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1、RescueState ofElectricVehiclesJULY 2023ContentsIntroduction 3Our Team at the EV Council 62023 Highlights 7Electric car sales 8Australias electric car fleet 10Top-selling electric car models 11Electric car sales across Australian States and Territories 12Electric Vehicle Model Availability 14Electric

2、 cars,vans and utes (light vehicles)15Electric trucks 16Electric buses 16Electric motorcycles and scooters 16Charging Infrastructure 17Energy policy related to Electric Vehicles 21Public high power EV charger availability 21Accelerating the deployment of high-power fast charging sites 21Destination

3、charging 24Smart Charging 24Regulations 25Apartment complexes 26On the horizon V2G!27Electric Vehicle Policy 28Priority Area A Comprehensive Strategy for Heavy Vehicle Electrification within the National EV Strategy Framework 29A globally competitive New Vehicle Efficiency Standard 30Light EV Incent

4、ives Across Australia 33Electric Vehicle Policy Scorecard 36Local Government 52Appendix A Explanation of Policy Assessment Metrics 55Appendix B Electric Vehicle Sales 62Appendix C Electric Vehicle Model Availability 63Electric cars available to order 63Electric cars expected to be available in Austr

5、alia in the future 68Electric utes and vans(available today and coming soon)69Electric trucks 70Electric buses 71Electric two and three-wheelers 723STATE OF EVs|2023IntroductionOver the past 12 months interest in electric vehicles has significantly expanded.While Australia still has some way to go i

6、n ensuring local EV adoption aligns with our emission reduction targets,at least in the light vehicle market we are seeing early,positive signs that demand is trending in the right direction.8.4%of all new cars sold in 2023 so far have been EVs.This is more than a 120%increase compared to all of 202

7、2.While this trend is encouraging,it is important to note that the vast majority of EV sales is made up of only 3 models(Tesla Model Y,Tesla Model 3,BYD Atto 3),representing over 68%of the EV market.While there are now 91 electric car,van and ute models available in Australia,most of these are only

8、being supplied in small volumes.This is a consequence of Australia not having a New Vehicle Efficiency Standard to ensure car manufacturers increase the supply of EVs to our country.The Electric Vehicle Council prepared a detailed submission to the Australian Governments consultation on the design o

9、f a standard specifically for Australia1.1 https:/.au/submissions/evc-submission-to-fuel-efficiency-standard-cleaner-cheaper-to-run-cars-for-australia/4STATE OF EVs|2023INTRODUCTIONThe EVC continues to call on the government to ensure a globally-competitive New Vehicle Efficiency Standard is introdu

10、ced to parliament before the end of this year,and started as soon as possible.This is not only necessary for supporting our nations emission reduction targets,but important for securing a wide range of affordable EVs,of all shapes and sizes,to enable Australian households and businesses to slash the

11、ir fuel bills.Although Australia has a lot of work to do to catch up with leading EV countries,every state,territory,and the federal government is now actively supporting the uptake of zero-emission technology.Early 2023 also saw the Australian Government release its first national EV strategy,which

12、 is a step in the right direction but more needs to be done.Unfortunately,the local adoption of heavy EVs,including buses and trucks,is still lagging in large part due to a lack of regulatory reform by government to enable uptake.While there is strong interest from industry to make the switch to ele

13、ctric heavy vehicles,this transition is being held back by a lack of suitable vehicles.This is a result of Australian governments imposing restrictive vehicle mass and width requirements that increase costs and limit the range of electric buses and trucks that can be sold in Australia.Without immedi

14、ate action,the decarbonisation of Australias 800,000 buses and trucks will continue to be delayed,leaving consumers paying more for goods,and communities breathing in more vehicle pollution.Importantly,Australia also needs to realise the long-term opportunities presented by the transition to EVs and

15、 support the creation of thousands of jobs through development of Australian critical minerals,batteries,components,chargers,and vehicles of all shapes and sizes.5STATE OF EVs|2023INTRODUCTIONThe Electric Vehicle Councils priority for 2023 continues to be the introduction of policies to increase the

16、 supply of both light and heavy EVs.This includes advocating for the introduction of an ambitious and globally-competitive New Vehicle Efficiency Standard that will support Australia in achieving its net-zero target by 2050 and encourage manufacturers to introduce more affordable EV models to the lo

17、cal market.It also includes advocating for the revision of mass and width restrictions for electric trucks and buses to enable and accelerate local adoption.The 2023 State of EVs report provides our latest annual assessment of Australian federal,state and territory governments performance with respe

18、ct to electric vehicle policy,combined with a mid-year local market update on light EV sales,model availability and charging infrastructure deployment.This edition builds on our 2022 Australian Electric Vehicle Industry Recap,released in February 2023.Moving forward,we will continue to release full-

19、year industry recaps in February each year,with our 2023 recap to be released in February 2024.The State of EVs report will continue to be published in July each year.The Electric Vehicle Council looks forward to continuing to work with Australian governments,industry and consumers to champion Austr

20、alias transition to an electrified transport sector.6STATE OF EVs|2023Our Team at the EV CouncilBehyad Jafari Chief Executive OfficerJake Whitehead Head of PolicyNatalie Thompson Senior Manager-PolicyAnnika Ernest Policy InternUmair Afzal Programs and Insights OfficerBailey Sievewright Administrativ

21、e&Communications OfficerRoss De Rango Head of Energy and InfrastructureAdam Macmillan Technical Officer7STATE OF EVs|20232023 Highlightshigh power public chargers locations in Australia967558fast charger locations ultra-fast charger locations.438120Types of high power charging:24 99 kW DCFAST CHARGI

22、NG100kW+DCULTRA-FAST CHARGINGCharging Highlightsmodels of electric trucks&commercial vansmodels of electric buses32PHEVs592222BEVsmodels of two/three-wheelers42148Variants91ModelsModel AvailabilityHighlightsTop 5 EVs sold so far in 2023ACT leads Australia on 21.8%of all new cars being EVs21.8%Tesla

23、Model Y accounted for 30%of all EV sales30%TeslaModel YBEV14,00211,575Tesla Model 3 BEVBYDAtto 3BEVMG ZSEVBEVVolvoXC40BEV6,1961,7871,596EVs sold YTD June 202346,624of all new cars sold are EVs increase up from 3.8%during 2022+121%8.4%(More than the total no.of EV sales in 2022)?Sales Highlights56%in

24、crease in variants from 2022?57%increase from 2022?*Excludes regular public charging under 24kWFEDACTNSWNTQLDSATASVICWA7/109/109/104/107/106/104/105/106/10Electric Vehicle Policy Scorecard8STATE OF EVs|2023Electric car salesSales of electric cars in Australia have continued to increase,with the tota

25、l volume of sales in the first half of 2023 so far beating the total for 2022.As of the end of June,2023,46,624 EVs had been sold in Australia almost 3 times higher than the same period in 2022(a 269%increase).Taking the total number of new electric cars sold,EVs now represent 8.4%of all new cars so

26、ld in Australia.This is a 120.5%increase compared to all of 2022.EV SALES IN AUSTRALIA:2011-2023BEVPHEV20112012100Thousands9080706050403020102013201420152016201720182019202020212022YTDJune 2023Forecast Q3/Q4 2023 BEV Sales8.4%3.81%2.05%0.78%0.65%0.21%0.19%0.12%0.15%0.12%0.02%0.02%0%Forecast Q3/Q4 20

27、23 PHEV SalesEV%ShareSources:VFACTs,OEM-supplied data,government sources and EVC database.9STATE OF EVs|2023ELECTRIC CAR SALESWhile these most recent sales figures are encouraging,in order for Australia to achieve its climate targets,it is expected that more than 50%of all new cars sold in 2030 will

28、 need to be EVs.This means Australia will need to aim for around 1 million EVs on our roads by the end of 2027.In order to achieve this,Australia needs to see a significant increase in the supply of EV models.This will only happen if the Australian Government implements an ambitious and globally-com

29、petitive New Vehicle Efficiency Standard that brings us into line with comparable overseas markets,like the US,EU and New Zealand.From reviewing global EV adoption rates for 2022 we can see that Australia continues to lag the global average,and is significantly behind many EU markets,the UK and Chin

30、a.Even Thailand-another right hand drive vehicle market-is now seeing a rapid expansion in the adoption EVs thanks to supportive EV policy introduced by the Thai Government.Only June 2023 data available for Australia,New Zealand,Norway.All other countries are YTD May 2023.Global average is based on

31、IEA forecast for 2023.Sources:International Energy Agency,New Zealand Ministry of Transport,China Association of Automobile Manufacturers,Thai Department of Land Transport,InsideEVs,Cleantechnica,EVVolumes,Electric Autonomy Canada,EV Database NZ,VFACTS.While not all countries have published YTD 2023

32、 figures yet,from those that have,we can see that Australias increase in EV sales in heading in the right direction,but again,we are still lagging many comparable countries.EV MARKET SHARE BY COUNTRY:YTD 2023 VS 2022GlobalAverageThailandAustraliaCanadaNewZealandSingaporeFranceUnitedKingdomChinaGerma

33、nyNetherlandsSwedenNorway100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%2022YTD May/June 2023Right hand driveLeft hand drive10STATE OF EVs|2023ELECTRIC CAR SALES140,000120,000100,00080,00060,00040,00020,000AUSTRALIAS GROWING ELECTRIC CAR FLEET201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022YTDJune 2023PHEV FleetBEV

34、 FleetTotal EV FleetAustralias electric car fleetWe estimated that there are now approximately 130,000 EVs on Australias roads,made up of around 109,000 BEVs and 21,000 PHEVs.If EV sales continue at the same rate for the remainder of 2023,the fleet should reach close to 180,000 by years end.Sources:

35、VFACTs,OEM-supplied data,government sources and EVC database.11STATE OF EVs|2023ELECTRIC CAR SALESThere has been a continuing shift towards consumers preferring battery-electric vehicles(BEVs),over plug-in hybrid electric vehicles(PHEVs).BEVs now represent over 90%of Australias EV market.Top-selling

36、 electric car modelsAustralia EV sales so far in 2023 have been dominated by 3 models,with the Tesla ModelY,Tesla Model 3,and BYD Atto 3,representing 68.1%of Australias EV market.The top 15 EV models sold in Australia so far in 2023 have been included below:Tesla Model Y(BEV)2,0004,0006,0008,00010,0

37、0012,00014,00016,000Tesla Model 3(BEV)BYD Atto 3(BEV)MG ZS EV(BEV)Volvo XC40(BEV)MG HS(PHEV)Polestar 2(BEV)Volvo C40(BEV)Kia EV6(BEV)BMW iX(BEV)Ioniq 5(BEV)Hyundai Kona(BEV)Kia Niro(BEV)Mitsubishi Eclipse Cross(PHEV)Mercedes-Benz EQA(BEV)TOP 15 EV MODELS IN AUSTRALIA:YTD JUNE 2023Source:VFACTs12STAT

38、E OF EVs|2023ELECTRIC CAR SALESElectric car sales across Australian States and Territories All state and territory governments have implemented a range of incentives to encourage the purchase of electric vehicles,including rebates to reduce the upfront purchase price,zero-interest loans,and discount

39、s on stamp duty and registration fees.In 2022,the Australian Government also introduced its fringe-benefit tax(FBT)exemption for EVs.This incentive benefits fleets and those consumers that can purchase an EV through salary sacrifice arrangements.The Australian Government also removed import duty for

40、 EVs made in countries without FTA agreements(namely EU and UK).As shown on page 13,the ACT continues to lead the country on EV sales(as a proportion of new vehicle sales)at 21.8%,followed by Tasmania(9.0%),New South Wales(9.0%),Victoria(8.5%),Queensland(7.7%),Western Australia(7.5%),South Australia

41、(6.5%),and the Northern Territory(2.4%).BEV VS PHEV SPLITBEV%PHEV%100%80%60%40%20%0%201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022YTDJune 2023Sources:VFACTs,OEM-supplied data,government sources and EVC database.13STATE OF EVs|2023ELECTRIC CAR SALESEvery state and territory has seen their share of

42、EV sales more than double in 2023 so far,compared to all of 2022.The Northern Territorys EV market increased by 147%,followed by a 143%increase in South Australia and a 142%increase in Tasmania.In percentage terms,the ACT had the largest increase in market share by 12.2%in 2023 so far compared to 20

43、22.This was followed by a 5.3%jump in Tasmania and a 5%jump in New South Wales.Disappointingly,the Victorian Government has prematurely withdrawn its EV incentive,with minimal notice to consumers,no phase-out period,and no modelling to understand the impact of this decision.While it is too early to

44、estimate the impact of this negative decision by the Victorian Government,if Australia does introduce a globally-competitive New Vehicle Efficiency Standard,and as a result sees an increase in the supply of EVs,Victorias approach will see it at the back of the queue for this supply.Ultimately this a

45、pproach,in addition to already having the worlds worst EV policy with respect to taxing EVs,risks jeopardising Victorias ability to achieve its own emission reduction targets.At the very least,the Electric Vehicle Council are calling on the Victorian Government to pause its EV tax to minimise the ne

46、gative impact of this policy,combined with the premature withdrawal of the EV incentive,on Victorian consumers.Please note that we continue to explore opportunities to include information on electric bus and truck sales in our future reports.If you would like to support the Electric Vehicle Council

47、in obtaining relevant electric bus and electric truck data,please contact:officeevc.org.au.NEW EV SALES SHARE BY STATE/TERRITORY:2022 VS YTD JUNE 2023 EV Share 2022EV Share YTD June 202325%20%15%10%5%0%ACTNSWNTQLDSATASVICWAAUSNote:State/territory market share is an estimate based on total light vehi

48、cles sales after subtracting the estimated heavy vehicles sales in each jurisdiction.Source:VFACTs14STATE OF EVs|2023An ambitious and globally-competitive New Vehicle Efficiency Standard will help to resolve the supply issue for light electric vehicles in coming years and increase model availability

49、 and supply of more affordable vehicles into the country.Electric Vehicle Model AvailabilityGlobal and local supply constraints continue to restrict availability of all types of EVs in Australia.Australia lags behind similar right-hand drive markets like the United Kingdom in EV sales,with only arou

50、nd 8%of new light vehicles sold in Australia being EVs.The lack of an ambitious New Vehicle Efficiency Standard and nationally-consistent EV policy is a major contributing factor to the limited availability of EVs in Australia,which is hindering the transition to EVs.BEV Battery electric vehicle A B

51、EV is 100%powered by a battery 100%of the time.PHEVPlug-in hybrid electric vehicle A PHEV has two power trains a battery and an internal combustion engine vehicle.The driver can choose to drive on the battery to a certain range or use the engine.15STATE OF EVs|2023ELECTRIC VEHICLE MODEL AVAILABILITY

52、Additionally,a strategic approach needs to be taken to reduce the regulatory barriers that are slowing the adoption of electric trucks,buses and other vehicles.Governments must move quicker to resolve these issues so that fleets can gain access to a greater range of EV options.Please note that figur

53、es on model availability across vehicle segments are based on industry submissions and desktop research.Electric cars,vans and utes (light vehicles)The number of EVs available on the Australian market has continued to increase into 2023.There are now 74 electric car models,7 electric ute models(incl

54、uding conversions)and 10 electric van models.This includes both BEVs and PHEVs.In total,there are 91 light electric vehicle models now available in Australia,and 148 variants of these models.This is a 56%increase in variants compared to 2022.While it is encouraging to see the number of models contin

55、ue to increase,it should be noted that many of these models are only supplied in low volumes in large part due to the lack of a New Vehicle Efficiency Standard in Australia.This issue can be resolved in the near future,if the Australian Government introduces this standard to parliament before the en

56、d of 2023.ModelVariantModel AModel A-variant 1(PHEV)Model A-variant 2(standard range)Model A-variant 3(long range)ElectricGasolineGasolineElectricElectricElectric16STATE OF EVs|2023ELECTRIC VEHICLE MODEL AVAILABILITYElectric trucksThere are approximately 12 different electric trucks currently availa

57、ble on the Australian market.Unfortunately,we have been unable to report sales figures for these vehicles due to unavailability of data.What we do know is that there is considerable interest from fleets in this technology due to the significant potential to reduce the total cost of ownership of heav

58、y vehicle operations,as well as reduce emissions.Unfortunately,the Australian electric truck market is being held back by a lack of action by the Australian Government in expediting the relaxation of mass and width limit restrictions on these vehicles.Without these changes,supply of this important t

59、echnology to Australia will continue to be constrained.State and Territory Governments also have a key role to play in advocating for the acceleration of the regulatory reforms required to support electric truck adoption,as well as to enable permitting of these vehicles for use on their roads.Electr

60、ic busesThere are approximately 22 electric buses available on the Australian market.With state and territory governments accelerating efforts to electrify Australias public transport systems,we can expect the bus vehicle segment to continue steady year on year growth.Similar to trucks,supply of ele

61、ctric buses will remain constrained until regulatory barriers related to vehicle width and mass are resolved.Electric motorcycles and scootersThere are currently approximately 42 models of electric motorcycles and scooters(mopeds)available in Australia.Encouragingly,we are also seeing a continuing e

62、xpansion of shared and private electric bikes and stand-up scooters(micro-mobility)through trials,and broader regulatory changes across Australia,all aimed at ensuring safe usage and minimising risks to pedestrians and riders.17STATE OF EVs|2023Charging InfrastructurePublic charging equipment in Aus

63、tralia continues to expand.As at 30 June 2023,the number of high-power public charging locations was 558,while the number of individual high power public EV chargers in service was 967.This is a 57%increase in high-power charging locations compared to the same time last year.Note that many of these

64、locations have multiple charging bays in place,to support multiple cars charging simultaneously.FAST AND ULTRA-FAST PUBLIC CHARGING LOCATIONS OVER TIME FastUltra-fast500450400350300250200150100500Jun.22Dec.22Jun.23The data included above is drawn from a range of sources to inform this report.The Ele

65、ctric Vehicle Council has made reasonable efforts to ensure accuracy,but we have not independently verified every location.18STATE OF EVs|2023CHARGING INFRASTRUCTUREPublic charging locations by region and power level as at 30 June 2023:State/TerritoryFast(24kW-99kW DC)Ultrafast(100kW DC and above)To

66、talACT639NSW13143174NT303QLD9316109SA42951TAS31536VIC9732129WA361248Grand Total438120558 The data included above is drawn from a range of sources to inform this report.The Electric Vehicle Council has made reasonable efforts to ensure accuracy,but we have not independently verified every location.19

67、STATE OF EVs|2023CHARGING INFRASTRUCTUREPlans for the continued rollout of high-power public charging continue to be announced.Hundreds of locations have already been deployed,and hundreds more are planned for de-ployment in the coming years to fill the gaps.Current deployment of high-power DC EV ch

68、arging locations as of June 2023:Source:Plugshare 20STATE OF EVs|2023CHARGING INFRASTRUCTUREFuture planned DC charging locations,under various state and federal government programs*The information above is drawn from a range of sources.Please note that the locations displayed could consist of both A

69、C and DC charging stations,and there may be additional planned stations that are not yet listed.21STATE OF EVs|2023Energy policy related to Electric VehiclesPublic high-power EV charger availabilityThe availability of public high-power EV charging continues to be top of mind for the EV industry,and

70、for motorists.The EVC published a report on this recently,identifying the causal factors that can lead to non-availability,and the steps that industry and government can take to reach a future where a driver no longer needs to consider whether the EV charger they choose to stop at will be available.

71、This report is available for download here.Accelerating the deployment of high-power fast charging sitesWhile we have seen substantial growth in the number of high-power charging sites deployed,there is potential for greater progress in the national high-power charging roll-out.There are a couple of

72、 easy ways to accelerate deployment(see next page):22STATE OF EVs|2023ENERGY POLICY RELATED TO ELECTRIC VEHICLESVisibility of network capacity informationImproving visibility of network capacity information offers a multitude of benefits for the planning and deployment of charging infrastructure.It

73、can save substantial time for organisations planning deployments,make it easier for infrastructure planners and electricity utilities to do business,and allow the industry to collectively shape the future of an electrified transport system.Essential Energy has released a great tool that provides ins

74、ights into the estimated capacity on their low voltage network.Given many variables determine if a network has capacity for electric vehicle load,the tool doesnt replace a formal connection application process.However,it does allow organisations to rapidly assess a geographic area against their equi

75、pment deployment plans.For Essential Energy,this potentially reduces the number of individual applications needed for a business planning multiple EV infrastructure sites,with a higher probability that the selected sites will be fit-for-purpose.This is currently the gold standard in Australia demons

76、trating the potential of sharing existing data in an accessible way.We encourage all DNSPs to stand up something similar to Essential Energys tool,to allow organisations to leverage network capacity information and expedite the deployment of EV charging across the country.Source:Essential Energy.23S

77、TATE OF EVs|2023ENERGY POLICY RELATED TO ELECTRIC VEHICLESSecond lines of connection At established commercial premises like shopping centres and retail locations,the deployment of high-power charging equipment is often impeded by the need to upgrade the existing site connection and main switchboard

78、.This can be costly and disruptive,slowing down the rate of charging installation.A more efficient and cost-effective approach being taken around the world is to implement a second connection from the distribution network to the premises,specifically for the high-power charging equipment.Support for

79、 this approach varies across jurisdictions in Australia,with some DNSPs and regulators more supportive than others.The EVC encourages government,DNSPs,regulators,and industry to come together and develop a nationally consistent,principles-based approach to approving second lines of connection to com

80、mercial premises for the purpose of supporting high power charging.This would fall within the priorities announced under the National EV Strategy earlier this year.24STATE OF EVs|2023ENERGY POLICY RELATED TO ELECTRIC VEHICLESDestination chargingComplementing high power public charging,destination ch

81、arging is being rolled out across the country,providing EV owners with convenient charging options while staying in hotels,motels,and other accommodation providers.The deployment of destination charging at key tourism hotspots also allows travellers to top up while visiting popular destinations,impr

82、oving the overall experience of driving EVs in the regions.NSW is running one of the most effective programs of this kind in the world,as shown by the success of Round 1 of the NSW Electric Vehicle Destination Charging Grants Program which ran from May to November 2022.The program has so far provide

83、d$1.7m of$20m allocated state government funding,securing the deployment of over 500 charging points at almost 200 locations across regional NSW.Critical to the success of this program was close engagement between government and industry together,we do better!Round 2 funding opens soon,and will fund

84、 hundreds,possibly thousands,of additional destination chargers.If youre in regional NSW,and youd like to participate in this program,find out more information here.We encourage other State and Territory governments,along with local governments in states other than NSW,to closely examine and conside

85、r emulating the success of this program,to cost-effectively support the national transition to EVs.Smart ChargingSignificant amounts of work have been done in Australia testing the viability of orchestrating EV charging in domestic homes.2 Recent ARENA funded trials have included:AGL EV Orchestratio

86、n Trial Jemena Dynamic EV Charging Trial Origin Energy EV Smart Charging TrialThese trials have proven locally at a technical level that orchestration of EV charging in the home is possible,and can be delivered through collaboration between a variety of industry participants.Its also become clear th

87、at the energy system benefits of orchestration can largely be achieved by setting appropriate price signals,and leaving the consumers in control which,by and large,is what the consumers prefer.Its been determined that if 2 Including the South Australian government which is investing$3.2 million in E

88、V Smart Charging Trials to address integration risks and optimise charging with renewable energy.25STATE OF EVs|2023ENERGY POLICY RELATED TO ELECTRIC VEHICLESconsumers are exposed to relatively modest pricing nudges,theyll self-manage their EV charging towards using their own solar,or charging off-p

89、eak,most of the time.In the long term,consumers may wish to opt for external orchestration of their charging so,we recommend that consumers installing mode 3 EV chargers(EVSE)in their homes consider choosing a product with OCPP 1.6J(or higher)communications capability.More detail on this topic is av

90、ailable in our report Home EV Charging and the grid:impact to 2030 in Australia.RegulationsThe National Electric Vehicle Strategy includes an objective for harmonisation of service and installation rules.In plain English,this means making the requirements related to charging equipment installation c

91、onsistent across the country.Regrettably,some dont seem to have gotten the memo.South Australias Office of the Technical Regulator has new requirements scheduled to come into effect in July 2024,which will apply unique requirements to the approval and installation of EV charging equipment.Lots of eq

92、uipment that is allowed to be installed in the rest of the country will potentially become unlawful to install in South Australia,needlessly reducing consumer choice,and hindering broader efforts to support the EV transition.Energy Queensland has a rule on the books that forbids the installation of

93、industry standard EV charging equipment on the general power circuit in a home.This means that an installer who is following the rules cannot install a typical EV charger in such a way that a consumer can use their own solar to charge their car.In both of these states,there are concerns about the ef

94、fectiveness of the electrical inspection regime.This means that some consumers are still able to get installations that do not comply with local rules through installers who are prepared to overlook these regulations.The problem with this is that the best,most competent installers will always follow

95、 the rules and therefore be driven out of the market,leaving the market to those who dont follow the rules.Evidently,ill-conceived regulation,drafted without consideration for the consumer or operation of the market,results in unfavourable outcomes.We encourage state-based regulators,DNSPs,governmen

96、ts and other rule-making bodies to consult with industry in the development of regulation,and align with nationally consistent approaches where possible.We do not need individual states going it alone.26STATE OF EVs|2023ENERGY POLICY RELATED TO ELECTRIC VEHICLESApartment complexesIn apartment comple

97、xes,EV charging installations can be tricky.The consumer may not have ready access to electricity where they park their car and even if they do,it might be common property electricity,rather than electricity that turns up on their power bill.Typically,some common property electrical retrofitting of

98、apartment complexes is needed in order to support apartment residents who want to install EV charging equipment.Following updates to the National Construction Code,new apartment buildings around the country are increasingly going to be built EV ready.This means that future installation of EV charger

99、s in those buildings will generally be much,much easier than in apartment buildings where no EV readiness work has been undertaken.These measures dont cost much in the context of a new construction.They are aimed at requiring extra electrical distribution boards in the car parks,so that when the tim

100、e comes and an apartment owner decides they want to install an EV charger at their own cost in their own parking space,it is easy to do.These measures dont require big increases in electrical capacity,because the new requirements allow for EV charging to happen off-peak in a scheduled manner.In exis

101、ting apartment buildings today,we are seeing individuals who have either already bought,or who want to buy an EV,engaging with their owners corporation to get EV chargers installed in shared parking spaces in the building or in their allocated space.Forward-thinking owners corporations are using the

102、se requests as a prompt to plan out how theyre going to serve their residents in a future when almost everyone driving a car is driving an EV and wants to be able to charge it at home.Theyre using resources like those provided by the NSW State Governments EV ready buildings initiative to help them p

103、lan the transition.In future,we expect that apartment buildings that do not adequately plan for this transition will experience some negative commercial outcomes.Renters will increasingly be looking for convenient EV charging as a feature of the building in which theyre renting.Prospective buyers wi

104、ll increasingly consider EV charging facilities and EV readiness when theyre making a buying decision.27STATE OF EVs|2023ENERGY POLICY RELATED TO ELECTRIC VEHICLESOn the horizon V2G!Right now,if youre an Australian driver and you want to feed electricity back into the grid from your car,you can do i

105、f youre a South Australian,with a Nissan,and youre willing to install a Vehicle to Grid(V2G)inverter from one specific manufacturer.Very,very early days!Were working on the technical standards(AS4777)so that in the next couple of years,Australian drivers all over the country will be able to engage i

106、n V2G,with a variety of different vehicles,using equipment available from a range of suppliers competing with each other to drive down costs.These standards will be open for public comment later in the year.If youre an industry player interested in this area,please reach out to us at officeevc.org.a

107、u.V2G is going to take a few years to get to scale but like solar,once it gets there,its going to be huge.A future that involves millions of cars,exporting into the grid during the evening peak,is a future where our electricity grids could be powered by up to 100%renewable energy.28STATE OF EVs|2023

108、Electric Vehicle PolicyNational consistency in policy is important to attract a wide supply of EV models and stimulate consumer demand.After a lost decade,the Electric Vehicle Council welcomes the Australian Governments leadership in developing our countrys first National EV Strategy.The National EV

109、 Strategy aims to:Increase the uptake of EVs to reduce our emissions and improve the wellbeing of AustraliansIncrease the supply of affordable and accessible EVs Establish the resources,systems and infrastructure to enable rapid EV uptake Encourage increase in EV demand.The Government has also commi

110、tted to the introduction of a New Vehicle Efficiency Standard(otherwise known as a fuel efficiency standard)for light vehicles,which will be a key policy lever to achieve climate targets and increase the supply of low emission and electric vehicles into the country.While the development of a Nationa

111、l EV Strategy is a positive step in the right direction,more needs to be done.Australia needs a national strategy that sets long-term policy targets and goals,which includes comprehensive measures to accelerate EV adoption across all segments of transport.As a nation we still have a long way to go.W

112、hile Australias light vehicle fleet is slowly starting to decarbonise,a globally competitive New Vehicle Efficiency Standard is critical for decarbonising this segment of the fleet(see page 30).29STATE OF EVs|2023ELECTRIC VEHICLE POLICYUnfortunately,other segments of the transport sector are even fu

113、rther behind light vehicles.The decarbonisation of other segments,such as buses and trucks,so far has largely been ignored and/or delayed by most Australian governments.This must be urgently addressed given these segments are also critical for achieving net zero by 2050,but also to achieve a minimum

114、 43%reduction by 2030.Priority Area A Comprehensive Strategy for Heavy Vehicle Electrification within the National EV Strategy FrameworkWhile the National EV Strategy is a welcome development,there remain notable gaps with respect to key issues requiring prioritisation to achieve emission reductions

115、 across the transport sector.This includes a clear absence of national leadership to support transitioning heavy vehicle fleets to EVs,including through regulatory reform to assist with supply,alongside demand and infrastructure initiatives.While light vehicles make up around 62%of transport emissio

116、ns,heavy vehicles such as trucks,buses and rail,make up a further 26%.In order for Australia to have a reasonable chance of achieving a 43%reduction in emissions by 2030,and net zero by 2050,efforts must be doubled to decarbonise all transport segments.Changes to Australian Design RulesRegulatory ha

117、rmonisation with international standards will be integral to our ability to decarbonise Australian freight.Australian Design Rules that limit the mass and width of heavy vehicles are inconsistent with major global markets like the EU and US.Until this is rectified,it remains challenging to increase

118、model availability and accelerate the adoption of electric trucks,despite high levels of demand.This is a key responsibility of the Australian Government,and one for which it has so far kicked the can down the road.Industry is calling on government to at least provide temporary exemptions from these

119、 rules,in the short-term,to kick-start a domestic market for electric heavy vehicles,particularly trucks.30STATE OF EVs|2023ELECTRIC VEHICLE POLICYIncentives and InfrastructureTo date we have seen fragmented,piecemeal approaches undertaken across different regions,including a range of trials and pil

120、ot projects.This is a broadly inefficient approach particularly given Australia can take lessons from international players that are already adopting electric trucks and buses into their transport systems.3 Funding to electrify buses for public transit has been the major focus of States and Territor

121、ies to date.Support is needed to scale up existing efforts to electrify trucks(and private bus fleets)where solutions already exist.See our joint report with the Australian Trucking Association(ATA)on measures to support the update of electric trucks here.A globally competitive New Vehicle Efficienc

122、y StandardAustralia needs a globally competitive New Vehicle Efficiency Standard that enables our nation to catch up to comparable international markets like the US,EU and New Zealand by 2030 at the latest.Implementation of a competitive standard as soon as possible will be necessary to ensure that

123、Australian transport emissions start to fall,and that the government meets its legislated emission reduction targets.The Electric Vehicle Council provided a comprehensive submission as part of the Australian Governments consultation on a standard.Our recommended key principles are:Targets included i

124、n the standard must support Australia in achieving its emission reduction targets of a 43%reduction by 2030 and net zero by 2050The scheme should be as simple as possible,with few to no concessionsIn order to ensure all Australians get access to suitable EVs as soon as possible,the Australian standa

125、rd must aim to catch up to similar global markets,like the US,EU and New Zealand,by 2030 at the latest.The longer we remain behind,the longer Australians will be stuck paying high fuel bills and dependent on foreign oil.3 https:/www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2023/trends-in-electric-heavy-dut

126、y-vehicles31STATE OF EVs|2023ELECTRIC VEHICLE POLICYPROPOSED EFFICIENCY TARGETS FOR LIGHT COMMERCIAL VEHICLES AND OFF-ROAD SUVSEVC(Upper)25020015010050020222023202420252026202720282029203020312032203320342035g/km(NEDC)EVC(Lower)EUUSNZCatchup by 2030-2031FIXEDFLEXIBLE(REVIEWED IN 2026)PROPOSED EFFICI

127、ENCY TARGETS FOR NEW PASSENGER CARSEVC(Upper)16014012010080604020020222023202420252026202720282029203020312032203320342035g/km(NEDC)EVC(Lower)EUUSNZCatchup by 2026-2029FIXEDFLEXIBLE(REVIEWED IN 2026)The range of targets proposed by the Electric Vehicle Council are shown below,with the upper threshol

128、d representing a scheme with no concessions,and the lower threshold representing a scheme that includes some concessions.32STATE OF EVs|2023ELECTRIC VEHICLE POLICYStrong and sustained supply and demand policies are necessary to drive EV adoption across all segments:Supply-side measuresDemand-side me

129、asures Supply-side measures lead to increases in model availability by strengthening policy signals,with vehicle manufacturers prioritising the Australian market with vehicles of all shapes and sizes.Without supply regulation,such as new vehicle efficiency standards for light vehicles,Australia will

130、 continue to miss out on the choice of EV models being provided elsewhere.Strong policy signals for all transport segments,including long-term targets for the electrification of trucks and buses,and alignment/harmonisation with international regulations,also serve to prioritise supply for the Austra

131、lian market.Governments have implemented a range of policies and programs to bring down costs of EVs and drive demand from consumers and businesses transitioning their fleets.A gold standard incentive program for light vehicles would include an upfront rebate or zero interest loan(of at least$3000),

132、full exemption from stamp duty,and at least 2years free vehicle registration.Incentives are intended to be temporary,but should not be turned off overnight.Instead they should be gradually phased out after the market achieves 30%EV sales.Given upfront costs and considerations for switching to electr

133、ic buses and trucks,financial incentives to support freight decarbonisation and deployment of enabling infrastructure will be crucial to accelerate the transition.33STATE OF EVs|2023ELECTRIC VEHICLE POLICYLight EV Incentives Across AustraliaWondering which incentives are available to help with purch

134、asing an electric vehicle?Currently,each Australian State and Territory has its own set of policies with different features and eligibility rules,making it challenging to understand.Below we have provided an overview of what incentives you could be eligible for in each State and Territory,when purch

135、asing an electric vehicle for$50,000(as at July 2023):GovernmentACTNSWNTQLDSATASVICWAPartyLabor/GreensLaborLaborLaborLaborLiberalLaborLaborRegistration discount over 5 years$2,013.30$0$990$388$423$0$500$0Stamp duty discount$1,626$1,500(3.0%)$1,500(3.0%)$500 (1.0%)$0$0$0$0Rebate$0$3,000$0$6,000$3,000

136、$0*$0$3,500Zero interest loan interest savings$4,092$0$0$0$0$0$0$0Road User Tax over 5 yearsNoneNot yet chargedNoneNoneRemovedNot yet charged-$1,612.00Not yet chargedApproximate total incentive value$7,731.30$4,500$2,465$6,888$3,423$0-$1,112$3,500No.of Subsidies Currently Committed025,0000Unable to

137、determine7,00000*10,000Rebate/zero interest loan vehicle price limit$89,332Fuel Efficient Luxury Car Tax Limit$68,750N/A$68,000$68,750N/AN/A$70,000Rebate available to businessesYesN/AYesYesYesN/AYesRebate available under a novated leaseN/AN/AYesN/AN/AYes34STATE OF EVs|2023ELECTRIC VEHICLE POLICYSupp

138、lementary notes:ACTRegistration discount based on two-years free registration($1200.60)plus three years of the lowest weight-based fee relative to the current fee($812.70).Limited to two-years free registration and transition to emission-based registration system fees.Find out more on the Climate Ch

139、oices website.Stamp duty discount based on savings from ZEV duty waiver compared to duty payable on vehicle with average environmental performance.Zero-interest loan savings assumes 5%interest rate on a normal car loan;noting most car loan interest rates are significantly above this at present.NSWSt

140、amp duty in NSW has been permanently phased out for EVs in exchange for the future introduction of a road user tax.Visit the NSW Government website for more information on the EV rebate.NTRegistration discount limited to 5 years.Find out more on the NT Government website.Stamp duty discount availabl

141、e for all vehicles up to$50,000.If the sale price/market value of the vehicle is over$50,000,stamp duty is payable on the amount over$50,000.QLDRegistration discount ongoing.$6000 purchase rebate only for eligible households with an annual taxable household income equal to or less than$180,000 per y

142、ear.Learn more about the rebate scheme here.Applicants who have an annual taxable house income greater than this,in addition to Queensland businesses,remain eligible to receive a$3000 rebate.$45 million funding pool allocated under Zero Emission Vehicle Strategy will be available until exhausted.SAS

143、A registration discount limited to 3 years.Visit the SA Government website for more information about the purchase subsidy.TASHistoric duty waiver only applicable for vehicles purchased prior to May 2023.Purchase incentive pending announcement.Learn more about the Tasmanian Governments Climate Chang

144、e Action Plan here.VICVictorian registration discount ongoing.End of Victorian subsidy announced in June 2023.9,000 subsidies were previously allocated under the program prior to phase out from 1 July 2023.Road User Charge penalty assumes an average of 12,400 km travelled p.a.Visit the VicRoads webs

145、ite for more information.WAVisit the Zero Emission Vehicle Rebate FAQs for more information on the purchase incentive.Please note,while every effort has been made to provide accurate information above,figures should be treated as indicative only.35STATE OF EVs|2023ELECTRIC VEHICLE POLICYAdditional i

146、ncentive at Federal level FBT ExemptionThe fringe benefits tax exemption introduced last year removes the tax for EVs under the LCT threshold for fuel efficient vehicles($89,332 for 2023-24),4 which makes EVs more affordable and attractive for fleets and eligible individuals through salary packaging

147、.This policy helps reduce the cost of an EV to be at parity with an equivalent petrol or diesel car,and is already generating significant demand for EVs in the near term.Over time,we will see further benefits of increased supply to the second-hand market in coming years,increasing the availability o

148、f affordable EVs.However,this can only be achieved if there is sufficient supply of EVs to meet the increased demand,which highlights the importance of introducing an ambitious New Vehicle Efficiency Standard.LIST OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES ELIGIBLE FOR FBT EXEMPTION:BYD Atto 3Hyundai Ioniq 5Mercedes-Benz

149、 EQANissan LeafBYD DolphinHyundai Ioniq 6Mercedes-Benz EQBPeugeot 308(PHEV)Cupra BornHyundai KonaMG 4Peugeot 508(PHEV)Cupra Leon(PHEV)Kia NiroMG HS Plus(PHEV)Peugeot 3008(PHEV)Cupra Formentor(PHEV)Kia EV6MG ZS EVPolestar 2Fiat 500eKia Sorento(PHEV)Mini Cooper SETesla Model 3Ford Escape(PHEV)Lexus ux

150、300eMini Countryman(PHEV)Tesla Model YFord Mustang Mach-eMazda MX-30Mitsubishi Eclipse Cross(PHEV)Volvo C40GMW OraMazda CX-60(PHEV)Mitsubishi Outlander(PHEV)Volvo XC40Note,only variants for which no luxury car tax is charged are eligible for the FBT exemption.Please confirm this with your fleet mana

151、ger,lease provider,vehicle distributor.PHEVs are not eligible from 1 April 2025.The effectiveness of the Electric Car Discount which include the FBT exemption will be reviewed after 3 years of operation.4 https:/www.ato.gov.au/Rates/Luxury-car-tax-rate-and-thresholds/.36STATE OF EVs|2023ELECTRIC VEH

152、ICLE POLICYElectric Vehicle Policy ScorecardThe following section of this report details our assessment of how governments are tracking on EV policy.As per our 2022 report,the assessment is split into core policy areas and segments.To date,the majority of EV policy has been focussed on light vehicle

153、s,which presents the largest percentage of transport sector emissions.In this report we continue to track the performance of each jurisdiction across all areas,including heavy vehicles,to ensure appropriate attention is directed towards decarbonisation of all transport segments.To provide guidance t

154、o governments in terms of how they are tracking against different EV policy issues,here we provide a breakdown of how we rate their performance on a scale of 0%-100%for 49 metrics.Each of these metrics are then weighted to provide subcategory scores out of 10,and in turn,an overall summary policy sc

155、ore out of 10.An explanation of each of the metrics assessed can be found in Appendix A.Dedicated Electric Vehicle StrategyA dedicated electric vehicle strategy is a key policy lever to signal forward commitment to supporting the EV transition.A strategy sends a clear message to industry and consume

156、rs that EVs are a priority,and that concerted efforts are being taken to drive both EV uptake and expansion of enabling infrastructure.With the exception of Tasmania,every state,territory and the federal government have an electric vehicle strategy in place.While this metric is not captured in our s

157、corecard,we wanted to highlight the growing momentum across Australia to accelerate the electrification of transport in support of our emission reduction targets.While an EV strategy can be a clear signal of intent merely having a strategy in place is not the only indicator of success.A truly effect

158、ive strategy is backed up by a range of clear actions to support both supply and demand to prepare the future transport system through regulatory measures,financial and behavioural incentives,deployment of infrastructure and awareness initiatives.FEDACTNSWNTQLDSATASVICWA37STATE OF EVs|2023ELECTRIC V

159、EHICLE POLICYSummary of EV Policy ScoresBelow is a summary of the EV policy scores given to each Australian government.As you can see,progress has been made across the country-though there is still significant room for improvement in all areas.We urge Australian governments to collaborate and work t

160、owards a set of nationally consistent EV policies that aim to achieve the following objectives:Meeting our national emission reduction targets Eliminating carcinogenic air pollution from our communities and towns Providing Australian households and businesses with more choices when transitioning to

161、EVs Enhancing our national security by using locally-sourced energy to power our transport Seizing the significant economic opportunities presented by this transition,such as redirecting billions of dollars each year in overseas fossil fuel spending to Australian-made energy,and creating thousands o

162、f new jobs across the full EV value chain-from mining to manufacturing and recycling.The opportunity is still there for Australia to accelerate the EV transition and capturethe enormous benefits it offers.However,decisive action is needed from all Australian governments in the near-term to fully rea

163、lise the full potential of EVs in Australia and secure a prosperous,sustainable future.Policy AreaFEDACTNSWNTQLDSATASVICWALight Vehicles7/109/109/104/108/107/104/103/105/10Trucks2/101/100/101/102/101/100/104/100/10Buses4/107/108/101/104/101/103/106/107/10Micro-mobility0/108/103/105/108/105/109/105/1

164、08/10Industry Development7/104/107/105/106/104/103/105/106/10Data1/103/106/102/103/101/101/102/103/10Other EV Policy Issues8/107/108/105/105/105/106/104/107/10Overall EV Policy Scorecard7/109/109/104/107/106/104/105/106/1038STATE OF EVs|2023ELECTRIC VEHICLE POLICYLight VehiclesThe majority of transp

165、ort emissions come from light vehicles cars,utes and vans,which makes this a critical transport segment to decarbonise.5 Fortunately,unlike other hard-to-abate sectors of the economy,the solutions for reducing the emissions of Australias light vehicle fleet are already here.Below we provide insight

166、into how different governments across Australia are supporting the electrification of light vehicles,including through their own fleet transitions.REGULATIONAs demand for EVs outstrips supply into the country,the lack of supply regulation is the biggest barrier to EV uptake in Australia.Fortunately,

167、the Australian Government has committed to the introduction of a New Vehicle Efficiency Standard(NVES)for light vehicles,with consultation taking place in the first half of 2023.Strong support for an ambitious NVES has been shown by State and Territory Governments.In this report we are not grading S

168、tates and Territories for the supply regulation of light vehicles,but commend those States and Territories that have advocated for a strong FES in combination with ambitious sales targets.In particular,the ACT continues to lead the nation with its target of 80-90%zero-emission vehicle sales by 2030

169、and a phase-out of new petrol and diesel cars by 2035.Several jurisdictions have also introduced strong government fleet commitments,which will help to stimulate the second-hand EV market through accelerated vehicle turnover.To send a strong market signal,governments can strategically plan the phase

170、-out of polluting ICE vehicles within their fleets.The gold standard for government fleet targets requires the establishment of clear future procurement targets specifically for the government fleet that demonstrate leadership in electric vehicle adoption.The targets should aim for a high percentage

171、(closer to 100%)of electric vehicle sales by 2027 and should consider the entire fleet,rather than just a small proportion of vehicles.5 https:/www.dcceew.gov.au/energy/transport.TaxiTaxi39STATE OF EVs|2023ELECTRIC VEHICLE POLICYSELECTED GOVERNMENT FLEET TARGETSThe commitment to 100%fleet leases bei

172、ng zero-emissions vehicles where fit for purpose.Currently,select passenger vehicles excluded include 6+seaters and those with specialised operational requirements,such as long,varied,and remote routes.The commitment to transition the fleet to electric vehicles by 2030,if fit-for-purpose.All vehicle

173、 replacements are assessed against a“Plug-in Electric Vehicle Opt-out Policy”to determine if a vehicle cannot be replaced with an EV due to specific reasons.Commitment to transition the fleet to zero-emissions vehicles by 2035.The Victorian Government does not exclude any vehicles from the zero-emis

174、sions vehicle transition based on being deemed not“fit-for-purpose.”The target of 50%EVs procurement in the NSW Government fleet by 2026,increasing to 100%by 2030.This target applies to passenger vehicles only and covers approximately 58%of the light vehicle fleet.Plan to transition the government v

175、ehicle fleet to 100%electric by 2030,encompassing all government fleet vehicles.The target includes battery electric,plug-in hybrid and hydrogen vehicles.Goal of transitioning all eligible passenger vehicles in the government fleet to zero-emission vehicles by 2026.This target applies to passenger v

176、ehicles only,and a significant portion of the QFleet fleet that consists of light commercial vehicles is currently considered out of scope due to the limited availability of suitable options.AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORYSOUTH AUSTRALIA VICTORIANEW SOUTH WALESTASMANIAQUEENSLAND40STATE OF EVs|2023ELECT

177、RIC VEHICLE POLICYThe inconsistent approaches to define eligible vehicles under these targets demonstrates there is room for improvement across the board to provide better clarity for government procurement teams about the targets they are working towards.In particular,governments should be transpar

178、ent about what proportion of their fleet is not covered by a fleet target,and in turn,what is the strategy to decarbonise these remaining vehicles over the medium-term.INCENTIVESAll Australian governments have implemented incentives to support the adoption of electric vehicles(EVs).The primary focus

179、 of these incentives is to reduce upfront costs and provide ongoing cost savings.Notably,the Queensland(QLD)Government has recently doubled their rebate incentive to$6,000 for eligible households with an annual taxable income equal to or less than$180,000 per year.This increased incentive aims to ma

180、ke EVs more affordable and accessible to a broader range of individuals and families.At the federal level,the Fringe Benefit Tax(FBT)exemption has also been instrumental in reducing the overall cost of EVs,making them more cost-competitive with equivalent petrol or diesel vehicles.This exemption has

181、 already generated significant demand for EVs in the near term,eliminating a potential barrier for businesses and organisations considering EV fleet adoption.In addition to incentives that promote EV uptake,governments need to facilitate the phasing out of older,polluting vehicles from the national

182、fleet.This will be essential to PolicyFEDACTNSWNTQLDSATASVICWASupport for fuel efficiency standard50%Sales target0%100%50%0%75%25%0%50%0%Government fleet target50%75%75%25%50%75%75%75%25%For States and Territories,support for fuel efficiency standard shown in submission to Federal Government consult

183、ation.As noted this does not impact the policy scorecard as we are not assessing States and Territories for the supply regulation of light vehicles.41STATE OF EVs|2023ELECTRIC VEHICLE POLICYachieve substantial reductions in transport emissions.Unlike the energy sector,where retirement timeframes for

184、 coal plants can be established as a long-term signal for the future,road transport presents challenges in setting specific retirement schedules due to variable operational timeframes and technological differences across the industry.Instead,governments need to consider implementing measures that en

185、courage the accelerated retirement of older,high-polluting vehicles,while also addressing equity and affordability considerations of the shift to EVs.CHARGING INFRASTRUCTUREGovernments have made significant progress in building public charging infrastructure for light vehicles,although substantial s

186、upport to deploy public infrastructure is still necessary to keep up with the accelerating adoption of EVs and future-proofing the transport system.In addition to expanding public charging networks,governments need to focus on supporting workplace charging to ensure convenient access to charging fac

187、ilities for commuters,including those who may rely on connection to public transport through“Park and Ride”carparks.This not only supports the adoption of EVs but also contributes to PolicyFEDACTNSWNTQLDSATASVICWAUpfront cost75%100%100%25%100%50%25%0%50%Operating Cost0%50%0%50%25%25%25%25%0%Targeted

188、 fleet incentive75%0%100%25%25%50%25%25%25%Novated leases(rebate eligible or separate)100%0%0%0%0%100%0%0%100%Accelerating fleet turnover0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%Behavioural incentives0%50%50%0%25%0%0%0%0%42STATE OF EVs|2023ELECTRIC VEHICLE POLICYreducing congestion and promoting the use of public transpor

189、tation.While it is encouraging that changes were made last year to the National Construction Code to mandate new buildings to be EV-ready,6 further support is needed to address the rollout of charging infrastructure in existing multi-level dwellings.This is particularly important as it presents an e

190、quity issue for renters and individuals without off-street parking.To promote equal access to charging infrastructure,governments should provide targeted assistance through guidance and incentives to retrofit existing residential complexes with charging capabilities.Currently,New South Wales and the

191、 Australian Capital Territory are leading the way in deployment of infrastructure and providing support for multi-level dwellings.Their approach serves as a prime example that other jurisdictions can learn from when developing their own charging infrastructure strategies and co-funding programs.Quee

192、nsland should also be commended for its successful co-fund program,and we look forward to seeing many further rounds of similar programs across the nation.6 With the exception of WA,with mandatory application of the NCC provisions from 1 May 2025.PolicyFEDACTNSWNTQLDSATASVICWAPublic regular charging

193、50%100%100%25%25%100%25%50%75%Public fast charging100%75%100%25%100%50%50%25%75%Workplace charging50%25%75%50%50%75%50%75%100%EV readinessin building development100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%75%Retrofit programs(electrical infrastructure)25%100%100%0%0%0%0%0%25%Enabling charging for rentals/strata

194、25%50%75%25%0%0%0%25%25%43STATE OF EVs|2023ELECTRIC VEHICLE POLICYAWARENESSBuilding awareness of the benefits of EVs is crucial for building confidence and garnering community support for the transition to an electrified transport system.It is essential that the real advantages of Australias shift t

195、owards EVs are communicated clearly and effectively to both businesses and the general public:Clear and accessible resources should be made available to businesses and the general public,outlining the financial incentives,such as rebates and tax exemptions that are on offer.Guidance on charging infr

196、astructure should include details on the availability and accessibility of public charging stations and home charging options for different EV drivers.In-person drive days or events where individuals can experience EVs firsthand can be highly effective in dispelling misconceptions and showcasing the

197、 advantages of electric vehicles,including personal suitability,performance,and environmental benefits.In addition to promoting the positive aspects of EVs,the EVC recommends the adoption of clear vehicle pollution labels to help increase awareness about the detrimental impacts of existing petrol an

198、d diesel vehicles.By highlighting the environmental and health consequences associated with conventional vehicles,individuals will be better informed and motivated to embrace more sustainable transport options.To reflect the significance of fleets in supplying the second-hand car market and accelera

199、ting the EV transition,a new awareness category centred on fleet transition resources has been added in the 2023 report.This acknowledges the pivotal role played by fleets in the EV transition,given their contribution to the broader adoption of EVs in Australia through supply to a second-hand car ma

200、rket.Governments have a key role to ensure that accurate and up-to-date information reaches a wide audience,actively dispelling myths and encouraging the adoption of EVs.44STATE OF EVs|2023ELECTRIC VEHICLE POLICYROAD USER CHARGEThe Electric Vehicle Council supports a national enquiry into road taxat

201、ion measures that considers the full economic costs and benefits of all vehicles,regardless of fuel type.Short-sighted solutions such as per kilometre fees do not address the major costs of transport,unfairly penalise regional communities and discourage EV adoption.Australians should not be unfairly

202、 or prematurely taxed for embracing zero-emission technology which will be critical to achieving emissions reduction targets.The Electric Vehicle Council awaits the outcome of the challenge brought in the High Court to the validity of the Victorian Governments Zero and Low Emission Vehicle Distance-

203、based Charge in late 2023.The outcome will impact the ability of States to impose regional EV taxes equivalent to the Victorian Road User Charge.The South Australia Governments repeal of its EV tax is welcomed.Other states are encouraged to follow suit in support of a national process,led by the Fed

204、eral Government,to consider broader reform of the road tax system to set Australia up for a low-emissions transport sector.PolicyFEDACTNSWNTQLDSATASVICWAConsumer awareness50%50%75%25%50%50%0%75%50%Drive days0%25%100%0%0%25%0%0%25%Vehicle emissions/pollution labels0%25%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%Fleet transition

205、resources0%100%100%0%25%75%0%25%25%45STATE OF EVs|2023ELECTRIC VEHICLE POLICYThe concern over reduced fuel excise revenue due to EV uptake is frequently exaggerated and overlooks two crucial factors:the slow rate of retirement across the national fleet,ensuring petrol and diesel vehicles will persis

206、t on Australian roads for a considerable period,and the necessity for comprehensive tax system reform as a long-term solution.The Electric Vehicle Council recommends Governments avoid imposing short-sighted,band-aid solutions that fail to resolve the core challenges,and instead work to ensure a fair

207、 and sustainable tax system that aligns with the evolving transportation landscape and supports the adoption of zero-emission technologies.Light Vehicle Summary The ACT and NSW lead Australia on EV policy for light vehicles,followed by Queensland,South Australia and the Federal Government.PolicyFEDA

208、CTNSWNTQLDSATASVICWARUC100%100%50%100%100%100%50%0%25%FEDACTNSWNTQLDSATASVICWALight Vehicle Policy Scorecard7/109/109/104/108/107/104/103/105/1046STATE OF EVs|2023ELECTRIC VEHICLE POLICYTrucks Trucks are a significant contributor to Australias emissions but receive little government attention.The ke

209、y barrier to electrification of freight in Australia remains in regulatory settings under the Australian Design Rules(ADRs)that are not aligned with international standards for width and steer axle mass limits.While the Queensland Government has given the Volvo Group Australia permits to trial heavy

210、 duty battery electric heavy vehicles in Queensland,a long-term open permitting system and national action to change existing ADRs is needed urgently to accelerate freight decarbonisation.Victoria has also provided financial support to commercial vehicle and logistics sector participants through gra

211、nts made under the Commercial Sector Innovation Fund,and has announced a$15 million grants program to help truck operators transition their fleet,in addition to planned relaxation of heavy vehicle mass regulations for electric trucks.To date,the Federal Governments response to industry appeals for a

212、ssistance in aligning ADRs with international standards has been inadequate,indicating a lack of prioritisation for the decarbonisation of trucks.This is despite the availability of clear solutions and the willingness of the industry to embrace electrification in the freight sector.Greater governmen

213、t support is also needed to drive demand for electrified trucks,including through financial incentives and deployment of dedicated charging infrastructure for larger vehicles to alleviate challenges with range along major freight routes.PolicyFEDACTNSWNTQLDSATASVICWARegulation/Electric HV Strategy0%

214、25%0%0%50%25%0%50%0%Financial support 25%0%0%25%0%0%0%50%0%Charging infrastructure0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%Awareness25%0%25%0%25%25%0%25%0%Electric Truck Policy Scorecard2/101/100/101/102/101/100/104/100/1047STATE OF EVs|2023ELECTRIC VEHICLE POLICYBusesAll jurisdictions are making progress in their public

215、transport decarbonisation efforts,with significant funding being directed towards this in several states,which is promising.To support this transition,the NSW Government has approved a substantial budget of$3 billion,which will be utilised for the initial stage of the Zero Emission Buses(ZEBs)progra

216、m,including establishment of charging infrastructure and manufacture of more than 1,200 new buses.This will assist NSW to achieve its target of transitioning over 4,000 buses in Greater Sydney by 2035.The Federal Government and WA Government are each contributing$125 million in funding for electric

217、bus charging infrastructure and grid infrastructure upgrades in WA,where 130 buses will be locally manufactured to transition the Perth bus network.Victoria is also making real progress,with 44 ZEBs in operation as of June 2023,including 27 trial buses currently on the road and 16 buses in the Metro

218、politan Bus Franchise and an existing ZEB already operational since 2021.Despite these encouraging steps,several jurisdictions are yet to set a specific phase-out plan for diesel buses and develop a clear strategy for a zero-emissions bus fleet.The Electric Vehicle Council is urging the federal gove

219、rnment to collaborate with states to accelerate support for electric buses,including private operators,to expedite the transition to more sustainable public transport solutions.PolicyFEDACTNSWNTQLDSATASVICWAPublic transport transition plan0%50%50%25%50%25%0%75%25%Financial support 50%25%75%0%0%0%25%

220、25%75%Charging infrastructure25%100%50%0%50%0%25%50%50%Awareness25%50%50%0%50%0%25%50%50%Electric Bus Policy Scorecard4/107/108/101/104/101/103/106/107/1048STATE OF EVs|2023ELECTRIC VEHICLE POLICYMicro-mobilityMicro-mobility has a crucial role to play in Australian cities to reduce private car use a

221、nd address road congestion and associated air pollution.In addition,providing the enabling infrastructure to improve connectivity in our cities helps to support multi-modal transport,linking individual commuters to public transport systems more effectively.Electrified micro-mobility offers real adva

222、ntages including increasing accessibility and efficiency for those who might otherwise avoid using conventional micro-mobility devices due to range limitations or the physical exertion required.The ACT,Queensland,Tasmania and WA have taken a sensible approach to support the safe deployment of electr

223、ic micro-mobility in cities.Tasmania has taken this a step further,recently announcing a grant program to support the purchase of e-bikes and e-scooters.Several jurisdictions have shared e-scooter trials underway in selected urban locations,including Victoria,NT,NSW,SA,and WA.While the role of the F

224、ederal Government is somewhat limited here,at a national level Australia can do more to invest in infrastructure to better provide for safe alternatives to private car use,particularly in inner cities.This would promote the adoption of micro-mobility and contribute to a range of positive outcomes in

225、cluding reduced congestion and air pollution.PolicyFEDACTNSWNTQLDSATASVICWARegulation0%100%25%75%100%50%100%50%100%Financial incentives0%25%0%0%0%0%100%0%0%Infrastructure0%50%50%50%50%25%50%25%50%Awareness0%50%25%25%75%50%50%50%75%Micro-mobility Policy Scorecard0/108/103/105/108/105/109/105/108/1049

226、STATE OF EVs|2023ELECTRIC VEHICLE POLICYIndustry DevelopmentAustralia has the potential to participate in the entire EV value chain,which encompasses critical minerals extraction,refining,and processing,battery and vehicle component manufacturing,EV assembly,operation and maintenance,and the eventua

227、l repurposing and recycling of batteries and components.Inroads have been made in particular in WA,NSW,and Queensland,with each state implementing measures and providing funding to develop domestic battery industries and clean technology manufacturing.The Federal Government has demonstrated signific

228、ant interest in expanding across the clean energy and battery supply chain,with initiatives under the National Critical Minerals Strategy,upcoming Battery Strategy and National Reconstruction Fund all aimed at stimulating industry growth and development.To ensure Australia can fully capitalise on th

229、is opportunity,strategic coordination across the country is essential.Australia needs to display greater ambition beyond just the global supply of raw minerals and establish strategic partnerships with regional allies to attract investments in downstream processing and manufacturing.Developing skill

230、s and providing training support for employment opportunities across the entire EV value chain will be crucial for the sustained growth of the industry.By fostering a skilled workforce,Australia can strengthen its position as a serious player in the EV value chain and foster long-term industry devel

231、opment.PolicyFEDACTNSWNTQLDSATASVICWASkills and training50%50%50%25%25%50%25%75%25%Critical Minerals50%0%50%50%100%50%50%25%100%Refining/Processing75%0%50%50%50%25%0%0%25%Manufacturing50%0%75%0%25%0%0%50%25%Battery reuse/recycling50%0%0%0%25%25%0%50%0%Clean energy transition100%100%100%75%100%100%10

232、0%100%100%Industry Development Scorecard7/104/107/105/106/104/103/105/106/1050STATE OF EVs|2023ELECTRIC VEHICLE POLICYData Effective data sharing is vital to support informed decision-making by policymakers,industry and consumers alike.Australias current data-sharing practices related to EVs,includi

233、ng vehicle registrations,grid capacity,and charging infrastructure usage,remain subpar compared to international approaches.One key issue faced by Australian Governments is the lack of an independent and public source of the number of electric vehicles in the country,which prevents the availability

234、of publicly accessible data and accurate modelling of transport sector emissions.Addressing this will also be crucial to facilitate the introduction and ongoing monitoring of a robust and ambitious New Vehicle Efficiency Standard.Limited data sharing hinders the development of EV modelling and evide

235、nce-based policy implementation.The Electric Vehicle Council encourages a continued national dialogue to resolve these challenges and establish a national portal for information sharing on key EV related data.The NSW government is setting a positive example by providing EV registration data to the n

236、ational map,a practice that other states should emulate.As a commitment under the National EV Strategy,the Federal Government will develop a national mapping tool to support optimal investment and deployment of EV charging infrastructure across the country,similar to what has been delivered by the N

237、SW Government.PolicyFEDACTNSWNTQLDSATASVICWASharing vehicle registration data0%75%100%25%75%0%50%25%50%Sharing electricity grid capacity data0%0%25%0%0%0%0%25%25%Sharing charging infrastructure data50%0%75%0%25%0%0%0%0%Sharing EV driving/charging patterns25%0%0%0%25%25%0%0%0%EV modelling25%25%75%50%

238、25%50%0%25%50%Data Policy Scorecard1/103/106/102/103/101/101/102/103/1051STATE OF EVs|2023ELECTRIC VEHICLE POLICYOther EV Policy Issues As set out below,there are several important EV policy issues that the Electric Vehicle Council wishes to highlight:All Australian governments have committed to ach

239、ieving net zero emissions by 2050,which is the minimum acceptable target.The Federal Government,Tasmania and Western Australia deserve specific commendation for their commitment to developing sectoral emission reduction strategies,ensuring the transport sector does its fair share in achieving climat

240、e objectives.Additionally,the ACT Governments plan to phase out internal combustion engine(ICE)light vehicle sales by 2035 deserves recognition for its ambitious approach to accelerating the transition to electric vehicles and reducing transport emissions.While progress has been made through inter-j

241、urisdictional working groups following the National EV Strategy,further cooperation and harmonisation of regulations are needed.The Electric Vehicle Council advocates for sensible and nationally consistent approaches to energy policies relating to EV integration.Overly restrictive measures that make

242、 charging installation challenging and remove consumers charging decisions,as observed in QLD and SA,are short-sighted and hinder EV adoption.While some jurisdictions have made strides in EV funding,there is still ample room for improvement,particularly in supporting electric buses and trucks,which

243、require significant attention to ensure Australia can achieve climate targets and deliver a sustainable,low-emission transport future.PolicyFEDACTNSWNTQLDSATASVICWAEmission reductions target100%100%75%75%75%75%100%75%100%Energy policy related to EVs50%0%25%0%0%0%25%25%25%Inter-governmental cooperati

244、on75%75%100%75%75%75%75%75%75%Regulation harmonisation50%25%25%25%0%0%25%25%25%Total EV funding75%75%100%50%50%75%50%50%75%Other EV Issues Scorecard8/107/108/105/105/105/106/104/107/10CO52STATE OF EVs|2023Local GovernmentLocal governments play a crucial role in the EV transition through planning and

245、 development policies,delivery of enabling infrastructure and community engagement.Below we provide an overview of what the EVC sees as the gold standard for local government EV policy.More detail will be included in the EVCs updated Local Government Resource Pack in late 2023.1Development of a sust

246、ainability strategy/action plan that commits to supporting the achievement of net zero carbon emissions in Australia by 2050 at the latest(ideally with interim targets to achieve this end goal).In line with achieving net zero by 2050,commitments to:100%of new light vehicles purchased by council bein

247、g EVs by 2028 100%of councils light vehicle fleet being electric by 2033 100%of new heavy vehicles purchased by council being EVs by 2040 100%of councils electric heavy vehicle fleet being by 2050 Support national EV charging infrastructure targets of:Multi-bay fast charging stations every 70 km alo

248、ng major highways,and every 5 km in urban areas by 2027(taking into account chargers also deployed by private operators and other levels of government)Region-specific targets for the adoption of non-car transport for commuting trips including micro-mobility e.g.25%of all commuting trips by non-car t

249、ransport in 2035(targets will vary depending on the local infrastructure,services,and needs of the community)Ongoing,public evaluation of progress towards achieving targets,and review of measures to accelerate progress.Setting sustainability targets53STATE OF EVs|2023LOCAL GOVERNMENT45Enabling the r

250、ollout of charging infrastructureSupporting the vehicle fleet transition23Incentivising the adoption of electric vehiclesFuture-proofing the built environment for EVsConsider opportunities to incentivise adoption of EVs at a local level,including:Future deployment of low emission zones Preferential

251、parking treatment for EVs Enabling EVs in car-sharing fleets Procurement policies that preference external contractors transitioning to EVsIn line with the EV-readiness provisions of the National Construction Code 2022:Incorporation of EV charging requirements as part of Development Control Plans an

252、d other planning regulationsIn line with achieving sustainability targets,councils should:Offer land for no cost on long-term leases to private charging operators to install infrastructure locally Consider opportunities to allow private charging operators to incorporate reasonable local advertising

253、to help recover the cost of installing and operating infrastructure Work with partners to secure state and federal infrastructure co-funding for infrastructureIn line with achieving sustainability targets,councils should develop:A fleet transition plan to achieve 100%EVs across councils light vehicl

254、e fleet by 2030 A fleet transition plan to achieve 100%EVs across councils heavy vehicle fleet by 2050 Procurement policies that favour EVs as a default option for the internal fleet,as well as external contractors Development of driver education training for using light and heavy EVs54STATE OF EVs|

255、2023LOCAL GOVERNMENT67Promoting shared micro-mobilityIncreasing awareness on electric vehicles Development of a micro-mobility plan Partnership with micro-mobility operators and state/territory government counterparts Incorporation of micro-mobility into infrastructure planning Micro-mobility educat

256、ion programs Ongoing evaluation of micro-mobility fleets to continue improving outcomes over time Public EV awareness events e.g.EV drive days Promotion of councils EV initiatives in local community newsletters Signage promoting availability of local charging infrastructure and what to see in the ar

257、ea during charging stopovers for EV road tourists Online information resources for the community to learn about EVsPolice55STATE OF EVs|2023APPENDIXAppendix A Explanation of Policy Assessment MetricsLight Vehicles INCENTIVESPolicy MetricExplanationUpfront costThe gold standard for a financial incent

258、ive to reduce the purchase cost of an electric vehicle is the provision of rebates,loans,or other incentives that effectively reduce the upfront cost of purchasing an electric vehicle.The eligibility threshold for these incentives should be pegged to the Luxury Car Tax(LCT)threshold.Operating CostTh

259、e gold standard for a financial incentive to reduce the operating cost of an electric vehicle is the implementation of tax exemptions,electricity credits,or other incentives that significantly lower the ongoing operating costs of electric vehicles.These incentives should be substantial and specifica

260、lly targeted at electric vehicles,not hybrids.REGULATIONPolicy MetricExplanationSupply regulation(Fuel efficiency standard)The gold standard for a fuel efficiency standard is the implementation of a federal standard that regulates and increases the availability of electric vehicles.It should also co

261、nsider actions by states advocating for strong fuel efficiency standards.Sales targetThe gold standard for sales targets is the establishment of clear future targets for electric vehicle sales that align with emission reduction goals.This includes having measurable commitments,interim targets,and a

262、firm commitment to a high percentage(over 90%)of electric vehicle sales by 2035.Government fleet targetThe gold standard for government fleet targets is the establishment of clear future procurement targets that demonstrate leadership in electric vehicle adoption.The targets should aim for a high pe

263、rcentage(closer to 100%)of electric vehicle sales by 2027 and should consider the entire fleet rather than just a small proportion of vehicles.56STATE OF EVs|2023APPENDIXTargeted fleet incentiveThe gold standard for a fleet incentive is the provision of rebates,tax exemptions,or other targeted incen

264、tives specifically available for fleet vehicles to encourage early adoption of electric vehicles.These incentives should support the creation of a viable second-hand electric vehicle market.Novated leases(rebate eligible or separate)The gold standard for novated leases is the availability of rebates

265、,tax exemptions,or other targeted incentives specifically for private and/or fleet vehicles purchased through a novated lease arrangement.These incentives should support the creation of a viable second-hand electric vehicle market.Accelerating fleet turnoverThe gold standard for accelerating fleet t

266、urnover is the implementation of a clear strategy that introduces rebates or other incentives to accelerate the electrification of the national vehicle fleet.The strategy should focus on incentivising the exchange of older,high-polluting petrol and diesel vehicles for new electric vehicles and incre

267、asing the rate of fleet turnover towards electric vehicles.Behavioural incentivesThe gold standard for behaviour incentives is the provision of non-monetary incentives to promote the uptake and usage of electric vehicles.This can include preferential lane access,introduction of zero-emission zones i

268、n urban centres,discounts,and exemptions from toll roads.The gold standard should include active campaigns and measures to address misinformation and misconceptions.CHARGING INFRASTRUCTUREPolicy MetricExplanationPublic regular chargingThe gold standard for public regular charging is a substantive co

269、mmitment to the deployment of regular charging infrastructure(below 24 kW,AC or DC)in public locations.This includes regional locations such as tourism destinations,shopping centres,and accommodation.Assessment includes consideration of performance/delivery of co-funding and approval processes.Publi

270、c fast chargingThe gold standard for public fast charging is a substantive commitment to the deployment of fast charging infrastructure(24 kW or greater,DC)in public locations,including consideration of regional areas.Workplace chargingThe gold standard involves dedicated financial and/or regulatory

271、 support for the deployment of charging infrastructure at workplaces and commuter carparks,targeting commuter trips and supporting businesses to have EVs charging during the day on premises.EV readinessThe gold standard entails targeted financial and/or regulatory support for retrofitting existing b

272、uildings to enable the installation of EV charging infrastructure.57STATE OF EVs|2023APPENDIXRetrofit programs(electrical infrastructure)The gold standard involves dedicated support through regulation,incentives,and guidance to enable EV charging installation for renters and apartment owners,emphasi

273、sing equity.(Consolidation of home charging and enabling strata categories from 2022).Enabling charging for rentals/strataThe gold standard for public regular charging is a substantive commitment to the deployment of regular charging infrastructure(below 24 kW,AC or DC)in public locations.This inclu

274、des regional locations such as tourism destinations,shopping centres,and accommodation.Assessment includes consideration of performance/delivery of co-funding and approval processes.AWARENESSPolicy MetricExplanationConsumer awarenessThe gold standard requires active campaigns and measures,including

275、social media,to increase consumer awareness of the benefits of EV technology,address misconceptions and misinformation,and provide EV experience opportunities.Drive daysThe gold standard requires dedicated and ongoing support for drive days to demonstrate the benefits of EVs to consumers and fleet m

276、anagers,providing opportunities to learn more about EV technology and trial different vehicles.Vehicle emissions/pollution labelsThe gold standard involves clear labelling,as part of vehicle registration,to outline the level of emissions and differentiate low emissions vehicles from higher polluting

277、 vehicles,supporting the future introduction of levies or schemes based on tailpipe emissions.Fleet transition resourcesThe gold standard requires the provision of resources to facilitate the transition of fleets to electric vehicles,including information on benefits,available models,charging infras

278、tructure,and financial incentives,along with educational events or webinars.ROAD USER CHARGE Policy MetricExplanationRoad User Charge DisincentiveEfforts to support a national discussion on road tax reform that considers the full economic costs of all fuel types,and does not specifically target elec

279、tric vehicles.Efforts should also consider the equity impacts of different schemes on regional/rural residents.For this metric,100%is provided to jurisdictions not actively introducing a road user charge specifically on EVs,and that are instead seeking a national discussion on broad road tax reform.

280、58STATE OF EVs|2023APPENDIXTRUCKSPolicy MetricExplanationRegulation(Supply)The gold standard requires targeted commitments and/or actions to regulate an increase in electric truck supply/availability,such as sales mandates aligned with emission reduction targets and active efforts to modify Australi

281、an Design Rules to facilitate truck electrification.Financial incentivesThe gold standard requires targeted financial support,such as rebates,loans,tax exemptions,or other incentives,to reduce upfront and/or operating costs associated with electric trucks.Charging infrastructureThe gold standard inv

282、olves substantive financial and/or regulatory support for the deployment of depot and/or public charging infrastructure that can accommodate electric trucks.AwarenessThe gold standard entails programs to increase consumer and business awareness of the benefits of electric trucks,address misconceptio

283、ns and misinformation,and support electric truck experience opportunities for businesses,potentially including vehicle pollution labels.BUSESPolicy MetricExplanationRegulation(Supply)The gold standard requires commitments and/or actions to regulate an increase in public and private electric bus supp

284、ly/availability,aiming for the vast majority of buses to be electrified by the mid-2030s and no more purchases of diesel buses.Financial support The gold standard includes rebates,loans,tax exemptions,or other incentives to reduce upfront and/or operating costs associated with electric buses,with th

285、e timeline dependent on regional circumstances.Charging infrastructureThe gold standard involves substantive financial and/or regulatory support for the deployment of dedicated charging infrastructure,including depots,to accommodate electric buses.AwarenessThe gold standard entails efforts to increa

286、se consumer and business awareness of the benefits of electric buses,address misconceptions and misinformation,and introduce vehicle pollution labels to raise awareness of emissions impacts.59STATE OF EVs|2023APPENDIXMICRO-MOBILITYPolicy MetricExplanationRegulationThe gold standard requires commitme

287、nts and/or actions to regulate an increase in safe electric micro-mobility device supply/availability,including permission for shared e-bikes and e-scooters with infrastructure support,prioritising societal and environmental benefit.Financial incentivesThe gold standard includes rebates,loans,tax ex

288、emptions,or other incentives to reduce upfront and/or operating costs associated with electric micro-mobility devices,incentivising reduced private car use and promoting active transport.InfrastructureThe gold standard involves support for the deployment of public and/or workplace infrastructure to

289、support electric micro-mobility devices,incentivising reduced private car use and promoting active transport.AwarenessThe gold standard entails programs to increase consumer awareness of the benefits of electric micro-mobility devices,address misconceptions and misinformation,and support electric mi

290、cro-mobility experience opportunities for consumers.INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENTPolicy MetricExplanationSkills and trainingThe gold standard involves efforts to develop new skills and training courses across the EV value chain,including upskilling programs and national consistency.Critical MineralsThe gold

291、standard includes financial and/or regulatory support to enable investment in and expansion of local critical mineral supply for both domestic and international use.Refining/ProcessingThe gold standard involves financial and/or regulatory support to enable investment in local refining and processing

292、 of critical minerals for both domestic and international use.ManufacturingThe gold standard requires financial and/or regulatory support to enable investment in and expansion of local battery,component,and vehicle manufacturing for both domestic and international use,including the transition of exi

293、sting manufacturing industry and consideration of future opportunities.Battery reuse/recyclingThe gold standard involves financial and/or regulatory support to enable investment in and expansion of local battery reuse and recycling,capturing economic opportunities and working collaboratively with ot

294、her Australian governments and industry to ensure harmonisation with global best practices.Clean energy transitionThe gold standard involves progress towards decarbonising the electricity grid by increasing the share of renewable energy sources to support the future of electrified transport and deve

295、lopment across the EV value chain.60STATE OF EVs|2023APPENDIXDATAPolicy MetricExplanationSharing vehicle registration dataPublication of anonymised vehicle registration data at a suitable geographic level e.g.post-code level,to increase awareness of EV deployment and inform policy and planning,as we

296、ll as future transport and energy modelling.The sharing of this data should be regular e.g.every month,and ideally accessible through a single,national portal e.g.National Map.Sharing electricity grid capacity dataThe gold standard requires an ongoing effort to share electricity grid capacity data w

297、ith industry to inform EV charging infrastructure planning.Sharing charging infrastructure dataThe gold standard involves regular collection and sharing of charging infrastructure data(real-time availability,location,price,amenity,etc)to support infrastructure planning,increase consumer confidence,a

298、nd increase overall visibility of charging infrastructure options across multiple networks/operators/providersSharing EV driving/charging patternsThe gold standard includes a commitment to the collection and sharing of anonymised EV driving and/or charging patterns to inform transport and energy pla

299、nning and associated modelling.EV modellingThe gold standard involves the development and/or procurement of qualitative and/or quantitative EV modelling resources,with transparent publication of findings,to inform policy,planning,and decision-making.61STATE OF EVs|2023APPENDIXOther EV Policy IssuesP

300、olicy MetricExplanationNet zero commitmentThe gold standard requires ambitious emission reduction targets aligned with climate science,including specific sectoral emission reduction targets/strategies for transport.Energy policy related to EVsThe gold standard entails focussed efforts on energy poli

301、cy that enable EV uptake without disincentivising or creating artificial barriers to adoption.Inter-governmental cooperationThe gold standard involves ongoing efforts to work with other federal,state,and territory governments to support nationally-consistent policy and regulation and enable widespre

302、ad EV uptake across Australia.Regulation harmonisationThe gold standard includes efforts to harmonise regulation of EVs and associated infrastructure across Australia,aligning with global standards and resisting implementation of unique standards that burden local consumers and industry.Total EV fun

303、dingThe gold standard requires a strong financial commitment to support the electrification of transport,considering the relative population and size of each jurisdiction.62STATE OF EVs|2023APPENDIXAppendix B Electric Vehicle SalesYearBEV SalesPHEV SalesTotal EV SalesEV Market Share2011490490.00%201

304、2173802530.02%20131911022930.02%201437195113220.12%2015759101217710.15%201666870113690.12%20171208107622840.19%20181053116322160.21%20195292142667180.65%20205215168569000.78%2021172933372206651.95%2022334165937393533.81%2023(YTD June)430923532466248.40%63STATE OF EVs|2023APPENDIXAppendix C Electric

305、Vehicle Model AvailabilityElectric cars available to orderMake Model Variant BEV/PHEV Body Type Approximate MLP excl.on-roads($AUD)Useable battery capacity(kWh)WLTP Electric Driving Range(km)0-100 kph(seconds)Audie-tron 55 quattroBEVSUV$132,980 954365.755 quattro SportbackBEVSUV$141,442 954445.7SBEV

306、SUV$147,980 954134.5S SportbackBEVSUV$153,400 954184.5e-tron GTe-tron GTBEVSedan$158,300 934484.1RS e-tron GTBEVSedan$210,500 934333.3Q555 TFSI ePHEVSUV$98,75014.4555.355 Sportback TFSI ePHEVSUV$104,36514.4535.3BMWi4eDrive40BEVGran Coup$99,900 805205.7M50BEVGran Coup$143,900 805203.9i5eDrive40BEVSed

307、an$124,900 845826M60 xDriveBEVSedan$130,000 845163.8i7M70BEVSedan$344,900 1065603.7xDrive60BEVSedan$232,430 1066254.7iXxDrive40 SportBEVSUV$141,900 774256.1xDrive50 SportBEVSUV$169,900 1126204.6M60BEVSUV$177,500 1125663.8iX1xDrive30BEVSUV$82,90066.54405.6iX3BEVSUV$104,900 804606.83 Series330ePHEVSed

308、an$97,400 12625.95 Series530ePHEVSedan$127,400 12546.1XMPHEVSUV$229,143 25.7824.3X5xDrive50ePHEVSUV$143,900 241104.8X3xDrive30ePHEVSUV$105,000 12436.464STATE OF EVs|2023APPENDIXMakeModel VariantBEV/PHEVBody TypeApproximate MLP excl.on-roads($AUD)Useable battery capacity(kWh)WLTP Electric Driving Ran

309、ge(km)0-100 kph(seconds)BYDAtto 3Standard RangeBEVSUV$44,400 503207.3Extended RangeBEVSUV$47,400 604207.3DolphinDynamicBEVHatch$38,89044.934012.3PremiumBEVHatch$44,89060.54277Sport(Limited Edition)BEVHatch$49,99060.5TBC7CUPRABornBEVHatch$59,990775117LeonVZePHEVHatch$66,200 11.5605.7FormentorVZePHEVS

310、UV$60,990 12.8557FerrariSF90StradalePHEVSports$1,200,000 8252.5Fiat 500eBEVHatch$52,500 423119Ford Mustang Mach-ESelect RWDBEVSUV$79,990714706.9Premium RWDBEVSUV$92,990916007.0GT AWDBEVSUV$108,990914904.4EscapeST-LinePHEVSUV$54,400 10.7566GenesisGV60SportBEVSUV$103,700 744705.5GV70 ElectrifiedSportB

311、EVSUV$127,800 77.44554.2G80 ElectrifiedPremiumBEVSedan$145,000 82.54404.9GWMOraStandard RangeBEVHatch$44,500 483108.5Extended RangeBEVHatch$48,000 634208.5HyundaiIoniq 5Dynamiq RWDBEVSUV$79,300 77.45077.3Techniq AWDBEVSUV$88,000 77.44305.1Epiq AWDBEVSUV$89,600 77.44545.1Ioniq 6Dynamiq RWDBEVSedan$74

312、,000 77.46147.4Techniq AWDBEVSedan$83,50077.45195.1Epiq AWDBEVSedan$87,28877.45195.1KonaHighlander SRBEVSUV$60,500 393059.9Highlander LRBEVSUV$66,000 645577.6JaguarI-PACEEV400 SE AWD BEVSUV$146,857 904464.8I-PACE EV400 HSE AWD BEVSUV$160,217 904464.8JeepGrand CherokeeSummit Reserve 4xePHEVSUV$129,95

313、017.3526.365STATE OF EVs|2023APPENDIXMakeModel VariantBEV/PHEVBody TypeApproximate MLP excl.on-roads($AUD)Useable battery capacity(kWh)WLTP Electric Driving Range(km)0-100 kph(seconds)Land RoverRange RoverP460e AWD Standard WheelbasePHEVSUV$254,51538.21215.7P460e AWD Long WheelbasePHEVSUV$263,10038.

314、21205.8Range Rover SportP460e AWDPHEVSUV$178,650 38.21235.5Range Rover EvoqueP300e AWD PHEVSUV$104,31015626.4Range Rover VelarP400e AWD PHEVSUV$132,80017.1645.4Defender 110P400e AWDPHEVSUV$127,60019.2515.6KiaNiroSBEVSUV$72,300 64.84607.8GT-LineBEVSUV$78,400 64.84609.3EV6 Air RWDBEVSUV$72,590 77.4528

315、7.3GT-Line RWDBEVSUV$79,59077.45047.3GT-Line AWDBEVSUV$87,59077.44845.2GT AWDBEVSUV$99,59077.44243.5SorentoPHEVSUV$81,08014688.4LDVMifa 9BEVPeople Mover$106,000 904406.5Lexusux300eBEVSUV$82,515 543607.5RZ450eBEVSUV$116,000 71.44505.6NX450h+PHEVSUV$90,92318.1696.3MazdaMX-30 ElectricBEVSUV$65,490 3017

316、09.7CX-60PHEVSUV$79,990 17.8765.9Mercedes-BenzEQA250BEVSUV$78,513 66.55248.6350 4MATICBEVSUV$96,900 66.54756EQB350 4MATICBEVSUV$106,700 66.54456.2250BEVSUV$87,800 66.55079.2EQC400BEVSUV$128,000 803705.1EQE300BEVSedan$134,900 896267.3350 4MATIC BEVSedan$154,900 90.55906.3AMG 53 4MATIC+BEVSedan$214,90

317、0 90.55003.5EQSAMG 53 4MATICBEVGran Coupe$328,400 1206103.4E-Class E300ePHEVSedan$126,200 1450 5.8GLC300eGLC300ePHEVSUV$95,700 1446 5.766STATE OF EVs|2023APPENDIXMakeModel VariantBEV/PHEVBody TypeApproximate MLP excl.on-roads($AUD)Useable battery capacity(kWh)WLTP Electric Driving Range(km)0-100 kph

318、(seconds)MG451 ExciteBEVHatch$38,990 513507.764 ExciteBEVHatch$44,990 644507.964 EssenceBEVHatch$47,990 644358.377 Essence Long RangeBEVHatch$55,990 775306.5ZS EVExciteBEVHatch$46,709 51.13208.2EssenceBEVHatch$49,709 51.13208.2Long RangeBEVHatch$55,990 72.64408.5HS PLUSEssence PHEVSUV$47,990 16.6526

319、.9Excite PHEVSUV$49,690 16.6526.9MiniCooper SE Electric HatchCountryman Cooper SEBEVHatch$69,800 744606.8PHEVHatch$64,0007.6516.8MitsubishiEclipse Cross PHEVSUV$51,390 13.85410.4OutlanderPHEVSUV$61,440 20857.3NissanLeafStandardBEVHatch$53,551 392707.9e+BEVHatch$64,051 593857.3Peugeot308GT SPORT PHEV

320、PHEVHatch$64,99012.4609.7508GT HYBRID FASTBACKPHEVSedan$81,610 11.8558.33008GT SPORT HYBRID AWDPHEVSUV$84,79013.2605.9Polestar2Standard Range Single motorBEVSedan$71,600 694407.4Long Range Single Motor BEVSedan$74,800 785157.4Long Range Dual Motor BEVSedan$79,900 614807.467STATE OF EVs|2023APPENDIXM

321、akeModel VariantBEV/PHEVBody TypeApproximate MLP excl.on-roads($AUD)Useable battery capacity(kWh)WLTP Electric Driving Range(km)0-100 kph(seconds)PorscheTaycan TaycanBEVSedan$182,100 714035.44SBEVSedan$227,600 7141344 Cross Turismo BEVSedan$206,600 83.74695.14S Cross TurismoBEVSedan$106,900 83.74694

322、.1GTSBEVSedan$269,800 93.44853.7Turbo SBEVSedan$338,000 93.44402.8Turbo Cross TurismoBEVSedan$348,000 934723.3Cayenne E-HybridPHEVSUV$155,900 18444.9Panamera 4 E-HybridPHEVSUV$252,700 18564.44 E-Hybrid Platinum EditionPHEVSUV$270,900 18564.44 E-Hybrid ExecutivePHEVSUV$280,400 17.9554.5Turbo S E-Hybr

323、idPHEVSedan$307,200 18473.8Turbo S E-Hybrid CoupePHEVSUV Coupe$311,100 18473.84S E-HybridPHEVSedan$244,400 17.9543.7TeslaModel 3Rear-Wheel DriveBEVSedan$59,900 60491 6.1Long Range BEVSedan$74,300 826024.4Performance BEVSedan$87,300 825473.3Model YRear-Wheel driveBEVSUV$72,300 604556.9Long RangeBEVSU

324、V$82,300 765335PerformanceBEVSUV$96,700 765143.7VolvoC40 Recharge Pure ElectricBEVSUV$74,990 705077.4Recharge Twin Pure ElectricBEVSUV$82,490 784674.7XC40Recharge BEVSUV$72,990 784607.4Recharge Twin MotorBEVSUV$79,990 785004.9XC90 Recharge PHEVSUV$118,990 1977 5.3XC60 Recharge Plug-in Hybrid PHEVSUV

325、$97,990 19774.868STATE OF EVs|2023APPENDIXElectric cars expected to be available in Australia in the futureMakeModel VariantBEV/PHEVBody TypeEstimated RRP excl.on-roads($AUD)Useable battery capacity(kWh)WLTP Electric Driving Range(km)0-100 kph(seconds)AudiQ8TFSI ePHEVSUVTBCKiaEV9RWD Standard RangeBE

326、VSUVTBC76.18.2RWD Long RangeBEVSUVTBC99.85419.4AWD Long RangeBEVSUVTBC99.86.0LotusEletreBEVSUVTBC1074902.9MaseratiGrecale FolgoreBEVSUVTBC1055004.1Peugeot408PHEVSedanTBC12.4598.7e-2008BEVSUVTBC452508.5e-208BEVHatchTBC452758.1Polestar3Long Range Dual MotorBEVSedan$132,900 11161053Long range Dual Moto

327、r with Performance packBEVSedan$131,900 1115604.74Long Range Dual Motor BEVSUV CoupeTBC75 4804.7RenaultMegane E-TechBEVSUVTBC604507.4Rolls RoyceSpectreBEVSaloon$770,000+1005204.5SkodaEnyak iVBEVSUVTBC775008.7Enyaq Coupe iVBEVSUV CoupeTBC775448.8Fabia iVBEVHatchTBC553409.3SubaruSolterraBEVSUVTBC65460

328、7.7ToyotabZ4XBEVSUVTBC643156.9VolkswagenID.3BEVHatchTBC584207.3ID.4BEVSUVTBC775228.5ID.5GTXBEVSUVTBC775006.3GolfGTEPHEVHatchTBC10.4607.6Touareg RPHEVSUVTBC14.3475.1TiguaneHybridPHEVSUVTBC13507.4VolvoEX30BEVSUVTBC694803.6EX90BEVSUVTBC1076005.969STATE OF EVs|2023APPENDIXElectric utes and vans(availabl

329、e today and coming soon)MakeModelSegmentBattery size(kWh)WLTP Range(km)AvailabilityACEAce Cargo Van 30-50200Coming soonACE Yewt Utility30-50200Coming soonV1 TransformerVan54.5215-258Coming soonAUSEVAtlis XTUtility200645Coming soonBYDT3Van 45300Available nowEV Automotive EC11 E-CargoVan 73.6 200 Avai

330、lable nowFord E-transitVan 68 317 Available nowFotonEurise D11Van 105.7300Available nowGB Auto TEMBO 4x4 E-LV Utility Conversion 7250-100Available nowLDVeT60Utility75330Available noweDeliver 9Van 88.55280Available nowMercedes-BenzeVito Panel VanVan 60341Available noweVito TourerVan 90420Available no

331、weSprinterVan 47.6350Coming soonEQVVan90418Available nowPeugeote-PARTNERVan 50245Coming soonRenault Kangoo Z.E.Van 33 200 Available nowRenaultKangoo E-TechVan45285Coming soonSafescape Bortana EV Utility52 120 Available nowSEA Electric E4V Van 88 250 Available nowVolkswagenID.BuzzVan Coming soonVoltr

332、a e-cruiser Utility Conversion 42.24 100 Available nowZero automotive ZED70 Utility Conversion 88 330Available nowZED70 TiUtility Conversion 60250Available nowROEVHilux/Ranger conversionUtility Conversion64-96240-360Available now70STATE OF EVs|2023APPENDIXElectric trucks MakeModelSegmentBattery size

333、(kWh)Range(km)AvailabilityAusEVZeus Z-16 Truck210 350 Coming soonZeus Z-19 Truck210 350 Coming soon Zeus Z-22 Truck210 350 Coming soonXOS MDXTTruck480434Coming soonXOS HDXTTruck480370Coming soonDaimler Fuso eCanterTruck 82.8 100Available noweCanter Next GenTruck Coming soonFoton T5 Electric Truck Truck81200Available nowHyundaiMighty ElectricTruck114.5200Available nowJAC motors N55 EV truck Truck96