that provide answers without requiring a click-through to a publisher.It is important to note that across all markets,search and aggregators,taken together(33%),are a more important gateway to news than social media(29%)and direct access(22%).A large proportion of m

222、obile alerts(9%)are also generated by aggregators and portals,adding to the concerns about what might happen next.Unlike social media,search is seen as important across all age groups 25%of under 35s also prefer to start news journeys with search and because people are often actively looking for inf

223、ormation,the resulting news journey tends to be more valuable for publishers than social fly-by traffic.Looking at preferred gateways over time we find that search has been remarkably consistent while direct traffic has become less important and social has grown consistently(until this year).Beneath

224、 the averages however,we do see significant differences across countries.Portals,which often incorporate search engines and mobile apps,are particularly important in parts of Asia.In Japan,Yahoo!News and Line News remain dominant,while local tech giants Naver and Daum are the key access points in So

225、uth Korea developing their own AI solutions.In the Czech Republic,Seznam has been an important local search engine,now supplemented with its own news service and also an innovator in AI.Social and video networks tend to be more important in other parts of Asia,as well as Africa and Latin America,but

226、 direct traffic still rules in a few parts of Northern Europe where intermediaries have historically played a smaller role.Publishers without regular direct access will be more vulnerable to platform changes and will inevitably find it harder to build subscription businesses.Even in countries with r

227、elatively strong brands such as the UK,we find significant generational differences when it comes to gateways.Older people are more likely to maintain direct connections,but in the last few years,especially since the COVID-19 pandemic,we have seen both 1824s and now 2535s becoming less likely go dir

228、ectly to a website or app.Across markets we see the same trends with the gap between generations just as significant as country-based differences,if not more.REUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM/EXECUTIVE SUMMARY GRAPHSGraph 24229252958PROPORTION THAT SAY EACH IS THEIR MAIN GATEWAY TO ONLIN

229、E NEWS-ALL MARKETSQ10a.Which of these was the main way in which you came across news in the last week?Base:All who used online news in the last week in all markets=86,966.30%20%10%0%DirectSearchAggregatorsMobile alertsEmailSocial mediaMore important for younger usersEqually important for all age gro

230、upsSearch+aggregators 33%REUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM/EXECUTIVE SUMMARY GRAPHSGraph 26Mostly directThailand 7%59%26%Kenya 16%48%21%Philippines 12%47%28%Chile 12%45%26%Finland 63%11%18%Norway 59%10%23%Denmark 53%19%15%Sweden 51%12%21%Japan 9%8%70%South Korea 6%17%67%Taiwan 11%26%48%C

231、zech Republic 25%15%50%PROPORTION THAT SAY EACH IS THEIR MAIN GATEWAY TO NEWS BY COUNTRYQ10a.Which of these was the main way in which you came across news in the last week?Base:All who used online news in the last week in each market 2000.DirectSocialSearch+AggregatorsMostly socialDirectSocialSearch

232、+AggregatorsDeeply aggregatedDirectSocialSearch+AggregatorsREUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM/EXECUTIVE SUMMARY GRAPHSGraph 25PROPORTION THAT SAY EACH IS THEIR MAIN GATEWAY TO ONLINE NEWS(20182024)-ALL MARKETSQ10a.Which of these was the main way in which you came across news in the last w

233、eek?Base:All who used online news in the last week in each market-year 2000.Note:Number of markets grew from 36 in 2018 to 47 in 2024.Markets listed in online methodology.0%10%20%30%40%2024202320222021202020192018Direct access to websites appsSearchSocial media accessAggregators32%29%24%25%23%22%6%8

234、%Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism|Digital News Report 202421It is also worth noting the increasing success of mobile aggregators in some countries,many of which are increasingly powered by AI.In the United States,News Break(9%),which was founded by a Chinese tech veteran,has been growin

235、g fast with a similar market share to market leader Apple News(11%).In Asian markets,multiple aggregator apps and portals play important gateway and consumption roles,with AI features typically driving ever greater levels of personalisation.Mobile aggregators tend to be more popular with younger new

236、s consumers and are becoming a bigger part of the picture overall,partly fuelled by notifications on relevant topics.In terms of search,there is little evidence that search traffic is drying up and it is certainly not a given that consumers will rush to adopt chatbot interfaces.Even so,publishers ex

237、pect traffic from search and other gateways to be more unpredictable in the future and will be exploring alternatives with some urgency.THE BUSINESS OF NEWS:SUBSCRIPTIONS STALLING?A difficult advertising market,combined with rising costs and the decline in traffic from social media,has put more pres

238、sure on the bottom line,especially for publishers that have relied on platform distribution.These factors,together with news about US-based layoffs at the Los Angeles Times,Washington Post,NBC,Business Insider,Wall Street Journal,Cond Nast,and Sports Illustrated,recently led the New Yorker to publis

239、h an article titled:Is the Media Prepared for an Extinction-Level Event?.The article argued that certain kinds of public interest journalism were now uneconomic and a new,more audience-focused approach was needed.In this context,and with similar pressures all over the world,we are seeing news media

240、looking to introduce or strengthen reader payment models such as subscription,membership,and donation.Paid models have been a rare bright spot in some of the richer countries in our survey,where publishers still have strong direct connections with readers,but have been difficult to make work elsewhe

241、re.As in previous years,our survey shows a significant proportion paying for online news in Norway(40%)and Sweden(31%)and over a fifth in the United States(22%)and Australia(21%),but much lower numbers in Germany(13%),France(11%),Japan(9%),and the UK(8%).There has been very little movement in these

242、top line numbers in the last year.Q7a.Have you paid for online news content,or accessed a paid-for online news service in the last year?(This could be a digital subscription,combined digital/print subscription,or one-off payment for an article or app or e-edition).Base:Total sample in each country 2

243、000.PROPORTION THAT PAID FOR ANY ONLINE NEWS IN THE LAST YEAR-SELECTED COUNTRIES Via subscription/membership/donation or one-off payment2%30%22%USA8%UK13%Germany27%Average in Nordic countries21%AustraliaNorway 40%Sweden 31%Finland 20%Denmark 17%REUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM/EXECUTIVE

244、 SUMMARY GRAPHSGraph 28PROPORTION THAT USED EACH NEWS AGGREGATOR IN THE LAST WEEK-SELECTED MARKETSQ10c.When using the internet for news,have you used any of the following sites or mobile apps that aggregate diff erent news links in the last week?Base:Total sample in each market 2000.South KoreaNaver

245、 News62%JapanYahoo News51%Smart News20%Line Today33%IndiaTaiwanDaily Hunt(English)20%MalaysiaOhbulan!22%REUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM/EXECUTIVE SUMMARY GRAPHSGraph 27PROPORTION THAT ACCESS ONLINE NEWS BY GOING DIRECT TO A NEWS WEBSITE OR APP IN THE LAST WEEK BY AGE GROUP(20152024)-UK

246、Q10.Thinking about how you got news online(via computer,mobile,or any device)in the last week,which were the ways in which you came across news stories?Base:1824/2534/35+in each year 200/300/1500.1824253435+53%52%25%51%34%Coronavirus0%25%50%75%35+25-3418-24 20242023202220212020201920182017201620159%

247、weekly reachApp uses AI to serve personalised local and national newsReuters Institute for the Study of Journalism|Digital News Report 202422Across 20 countries,where a significant number of publishers are pushing digital subscriptions,payment levels have almost doubled since 2014 from 10%to 17%,but

248、 following a significant bump during the COVID pandemic,growth has slowed.Publishers have already signed up many of those prepared to pay,and converted some of the more intermittent payers to ongoing subscriptions or donations.But amid a cost-of-living crisis,it is proving difficult to persuade most

249、 of the public to do the same.In most countries,we continue to see a winner takes most market,with a few upmarket national titles scooping up a big proportion of users.In the United States,for example,the New York Times recently announced that it has over 10m subscribers(including 9.9m digital only)

250、while the Washington Posts numbers have reportedly declined.Having said that,we do find a growing minority of countries where people are paying,on average,for more than one publication,including in the United States,Switzerland,Poland,and France(see table to the right).This may be because some publi

251、shers in these markets are bundling together titles in an all-access subscription(e.g.New York Times,Schibsted,Amedia,Bonnier,Mediahuis).As one example,Amedias+Alt product,which offers 100 newspapers,magazines,and podcasts,now accounts for 10%of Norwegian subscriptions,up 6 percentage points this ye

252、ar.In Nordic countries,it is worth noting the high proportion of local titles being paid for online.In Canada,Ireland,and Switzerland,a significant proportion of subscriptions are going to foreign publishers.HEAVY DISCOUNTING PERSISTS IN MOST BUT NOT ALL MARKETSThis year we have looked at the price

253、being paid for main news subscriptions in around 20 countries and compared this with the price that the main publications are charging for news.The results show that in the US and UK a large number of people are paying a very small amount(often just a few pounds or dollars),with many likely to be on

254、 low-price trials,as we found in last years qualitative research.12 In the next chart we find that well over half of those in the US who are paying for digital news report paying less than the median cost of a main subscription($16),often much less.By contrast,in Norway,we see a different pattern wi

255、th fewer people paying a very small amount and a larger number grouped around the median price,which in any case is much higher than in the US(the equivalent of$25).12 https:/reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/paying-news-price-conscious-consumers-look-value-amid-cost-living-crisisBonnier is bundlin

256、g subscriptions in SwedenREUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM/EXECUTIVE SUMMARY GRAPHSGraph 30PROPORTION THAT MADE EACH TYPE OF PAYMENT FOR ONLINE NEWS IN THE LAST YEAR(20142024)-AVERAGE OF SELECTED COUNTRIESQ7a.Have you paid for online news content,or accessed a paid-for online news servic

257、e,in the last year?Base:Total sample in each country-year in Australia(2015-24),Austria(2015-24),Belgium(2016-24),Canada(2016-24),Denmark,Germany,Finland(2015-24),France,Ireland(2015-24),Italy,Japan,Netherlands(2015-24),Norway(2016-24),Poland(2015-24),Portugal(2015-24),Spain,Sweden(2016-24),Switzerl

258、and(2016-24),UK,USA 2000.Any paymentOngoing subscriptions(digital or print/digital)Donation/contribution10%5%17%1%2%13%20242023202120222020201920182017201620152014 Donation/contributionOngoing subscriptions(digital or print/digital)Any payment202420232021202220202019201820172016201520140%10%5%20%30%

259、15%25%Pivot to paid contentMore/tighter paywallsCoronavirus bumpsLevelling of,some increase,some decline1.2.3.4.CountryTop national titles%payingMediannumber of subscriptions%subscribeto localtitles%subscribeto foreigntitlesNorway VG,Aft enposten,Dagbladet401453Sweden Aft onbladet,Dagens Nyheter,Sve

260、nska Dagbladet,Expressen311437USA New York Times,Washington Post,Wall Street Journal2222026Australia The Australian,Guardian Australia,The Age,SMH,Herald Sun2114015Finland Helsingin Sanomat,Iltalehti Plus201383Denmark Berlingske,Jyllands-Posten,Ekstrabladet,Politiken171234Switzerland Tages-Anzeiger,

261、NZZ1725021Ireland Irish Times,Irish Independent,Guardian,Irish Examiner171437Belgium Het Laatste Nieuws,Le Soir,Het Nieuwsblad151119Netherlands AD,de Volkskrant,De Telegraaf,NRC151448Canada New York Times,Toronto Star,Globe and Mail1511043Austria Krone Pur,Kleine Zeitung,Der Standard1411511Poland Ga

262、zeta Wyborcza,Newsweek Polska,Fakt142332Germany Bild,Die Welt,Handelsblatt,Die Zeit131279Spain El Pas,El Mundo,La Vanguardia,El Espaol,El Peridico12189Portugal Expresso,Pblico,Correio da Manh12146France Le Monde,Le Figaro,Mediapart1121913Italy Corriere della Sera,La Repubblica10194Japan Nikkei,Asahi

263、911710UK Telegraph,Guardian,Times 81816Q7a.Have you paid for online news content,or accessed a paid-for online news service in the last year?Base:Total sample in each country 2000.Q7_SUBS_name.You said you have paid a subscription/membership to a digital news service in the last year Which of the fo

264、llowing did you subscribe to?Please select all that apply.Base:Ongoing digital news subscribers,ranging from Norway=463 to UK=131.PROFILE OF ONGOING DIGITAL NEWS SUBSCRIPTIONS-SELECTED COUNTRIESReuters Institute for the Study of Journalism|Digital News Report 202423The reasons for these differences

265、become clearer when we compare the proportion that are paying the full sticker price for each brand.This allows us to estimate the proportion of subscribers in each country that are paying full price and the proportion that may be on a trial or other special deal.Using this methodology,we find signi

266、ficant differences between countries,with more than three-quarters(78%)in Poland paying less than full price,four in ten(46%)in the United States,but fewer in Norway(38%),Denmark(25%),and France(21%).It is not only the case that more people pay for digital news in the Nordic countries.It is also the

267、 case that fewer of them are paying a heavily discounted rate,and in Norway the median price is much higher than in other rich countries such as France,the UK,and the US.For further analysis see Section 2.4:How Much do People Pay for Online News?And What Might Encourage More People to Pay?We also as

268、ked those not currently paying,what might be a fair price,if anything?Across markets just 2%of non-payers say they would pay the equivalent of an average full price subscription,with 55%saying they wouldnt be prepared to pay anything.That last number is a bit lower in Norway(45%)but considerably hig

269、her in the UK(69%)and Germany(68%).In a few markets in the Global South,such as Brazil,we do find more willingness to pay something,but it rarely amounts to more than the equivalent of a few US dollars.Not every publisher can expect to make reader revenue work,in large part because much of the publi

270、c basically does not believe news is worth paying for,and continues to have access to plenty of free options from both commercial,non-profit,and,in some countries,public service providers.But for others,building digital subscriptions based on distinctive content is the main hope for a sustainable fu

271、ture.Discounting is an important part of persuading new customers to sample the product but publishers will hope that over time,once the habit is created,they can increase prices.It is likely to be a long and difficult road with few winners and many casualties along the way.TRUST LEVELS STABLE HAVE

272、WE REACHED THE BOTTOM?There is little evidence that upcoming elections or the increased prevalence of generative AI has so far had any material impact on trust in the news.Across markets,around four in ten(40%)say they trust most news most of the time,the same score as last year.Finland remains the

273、country with the highest levels of trust(69%),Greece and Hungary(23%)have the lowest levels.Morocco,which was included in the survey for the first time,has a relatively low trust rating(31%),compared with countries elsewhere in Africa,a reflection perhaps of the fact that media control is largely in

274、 the hands of political and business elites.REUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM/EXECUTIVE SUMMARY GRAPHSGraph 33PROPORTION OF ONGOING DIGITAL NEWS SUBSCRIBERS THAT PAY EACH AMOUNT FOR THEIR MAIN SUBSCRIPTION-USAQ1a_Pay_2024.You said that you pay for an online news subscription.How much doe

275、s your MAIN online news subscription cost you per month?Base:Ongoing digital subscribers in USA=480.25%15%20%10%5%0%$1 or less$1115 month$25 month$1620 month$610 month$2125 month$2630 month$31+monthDont know72020135101077$16 median full-price monthly subscription cost across US brands.Proportion who

276、 pay an amount within each price bracketREUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM/EXECUTIVE SUMMARY GRAPHSGraph 34PROPORTION OF ONGOING DIGITAL NEWS SUBSCRIBERS THAT PAY EACH AMOUNT FOR THEIR MAIN SUBSCRIPTION-NORWAYQ1a_Pay_2024.You said that you pay for an online news subscription.How much does

277、 your MAIN online news subscription cost you per month?Base:Ongoing digital subscribers in Norway=834.25%15%20%10%5%0%10 NOK or less1150 NOK month51100 NOKmont101200 NOKmonth201300 NOK month301400 NOK month401500 NOK month501+NOK monthDont know8881218520203NOK 279($25)median full-price monthly subsc

278、ription cost across Norwegian brands.Proportion who pay an amount within each price bracketREUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM/EXECUTIVE SUMMARY GRAPHSGraph 35HOW MUCH DO PEOPLE PAY FOR THEIR MAIN ONGOING DIGITAL SUBSCRIPTION?-SELECTED COUNTRIESQ7_SUBS_name.You said you have paid a subscri

279、ption/membership to a digital news service in the last year Which of the following did you subscribe to?Please select all that apply.Q1a_Pay_2024.You said that you pay for an online news subscription.How much does your main online news subscription cost you per month?Base:Ongoing digital news subscr

280、ibers,ranging from Norway=463 to UK=131.Note:Figures refl ect what people say they pay for their online news subscription compared to the full asking price for that subscription.E.g.If a person says they are paying 10/pm for their subscription,but the full advertised price is actually 15/pm,they are

281、 considered as paying less than the full price.Prices accurate as of March/April 2024.Median monthly price across news brands refl ects the median price of standard online news subscriptions(non-trial,non-discount)across all major news subscription providers in the country.The median price balances

282、between high-cost premium titles and lower cost freemium off ers,which can skew averages.CountryProportion paying less than full price for their subscriptionMedian cross-brand monthly priceMedian price$USDPolandUSAUKNorwayDenmarkFrance36.5z$16 USD11.50279 NOKDKK 99 12$9$16$14.50$25.50$14$1378%46%41%

283、38%25%21%Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism|Digital News Report 202424Low trust scores in some other countries such as the US(32%),Argentina(30%),and France(31%)can be partly linked to high levels of polarisation and divisive debates over politics and culture.As always,it is important to

284、underline that our data are based on peoples perceptions of how trustworthy the media,or individual news brands,are.These scores are aggregates of subjective opinions,not an objective measure of underlying trustworthiness,and as our previous work has shown,any year-on-year changes are often at least

285、 as much about political and social factors as narrowly about the news itself.13This year,we have also been exploring the key factors driving trust or lack of trust in the news media.We find high standards,a transparent approach,lack of bias,and fairness in terms of media representation are the four

286、 primary factors that influence trust.The top responses are strongly linked and are consistent across countries,ages,and political viewpoints.An overly negative or critical approach,which is much discussed by politicians when critiquing the media,is seen as the least important reason in our list,sug

287、gesting that audiences still expect journalists to ask the difficult questions.These results may give a clear steer to media companies on how to build greater trust.Most of the public want news to be accurate,fair,avoid sensationalism,be open about any agendas and biases including lack of diversity,

288、own up to mistakes and not pull punches when investigating the rich and powerful.People do not necessarily agree on what this looks like in practice,or which individual brands deliver on it.But what they hope news will offer is remarkably similar across many different groups.For further analysis see

289、 Section 2.1:Public Perspectives on Trust in News Audience interest in transparency and openness seems to chime with some of the ideas behind recent industry initiatives,such as the Trust Project,a non-profit initiative that encourages publishers to reveal more of their workings using so-called trus

290、t indicators,the Journalism Trust Initiative orchestrated by Reporters without Borders,and others.Some large news organisations,such as the BBC,have gone further,creating units or sub-brands that answer audience questions or aim to explain how the news is checked.BBC Verify,launched in May 2023 aims

291、 to show and share work behind the scenes to check and verify information,especially images and video content in an era where misinformation has been growing.People want to know not just what we know(and dont know),but how we know it,says BBC News CEO Deborah Turness.Leaving aside the risk that jour

292、nalists and members of the public often mean different things when talking about transparency,with the former focusing on REUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM/EXECUTIVE SUMMARY GRAPHSGraph 36LowestLowestHighest+3pp-3pp-3pp-3pp-5pp-3pp-3pp-4pp-3pp+4pp+3pp+5pp+3pp+3pp+16ppPROPORTION THAT TRUS

293、T MOST NEWS MOST OF THE TIME-ALL MARKETSQ6_2016_1.Thinking about news in general,do you agree or disagree with the following statements?I think you can trust most news most of the time.Base:Total sample in each market 2000.0%25%50%75%100%USACanadaNorth America3932KenyaNigeriaSouth AfricaMoroccoAfric

294、a6461ThailandIndiaHong KongPhilippinesIndonesiaTaiwanSouth KoreaMalaysiaSingaporeAustraliaJapanAsia-Pacif c55545647314341403737353331PeruColombiaMexicoBrazilChileArgentinaLatin America433535343230RomaniaBulgariaHungarySlovakiaPolandCzech RepublicEasternEurope393129272523TurkeyGreeceCroatiaPortugalSp

295、ainItalySouthernEurope3534333223NetherlandsSwitzerlandBelgiumAustriaGermanyFranceWesternEurope544443413531IrelandNorthernEuropeNorwaySwedenFinlandDenmarkUK69575550463657+4ppREUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM/EXECUTIVE SUMMARY GRAPHSGraph 37PROPORTION THAT SAY EACH IS VERY OR SOMEWHAT IMPO

296、RTANT WHEN DECIDING WHAT NEWS OUTLETS TO TRUST-ALL MARKETS TRUST_REASON_2024.Still thinking about trust in news.how important or unimportant are the following to you when it comes to deciding which news outlets to trust?Base:Total sample in all markets=94,943.0%20%40%60%80%7269565261655546Transparen

297、t and openHigh journalistic standardsRepresent people like me fairlyPerceptions of bias/lack of biasSimilar values to meExaggeration/sensationalismLevel of negativityLong history/track recordOpeness,accuracy,fairness,lack of bias are key factors13 https:/reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/trust-news

298、-projectReuters Institute for the Study of Journalism|Digital News Report 20242514 https:/ LOSS,NEWS AVOIDANCE,AND NEWS FATIGUEFor several years we have pointed to a number of measures that suggest growing ambivalence about the news,despite or perhaps because of the uncertain and chaotic times in wh

299、ich we live.Interest in news continues to fall in some markets,but has stabilised or increased in others,especially those like Argentina and the United States that are going through or have recently held elections.The long-term trend,however,is down in every country apart from Finland,with high inte

300、rest halving in some countries over the last decade(UK 70%in 2015;38%in 2024).Women and young people make up a significant proportion of that decline.reporting practices,the latter often on their suspicion that ulterior commercial and/or political motives are at play,our data suggest that these init

301、iatives may not work for all audiences.Transparency is considered most important amongst those who already trust the news(84%),but much less for those are generally distrustful(68%)where there is a risk that it hardens the position of those already suspicious of a brand,if they feel that verificatio

302、n will not be equally applied to both sides of an argument.14 Those that are less interested in the news are also less likely to feel that being transparent about how the news is made is important.REUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM/EXECUTIVE SUMMARY GRAPHSGraph 39PROPORTION THAT SAY TRANS

303、PARENCY IS VERY OR SOMEWHAT IMPORTANT WHEN DECIDING WHAT NEWS OUTLETS TO TRUST BY TRUST LEVEL,INTEREST IN NEWS,AND EDUCATION-ALL MARKETSTRUST_REASON_2024.Still thinking about trust in news.how important or unimportant are the following to you when it comes to deciding which news outlets to trust?Whe

304、ther they are transparent about how the news is made.Base:All that trust/distrust news=38,459/26,671,interested/less or not interested in news=44,627/13,024,high/medium/low education=35,546/41,631/17,766.TrustLess/not interestedDistrustInterestedHighMediumLow80818460725668By trust levelBy interest i

305、n newsBy education100%75%50%25%0%14 https:/ INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM/EXECUTIVE SUMMARY GRAPHSGraph 4020242022202020182016202420242024202420242024202420172024202420242015201520152016201520152015201520150%25%50%75%100%100%0%25%50%75%100%0%25%50%75%100%0%25%50%75%100%0%25%50%75%100%2024202

306、2202020182016202420242024202420242024202420172024202420242015201520152016201520152015201520150%25%50%75%100%100%0%25%50%75%100%0%25%50%75%100%0%25%50%75%100%0%25%50%75%100%202420242024202420172024202420242015201520152016201520152015201520150%25%50%75%100%100%0%25%50%75%100%0%25%50%75%100%0%25%50%75%

307、100%0%25%50%75%100%2024202220202018201620242024202420242024202420242017202420242024201520242022202020182016202420242024202420242024202420172024202420242015201520152016201520152015201520150%25%50%75%100%100%0%25%50%75%100%0%25%50%75%100%0%25%50%75%100%0%25%50%75%100%2024202420172024202420242015201520

308、152016201520152015201520150%25%50%75%100%100%0%25%50%75%100%0%25%50%75%100%0%25%50%75%100%0%25%50%75%100%202420242024202420242024202420172024202420242015201520152016201520152015201520150%25%50%75%100%100%0%25%50%75%100%0%25%50%75%100%0%25%50%75%100%0%25%50%75%100%202420242024201720242024202420152015

309、20152016201520152015201520150%25%50%75%100%100%0%25%50%75%100%0%25%50%75%100%0%25%50%75%100%0%25%50%75%100%2024202420242024202420172024202420242015201520152016201520152015201520150%25%50%75%100%100%0%25%50%75%100%0%25%50%75%100%0%25%50%75%100%0%25%50%75%100%202420222020201820162024202420242024202420

310、24202420172024202420242015201520152016201520152015201520150%25%50%75%100%100%0%25%50%75%100%0%25%50%75%100%0%25%50%75%100%0%25%50%75%100%Selected countries withsmaller falls/stable interestSelected countries with largest falls in the past decadePROPORTION EXTREMELY OR VERY INTERESTED IN NEWS(2015202

311、4)Q1c.How interested,if at all,would you say you are in news?Total sample in each country-year 2000.Note:Sample in Finland in 2015=1509.Argentina77%45%-32pp85%52%-33ppSpainGermany74%55%-19ppAustria64%48%-16ppSouth Korea41%-2pp67%52%-15ppUSAUK70%-32ppNetherlands57%49%-8ppFinland64%+1pp202420222020201

312、82016202420242024202420242024202420172024202420242015201520152016201520152015201520150%25%50%75%100%100%0%25%50%75%100%0%25%50%75%100%0%25%50%75%100%0%25%50%75%100%65%59%36%France-23pp39%38%BBC Verify launched May 2023Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism|Digital News Report 202426Since we s

313、tarted tracking these issues,usage of smartphones has increased,as has the number of notifications sent from apps of all kinds,perhaps contributing to the sense that the news has become hard to escape.Platforms that require volume of content to feed their algorithms are potentially another factor dr

314、iving these increases.It was notable that in our industry survey,at the start of 2024,most publishers said they were planning to produce more videos,more podcasts,and more newsletters this year.15The sheer volume of information is overwhelming.We can be left feeling helpless in the face of another r

315、emote disaster,leaving you feeling guilty and impotent.Male,71,UKTheres too much news nowadays some are fake and some are real,but I get confused and get a headache.Male,27,USAWhile news interest may have stabilised a bit this year,the proportion that say they selectively avoid the news(sometimes or

316、 often)is up by 3pp this year to 39%a full 10pp higher than it was in 2017.Notable country-based rises this year include Ireland(+10pp),Spain(+8pp),Italy(+7pp),Germany(+5pp),Finland(+5pp),the United States(+5pp),and Denmark(+4pp).The underlying reasons for this have not changed.Selective news avoide

317、rs say the news media are often repetitive and boring.Some tell us that the negative nature of the news itself makes them feel anxious and powerless.But it is not just that the news can be depressing,it is also relentless.Across markets,the same proportion,around four in ten(39%)say they feel worn o

318、ut by the amount of news these days,up from 28%in 2019,frequently mentioning the way that coverage of wars,disasters,and politics was squeezing out other things.The increase has been greater in Spain(+18),Denmark(+16pp),Brazil(+16pp),Germany(+15pp),South Africa(+12pp),France(+9pp),and the United Kin

319、gdom(+8pp),but a little less in the United States(+3pp)where news fatigue was a bigger factor five years ago.There are no significant differences by age or education,though women(43%)are much more likely to complain about news overload than men(34%).15 https:/reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/journ

320、alism-media-and-technology-trends-and-predictions-2024REUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM/EXECUTIVE SUMMARY GRAPHSGraph 42PROPORTION THAT SAY THEY FEEL WORN OUT BY THE AMOUNT OF NEWS(2019 and 2024)-SELECTED COUNTRIES Q1e_2019.Please indicate your level of agreement with the following state

321、ment.I am worn out by the amount of news there is these days.Base:Total sample in each country-year 2000.GermanySouth AfricaCanadaUSABrazil0%10%20%30%50%40%SpainFranceUKJapanDenmark21203620383040284340412846374630+16pp4426+18pp4126+15pp+16pp20242019REUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM/EXECU

322、TIVE SUMMARY GRAPHSGraph 41Q1di_2017.Do you fi nd yourself actively trying to avoid news these days?Base:Total sample in each country-year 2000.Note:Number of markets grew from 36 in 2017 to 47 in 2024.Markets listed in online methodology.World news is far too depressing at the moment with most news

323、 channels reporting on the same things.Female,45,UKSELECTED NEWS AVOIDANCE AT HIGHEST LEVELS RECORDED-ALL MARKETS39%say they oft enor sometimesavoid the newsthese days.up from 29%in 2017Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism|Digital News Report 202427USER NEEDS AND INFORMATION GAPSIndustry le

324、aders recognise the twin challenges of news fatigue and news avoidance,especially around long-running stories such as the wars in Ukraine and Gaza.At the same time,disillusion with politics in general may be contributing to declining interest,especially with younger news consumers,as previous report

325、s have shown.Editors are looking for new ways to cover these important stories,by making the news more accessible and engaging as well as broadening the news agenda but without dumbing down.One way in which publishers have been trying to square this circle has been through a user needs model,where s

326、tories that update people about the latest news are supplemented by commissioning more that educate,inspire,provide perspective,connect,or entertain.Originally based on audience research at the BBC,the model has been implemented by a number of news organisations around the world.In our survey this y

327、ear,we asked about eight different needs included in User Needs 2.0,which are nested in four basic needs of knowledge,understanding,feeling,and doing.16 Our findings show that the three most important user needs globally are staying up to date(update me),learning more(educate me),and gaining varied

328、perspectives(give me perspective).This is pretty consistent across different demographic groups,although the young are a bit more interested in stories that inspire,connect,and entertain when compared with older groups.In the United States,for example,over half(52%)of under 35s think having stories

329、that make them feel better about the world is very or extremely important,compared with around four in ten(43%)of over 35s.We also asked about how good the media were perceived to be at satisfying each user need.By combining these data with the data on importance,we can create what we call a User Ne

330、eds Priority Index.This is a form of gap analysis,whereby we take the percentage point gap between the proportion that think a particular need is important and the proportion that think the news media do a good job of providing it and multiply this by the overall importance(as a decimal)to identify

331、the most important gaps.Audiences say,for example,that updating is the most important need,but also think that the media do a good job in this area already.By contrast,there is a much bigger gap in providing different perspectives(e.g.more context,wider set of views)and also around news that makes m

332、e feel better about the world(offers more hope and optimism).News organisations may draw different conclusions from these data,depending on their own mission and target audience,but taken as a whole,it is clear news consumers would prefer to dial down the constant updating of news,while dialling up

333、context and wider perspectives that help people better understand the world around them.Most people dont want the news to be made more entertaining,but they do want more stories that provide more personal utility,help them connect with others,and give people a sense of hope.For further analysis see Section 2.3:More than Just the Facts:How News Audiences Think about User NeedsQ1_Needs_2024.Thinking