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1、February 2024 Quantum Information Annual Report Series2024Global Quantum Precision Measurement Industry Development ProspectForeward1As the second year of publishing the Quantum Precision Measurement industry report,the 2024 edition of the report covers technologies and products such as Quantum Cloc

2、ks,Quantum Magnetometers,Quantum Gravimeters,and Quantum Radar,etc.As we have already covered these major technologies in the 2023 edition of the Quantum Precision Measurement report,in this report,we are focusing on the major advances in Quantum Precision Measurement technologies and their impacts

3、on the various sectors in the past year.Our aim in producing industry research reports is to provide policy makers,research developers,business people and others with key informational references,as well as our viewpoints,to support them in making informed decisions in this rapidly changing technolo

4、gical and business environment.This report presents a multidimensional view of the current state of the quantum precision measurement field,as well as future trends,through in-depth technology assessment and market analysis.We systematically introduce the specific progress of different quantum measu

5、rement technologies or products and their upstream fields in 2023 from the perspective of the whole system,and give corresponding forecasts of future development directions for their different progress.At the same time,this report gives specific application scenarios for the current as well as futur

6、e development of different quantum precision measurement devices based on the perspective of industrial development.The wide application in the downstream market not only signifies the great utility of quantum for precision measurement and metrology science,but also heralds new business opportunitie

7、s and challenges for suppliers in the industry.ForewardICV Frontier Technology Consulting Director,Senior Vice President Jude Green2With the advancement of technology and the development of the industry,in this report,we focus more on the commercialization of quantum precision measurement technology

8、,including market potential,outlook on industry applications,and major challenges and opportunities.We believe that the development of quantum precision measurement technology will not only be a scientific breakthrough,but also an important force that will gradually change the way of life in our soc

9、iety.We look forward to witnessing with all readers the changes and achievements of quantum technology in the coming years,and thank you for your attention and support to our research work.DeclarationThe content and viewpoints presented in this report strive to be independent and objective.The infor

10、mation or opinions expressed herein do not constitute investment advice;therefore,please exercise caution when referring to them.This report aims to summarize and present significant events that occurred in the global quantum sub-sector technology and industry during the year 2023.It relies primaril

11、y on publicly available data and information,as well as the compilation of publicly accessible data.Additionally,it combines the global economic development status at the time of publication to provide predictive descriptions of potential short-term impacts.This report focuses on relevant content wi

12、thin the quantum sub-sector industry that occurred between January 1,2023,and December 31,2023,based on local time reporting and the time of initial event publication.Reports of the same content or highly similar content,if spanning across different years,are not considered significant events occurr

13、ing in 2023.The copyright of this report belongs to ICV TA&K and QUANTUMCHINA.Any form of use or dissemination,including but not limited to publications,websites,public accounts,or personal use of the content of this report,must be credited accordingly(2024 Global Precision Measurement Industry Deve

14、lopment Prospect R.ICV TA&K&QUANTUMCHINA.2024.02).The ultimate interpretation right of this report belongs to ICV TA&K and QUANTUMCHINA.Any individual or organization using the content of this report must refrain from making any references,deletions,or alterations that contradict the original intent

15、ion.Without written permission,no individual or organization shall reproduce,copy,publish,or print this report in any form.If permission is obtained for citation,reprinting,or publication,it must be within the permitted scope.Violators of the unauthorized use of this report will bear corresponding l

16、egal responsibilities.The purpose of quoting data,events,and viewpoints in this report is to collect and summarize information and does not imply endorsement of all viewpoints or accountability for their accuracy.This report involves dynamic data and presents the situation as of the time of statisti

17、cs;it does not represent future circumstances and does not constitute investment advice.Please use with caution.060107050204033This report is jointly authored and published by the Chinese quantum technology service platform,QUANTUMCHINA,in collaboration with ICV,a prominent global consulting firm sp

18、ecializing in advanced technology.We extend our gratitude to the following companies,among others,for their support in providing technical expertise and materials:Acknowledgements41.Overview of Industrial Development in 20232.Integrated Quantum Hardware3.Core Equipment and Components4.Industry Appli

19、cation5.Investment and Financing6.Supplier Evaluation7.Industry Analysis and Forecast8.Industry Outlook9.Appendix56123746617183 109 120ContentsOverview of Industrial Development in 20230101Overview of Industrial Development in 2023ContentsDevelopment Cycle of the IndustryIndustry Ecology OverviewInd

20、ustry Application Market010203Chapter oneOverview of Industrial Development in 20237In 2023,the field of quantum precision measurement shows diversity and decentralization.The development routes of various fields are diversified,from quantum gyroscopes to quantum electric field intensity meters to q

21、uantum accelerometers,each at a different stage,reflecting the diversity of scientific progress and application needs.There are differences in the maturity of quantum sensors for different physical quantities,with quantum gyroscopes yet to show their advantages,and quantum electric field intensity m

22、eters relatively mature,with gaps reflecting different technical challenges and commercial applications.Chapter oneOverview of Industrial Development in 2023Development Cycle in the Industry01Figure:Development cycle of the precision measurement industry in 2023|Version Feb 2024After the old competi

23、tive pattern of the industry is stabilized,a new round of technological innovation begins to breedA few companies explore new products and service models,while most customers and participants hold a wait-and-see attitudeCustomer demand matches industry supply,and industry triggers begin to appearNum

24、ber of customers,frequency and value of purchases are close to peaksContinuous consolidation among enterprises,market clearance,the industry is gradually entering the stage of long-term stabilitySensor Industry ProfitTechnology maturityQuantum Superiority Exploration PhaseLaboratory prototype demons

25、tration phaseSpecialized quantum sensor stageIndustrial Quantum Sensor PhaseConsumer-grade quantum sensor stageQuantum GyroscopeQuantum ClocksQuantum MagnetometersQuantum GravimeterQuantum-Enhanced radarQuantum Electric Field GaugeQuantum AccelerometerStartups and a large number of research institut

26、ions have begun to join the hardware R&D ranks,prototype size,power than the classic sensorQuantum electric field intensity meter technology is relatively mature,only lack of relevant standards;quantum accelerometer has engineering prototype.Representative companies:M Squared,TZH QuantumInitial proo

27、f-of-concept led by established sensor companies and startupsQuantum gyroscopes have not yet demonstrated quantum advantages over classic gyroscopes such as MEMS in practical applicationsRepresentative companies:North Groumman,Twinleaf,AOSenseSpecialized quantum sensors of various technical routes a

28、re emerging,and have greater advantages over classical sensors in some parameters.The products at this stage have the advantages of high dynamic reliability,high precision,high imaging resolution and strong anti-interference ability.Representative companies:CHINAPROSP Quantum,Mugaltech,CAS Cold Atom

29、Sensors began to miniaturize,integration,parameter indicators compared to the classic sensors have an order of magnitude advantageThis stage is mainly driven by the demand of new downstream application scenarios to further refine the industry chain,the upstream of the industry chain to increase the

30、right to speak,the production line expansion until the balance of supply and demand.Representative companies:ELECSPN,MicrochipA new fully integrated measurement solution that can be used with classical systems,adapted to quantum sensor networks,chip-enabled,handheld,and with parameters that are thre

31、e orders of magnitude better than classical sensors.Under the premise of cost control,quantum sensors and classical sensors are mostly substitutes,and a few will coexist with classical sensors in a complementary way.Decline PhasePeriod of TransformationInitiation PhaseGrowth PhaseMaturity Phase8Indu

32、stry Ecology OverviewFigure:Quantum Precision Measurement Industry Ecology Overview02|Version Feb 2024Empowerment TechnologyCryogenicsMeasurement and Control DevicesVacuum SystemsMagnetsLaserSingle Photon DetectorMaterialsTime Measurement EquipmentMagnetic Field Measurement EquipmentOthersObject-Rec

33、ognition EquipmentInertial Measuring EquipmentGravimetric EquipmentSatellite NavigationMilitary DefenseMedical CareCorrespondScientific ResearchIntegrated MachineIndustry ApplicationsChapter oneOverview of Industrial Development in 20239The downstream application market of quantum precision measurem

34、ent technology in various fields shows a broad prospect.From 2023 to 2035,the demand for quantum precision measurement in different fields grows gradually,showing diversified application scenarios.Firstly,for some low-market-scale applications,such as network time and frequency management and mental

35、 health treatment,although the market size is relatively small,the high accuracy and sensitivity of quantum precision measurement brings more accurate data and solutions to these fields,providing an opportunity for the gradual commercialization of the technology.Especially in areas such as Alzheimer

36、s disease treatment and climate change fighting,the precise diagnosis and data collection capability of quantum precision measurement will become a key technology in the future,driving innovation and development in these areas.Second,as the technology continues to mature,areas of large-scale commerc

37、ialization will also gradually rise in the coming years.For example,the demand for high-precision measurements in the fields of air traffic control radar,satellite-less navigation,satellite navigation,etc.is gradually increasing,and quantum precision measurement technology will play a more important

38、 role in these fields.And in the field of deep sea exploration,battery improvement,intelligent driving,etc.,the high sensitivity and high precision of quantum precision measurement will become a booster for technological breakthroughs,providing impetus for the continuous upgrading of the industry.Fi

39、nally,between 2023 and 2030,the application of quantum radar technology will also gradually expand.Quantum radars high resolution and high sensitivity give it a unique advantage in areas such as defense and security,environmental/energy monitoring,and air traffic management radar.It is expected that

40、 with further development of the technology,quantum radar will become an important part of next-generation radar technology in the future.03Industry Application MarketChapter oneOverview of Industrial Development in 202310Figure:Overview of Precision Measurement Industry Application Timeline and Mar

41、ket SizeSignificantLarge ModerateSmallMinimal 2023202720302035Mental health therapiesImproved batteriesDementia managementBrain-computer interfacelmagersMagnetic sensorsGravity,acceleration and rotation sensorsAtom ClockBrainimagingDefence&SecurityCombating climate changeQuantum radarAugmented Reali

42、ty and Virtual Reality ProductsIntelligent drivingEnyironment/energy(CCS/oil/gas/mining)Network lnfrastructureNavigation without satelliesDeep-sea explorationCivil engineering(transport/housing/utility repairs)Conventianal radars forsater air traffic controlPrecisian agriculture(u/ground water)Netwo

43、rk managementFintechSatellite navigation|Version Feb 2024Chapter oneOverview of Industrial Development in 202311Integrated Quantum Hardware02Chapter twoIntegrated Quantum Hardware02Integrated Quantum HardwareContentsQuantum ClockQuantum MagnetometerQuantum GravimeterQuantum Accelerometer&GyroscopeQu

44、antum RadarQuantum Field Strength MeterAlgorithm&Software&Platform0102030405060713Advances in quantum clock measurements in 2023Rubidium/Cesium/Hydrogen ClocksMicrochip Releases Model 5071B Cesium Atomic Clock That Provides 100 ns Accurate Time Maintenance for Months After Loss of Satellite Signal;A

45、dtran Oscilloquartz introduces a new synchronization solution using satellite time and positioning technology that ensures restoration of functionality even when satellite signals are lost.CPT Atom ClockChinas first chip-scale atomic clock production line was inaugurated in HXT with an annual produc

46、tion capacity of up to 30,000 units.Cold Atomic ClockInfleqtions atomic clock,Tiqker,has won the Military+Aerospace Electronics Innovator Platinum Award.The product is an atomic frequency reference with the potential for a wide range of applications in several fields,including smart grids,financial

47、time-stamping,scientific testing,and more.Optical Lattice ClockA research team from the University of Science and Technology of China(USTC)has successfully developed a strontium-atom optical lattice clock with 10,000-second stability and uncertainty better than 510-18(equivalent to billions of years

48、 with an error of no more than one second).This achievement lays an important technical foundation for the future realization of long-distance optical clock comparison,the establishment of ultra-high-precision optical frequency scale benchmarks and global optical clock networks.Quantum Clock01Quantu

49、m ClockAs a relatively mature quantum precision measurement product,atomic clocks offer highly accurate and stable time measurement capabilities.Currently,optical atomic clock technology is rapidly expanding its application areas,covering a wide range of industries such as railroad mobile communicat

50、ions,data centers,defense and scientific measurements.This trend shows that optical atomic clocks are not only excelling in scientific laboratories,but are also moving towards practical applications,providing accurate time measurement and synchronization services for different industries.Chapter two

51、Integrated Quantum Hardware14Overview of technical routesIn the development of atomic clocks,continuous performance improvement is one of the key trends.For optical atomic clocks,continuous improvement of frequency stability and longer hold time are the main directions of research and development.Th

52、is performance enhancement aims to meet the demand for higher precision and longer synchronization in different application areas,providing users with more reliable time references.The reliability and security of atomic clock technology in the face of GNSS vulnerabilities and cyber-attacks have beco

53、me the focus of industry attention.As reliance on the Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)increases,concerns about interference and attacks on it are on the rise.As a result,developments in atomic clock technology have not only worked to provide better performance,but have also emphasized securi

54、ng the system in the face of potential threats.This has prompted researchers and companies to invest more in technology upgrades and innovations to address the increasingly complex cybersecurity challenges.Rubidium and cesium clocks are currently the most mature and widely used atomic clock technolo

55、gy,mainly used in satellite navigation,military,communications and other fields,with a large market size,but because of its frequency stability and accuracy are limited by physical limits,it is difficult to meet the future demand for higher timekeeping.Optical clock is currently the most advanced an

56、d highest precision atomic clock technology,mainly used in scientific research,national timing,quantum information and other fields,the market size is smaller,but because of its frequency stability and accuracy is much higher than rubidium,cesium atomic clock,is expected to become the basis of the f

57、uture redefinition of the second.At present,the development direction of the atomic clock market is mainly affected by a number of factors,among which technological innovation is the main driving force to promote the development of the market.In terms of technological innovation,atomic clock technol

58、ogy has continuously made breakthroughs,reflected in the following key aspects.First of all,improving the frequency stability and accuracy of atomic clocks is a core goal of technological innovation.By constantly breaking through the physical limit,atomic clocks can meet the demand for higher precis

59、ion timekeeping,so that they can be more widely used in various fields.Secondly,reducing the volume,power consumption and cost of atomic clocks is another important direction of technological innovation.Realizing the miniaturization,integration and commercialization of atomic clocks will expand thei

60、r application areas,making them more suitable for diversified scenarios such as portable and handheld devices,and at the same time increasing the market scale.Chapter twoIntegrated Quantum Hardware15Laboratory Stability*Technical Advantages and DisadvantagesExamples of RepresentativeProduct Paramete

61、rsCategoryFigure:Quantum Clock Industrialization Development Status16Note:*is the stability under laboratory conditions,see references for source papers.9x10-14(Mei Ganghua,Institute of Precision Measurement,Chinese Academy of Sciences，2024）Mature technology base;Relatively low frequency stability,l

62、arge sizeModel：AR133-3Stability：5X10-11Rubidium ClockIsrael|Version Feb 20247x10-15(Xuan He，Peking University，2021）Mature technology base;Relatively low frequency stability,large sizeModel：5071BStability：8.5X10-13CesiumClockUSA6.69x10-16(Alexandr A.Belyaev,Vremya-CH,Russia,2019）Mature technology bas

63、e;relatively low frequency stability,large sizeModel：iMaser3000Stability：2X10-16HydrogenClockSwitzerland6.69x10-16(Xinwen Wang,Shanghai Institute of Optical Precision Machinery,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2019）High frequency stability,reduced coherent detuning;Complex low-temperature environmentsMod

64、el：AOS-CAFS-1-XStability：2x10-14Cold AtomicClockUSA6.69x10-16(Pan Jianwei,CSU,2022）Very high precision;Relatively complex and costly to build and maintainModel：Transportable Sr Optical Lattice Atomic ClockStability：5.5X10-18Optical LatticeClockJapan2x10-13(Zhang Shougang,National Timing Center,Chine

65、se Academy of Sciences,2021）Miniaturization and low power consumption;Lower in terms of long-term accuracyModel：XHTF1045Stability：3X10-11CPT AtomClockChinaAt the same time,the development of new types of atomic clocks is also an important direction of technological innovation.This includes the resea

66、rch and development of chip-scale optical atomic clocks,molecular clocks,etc.,and the exploration of new physical principles and technological pathways.These new types of atomic clocks are expected to provide brand new possibilities for the future development of atomic clocks and drive the market fo

67、rward.Chapter twoIntegrated Quantum HardwareAdvances in Quantum Magnetometry in 2023SQUID MagnetometerSomfits SQUID magnetoencephalograph has been approved by the U.S.Food and Drug Administration and is now on the market in the U.S.;CSHMEDI released MANDI Shimeis high sensitivity magnetoencephalogra

68、ph with a sensitivity of 5 fT/Hz,combined with high stability and high dynamic range;and through the development of an AI intelligent analysis model,the diagnostic accuracy of magnetoencephalography analysis has reached 87.8 percent.OPM MagnetometerGenetesis Introduces CardioFlux Noninvasive Cardiac

69、 Magnetometer to Identify Myocardial Ischemia in the Heart,Important for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Coronary Microvascular DiseaseSERF MagnetometerCHINMAG Technology for myocardial ischemia diagnostic aids has been approved by the Medical Device Registry and is now officially available on the market.T

70、he sensitivity of the device can reach up to one ten millionth of the earths magnetic field strength,and it can sense the weak magnetic field signals generated by myocardial electrical activity without contact,which can be used to detect the weak changes of myocardial electrical activity in both phy

71、siological and pathological states.NV Center MagnetometerThe CSU and National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory team used NV color centers as quantum sensors to probe the dynamic connectivity of neuronal synapses;The Boston College team used the NV Chromocentric Magnetic Field Sensor to image the loc

72、al magnetic field generated by photocurrents and to reconstruct the complete flow of photocurrents;Bosch Quantum Sensing(NV color-centered magnetometers and quantum gyroscopes)has partnered with Messe Stuttgart to provide a forum for exhibitors to present demonstrations and application examples,and

73、the company is currently involved in eight quantum sensing projects.Quantum Magnetometers02Quantum MagnetometerAt present,the field of quantum magnetometer presents a diversified development status.different types of magnetometer technologies,such as SQUID,OPM,SERF,NV color centers,etc.,have made re

74、markable progress in the fields of medicine,quantum navigation,and materials research.Chapter twoIntegrated Quantum Hardware17Overview of technical routesIn the future,quantum magnetometer technology will continue to evolve in a number of directions to promote its widespread use in various fields.Fi

75、rst,the sensitivity and resolution of magnetometers will be the focus of attention to meet specific application requirements.This includes more precise detection of weak magnetic field signals,especially in physiological and pathological states,to provide more accurate tools for scientific research

76、and medical diagnosis.On the other hand,multimodal integration will be one of the trends for future development.Quantum magnetometers are likely to focus more on integrating different types of magnetometer technologies so that they can be adapted to a wider range of application scenarios.This integr

77、ation is expected to provide more comprehensive information,offering researchers and physicians more perspectives and further enriching the way to understand changes in magnetic fields.As the technology matures,portability and utility will be another key direction in the development of quantum magne

78、tometers.Portable magnetometer devices will be easier to use in a wide range of applications such as medical care and navigation.Such development is expected to make quantum magnetometers a practical tool in real-world scenarios,supporting mobile diagnosis and real-time monitoring.Intelligent analyt

79、ics and applications will also be used throughout the future.With the continuous development of artificial intelligence technology,quantum magnetometer devices will focus more on the development of intelligent analysis models.This trend will improve data processing efficiency and diagnostic accuracy

80、,making magnetometers more practical in scientific research and medical practice.Technological diversity is a notable feature in the current quantum magnetometer market.Various technologies,including proton magnetometers,SQUID magnetometers,OPM magnetometers,SERF magnetometers,NV color-centered magn

81、etometers,and others,offer unique advantages in different application scenarios.This has resulted in a technologically diverse and wide range of choices in the market.The applications are broad and diverse,including military defense,scientific research,medicine,industrial inspection,navigation,and o

82、ther fields.Companies are involved in diverse fields such as military defense,biomedicine,geophysical exploration,and navigation systems,reflecting the importance and adaptability of quantum magnetometers in different fields.Chapter twoIntegrated Quantum Hardware1819Laboratory Sensitivity*Technical

83、Advantages and DisadvantagesExamples of RepresentativeProduct ParametersCategoryFigure:Quantum Magnetometer Industrialization Development StatusNote:*is the sensitivity under laboratory conditions,see references for source papers.3x10-3pT/Hz(Antonio Vettoliere,Institute of Applied Science and Intell

84、igent Systems,Italy,2023）Higher temperature magnetic field range,higher sensitivity;Requires cryogenic refrigeration,larger sizeModel：MPMS3 Sensitivity：10-2 pT/HzDynamic Range:1x10-5 nT 8x10-5 nTSQUIDUSA|Version Feb 20241x10-2pT/Hz(Orang Alem,University of Colorado,USA 2023）No zero drift,fast respon

85、se and high accuracy;Subject to environmental influences such as light intensity and air pressureOPMUSAModel：QTFM Gen-2Sensitivity：3 pT/HzDynamic Range:1000 nT150,000 nT8.9x10-5pT/HzAcademician Fang Jiancheng,Beihang;Academician Chu Junhao,East China Normal,2020）Extremely sensitive and easy to minia

86、turize;Requires high temperature and low magnetic field conditionsSERFChinaModel：SERF Magnetometer Sensitivity：10-2 pT/HzDynamic Range:5nT8.9pT/Hz(Du Jiangfengs team,CSU,Zhejiang University 2022）High frequency stability,reduced coherent detuning;Complex low-temperature environmentsNVCenterChinaModel

87、：Quantum Magnetometers Sensitivity：4.2pT/HzDynamic Range:10nT 50mT Due to the differentiated needs for accuracy,stability,weight,and price in different application scenarios,the quantum magnetometer market will be driven to further diversify in the future,gradually replacing the classical magnetomet

88、ers,and to meet the needs of more levels of users.Future developments will focus on technological innovations to improve the sensitivity and resolution of magnetometers and increase multimodal integration capabilities to meet a wider range of applications.Portability and practicality will be the fut

89、ure trend,and magnetometer devices will be more portable to facilitate real-time monitoring and mobile diagnosis in medical and navigation fields.With the continuous development of artificial intelligence technology,future magnetometer devices will pay more attention to the development of intelligen

90、t analysis models to improve data processing efficiency and diagnostic accuracy.The introduction of new materials,such as silicon carbide,will improve the performance of magnetometers,thereby expanding applications in the field of quantum sensing.Medical applications will see deeper development,and

91、quantum magnetometers are expected to make more breakthroughs in neuroscience,cardiovascular diseases and other fields.Chapter twoIntegrated Quantum HardwareIt is expected that SERF magnetometers and NV color-centered magnetometers will gradually gain more market share and gradually replace SQUID ma

92、gnetometers as the mainstream technology route.The magnetometer market will continue to be segmented along each technology route to meet the needs of different application scenarios,resulting in more specialized and differentiated products and solutions.This diversified market segmentation will prom

93、ote the quantum magnetometer technology to penetrate into various industries in a more comprehensive and in-depth manner.20Chapter twoIntegrated Quantum Hardware2103Quantum GravimeterQuantum gravimeters and quantum gravity gradiometers show a wide range of development prospects in both technological

94、 innovation and application fields,and are expected to bring more possibilities for scientific research and practical applications.With the continuous development of cold atom interference technology,quantum gravimeter has made remarkable progress in the field of precision measurement.Advances in Qu

95、antum Gravimeter 2023Quantum Absolute Gravity MeterQ-CTRL demonstrates the latest prototype of the Quantum Gravity Instrument.The company establishes an entirely new way of observing the Earth through gravity and magnetism,utilizing small,low-cost satellites to develop a persistent near-Earth observ

96、ation capability.The company has received support from the CRC-P program and will deliver future prototypes for use in the air and space.The High Precision Quantum Absolute Gravity Measurement System of Mugaltech was purchased by the Zhejiang Institute of Metrology,marking that the companys gravity

97、measurement equipment is ready for use in metrology systems.CAS Cold Atom participated in the 11th International Comparison of Absolute Gravity Instruments ICAG 2023 held in the U.S.The companys quantum gravity instrument WAG-H5-2 has reached the international advanced level in terms of volume,weigh

98、t,power consumption,gravity measurement accuracy and other indicators.Quantum Gravity GradiometerUK start-up Delta g has received an innovation grant of around 500,000 from Innovate UK to accelerate commercial product delivery and begin development of a quantum gravity gradiometer platform.It can cr

99、eate underground Google maps of complex underground and unseen locations and has already produced the worlds first field-proven quantum sensor for gravity gradient measurement.Delta-g,in conjunction with the University of Birmingham,has successfully tested gravity gradient measurements on a ship in

100、the North Sea.In the future,the technology could provide new capabilities for mapping the ocean and resilient long-term navigation.Quantum GravimeterChapter twoIntegrated Quantum HardwareOverview of technical routesAs for quantum gravity instruments,with the advancement of technology,quantum gravity

101、 instruments continue to improve the precision and resolution of their measurements.Through cold atom interference technology,the instrument is able to realize high signal-to-noise ratio signal detection and effectively solve key problems such as gradient signal extraction,making the static measurem

102、ent sensitivity close to the quantum projection noise limit.And with the further maturation of the technology,the quantum gravimeter is developing towards miniaturization and mobility.This makes quantum gravimeters more flexible in different scenarios and provides a wider range of possibilities for

103、various applications.Gravity gradiometers usually consist of two gravimeters with the aim of eliminating instrument drift.However,quantum gravimeters are already significant in improving accuracy,and combining two high-precision absolute gravimeters into a gravity gradiometer may increase the cost w

104、ithout demonstrating a significant metric advantage.Therefore,future trends may require a balance between system optimization and cost-effectiveness.Currently,the quantum gravity gradiometry technique has been shown to be superior for urban subsurface space detection.Through the simulation and actua

105、l measurement of quantum gravity gradient data,it has shown certain advantages especially in the identification of shallow anomaly boundaries.Therefore,the cold atom-based interferometric gravity gradiometer is expected to be more widely used in urban underground space detection.22With the further m

106、aturation of the technology,quantum gravity gauges are developing in the direction of miniaturization and mobility,providing a wider range of possibilities for various applications.The development of high-precision dynamic cold atom gravity gradiometers is still facing a series of technical difficul

107、ties.Improving the scale factor through large momentum transfer techniques such as Bragg diffraction and Bloch oscillation,and solving the problem of transverse atomic jitter by using light-guided interferometry are technical challenges that need to be overcome continuously in order to achieve a hig

108、her level of performance.To realize more compact,low-power,high-precision and stable quantum gravity sensors through micro-and nanofabrication and integrated circuit technologies.In response to the challenges of external-field dynamic measurement technology,future efforts will be devoted to solving

109、the performance problems of atomic interferometers in high dynamic ranges in order to increase the bandwidth and extend the dynamic measurement range.In terms of systematic integration scheme and process exploration,the future will further improve the systematic integration scheme and explore the in

110、novation of micro-nano process in order to realize a more compact and stable convenient high-performance laser system.Chapter twoIntegrated Quantum HardwareNote:*Denotes sensitivity under laboratory conditions,source is in the reference;Muquans was acquired by iXblue in May 2021;Due to the complexit

111、y of cold atom technology,short development time,and diverse solutions,the overall accuracy and repeatability are not as good as classical instruments such as FG5X.FG5X is a leading instrument among classical instruments;1E=10-9 s-2Sensitivity：28E/HzResolution 7E（Stanford University,2015）High accura

112、cy,no bias,Low drift,self-calibrating;Expensive,unable to measure full tensorModel：Prototype quantum gravity gradiometerGravity gradient resolution：0.15ESensitivity：50E/HzQuantum Gravity Gradient MeterFranceQuantum Absolute Gravity MeterModel：WAG-H5-2Sensitivity：15Gal/HzLong-term stability：1GalAccur

113、acy:10 uGalChinaSensitivity：4.2 Gal/HzStability：3Gal（HUST,2022）High accuracy,no drift,long-term continuous operation,suitable for dynamic scenarios;Accuracy,and repeatability have no advantage over classic*Model：MGAG-LHSensitivity：surpass 25Gal/HzLong-term stability*：1 uGalAccuracy:5-10GalChinaModel

114、：Absolute Quantum GravimeterSensitivity：50Gal/HzLong-term stability：2GalAccuracy:10 uGalFrance*Model：WAGG-H5-1Gravity gradient resolution：3.3ESensitivity：350E/VHzChina23|Version Feb 2024In terms of technology level,we will continue to improve the research level in spin noise mechanism,magnetic shiel

115、ding technology,long relaxation time atomic gas chamber preparation technology,atomic polarization and stability control technology in the future.At the same time,basic research will be strengthened in the areas of micro-small high-performance atomic gas chamber preparation,micro-small magnetic shie

116、lding preparation,and high-performance semiconductor laser development.Figure:Current Status of Industrialization of Quantum GravimeterChapter twoIntegrated Quantum HardwareLaboratory Sensitivity*Technical Advantages and DisadvantagesExamples of RepresentativeProduct ParametersCategoryProduct Sample

117、 ImageIt is expected that SERF magnetometers and NV color-centered magnetometers will gradually gain more market share and gradually replace SQUID magnetometers as the mainstream technology route.The magnetometer market will continue to be segmented along each technology route to meet the needs of d

118、ifferent application scenarios,resulting in more specialized and differentiated products and solutions.This diversified market segmentation will promote the quantum magnetometer technology to penetrate into various industries in a more comprehensive and in-depth manner.Chapter twoIntegrated Quantum

119、Hardware24Advances in Quantum Inertial Measurements in 2023Cold Atom Interference AccelerometerInfleqtion demonstrated the worlds first software-configurable,quantum-enabled,high-performance accelerometer by combining machine learning with quantum sensing.Designed for positioning,navigation and timi

120、ng applications,it operates at accelerations tens of times Earths gravityNuclear Magnetic Resonance GyroscopeA self-calibration method was proposed and implemented at the Institute of Systems Engineering,Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics(CAEP)to compensate for the NMR phase drift during Rb-PM m

121、easurements.By self-calibrating Rb-PM,it is demonstrated that the bias stability of NMRG is significantly improvedDiamond NV-Centered GyroscopeXian Jiaotong University team obtains diamond nano-cone structure by thermal annealing method,which could positively affect the design and fabrication of fut

122、ure NV-center-based micro-nano optics such as NV color-centered gyroscopesSERF GyroscopeThe BUAA team found that the main source of noise in SERF gyroscopes is Markov noise introduced due to the slow convergence rate of the spin-coupled ensemble,which affects their long-term stability.The team varie

123、d the correlation time by adjusting the pump power density to suppress the Markov noiseQuantum Accelerometer&Gyroscope04Quantum Accelerometer&GyroscopeIn 2023,the field of quantum precision measurement made significant progress in the development of quantum accelerometers and quantum gyroscopes.Infl

124、eqtion introduced the worlds first software-configurable,high-performance quantum accelerometers designed for localization,navigation,and timing applications in high-acceleration environments.Meanwhile,nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscopes improved bias stability through self-calibration methods,the

125、 diamond nano-cone structure of NV color-centered gyroscopes promises to influence micro-and nano-optical designs,and SERF gyroscopes improved long-term stability by tuning the pump power density.Three-axis accelerometry has become a key direction in the development of cold-atom interferometric acce

126、lerometers,and improving the overall system performance has become a research priority.Atomic Interference GyroscopeThe BUAA team found that the main source of noise in SERF gyroscopes is Markov noise introduced due to the slow convergence rate of the spin-coupled ensemble,which affects their long-t

127、erm stability.The team varied the correlation time by adjusting the pump power density to suppress the Markov noiseChapter twoIntegrated Quantum Hardware25Overview of technical routesQuantum accelerometers and quantum gyroscopes have demonstrated high accuracy and stability in practical applications

128、,but challenges remain in areas such as bandwidth and dynamic range.Regarding the assessment of technology routes,different research institutes and countries have made certain breakthroughs in their respective areas of specialization,but overall,there are some challenges to be overcome.For cold-atom

129、 interferometric accelerometers,solving the dead time problem and improving measurement availability are important development directions.For quantum gyroscopes,three-axis acceleration measurement,engineering applications and improving overall system performance are key tasks for the future.With int

130、ernational cooperation and national support,the field of quantum precision measurement is expected to further promote innovation in quantum accelerometer and quantum gyroscope technologies.Future trends include improved performance,miniaturization,and cost reduction to better meet the needs of navig

131、ation,timing,national defense,and other fields.Taken together,quantum precision measurement technology will continue to play an important role in practical applications,bringing new breakthroughs in the fields of navigation and high-precision measurement.In recent years,with the rapid development of

132、 quantum precision measurement technology,quantum inertial sensors represented by atomic gyroscopes and atomic accelerometers can provide absolute measurements of angular velocity and acceleration with higher sensitivity and long-term stability.By replacing the traditional inertial sensors,the posit

133、ioning accuracy of INS can be guaranteed for a long period of time without frequent recalibration.In addition,when navigating over long distances,a composite inertial guidance scheme for gravity-field-matched navigation can be realized by using high-precision atomic gravimeters or atomic gravity gra

134、diometers mounted on carriers,limiting the accumulation of INS errors over time and prolonging the systems recalibration cycle.Chapter twoIntegrated Quantum Hardware26Figure:Quantum Accelerometer&Gyroscope Industrialization Development Status27Note:*is the accuracy under theoretical conditions,see r

135、eferences for source papers.|Version Feb 2024Compared with classical inertial sensors,theoretically quantum gyroscopes and accelerometers have the advantages of higher precision,lower drift,and stronger anti-jamming ability.However,whether these advantages can be reflected in the actual engineering

136、applications will be affected by many factors,including the design of the equipment,manufacturing process,the use of the environment,etc.At this stage,as most of the products are in the prototype stage,facing the challenges of large size,high cost,and lack of stability,the superiority has not yet be

137、en reflected.10-2/h Early development,large dynamic range,has entered the chip product development stage;Requires an applied magnetic fieldModel：Prototypezero-article stability：10-2 /h Nuclear Magnetic Resonance GyroscopeUSA10-8gHigh sensitivity,good stability,strong anti-interference ability;Large

138、volume,high power consumption,high costModel：PrototypeAccuracy:10-8gCold Atom Interference AccelerometerUK103/h Small size and fast start-up;Requires high quality diamond samples and precise nanofabricationDiamond NV-Centered GyroscopeUSAModel：Academic Research zero-article stability：0.4 /s10-4/h Hi

139、gh precision and small bandwidth;Technically difficult,in the laboratory prototype stageSERF GyroscopeUSAModel：Laboratory prototypezero-article stability：10-3 /h 10-5/h Extremely high precision,good stability,strong anti-interference ability;Large volume,high power consumption,high costAtomic Interf

140、erence GyroscopeUSAModel：Laboratory prototypezero-article stability：10-4 /h Chapter twoIntegrated Quantum HardwareLaboratory Sensitivity*Technical Advantages and DisadvantagesExamples of RepresentativeProduct ParametersCategoryProduct Sample ImageAt present,the research and development in the field

141、of quantum inertia is led by universities,and the top teams in Europe and the United States are Stanford,Princeton,Paris Observatory,Sandia National Laboratories,etc.The Chinese teams,such as Beihang University,Southeast University,and Precision Measurement Institute of the Chinese Academy of Scienc

142、es are also advancing their research,but at present,the overall performance index of the products is about 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than that of the international advanced level.Among the various types of products,the nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope is the most expected product to be popul

143、arized and applied in the short term,and the cold atom interferometric accelerometers and gyroscopes show extremely high precision,have great application prospects,and may become the mainstream technology in the field of high-precision inertial navigation in the future.Chapter twoIntegrated Quantum

144、Hardware2805Quantum RadarQuantum radar can be classified into three main categories based on the types of transmission and reception:interferometric quantum radar,quantum-enhanced radar,and quantum illumination radar.Among them,quantum-enhanced radar is advancing most rapidly in industrialization an

145、d has been applied in military and environmental protection fields.This approach significantly improves radar accuracy and sensitivity by transmitting classical signals and receiving quantum signals.Depending on the type of signal transmission(laser or microwave),the receiving end can be further div

146、ided into two categories:single-photon detectors and atomic antennas.The quantum-enhanced radar based on single-photon detectors utilizes the high sensitivity and quantum properties of single-photon detectors to enhance radar system performance.This technologys advantage lies in its extremely high s

147、ensitivity to weak signals,enabling high-resolution detection of distant targets.By combining advanced technologies such as deep learning,single-photon detectors can also improve the adaptability of radar systems in complex environments,making them more robust against noise and interference.In contr

148、ast,quantum-enhanced radar based on atomic antennas focuses on detecting signals in the microwave frequency range.This technology utilizes the sensitivity of atomic antennas to microwave signals,achieving high-sensitivity detection of microwave signals through quantum control and readout.Due to the

149、widespread application of microwave frequencies in communication,radar,and remote sensing,quantum-enhanced radar based on atomic antennas has broad potential applications in these fields.The uniqueness of this technology lies in its high resolution and sensitivity to microwave signals,making it pote

150、ntially important in areas such as electronic warfare,communication systems,and astronomical observations.Advances in Quantum Radar in 2023Chapter twoIntegrated Quantum Hardware29Quantum-Enhanced Radar Based on SPDQCI supports NASAs climate change monitoring with a quantum sensing solution that uses

151、 radar systems to remotely measure the physical properties of different types of snow and calculate how much water can be released when the snow melts.QLMs novel quantum gas laser radar has been validated as industry-leading in testing at METEC.This technology has highly precise capabilities for det

152、ecting,locating,and quantifying natural gas leaks,making it the gold standard in continuous methane monitoring technology.QI Solutions has launched a quantum photon vibration meter for remote vibration detection,sensing,and inspection.This device has made significant advancements in sensitivity,spee

153、d,and resolution,offering efficient remote vibration detection solutions for military and commercial applications.A quantum radar detected by an embedded microwave photon counter developed by the ENS Paris research team has achieved a significant improvement in ranging resolution,increasing detectio

154、n speed by 209%compared to traditional radar.Quantum-Enhanced Radar Based on Atomic AntennasInfleqtion and L3Harris have made significant breakthroughs in quantum radio frequency(RF)technology,overcoming the limitations of traditional technologies based on highly excited Rydberg states of atoms.This

155、 technology offers advantages such as continuous tuning,interference resistance,and high sensitivity in the RF sensing field,opening up new possibilities for RF applications.Infleqtions quantum RF aperture/receiver system,SqyWire,demonstrated outstanding capabilities in the Army NetModX23 evaluation

156、,which is significant for the development of RF network management.Rydberg recently launched a small,lightweight,low-power atomic receiver in the US Armys Combat Capabilities Development Command Center Network Modernization Experiment,demonstrating remote radio communication using atomic quantum sen

157、sors.Quantum RadarQuantum Radar Product OverviewQuantum radar technology is poised to achieve remote target detection and high-resolution imaging in complex noise environments in the near future,with wide applications in both military and civilian sectors.Global collaboration and continuous innovati

158、on will drive the advancement of quantum radar technology,providing more precise and efficient solutions for target detection and identification in the future.Enhanced quantum radar at the receiver end,achieved by incorporating squeezed light and phase-sensitive amplifiers to reduce standard quantum

159、 noise at the receiver,is a development direction that has attracted much attention in recent years.Chapter twoIntegrated Quantum Hardware30Quantum-Enhanced Radar Based on SPDAtmospheric wind field，wake currentmeasurementHigh radial signal-to-noise ratio,near-infrared optical band;Requires low tempe

160、rature environment,higher costModel：High-resolution wind measurement lidarWind speed measurement accuracy：Perpendicular 0.3m/s3kmWind speed range：50m/sChinaModel：Quantum GasDetection distance：200 mDetectable methane leakage rate：0.012 g/sUKGreenhouse gas leakage detectionContinuous,real-time monitor

161、ing,small size,low power consumption;Need to maintain coherence and suppress noiseModel：Quantum Photonic VibrometerAccuracy：110 nmFrequency ranges：DC to 4 kHz USARemote monitoring and detectionRemotely and accurately recognizes material intrinsic frequencies with high fidelity and low power consumpt

162、ion;Some performance metrics are still being testedRadio communicationHigh sensitivity,wide bandwidth;Large size and complex laser systemModel：Atomic ReceiverResponse frequency：100kHz40GHzResolution：0.11mmQuantum-Enhanced Radar Based on Atomic AntennasChinaNote:*Quantum radar products can be involve

163、d in a variety of application scenarios,and many companies product lines also involve a variety of quantum radar,so this part of the selection of a typical product and application to do analysis.Figure:Quantum Radar Industrialization Development Status|Version Feb 202431Field of Application*Technica

164、l Advantages and DisadvantagesExamples of RepresentativeProduct ParametersCategoryThe current quantum radar technology is facing challenges in detecting diverse targets,as the varying sizes and structural characteristics of different targets pose significant challenges to detection.To address this i

165、ssue,in recent years,interferometric quantum radar technology has become an important means to optimize the design of long-range airborne target detection systems.By combining quantum entangled states with interferometers,this technology enhances the visibility of interference fringes,achieving ultr

166、a-sensitive detection and high-resolution target identification.Meanwhile,through techniques such as aerodynamic shaping and electromagnetic absorbent materials,the backward scattering of electromagnetic waves is minimized,thereby reducing the systems energy consumption and improving data collection

167、 time or transmission power.Chapter twoIntegrated Quantum HardwareProduct Sample ImageFuture trends will place greater emphasis on considering the overall factors such as radar dynamic range,sensitivity,and bandwidth,to ensure the systems application effectiveness in various environmental conditions

168、.Quantum radar systems will gradually adopt a classical-quantum dual-channel system configuration,integrating quantum channels with classical radars.This integration can fully leverage the high precision and sensitivity of quantum channels while maintaining the current application scenarios and tech

169、nological capabilities of classical radars,thereby enhancing the overall radar performance.In the medium to short term,this dual-channel system configuration is expected to become mainstream,better coping with various complex environments and extreme weather conditions.Chapter twoIntegrated Quantum

170、Hardware32The field of quantum electric field measurement has made significant progress,with measurement techniques using Rydberg atoms and diamond NV centers demonstrating superiority.Atomic systems have advantages such as repeatability,precision,and stability.Gaseous atoms are minimally perturbed

171、by the applied electric field,enabling high-precision measurement of spectral frequencies.In measuring ultra-weak electric fields,these techniques have significant advantages over existing microwave sensors.Diamond NV centers can achieve 10-nanometer-level electric field imaging and precise control

172、of charge states,also exhibiting high sensitivity to weak electric fieldsFuture development of quantum field strength meters will focus on improving the precision of quantum electric field measurements,including high-sensitivity measurements of tiny electric fields.Research teams may explore more ad

173、vanced quantum technologies to achieve more accurate field strength meter measurements to meet the needs of scientific research and applications.As quantum electric field measurement technology matures,the establishment of relevant standards will become crucial.The formulation of standards can ensur

174、e the comparability and credibility of measurement results among different laboratories and research teams.Organizations such as the International Organization for Standardization(ISO)may need to be involved in the development of these standards.Future development will pay more attention to the mult

175、imodal integration of quantum precision measurement technologies,that is,integrating different types of measurement technologies.In electric field measurements,this may involve combining different atomic systems and different optical technologies to provide more comprehensive and comprehensive measu

176、rement solutions.06Quantum Field Strength MeterAdvances in Quantum Field Strength Meter in 2023Chapter twoIntegrated Quantum Hardware33Rydberg Atomic Electric Field Strength MeterA team from the University of Science and Technology of China(USTC)has successfully expanded the bandwidth sensitivity of

177、 microwave electric field measurements based on Rydberg atoms using an auxiliary microwave field.This advancement enables the detection of microwave fields with a detuning of up to 100 MHz,achieving a sensitivity improvement of 10 times compared to measurements without the auxiliary microwave field.

178、The Beijing Wireless Measurement Research Institute and the Qingdao Key Laboratory of Terahertz Technology have collaborated on a scheme for measuring microwave electric fields based on Rydberg atoms using dual-color electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT).Simulation results show that compared

179、 to conventional EIT schemes,the spectral resolution can be improved by approximately 4 times,and the minimum detectable intensity of the microwave electric field can be improved by approximately 3 times.After Doppler averaging,the minimum detectable intensity of the microwave electric field is appr

180、oximately 5 times greater than without the Doppler effect.Diamond NV-Center Field Strength MeterA research team at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign is developing a sensor based on nitrogen vacancy(NV)centers in diamond,which has unique quantum properties and can be used to measure the

181、electric dipole moment of neutrons,potentially finding applications in quantum information science.They are studying a quantum technology called dynamic decoupling to improve the accuracy of electric field measurements.Quantum Field Strength MeterWith the continuous advancement of technology,quantum

182、 electric field measurement technology will be more widely used in practical scenarios,such as communications,medicine,and environmental monitoring.This will require the technology to better adapt to complex environments and provide practical solutions.Chapter twoIntegrated Quantum Hardware3407Algor

183、ithm&Software&PlatformAdvances in Quantum Software Algorithm Platform in 2023In 2023,there were significant advancements in the field of quantum precision measurement software,algorithms,and platforms.Innovations in software configuration and algorithms have enabled quantum sensors to adapt more fle

184、xibly to different environments,particularly performing well in resource-constrained situations.The development of platforms has provided more tools and resources,promoting the widespread application of quantum technology in research and practical applications.Chapter twoIntegrated Quantum HardwareS

185、oftwareInfleqtion demonstrated a software-configurable,high-performance quantum-accelerated accelerometer by combining machine learning with quantum sensing.Sandbox AQ and the US Air Force successfully tested a magnetic anomaly navigation system based on quantum sensors.This system,a composite of ar

186、tificial intelligence and quantum(AQ)technology,provides an alternative for environments where GPS is unavailable or denied.AlgorithmThe team from the University of Rome has proposed a model-free method that optimizes multi-parameter estimation by combining reinforcement learning algorithms with dee

187、p neural networks.This method can be widely applied to optimize the performance of quantum sensors.The Beijing Computational Science Research Center has proposed a universal,efficient,and simple method for implementing positive operator measurements(quantum random walk algorithm),and successfully de

188、monstrated it in physical applications.PlatformInfleqtion has announced the launch of Oqtant,the worlds first Quantum Innovation Platform as a Service,providing researchers and innovators with access to quantum materials.QLM Technology has commercially launched its Quantum Gas Laser Radar and QLM Cl

189、oud,offering superior performance and accuracy,along with cloud-based analysis and data management.Adtrans enhanced Oscilloquartz synchronization product portfolio now offers the aPNT+platform,which includes intelligent threat detection and mitigation capabilities.The Electric Power Research Institu

190、te of Chinas Quantum Power Measurement Platform was officially put into operation in May 2023.The platform aims to establish a quantum electrical measurement standard system,characterized by high stability and unaffected by changes in time,space,and environmental conditions.Software Algorithm Platfo

191、rm35Future developments will focus on the integrated fusion of software,algorithms,and platforms to construct more complete and efficient quantum measurement systems.With continuous technological advancements,there will be a growing concern for security and stability,especially in environments prone

192、 to frequent cyberattacks.The application of cloud services may be further emphasized,providing users with more advanced data analysis,management,and security features.Furthermore,the expansion of quantum technology into broader application areas,especially in navigation,measurement,and security,wil

193、l be a key direction for future development.Overall,the field of precision measurement will continue to benefit from the innovation of quantum technology,providing more precise and reliable solutions for scientific and industrial fields.Chapter twoIntegrated Quantum Hardware36Core Equipment and Devi

194、ces03Chapter threeOverview of Industrial Development in 202303Core Equipment and DevicesContentsMajor ProgressPeripheral Support SystemsCore HardwareAuxiliary Hardware010203043801Major ProgressAs quantum technology continues to advance,the demand for its upstream hardware is increasing,driving conti

195、nuous improvement in performance and reliability.The upstream of quantum precision measurement covers various aspects such as peripheral support systems,core hardware,and auxiliary hardware,providing necessary foundational support for achieving highly precise quantum measurements.Peripheral support

196、systems include magnetic shielding systems,vibration isolation systems,cooling systems,and vacuum systems.These systems are crucial for improving the stability,accuracy,and reliability of quantum measurements.Core hardware includes single-photon detectors,microwave sources,lasers,and atomic chambers

197、.As the core components of quantum sensors,they can provide highly sensitive signal detection,precise micro-adjustment control,and stable signal sources,thereby bringing higher sensitivity,faster response times,and lower noise levels to quantum measurements.Auxiliary hardware includes RF devices,ele

198、ctro-optic modulators,acousto-optic modulators,and cryogenic cables,which mainly play a role in auxiliary control and signal transmission in quantum measurement experiments.Chapter threeOverview of Industrial Development in 2023Figure:2023 Quantum Precision Measurement Core Component AdvancesPerimet

199、er Support SystemsCore Hardware Auxiliary HardwareThe Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,in collaboration with partners,has successfully developed a portable superconducting single-photon detection system based on small liquid-helium dewars.A res

200、earch group at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich has detected a new type of ferromagnetism in artificially produced materials,with a magnetic moment alignment different from traditional materials.It may be used in the future to produce new superconducting magnets,potentially leadin

201、g to new applications in magnetic storage and quantum precision measurement.QCi has established a new factory for manufacturing quantum photonics chips,which can be used for quantum sensing and imaging products.iXblues neodymium-doped fiber lasers are widely used in two-photon fluorescence excitatio

202、n microscopy techniques.A research team from the University of California,Berkeley,and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory has successfully developed the first quantum light source using silicon.Tianjin University has demonstrated for the first time the use of superconducting nanowire single-photo

203、n detectors for non-line-of-sight imaging.Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have discovered a method to manipulate the spin density of diamond,opening up new possibilities for advanced quantum measurement devices.iXblues ILS laser system features a complete production chain,pr

204、oviding specialty optical fibers,Bragg gratings,high-speed modulation solutions,and micro-optical components.iXblue has released the COH 90 optical mixing solution,which enables signal demodulation.This solution,based on four 90 phase steps,can extract phase,amplitude,and polarization information,wi

205、th wide applications in medical imaging and other fields.|Version Feb 202439Figure：Quantum Precision Measurement Upstream Peripheral Safeguard System OverviewCryogenic SystemMagnetic Shielding SystemVacuum SystemChina解決方案Representative companiesTypeRole and its market landscape Low-temperature syste

206、ms can reduce atomic thermal motion,thereby improving the precision and stability of the system.The main suppliers of global pulse tube cryocoolers are Sumitomo in Japan and Cryomech(acquired by Bluefors).Chinese companies currently can only supply GM cryocoolers.Excluding external magnetic field fa

207、ctors,it is technically feasible to achieve this through alloy material coating or geomagnetic field compensation.All major technology countries worldwide can supply.In addition,low-temperature system manufacturers can also purchase magnetic shielding housings and supply them downstream to customers

208、 along with the low-temperature system.The vacuum chamber and flange require a vacuum level of around 10-9 Torr,which is technically easy to achieve.Currently,only a few companies supply high-performance molecular pumps,with Pfeiffer Vacuum having the best performance and a high market share,followe

209、d by Edwards and Agilent.|Version Feb 202402Peripheral Support SystemsFinlandUKUSAJapanGermanyUKChinaChinaUSAThe peripheral support system is an important part of quantum precision measurement,and its performance and quality directly affect the precision and stability of quantum precision measuremen

210、t.Chapter threeOverview of Industrial Development in 202340In terms of technological innovation,future peripheral support systems will continue to drive performance and quality improvements.The increase in magnetic shielding efficiency will be achieved through the use of new materials,improved desig

211、ns,and manufacturing processes.Vibration isolation systems will seek lower levels of vibration noise,and refrigeration systems will be continuously optimized to reduce temperature and improve cooling efficiency.The introduction of new materials and innovative structural designs will further enhance

212、the reliability and performance of peripheral support systems.The direction of miniaturization and integration will make peripheral support systems more compact,portable,and efficient through the use of advanced manufacturing techniques and intelligent control systems.In terms of application require

213、ments,future peripheral support systems will more accurately meet the needs of specific fields.The rapid development of quantum navigation will drive the demand for higher-precision and more stable peripheral support systems.Future quantum sensors will continue to pursue higher sensitivity and accur

214、acy.This,in turn,will prompt peripheral support systems to provide more advanced and customizable solutions to meet the needs of different fields of quantum technology applications.Chapter threeOverview of Industrial Development in 202341Figure：2023 Quantum Precision Measurement Core Hardware Overvi

215、ew03Core HardwareChapter threeOverview of Industrial Development in 202342|Version Feb 2024Representative companiesTypeRole and its market landscapeMicrowave SourcesUsed to generate microwave signals and interact resonantly with quantum systems(such as atoms or molecules)to achieve precise control o

216、ver their states.The main suppliers worldwide are Rohde&Schwarz from Germany and Keysight Technologies from the United States.RIGOL in China currently offers a variety of arbitrary waveform generator products,with performance indicators reaching international advanced levels,available for supply to

217、manufacturers related to quantum precision measurement.GermanyUSAChinaSPDEfficient and precise measurement and counting of quantum states are achieved by detecting the presence of photons,mainly used in devices such as quantum radar and optical clocks.The main suppliers of single-photon detectors gl

218、obally include IDQ from Switzerland and Single Quantum from the Netherlands.In China,PHOTEC is the first company to industrialize superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors,with a domestic market share of approximately 70%.NetherlandSwitzerlandChinaHigh-quality,coherent,and monochromatic laser

219、 beams provide the light source for key processes such as quantum state preparation,precision manipulation,and interference measurement.The main suppliers of lasers for quantum precision measurement worldwide are Toptica from Germany,M Squared from the UK,and Vixar from the US.Chinese companies curr

220、ently lag behind in performance indicators,and most of the gain chips and light sources still rely on imports.LaserUKGermanyUSAChinaAtomic ChamberUsed to provide an independent device for placing atoms such as rubidium and cesium required for atomic clocks.After inflation,it can calculate time based

221、 on the specific atomic energy level transition frequency.The main suppliers of atoms for quantum precision measurement globally are the Russian State Atomic Energy Corporation and American Elements.China National Nuclear Corporation is the only manufacturer in China that sells by-products of nuclea

222、r industry such as thulium atoms,but it cannot sell in small doses.GermanyUSAChinaIn the future,laser sources will undergo improvements in stability,power,and frequency control to meet the demand for higher precision in quantum measurements.Additionally,Chinese companies may increase their research

223、and development efforts in the field of quantum light sources to bridge the performance gap and reduce dependence on imports.Trends in single-photon detectors may include larger arrays,longer response wavelengths,improved photon-number resolution,higher operating temperatures,larger photosensitive a

224、reas,and higher yield rates.Furthermore,quantum state measurement devices will become more diverse to meet the requirements of various application fields.Chapter threeOverview of Industrial Development in 20234304Auxiliary HardwareFigure:2023 Auxiliary Hardware for Quantum Precision Measurement Over

225、view解決方案Representative companiesTypeRole and its market landscapeSome quantum precision measurement devices need to operate in extremely low-temperature environments,where traditional cables exhibit significant scattering noise,which is detrimental to measurements.Therefore,specialized low-temperatu

226、re cables are required.Global suppliers of low-temperature cables for quantum precision measurement include Keycom from Japan and Radiall from France.Western Superconductor is one of the few companies in China capable of producing ultra-low-temperature cables.Low Temperature CableFranceJapanChinaMod

227、ulatorModulation technology can generate high-frequency electrical oscillations,which,through transducers,can form mechanical waves.By quickly controlling the waves,this modulation technique can modulate laser beams in devices,improving the sensitivity or precision of quantum measurements.Acoustic-o

228、ptic and electro-optic modulators are available from major technology countries worldwide.CETC offers electro-optic modulators suitable for ion traps and neutral atom systems.FranceUKChinaRadio Frequency DeviceThe operation and control of quantum states require various fields and waves.Radiofrequenc

229、y microwave devices can be used to adjust the interaction and operation between quantum states and to accurately read them out.Global suppliers of RF devices include Mini-Circuits from the United States and attocube from Germany.In China,Zhongweidaxin offers general components such as low-temperatur

230、e,low-noise amplifiers for quantum precision measurement.USAGermanyChina|Version Feb 2024Chapter threeOverview of Industrial Development in 20234445In the future,the research and production of low-temperature cables will be increasingly important to reduce scattering noise and improve the performanc

231、e of measurement devices operating in extremely low-temperature environments.Major technology countries worldwide may strengthen their investments in low-temperature cable technology to meet the requirements of quantum precision measurement devices for extreme environments.The application of acousto

232、-optic modulation technology in quantum measurements will further develop.By using high-frequency electrical oscillations and transducers for mechanical wave conversion,rapid modulation of laser beams can be achieved to enhance the sensitivity or precision of quantum measurements.Innovations in this

233、 area may involve the design and manufacture of new types of modulators.The development and application of radiofrequency microwave devices will be crucial for the operation and control of quantum states.In the future,there will be a trend towards higher processing precision,higher signal-to-noise r

234、atio,and miniaturization and chipification at low temperatures to meet the requirements of quantum precision measurement systems.Chapter threeOverview of Industrial Development in 2023Industry Application04Chapter fourIndustry Application04Industry ApplicationContentsDefense and MilitaryHealthcare a

235、nd MedicineEnergy and Environmental ProtectionSynchronous CommunicationScientific Research010203040547Defense and MilitaryIn terms of quantum precision measurement types,it covers various aspects such as time,measurement,gravity,inertia,target identification,reflecting the widespread application of

236、quantum precision measurement technology in the military industry.From global navigation satellite systems and global positioning systems to magnetic anomaly navigation and near-Earth observation,it provides comprehensive support for military tasks.Due to the importance of military applications for

237、national security,countries tend to focus more on research and development in the military industry,leading to a relatively closed research environment in this field.The following figures mainly focus on the representative progress of quantum precision measurement in the defense and military industr

238、y in 2023.The selection criteria include collaborations between mid-tier quantum precision measurement companies and well-known enterprises or institutions in the defense and military industry,with priority given to those that produce actual or quantitative results,and only a few are exploratory col

239、laborations.Chapter fourIndustry Application0148ApplicationsGlobal Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)and Global Positioning System(GPS)Magnetic anomaly navigation refers to providing uninterrupted navigation in situations where GPS is unavailable,intentionally denied,or spoofed.Near-Earth observation

240、s based on low-cost satellitesQuantum sensing solutions for satellite and airborne missions to test and monitor climate changeInertial navigation systems without GPSCore DevelopmentDeveloping next-generation quantum atomic clocks,quantum sensors,and component technologies is necessary to create bett

241、er clocks,high-performance sensors,and related technologies,which are more resilient in the space domain.The companys quantum navigation prototype is installed on a U.S.Air Force C-17 Globe Master III military transport aircraft and has successfully received geomagnetic navigation data during ground

242、 and multiple flight tests.The company has received support for collaborative research center projects and plans to deliver a quantum gravity meter for aerospace applications in the future.It aims to predict or even prevent the impact of drought or mining activities on water resources and agricultur

243、e.Supporting NASA in testing its proprietary quantum photonics system,which is used for remote sensing applications to monitor climate change,such as measuring the physical properties of various types of snow,including density,particle size,and depth.Using ultracold atoms for acceleration measuremen

244、t has the potential to provide high-precision position data in environments without global positioning systems(GPS)and global navigation satellite systems(GNSS).PartnerUSAUSAUSAAustrailiaUK TechnologyCold Atom ClockOptically Pumped MagnetometerCold Atom Absolute GravimeterQuantum-enhanced RadarCold

245、Atom AccelerometerFigure:Examples of Quantum Precision Measurement in the Defense IndustryChapter fourIndustry Application|Version Feb 202449In the future,three main development trends will emerge:improving technical performance,expanding application areas,and strengthening international cooperation

246、.Firstly,by conducting research and development on next-generation quantum sensors and their core components,superior high-performance sensors can be created to meet the more complex task requirements in the military industry.Secondly,countries will continue to expand the application areas of quantu

247、m technology beyond applications such as inertial navigation systems without GPS,monitoring climate change,and testing magnetic anomaly navigation.Finally,strengthening international cooperation will be crucial for future development,encouraging countries to collectively address the complex demands

248、of the defense and military industry,share technological achievements,and further promote progress in the entire field.chapter fourIndustry Application50Application directionsNon-invasive methods for detecting and measuring brain activity,brain-machine interfaces,and research on neural feedback.Non-

249、invasive diagnosis of coronary microvascular diseasemagnetocardiogrA-phy(MCG)Magnetoencephalography(MEG)and magnetocardiograp-hy(MCG)Core DevelopmentThe latest generation MEG(Magnetoencephalography)system equipped with helium recovery and state-of-the-art magnetic sensors was delivered in Geneva,Swi

250、tzerland.After installation and commissioning,it was used to provide precise and comprehensive images of brain activity.The companys magnetocardiography device(CardioFlux MCG)has obtained breakthrough device certification,enabling its use in identifying myocardial ischemia in patients who may have c

251、oronary microvascular disease.The companys 64-channel cryogen-free magnetocardiograph(MCG)was successfully installed at the Anzhen Hospital in Beijing.A ceremony was held to unveil the plaque designating it as the Training Base for Magnetocardiography Equipment Technology and Clinical Application by

252、 the Chinese Medical Equipment Association,along with a signing ceremony.The demonstration includes simulating action potential signal detection using a muscle model and showcasing the potential application of NV magnetometers in measuring magnetocardiograms(MCGs)and magnetomyograms(MMGs)in unshield

253、ed biological magnetic fields.Partner Technical roadmapSQUIDOPMSERFNV centersHealthcare and MedicineFigure:Examples of Progress in Quantum Precision Measurement in the Healthcare FieldQuantum precision measurement in the healthcare sector demonstrates a clear trend of international collaboration on

254、a global scale.Countries such as the United States,China,Germany,Switzerland,and Finland have all provided advanced quantum magnetometry solutions for the global healthcare sector.The following figrure primarily discusses and analyzes representative advancements of quantum precision measurement in t

255、he healthcare sector in 2023.The selection criteria include collaborations between mid-tier quantum precision measurement companies and well-known enterprises or institutions in the healthcare sector,with a priority on generating tangible or quantifiable results,with a few instances focusing on expl

256、oratory collaborations.USAChinaGermany,China02|Version Feb 2024Finland,Switzerland51Chapter fourIndustry ApplicationIn the field of healthcare,quantum precision measurement is primarily applied in specialized areas such as magnetocardiography(MCG)and magnetoencephalography(MEG).Quantum magnetometers

257、,with their advantages of being non-invasive,radiation-free,contrast agent-free,and resistant to electromagnetic interference,have become important tools in medical diagnostics.With technological advancements,quantum precision measurement technology will further expand into various medical fields.In

258、 addition to the already established areas of cardiology and neuroscience,innovations may be seen in cancer diagnosis,treatment of neurological disorders,and other medical applications in the future.Quantum precision measurement holds the promise of providing more comprehensive and accurate data for

259、 medical diagnostics,helping doctors better understand and treat diseases.Additionally,personalized medicine will emerge as a key trend.With more precise measurement data,doctors can tailor personalized treatment plans for each patient,improving treatment effectiveness and reducing unnecessary medic

260、ation and procedures.Innovations in quantum magnetometry technology will drive the innovation of medical research and treatment methods,potentially improving the quality of life for patients and opening doors for the development of novel disease treatment methods.In terms of equipment,future develop

261、ments will focus on improving measurement accuracy,reducing costs,enhancing device portability,and usability.This will encourage more healthcare institutions and clinical laboratories to adopt quantum precision measurement technology,promoting its widespread application in the medical field.Furtherm

262、ore,if SERF magnetometers achieve further breakthroughs in performance,sensitivity,and cost,they may become the dominant tools in magnetic measurement technology in the medical field in the future.This could lead to more precise and cost-effective magnetic measurement solutions,driving rapid develop

263、ment in the field of medical magnetometry.Chapter fourIndustry Application52Energy and Environmental Protection In the field of energy and environmental protection,Western countries,particularly Europe and the United States,are the main drivers,while the Asia-Pacific region lags behind in this area.

264、From a technological perspective,quantum precision measurement technology provides important support for the efficient operation of smart grids,climate change monitoring and understanding,formulation of environmental protection decisions,and understanding of dynamic changes in the atmosphere through

265、 the provision of high-precision synchronization solutions,gravity gradient measurements,meteorological monitoring,and radiofrequency sensing.The application of these technologies contributes to the innovation and development of the energy and environmental protection sector.The following figure mai

266、nly describes and analyzes the representative progress of quantum precision measurement in the energy and environmental protection field in 2023.The selection criteria prioritize collaborations between mid-level quantum precision measurement companies and well-known companies or institutions in the

267、energy and environmental protection sector,with an emphasis on generating tangible or quantitative results,with few exploratory collaborations.Chapter fourIndustry Application0353Application directionsSmart GridsReadings of important climate factors include sea level rise,rate of ice melt,changes in

268、 terrestrial water resources,and variations in ocean heat storage.Near-Earth observations based on low-cost satellites.Stratospheric Balloon SystemCore DevelopmentThe new synchronization solution utilizes satellite timing and positioning technology to address the vulnerabilities in GPS and other GNS

269、S systems,which are increasingly susceptible to interference and spoofing attacks.This solution can be applied in industries such as smart grids.Developing Photonic Integrated Circuits(PICs)to detect minute variations in Earths gravity from space.This device utilizes numerous lasers and optical comp

270、onents to cool and trap atoms,enabling highly sensitive measurements of gravity gradients.The experimental images,while not showing hotspots of methane concentration,still allow for the precise quantification of the exact flow rate of emissions from the open sewage tank diffusion.Testing RF Sensing

271、Technologies for Next-Generation Quantum and Stratospheric Exploration in Environments from Near-Earth to Atmospheric EdgePartner Technical roadmapRubidium atomic clockCold Atom Absolute GravimeterQuantum-Enhanced RadarRydberg Atom AntennaFigure:Examples of Quantum Precision Measurement Progress in

272、the Energy and Environmental Protection SectorUSAChapter fourIndustry Application|Version Feb 2024USA、SwitezerlandUKUSA54In the future,quantum precision measurement technology will extensively penetrate the energy and environmental protection sector,demonstrating diverse application scenarios.Optimi

273、zation of smart grids will be achieved through the enhancement of temporal and spatial synchronization accuracy using quantum synchronization solutions,thereby improving the operational efficiency of power systems,reducing energy wastage,and enhancing energy utilization.Additionally,climate monitori

274、ng and response efforts will benefit from the high sensitivity monitoring provided by quantum-enhanced radar systems,enabling accurate monitoring of key climate factors and supporting more targeted environmental initiatives.The application of cold-atom absolute gravimeters in the study of gravitatio

275、nal variations on Earth holds the promise of providing precise data for disciplines such as geology and geophysics,advancing our understanding of the Earths interior structure and dynamics.In terms of technological innovation,future developments will continuously pursue the goals of improving measur

276、ement accuracy,expanding application domains,and reducing costs.The design of novel sensors will focus on sensitivity,compactness,and reliability to adapt to various environments and application scenarios,thereby enhancing measurement accuracy.The formulation of efficient data processing algorithms

277、will ensure the more effective processing of quantum measurement data,improving real-time performance and accuracy.The design and manufacture of advanced experimental devices will ensure reliable quantum precision measurements under various conditions.Chapter fourIndustry Application55Synchronous Co

278、mmunicationIn the field of synchronous communication,quantum precision measurement technology has been widely applied and collaborated upon globally,with a predominant presence in Europe and North America.The technological pathways in this domain mainly involve atomic clocks and their sub-technologi

279、cal products.These enterprises have propelled the development of applications such as critical communications between synchronous aircraft and control towers,5G base stations and data centers,and railway mobile communication systems through the research and application of technology pathway products

280、 like rubidium atomic clocks,cesium atomic clocks,optical clocks,and cold atomic clocks.The following chart mainly selects representative advancements of quantum precision measurement in the field of synchronous communication in 2023 for discussion and analysis.The selection criteria prioritize coll

281、aborations between mid-tier quantum precision measurement enterprises and well-known enterprises or institutions in the synchronous communication field,focusing primarily on producing tangible or quantitative results,with a smaller portion exploring collaborative endeavors.0456Industry ApplicationCh

282、apter fourApplication directionsCritical communication between synchronized aircraft and control towers5G base stations and data centersRailway mobile communication systemsWireless broadband,network synchronization,autonomous vehicles,sensor networksCore DevelopmentThe new generation of cesium atomi

283、c clocks can assist the air traffic control in the United States by utilizing broadcast automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast(ADS-B)and wide-area multilateration(WAM)to accurately locate aircraft positions in the national airspace.Utilizing low Earth orbit satellites as a unique time source not

284、 only provides an effective alternative to GNSS but also enhances the reliability and security of GNSS.This dual-source approach aligns with the principle of zero trust.Deutsche Bahn utilizes the companys optical cesium atomic clock technology to provide precise timing for its nationwide railway net

285、work.The enhanced primary reference clock solution will enable Deutsche Bahn to implement predictive maintenance and other technological advancements across the entire network.The companys Tiqker cold atomic clock product won the Platinum Award in the 2023 Military+Aerospace Electronics(MAE)Innovato

286、rs Awards.Partner Technical roadmapCesium atomic clockRubidium atomic clockOptical atomic clockCold atomic clockIndustry Application|Version Feb 2024Figure:Examples of Quantum Precision Measurement Progress in the Synchronous Communication Sector 57USAUSAUSA,SwitzelandUSA,SwitzelandChapter fourIn th

287、e future,chip-scale atomic clocks are poised to replace the existing crystal oscillator technology in 5G base stations.The miniaturized design of chip-scale atomic clocks makes them easier to embed into communication equipment,providing higher frequency stability and time synchronization performance

288、,which will help improve the efficiency and performance of communication systems.This is particularly significant for scenarios such as mobile communication base stations,especially for 5G networks requiring highly precise time synchronization,playing a crucial role in driving advancements in these

289、fields.Optical clock technology will become one of the key technologies in synchronous communication.With its outstanding frequency stability and accuracy,optical clocks will become the ideal choice for fields such as financial transactions and network communications.In the future,as optical technol

290、ogy continues to advance,the performance of optical clocks is expected to further improve,meeting the high demands for time synchronization and promoting more precise data transmission and processing in synchronous communication systems.In clock ensembles,averaging multiple measurements is a common

291、strategy to mitigate external interference and improve measurement accuracy and stability.This approach positively impacts the reliability and robustness of synchronous communication systems.Future developments will focus more on the multimodal integration of quantum precision measurement technology

292、,integrating different types of measurement techniques to provide more comprehensive and versatile measurement solutions.58Chapter fourIndustry ApplicationNote:*The cold atom rubidium interferometer for quantum acceleration measurement in orbit-Pathfinder mission preparation is an EU-wide project,an

293、d iXblue is also a French company,so the country position here is listed as EU.Application directionsAstronomical researchResearch on quantum technology based on spin and photonsLandmine detection and validationCold atom rubidium interferometer for quantum acceleration measurement in orbit-Pathfinde

294、r mission preparation.Core DevelopmentThe company conducted a three-month evaluation of its latest OSA 3300-HP high-performance optical cesium atomic clock,and the results far exceeded the product specifications.This technology will play a crucial role in astronomical research.The device can provide

295、 quantitative data on surface magnetic fields,electric currents,and electric fields with nanometer resolution and high sensitivity.Currently,the equipment has been installed in Professor Vidya Praveen Bhallamudis laboratory.Simulating the conditions and environments experienced during global deminin

296、g work involves validating a comprehensive range of 143 different items,including landmines,bullets,unexploded ordnance,and improvised explosive devices(IEDs).It is used to study satellite-based observations of changes in Earths mass distribution,such as glacier melting or groundwater loss.Independe

297、nt development and operation of space missions based on quantum sensors can be achieved,assisting in the completion of a series of related experiments.Partner Technical roadmapCesium atomic clockDiamond NV centerQuantum-enhanced radarCold atom absolute gravimeterScientific ResearchIn the field of sc

298、ientific research,quantum precision measurement technology has demonstrated broad and profound application prospects.From a regional perspective,European and American countries play important roles in promoting the development of quantum precision measurement technology in scientific research.In glo

299、bal collaboration,countries such as Germany,Switzerland,and India collaborate with research institutions to jointly promote innovation in quantum precision measurement technology.The following chart primarily selects representative advancements of quantum precision measurement in the scientific rese

300、arch field in 2023,discussing and analyzing collaborations between medium-sized enterprises in quantum precision measurement and renowned research institutions.The selection criteria prioritize tangible or quantitative results,with a few collaborations explored for potential outcomes.USAChapter four

301、Industry Application05|Version Feb 2024Figure:Examples of Progress in Quantum Precision Measurement in Scientific ResearchGermany,SwitzerlandSwitzerland,IndiaEU*59In the future,the alternative value of quantum precision measurement technology in the scientific research field will become more promine

302、nt.Quantum precision measurement technology not only offers higher precision but also demonstrates superior performance in scientific experiments.Additionally,its widespread application in research is evident in providing quantitative data on surface magnetic fields,currents,and electric fields.The

303、nanometer resolution and high sensitivity of these quantum sensors make them indispensable tools in laboratory environments,facilitating scientists to delve into the study of phenomena at the microscopic scale.Furthermore,the application of quantum precision measurement technology in simulating glob

304、al demining efforts highlights its practical significance in the research field.This technology can verify conditions and environments across various domains in the laboratory and can also be applied in satellite observations to assist in a series of related experiments,thereby advancing a deeper un

305、derstanding of complex issues in scientific research.In the realm of scientific research,quantum precision measurement technology is continuously innovating to provide scientists with more powerful tools,driving continuous breakthroughs in scientific research.Chapter fourIndustry Application60Invest

306、ment and Financing05Chapter fiveInvestment and Financing05Investment and FinancingContentsOverview of FinancingRegional Distribution of FinancingTypes of FinancingFinancing DirectionNumber of Financing Rounds010203040562Overview of FinancingIn the field of quantum precision measurement in 2023,finan

307、cing enterprises are mainly divided into three categories:trapped atoms/ions,solid-state spins(NV centers),and others.According to public information,a total of 17 companies worldwide raised approximately$238 million in financing.For companies that have not disclosed specific financing amounts,inclu

308、ding Chinas Ruilun Technology(Beijing),Benewake(Beijing)Photonics,Suzhou Guoshun Laser,Ningbo Yuanxin Optoelectronics,Suzhou Shiguangxin Science and Technology(China),Lingming Photonics,Fushi Technology,Germanys N Vision Imaging Technologies(Series A),Germanys N Vision Imaging Technologies(governmen

309、t grant),Quantum Diamonds,UKs Skylark Lasers,and US-based Source Photonics,estimated amounts were provided.Compared to 2022(approximately$949 million),the total financing scale in 2023 has decreased.The instability of the global economic situation and potential changes in policies and regulations ma

310、y have led investors to adopt a conservative approach in emerging technology sectors,thereby impacting the scale of investment and financing.Additionally,the data collection process is based on company announcements,which may result in a lag between the reported financing rounds and the actual occur

311、rences.Chapter fiveInvestment and Financing0163Figure:Total Financing Amount in the Global Quantum Precision Measurement Sector from 2020 to 2023(Unit:$M)1485.20150.00949.00238.272020202120222023|Version Feb 202464Chapter fiveInvestment and FinancingRegional Distribution of FinancingThe majority of

312、funding goes to companies in the United States,followed by China and Germany.In 2023,funded companies are from five countries(United States,China,Australia,Germany,United Kingdom).Based on disclosed financing amounts(Source Photonics from the United States,N Vision Imaging Technologies(Series:A)from

313、 Germany,N Vision Imaging Technologies(Series:Grant)from Germany,Benewake from China,Adaps Photonics from Shenzhen),the highest amount of funding goes to companies in the United States(approximately$90 million,1 company),followed by China(approximately$74 million,9 companies),Germany(approximately$5

314、7 million,3 companies),the United Kingdom(approximately$10 million,3 companies),and Australia(approximately$8 million,1 company).Figure:Global Quantum Precision Measurement Financing Amounts in 2023(Unit:$M)Chapter fiveInvestment and Financing02|Version Feb 202473.829.7690.008.087.56ChinaUKUSAGerman

315、yAustralia65Types of FinancingThe main type of financing is Series A investment.This financing survey is categorized into several types:Seed Round(including Pre-seed),Series A(including Pre-A),Series B,Series C(including C+),Series D,Government Grants,and Others(Strategic Investment,undisclosed).Fro

316、m the perspective of financing types,Series A financing is the most common(7 rounds,accounting for 41.67%of the total),indicating that companies in the quantum precision measurement sector are still in the early stages of development and require early-stage financing as well as government investment

317、.Chapter fiveInvestment and Financing0366Figure:Financing situation of global quantum precision measurement companies in 2023|Version Feb 2024RoundRoundTrapped Trapped a atoms/ionstoms/ionsSolid-state spinSolid-state spinOthersOthersSeed(including Pre-Seed)A(includingPre-A)BC(including C+)DGovernmen

318、t GrantsOthers12%41%6%6%6%12%17%Seed（Including Pre-Seed）A（including Pre-A）BC（including C+）Dgovernment grantOthersFinancing rounds situation 67Chapter fiveInvestment and FinancingFunding DirectionIn 2023,financing enterprises in the field of quantum precision measurement are mainly categorized into t

319、hree major technological paths:trapped atoms/ions,solid-state spins,and others.From the compiled data,it is observed that in 2023,a total of 5 companies received funding to advance neutral atom development,including Xhtime,Guoce,Skylark Lasers,Delta g,and Source Photonics,collectively raising approx

320、imately$13 million.In the solid-state spin industry sector,3 companies secured financing,namely Germanys N Vision Imaging Technologies(Series A),Germanys N Vision Imaging Technologies(government grant),and Quantum Diamonds(Germany),with a combined funding of$57 million.In other directions,9 companie

321、s received investments,primarily focused on upstream laser technologies.These include Suzhou Guoshun Laser(China),Ningbo Yuanxin Optoelectronics(China),Skylark Lasers(UK),Source Photonics(US),Ruilun Technology(Beijing)(China),Benewake(Beijing)Photonics(China),Suzhou Shiguangxin Science and Technolog

322、y(China),Lingming Photonics(China),and Fushi Technology(China),collectively raising$168 million in funding.Chapter fiveInvestment and Financing045.62%23.98%70.40%Trapped atoms/ionsSolid state spinOthersFigure:Distribution of Investment Technologies in the Quantum Precision Measurement Field in 2023|

323、Version Feb 202468Financing RoundsIn 2023,a total of 17 financing events occurred in the quantum precision measurement sector,representing an increase compared to the number of financing events in 2022 and roughly consistent with the number in 2021.The increased financing activity in the quantum pre

324、cision measurement sector in 2023 can be attributed to several factors.Firstly,continuous breakthroughs and advancements in technology within this field have sparked strong interest from investors in related startups and projects.Additionally,government policy support and the overall market environm

325、ent have provided a favorable backdrop for the development of quantum precision measurement,bolstering investor confidence in this sector.In 2023,the German National Metrology Institute(PTB)released its Tasks and Goals for the Period 2023-2025 plan,which includes research and development efforts in

326、utilizing quantum metrology techniques for representing and preserving electrical units,developing high-sensitivity quantum-based electrical measurement methods and sensors,and optimizing integrated quantum circuits for semiconductor single-electron sources and broadband single-electron detectors(RF

327、 ensemble detectors).Similarly,China has issued several documents outlining development plans for metrology,promoting research in quantum precision measurement and quantum sensing technologies,and strengthening the original innovation of metrologys fundamental theories and core technologies.Investor

328、s hold a more optimistic outlook for the future of the quantum precision measurement sector,leading to increased willingness to invest.Chapter fiveInvestment and Financing0569Figure:Number of Quantum Precision Measurement Financing Rounds(2020-2023)Chapter fiveInvestment and Financing10161017|Versio

329、n Feb 202410161017202020212022202370Supplier Evaluation06Chapter sixSupplier Evaluation06Supplier EvaluationContentsCTF Model-Quantum Clock CTF Model-Quantum Magnetic MeasurementCTF Model-Quantum Gravity MeasurementAnalysis of Typical Enterprises0102030472Chengdu Spaceon Elect Oscilloquartz SASynchi

330、onization Techology AccuBeatCOSIC TELEDYNE e2VMicrosemi SymmetricomInfleqtionIn the field of quantum clocks,organizations like Microsemi and Symmetricom are leading in optical clocks.Molecular clocks are currently only publicly pursued by companies like Zhongweidaxin.In the realm of microwave clocks

331、,the global market is mature,with key players being companies like Oscilloquartz and the 203 Institute in China.Among countries with atomic clock technology,the United States and Europe have numerous commercialized companies.Few other regions have commercialized companies,with most of the technology

332、 being held by national metrology standards-setting institutions and research institutes.Symmetricom in the United States is a leading technology provider in atomic clocks.Additionally,according to public reports,the European Union and Japan have also developed prototype chip-scale atomic clocks.CTF

333、 Model-Quantum ClockQuantum precision measurement scientific instruments mainly provide high-end laboratory or industrial equipment for fields such as biomedicine,materials science,and nanotechnology.Currently commercialized products primarily include various types of microwave atomic clocks(rubidium clocks,hydrogen clocks,cesium clocks),microwave chip-scale atomic clocks,optical clocks,chip-scale