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1、 Navigating U.S.Offshore Wind R&D:strategic opportunities for the NetherlandsCommissioned by the Netherlands Enterprise Agency REPORT Navigating U.S.Offshore Wind R&D:strategic opportunities for the Netherlands FINAL version September 2024 DISCLAIMER This study was commissioned by the Climate and En

2、ergy Response Facility(CERF),a programme of the Netherlands Enterprise Agency.CERF collaborates with Dutch diplomatic missions in nearly 40 countries to ensure a just and inclusive green energy transition.Through CERF,the Netherlands Enterprise Agency contributes to decreasing greenhouse gas emissio

3、ns worldwide and mitigating climate change on behalf of the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs.This study was conducted in cooperation with The Netherlands Innovation Network in the U.S.The Netherlands Innovation Network is the science and tech arm of the Dutch diplomatic network.It helps to st

4、imulate international cooperation between countries,knowledge institutes,and governments,and supports innovative Dutch companies to achieve their global ambitions.Acknowledgements The Carbon Trust and Marin wrote this report based on an impartial analysis of primary and secondary sources including e

5、xpert interviews.Who we are This report is the result of a collaboration between MARIN and Carbon Trust.Carbon Trusts mission is to accelerate the move to a decarbonised future.We have been climate pioneers for more than 20 years,partnering with leading businesses,governments and financial instituti

6、ons globally.We are one global network of 400 experts with offices in the UK,the Netherlands,South Africa,China,Singapore and Mexico.MARIN is a globally recognised top institute for maritime research.Our mission is Better Ships,Blue Oceans:we stand for clean,smart and safe shipping and sustainable u

7、se of the sea.We do this as an independent knowledge partner for the maritime sector,government and society.Authors:Mary Harvey Senior Associate,Carbon Trust Mary.H Jade Dieumegard-Meyrick Analyst Jade.Dieumegard-M Olivia Burke Senior Manager Olivia.I.B Arjan Voogt Manager,MARIN A.J.Voogtmarin.nl Er

8、ik-Jan de Ridder Senior Project Manager,MARIN E.D.Riddermarin.nl 2 Contents Acknowledgements.2 Who we are.2 Authors.2 Abbreviations.3 1.Executive summary.4 2.Introduction.5 3.Identification of thematic areas.6 4.Collaboration opportunities.9 5.Open innovation calls and accelerators.18 6.Conclusion.2

9、2 Figures Figure 1:Vineyard Wind Farm,Massachusetts.Courtesy of Iberdrola.4 Figure 2:Process flow methodology to identify promising collaboration opportunities between the US and the Netherlands.6 Figure 3:Priority matching of the U.S.market priorities and Netherlands priorities and capabilities.Ana

10、lysis conducted by Carbon Trust.7 Figure 4:Installed offshore wind capacity and turbine size in the Netherlands.8 Figure 5:Capabilities of Dutch entities in engaging with the U.S.offshore wind market.9 Tables Table 1:Opportunities assessment within the NL and U.S.7 Table 2:Recent or open innovation

11、calls in the United States,with a partnering country(where applicable).18 Table 3:Recent innovation calls at a state level.20 3 Abbreviations BOEM Bureau of Ocean Energy Management DOE Department of Energy EIA Environmental Impact Assessment FOW Floating offshore wind FTE Full-time equivalent GW Gig

12、awatts IRA Inflation Reduction Act LCOE Levelized Cost of Electricity MW Megawatt NOWRDC National Offshore Wind Research and Development Consortium NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory O&M Operations and Maintenance OSW Offshore wind PIB Partners for International Business Program RVO Netherlan

13、ds Enterprise Agency TSO Transmission System Operator TUD Technical University of Delft WETO Wind Energy Technologies Office WTIV Wind turbine installation vessels 4 1.Executive summary The Netherlands is recognized as a global leader in offshore wind,offering extensive expertise and opportunities f

14、or collaboration that could help meet the ambitious targets for offshore wind deployment in the United States(U.S.).This report analyzes the priority research areas in the Unites States and the Netherlands to identify eight overlapping thematic areas,combining U.S.challenges and Dutch capabilities.T

15、hree thematic areas emerge as having the most extensive collaboration potential:transmission solutions,floating wind commercialization,and turbine scale-up and standardization.The report provides detailed insights into eight thematic areas,highlighting current U.S.and Dutch research activities and p

16、otential timelines for partnership opportunities.These areas include supply chain industrialization,turbine scale up and standardization,installation and operations and maintenance(O&M),minimizing ecological impact,offshore wind resource and site characterization,transmission solutions,floating offs

17、hore wind commercialization and integrated offshore energy systems.Additionally,an assessment of current and historic funding opportunities in the U.S.provides tangible options for collaboration for Dutch and U.S.research collaborations.This report identifies numerous opportunities for Dutch and U.S

18、.partnerships across the eight thematic areas.However,significant barriers currently hinder these potential collaborations.To ensure successful partnerships,it is recommended to address these barriers through strategic networking,capacity building,formal partnerships,and targeted R&D funding.Figure

19、1:Vineyard Wind Farm,Massachusetts.Courtesy of Iberdrola.5 2.Introduction The United States has ambitious goals to reach 30 gigawatts(GW)offshore wind by 2030.This target is backed by strong state and federal policies,resulting in a current offshore wind pipeline of 52 GW.1 Currently,only 174 megawa

20、tts(MW)is commissioned and 804 MW is under construction so significant development is needed to meet targets.Recent legislation,including the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law and the Inflation Reduction Act(IRA)of 2022,aims to support the long-term development of the offshore wind supply chain in the U

21、nited States.However,to meet the target of 30 GW by 2030,short-term action is also required and there are opportunities to seek input from international offshore wind markets to share knowledge and technology innovations.The Netherlands is recognized as a global leader in offshore wind energy,with o

22、ffshore wind playing a crucial role in the countrys transition to a sustainable energy system.The first offshore wind turbines in the Netherlands were installed in 2007 and there is currently about 5GW of installed capacity.Most of this capacity has been installed in the past 5 years,with ever-incre

23、asing turbine sizes.Until 2020,the largest turbines were 4MW,while the newer turbines are between 8MW and 12MW.These larger turbines became feasible with the construction of larger installation vessels,foundation innovations and port facility upgrades.This has made the levelized cost of energy compe

24、titive in the local market,further developing the supply chain.The Dutch offshore wind sector holds significant expertise and has the opportunity to partner,operate and share this knowledge with developing markets,including the United States.There is already ongoing collaboration between the Netherl

25、ands and the United States,in the form of an information exchange.In 2019 the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management(BOEM)and the Netherlands Government(RVO)signed a Memorandum of Understanding to create a platform for knowledge exchange of policy,risk management,environmental and ecological impact,stake

26、holder management and cost reduction.2 Subsequently,the Partners for International Business Program(PIB)was formed to provide a platform to strengthen the relationship between Dutch businesses and relevant stakeholders in the U.S.However,with ambitious targets and a large pipeline of offshore wind i

27、n the U.S.,there is an opportunity to further strengthen the partnership between the Netherlands and the United States by exploring potential innovation partnerships to address shared U.S.and Netherlands bottleneck challenges.1 U.S.Department of Energy,Offshore Wind Market Report:2023 Edition,Link 2

28、 Wind and Water Works,PIB United States.Link 6 3.Identification of thematic areas An evaluation of overlapping priority research areas and potential opportunities was carried out to highlight the opportunities for collaboration between Dutch companies and companies or projects in the United States.T

29、he methodology used in this report is illustrated in Figure 2,below.Figure 2:Process flow methodology to identify promising collaboration opportunities between the U.S.and the Netherlands.3 The sources for analysis were identified through an online literature review,focusing on those with Government

30、 input or alignment.As a mature offshore wind market,the Netherlands R&D landscape has adapted over the past two decades,with research currently focused on innovative future technologies.The U.S.market is developing quickly,with ample R&D opportunities to help accelerate the installation of offshore

31、 wind technology,but as it is still in its infancy,it is expected that new challenges and priorities will emerge as the market develops.This presents an opportunity for international collaboration to accelerate R&D efforts in the U.S.An example of this is ecological impacts and challenges which are

32、not discussed in detail in the analyzed reports for the U.S.,however,it is expected that this area will become a greater 3 References include:NOWRDC,Research and Development Roadmap 4.0,2023,Link U.S.Department of Energy,Offshore Wind Market Report:2023 Edition,Link U.S.Department of Energy,Advancin

33、g Offshore Wind Energy in the United States:Highlights,2023,Link TKI Wind Op Zee,Herijking MMIP1 2022,2023,Link TKI Wind Op Zee,The Netherlands Long-Term Offshore Wind R&D Agenda,2019,Link Wind&Water Works,2023.Dutch Offshore Wind Innovation Guide.Link US priority research areas Identification of US

34、 offshore wind challenges and priority research areas The current challenges and priority research areas for the US were collated and analysed from sources including the NOWRDC Roadmap 4.0,Offshore Wind Market Report 2023 and Advancing Offshore Wind Energy in the US.The identified challenges and res

35、earch themes were grouped into topic areas,for subsequent analysis.NL priority research areas Identification of the capabilities of Dutch organisations and priority research areas for the NL The Dutch capabilities and research themes were identified through an assessment of the TKI Offshore Energy P

36、riority Themes(TKI MMIP1),Netherlands Long-term R&D Agenda,and the Dutch Offshore Wind Innovation Guide 2024.These sources outline the existing capabilities of Dutch organisations through the extensive offshore wind development and the Dutch governments key research priorities and their commitment t

37、o addressing these.The identified research areas were grouped into topic area.Assessment Overlapping assessment of US and NL capabilities and research areas The identified topic areas for the US and NL in the previous steps were compared to pinpoint eight thematic areas with the most overlap.The res

38、ults are presented in Figure 2.These eight thematic areas serve as the foundation for this report,highlighting potential collaboration opportunities and timeframes.Distinct thematic areas are identified when there is significant repetition in either US research priorities or Dutch research prioritie

39、s and existing capabilities.Identification Identification of most promising areas for collaboration The topics raised in the analysed sources were then mapped to the eight thematic areas,quantifying the number of opportunities in each.Three promising areas for collaboration were identified with the

40、most opportunities collectively in the US and NL.7 consideration in the future based on the European experience and changes observed in the U.S.Ecological challenges including co-existence and ecology are being explored in current Dutch offshore wind projects,presenting an opportunity for Dutch orga

41、nizations to collaborate with U.S.projects.The identified topic areas were compared resulting in a selection of eight distinct thematic areas which reflect U.S.challenges and research areas,and Dutch capabilities and research areas.Figure 3 presents the mapped topics from the literature sources onto

42、 the eight thematic areas.The number of mapped topics is displayed on either side of the thematic areas in the Figure.Figure 3:Priority matching of the U.S.market priorities and Netherlands priorities and capabilities.Analysis conducted by Carbon Trust.A prioritization exercise was subsequently cond

43、ucted to highlight the most promising areas for collaboration,as shown in Table 1 below.The number of mapped topics from both sides of the ocean are multiplied to rank the collaboration potential.The three areas with most extensive collaboration potential were identified as transmission solutions,fl

44、oating wind commercialization and turbine scale-up and standardization.Table 1:Opportunities assessment within the NL and U.S.Thematic area U.S.opportunities NL opportunities U.S.*NL Collaboration potential Transmission solutions 4 3 12 Extensive Floating wind commercialization 3 4 12 Extensive Turb

45、ine scale-up and standardization 2 6 12 Extensive Installation and O&M 3 3 9 Moderate Minimizing ecological impact 2 4 8 Moderate Wind resource and site characterization 3 2 6 Moderate Integrating offshore energy systems 1 4 4 Targeted Industrialization of the supply chain 2 2 4 Targeted 8 This repo

46、rt considers challenges and opportunities in all eight of the thematic areas identified in Figure 3.The figure shows the largest number of research activities in the Netherlands on the turbine scale up and standardization area.This thematic area has been the catalyst for successful offshore wind dev

47、elopment in the Netherlands as shown in Figure 4.It requires advanced knowledge of the turbine design,foundation design and a well-developed infrastructure of port facilities,installation vessels and maintenance vessels.All areas in which partnership between Dutch design firms and research centers a

48、nd U.S.regulators,developers and investors can prove beneficial for the installation targets in the Netherlands and in the U.S.Figure 4:Installed offshore wind capacity and turbine size in the Netherlands.4 4 Voogt,A.,Marin.2024.Maritime Research Accelerating Offshore Wind Energy Deployment.Global I

49、nsights Stage,IPF 2024 9 4.Collaboration opportunities This section analyzes each of the eight thematic areas in more detail,highlighting existing capabilities and research activities within the United States and the Netherlands.This has been informed by publicly available information and interviews

50、 with Dutch entities working in this research space.Several Dutch organizations that operate within each of the eight thematic areas have been identified in Appendix 1,highlighting potential collaboration partners for U.S.entities.Analysis of each thematic area determines the likely timelines for co

51、llaboration opportunities in the U.S.market,ranging from short-term(2024-2029)opportunities to long-term(2035-2040+)opportunities,as illustrated in Figure 5.Figure 5:Capabilities of Dutch entities in engaging with the U.S.offshore wind market.To achieve the U.S.national target of 30 GW by 2030 and 3

52、9 GW by 2040,many challenges will need to be addressed which collaboration and partnership opportunities can help accelerate.The mature Dutch offshore wind market is supported by an ecosystem containing many established organizations in addition to innovators with a good understanding of how to addr

53、ess industry challenges globally.This means Dutch entities are well-placed to partner with U.S.organizations to accelerate offshore wind.However,there are barriers to collaboration including market uncertainty,exacerbated by the cancellation of recent projects and economic uncertainty.Navigating thi

54、s uncertainty,while adhering to specific U.S.rules and regulations,makes market engagement challenging for Dutch organizations.Additionally,there is a lack of expertise regarding specific U.S.metocean conditions,such as the large Atlantic swell waves on the East Coast and deep waters on the West Coa

55、st,which are not as prevalent in European waters.Combining the expertise of Dutch and U.S.entities could help to overcome U.S.market challenges.10 4.1.Industrialization of the supply chain The U.S.supply chain needs significant support to attempt to deliver the 30 GW by 2030 national target.5 Within

56、 the next 5 years,the U.S.needs to continue construction whilst upskilling and training the workforce.The wind industry employs over 126,000 people with 20,000 manufacturing roles in onshore and offshore wind.6 Making domestically assembled components cost-competitive is possible but will heavily re

57、ly on international imports to meet the 2030 capacity targets.Research,conducted by NREL,shows that the development of a domestic supply chain could create up to 10,000 full-time equivalent(FTE)jobs by 2030 in component manufacturing with other opportunities across supplier roles.7 This will require

58、 investment and innovation into the supply chain,to ensure sufficient capacity to deliver national targets.The NOWRDC Roadmap 4.0 states that innovations are required in adapting or converting existing manufacturing facilities to have offshore wind capabilities.The Dutch offshore wind supply chain h

59、as evolved from a long-standing industry of oil and gas and maritime manufacturing and servicing.As there is significant overlap with the offshore wind industry(subsea cables,substations,foundations,and shipbuilding),there has been a transition to manufacturing for offshore wind.Sif,a Dutch monopile

60、 manufacturer recently opened its latest monopile factory in Rotterdam to help meet the growing demands for offshore wind(OSW)and is now the largest monopile factory in the world.8 Robotization is another part of innovation that can help meet the growing demands for OSW and help reduce costs during

61、manufacturing and during Operations and Maintenance(O&M).The Dutch Organization for Applied Scientific Research known as TNO is researching the robotization of maintenance to reduce and replace hazardous work in maintenance and reducing maintenance costs.9 Opportunity landscape:Collaboration potenti

62、al:Targeted In the short to medium term,large investments in staging ports in the Northeast create opportunities for Dutch companies with extensive expertise in port design and dredging.Lessons learned from the development of the Maasvlakte can help develop these projects in the safest(minimum risk

63、for navigation),most economic(less future dredge maintenance)and minimum ecologic impact possible.Applying the storm surge models developed in the Netherlands can further help design these ports with the lowest risk of impact from hurricane activity.U.S.investors have also taken notice of the vessel

64、s developed specifically for offshore wind installation.Different U.S.companies are currently building cable laying vessels,a scour protection vessel and wind turbine installation vessels designed by Dutch companies.Once these vessels are in operation,the success of these purpose-built vessels might

65、 result in further orders for vessels and component designs to industrialize the supply chain.5 U.S Department of Energy,Advancing Offshore Wind Energy in the United States.Link 6 American Clean Power.Link 7 NREL,Supply Chain Road Map for Offshore Wind Energy in the United States.Link 8 offshoreWIND

66、.biz,2024.First Production Line at Worlds Largest Monopile Factory to Go Live in July.Link 9 TNO,New wind energy technology.Link 11 Industrialization of the supply chain also opens opportunities to increase efficiencies with digitization and automation.Heavy-lift cargo drones were recently deployed

67、at a Dutch wind park(Borssele 1)to improve schedule and reduce costs while improving operational safety and efficiency.Autonomous underwater vehicles bring similar benefits to seabed surveys and even installation procedures are continuously improved by walk-to-work systems and motion compensation.Co

68、mbined with a strong track record of U.S.companies increasing efficiencies,these innovations will continue to benefit the U.S.Offshore wind development.Dutch investors could also partner up with U.S.companies or open fabrication facilities in the U.S.,but given the large global demand for wind turbi

69、ne installations and the specific regulatory,environmental and technical challenges in the U.S.waters,this might be more of a targeted opportunity.4.2.Turbine scale-up and standardization Offshore wind turbine size has been increasing over the past decade and 15 MW capacity turbines are becoming mor

70、e commonplace.An increase in turbine size results in a cascade of additional requirements or adaptations to other aspects of the wind farm.The increase in turbine size increases loads on the components,affecting the structural integrity of the turbine,blades and foundations,which require further ass

71、essment and innovations,along with requirements for larger installation vessels and port facility upgrades to accommodate taller lifts.Since the U.S.market is in the early stages of development,15 MW turbines can be implemented sooner than seen in Europe with the supply chain built with consideratio

72、n of larger turbines from the start.This is already being seen with 15MW turbines being chosen at the Empire Wind sites in New York.10 These turbines and their foundations have largely undergone development with European metocean conditions,and there is the potential for innovation and adaptation to

73、 the turbines to understand performance in the U.S.conditions.Turbine innovations including durability could lead to cost reduction through increased efficiency and extended lifetime,reducing lifetime costs.The increase in turbine size to 15 MW turbines and above necessitates adjustments or innovati

74、ons to ensure proper functionality and compatibility across all components and services,specifically for the U.S.physical and market conditions.The TKI MMIP1 specifically identifies Wind Turbine Technologies and Standardization and Industrialization as a pillar focus area,with Medium and High commit

75、ment to address the area.This demonstrates the Dutch commitment to understanding these topics more readily and the existing capabilities of adapting to 15MW turbine sizes and advancements,opening opportunities for collaboration in the U.S.market.Extensive research is being conducted on turbine advan

76、cements and extending the life of components in the Netherlands.The Technical University of Delft(TUD)researches new materials for OSW and novel concepts that can ultimately reduce loads on supports.The WMC Technology Centre is involved in the design and testing of new wind turbine blades.Other Dutc

77、h research centers like MARIN and TNO are involved in R&D around wind turbines and their loads on foundations and in the field of installation,operation,and decommissioning.10 offshoreWIND.biz,2021.BP and Equinor Pick Vestas 15 MW turbines for US Offshore Wind Projects.Link 12 Opportunity landscape:

78、Collaboration potential:Extensive R&D centers in the Netherlands are interested in collaborating with U.S.Offshore wind partners to support existing suppliers in upgrading their equipment for the U.S.market.Dutch research centers can also support local developers on the specifics of project developm

79、ent including installation and operation in an efficient way,based on the knowledge gained in the last 20 years with the North Sea projects.In the medium term,the turbine scale-up also creates opportunities to upgrade existing wind farms based on advanced knowledge of blade(tip)design and control sy

80、stems with digital twin technologies to further increase power production and increase the life expectancy of the turbines.4.3.Installation and O&M The Merchant Act of 1920(the Jones Act)prevents foreign-flagged vessels from coastal trade across ports in the U.S.,which directly impacts OSW farms.Pro

81、jections from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory(NREL)have signaled that to meet the 2030 OSW targets,between 4 and 6 wind turbine installation vessels(WTIVs)are needed in the U.S.11 With a limited number of WTIVs in operation,this is expected to be the bottleneck for offshore wind farm constr

82、uction to meet 2030 targets.Whilst there are methods of working around the Jones Act,these are costly.Given that installation constitutes a significant portion of capital costs,even without taking the Jones Act into consideration,significant innovation and cost reductions are needed.The Netherlands

83、has extensive offshore installation capabilities originating with the oil and gas industry and has numerous bespoke vessels capable of heavy lift operations.Innovations have contributed to the cost reduction of monopile installation,with innovative methods being used to reduce the reliance on slip j

84、oints and bolts,potentially saving millions.12 The extensive pipeline of offshore wind in the U.S.will require an increase in relevant vessels and innovative installation and O&M methods.There is an opportunity to collaborate and share Dutch expertise,particularly in heavy lift vessels,to be complia

85、nt with U.S.regulations(the Jones Act)and specific to the U.S.market.Opportunity landscape:Collaboration potential:Targeted There are several large Dutch vessels capable of heavy lift operations,which are providing services for foundation installation.There is a significant opportunity for the Dutch

86、 service operators and owners to share expertise and advance the construction of Jones Act-compliant vessels,easing the bottleneck.Dutch knowledge of underwater noise mitigation is used to limit disturbance and complex motion compensation systems are used to increase operability.These and other tech

87、nological advancements are needed to install turbines in the more challenging Atlantic waters within the framework of the U.S.industry.Dutch companies with innovative ideas have opportunities in this area but might not have the experience record to show for it.To overcome 11 NREL,Supply Chain Road M

88、ap for Offshore Wind Energy in the United States.Link 12 Wind&Water Works,2023.Dutch Offshore Wind Innovation Guide.Link 13 resistance against scheduling uncertainties,they need to demonstrate how their innovation accelerates the U.S.offshore wind development through pilot projects and risk assessme

89、nts.The U.S.government(with the IRA and other means)would like to stimulate offshore wind development but will not do this with active subsidies to individual companies.Instead,they provide incentives to develop new solutions and sponsor research through entities such as DOE,NOWRDC and NREL to benef

90、it the whole industry.Chapter 5 provides some examples of previous innovation calls where these topics have been addressed through available funding.4.4.Minimizing ecological impact Greater consideration of ecology and wildlife(both negative and positive impacts)as part of the offshore wind decision

91、-making process is becoming more prominent,especially as the cumulative impact of offshore wind projects grows.There is existing research taking place on these topics and in the U.S.all federal agencies have responsibility for environmental impact assessments(EIA)and mitigating the impacts of OSW pe

92、r the National Environmental Policy Act.13 Net-positive ecology is a research area for the U.S.Department of Energys(DOE)Wind Energy Technologies Office(WETO),which is collaborating with researchers across the DOEs national laboratories to investigate wind blade recycling as a part of the circular e

93、conomy objectives.An example of work on circularity and raw materials is the research collaborations between Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the NREL in producing blades and generators with fewer materials.14 During installation and O&M there can be direct and indirect ecological impacts varying a

94、cross species within the wider ecosystem with some species being impacted by noise effects,water quality or potential collision risks all of which can be minimized through risk mitigation.Environmental impact assessments form the foundation for understanding the ecological impact,which needs to be c

95、omplemented with long-term ecological data monitoring.RVO introduced a pioneering policy which requires the curtailment of turbines at Dutch offshore wind farms to allow for bird migration.The policy has been possible due to the sufficient and valuable data collection of bird migration patterns over

96、 time,with an understanding of the interaction with turbine blades.This is an example of how monitoring systems can be used to reduce ecological impacts for long-term offshore wind developments.The Netherlands has been supportive of research contributing to reducing ecological impacts,resulting in e

97、xpertise across many sectors of offshore ecology managers or marine biodiversity specialists,which has now developed a self-sufficient industry with expertise.Nature-inclusive design and coexistence feature heavily across recent Dutch projects,resulting in an increase in expertise on these topics.Re

98、search is taking place in the Netherlands related to minimizing ecological impacts including organizations such as GROW.The Dutch multi-year research program WOZEP also focuses on the ecological impact of offshore wind,which creates another opportunity for cooperation between both sides of the Atlan

99、tic.With the pipeline of projects in the U.S.,the cumulative impact of installing foundations will soon become a prominent challenge and Dutch expertise could be utilized.13 Congressional Research Service,2024.Potential Impacts of Offshore Wind on the Marine Ecosystem and Associated Species:Backgrou

100、nd and Issues for Congress.Link 14 Wind Energy Technologies Office,2021.No Time To Waste:A Circular Economy Strategy for Wind Energy.Link 14 Opportunity landscape:Collaboration potential:Moderate Based on the feedback from the initial projects and with the developing regulatory framework in the U.S.

101、,it is expected that ecological challenges will need to be addressed more thoroughly in the near future.Both the U.S.and the Netherlands have strong research capabilities,and as addressing ecological and wildlife impacts requires these skills,this area is well suited to international cooperation.4.5

102、.Offshore wind resource and site characterization The second pillar of the NOWRDC Roadmap 4.0 is dedicated to improving data collection and validation for offshore wind resources and site characterization in the U.S.15 Resource evaluation is key during the planning phase of OSW projects and to do so

103、 assessments rely on atmospheric models,metocean data and in-situ measurements for model validation.Due to the risk of hurricanes and seismic activity,there is a significant amount of research taking place in the U.S.to study the impacts of extreme weather on turbines.16 Data collection in harsh con

104、ditions is challenging and often models are reliant on publicly available buoys at heights significantly lower than a hub height greatly increasing data uncertainty.There have been activities in U.S.waters for metocean data collection,but there are varying degrees of accessibility of this data and d

105、ata gaps.Data accessibility will facilitate quicker design and development of offshore wind sites and research is being conducted with organizations such as NERACOOS and NOAA to investigate the feasibility of collecting and reporting specific metocean data.In Europe,public data sets provide high-qua

106、lity metocean data that is available to the public and benefits academia and developers.In the Netherlands,RVO has launched a data portal with published site characterizations.17 The capabilities lie in the Netherlands to assist in increasing the data availability for OSW however further collaborati

107、on would be required with U.S.departments and developers that are the present data owners.Opportunity landscape:Collaboration potential:Moderate For site characterization,Dutch research vessels and autonomous underwater vehicles are mapping the seabed to determine soil conditions and water depth for

108、 underwater cables.Autonomous vessels and robotics facilitate long-term environmental data collection reducing the need for personnel offshore in harsh weather conditions.Further,capabilities in robotics technology are being used to perform environmental characterization,habitat mapping and baseline

109、 surveys remotely.For extreme wind conditions and hurricane modelling,a Dutch research institute participates in a large research project under the flagship of the U.S.National Oceanographic Partnership Program on Hurricane Coastal Impacts,consisting of 30 academic,government and industry partners t

110、o investigate how to best model these phenomena.18 These models include the entire U.S.East Coast and the Gulf of Mexico coast.15 National Offshore Wind,2023.Research and Development Roadmap 4.0.Link 16 Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,2018.Wind Turbines in Extreme Weather:Solutions

111、for Hurricane Resiliency.Link 17 Windpowernl,2023.New data portal makes Dutch offshore wind site data more accessible.Link 18 Forecasting hurricanes on US Coast Link 15 4.6.Transmission solutions Across the U.S.,there are OSW integration issues regarding the grid and significant transmission updates

112、 are needed to meet the ambitious 2030 target.The DOE published a“Building a Better Grid Initiative”to identify upgrades in high-priority areas.19 Transmission is not standardized but rather responsibilities lie with the individual developers.With limited interconnection points along coastlines rema

113、ining there is a risk of interconnection queues as the grid may not have the required capacity in time for the new developments.Several aspects contribute to successful transmission infrastructure,stretching across both onshore and offshore site locations.Innovative design solutions,including HVDC t

114、ransmission,development of subsea cables,installation strategies and vessels capable of installing the subsea cables,substructure manufacturing and innovative electrical equipment including reactive compensation systems,all contribute to the transmission solution.The transmission system for offshore

115、 wind connection is coordinated by the Transmission System Operator(TSO),TenneT,in the Netherlands.TenneT is responsible for the design and buildout of the infrastructure,streamlining the grid connection to match the estimated construction time for OSW projects.TenneT develops the grid infrastructur

116、e holistically,with foreplaning,allowing for standardization of design.The Netherlands experiences benefits from this model including cost savings due to economies of scale of infrastructure as well as more strategic benefits such as national security.12 The transmission model in the U.S.is currentl

117、y different from the Netherlands,with the offshore wind developer taking responsibility for the transmission infrastructure buildout,rather than TenneT.Although the same model is unlikely to be adopted,to enable complete standardization of the offshore transmission system,there are still numerous op

118、portunities to implement innovative technology aspects relating to subsea cables,substations and substation platforms,monitoring systems and transmission installation solutions within U.S.wind farm developments.Opportunity landscape:Collaboration potential:Extensive For transmission solutions,Dutch

119、companies provide cable laying solutions and innovative standardized connectors and substations for subsea infrastructure.Offshore wind parks include many cable terminations for all inter-array cables and it is therefore important to prevent downtime and reduce(failure)cost by increasing robustness.

120、Based on experience in the North Sea,several Dutch companies are researching cable improvements and are interested in sharing their lessons learned with partners in the United States to cooperate to design failproof solutions for cables,connectors and substations.4.7.Floating offshore wind commercia

121、lization With an estimated two-thirds of potential offshore wind in deeper waters,floating technology will be required to meet the full potential of offshore wind in the United States.Floating offshore wind(FOW)is an emerging industry globally,but the U.S.government is providing support for the deve

122、lopment 19 Department of Energy,Building Better Grid Initiative,2022,Link 16 including the launch of the Floating Offshore Wind Energy shot in 2022,which aims to reduce costs of FOW by up to 70%by 2035.21 A recent development in the U.S.FOW market is the announcement that the Humboldt district in Ca

123、lifornia will receive over$400 million in grants to construct a modern terminal for preassembly and launch of FOW.20 The U.S.currently leads with the number of patents registered for floating foundations,21 though to harness the full potential of FOW it is noted that standardization is required acro

124、ss manufacturing and installation processes,and standardization more specifically across components.22 As the U.S.is starting to develop its FOW capabilities it presents an opportunity for an early streamlining of platform types and standardization across the manufacturing which has the potential to

125、 lead to accelerated economies of scale.In the Netherlands,Dutch foundation designer SBM Offshore and French Technip Energies have created a joint venture entity to combine the design expertise of their foundation designs,to improve compatibility,benefiting the industry as a whole.23 The deeper wate

126、rs of FOW sites are typically further from shore,encountering harsher metocean conditions,which poses challenges during installation and O&M.The typical vessels used for fixed-bottom installations cannot be used interchangeably.To overcome these challenges innovative installation methods along with

127、stabilization techniques to enhance crew safety will be required;this creates an opportunity for existing Dutch installation companies.Research is being conducted in the Netherlands into floating solar technology,by a number of research organizations,SMEs and private developers including the SolarSe

128、a,Crosswind Hollandse Kust and SolarDuck offshore prototype projects.24 Floating solar can be used in tandem with FOW to maximize energy production with the space between turbines.Floating solar panels require mooring,similar to floating offshore turbine platforms,opening up the opportunity for coll

129、aboration on mooring techniques for floating offshore wind in the U.S.,which has a high capacity potential due to deep waters.In the future,once floating solar projects have been successfully demonstrated in the Netherlands,there will be the opportunity to collaborate with U.S.projects,increasing th

130、e electricity yield in a single space.As floating solar is still at a low technology readiness level,the opportunities for this are long-term.Opportunity landscape:Collaboration potential:Extensive Commercialization of floating offshore wind is still on the horizon,but Dutch design companies with ex

131、tensive experience in the O&G industry could play an important role in this market.Floating offshore wind designs will have to focus on constructability and bankability and might involve alternative turbine designs which are better able to benefit from the floater motions.With demonstration projects

132、 underway in Europe and Asia,the U.S.is not expected to be the first market to commercialize floating wind,but incentives in California will allow for major port development in the medium term.Dutch expertise from the expansion of the Maasvlakte and innovations about the floating ports of the future

133、 may contribute to this focus area.20 offshoreWIND.biz,2024.Californian Port to Get USD 400+Million for Floating Wind Terminal.Link 21 IRENA,2024.Floating offshore wind outlook.International Renewable Energy Agency.Link 22 Engineering and Technology,2024.New floating offshore wind survey reveals the

134、 major hurdles and risks facing the sector.Link 23 SWZ Maritime,2024.SBM and Technip form floating wind joint venture.Link 24 Floating Solar Panels,TNO,Link 17 4.8.Integrated offshore energy systems Flexibility solutions and co-generation technologies will be essential for transitioning to an integr

135、ated offshore energy system.Whilst research is ongoing,for example with NREL,there are no demonstrator sites for integrated energy systems,presenting an opportunity for collaboration.The U.S.Government supports this transition through the implementation of measures such as the TRANSFORM initiative o

136、f the Advancing Offshore Wind Energy in the U.S.(2023)report and the Inflation Reduction Act which will provide tax incentives to support hydrogen co-generation,wind-to-X technologies,storage solutions and energy hubs.25 However,the introduction of these measures is a way off,with the IRA tax credit

137、s scheduled to be launched after 2030,providing an opportunity to collaborate with Dutch entities who are researching integrated offshore energy systems.Significant technology development is taking place with Dutch organizations within the energy storage space,including organizations such as Giga St

138、orage and Lion Storage.Additionally,Green hydrogen expertise is progressing in the Netherlands,with projects such as NortH2 and H2opZee demonstrating the conversion of offshore wind power to green hydrogen at the offshore platform.As these projects progress over the next decade,the expertise of gree

139、n hydrogen production and offshore electrolysis will continue to grow,with an opportunity to share learnings in international markets such as the U.S.Opportunity landscape:Collaboration potential:Targeted Another topic area of interest for the long term is the integration of offshore energy systems.

140、Cost reduction in floating wind enabled by deployment at scale will produce abundant power making the viability of green hydrogen production.Several Dutch players with experience in floating production vessels are studying the opportunity to harvest this energy and Dutch research institutes are stud

141、ying the best ways to generate,transport and use hydrogen.Solar wind development within offshore wind parks in Europe will also improve the understanding of integrated energy systems.Eneco and OCI N.V have collaborated on NortH2 which is an OSW to hydrogen project being developed in Eemshaven and by

142、 2040 the project is predicted to produce 1 million tons of green hydrogen a year.12 Another hydrogen project of note is the H2opZee demonstration project being developed in the Dutch part of the North Sea by RWE and Neptune Energy to build electrolyzes with a capacity of up to 500 MW to produce hyd

143、rogen.26 25 U.S Department of Energy,Advancing Offshore Wind Energy in the United States.Link 26 RWE,H2opZee.Link 18 5.Open innovation calls and accelerators There are several funding opportunities for research and development projects which will address challenges specific to the U.S.offshore wind

144、market.The opportunities differ in their focus areas,with some providing broad focus areas and others specific and narrow focus areas.A list of recent funding calls and solicitations is provided in Table 2 below,with state specific funding calls identified in Table 3.Table 2:Recent or open innovatio

145、n calls in the United States,with a partnering country(where applicable).#Country Funding Partners Years Active Focus Objective Research Areas 1 United States and Denmark Innovation Fund Denmark and the U.S.Department of Energy27 Announced a$4.2 million innovation opportunity.Funding applications ar

146、e yet to open,expected to be released in Spring 2024.2024 Floating offshore wind To advance floating offshore wind energy systems towards cost-effective commercialization and wide-scale deployment Focused specifically on mooring innovations:Compatibility strategies for mooring,cabling and coexistenc

147、e;Mass-producible,high-reliability moorings;Novel station-keeping systems and components;Monitoring and inspection technologies for moorings;Open topic addressing mooring technologies 2 United States and UK Innovate UK and NOWRDC28 Innovate UK is funding 2 million into the UK innovator.Innovators mu

148、st partner with a U.S.entity that receives separate funding through NOWRDC.2024-2026 Cost reduction Reduce cost and risk of offshore wind development projects throughout the U.S.Solutions to facilitate offshore wind resiliency and transmission coordination Operations and maintenance systems developm

149、ent Innovation to facilitate ocean area coexistence Sub-categories provide specific details of the technologies/projects which are eligible.27 Wind Energy Technologies Office,2024.DOE and Innovation Fund Denmark Announce Upcoming$4 Million Opportunity to Advance Floating Offshore Wind.Link 28 Innova

150、te UK,UK-US Offshore Wind Collaborative R&D.Link 19 3 United States United States Department of Energy29 U.S.DoE announced a notice of intent for a$48 million funding opportunity.2025-Project end Floating platforms,foundations and monitoring Accelerate wind power off U.S.coasts and contribute to a r

151、obust U.S.clean energy economy driven by a carbon-free power sector.Six key topic areas:Floating offshore wind platform research and development Innovation for fixed-bottom offshore wind foundation types and supporting infrastructure Technology advancement for bird and bat research office Developmen

152、t of a manufacturing and supply chain offshore wind consortium in the Great Lakes region Floating offshore wind center of excellence Protecting the future offshore wind fleet against lightning 4 United States Wind Energy Technology30 Office Regularly funds research and development across competitive

153、 solicitations.2008-Present day Innovations in OSW Addressing various technical innovations and providing various funding mechanisms.Open solicitations in 2024:Fluid Dynamics Improving the aerodynamic performance of OSW turbines Ocean Energy Safety Institute RFP on OSW Energy 5 United States NOWRDC

154、Solicitation rounds 1-431 Round 4:Funding pool of$10.6 million supported by NYSERDA,CEC,MassCEC and BOEM.2021-Present day Innovations in floating OSW Address various floating technological,environmental,and cost barriers to help accelerate the deployment of FOW.Round 4 focuses on key areas for float

155、ing offshore wind including:Innovations in Ports and Vessels;Transmission Technology Advancement;Uncrewed Underwater Vehicles for Environmental Monitoring.29 Wind Energy Technologies Office,Funding Notice:Nearly$50 Million Funding Opportunity for Offshore Wind National and Regional Research and Deve

156、lopment.Link 30 Wind Energy Technologies Office.Link 31 National Offshore Wind Research&Development Consortium,Solicitation 4.0 Innovations in Floating Offshore Wind.Link 20 Previous funding calls at a state level that may be relevant for future tenders are displayed in Table 3.Outputs from state le

157、vel funding calls will still be relevant more widely for U.S.OSW developments.Table 3:Recent innovation calls at a state level.Name of Funding Description of work and previous examples 6 Maine OSW Research Consortium32 The consortium focuses on the challenges of floating OSW in Maine,minimizing envi

158、ronmental impact and methods of improving cost efficiency.An ongoing project is researching and delivering the collection of seabed data to map 840 square nautical miles of the seabed.7 California Energy Commission33 A newly established Wind Waterfront Facility Improvement Grant Program aims to supp

159、ort retrofitting,engineering studies and environmental reviews.The Funding opportunities are currently pending.8 NYSERDA34 The 2024 solicitation is the 5th solicitation NYSERDA has launched.ORECRFP24-1 covers commitments to environmental and fisheries plans,stakeholder engagement and requirements to

160、 make environmental data publicly available.9 New Jersey Economic Development Authority35 The Wind Institute for Innovation&Training coordinates workforce development and R&D to support New Jerseys 2040 OSW target.In 2023 there was a request for expressions of interest for the creation of a wind inn

161、ovation center.The examples listed in Table 2 and Table 3 above provide a non-exhaustive list of some of the historic and existing opportunities for funding research and innovation projects in the U.S.Many of these innovation calls require applicants to have a specific presence in the U.S.market,cre

162、ating specific partnership opportunities leveraging local U.S.knowledge and Dutch research expertise.Of the previously identified thematic areas for Dutch collaboration in the United States,we have identified the historical and current opportunities,showing support within this research topic.The are

163、as with extensive collaboration potential have the following opportunities:1.Transmission solutions:This topic has been specifically addressed within funding calls 2 and 5 which focus on resiliency,transmission coordination innovations and transmission technology advancements.Additionally,funding ca

164、ll 3 focuses on a specific transmission issue by examining the interaction of lighting with offshore wind farms,inherently addressing system protection and its impact on broader transmission.As more offshore wind farms connect to the grid,transmission challenges will increasingly compound,impacting

165、the connection and transmission of future OSW farms.The significance of this challenge is reflected in the available funding opportunities.2.Floating wind commercialization:This topic has been addressed through funding call 1,which focuses entirely on mooring innovations and funding call 3 which off

166、ers substantial funding 32 State of Maine Governors Energy Office.Maine Offshore Wind Research Consortium.Link 33 California Energy Commission,Offshore Wind Waterfront Facility Improvement Program.Link 34 New York State,Offshore Wind-Requests for Proposals.Link 35 NJEDA,Wind Institute for Innovation

167、 and Training.Link 21 specifically for floating offshore wind platform research and development.Additionally,the Maine OSW Research Consortium 6 continues to highlight floating wind challenges in Maine,with broader applicability.A large amount of the OSW potential in the U.S.is located in deeper,mor

168、e challenging waters.To be able to fully exploit the offshore resources,floating OSW will be necessarily,reflected in the number of dedicated research opportunities.3.Turbine scale-up and standardization:This topic has been specifically addressed through funding call 3 which focuses on innovation fo

169、r fixed-bottom OSW foundation types and supporting infrastructure.Additionally,funding call 4 looks to address improvements of the aerodynamic performance of OSW turbines.As the installation pipeline continues to grow,this topic will become more important,to capitalize on economies of scale and effi

170、ciency.The areas with moderate collaboration potential:4.Installation and O&M:This topic has been addressed specifically through 2,which directly focuses on the development of O&M systems.It is also indirectly covered in 3 and 5,which addresses supply chain capabilities within the Great Lakes Region

171、 and innovations in ports and vessels research area.Installation and O&M remain significant,present challenges in the U.S.market and the numerous funding opportunities have been reflective of this urgent need to overcome the challenge.5.Minimizing ecological impact:This topic has been explicitly add

172、ressed in funding call 3 which focuses on ornithological research to better understand the specific risks to U.S.offshore wind projects.It is also implicitly covered under the ocean area coexistence topic in funding call 2.As the cumulative impacts of OSW installation become more significant,additio

173、nal funding opportunities are expected to emerge in this area,aligning with research trends in Europe.This is evidenced by the 5th NYSERDA solicitation which includes a specific focus area on environmental and fisheries plans.6.Wind resource and site characterization:So far,funding opportunities wit

174、hin the topic area have been localized.The Maine OSW Research Consortium 6 is currently focusing on collecting seabed data within the State boundary and this will likely continue to be a localized effort,due to the extensive seabed area available in the U.S.Consequently,collaboration opportunities m

175、ay be limited to specific states.The areas with targeted collaboration potential:7.Integrating offshore energy systems:To date,none of the identified funding opportunities focused on the topic of integrating offshore energy systems.The challenge of integrated offshore energy systems,such as power-to

176、-X or energy hubs and storage co-generation,is a longer-term challenge in the U.S.,with more immediate challenges taking precedence.Research is being conducted in the Netherlands in this space,and will continue to be addressed over the next few years,to explore collaboration opportunities in the fut

177、ure.8.Industrialization of the supply chain:Funding call 3 addresses this topic through the research area on supply chain and manufacturing in the Great Lakes region,leveraging existing capabilities and addressing future challenges with locational proximity to offshore wind projects.The Netherlands

178、has a strong offshore wind supply chain,specialized in areas outlined in Chapter 4.However,collaboration opportunities are more nuanced,requiring careful consideration of factors such as location,commercial state,local workforce and technological capabilities to ensure successful partnerships on a c

179、ase-by-case basis.22 6.Conclusion This report outlines several key challenges facing the U.S.market over the next decade.The U.S.coastline offers significant opportunity for offshore wind development,with a resource potential of over 5,000 GW.36 With a national target of 30 GW by 2030,there are sign

180、ificant opportunities for companies to support research and development aimed at addressing the key challenges facing the U.S.market and to accelerate deployment.The experienced offshore wind industry in the Netherlands has generated extensive expertise in various fields as outlined in Chapter 4 of

181、this report.While there are numerous opportunities for collaboration between Dutch and U.S.entities in these research areas,there are also significant barriers that must be overcome to ensure successful partnerships.Current barriers facing Dutch entities on collaboration opportunities were explored

182、throughout this report,including a potential lack of expertise or experience in U.S.regulation,commercial environment and environmental conditions.Operating without a local physical presence can limit relationship building and the ability to apply for funding.Logistically,the time and geographical d

183、ifferences can make partnership opportunities more difficult to establish and maintain.To successfully enable partnerships and collaboration between Dutch and U.S.entities,there are several recommendations for businesses,governments and knowledge institutes to address the existing barriers:Promote n

184、etworking platforms.Platforms that foster collaboration are essential for creating partnerships between Dutch and U.S.organizations.The PIB has been effective in establishing such connections,but the platform is nearing its end.Continued funding of such opportunities would not only facilitate networ

185、king and organically grow partnerships but also provide a means for capacity building and research sharing.Government funding for these platforms,combined with private sector investment into specific capacity building events or knowledge institutes,would lead to successful outcomes.Capacity building

186、 events and knowledge institutes.Capacity building events should include knowledge exchange of Dutch research and existing capabilities and U.S.expertise of specific market constraints and commercial status,specifically in the three areas identified in this report as having extensive collaboration p

187、otential.Additionally,it has been highlighted through this report that the localized nature of data collection can pose significant challenges for global players seeking collaboration.It would be beneficial for government organizations,to facilitate discussions with relevant U.S.entities on mitigati

188、ng barriers to collaborating in specific areas.Explore formal partnership opportunities.Capacity building and networking events will form the foundation of new partnerships,but to take the partnership to the next level,it is the responsibility of the individual organizations to solidify these collab

189、orations.Existing private and public resources such as the Netherlands Enterprise Agency in the Netherlands and the 36 USA_Offshore-Wind-Technical-Potential_GWEC-OREAC.pdf 23 Dutch economic network in the United States,can be utilized to find connection opportunities.The Dutch economic network in th

190、e US consists of the Netherlands Embassy in Washington D.C.,Consulate Generals in five major cities and several Netherlands Business Support Offices where there is no diplomatic representation.In Boston the Netherlands Innovation Network is present to help innovators connect to the local ecosystem.I

191、dentify R&D funding opportunities.Chapter 5 of this report identifies many R&D funding opportunities which are ongoing in the United States.It is recommended that readers of this report,with aspirations to accelerate the research and development landscape in the U.S.should familiarize themselves wit

192、h the available funding streams.Resources will be available through the sources in the information box below,to assist with information.Disseminate activities and capabilities.To ensure successful collaboration opportunities are capitalized,it is important to disseminate activities and research rega

193、rding the areas outlined in this report.Organizations are encouraged to reach out and make connections and disseminate capabilities.In summary,addressing current barriers through strategic networking,capacity building,formal partnerships,and targeted R&D funding will be crucial for fostering success

194、ful partnerships between Dutch and U.S.entities in the offshore wind sector.FOR MORE INFORMATION To find out more information on the expertise of the Dutch industry,please refer to:Offshore wind energy|Renewable energy|Government.nl(rvo.nl)Climate and Energy Response Facility-CERF(rvo.nl)Dutch Offsh

195、ore Wind Innovation Guide 2024(rvo.nl)The Dutch in the U.S.wind market(windandwaterworks.nl)Or please contact Was-iaminbuza.nl,ninnost-boston.org and nyc-eaminbuza.nl.24 Appendix 1:Repository of Dutch innovators Company name Thematic area Details VDL Klima BV Transmission solutions Design,manufactur

196、e,and installation of heat exchange and air treatment systems Interdam Transmission solutions Design,manufacture,and installation of lightweight substation fire and blast-resistant wall systems TKF Transmission solutions Design and manufacture of submersed power cables Ocean Grazer Transmission solu

197、tions Utility scale offshore energy storage Reynard Transmission solutions High voltage technicians GustoMSC Floating wind commercialization Design and engineering of advanced vessels like WTIVs,Jackup and Semi-Submersibles Bluewater Floating wind commercialization Design and engineering of floating

198、 wind foundations,dynamic cables and mooring systems SBM Floating wind commercialization Design and development of floating wind platforms and moorings Lankhorst Floating wind commercialization Design and manufacture of synthetic ropes for mooring systems Vrijhof-Delmar Floating wind commercializati

199、on Design,manufacture and installation of drag anchors MARIN Floating wind commercialization Development,testing,and optimization of offshore wind solutions Royal IHC Turbine scale-up Engineering and manufacturing of specialized vessels and tools Damen Turbine scale-up Design and construction of SOV

200、s and CTVs Huisman Turbine scale-up Design and manufacturing of heavy lift&advanced handling systems Trelleborg Turbine scale-up Design and construction of seals and bearings C-Job Turbine scale-up Design of vessels and offshore structures Vuyk Turbine scale-up Maritime engineering support RoyalHask

201、oning Turbine scale-up Offshore renewable energy consultancy WE4CE:Turbine scale-up wind turbine rotor blade specialists 25 CAPE Holland Installation and O&M Vibro Lifting Tool which requires no supplemental noise mitigation techniques when pile driving,reducing installation costs through a combined

202、 technique.Van Oord Installation and O&M VanOord,foundation installations,cable installation,dredging Heerema Marine Contractors Installation and O&M Tasked with transporting and installing the 64 XL monopiles for the first designed 15 MW turbine.1 SPT Offshore Installation and O&M Subsea foundation

203、 installations DEME Installation and O&M Turbine installation with WTIVs Boskalis Installation and O&M Foundation installations,cable laying,heavy transport ships Mammoet Installation and O&M Heavy transport and lifting Seaway7 Installation and O&M EPCI services for installation and services Seaquil

204、ize Installation and O&M Innovative motion compensation machine to increase the operating envelope of cranes Bargemaster Installation and O&M Gangway and motion compensation platforms for heavy lift operations Ampelmann Installation and O&M Gangway systems Enduro Installation and O&M Softslings to c

205、ounteract the effect of wave-induced motion,enabling precise handling of equipment Ulstein Design&Solutions BV Installation and O&M Exploring autonomous vessel technology,which could play a role in the future of offshore wind operations,particularly in maintenance and monitoring tasks.Oyster Heaven

206、Minimizing ecological challenges Ecological Restoration TNO Minimizing ecological challenges Research on the environmental impact of offshore wind farms,including studies on marine life and ecosystems.Wageningen Marine Research (WUR)Minimizing ecological challenges The institute focuses on marine ec

207、ology and the impact of offshore wind farms on marine environments.Deltares Minimizing ecological challenges Environmental impact assessment,coastal management Arcadis Wind resource and site characterization Environmental impact assessments and site surveys for offshore wind projects 26 Bosch Rexrot

208、h Wind resource and site characterization Specialized offshore services,including surveying equipment and technology for precise geotechnical and geophysical data collection Lobster Robotics Wind resource and site characterization Develops robotic technology which can be used to perform environmenta

209、l characterization,habitat mapping and remote baseline surveys.Fugro Wind resource and site characterization Geotechnical site investigations SwitcH2 BV Integrating Offshore Energy Systems SwitcH2 designs floating production units for green hydrogen and green ammonia,harnessing wind,solar,and wave e

210、nergy.SolarDuck Integrating Offshore Energy Systems Utility scale offshore floating solar energy IQIP Industrialization of the supply chain Manufacturing and supply of hydraulic hammers Smulders Industrialization of the supply chain Manufacturing foundation,transition pieces and substations SIF Indu

211、strialization of the supply chain Monopile construction Cape Holland Venterra Industrialization of the supply chain Vibro-Lifting tools and jacket foundations iPS Powerful People LLC Industrialization of the supply chain Offshore staffing Holmatro Industrial Equipment Industrialization of the supply

212、 chain Hydraulic solutions to level wind turbine foundations(TP levelling)27 Whilst reasonable steps have been taken to ensure that the information contained within this publication is correct,the authors,the Carbon Trust,its agents,contractors and sub-contractors give no warranty and make no repres

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