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1、Lean and Green Research 2024SHAPING THE FUTURE OF SUSTAINABLE STEELLessons from Europes steel industryCONTENTSClick on the section you want to exploreLowering emissions in steel production 11 -Banking on emissions -Beyond the gate Verifying carbon-accounted steel 15 -Carbon accounting -Measuring env

2、ironmental impact -Digitalizing carbon-accounted steel Conclusion Acknowledgments Introduction Core findings About the research The rising global demand for low emission steel and credible carbon accounting -Commercial advantage -The State of Green Steel 3 4 5 6 8 19ACKNOWLEDGMENTSWe extend our than

3、ks to the following interviewees for sharing their time and insights with us:Hugo Campos Commercial Sustainability Manager at ArcelorMittal Nick Coleman Principal Sustainability Specialist at Tata Steel UK Oliver Grewatsch Head of Governance at ThyssenKrupp Materials Services Serge Timmermans Chief

4、Commercial Officer at MCB Group(ND)3DNV Shaping the Future of Sustainable SteelAs the shift towards a low-carbon future gains momentum,the need for accountability in emission reductions is growing.This accountability extends beyond company-level reporting to include precise,product-specific claims a

5、nd disclosures.As a result,the demand for low-carbon steel products is rising rapidly.Steel is a fundamental material in construction,manufacturing,and numerous other sectors,making it indispensable to modern society.However,its traditional production processes are highly energy-intensive and heavil

6、y dependent on coal and other fossil fuels,leading to substantial environmental impacts.To tackle these challenges,companies are measured on their ability to reduce emissions and account for these emission reductions,as well as being able to offer products to the market that have a lower environment

7、al and carbon footprint than the norm.The concepts of carbon accounted steel and a carbon intensity spectrum from near zero steel to various grades of low carbon steel has emerged,centred on innovative technologies and practices that aim to significantly reduce carbon emissions throughout the steel

8、production lifecycle.As global demand for low-carbon products continues to rise,this report brings together research and expert insights to support the steel industrys commitment to sustainability.In the following pages we delve into the technological advancements,market dynamics,and policy framewor

9、ks that are critical for achieving a sustainable and low-carbon steel industry.The report also examines the economic implications of shifting to green steel,including the potential for new market opportunities and the financial benefits of adopting more sustainable practices.Moreover,it discusses th

10、e importance of regulatory measures and supportive policies in facilitating this transition and highlights the key challenges faced by stakeholders across the steel value chain.A fundamental factor in enabling this systemic change is the role of trust.Establishing trust is crucial for ensuring that

11、claims regarding reduced carbon emissions in steel production are credible and verifiable.Through robust assurance mechanisms,stakeholders can substantiate these claims.By building trust in sustainable steel claims,we can create a virtuous cycle:as confidence in the sustainability of steel products

12、grows,it drives further investment in decarbonization efforts,accelerating the industrys transition towards a more sustainable future.INTRODUCTION 4DNV Shaping the Future of Sustainable SteelIn the face of climate change,there is mounting pressure on hard-to-abate sectors to take a leading role in d

13、ecarbonization and mitigation efforts.The steel industry,with its substantial carbon footprintresponsible for roughly 7%of global CO2 emissionsstands at the forefront of this challenge.Steel producers are under pressure from all angles to decarbonize their products.There is broad support for reducin

14、g the carbon footprint of steel,with pressure from regulators,customers,investors,and employees.Producing high-grade,low-emission steel requires an unprecedented technology transformation.Building the capacity to produce low-emissions steel will take billions of Euros in capital expenditure and many

15、 years of work.In the meantime,producers use carbon banking to fund more immediate process improvements.Drawing on precedents in the renewable energy sector,green steel products sold today command a premium,with the proceeds used to fund longer-term transformation.As scrutiny over green claims inten

16、sifies,independent verification will be essential to any carbon-accounted steel strategy to avoid greenwashing.A third party must assure any carbon reduction claim.Regulators will crack down on those with unverified claims,and buyers are increasingly sophisticated in how they evaluate the sustainabi

17、lity profile of steel products.Digitalization will be a catalyst to verify carbon-accounted steel.Carbon emissions data is still mostly handled in spreadsheets.Producers who can use and share this data digitally will be better equipped to reassure their buyers of the provenance of their steel.CORE F

18、INDINGSDNV Shaping the Future of Sustainable SteelABOUT THE RESEARCH1METALS AND MINING RESPONDENTS ARE BASED IN:METALS AND MINING RESPONDENTS HAVE AT LEAST$250 MILLION IN ANNUAL TURNOVER:METALS AND MINING RESPONDENTS WORK IN THE FOLLOWING FUNCTIONS:METALS AND MINING RESPONDENTS HAVE THE FOLLOWING JO

19、B TITLES:10%11%23%23%7%6%12%1%4%3%Supply Chain DirectorChief Procurement Officer/DirectorProcurement ManagerChief Operating OfficerHead of ESG/SustainabilitySenior Manager,Regulatory AffairsVP of SustainabilityDirector of Regulatory AffairsChief Sustainability OfficerVP of Regulatory Affairs32%Procu

20、rement6%Supply chain22%ESG/Sustainability29%Operations11%Regulatory/compliance250m-500m500m-1bn1bn-5bn5bn+7%42%18%33%33%Spain31%Nordics(SWE,NOR,FIN,DEN)12%Germany8%Italy7%France6%UK3%Benelux(BEL,NED,LUX)7DNV Shaping the Future of Sustainable SteelWe surveyed 525 business leaders and management perso

21、nnel in companies with more than$250 million in annual global turnover,and with a physical supply chain.Of the total respondents,19%were from the metals and mining sector.Respondents are either directly responsible or involved in decision making for their organizations supply chain,procurement,compl

22、iance,digital transformation,or sustainability.ABOUT THE RESEARCHTHE RISING GLOBAL DEMAND FOR LOW EMISSION STEEL AND CREDIBLE CARBON ACCOUNTING2Steel producers feel this pressure from multiple directions.In Europe,they are subject to the Emissions Trading Scheme(ETS),which caps total emissions from

23、carbon-intense sectors to an amount that decreases every year.Companies must pay for any emissions beyond this allowance,giving an economic incentive to decarbonize.In parallel,the UK introduced its own ETS in January 2021,after leaving the EU.The EUs ETS is also the basis of the Carbon Border Adjus

24、tment Mechanism(CBAM),which will impose a price on the emissions embedded in products imported to the bloc.CBAM will require steel importers to document and verify their emissions to access the European market.In addition,tightening regulation drives steel buyers to scrutinize the industrys emission

25、s.For example,the EUs proposed Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive(CSDDD)will require all companies above a certain size to make sure their business practices and those of their suppliers and other partners are consistent with the Paris Agreement,a pledge to limit global warming to 1.5C

26、 over pre-industrial levels.Steels carbon intensity means buyers such as manufacturers,the construction industry,and shipbuilders in the maritime sector will pay ever-closer attention to the life cycle impact of products.Carbon-accounted steel would be an obvious lever for reducing Scope 3 emissions

27、(those produced by suppliers or customers).This focus on embedded carbon will intensify as the use-phase emissions of steel-based products decline,explains Hugo Campos,Commercial Sustainability Manager at global steel producer ArcelorMittal:“As we move to electric vehicles,and energy-efficient build

28、ings and appliances,those use-phase emissions diminish.And then what are you left with?Its largely your upstream,Scope 3 emissions.”Global alarm over climate change has placed the steel industry under intense pressure to decarbonize.According to the International Energy Agency,the steel industry con

29、sumes 8%of the worlds energy supply and accounts for 7%of energy-related carbon emissions.1 FIGURE 1:METALS AND MINING COMPANIES SAY THEY ARE NOT READY TO FACE A WAVE OF REGULATION IN EUROPE.How would you rate your current level of maturity for the following regulations/standards?(%of metals and min

30、ing respondents who identify as either beyond compliant or leader or compliant)ISO 20400 guidelinesEU Green Claims DirectiveEuropean Green DealEnvironmental Product DeclarationProduct Environmental Footprint(PEF)Energy Efficiency DirectiveEcodesign for Sustainable Products RegulationCarbon Border Ad

31、justment Mechanism(CBAM)Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive(CSRD)Digital Product PassportCorporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive56%40%45%39%34%35%33%30%28%28%24%1 https:/www.iea.org/reports/iron-and-steel-technology-roadmap 9DNV Shaping the Future of Sustainable SteelIt is not just

32、 regulation that drives the decarbonization of steel.Both producers and their customers see commercial opportunities.“Our customers see that having green products helps them differentiate themselves and could give them access to a competitive advantage,”says Campos.Investors,too,drive both buyers an

33、d sellers to cut emissions from steel.“Our investors expect us to have CO2 targets,”says Campos.“And our customers too are obliged by investors to set science-based targets,which include Scope 3 emissions.”Employee pressure further drives the decarbonization of steel,says Nick Coleman,Principal Sust

34、ainability Specialist at Tata Steel UK,a division of the global producer.“People want to work for companies that are doing the right thing in terms of climate change,”he says.Despite this system-wide pressure for carbon reduction,the market for green steel a catch-all term that encompasses a range o

35、f products and practices is nascent.“Demand for green steel is limited,”explains Serge Timmermans,Chief Commercial Officer at European metals distributor MCB Group.“We have so far had three or four projects where we have delivered green steel specifically for customers.”Supply is also constrained,he

36、 adds.“Even as a distributor,its not easy for us to get the green steel we want.There is not enough capacity at the moment.”But due to mounting regulatory and investor pressure,and growing demand from customers,the direction of travel is clear.MCB is actively building its expertise and relationships

37、 with green steel producers,so it is well-placed for the future.“Because the supply of green steel is limited,if you are not in front with the suppliers,you will not get the material,”explains Timmermans.“We want to have a relationship and sell the material although demand is still limited,so we eme

38、rge as a preferred customer of these European suppliers.”Steel producer Thyssenkrupp has seen an increase in queries for low carbon and sustainable steel,according to Oliver Grewatsch,Head of Governance at Thyssenkrupp Materials Services.The firm has set up various initiatives to help customers mana

39、ge their carbon footprint,including a Carbon Credit desk to help customers offset their footprints and,“emissions calculators which provide transparent insight into the total emissions associated with a product,revealing potential savings”,he says.COMMERCIAL ADVANTAGETHE STATE OF GREEN STEELOur inve

40、stors expect us to have CO2 targets.And our customers too are obliged by investors to set science-based targets,which include Scope 3 emissions.Hugo Campos Commercial Sustainability Manager at ArcelorMittal 10DNV Shaping the Future of Sustainable SteelLOWERING EMISSIONS IN STEEL PRODUCTION3Today,ste

41、el is produced in one of two ways.High-grade steel is typically produced in a blast furnace.“Modern furnaces are very efficient and represent a highly optimized industrial process,”says Campos.Unfortunately,it also involves burning solid fuel,usually coal.The second process uses an electric-arc furn

42、ace(EAF),which can be powered by renewable energy.EAFs are typically used to create new products from scrap metal,however,global steel production cannot satisfy the demand for steel with scrap supply alone.Producing low-emission,high-grade steel requires a hybrid of these two approaches,by replacing

43、 solid fuel with hydrogen.The technology has been proven but putting it into production requires unprecedented investment by the industry over many years.“Hydrogen-based steel production is highly capital intensive,”explains Campos.“Its viability is contingent on a multitude of factors,most notably

44、a supportive policy environment and access to significant volumes of clean electricity.”And it is not just the steel producers that need to invest.This transformation requires a substantial increase in the supply of hydrogen and renewable energy,calling for government support and coordination.DNV Sh

45、aping the Future of Sustainable SteelThere is a cost to decarbonizing our operations and processes,and that is something that we wish to pass on through Tata Steels green steel product Carbon Lite.Steel producers are already investing in the processes needed to produce low-emission steel,but it will

46、 be many years before significant capacity is attained.In the meantime,the industry pursues alternative approaches to decarbonizing production.This reflects a reality of climate change.“In terms of preventing global warming,a tonne of CO2 saved today is far more valuable than a tonne of CO2 saved in

47、 ten years,”explains Campos.“The industry should not be sitting on our hands and waiting for something to happen.”Tapping into todays demand for lower-emission products can help pay for the production capacity of tomorrow.Many steel producers are investing in reducing the emissions for their current

48、 processes and,crucially,associating those reductions with green steel product ranges.This approach,pioneered by ArcelorMittal with the support of DNV,is the basis for all green steel products on the market today.“The analogy we use is with the renewable energy market,”explains Campos.“If you buy re

49、newable energy,you are not getting green electrons from the plug.”Instead,under Europes Guarantee of Origin scheme,the customers funds are directed to a renewable energy producer,providing an incentive for building renewable capacity.As with renewable energy,carbon-accounted steel commands a premium

50、.“There is a cost to decarbonizing our operations and processes,”explains Coleman.“And that is something that we wish to pass on through Tata Steels green steel product Carbon Lite.”Producers use the proceeds of this premium to fund emissions reductions in their processes.Tata Steel,for example,has

51、built a new power plant at its Port Talbot facility in Wales,which has“massively improved”energy efficiency,Coleman explains.At ArcelorMittal,innovations include replacing coal in blast furnaces with biomass and converting emissions into bioethanol.The CO2 reductions from these improvements are then

52、 allocated to green steel products using carbon banking,also known as mass balancing.Reductions are accumulated into an account,then allocated to individual products using a verifiable and auditable process.Producers are not the only ones creating carbon banks.MCB,the distributor,is also considering

53、 one so that it can serve demand for green steel when supply is constrained.BANKING ON EMISSIONS Nick Coleman Principal Sustainability Specialist at Tata Steel UK 13DNV Shaping the Future of Sustainable SteelA third way to make steel greener is to consider how it is used and,hopefully,reused.Tata St

54、eel works with customers to develop new types of steel that help them reduce the emissions from their products use phase.For example,working with carmakers to develop steel that makes electric motors more energy efficient.Circularity is also a means of reducing emissions by moving up the waste hiera

55、rchy,optimizing recycling,and taking full advantage of the durability and reusability of steel.Tata Steels construction division works on modular products for buildings to be built more efficiently,then dismantled and their parts reused at their end of life.MCB,meanwhile,is upgrading its logistics s

56、o that it can pick up the scrap material its customers do not use and return it to producers,who smelt scrap material into new products.“On average,customers use 70%of the material we ship and 30%is scrap,”explains Timmermans.“Meanwhile,manufacturers are desperately looking for scrap material.So,we

57、are looking into our whole supply chain to find ways to do this.”BEYOND THE GATEOn average,customers use 70%of the material we ship and 30%is scrap.Meanwhile,manufacturers are desperately looking for scrap material.So,we are looking into our whole supply chain to find ways to do this.Serge Timmerman

58、s Chief Commercial Officer at MCB Group 14DNV Shaping the Future of Sustainable SteelVERIFYING CARBON-ACCOUNTED STEEL4The EUs proposed Green Claims Directive requires companies to substantiate any claims that their products are sustainable.It mirrors a pioneering French law requiring any company cla

59、im about carbon emissions to give concrete evidence.The pressure on steel producers to verify their green claims will be compounded as customers make their own claims,based on the sustainability attributes of the steel they use.Any business hoping to tap into the demand for carbon-accounted steel,th

60、erefore,must be able to verify what it says about carbon emissions.“We really want to avoid greenwashing,”says MCBs Timmermans.“Wed rather be transparent,and the customers can then decide what they want to do.”Thyssenkrupp carefully collects sustainability information from its suppliers to give accu

61、rate measures for Product Carbon Footprint(PCF).“The overview lists climate-friendly products and measures of our suppliers,so we can see immediately what the respective supplier can offer in sustainability,”says Grewatsch.“On this basis,we can advise our customers so that,for example,products from

62、other manufacturing processes with lower CO2 values can be used in the future.In this way we make an important contribution to the climate neutrality of our customers products,”he says.Reputationally,it is far worse for a company to make a bogus sustainability claim than no claims at all,adds Tim Ba

63、nkroff,Senior Sustainability Consultant at DNV.“Claims of products with reduced emissions intensity must be backed by scientific methods and effective governance,”he says.“Sustainability claims are highly scrutinized,and theres nowhere to hide in this increasingly competitive and regulated business

64、landscape.”Even as regulators encourage businesses to improve their environmental sustainability,they are cracking down on greenwashing.Despite its precedent in the renewable energy market,the use of carbon banking to allocate reductions to carbon-accounted steel products is often misunderstood.It i

65、s therefore especially important to ensure that the practice is independently verified.“Customers want to see third-party oversight of that process,to make sure that any systems we may have in place are being used in a consistent manner and that where we do have savings,they are not being oversold,”

66、explains Tata Steel UKs Nick Coleman.In particular,customers buying carbon-accounted steel want reassurance that their premium is funding carbon reductions beyond business-as-usual improvements that would have happened anyway.DNV helps green steel producers offer this reassurance by auditing the app

67、lication of their carbon accounting methodology.CARBON ACCOUNTING“Customers want to see third-party oversight of that process,to make sure that any systems we may have in place are being used in a consistent manner and that where we do have savings,they are not being oversold.”Nick Coleman Principal

68、 Sustainability Specialist at Tata Steel UKDNV Shaping the Future of Sustainable SteelMeanwhile,steel buyers demand more information about the environmental impact of the products they buy,from materials extraction,through manufacture and use to reuse or disposal.This information comes from using a

69、life cycle assessment(LCA)methodology and is recorded in documentation such as product carbon or environmental footprints(PCF/PEFs)and environmental product declarations(EPDs).“Life cycle assessment is an important tool that many organizations consider to be a fundamental way to understand product i

70、mpacts,”explains Bankroff.“Without an LCA,you simply do not understand the whole picture.”Buyers used to be content with industry averages for the carbon performance of steel.Now,though,they demand primary data from their suppliers,so they know exactly what is included in their Scope 3 emissions.Thi

71、s is good news for producers investing in decarbonization,says Campos.“We want carbon reductions to be recognized in the data our customers use,”he explains.But it is not easy,he adds.“LCA is such a skill.There arent that many people in the world who are qualified to do it.”As buyers demand more inf

72、ormation about the life cycle emissions of its products,Campos explains,ArcelorMittal trains its customer-facing engineers to be able to talk them through their LCAs.MEASURING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTFIGURE 2:LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT IS OF PARTICULAR CONCERN TO THOSE WORKING IN THIS SECTOR.What are the big

73、gest barriers to implementing supply chain sustainability?(%of metals and mining respondents)Lack of understanding of life cycle assessmentSoaring costsInadequate digital recordsInability to adapt existing tools to new challengesScaled-back budgetsLack of understanding of incoming regulationRegulati

74、on has become a lesser concernLack of urgencyOutsourcing to countries that are more difficult to monitor adequatelyLack of understanding of European Green DealSiloed procurement21%14%11%7%4%8%4%8%7%9%7%Life cycle assessment is an important tool that many organizations consider to be a fundamental wa

75、y to understand product impacts.Without an LCA,you simply do not understand the whole picture.Tim Bankroff Senior Sustainability Consultant at DNV 17DNV Shaping the Future of Sustainable SteelAmid this growing sophistication of buyers,independently verifying LCAs and other environmental performance

76、data is essential.So too is digitalization.“The more mature a steel producers digital transformation is,the better able they are to share their progress with their customers,”explains Bankroff.Coleman at Tata Steel sees digitalization as a key component of its assurance process.The company has built

77、 MoniCA,an energy and emissions data collection initiative that spans its entire production capacity.“Assurance is about having access to data for our operations and plants,”he explains.“MoniCA provides a means of CO2 emissions reporting for all energy and carbon-containing flows,”he explains.Not ev

78、ery producer is as advanced.“We are still exploring the opportunities that digitalization can bring for CO2 accounting,”explains Campos.“This is an emerging area and one that could potentially bring significant benefits.“Industry initiatives such as the World Business Council for Sustainable Develop

79、ments Partnership for Carbon Transparency2 hope to address this deficiency.Producers hoping to tap into the green steel opportunity would do well to get their data into shape.DIGITALIZING CARBON-ACCOUNTED STEELFIGURE 3:METALS AND MINING COMPANIES SEE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AS THEIR TOP SUPPLY CHAIN

80、PRIORITY BOTH TODAY AND IN THE NEAR FUTURE.(%of respondents)Highest priorities nowHighest priorities in 18 monthsDigital transformationCost efficiencySustainabilityRegulatory complianceResilience24%22%21%17%16%26%16%22%19%17%2https:/www.wbcsd.org/Programs/Climate-and-Energy/Climate/SOS-1.5/News/PACT

81、-updated-tech-specifications-emissions-data 18DNV Shaping the Future of Sustainable SteelThe shift towards greener steel is not only a critical response to increasing environmental sustainability demands but also presents a unique opportunity for the steel industry to drive innovation and lead the g

82、lobal fight against climate change.As explored in this report,decarbonizing steel production requires a comprehensive strategy,including the adoption of cutting-edge technologies,forming strategic alliances,and implementing rigorous verification methods to maintain transparency and trust.Building tr

83、ust is essential to this transition.By establishing strong assurance processes to validate claims of reduced carbon emissions,the steel industry can foster confidence in a new category of carbon-accounted steel.This not only meets the rising demand for sustainable products but also encourages a posi

84、tive cycle of investment,as greater trust in green steel attracts more capital and accelerates efforts to reduce emissions across the sector.Economic,regulatory,and social pressures to lower carbon emissions are transforming market conditions,prompting steel producers to explore and invest in innova

85、tive production techniques.Despite challenges such as high costs,supply limitations,and the readiness of new technologies,the rewards of embracing green steel initiatives early are clear.Companies that overcome these obstacles and successfully bring certified green steel products to market will not

86、only secure a competitive edge but also play a key role in advancing global carbon reduction targets.The path forward requires continued collaboration among industry players,government bodies and other stakeholders.This collaboration should focus on crafting supportive policies,sharing successful st

87、rategies,and investing in sustainable technological advancements.By prioritizing these collective actions,along with a commitment to transparency and credible assurance,the steel industry can significantly contribute to a low-carbon future,ensuring that a material central to modern infrastructure su

88、pports the development of a more sustainable and resilient world for future generations.The market for carbon-accounted steel is nascent but becoming crowded and competitive.Producers are lining up to commercialize carbon reductions so they can finance the gargantuan technology transformation that l

89、ies ahead.19CONCLUSION5ABOUT DNVDNV is an independent assurance and risk management provider,operating in more than 100 countries,with the purpose of safeguarding life,property,and the environment.As a trusted voice for many of the worlds most successful organizations,we help seize opportunities and

90、 tackle the risks arising from global transformations.We use our broad experience and deep expertise to advance safety and sustainable performance,set industry standards,and inspire and invent solutions.Headquarters:DNV,Hvik,Norway For 160 years,we have safeguarded life,property,and the environment.Learn how