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1、EUROPEANE-COMMERCEREPORT 2023Executed by:LIGHT VERSIONEcommerce Europe,representing the European digital commerce sector,would like to thank the Centre for Market Insights of the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences for their valuable work in creating this report.Europe continues to be affected

2、by Russias aggression against Ukraine,which has brought about high inflation rates,surging energy prices and general geopolitical instability.All of these not only impact the purchasing power of consumers but also disrupt markets and global supply chains.Despite this,the findings of this years repor

3、t show that e-commerce still continues to grow.In fact,the turnover in European B2C e-commerce increased from 849bn in 2021 to 899bn in 2022,even though the growth rate did decrease from 12%in 2021 to 6%in 2022.That said,the growth rate for 2023 is forecast to slightly increase to 8%,with the turnov

4、er in European B2C e-commerce also continuing its positive growth tendency.From a legislative point of view,we are witnessing how policymakers at the EU level are gradually wrapping up the different political priorities of this mandate,since next year will be marked by the European elections,taking

5、place on 6-9 June 2024.In past years,the EU has rolled out a number of legislative acts that have attempted to adapt the legal landscape of Europe to the digital and green transitions.Many of these policies have proved to be of key relevance to the e-commerce sector,addressing topics such as online

6、platforms and marketplaces,green claims and sustainable packaging,to name just a few.The next couple of years will therefore be critical for companies as these initiatives gradually start to be implemented across the whole industry,a move that will require investment in order to ensure compliance wi

7、th new EU and national rules.When the 2024 EU elections inevitably re-shuffle the European political landscape,the narrative around digitalization and digital commerce will also shift,influencing future policy agendas and negotiations over the next five years.Early voting predictions suggest a more

8、polarized,potentially less regulatory-oriented European Parliament,which will impact the evolution of the EU regulatory landscape for years to come.Against this potential backdrop of increased political uncertainty,it is crucial for the digital commerce sector to remain vocal about the challenges it

9、 faces and what it needs to drive the necessary changes for a fair and sustainable digital transition.There is still a lot of work to be done.2022 marked the 30-year anniversary of the EU Single Market and while Ecommerce Europe recognises the important steps undertaken over the years,we also see th

10、at businesses still face significant barriers,especially in relation to cross-border selling.Policymakers have a responsibility to reduce market fragmentation and remove red tape for cross-border business operations.Designing realistic,future-proof and channel-neutral policies that are capable of ad

11、apting to the evolving expectations of both companies and consumers,will be of paramount importance when the next EU cycle starts.Ecommerce Europe will continue its lobbying and advocacy efforts,in cooperation with its members,to bring the interests and challenges of the sector to the attention of t

12、he new legislators.Ecommerce Europe:The European Digital Commerce Association Ecommerce Europe represents,through its national associations,more than 150,000 companies selling goods and services online to consumers in Europe.Ecommerce Europe acts at European level to help legislators create a better

13、 framework for online merchants,so that their sales can grow further.We are the European platform for digital commerce,where national associations,company members and business partners can network and share best practices,exchange information and knowledge on issues concerning their business.Ecommer

14、ce Europes Public Affairs activitiesEcommerce Europe represents the interests of the digital commerce sector towards European legislators.Our advocacy activities focus on the following main pillars:e-Regulations Sustainability Digital Transactions and Innovation e-Logistics&Taxation PlatformsThese p

15、illars are structured into working committees where members of Ecommerce Europe can participate by contributing to the development of the policy positions of the association on a wide range of topics.These meetings are also the occasion to get informed,share best practices and discuss obstacles merc

16、hants and platforms face in their daily operations.Ecommerce Europe translates the outcome of the committees into policy recommendations for legislators on how to make it easier for merchants to sell to their customers,especially cross-border.At the same time,we provide practical and useful informat

17、ion to our members on relevant developments at EU level.2|Europe E-Commerce Report 2023|IntroductionA word from Ecommerce Europe Luca CassettiSecretary GeneralIf you would like to get involved with Ecommerce Europe or one of our national associations,please visit our website www.ecommerce-europe.eu

18、or send us an e-mail at infoecommerce-europe.eu.As the European voice of the retail and wholesale sector,we are pleased to share this years edition of the European E-commerce Regional Report.We hope it will inform you all on e-commerce trends occurring in such a rapidly changing environment.As the l

19、argest private sector employer in Europe,our sector provides 26 million jobs and plays an essential role in the life of local communities and city centers,ensuring that European consumers and businesses have daily access to critical services and products.The past few years have been challenging in E

20、urope.We are recovering from the Covid-19 pandemic and dealing with a plethora of newer challenges such as a severe cost-of-living crisis and the impact of the war in Ukraine,as well as climate change,aging populations,tightening labor markets and a rapidly evolving digital landscape.In 2022,with in

21、flation soaring,consumers became a lot more price sensitive.They increasingly looked to save money and did so by comparing and diversifying their online and offline shopping channels.This years report includes a special focus on the impact of inflation on turnover growth in the sector.As the sector

22、faces up to these challenges,it is going through significant transformation to become more digital and sustainable,while still seeking to attract and retain talent.A joint study with McKinsey identifies that the sector must nearly double its current investment rate by 2030.We are working with EU pol

23、icy makers,through a co-creation process,to explore how to develop a more supportive environment and unlock potential for greater levels of investment to achieve this vital transformation.Throughout the Covid-19 pandemic,many consumers switched to online out of necessity but continued to shop online

24、 through choice.We expect online sales to keep growing in the coming years,reaching an estimated 30%of retail sales by 2030.Being present online has become vital for many retailers,especially for smaller businesses.The consumer journey is also rapidly changing and combining online and offline intera

25、ction has become the new normal.Retailers have no choice but to invest in making this hybrid shopping a seamless experience.While physical stores remain essential,their role is evolving and their focus increasingly shifting to offering enhanced experience and in-person advice.Over the past few years

26、,the European Union has been designing new regulations for the digital world.These require e-commerce players to remain in step with such changes.EuroCommerce contributes on behalf of its members to this process and monitors the implementation and enforcement of these rules to ensure that Europe pro

27、vides an environment thats conducive to innovation while ensuring fair competition and appropriate levels of consumer and environmental protection.EuroCommerce:The voice of European retail and wholesale EuroCommerce is the principal European organization representing the retail and wholesale sectors

28、.It embraces national associations in 27 countries and five million companies,including leading global players and many small businesses.Over a billion times a day,retailers and wholesalers distribute goods and provide essential services to millions of business and individual customers.The sector ge

29、nerates one out of every seven jobs and offers a varied career to 26mn Europeans,many of them young people.It also supports millions of jobs throughout the supply chain,from small local suppliers to international businesses.EuroCommerce is the recognized European social partner for the retail and wh

30、olesale sectors.3|Europe E-Commerce Report 2023|IntroductionA word from EuroCommerce Christel DelbergheDirector-GeneralIf you would like to get involved with EuroCommerce,please visit our website www.eurocommerce.eu or send us an e-mail at eurocommerceeurocommerce.eu4|Europe E-Commerce Report 2023|C

31、ontents Contents05 Europe Market Overview07 Europe E-Commerce Overview12 EU-27 E-Commerce Overview15 WESTERN EUROPE16 Belgium17 Interview:Greet Dekocker,SafeShops&BeCommerce19 France20 Interview:Marc Lolivier,FEVAD22 Germany23 Interview:Martin Gro-Albenhausen,BEVH25 Ireland26 Interview:Lorraine Higg

32、ins,Digital Business Ireland28 Luxembourg29 Netherlands30 Interview:Marlene ten Ham,Thuiswinkel.org32 United Kingdom33 NORTHERN EUROPE34 Denmark35 Interview:Niels Ralund,Dansk Erhverv36 Estonia37 Interview:Tnu Vt,Estonian E-commerce Association38 Finland39 Interview:Ilari Kallio,Kaupan litto41 Icela

33、nd42 Latvia43 Lithuania44 Norway45 Interview:Marianne Bjarstad,Virke e-Handel46 Sweden47 Interview:Martina Elfgren,Svensk Digital Handel48 CENTRAL EUROPE49 Austria50 Interview:Rainer Will,Handelsverband52 Czechia53 Interview:Jan Vetyka,APEK54 Hungary55 Interview:Norbert Madar,GKI Digital57 Poland58

34、Interview:Patrycja Sass-Staniszewska,EIZBA61 Slovak Republic61 Slovenia63 Switzerland64 Interview:Bernhard Egger,HANDELSVERBAND.swiss66 EASTERN EUROPE67 Albania68 Bosnia and Herzegovina69Interview:OrhanGazibegovi,E-commerceAssociation72 Bulgaria73 Interview:Janet Naidenova,Bulgarian E-commerce Assoc

35、iation75 Croatia76 Montenegro77 North Macedonia78 Romania79 Interview:Cristian Pelivan,ARMO81 Serbia82 Ukraine83 SOUTHERN EUROPE84 Cyprus85 Greece86 Italy87 Interview:Roberto Liscia,Netcomm90 Malta91 Portugal92 Spain93 Interview:Miguel Ferrer,Adigital95 Methodology and sources96 About us and thanks9

36、7 Copyright5|Europe E-Commerce Report 2023|Market Overview|EuropeMarket Overview:EuropeThe European continent is home to diverse markets,in particular,intricate digital markets.After the rapid growth of internet users during the Covid-19 pandemic,they appear to have stabilized at 92%of the total Eur

37、opean population.Despite challenges with inflation and a declining population,GDP continues to grow both regionally and across Europe.GDP(bn)Gross Domestic Product(GDP)in bnPopulation of EuropeYear by year population,in millionsInternet usersPercentage of the population accessing the internetSOURCE:

38、WORLD BANK,UN POPULATION DIVISIONSOURCE:EUROSTAT,DATAREPORTAL201820192020202120222023(F)85%87%89%91%92%92%100%50%201820192020202120222023(F)587.9 588.5588.9589.7 585.1584.0590m580mSOURCE:IMF201820192020202120222023(F)17,35317,65117,27718,51020,56820,82616,000bn21,000bnEuropes E-commerce Regions n We

39、stern Europen Central Europen Northern Europen Eastern Europen Southern Europe6|Europe E-Commerce Report 2023|Market Overview|EuropeInfrastructure&LogisticsSOURCES:WORLDBANK,UNITED NATIONS,THE ECONOMIST INTELLIGENCE UNIT,YALE,SDGINDEXBelgium 7 39 24 21 18France 13 19 4 12 7Germany 3 22 14 13 6Irelan

40、d 23 30 34 24 9Luxembourg 26 26-6 36Netherlands 3 9 8 11 17United Kingdom 19 11 5 2 11Denmark 3 1 19 1 2Estonia 26 8 25 14 10Finland 2 2-3 1Iceland 26 5-10 22Latvia 34 29-15 14Lithuania 38 24 25 31 39Logistics Performance Index(2023)Inclusive Internet Index (2022)E-Government Development Index(2022)

41、SDG Index Ranking(2022)Environmental Performance Index Ranking(2022)Rankings highlighted are leaders among countries in the reportLogistics Performance Index(LPI):LPI measures performance along the logistics supply chain within a country.E-Government Development Index:The E-government Development In

42、dex measures the willingness and capacity of national administrations to use information and communication technologies in order to deliver public services.Inclusive Internet Index:Benchmark based on internet availability,affordability,relevance and the readiness of people to use it.Environmental Pe

43、rformance Index:This index provides a data-driven summary of the state of sustainability using 32 performance indicators across 11 issue categories,the EPI ranks countries on environmental health and ecosystem vitality.SDG Index Ranking:This index provides an assessment of progress made towards the

44、SDGs by all UN Member States.The SDG Index,in which scores are presented on a scale of 0 to 100 and can be interpreted as a percentage towards optimal SDG performance.DefinitionsNorway 19 17-20 4Sweden 7 5 11 5 3Austria 7 20 32 8 5Czechia 43 45 44 33 21Hungary 51 51 14 13 6Poland 26 34 16 46 12Slova

45、k Republic 43 47-18 24Slovenia 43 21-7 15Switzerland 3 23 10 9 8Albania 97 63-62 61Bosnia&Herzegovina 61 96-102 59Bulgaria 51 52 28 41 42Croatia 43 44-16 23Logistics Performance Index(2023)Inclusive Internet Index (2022)E-Government Development Index(2022)SDG Index Ranking(2022)Environmental Perform

46、ance Index Ranking(2022)Montenegro 73 71-63 86North Macedonia 57 80-34 57Romania 51 57 30 30 30Serbia 73 40-79 35Ukraine 79 46-52 37Cyprus 51 27-22 43Greece 19 33 18 28 32Italy 19 37 20 23 25Malta 43 15-4 33Portugal 38 38 28 48 20Spain 13 18 7 27 16Logistics Performance Index(2023)Inclusive Internet

47、 Index (2022)E-Government Development Index(2022)SDG Index Ranking(2022)Environmental Performance Index Ranking(2022)7|Europe E-Commerce Report 2023|E-commerce Overview|EuropeE-commerce Overview:EuropeThe e-commerce overview section of the report includes data from 37 countries on the European conti

48、nent,showcasing the importance of the EU-27 and neighboring digital economies.Overall,European B2C e-commerce turnover continues to grow.As has been the trend for quite some time,Eastern Europe shows higher growth rates in B2C e-commerce turnover than many Western European countries.However,Western

49、Europe still holds the largest share of total turnover,at 67%compared to Eastern Europes 2%.Countries included:AlbaniaAustriaBelgiumBosnia&HerzegovinaBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmark EstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIcelandIrelandItalyLatviaLithuaniaLuxembourgMaltaMontenegroNetherlandsNort

50、h MacedoniaNorwayPolandPortugalRomaniaSerbiaSlovak RepublicSloveniaSpain SwedenSwitzerlandUkraineUnited Kingdom Growth rate Inflation-adjusted growth rate*SOURCE:NATIONAL E-COMMERCE ASSOCIATIONS,STATISTA201820192020202120222023(F)14%12%8%6%12%591664760849899975 E-Shoppers,Europe201820192020202120226

51、7%70%74%75%76%78%Percentage of internet users who bought goods or services onlineSOURCE:EUROSTAT,STATISTA2023(F)100%50%14%9%2%-2%11%*All Inflation-adjusted growth rates throughout this report were supplied by Eurocommerce.Further explanation of the methodology can be found on page 95B2C e-commerce t

52、urnover(bn)This is the Light Version of the Report.The Full Version is only available to Ecommerce Europes and EuroCommerces members and policymakers.E-GDP,Europe8|Europe E-Commerce Report 2023|E-commerce Overview|By RegionE-commerce Overview:By RegionWestern Europe remains the leader in terms of it

53、s share of B2C e-commerce turnover in Europe,consistently encompassing over 67%of total turnover,with Southern Europe catching up at 16%.This share of turnover is reflected in the E-GDP of the regions,with Western Europe remaining the highest at 5.2%.The e-commerce markets are robust and expected to

54、 contribute 5%to GDP in 2023.Eastern Europes fast-growing digital economy provides ample opportunity for e-commerce players.Internet users by region,2022SOURCE:EUROSTAT,DATAREPORTAL 95%97%91%88%89%Western EuropeNorthern EuropeCentral EuropeEastern EuropeSouthern EuropeE-shoppers users by region,2022

55、SOURCE:EUROSTAT,STATISTA87%85%77%48%64%Western EuropeNorthern EuropeCentral EuropeEastern EuropeSouthern EuropeWestern Europe:67%Southern Europe:16%Central Europe:8%Northern Europe:7%Eastern Europe:2%Share of total European e-commerce turnover by region,2022This is the Light Version of the Report.Th

56、e Full Version is only available to Ecommerce Europes and EuroCommerces members and policymakers.B2C e-commerce turnover by region in bn,2022E-GDP as a percentage of GDP,20229|Europe E-Commerce Report 2023|E-commerce Overview|By CountryE-commerce Overview:By CountrySOURCE:EUROSTAT,DATAREPORTALIcelan

57、dNorwaySwitzerlandUnited KingdomLuxembourgDenmarkFinlandSwedenIrelandNetherlandsSpainBelgiumAustriaGermanyEstoniaLatviaMaltaFranceCzechiaCyprusUkraineSlovak RepublicSloveniaMontenegroHungaryRomaniaLithuaniaPolandItalyNorth MacedoniaPortugalSerbiaGreeceBulgariaCroatiaBosnia&HerzegovinaAlbaniaInternet

58、 users per country,2022100%100%100%99%98%98%98%97%96%96%95%95%94%93%92%92%92%92%92%91%90%90%90%90%90%89%88%88%86%86%85%84%84%83%83%80%79%SOURCE:EUROSTAT,STATISTAE-shoppers per country,2022United KingdomNetherlandsNorwayDenmarkSwitzerlandIrelandSwedenIcelandSlovak RepublicCzechiaFranceLuxembourgGerma

59、nyFinlandBelgiumHungaryEstoniaMaltaPolandSpainGreeceAustriaSloveniaLithuaniaCroatiaLatviaSerbiaPortugalItalyUkraineCyprusRomaniaNorth MacedoniaAlbaniaBulgariaBosnia&HerzegovinaMontenegro95%92%92%90%90%89%88%87%85%84%83%82%82%81%79%78%77%73%73%72%70%70%70%68%68%67%63%63%57%57%55%51%49%49%49%39%31%10|

60、Europe E-Commerce Report 2023|E-commerce Overview|By CountryE-commerce Overview:By CountryThis is the Light Version of the Report.The Full Version is only available to Ecommerce Europes and EuroCommerces members and policymakers.B2C e-commerce growth rate by country,2022E-GDP by country,202211|Europ

61、e E-Commerce Report 2023|E-commerce Overview|By CountrySOURCE:SOURCE:EUROSTAT(2022):PERCENTAGE OF INDIVIDUALS WHO PURCHASED ONLINE IN THE LAST THREE MONTHSOnline purchasing nationally and cross-border,three months,2022n From national sellersn From sellers from other EU countriesn From sellers of the

62、 rest of the world(non-EU countries)n From sellers from unknown countriesn From sellers from other countries(EU or non-EU)Albania92%29%17%29%35%Austria72%71%23%15%74%Belgium82%63%15%6%67%Bosnia and Herzegovina70%29%24%6%45%Bulgaria94%32%18%1%37%Croatia83%35%19%3%43%Cyprus85%78%60%6%84%Czechia86%31%1

63、5%7%35%Denmark85%40%12%8%43%Estonia88%41%25%5%50%Finland77%44%16%5%47%France77%36%30%28%49%Germany73%17%9%16%20%Greece88%25%12%6%29%Hungary89%31%12%7%35%Iceland79%38%59%8%72%Ireland75%60%38%8%73%Italy71%38%26%31%43%Latvia79%43%22%1%54%Lithuania90%35%20%2%42%Luxembourg33%73%26%13%79%Malta77%65%55%11%

64、88%Montenegro78%38%24%4%49%Netherlands95%30%17%5%37%North Macedonia83%12%18%1%27%Norway83%33%20%8%42%Poland91%13%6%7%16%Portugal85%45%19%3%53%Romania94%18%7%2%21%Serbia97%13%7%1%18%Slovakia83%39%15%12%43%Slovenia82%47%19%3%52%Spain92%31%29%14%42%Sweden91%32%16%9%37%EU-2781%31%19%15%37%12|Europe E-Co

65、mmerce Report 2023|Market Overview|EU-27Market Overview:EU-27Population of the EU-27Year-by-year population,in millionsInternet usersPercentage of the population accessing the internetSOURCE:WORLDBANK,UN POPULATION DIVISIONSOURCE:EUROSTAT,DATAREPORTAL201820192020202120222023(F)85%87%90%90%91%92%100%

66、50%201820192020202120222023(F)444.5445.0445.3448.5447.3448.9450M440MThe EU-27 is the powerhouse of European e-commerce.Although the United Kingdom,which officially left the European Union in 2020,represents the bulk of European e-commerce turnover,the Single Markets digital economy continues to thri

67、ve.Every year,the e-shopper population grows,as does E-GDP.The data reveals that consumers are confident in their domestic markets,evidenced by 81%having reported purchasing from national sellers in 2022.EU-27 member countries Austria,Belgium,Bulgaria,Croatia,Cyprus,Czechia,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,F

68、rance,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Poland,Portugal,Romania,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden E-ShoppersPercentage of internet users who bought goods or services onlineSOURCE:EUROSTAT,STATISTA201820192020202120222023(F)66%68%73%75%75%76%100%50%This i

69、s the Light Version of the Report.The Full Version is only available to Ecommerce Europes and EuroCommerces members and policymakers.B2C e-commerce turnover(bn)This is the Light Version of the Report.The Full Version is only available to Ecommerce Europes and EuroCommerces members and policymakers.G

70、DP and E-GDP(bn)13|Europe E-Commerce Report 2023|Market Overview|EU-27EU-27 product category purchasingSOURCE:EUROSTAT(2022):PERCENTAGE OF INDIVIDUALS WHO PURCHASED ONLINE IN THE LAST THREE MONTHSEU-27 cross-border online purchaseSOURCE:EUROSTAT(2022):PERCENTAGE OF INDIVIDUALS WHO PURCHASED ONLINE I

71、N THE LAST THREE MONTHS81%37%31%19%15%National sellersSellers from other EU countriesSellers from the rest of the world(non-EU countries)Sellers from unknown countriesSellers from other countries(EU or non-EU)97%68%34%34%30%27%26%23%22%20%19%19%17%17%15%9%31%29%27%25%15%12%9%6%Tickets to cultural/ot

72、her eventsTransport service/enterprise Music as streaming service or downloadsTickets to sports events Apps related to health and fitnessPhysical multimedia (music,DVDs,books,etc)Furniture,home accessories/gardening productsComputers,tablets,mobile phones and accessoriesConsumer electronics or house

73、hold appliancesFood/beverages from stores or meal-kit providersCleaning products or personal hygiene productsBicycles,mopeds,cars,vehicles and spare partsFilms or series as streaming service or downloadsDeliveries from restaurants,fast-food chains,catering servicesGames online or as downloads for mo

74、bile phone,tablet,computer or consolee-books,online magazines or online newspapersAny physical goods from private personsSports goods Clothes,shoes or accessoriesChildren toys/itemsMedicine and dietary supplementsCosmetics,beauty or wellness productsOther physical goodsAny physical goods Compared wi

75、th 2021,e-shoppers in the European Union appear more likely to purchase from sellers from unknown countries in 2022(13%in 2021).Importantly,the share of consumers purchasing from national sellers and sellers from other EU countries has remained constant.14|Europe E-Commerce Report 2023|Market Overvi

76、ew|EU-27EU-27 digital intensitySOURCE:EUROSTAT(2022)31%3%38%14%27%54%4%30%Enterprises with very low digital intensity indexEnterprises with low digital intensity indexEnterprises with high digital intensity indexEnterprises with very high digital intensity indexn Large enterprisesn SMEsEU-27 enterpr

77、ises*were surveyed and given a point for each of the following conditions,if true:l Enterprises where more than 50%of the persons employed had access to the internet for business purposesl Employ ICT specialistsl The maximum contracted download speed of the fastest fixed line internet connection is

78、at least 30 Mb/sl Enterprises which conducted remote meetingsl Enterprises make persons employed aware of their obligations in ICT security related issuel Any type of training provided to develop ICT related skills of the persons employed,during 2020l Use at least three ICT security measuresl Enterp

79、rise with document(s)on measures,practices or procedures on ICT securityl Any of the persons employed having remote access to any of the following:e-mail,documents,business appsl Use industrial or service robotsl Used any computer networks for sales(at least 1%)l Enterprises where web sales are more

80、 than 1%of the total turnover and B2C web sales more than 10%of the web salesEnterprise has very low digital intensity index:Count of enterprises with 0-3 pointsEnterprise has low digital intensity index:Count of enterprises with 4-6 pointsEnterprise has high digital intensity index:Count of enterpr

81、ises with 7-9 pointsEnterprise has very high digital intensity index:Count of enterprises with 10-12 points*SME=10 to 249 employees and self-employed persons,without financial sectorLarge enterprise=250 employees and self-employed persons or more,without financial sector15|Europe E-Commerce Report 2

82、023|Western Europe Western Europe Internet usage201820192020202120222023(F)92%94%95%95%95%95%Percentage of the population accessing the internetSOURCE:EUROSTAT,DATAREPORTAL100%50%E-Shoppers2018201920202021202281%83%86%86%87%87%Percentage of internet users who bought goods or services onlineSOURCE:EU

83、ROSTAT,STATISTA2023(F)100%50%This is the Light Version of the Report.The Full Version is only available to Ecommerce Europes and EuroCommerces members and policymakers.B2C e-commerce turnover(bn)GDP and E-GDP(bn)Internet usage201820192020202120222023(F)90%91%92%94%95%95%Percentage of the population

84、accessing the internetSOURCE:EUROSTAT,DATAREPORTAL16|Europe E-Commerce Report 2023|Western Europe|Belgium Belgium E-Shoppers2018201920202021202267%72%79%80%79%79%Percentage of internet users who bought goods or services onlineSOURCE:EUROSTAT,STATISTA100%50%2023(F)100%50%Google:93%SOURCE:STATCOUNTER

85、Search engine market shareMost popular search engines in 2022bing:5%Other:2%Currency:euro|VAT:21%This is the Light Version of the Report.The Full Version is only available to Ecommerce Europes and EuroCommerces members and policymakers.This is the Light Version of the Report.The Full Version is only

86、 available to Ecommerce Europes and EuroCommerces members and policymakers.B2C e-commerce turnover(bn)GDP and E-GDP(bn)SafeShops.bePolicies and regulation:What national policies are being considered in your market that will likely have an impact on e-commerce?We have an upcoming proposal on the new

87、postal law proposed by our Minister of Postal Services which will have a significant impact on our postal operators.Its focus is to improve working conditions of parcel deliverers in Belgium,combating social and tax fraud,as well as to protect fair competition in the market.If passed,it will include

88、 several measures,obligations and a liability regime,including a minimum fee for postal service providers and subcontractors,setting up a time registration system and preventive measures such as training.We are,however,worried that regulating the postal sector via such strict measures,introducing se

89、vere liabilities and putting extra financial burdens on the market operators will put Belgian e-commerce under increased pressures compared to those in neighboring countries.How have some relevant EU policies,such as Right to Repair and Green Claims,affected the Belgian e-commerce market?The most re

90、levant policies that will impact our market are DMA and DSA.We also believe that the Packaging and Waste Regulation will impact our sector in a significant way.The DMA/DSA both strive to mitigate the influence from the large formats and big players such as Google and Meta.A safer online environment

91、and a more even playing field will be beneficial to our consumers and webshops.Also,more sustainable packaging and more sustainable ecommerce in general are issues were already focusing on.I think such regulation will be a helpful step towards making e-commerce a sustainable way of trading,even thou

92、gh both regulations will be challenging to implement.Sustainability:What is currently happening in Belgium regarding sustainable transportation efforts?Aside from the postal law that will focus on more social sustainability,there are a lot of sustainable efforts going on in the market.Webshops and r

93、etailers are adapting their offer and making it more sustainable while on different platforms,we are seeing the application of certain ecofilters,where a consumer can specifically search for sustainable products.Some e-commerce players have even introduced ecolabels to indicate whether a product is

94、eco-friendly or not.In general,there is more consumer awareness about greenwashing and we can see this in more circular e-business models that are focusing on re-commerce.Suppliers are also jumping on this bandwagon,with more packaging suppliers working with,or striving to work with,recyclable and r

95、eusable materials.It is remarkable that there is a genuine desire from most of our postal operators to work towards CO2 neutrality.What is currently happening in Belgium regarding returns and/or repairs and their impact on sustainability efforts?There are a lot of positive things happening on return

96、s right now.Mitigating the impact of returns is a topic that Belgian retailers are heavily invested in.Luckily,there is a willingness from the webshops to reduce their returns rate or the impact from returns.According to a survey we conducted in 2021,83%of webshops are already trying by providing be

97、tter,clearer product information.Destruction of returns has also been limited,with 74%of returns either repackaged and sold again,sold as second-hand items(9%)or donated(5%).Theres also a huge potential for policy and technical implementation and we recently conducted a study on possible practices t

98、o reduce returns,with some hopeful and positive outcomes.Technology:Have you seen a shift in digitalization and technology use among retailers in this last year?If so,what changes have retailers particularly SMEs made?There has been a shift and a lot of new technology has been implemented.We see a d

99、efinite increase in the use of ChatGPT as a base to start writing marketing text and its currently mainly being applied in marketing and customer service.This helps webshops handle complaints faster and provide drafts in a timely manner.So,for the moment,we are reaping the benefits of ChatGPT.When i

100、t comes to customer service,a lot of chatbots are already working with AI and this usage is increasing.Also,we see that the implementation of Augmented Reality(AR)can be a huge help in,for example,reducing fashion returns.Which technologies such as AI,VR and big data are Belgian e-commerce industry

101、players focusing on in 2023?Concepts like the aforementioned AR and AI can help to mitigate returns or even increase sales.The current problem in returns is that there is a lack of adequate product information.AR tools such as virtual fitting rooms and 3D-product visualizations can help to close tha

102、t gap.We are also seeing a lot of technology around data.A digital passport,linked to your bank card,is very much up and running in Belgium,which already provides a lot of options and possibilities.“In general,there is more consumer awareness about greenwashing and we can see this in more circular e

103、-business models that are focusing on re-commerce”17|Europe E-Commerce Report 2023|Western Europe|Belgium BelgiumInterviewGreet DekockerManaging Director,BeCommerce/SafeShops.beContinued on the next pageSafeShops.beCurrent events and e-commerce:There have been reports that direct-to-consumer Europea

104、n e-commerce has grown substantially.Has this been the case in your market?We see that some businesses such as Dyson are starting to focus on D2C.Another substantial growth is that of B2B e-commerce.We see more and more B2B-shops coming onto the market.Have you seen any specific direct or indirect i

105、mpacts from the war in Ukraine on your e-commerce market?As with the economy in general,supply chains and buying power are under pressure,although in Belgium,that pressure is somewhat mitigated by the wage index.While this helps,it remains a challenging climate.Even now,we still see that the volume

106、of e-commerce is increasing,which is an ongoing trend.This growth is mainly pushed by services.Going to events and traveling are popular expenses,since people want to go out and experience more now that theyre able to again.People are spending more on experiences and,actually,were almost back on the

107、 same level as before Covid-19.Have there been any changes or updates in Belgium regarding payment and delivery preferences or behaviors?We see that debit is still the most popular payment method,with Bancontact as frontrunner(75%).Its popularity is not likely to decrease.Payconiq is also a very pop

108、ular payment method in Belgium,where you can pay by scanning a QR code.Something that is unique and upcoming in the Belgian market are meal vouchers and eco vouchers,with even some delivery services now implementing the meal vouchers.Eco vouchers are a handy indicator of whether a customer is buying

109、 a sustainable product.These vouchers are very popular among Belgian consumers and are also finding their way in e-commerce.What would you say are the leading reasons for significant changes in e-commerce purchasing among consumers?There is an increase in e-commerce because consumer generally have f

110、ewer concerns about it.Worries about product quality and delivery have decreased since last year.Also,we see that consumers are starting to spend their money again on experiences.Other sectors increasing in popularity are food and second-hand goods.Are there any e-commerce trends specific or unique

111、to the Belgian market?While not unique,there are some rather remarkable trends going on.For example,the export mode of Belgian e-commerce is really starting to kick off.Belgian webshops are exporting more cross-border to neighboring countries.Its great for the sector to expand internationally.“Eco v

112、ouchers are a handy indicator of whether a customer is buying a sustainable product.These vouchers are very popular among Belgian consumers and are also finding their way in e-commerce”18|Europe E-Commerce Report 2023|Western Europe|Belgium BelgiumContinued from previous page Internet usage201820192

113、020202120222023(F)89%91%93%93%92%93%Percentage of the population accessing the internetSOURCE:EUROSTAT,DATAREPORTAL19|Europe E-Commerce Report 2023|Western Europe|France France E-Shoppers2018201920202021202275%77%77%82%83%83%Percentage of internet users who bought goods or services onlineSOURCE:EURO

114、STAT,STATISTA100%50%2023(F)100%50%Google:91%SOURCE:STATCOUNTER Search engine market shareMost popular search engines in 2022bing:5%Yahoo!:1%Other:2%Currency:euro|VAT:20%This is the Light Version of the Report.The Full Version is only available to Ecommerce Europes and EuroCommerces members and polic

115、ymakers.This is the Light Version of the Report.The Full Version is only available to Ecommerce Europes and EuroCommerces members and policymakers.B2C e-commerce turnover(bn)GDP and E-GDP(bn)Policies and regulation:What national policies are being considered in your market that will likely have an i

116、mpact on e-commerce?We have a major new digital law under discussion that is intended to strengthen internet regulation and security,as well as aiming to integrate the DSA into the national legislative order.This is an important legislative initiative for our sector because it will define the new ru

117、les applicable to marketplaces.Of course,we will be vigilant to ensure that French law remains faithful to the spirit and letter of European regulation in order to ensure a level playing field between platforms operating within the EU.How have some relevant EU policies,such as Right to Repair and Gr

118、een Claims,affected the French e-commerce market?In general,national legislation concerning e-commerce is increasingly inspired by European law,which we regard as a positive development for the sector.At a European level,there are currently a number of initiatives closely associated with E-commerce

119、Europe that we are following very carefully.These include regulation on general product safety and the revision of the directives on consumer rights,not to mention the Data Act,the AI Act and changes to tax regulations.All these legal texts will significantly affect the future of our industry in Fra

120、nce and Europe.We also closely monitor European environmental regulations.French legislation in this area is already particularly advanced,both in relation to environmental claims and sustainable practices,including information on repairability,as well as product and packaging waste.The EU regulatio

121、ns should make it possible to harmonize the law in Europe.Sustainability:What is currently happening in your market regarding sustainable transportation efforts?Sustainability is now the focus of everyones attention.There is strong demand from consumers concerning businesses in general and,of course

122、,this extends to e-commerce.Our businesses are well aware of the need to respond to such expectations and,in 2023,corporate social responsibility has become the top priority investment for French e-commerce sites.Of course,laws often trigger changes in this area but it would be wrong to think that t

123、hey can solve everything.Companies must also be made accountable and responsible.This is the point of the Charter for Sustainable E-Commerce Logistics that we have developed with the government and which has been signed by the main e-commerce players.This charter includes very concrete measures conc

124、erning the packaging,storage and transport or products ordered online.What is currently happening in France regarding returns and/or repairs and their impact on sustainability efforts?The question of returns is dealt with in our Charter for Sustainable e-commerce logistics.Businesses must implement

125、measures that may help to limit returns yet the challenge is to prevent returns that could have been avoided,without calling into question the customers right to return.That is to say,changes cant ever limit the right to make a mistake,which has always been a consumer right in distance selling.Techn

126、ology:Have you seen a shift in digitalization and technology use among retailers in this last year?If so,what changes have retailers particularly SMEs made?Technological advances and,more generally,innovation,are among the main drivers of the success of e-commerce.We are a sector that is constantly

127、innovating to improve competitiveness and quality of service.Among the technologies that are the focus of most attention from e-commerce sites,one finds AI,including ChatGPT.Such applications are increasingly found in marketing,customer relations,logistics,payment security and fraud prevention.AI al

128、so enables interesting progresses in CSR,particularly by making it possible to optimize inventory and delivery management.This is just the beginning,since AIs potential in terms of e-commerce appears to be considerable.There is also increasing interest in VR and AR,particularly relating to product p

129、resentation.While there is certainly room for improvement on its technology side,substantial progress has been made in recent years in terms of consumer use,which suggests significant prospects for development in the future.Current events and e-commerce:There have been reports that direct-to-consume

130、r European e-commerce has grown substantially.Has this been the case in the French market?There is a definite trend towards direct-to-consumer.The appearance of brands on e-commerce sites is not new,although Covid-19 accelerated the trend.While not all brands have the same strategies,most of them ha

131、ve understood all the potential benefits of a direct relationship with the customer through a successful shopping experience,especially in terms of brand commitment.Virtually all major brands now have an online retail site that is both a sales channel as well as a medium for customer communication.“

132、Virtually all major brands now have an online retail site that is both a sales channel and a medium for customer communication”20|Europe E-Commerce Report 2023|Western Europe|France FranceInterviewMarc Lolivier Director General,FEVAD French Federation of e-commerceContinued on the next pageHave you

133、seen any specific direct or indirect impacts on your e-commerce market resulting from the war in Ukraine?War in Ukraine has had an impact on inflation,which is now a major concern for e-commerce sites,not only because of the effects on the cost of transport and products,but also due to its impact on

134、 consumers purchasing power.The rise in interest rates intended to curb inflation has consequences,particularly for startups with financing requirements.The war has also contributed to a climate of uncertainty,which is not very positive for investment and consumption.Have there been any changes in F

135、rance regarding payment and delivery preferences?In terms of payments,buy now pay later offers can be seen making a significant breakthrough and they are now available on an increasing number of sites.Against the background of a purchasing power crisis,it has to be said that offers of this kind are

136、particularly enticing and attract more consumers.Instant transfers are also the subject of increasing interest.On the delivery side,activity at pick-up points or stores that suffered during the Covid-19 crisis has recovered strongly since the end of the pandemic.Stores have also made considerable pr

137、ogress developing their e-commerce sites in the last two years,although from an economic and strategic point of view,their interest is to promote click and collect.One can sense that hub lockers,which are still of marginal importance in France,could develop in the years to come.What would you say ar

138、e the leading reasons for significant changes in e-commerce purchasing among consumers?During the pandemic lockdowns,sales of products online reached exceptionally high levels as most instore sales switched to online.When the pandemic ended and the situation gradually returned to normal,people retur

139、ned to stores as expected.In the months following the reopening of stores,a sort of post-Covid decline in product sales was therefore experienced.Yet despite this,product sales are still 30%above their pre-pandemic level.At the same time,there has been an explosion in the sale of online services,par

140、ticularly in the travel and leisure sector.After the sudden drop in sales during the pandemic,sales recovered and now the level of sales of services is far in excess of 2019 levels and growing.Obviously,there are trade-offs in terms of consumers purchasing decisions as a result of inflation.These la

141、rgely favor travel and leisure purchases,which are the items of expenditure that French people are trying to retain.Now the question is whether these new shopping behaviors tied to consumption trade-off due to inflation are going to remain.“There has been an explosion in the sale of online services,

142、particularly in the travel and leisure sector”21|Europe E-Commerce Report 2023|Western Europe|France FranceContinued from previous page Internet usage201820192020202120222023(F)93%94%95%92%93%93%Percentage of the population accessing the internetSOURCE:EUROSTAT,DATAREPORTAL22|Europe E-Commerce Repor

143、t 2023|Western Europe|Germany Germany E-Shoppers2018201920202021202282%84%87%82%82%83%Percentage of internet users who bought goods or services onlineSOURCE:EUROSTAT,STATISTA100%50%2023(F)100%50%Google:90%SOURCE:STATCOUNTER Search engine market shareMost popular search engines in 2022bing:6%DuckDuck

144、Go:1%Other:3%Currency:euro|VAT:19%This is the Light Version of the Report.The Full Version is only available to Ecommerce Europes and EuroCommerces members and policymakers.This is the Light Version of the Report.The Full Version is only available to Ecommerce Europes and EuroCommerces members and p

145、olicymakers.B2C e-commerce turnover(bn)GDP and E-GDP(bn)Policies and regulation:What national policies,if any,are being considered in your market that will likely have an impact on e-commerce?Germany tends to shift national policy making to the European level.Therefore,besides some requirements in t

146、he area of extended producer responsibility for single-use plastics,there is no national legislation currently having an impact on e-commerce.How have some relevant EU policies,such as Right to Repair and Green Claims,affected your e-commerce market?The Packaging Regulation will have a huge impact.T

147、here are many products for which the requirement of having no more than 40%of empty space within a package is not possible.Products without their own packaging but with irregular shapes,such as hockey sticks or footballs,for example.Difficulties are also expected for very small products,since logist

148、ic service providers require a minimum parcel size to ensure that the label can be read and the parcel be processed.Similarly,fragile products require a certain amount of filling material as a buffer.Moreover,the requirement would undermine existing efforts of retailers who tried to establish reusab

149、le boxes,since these are rarely adaptable to a wide range of product sizes.The targets for reusable boxes especially 50%of all boxes by 2040 are also difficult to fulfil because reusable packaging is not fit for all products and it requires huge investments,especially for SMEs.Moreover,online retail

150、ers rely on the cooperation of customers and their willingness to participate in a deposit system.Sustainability:What is currently happening in your market regarding sustainable transportation efforts?More logistics companies are trying to convert their fleet to mostly electric vehicles for final-mi

151、le delivery.In addition,cargo bicycles are used wherever possible.For long distances,companies are currently investigating whether rail can be used more for transportation.What is currently happening in Germany regarding returns and/or repairs and their impact on sustainability efforts?Theres an inc

152、reasing number of businesses interested in circular business models.In the current economic crisis,customers are actively looking to save money,which empowers circularity as they resell their old products and buy used ones.E-commerce acts as an enabler here but in general,we see that companies are i

153、ncreasing their sustainability efforts and making their processes more efficient.This includes constant checks and improvements in their returns processes.Technology:Have you seen a shift in digitalization and technology use among retailers in this last year?If so,what changes have retailers particu

154、larly SMEs made?In high street retail,while we saw more examples of self-checkouts,some are already scaling back their efforts due to incidents of fraud or burglary.Making use of e-commerce,especially marketplaces or SaaS shop solutions such as Shopify,is more common than before.Which technologies s

155、uch as AI,VR and big data are German e-commerce industry players focusing on in 2023?Since technology lifecycles are becoming ever-shorter,we see many companies facing relaunches of their shop software and their ERP.At the same time,larger companies are investing in headless technologies such as com

156、posable commerce and MACH-concepts.We also have more companies investing in technology to make better use of product data(PIM/MAM/DAM/MDM),since the variety of input data and output formats and channels requires a very structured approach to data management.Have there been any changes in your market

157、 due to disruptive technologies such as ChatGPT?While e-commerce companies have already invested in big data analytics,ChatGPT is currently being used for different purposes such as PR content,customer service,the optimization of chatbots,extraction of data off unstructured texts and so on.Opportuni

158、ties for more significant uses might arise in the near future,although this is less ChatGPT than GPT-4 and novel approaches to AI-usage.Complex platforms such as Googles Vertex AI or AI-tools like CoPilot or CodeWhisperer(Amazon)have more impact than consumer-oriented(and therefore PR-heavy)technolo

159、gy like ChatGPT.Current events and e-commerce:There have been reports that direct-to-consumer European e-commerce has grown substantially.Has this been the case in your market?We have seen D2C to be less impacted by lackluster consumer consumption.The decline on manufacturers ecommerce revenues is l

160、ess substantial than on multichannel retailers and online pureplayers.“More logistics companies are trying to convert their fleet to mostly electric vehicles for final-mile delivery”23|Europe E-Commerce Report 2023|Western Europe|Germany GermanyInterviewMartin Gross-AlbenhausenDeputy Secretary Gener

161、al,bevhContinued on the next pageHave you seen any specific impacts on your e-commerce market resulting from the war in Ukraine?We saw a very clear drop in consumer buying behavior following the Russian aggression.Since 22 March,we have seen two developments hampering ecommerce:the basic effect of s

162、hrinking revenues after the end of Covid-19 restrictions and,to a much stronger degree,a very negative consumption climate that is hitting all retail.Have there been any changes in Germany regarding payment and delivery preferences or behaviors?We see a continuous growth of online payments services

163、like Paypal or Klarna.We do not,however,perceive a considerable problem with BNPL-offers leading to rising consumer debts.What would you say are the leading reasons for significant changes in e-commerce purchasing among consumers?The major part of the decline in e-commerce purchasing is due to insec

164、urity about the personal economic outlook.It is not necessarily fear of unemployment but mostly a rise of energy costs and inflation on FMCG that leads to frugality.There is also a small statistical effect in the aftermath of two exceptional e-commerce-years during Covid-19.“The major part of the de

165、cline in ecommerce purchasing is due to insecurity about the personal economic outlook”Continued from previous page24|Europe E-Commerce Report 2023|Western Europe|Germany Germany Internet usage201820192020202120222023(F)84%91%92%99%96%96%Percentage of the population accessing the internetSOURCE:EURO

166、STAT,DATAREPORTAL25|Europe E-Commerce Report 2023|Western Europe|Ireland Ireland E-Shoppers2018201920202021202270%73%81%88%89%90%Percentage of internet users who bought goods or services onlineSOURCE:EUROSTAT,STATISTA100%50%2023(F)100%50%Google:95%SOURCE:STATCOUNTER Search engine market shareMost po

167、pular search engines in 2022bing:3%Other:2%This is the Light Version of the Report.The Full Version is only available to Ecommerce Europes and EuroCommerces members and policymakers.This is the Light Version of the Report.The Full Version is only available to Ecommerce Europes and EuroCommerces memb

168、ers and policymakers.B2C e-commerce turnover(bn)GDP and E-GDP(bn)Currency:euro|VAT:23%Policies and regulation:What national policies,if any,are being considered in your market that will likely have an impact on e-commerce?On 9th December 2022,the Irish government published its Digital Connectivity S

169、trategy,which established clearly defined targets for broadband connectivity.As per this legislation,all Irish households and businesses must be covered by a Gigabit network by 2028,all populated areas covered by 5G by 2030 and digital connectivity must be established for all broadband connection po

170、ints by the end of 2023.As the leading representative body for online and digital businesses,Digital Business Ireland welcomed the publication of this strategy.The association has long been campaigning for enhanced connectivity to be made available to businesses throughout Ireland.Based on engagemen

171、t with our own member businesses,it is clear that in the absence of sufficient connectivity,many struggle to run their operations,given that many professional and business services such as tax returns,general book-keeping and payroll have all become digitalized.Businesses without adequate broadband

172、access are limited in their ability to import,export,sell,distribute and carry out essential administrative tasks.At DBI,we are committed to supporting businesses on their digitalization journeys,so it is imperative that national policy aligns with this ambition.We therefore acknowledge the positive

173、 steps taken by the Irish government in publishing the Digital Connectivity Strategy.How have some relevant EU policies,such as Right to Repair and Green Claims,affected Irelands e-commerce market?People are becoming more conscious with their purchasing,which has driven demand for reused,repurposed

174、and repaired goods.The Right to Repair legislation in particular has encouraged this consumer behavior through the emergence of circularity businesses in the SME sector.Sustainability:What is currently happening in your market regarding sustainable transportation efforts?As is known to many,Ireland

175、is a trade-dependent economy that values and optimizes its export potential at every juncture.We therefore rely substantially on effective,efficient logistics and supply chain management systems to support both our homegrown domestic economy and also to leverage the ambitions of our global trade mar

176、kets.In the last year alone,the Irish government has taken a number of proactive steps to incentivize the adoption of sustainable transport and facilitate transport operators in purchasing alternatively fueled vehicles.As an example,in the Climate Action Plan 2023 published just last year,the govern

177、ment set a target of having 95,000 commercial electric vehicles on the road by 2030,with an additional target of 3,500 electric HGVs within the same time period.These targets signal the governments ambition to significantly reduce carbon emissions from transport within this decade,while offering cle

178、ar and tangible policy signals to investors.These signals are in addition to schemes such as the Alternatively Fuelled Heavy Duty Vehicle Purchase Grant Scheme,which has been instrumental in incentivizing the uptake of cleaner freight transport vehicles.There is evidently scope to expand these initi

179、atives further and to introduce targeted purchasing incentives to reduce the environmental impact of logistics and freight transport.What is currently happening in Ireland regarding returns and/or repairs and their impact on sustainability efforts?Over the last few years,Ireland has witnessed an inc

180、reased focus on repurposing and recycling thats in-line with both EU-level developments and the direction of national climate action policy.Just last year,the Circular Economy Act was signed into law,demonstrating Irelands tangible shift from a take-make-waste economic model,to one which values a tr

181、uly sustainable pattern of manufacturing,production and consumption.This model of economic activity further aims to reduce and minimize waste and,where possible,to encourage the repurposing of materials and goods.Perhaps most crucially,the act enshrined sustainable practices into law.While previousl

182、y,businesses and individuals may have made a conscious,voluntary effort to repurpose products,this has now been enshrined as a statutory requirement.At DBI,we are mindful of the need to support businesses as they seek to improve the environmental credentials of their operations.Legislation such as t

183、he Circular Economy Act provide clarity and certainty to businesses on the expectations and mandates that they are required to meet.As Irelands leading representative body for online businesses,we continue to support the objectives of the Circular Economy Act,most notably,the need to establish great

184、er transparency on second-hand products while enabling greater trust of refurbished goods.“People are becoming more conscious with their purchasing,which has driven demand for reused,repurposed and repaired goods”26|Europe E-Commerce Report 2023|Western Europe|Ireland IrelandInterviewLorraine Higgin

185、sFounder,DBI(Digital Business Ireland)Continued on the next pageTechnology:Have you seen a shift in digitalization and technology use among retailers in this last year?If so,what changes have retailers particularly SMEs made?While many businesses are demonstrating an interest in how AI might be appl

186、icable in their business,they tend to be reviewing the best approach as these technologies continue to grow and develop.Ireland does not have a Web3 strategy and because of this,embracing the metaverse and other AI tools has been slow among the SME community.Which technologies such as AI,VR and big

187、data are Irish e-commerce industry players focusing on in 2023?In recent years,Ireland has enhanced its capabilities as a global hub for digital and e-commerce,in part due to the rollout of schemes such as the 85mn Just Transition Fund.This provided critical support to enable growth within the Irish

188、 digital sector,which has a significant potential to attract inward investment and create a network of highly skilled jobs.As a known location for attracting and retaining talent,Ireland must stay ahead of the curve on emerging and advanced technologies.Equipping our extensive SME community with the

189、 skills and resources to do this is a must.The growth and prominence of emerging technologies such as AI,blockchain and Web3,means that once again,there is an acute risk of the digital gap between SMEs and larger firms becoming more pronounced.Typically,while larger firms possess the resources and e

190、xpertise to more efficiently adopt advanced technologies,barriers to adoption still exist for SMEs.Implementation of technologies still proves costly and for many businesses,remains confined to basic services and functions.As emerging technologies mature and develop over the coming years,SMEs will s

191、truggle to remain competitive as consumer expectations increase in line with technological advancements.On this basis,Digital Business Ireland is calling for the introduction of a dedicated digital technology tax credit,which would allow SMEs to claim relief on qualifying expenditure to include prod

192、uct development,subcontractor payments and training for employees.Through initiatives such as this,we reduce the risk of the digital divide between SMEs and larger firms becoming wider,particularly in the presence of technologies such as AI.Current events and e-commerce:There have been reports that

193、direct-to-consumer European e-commerce has grown substantially.Has this been the case in your market?There are trends in some leading retailers supply chains which enable the direct to consumer sales process.However,the advent of Covid-19 made businesses take stock and keep the supply chain locally.

194、Have you seen any specific direct or indirect impacts from the war in Ukraine on your e-commerce market?Apart from increasing energy costs,there is no other impact on the e-commerce market in Ireland.Have there been any changes or updates in Ireland regarding payment and delivery preferences or beha

195、viors?Over the last few years,we have witnessed a number of changes in consumer behavior,most notably around payments and the preference for a seamless experience that consumers can place their trust in.Ireland is a compact,connected country and so,more so than in other jurisdictions,ideas and best

196、practices are learned,shared and often promptly adopted.During the Covid-19 pandemic,many consumers pivoted online and became accustomed to the distinct type of experience and convenience offered by making a purchase via a digital store.With the rise of Web3,we see that many industries and sectors b

197、elieve that their customers will continue to prioritize the online experience,so investment in this type of technology is deemed to be necessary.This sentiment also extended to payments.So many Irish-based consumers have become accustomed to spending online that they tend to have well-formed,definit

198、e ideas of what a seamless payment experience should feel like.These consumers do not tend to operate on a passive basis but rather,they actively and proactively seek out a level of functionality and trust when it comes to online payments.They expect swift approval of the payment and appreciate a ve

199、rification process which ensures that proper procedures are followed throughout.Once payment is made,these consumers will require updates on shipping and estimated delivery times.While consumers have alternative requirements and preferences,the most successful businesses must work to cater to them i

200、f they are to succeed in an increasingly competitive marketplace.What would you say are the leading reasons for significant changes in e-commerce purchasing among consumers?The need for human-to-human contact.Irish people enjoy the opportunity to physically engage with people.Furthermore,Brexit has

201、had an impact on e-commerce sales.The increasing cost of either selling from and selling to Ireland is due to the fact that goods,products and services now attract customs duties.“Once again,there is an acute risk of the digital gap between SMEs and larger firms becoming more pronounced”Continued fr

202、om previous page27|Europe E-Commerce Report 2023|Western Europe|Ireland Ireland Internet usage201820192020202120222023(F)97%97%99%99%98%98%Percentage of the population accessing the internetSOURCE:EUROSTAT,DATAREPORTAL28|Europe E-Commerce Report 2023|Western Europe|Luxembourg Luxembourg E-Shoppers20

203、18201920202021202274%75%80%82%82%82%Percentage of internet users who bought goods or services onlineSOURCE:EUROSTAT,STATISTA100%50%2023(F)100%50%Google:91%SOURCE:STATCOUNTER Search engine market shareMost popular search engines in 2022bing:5%DuckDuckGo:2%YANDEX:1%Other:2%This is the Light Version of

204、 the Report.The Full Version is only available to Ecommerce Europes and EuroCommerces members and policymakers.This is the Light Version of the Report.The Full Version is only available to Ecommerce Europes and EuroCommerces members and policymakers.B2C e-commerce turnover(bn)GDP and E-GDP(bn)Curren

205、cy:euro|VAT:17%Internet usage201820192020202120222023(F)95%96%95%95%96%96%Percentage of the population accessing the internetSOURCE:EUROSTAT,DATAREPORTAL29|Europe E-Commerce Report 2023|Western Europe|Netherlands Netherlands E-Shoppers2018201920202021202284%84%91%94%92%93%Percentage of internet user

206、s who bought goods or services onlineSOURCE:EUROSTAT100%50%2023(F)100%50%Google:93%SOURCE:STATCOUNTER Search engine market shareMost popular search engines in 2022bing:4%DuckDuckGo:1%Other:2%This is the Light Version of the Report.The Full Version is only available to Ecommerce Europes and EuroComme

207、rces members and policymakers.This is the Light Version of the Report.The Full Version is only available to Ecommerce Europes and EuroCommerces members and policymakers.B2C e-commerce turnover(bn)GDP and E-GDP(bn)Currency:euro|VAT:21%Policies and regulation:What national policies,if any,are being co

208、nsidered in your market that will likely have an impact on e-commerce?There are several national policies that will have an impact on the e-commerce market in the Netherlands:l A growing cross-section of society seems to be demanding that online shops charge consumers a fee for returning items.l Dem

209、ands are being made to restrict buy now,pay later options.The Netherlands is the only EU country where online stores are required by law to offer a payment method that allows consumers to pay at least 50%later.One of the implications of this is the rise of problematic debts,particularly among young

210、and/or vulnerable people.Thuiswinkel.org is lobbying for the law to be changed and is suggesting that online shops should always have some control over the payment methods they offer.l A motion has been passed in the Dutch parliament forcing the government to draw up policies to prevent the construc

211、tion of very large distribution centers.How have some relevant EU policies,such as Right to Repair and Green Claims,affected the Dutch e-commerce market?We are on the verge of a major transition to a more sustainable e-commerce sector and we see a great number of regulations coming our way.Even thou

212、gh some EU policies have not been implemented yet,we see on Green Claims,for example,that the designated enforcer,The Netherlands Authority for Consumers and Markets(ACM),is heavily and disproportionally giving fines to leading sustainable companies.This leads to greenhushing far more than to any po

213、sitive impacts on sustainability.This does need substantiation,since unambiguous communication is crucial for the online sector.Thuiswinkel.org recently launched its new strategy Shop Responsible as a transition to sustainable,safe and reliable business models that respect consumer and privacy laws.

214、Together with frontrunners in the sector,we are currently developing a standard on sustainable e-commerce so that what we claim is certified and will also help companies gain insight into which steps still need to be taken.This could eventually be implemented sector-wide and thus inform consumers ab

215、out packaging,CO2 emissions,sustainable product supply,the circular economy and sustainability strategy.Another example of a policy affecting e-commerce is the implementation of the OMNIBUS regulation and,more specifically,the obligation to provide a phone number for every online shop,which has led

216、to some troublesome situations for e-commerce retailers.Sustainability:What is currently happening in your market regarding sustainable transportation efforts?We are still seeing an increased interest in sustainable transportation efforts such as the focus on carbon-neutral fleets at logistics partn

217、ers,delivery options by bicycle and different delivery models,such as distributing from stores and click and collect.We have also noted an increase in environmental zones and zero-emissions in large cities.An increasing number of online stores and carriers are offering a sustainable delivery option

218、due to consumer demand.This increases the importance of transparency:how much CO2 is associated with a delivery option and how do we measure this equally across the sector?Thuiswinkel.org is conducting research on how to encourage consumers to make sustainable delivery choices in the check-out.These

219、 outcomes will be presented in June 2023.What is currently happening regarding returns and/or repairs and their impact on sustainability efforts?In the Netherlands,we are seeing an increase of online shops that charge return costs some a symbolic amount,others the full price.This is an enormous step

220、 in raising awareness that both delivery and returns are not free of charge.Products that are sent unnecessarily are a waste of space,effort and money.The market share of second-hand and second-chance is still growing.Not all retailers are yet prepared for such a sustainable change,which requires a

221、change in their business models.Via our research program,ShoppingTomorrow,we run expert groups that write papers to help online stores make the right choices.Technology:Have you seen a shift in digitalization and technology use among retailers in this last year?If so,what changes have retailers part

222、icularly SMEs made?Traditional bricks-and-mortar retailers were forced to sell online due to the lockdowns in the Covid-19 pandemic.Most of them chose to sell their products through a platform but now that the pandemic is over and consumers are choosing to shop in physical stores more frequently,the

223、y need to optimize their technology.Which technologies such as AI,VR and big data are Dutch e-commerce industry players focusing on in 2023?It appears that many e-commerce players are focusing on using AI and ChatGPT.This poses both opportunities and threats in the light of marketing and personaliza

224、tion.Data remains an important subject among online shops because they need to“A growing cross-section of society seems to be demanding that online shops charge consumers a fee for returning items”30|Europe E-Commerce Report 2023|Western Europe|Netherlands NetherlandsInterviewMarlene ten HamGeneral

225、Manager,Thuiswinkel.orgContinued on the next pageknow what drives their consumers urge to buy.Companies are also experimenting with ChatGPT to improve their Product Information Management,as well as a way of providing new ideas and inspiration for content on their websites.Current events and e-comme

226、rce:There have been reports that direct-to-consumer European e-commerce has grown substantially.Has this been the case in your market?Although we cannot yet back this up with figures,we are indeed seeing an increase in the number of companies going direct-to-consumer.A good opportunity to increase b

227、rand awareness and collect first-party data.Have you seen any specific direct or indirect impacts on your e-commerce market resulting from the war in Ukraine?Since the war in Ukraine,the Netherlands has seen a drop in consumer confidence,increased gas prices,inflation and the problematic supply of g

228、oods.Despite this,Dutch consumers spent 33.3bn online in 2022,a growth of 9%compared to 2021.This increase in spending is striking,since the number of purchases actually fell by 5%to 347mn.What would you say are the leading reasons for significant changes in e-commerce purchasing among consumers?Thi

229、s is partly explained by the difference in market conditions:there was no lockdown in Q4 2022(in Q4 2021 there was a lockdown with accompanying travel restrictions)and in Q1 2022,it was shorter than the lockdown in Q1 2021.As a result,Dutch consumers bought more in the services category.However,we d

230、id face new crises:the war in Ukraine,the energy crisis and high inflation.The increase in the services sector is mainly caused by the many purchases of tickets for attractions and events and travel-related purchases.We also purchased insurance online more often in 2022 than in 2021,and at a higher

231、price.“Since the war in Ukraine,the Netherlands has seen a drop in consumer confidence,increased gas prices,inflation and the problematic supply of goods”Continued from previous page31|Europe E-Commerce Report 2023|Western Europe|Netherlands Netherlands Internet usage201820192020202120222023(F)95%96

232、%98%99%99%99%Percentage of the population accessing the internetSOURCE:EUROSTAT,DATAREPORTAL32|Europe E-Commerce Report 2023|Western Europe|United Kingdom United Kingdom E-Shoppers2018201920202021202287%91%92%94%95%96%Percentage of internet users who bought goods or services onlineSOURCE:EUROSTAT,ST

233、ATISTA100%50%2023(F)100%50%Google:93%SOURCE:STATCOUNTER Search engine market shareMost popular search engines in 2022bing:5%Yahoo!:2%Other:1%This is the Light Version of the Report.The Full Version is only available to Ecommerce Europes and EuroCommerces members and policymakers.This is the Light Ve

234、rsion of the Report.The Full Version is only available to Ecommerce Europes and EuroCommerces members and policymakers.B2C e-commerce turnover(bn)GDP and E-GDP(bn)Currency:pound|VAT:20%33|Europe E-Commerce Report 2023|Northern Europe Northern Europe Internet usage201820192020202120222023(F)94%96%96%

235、97%97%97%Percentage of the population accessing the internetSOURCE:EUROSTAT,DATAREPORTAL100%50%E-Shoppers2018201920202021202278%79%82%86%85%86%Percentage of internet users who bought goods or services onlineSOURCE:EUROSTAT,STATISTA2023(F)100%50%After this report had been published,an update to Eston

236、ias 2021 B2C e-commerce figures on page 36 was made.While Estonias page shows accurate figures,this regional B2C e-commerce data(page 33)has not been updated to reflect these changes.As a result of this update,there are slight discrepancies on this regional page compared to page 36.This is the Light

237、 Version of the Report.The Full Version is only available to Ecommerce Europes and EuroCommerces members and policymakers.B2C e-commerce turnover(bn)GDP and E-GDP(bn)Internet usage201820192020202120222023(F)98%97%99%99%98%98%Percentage of the population accessing the internetSOURCE:EUROSTAT,DATAREPO

238、RTAL34|Europe E-Commerce Report 2023|Northern Europe|Denmark Denmark E-Shoppers2018201920202021202286%86%90%92%90%89%Percentage of internet users who bought goods or services onlineSOURCE:EUROSTAT,STATISTA100%50%2023(F)100%50%Google:94%SOURCE:STATCOUNTER Search engine market shareMost popular search

239、 engines in 2022bing:4%Yahoo!:1%Other:1%This is the Light Version of the Report.The Full Version is only available to Ecommerce Europes and EuroCommerces members and policymakers.This is the Light Version of the Report.The Full Version is only available to Ecommerce Europes and EuroCommerces members

240、 and policymakers.B2C e-commerce turnover(bn)GDP and E-GDP(bn)Currency:krone|VAT:25%Policies and regulation:What national policies,if any,are being considered in your market that will likely have an impact on e-commerce?Policies in Denmark on VAT,sustainability,online payments and consumer protectio

241、n are mainly in-line with EU directives and regulations.However,the Consumer Ombudsman is very strict in her enforcement of Danish rules on consumer protection in areas such as reservation of payment on credit cards and Green Claims.How have some relevant EU policies,such as Right to Repair and Gree

242、n Claims,affected the Danish e-commerce market?The EU VAT regulation serves to minimize competition on VAT rates in cross-border ecommerce,which is advantageous for Danish ecommerce due to a national VAT rate of 25%.The Danish Chamber of Commerce published a guidebook on how to comply with the Green

243、 Claims regulations and more guidebooks on sustainability will be published during 2023.The ongoing debate(Shremms)and regulation on GDPR,cookies and privacy are also being closely monitored but so far,we have many more questions than answers.Sustainability:What is currently happening in Denmark reg

244、arding sustainable transportation efforts?Webshops are generally focused on using less packaging,smaller parcels and more sustainable packaging materials.In urban areas,use of electric vans and bikes for final-mile deliveries is growing,while a Nordic trustmark on green delivery Svanemaerket has bee

245、n introduced.However,since consumers in general not are willing to pay extra fees for greener delivery,we doubt this trust mark will be widely used by webshops.What is currently happening in Denmark regarding returns and/or repairs and their impact on sustainability efforts?While returns remain on t

246、he same level as in previous years,more shops now offer refurbed products,while second-hand products are being sold online through the Danish Red Cross,Trendsales and so on.So far,not much has happened about repairs in Denmark.Technology:Have you seen a shift in digitalization and technology use amo

247、ng retailers in this last year?If so,what changes have retailers particularly SMEs made?Email marketing and personalization are growing,while live-shopping is currently at a slightly lower level than it was during Covid-19 lockdowns.Spending on marketing has declined slightly,especially on affiliate

248、 marketing.Which technologies such as AI,VR and big data are Danish e-commerce industry players focusing on in 2023?The use of big data and AI is growing,especially now when the customers arent spending very much.The need for higher data quality and precise access to customers are essential.Software

249、 as a Service(SaaS)apps offer easy and affordable use of data,so are being widely adopted,even by smaller businesses.Have there been any changes in your market due to disruptive technologies such as ChatGPT?ChatGPT is being used,or at least tested,across a wide range of areas,from Product Informatio

250、n Management(PIM)to online customer chats.Yet many companies and government offices have security concerns around the use of AI,as seen with the recent ban of the TikTok app on many work-and government-related smartphones.Current events and e-commerce:There have been reports that direct-to-consumer

251、European e-commerce has grown substantially.Has this been the case in your market?We believe there has been a growth in D2C,although we havent yet been able to quantify that.When we do,we are expecting it to impact the smaller webshops who depend on selling well-known brands,if and when the brands t

252、hemselves start selling directly to consumers.Have you seen any specific direct or indirect impacts on your e-commerce market resulting from the war in Ukraine?We have seen a general decline in spending due to increased uncertainty about the future.Also,inflation and higher interest rate have result

253、ed in less consumer spending.Have there been any changes or updates in Denmark regarding payment and delivery preferences or behaviors?The use of mobile instead of card has risen so much that Denmark is now seeing wallet payments such as MobilePay and Apple Pay outstrip credit and debit card payment

254、s.Click and collect is growing,since it is usually the cheapest solution for the customer.Are there any e-commerce trends specific or unique to the Danish market?A general consolidation and stabilization of earnings rather than business growth has seen a focus on running businesses more efficiently

255、and professionally.This is in response to activity and growth in number of sales throughout 2022 being broadly the same as in years up to 2019,yet the average basket size being smaller as consumers put a greater importance on the price of everything.“Spending on marketing has declined slightly,espec

256、ially on affiliate marketing”35|Europe E-Commerce Report 2023|Northern Europe|Denmark DenmarkInterviewNiels RalundEcommerce Director,Dansk Erhverv(Danish Chamber of Commerce)Internet usage201820192020202120222023(F)90%91%90%92%92%92%Percentage of the population accessing the internetSOURCE:EUROSTAT,

257、DATAREPORTAL36|Europe E-Commerce Report 2023|Northern Europe|Estonia Estonia E-Shoppers2018201920202021202268%75%76%77%77%79%Percentage of internet users who bought goods or services onlineSOURCE:EUROSTAT,STATISTA100%50%2023(F)100%50%Google:95%SOURCE:STATCOUNTER Search engine market shareMost popula

258、r search engines in 2022bing:2%YANDEX:1%Other:1%This is the Light Version of the Report.The Full Version is only available to Ecommerce Europes and EuroCommerces members and policymakers.This is the Light Version of the Report.The Full Version is only available to Ecommerce Europes and EuroCommerces

259、 members and policymakers.B2C e-commerce turnover(bn)GDP and E-GDP(bn)Currency:euro|VAT:20%Policies and regulation:What national policies,if any,are being considered in your market that will likely have an impact on e-commerce?A waste law,which imposes a reporting obligation on small businesses,is a

260、dministratively burdensome for small businesses.It is being implemented due to a lack of control around discounts and deliveries of cross-border companies,as well as to control the declaration and payment of VAT to Estonia.How have some relevant EU policies,such as Right to Repair and Green Claims,a

261、ffected your e-commerce market?The Right to Repair law raises many questions:where are the companies tasked to repair products,who recommends them and who controls the work they do?Many products are not repaired today since it is not practical to do so.Then there is the risk that it is actually more

262、 useful to a customer to get a new product and for a business to deliver them one.Sustainability:What is currently happening in Estonia regarding sustainable transportation efforts?Sustainability is the future and certainly a hot topic yet again,there are a lot of unanswered questions.There are many

263、 prohibitions and recommendations,yet there are no substitutes being offered.For example,more environmentally friendly packaging materials and shipping methods can be many times more expensive but the consumer is not interested in paying for it.There are few substitutes as cheap as a plastic bag.Tec

264、hnology:Which technologies such as AI,VR and big data are Estonian e-commerce industry players focusing on in 2023?Omnichannel is certainly on the rise,combining the bricks-and-mortar store with an online store into one customer journey,simplifying and optimizing overall processes.As well as AI,VR a

265、nd other technologies,chat,improving user comfort and accessibility are other issues,as are delivery speed and automatic returns.Buy now,pay later has also become the new normal across various sectors of Estonian e-commerce.Current events and e-commerce:What would you say are the leading reasons for

266、 significant changes in e-commerce purchasing among consumers?The convenience that comes with an ability to shop around the world,combined with speedy and easy returns and,of course,the lower prices that e-commerce often offers.Are there any e-commerce trends specific to your market?Estonians believ

267、e in parcel machines and bank links.70%of purchases are ordered to a parcel machine and payment is made using a bank link.60%of e-commerce orders are from Estonian webstores,while 40%are from cross-border e-shops.“Omnichannel is certainly on the rise,combining the bricks-and-mortar store with an onl

268、ine store into one customer journey”37|Europe E-Commerce Report 2023|Northern Europe|Estonia EstoniaInterviewTnu VtCEO,Estonian E-commerce Association Internet usage201820192020202120222023(F)95%95%97%97%98%98%Percentage of the population accessing the internetSOURCE:EUROSTAT,DATAREPORTAL38|Europe E

269、-Commerce Report 2023|Northern Europe|Finland Finland E-Shoppers2018201920202021202274%77%78%81%81%81%Percentage of internet users who bought goods or services onlineSOURCE:EUROSTAT,STATISTA100%50%2023(F)100%50%Google:94%SOURCE:STATCOUNTER Search engine market shareMost popular search engines in 202

270、2bing:3%DuckDuckGo:1%Other:2%This is the Light Version of the Report.The Full Version is only available to Ecommerce Europes and EuroCommerces members and policymakers.This is the Light Version of the Report.The Full Version is only available to Ecommerce Europes and EuroCommerces members and policy

271、makers.B2C e-commerce turnover(bn)GDP and E-GDP(bn)Currency:euro|VAT:24%Policies and regulation:What national policies,if any,are being considered in your market that will likely have an impact on e-commerce?There were several policy proposals introduced in a 2022 government report on the future of

272、the retail sector that could have positive impacts on the sector.These include support for innovation ecosystems and RDI funding,skills development for digital and omnichannel sales,a state-driven e-commerce development program,improved e-commerce logistics and addressing regulatory barriers for mar

273、ket entry.While this report didnt go through parliament before national elections in April 2023 due to lack of time,we are hopeful that the new government will take many of its proposals forward.How have some relevant EU policies,such as Right to Repair and Green Claims,affected the Finnish e-commer

274、ce market?The influx of new and upcoming legislation around digital consumer rights,accessibility,sustainability and environment is burdensome for all businesses,especially for e-commerce players in cross-border consumer trade.This is not to say that these new rules arent necessary but that our conc

275、ern is that their uneven implementation undermines the functioning of the single market,while any benefits to the consumers remain unclear.At the same time,DSA,DMA and other regulations have tackled some of the problems related to fair competition between EU and non-EU traders,which we are happy abo

276、ut.Sustainability:What is currently happening in your market regarding sustainable transportation efforts?There is a lot happening with the digitalization of logistics,which aims to reduce emissions while also supporting sustainable growth.Due to Finlands long distances and sparse population,results

277、 can be harder to achieve than in some other parts of Europe.From an e-commerce perspective,packaging waste from products ordered by Finnish consumers from abroad has become an issue,since those sellers often neglect their extended producer responsibility obligations.What is currently happening in F

278、inland regarding returns and/or repairs and their impact on sustainability efforts?Were seeing increasing demand and supply for second-hand,repaired and refurbished products,while the consumers willingness to consider renting instead of buying products is also growing.There are still several growth

279、bottlenecks,though.To help companies overcome these,an online playbook titled Circular Economy in Retail was published on the Finnish Commerce Federations website in May 2023.This was funded by the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Economy and Employment and was executed by a group of cons

280、ultants in cooperation with our association.In the last three years,customer returns have grown,with the share of online consumers sending back clothes increasing up to 75%from pre-pandemic levels.So far,discussions on policy measures to reduce such returns have been insufficient.Technology:Have you

281、 seen a shift in digitalization and technology use among retailers in this last year?If so,what changes have retailers particularly SMEs made?Social commerce on social media platforms and live shopping are still relatively unpopular and even unknown among Finnish consumers compared even to other Nor

282、dic countries and well behind the likes of Asian and US consumers.On the other hand,influencer marketing is reaching potential customers better than before.Around 18%of consumers say they have recently bought a product based on an influencers recommendation.Which technologies such as AI,VR and big d

283、ata are Finnish e-commerce industry players focusing on in 2023?Its hard to predict which new technologies will make a breakthrough among Finnish e-commerce players and consumers.In any case,customer data,combined with algorithmic and AI-based solutions,is creating opportunities for e-commerce.Consu

284、mers can be offered not only products and services they need but information on things such as their carbon footprint.Logistics can also be improved by AI.Have there been any changes in your market due to disruptive technologies such as ChatGPT?Theres certainly a lot of noise around generative artif

285、icial intelligence this year,like there was around the metaverse last year.These phenomena have so far had limited impacts on the e-commerce market in Finland,apart from the emergence of smarter chatbots.However,when the technologies mature and new use cases are discovered,this situation is likely t

286、o change.Current events and e-commerce:There have been reports that direct-to-consumer European e-commerce has grown substantially.Has this been the case in your market?Cross-border online shopping has increased in absolute numbers and in relation to domestic online sales,although its not clear to w

287、hat extent this includes growth in D2C commerce.At the same time,this business model creates new opportunities for Finnish companies.Businesses have also been assisted in boosting D2C sales,for example,by the Experience Commerce Finland program,which runs until the end of 2023.Have you seen any spec

288、ific direct or indirect impacts on your e-commerce market resulting from the war in Ukraine?The overall economic situation,including high inflation and energy prices driven by Russias war on Ukraine,has limited the possibilities for non-essential consumption.It is hard to“Influencer marketing is rea

289、ching potential customers better than before”39|Europe E-Commerce Report 2023|Northern Europe|Finland FinlandInterviewIlari KallioChief Policy Adviser,Finnish Commerce FederationContinued on the next pagesay how much of an impact this has had specifically on Finnish e-commerce,though.Have there been

290、 any changes in Finland regarding payment and delivery preferences or behaviors?While available payment methods are diversifying,bank transfers,along with credit and debit cards,are still used for over half of all payments.Options such as digital wallets and mobile and instant payment applications a

291、re available,yet they still rely mainly on credit cards issued by the major players in the market.Buy now,pay later payment services are gaining popularity in the Nordics.E-commerce deliveries to pickup points instead of home deliveries are relatively more popular in Finland than in many other EU me

292、mber states.What would you say are the leading reasons for significant changes in e-commerce purchasing among consumers?After years of substantial annual growth of 10%on average,peaking at around 20%during the Covid-19 pandemic,e-commerce sales declined in value by just over 6%for the first time in

293、2022,despite the number of online shoppers increasing slightly.Unfortunately,it was domestic e-commerce taking the hit by losing 12%of their sales in value,down to 60%marketshare,while purchases from abroad increased by more than 4%.There are many possible reasons for this,such as customers returnin

294、g to physical stores and high price sensitivity of Finnish consumers,together with the high inflation.The e-commerce market has also matured,so future growth is forecast to remain at lower level than before.Are there any e-commerce trends specific to your market?Overall,Finnish consumers are active

295、users of digital tools and services.Against this background,its noteworthy that the number of consumers searching for information online prior to major purchases is decreasing,even if they are more interested in factors such as sustainability than before.And did you know that although physical store

296、s can,and do,stay open seven days a week,online shopping is most popular on Sundays and on evenings around 9pm?“Its noteworthy that the number of consumers searching for information online prior to major purchases is decreasing”40|Europe E-Commerce Report 2023|Northern Europe|Finland FinlandContinue

297、d from previous page Internet usage201820192020202120222023(F)99%99%99%100%100%100%Percentage of the population accessing the internetSOURCE:EUROSTAT,DATAREPORTAL41|Europe E-Commerce Report 2023|Northern Europe|Iceland Iceland E-Shoppers2018201920202021202276%80%83%85%87%88%Percentage of internet us

298、ers who bought goods or services onlineSOURCE:EUROSTAT,STATISTA100%50%2023(F)100%50%Google:94%SOURCE:STATCOUNTER Search engine market shareMost popular search engines in 2022bing:4%DuckDuckGo:1%Other:1%This is the Light Version of the Report.The Full Version is only available to Ecommerce Europes an

299、d EuroCommerces members and policymakers.This is the Light Version of the Report.The Full Version is only available to Ecommerce Europes and EuroCommerces members and policymakers.B2C e-commerce turnover(bn)GDP and E-GDP(bn)Currency:krona|VAT:24%Internet usage201820192020202120222023(F)85%87%90%92%9

300、2%92%Percentage of the population accessing the internetSOURCE:EUROSTAT,DATAREPORTAL42|Europe E-Commerce Report 2023|Northern Europe|Latvia Latvia E-Shoppers2018201920202021202253%54%63%67%67%69%Percentage of internet users who bought goods or services onlineSOURCE:EUROSTAT,STATISTA100%50%2023(F)80%

301、40%Google:95%SOURCE:STATCOUNTER Search engine market shareMost popular search engines in 2022bing:3%Other:2%Currency:euro|VAT:21%This is the Light Version of the Report.The Full Version is only available to Ecommerce Europes and EuroCommerces members and policymakers.This is the Light Version of the

302、 Report.The Full Version is only available to Ecommerce Europes and EuroCommerces members and policymakers.B2C e-commerce turnover(bn)GDP and E-GDP(bn)Internet usage201820192020202120222023(F)81%82%84%88%88%89%Percentage of the population accessing the internetSOURCE:EUROSTAT,DATAREPORTAL43|Europe E

303、-Commerce Report 2023|Northern Europe|Lithuania Lithuania E-Shoppers2018201920202021202254%59%64%69%68%69%Percentage of internet users who bought goods or services onlineSOURCE:EUROSTAT,STATISTA100%50%2023(F)80%40%Google:95%SOURCE:STATCOUNTER Search engine market shareMost popular search engines in

304、2022bing:3%Other:2%Currency:euro|VAT:21%This is the Light Version of the Report.The Full Version is only available to Ecommerce Europes and EuroCommerces members and policymakers.This is the Light Version of the Report.The Full Version is only available to Ecommerce Europes and EuroCommerces members

305、 and policymakers.B2C e-commerce turnover(bn)GDP and E-GDP(bn)Internet usage201820192020202120222023(F)98%99%98%100%100%100%Percentage of the population accessing the internetSOURCE:EUROSTAT,DATAREPORTAL44|Europe E-Commerce Report 2023|Northern Europe|Norway Norway E-Shoppers2018201920202021202281%8

306、3%87%92%92%93%Percentage of internet users who bought goods or services onlineSOURCE:EUROSTAT,STATISTA100%50%2023(F)100%50%Google:97%SOURCE:STATCOUNTER Search engine market shareMost popular search engines in 2022bing:2%Other:1%Currency:krone|VAT:25%This is the Light Version of the Report.The Full V

307、ersion is only available to Ecommerce Europes and EuroCommerces members and policymakers.This is the Light Version of the Report.The Full Version is only available to Ecommerce Europes and EuroCommerces members and policymakers.B2C e-commerce turnover(bn)GDP and E-GDP(bn)Policies and regulation:What

308、 national policies are being considered in your market that will likely have an impact on e-commerce?On 1 October 2023,the declaration exemption for consignments of low value will be abolished,which means that all goods bought by Norwegian customers from online marketplaces and shops abroad will hav

309、e to be declared and checked for VAT,as well as registered in VOEC(VAT on e-commerce)How have some relevant EU policies,such as right to repair and green claims,affected your e-commerce market?Dir.EU 2019/2161 contains new and stricter rules on the before prices for sales,offers and price campaigns(

310、sales marketing).There is a requirement that the pre-price must be explicitly stated in the sales marketing,when no such requirement currently applies.Stricter requirements are also being introduced for the use of customer reviews.Webshops must make sure that reviews are genuine and entered by actua

311、l people who have purchased the relevant product or services being commented on.Sustainability:What is currently happening in Norway regarding sustainable transportation efforts?A national strategy for electric charging is being proposed by the government that supports electric vehicles through the

312、VAT and tax system.The trend in e-commerce is more use of bicycle couriers and electric cars for the delivery of goods.What is currently happening in Norway regarding returns and/or repairs and their impact on sustainability efforts?Producers and sellers are required to take part in Extended Produce

313、r Responsibility,while a new EPR is being organized for textiles by Virke.There is also a large increase in companies starting to rent out products rather than sell them,as well as companies selling second-hand and refurbished products.Technology:Which technologies such as AI,VR and big data are Nor

314、wegian e-commerce industry players focusing on in 2023?AI and data sharing are hot topics,while ChatGPT has received a lot of attention in recent months.Some retailers and suppliers are conducting beta tests and exploring its possibilities.Current events and e-commerce:There have been reports that d

315、irect-to-consumer European e-commerce has grown substantially.Has this been the case in your market?E-commerce increased by 30%between 2020 and 2022.While the trend is continuing driven by retail omnichannel the rate of change has slowed over 2023.Have you seen any specific direct or indirect impact

316、s on your e-commerce market resulting from the war in Ukraine?Like the other European countries,Norway is experiencing historically high interest rates and inflation because of the situation in Ukraine.It has also resulted that the Norwegian currency being greatly weakened.More specifically for the

317、ecommerce-business,the war has probably mostly affected IT companies due to their high dependence before the war on staff and developers from Ukraine and Russia.Have there been any changes or updates in Norway regarding payment and delivery preferences or behaviors?Vipps(digital wallet)is increasing

318、 rapidly.So is home express delivery by final-mile deliverers such as Foodora and Wolt,however this is only in the biggest cities.What would you say are the leading reasons for significant changes in e-commerce purchasing among consumers?Many dealers are experiencing a decline after the pandemic.Whi

319、le this trend was expected,it has nevertheless come suddenly on many companies.Are there any e-commerce trends specific to your market?Despite live shopping being predicted to grow strongly,this really has not happened in Norway.Omnichannel companies are taking market share online,while small online

320、 stores face the greater challenge of just surviving the current market conditions.“Webshops must make sure that reviews are genuine and entered by actual people who have purchased the relevant product or services being commented on”45|Europe E-Commerce Report 2023|Northern Europe|Norway NorwayInter

321、viewMarianne BjarstadGeneral Manager,Virke Digitalhandel Internet usage201820192020202120222023(F)93%98%97%97%97%97%Percentage of the population accessing the internetSOURCE:EUROSTAT,DATAREPORTAL46|Europe E-Commerce Report 2023|Northern Europe|Sweden Sweden E-Shoppers2018201920202021202284%84%86%89%

322、88%89%Percentage of internet users who bought goods or services onlineSOURCE:EUROSTAT,STATISTA100%50%2023(F)100%50%Google:93%SOURCE:STATCOUNTER Search engine market shareMost popular search engines in 2022bing:4%Yahoo!:1%Other:1%Currency:krona|VAT:25%This is the Light Version of the Report.The Full

323、Version is only available to Ecommerce Europes and EuroCommerces members and policymakers.This is the Light Version of the Report.The Full Version is only available to Ecommerce Europes and EuroCommerces members and policymakers.B2C e-commerce turnover(bn)GDP and E-GDP(bn)Policies and regulation:Wha

324、t national policies,if any,are being considered in your market that will likely have an impact on e-commerce?Theres a discussion that within the directive of distance marketing of consumer financial services,a right of withdrawal function might be introduced that covers the entire consumer rights di

325、rective.This must be visible and accessible throughout the right of withdrawal period,although without the requirement that this must be on the“same online interface”.How have some relevant EU policies,such as Right to Repair and Green Claims,affected your e-commerce market?All of these coming EU le

326、gislations will have an effect on all retail trade,including e-commerce.There are no legislations specifically for the e-commerce sector.Sustainability:What is currently happening in Sweden regarding returns and/or repairs and their impact on sustainability efforts?There is a discussion driven by th

327、e employees organizations whether or not there should be free returns.The Swedish Trade Federation is of the opinion that this would lead to more consumption by foreign retailers,often from third countries where the sustainability ambitions are significantly lower.Current events and e-commerce:There

328、 have been reports that direct-to-consumer European e-commerce has grown substantially.Has this been the case in your market?The Swedish Trade Federations E-commerce indicator for the month of April 2023 shows that e-commerce turnover,measured by Swedish consumers e-commerce from Swedish players alo

329、ne,decreased by 2%compared to the same month last year and by 5%if e-commerce from abroad is also included.What would you say are the leading reasons for significant changes in e-commerce purchasing among consumers?The trend so far this year is that e-commerce has developed somewhat weaker than in 2

330、022 and significantly weaker than in 2021.However,the sales trend in volume is much weaker,which is not clearly reflected in current prices due to the continued high inflation.The e-commerce indicator does not measure volume sales development but by comparison,it saw increased sales in the entire re

331、tail trade(sales in both stores and e-commerce)in March 2023 by 0.7%in current prices,while falling by as much as 10.9%in volume.The development in only the consumer goods trade is even worse,decreasing 13.7%in volume.Both the percentage of consumers who shopped online and the average purchase amoun

332、t per e-commerce consumer fell in April compared to the same month in 2022.Among those who e-shop,many also shop in fewer product categories than last year.Yet some sectors resisted the negative trend during the beginning of the year,including clothes and shoes.However,this resistance seems to be de

333、clining and even industries that started out with positive growth figures currently appear to be slowing down the further into the year we get.“The trend so far this year is that e-commerce has developed somewhat weaker than in 2022 and significantly weaker than in 2021”47|Europe E-Commerce Report 2023|Northern Europe|Sweden SwedenInterviewMartina ElfgrenDirector International Affairs,Swedish Trad