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1、Resurgent in a world at risk2024 Global Cities ReportPhoto by Amaya de la Hoz Kearney,MadridPhoto by Angel Gomez Herreros Kearney,MadridExecutive summary 1Introduction 42024 Global Cities Index 6Global Cities Index rankings 7Global Cities Index individual metric leaders 122024 Global Cities Outlook

2、13Global Cities Outlook rankings 14A look ahead:regenerative cities 18What cities are doing to be regenerative 21Looking ahead 22Conclusion 23Both the GCI and the GCO this year reflect,in varying ways,cities responses to continued or even intensified geopolitical and economic instability.These leadi

3、ng metros are proving themselves to be increasingly adaptive,thanks partly to their strengths in digital infrastructure and their ability to attract international talentin fact,we deemed both of these factors sufficiently important to add new criteria to the GCI that reflect their growing weight.As

4、shifts in the global geopolitical and macroeconomic landscape bring the decline of globalization by traditional measures,the performance of global cities signals the emergence of the next wave of global connectivity and exchange.The world faces a moment of myriad risksof expanding conflict,social up

5、heaval,economic turmoil,and environmental catastrophe.Yet in the midst of these challenges,and in some cases because of them,global cities are resurgent as global as ever,in ways both old and new.Kearneys annual Global Cities Report seeks to measure and analyze the connectivity and global character

6、of the worlds most internationally connective and influential metropolitan areas.We do this through two measures:the Global Cities Index(GCI)is an assessment of the current state of global connectivity for the 156 cities included in this years Report,and the Global Cities Outlook(GCO)is a future-sta

7、te assessment that measures how successfully these same cities are preparing for their future status as global hubs.Executive summaryThe world faces a moment of myriad risks.Yet in the midst of these challenges,and in some cases because of them,global cities are resurgent.1Resurgent in a world at ri

8、sk:2024 Global Cities ReportTurning to the rankings,the top four cities in the GCI retained their leading spots from last year;if anything,the new criteria on digital infrastructure only strengthened their positions.A bit further down on the list,Singapore displaced Beijing as the fifth-ranked city,

9、while Shanghai broke into the top 10 for the first time.The top 10 cities in this years Global Cities Index are listed in figure 1.Source:Kearney 2024 Global Cities ReportFigure 1Top 10 cities in the 2024 Global Cities IndexCity2024 rank2023 rank 20232024New YorkLondonParisTokyoSingaporeBeijingLos A

10、ngelesShanghaiHong KongChicago1234567891012347581310110000+21+1+5+1+1Leading metros are proving themselves to be increasingly adaptive,thanks partly to their strengths in digital infrastructure and their ability to attract international talent.2Resurgent in a world at risk:2024 Global Cities ReportM

11、any of the worlds most prominent global cities not only suffer many of the gravest threats from climate change,but they also have a responsibilityand an opportunityto lead the way in seeking solutions.This requires a method that avoids treating discrete ecological challenges in isolation,instead add

12、ressing them through regenerative practices,which call for new approaches to policymaking,collaboration,and public engagement.The more future-oriented Global Cities Outlook showed greater turbulence in its top ranks,as is typical.While San Francisco retained the top position,we see significant impro

13、vements from other leading cities,such as Munich and Seoul.Here are the top 10 in our Global Cities Outlook (see figure 2).This years Global Cities Report includes a section highlighting what we call regenerative cities.Its inclusion reflects the fact that cities face more than just geopolitical or

14、economic challenges.They also encounter an intensifying array of environmental and societal challenges,made more acute by the accelerating effects of climate change.Source:Kearney 2024 Global Cities ReportFigure 2Top 10 cities in the 2024 Global Cities OutlookCity2024 rank2023 rank 20232024San Franc

15、iscoMunichCopenhagenLuxembourgSeoulStockholmParisDublinHelsinkiDsseldorf123456789101924148567250+710+9+2222+153Resurgent in a world at risk:2024 Global Cities ReportWhile inflation has mostly plateaued in developed economies,the macroeconomic environment remains uneasy,with stock market volatility a

16、round the globe and poor citizen sentiment about the economy in many countries.At the same time,2024 has been a year of political uncertainty,with 64 countries around the worldcomprising about 49 percent of the worlds populationholding national elections this year.A surprise win for the left in Fran

17、ce,state-level wins for the extreme right in Germany,a student-led revolution in Bangladesh,and the most unpredictable US presidential race in a generation have all been sources of uncertainty in assessing the future course of major nations across much of the world.Notwithstanding these trends towar

18、d deglobalization and a fraught economic and political environment,our research this year demonstrates that cities are as globally connected as everand,indeed,becoming even more so.Rather than receding from global connectivity and engagement,global cities are resurgent.In our 2023 Global Cities Repo

19、rt,we posited a shift toward a more globally distributed geography of opportunity,with global cities leading the way as hubs of international exchange even in the midst of shifting global winds.Now,as that redistribution continues apace,this moment of intense and widescale change is generating formi

20、dable challenges for policymakers.Over the past year,countries around the world have had to contend with geopolitical instability,economic fluctuation,and social and political change.The result has been,in many respects,a further breakdown of the model of globalization championed over the past three

21、 decades.Yet,both because and in spite of this,a new form of globalization may be emergingmore diversified,more digital,and more uncertain in the near term.Conflicts in Eastern Europe,the Middle East,and North Africa threaten wider regional instability,while tension in the Indo-Pacific remains high.

22、These situations,as well as extreme weather events related to the accelerating effects of climate change,have had deeply disruptive impacts on supply chains.Important shipping lanes around the world have been blocked or disrupted,compelling nations to adapt their supply chains and trade arrangements

23、 in accordance with these vulnerabilitiesand with strategic shifts in their geopolitical relationships.IntroductionPhoto by Kearney Alum4Resurgent in a world at risk:the 2024 Global Cities ReportOur Global Cities Index(GCI),which measures the extent to which these 156 metropolitan areas can attract,

24、retain,and generate global flows of capital,people,and ideas,shows these cities improving across all dimensions,and demonstrating an impressive resilience to external shocks.Global cities are proving themselves to be increasingly adaptive,thanks partly to existing and expanding strengths in digital

25、infrastructure.This year,our Index has been updated to account for the continually increasing importance of the digital economy,as trade in digital services continues to outpace that of goods.This update has included the addition of two new assessment criteria:Internet speed and data center presence

26、(see sidebar:GCI metrics update).These additions helped digitally connected cities such as Shanghai,Singapore,Chicago,Dallas,and Frankfurt rise through the ranks.Yet even the most powerful and globalized cities still find themselves very much at the mercy of national policies that are significantly

27、less conducive to the free exchange of people,goods,and capital.The global talent pool,in particular,continues to be distributed across newer rising hubs in the face of migration tensions in the West,as well as economic and climate challenges in some traditionally leading cities.To ensure considerat

28、ion of these human mobility constraints,we have also added a metric called ease of entry under the human capital dimension of this years GCI,gauging how well a city can attract and retain talent.While several of the more geopolitically and geoeconomically balanced and open cities that performed well

29、 in last years GCIincluding Dubai,Abu Dhabi,and Singapore,among othersbenefited from this addition,many of the highest scorers in this metric were Western European cities.The second section of our annual Global Cities Reportthe Global Cities Outlook(GCO)also tells a story of globalization under stra

30、in,with cross-border investment lagging amid new trade and business regulations.Nonetheless,our research does show that new hubs are once again taking advantage of capital markets quest for new destinations.While foreign direct investment(FDI)to and from major economic powers has taken a hit this ye

31、ar,we see its growth instead in emerging economies in Latin America,the Middle Eastern Gulf nations,and Southeast Asia.While the geoeconomic fragmentation that we observe does strain multilateral collaboration,cities are at the forefront in pooling insights and resources to address growing challenge

32、s such as environmental protection and sustainability.Looking ahead to the longer term,we will address the future of global cities with respect to climate change in the final section of this report.GCI metrics update Ease of entry(new).This metric contributes to the measurement of a citys ability to

33、 attract and retain top talent(human capital)by ranking the ease of foreign citizens access to a given city.Internet speed(new).This metric has been added to serve as an updated replacement for the TV news metric under the category of information exchange,in light of the general shift toward Interne

34、t-based information sources.Data centers(new).This metric was added to the information exchange dimension to measure a citys digital infrastructure capabilities.As worldwide economic competition takes shape around crucial technologies such as artificial intelligence(AI)and cloud computing,and as cou

35、ntries seek to rearrange and localize their supply chains,the capability to hold,process,and transfer large volumes of data becomes increasingly vital.Accessibility to TV news(removed).As mentioned above,this metric has been removed from the information exchange dimension,given the rise of subscript

36、ion streaming services in the place of cable TV,the increased use of social media and messaging apps to receive news,and the general decline in the usage of cable TV.5Resurgent in a world at risk:2024 Global Cities ReportDespite continuing geoeconomic tensions,cities this year remain resilient.Not o

37、nly have many been able to partially offset declines in the exchange of capital and goods through the exchange of information and ideas,but some cities have also taken advantage of economic fragmentation to elevate their standing.This years GCI results show average scores increasing across each of t

38、he five dimensions and rising across the majority of the more specific indicators.For some cities,this is due to a stronger macroeconomic outlook,while for others it is a matter of adaptiveness to shifting circumstances.Kearneys annual Global Cities Report seeks to measure and analyze fundamental tr

39、aits of global cities,which we define as those that are uniquely international in their connectivity and their character.These metropolitan areas serve as centers of social,political,and economic vibrancy and reflections of the ever-changing dynamics of the global environment.A city is global,in thi

40、s sense,in terms of the resources and opportunities it offers for its citizens,and also in terms of its ability to serve as a connective link in global flows of commerce,people,and ideas.The first component of the Global Cities Report is the Global Cities Index(GCI),an assessment of the current stat

41、e of global connectivity for the 156 cities included in this years Report.The GCI measures that connectivity across five dimensions:business activity,human capital,information exchange,cultural experience,and political engagement.Within these five dimensions,the GCI considers 31 indicators that meas

42、ure more specific factors,such as a citys market dynamics,education levels,information access,culture and entertainment options,and the presence of international civic organizations.2024 Global Cities IndexThis years GCI results show average scores increasing across each of the five dimensions and r

43、ising across the majority of the more specific indicators.6Resurgent in a world at risk:2024 Global Cities ReportParis kept its global third-place ranking,with a sharp score increase in business activity driven by rank increases in all metrics with the exception of unicorn companies.Paris saw partic

44、ularly impressive performance in capital markets,top global services firms,and a whopping 28 percent increase in air freight volume.Some of this growthparticularly with regard to air freightmay be attributable to the citys role as host of the 2024 Summer Olympics and is therefore not likely to be re

45、peatable at the same scale.In human capital,Paris retained its global top rank with a strong increase in tertiary degree holders,and a fifth-place ranking in the new ease of entry metric.Tokyo retained its spot in fourth place for the 10th consecutive year,with gains in business activity driven by a

46、 stronger performance in conferences and unicorn companies.While the capital markets score remained weaker for Tokyo,its stronger performance in unicorn companies is indicative of its populations education levels and innovative capabilities.Tokyo also saw a boost to its human capital score,with a ne

47、ar perfect score of 9.56 in ease of entry.Singapore has entered the top five for the first time this year,having jumped from seventh place in 2023.Its rise in the rankings is driven by major boosts in business activity,human capital,and information exchange.Singapores business activity score was dri

48、ven up by a surge in conferences,as well as the valuation of five new unicorn firms.A 9.6 percent increase in tertiary degree holders over the past year drove Singapores success in the human capital dimension,as well as a near perfect score in ease of entry.Singapores digital infrastructure played t

49、o its favor,as it moved from seventh to third place in information exchange,abetted by strengths in the two new metrics.Also of note in this years GCI,Shanghai was able to enter the top 10 for the first time,landing in eighth place largely thanks to the inclusion of the new information exchange metr

50、ics.The Chinese tech center ranked second globally for Internet speed,and eighth globally for data center presence,demonstrating its ability to support a wide range of tech enterprises(see figure 3 on page 8).Global Cities Index rankingsWhile the overall GCI rankings for this year featured quite a s

51、hakeup due to the added focus on cities digital capabilities,the top four cities retained their leading spots,reinforced by existing strengths in the data centers and Internet speed metrics.In the fifth-place ranking,Singapore was able to displace Beijing,thanks to score increases in nearly all dime

52、nsions and strong performance in the new metrics.New York retained the top spot in the GCI for the eighth year in a row,holding on to its global first place in business activity,and posting second-place rankings across key metrics of top global services firms and unicorn companies(privately held sta

53、rt-ups with valuation of at least$1 billion).The Big Apple also retained its first-place rank and increased its overall score in the human capital dimension.New York performed strongly in the two metrics added to the information exchange dimension,ranking 15th in data centers and second in Internet

54、speed.London also retained its ranking,yet suffered a small score decrease in business activity as well as a decrease in human capital score,driven by barriers to entry into the United Kingdom.Nonetheless,London showed evidence of a stronger macroeconomic environment in spite of political instabilit

55、y and an uncertain interest rate environment,ranking seventh in business activity,and jumping from 11th to eighth place in capital markets within the dimension.While London retained its fourth-place rank in the information exchange dimension,its overall score suffered due to poor Internet speed,wher

56、e it ranked 97th globally.7Resurgent in a world at risk:2024 Global Cities ReportSource:Kearney 2024 Global Cities ReportFigure 3Top 30 cities in the Global Cities IndexCity2024 rank2023 rank2022 rank2021 rank2020 rank2019 rank 20232024New YorkLondonParisTokyoSingaporeBeijingLos AngelesShanghaiHong

57、KongChicagoSeoulTorontoMadridSan FranciscoWashington,D.C.BrusselsMelbourneSydneyIstanbulBerlinAmsterdamBarcelonaBostonDubaiMiamiMoscowViennaMilanBuenos AiresMontreal123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930123475813101114151217196918251620242623302129352233123495616107131819151211817281423

58、2620223221304625291234965107817201911141612152713222821233318254432291234957126817191613101418113415232621273020224825291234697195813171522101216112614202321273118254124290000+21+1+5+1+1+3+31+3+41080+641+2+31+55+2+77+38Resurgent in a world at risk:2024 Global Cities ReportAcross cities and across me

59、trics,the story of this years global cities is one of adaptability.Worldwide,these metros have proved their ability to be responsive and resilient in a setting of deglobalization and strained political and economic relations.They have achieved this by finding alternative trade mechanisms,tapping int

60、o an ever-expanding digital economy,and by astutely benefiting from shifting geopolitical relations to capture new flows of business and capital.One example of this adaptiveness is the adjustment that cities have made in response to disruptions of major shipping routes.Security risks to the shipping

61、 industry have constituted a major source of tension this year in the global economy,burdening supply chains with lengthened timelines and significantly driving up freight costs.For global cities,a high proportion of which are located on seacoasts or major waterways,this has represented a potential

62、threat.While seaborne trade grew by 9 percent between 2022 and 2023,it increased by only 4 percent between 2023 and 2024,as measured by the sea freight metric within the business activity dimension.It is notable,however,that even some of the worlds most trade-reliant cities found ways to prevent suc

63、h disruptions from putting a damper on their economic performance.Among the top risers in rank for the business activity dimension,we see increases in the air freight metric strongly correlated to overall rank in increases for cities that are especially exposed to the risks from shipping disruptions

64、 in the Red Sea.This is true for Kuala Lumpur,which rose 21 rungs in business activity;Dammam,which went up by 19;Accra,up 15 spots;and Rome and Dalian,each up by 12.This is indicative of these cities ability to mitigate risks,and to retain their commercial vitality despite emergent challenges.Anoth

65、er sign of global cities adaptive behavior is their response to Western immigration policies and the resulting outflux of top talent from traditional economic hubs.The United States and the United Kingdom,in particular,have suffered major losses of foreign talent due to the stringency of their visa

66、procedures,and this creates the opportunity for other nations to take advantage.Photo by Ayush Sharma Kearney,Gurugram9Resurgent in a world at risk:2024 Global Cities ReportThis reality is captured by the addition of the ease of entry metric into the human capital dimension of this years GCI.While W

67、estern European cities are ranked highly for human mobility,due to the ease of mobility within the Schengen Area,cities in the United States and United Kingdom are not.The top cities for ease of entry also included those located in nations that have adopted open immigration policies for the specific

68、 purpose of attracting talent,including Abu Dhabi and Dubai(tied for first in ease of entry),Luxembourg,and Singapore.Most notably,the majority of the ease of entry leaders saw rank increases in population with tertiary degrees,another metric within the human capital dimension.Just to cite two of se

69、veral examples,Abu Dhabi jumped 19 places in population with tertiary degrees and Amsterdam rose by 23 notches.While the relationship between these two metrics is not fully causal,the close correlation between them does speak to the fact that open immigration policies can assist cities in attracting

70、 talented and educated foreign labor.This years GCI results also brought the rising importance of trade in services more fully into the spotlight.As countries find themselves caught in trade tensions among major economiesand seek to localize their supply chains in responsefinancial,legal,accounting,

71、consulting,and digital services firms emerge as sources of economic resilience.Data from the OECD shows that the share of GDP contributed by services nearly doubled from 1990 to 2022,growing from an average of 7.6 percent of GDP to 13.4 percent.This is reflected in the fact that the GCIs top global

72、services firms metric has become the primary driver of success in the business activity dimension.Of the 69 cities that rose in rank in the business activity dimension this year,47 of them saw their greatest score increase in the top global services firms category.Leading examples of this include Da

73、mmamwhich ascended by 19 spots within business activity,with services as the main driveras well as Bangkok(up by 17 spots),Accra(up by 15),Almaty(up by 13),Rome(up by 12),and Yokohama and So Paolo(up by 11 each).Services contribution to GDP is especially important for emerging economic hubssuch as t

74、hose in the Gulf Cooperation Council(GCC),where countries are driving forward on ambitious economic diversification plans.Riyadh saw a major increase in its score for top global services firms within the business activity dimension of the GCI,driving a five-spot increase in the business activity dim

75、ension.Likewise,Dammams score for services rose an astonishing 71 percent,with five new top services firms establishing themselves in a traditional oil capital,driving its 19-rank increase in the business activity dimension.Emerging hubs of Jakarta,Kuala Lumpur,Istanbul,and Cairo have also seen an i

76、ncreased presence of services firms in this years GCI,and corresponding increases in the business activity dimension.10Resurgent in a world at risk:2024 Global Cities ReportLeadership in digital capabilities in general also clearly represents a source of adaptability and advantage for global cities.

77、As companies compete to develop advanced computing technologies and implement generative AI technologies,the ability of global cities to support these activities is closely related to their data processing capacity,and to their ability to facilitate the exchange of data through high Internet speeds.

78、It is little surprise,therefore,that the top cities in the GCI have not seen much of a shift as a result of the addition of metrics meant to gauge digital capabilitiesthese leading metros already had highly advanced digital infrastructures.More broadly,these new digital metrics tended to primarily f

79、avor cities in Europe,North America,and China.Of the top 10 cities for data centers,allapart from Singapore and Shanghaiwere in Western Europe or the United States.Half of the top 10 were American cities.For Internet speed,once again half of the top 10 entrants were American,with the remainder of th

80、e list rounded out by Abu Dhabi,Shanghai,Singapore,Beijing,and Bangkok.Photo by Tereza Karpalova Kearney,Prague11Resurgent in a world at risk:the 2024 Global Cities ReportGlobal Cities Index individual metric leaders No single cityor even the five top global cities combinedhas anything like a monopo

81、ly on metropolitan excellence.Indeed,we calculated that it would require the combined attributes of 19 cities to compose the“perfect city,”one in which all of the GCIs measured attributes are addressed at the highest level.Of the 31 different criteria nested within the main GCI dimensions,four of th

82、e indicators have new metric leaders for this year,while the three new metrics have new leaders themselves(see figure 4).These seven categories with new leaders are as follows:ICCA conferences:Paris,taking the top spot from Vienna this year International student population:London,taking the top spot

83、 from Melbourne International schools:Hong Kong,taking the top spot from Melbourne Broadband subscribers:Tie between Zurich and Geneva,taking the top spot from Paris Ease of entry(new metric):Tie between Dubai and Abu Dhabi Internet speed(new metric):Abu Dhabi Data center presence(new metric):New Yo

84、rk*indicates new leaders in 2024Source:Kearney 2024 Global Cities ReportFigure 4Leading cities across Global Cities Index metrics in 2024Global City Index leaders by dimensionsBusiness activityNew York Fortune 500 Beijing Top global services firms London Capital markets New York Air freight Hong Kon

85、g Sea freight Shanghai ICCA conferencesParis*Unicorn companies San FranciscoHuman capitalNew York Foreign-born population New York Top universitiesBoston Population with tertiary degree Tokyo International student populationLondon*Number of international schoolsHong Kong*Medical universities London

86、Ease of entryDubai,Abu Dhabi*Information exchangeNew York*News agency bureausNew York Broadband subscribersZurich*Freedom of expressionOslo Online presenceSingapore Internet speedAbu Dhabi*Data center presenceNew York*Cultural experienceLondon MuseumsMoscow Visual and performing artsNew York Sportin

87、g eventsLondon International travelersLondon Culinary oferingsTokyo Sister citiesSaint PetersburgPolitical engagementWashington,D.C.*Embassies and consulatesBrussels Think tanksWashington,D.C.International organizationsGeneva Political conferencesBrussels Local institutions with global reachParisGlo

88、bal Cities Index leaders by metric12Resurgent in a world at risk:2024 Global Cities ReportWhile the GCI is a snapshot of current conditions,the Global Cities Outlook(GCO)is a more predictive assessment of the same 156 cities,evaluating the extent to which these global cities are creating conditions

89、for their future status as global hubs.The GCO measures city performance across four dimensions:personal well-being,economics,innovation,and governance.Within these four dimensions,the GCO considers 13 indicators to evaluate each citys potential for long-term success,such as healthcare,socioeconomic

90、 equality,entrepreneurship,infrastructure development,and investment.The pressures upon cities that will affect their future operating environments are many,as reflected in the findings of our GCO.First,we see the importance of local governancereflected in city livability and safetybecoming increasi

91、ngly important in shaping metropolitan outcomes.While the GCO results generally reflect strong local governancethese are,after all,the most consistently successful and desirable cities on Earthwe also see that geoeconomic fragmentation can often lead to political polarization,a fracturing of consens

92、us,and a weakening of national institutions.All of this has at least two potential results:first,an estrangement between the interests of metropolitan areas and those of the nations or subnational units(such as states,provinces,or districts)in which those metros are situated;and second,an overall de

93、crease in the quality of governance when measured at a national level.The geoeconomic pressures that continue to strain cities abilities to benefit from international flows are also very much reflected in weaker FDI and trade figures for this year.These trends are likely to continue for the foreseea

94、ble future and will place greater importance on each citys ability to innovate and drive business organically,without needing to rely so much on foreign investment and trade.Several of the most successful cities have been able to adapt through increases in private investmentas we will see is especia

95、lly true for the US and the Middle Eastern Gulf states.2024 Global Cities Outlook13Resurgent in a world at risk:2024 Global Cities ReportGlobal Cities Outlook rankingsUnlike the Global Cities Index,which has seen remarkable consistency in its top five cities for several years now,the more future-ori

96、ented Global Cities Outlook has undergone greater flux at all levels.While San Francisco retained the number-one spot,we see significant improvements from other leading cities,such as Munich and Seoul.Below is a summary of the top five cities in the GCO this year.San Francisco retained its position

97、in the top spot,with continued dominance in innovation,as well as improvement in personal well-being(driven by a better healthcare outlook for its residents)and governance.Paired with the citys continued strong performance in the GCI(up three spots this year)the City by the Bay remains a prime examp

98、le of the positive ripple effects of innovation.Munich rose sharply from its ninth-place 2023 showing,driven by strong performance in economics,innovation,and personal well-being.The most significant driver in economics was a major increase in FDI score,showing stronger investment flows into Munich,

99、as well as a 26.3 percent increase in GDP per capitastrong indicators of economic resilience for the Bavarian economic hub despite energy market shocks,high costs of capital,and geopolitical tension.Copenhagen fell from second place in 2023 to third this year,despite retaining the top spot in govern

100、ance and rising nine ranks in innovation.Small decreases in personal well-being and economics enabled Munich to overtake the City of Spires.Despite its fall in rank,however,the Danish capitals strong innovation score,driven by entrepreneurship and private investments,indicate that it is likely to re

101、main resilient in the future.Luxembourgthe European city-stateheld its fourth-place rank in the GCO for the second year in a row.A slightly weaker performance in the economics dimension was offset by stronger performance in innovation,mainly driven by entrepreneurship.Luxembourgs ability to weather

102、economic uncertainty in Europe is evident,driven by a historically strong banking sectora central pillar of its economy.Seoul shot up from 14th place in 2023 to reach the fifth spot in our new listing.An increase in personal well-being offset a small decline in economics,as Seoul saw a more than 20

103、percent score increase for healthcare evolution within the personal well-being dimension.This speaks yet again to a citys ability to offset challenges to its global exchange of goods and capital by focusing on local economics and governance.Notably,Seoul jumped 17 spots within the FDI indicator for

104、economics,possibly driven in part by the outflux of Western businesses from China(see figure 5 on page 15).Photo by Angel Gomez Herreros Kearney,Madrid14Resurgent in a world at risk:the 2024 Global Cities ReportSource:Kearney 2024 Global Cities ReportFigure 5Top 30 cities in the Global Cities Outloo

105、kCity2024 rank2023 rank2022 rank2021 rank2020 rank2019 rank 20232024San FranciscoMunichCopenhagenLuxembourgSeoulStockholmParisDublinHelsinkiDsseldorfTokyoPhoenixOsloMinneapolisBostonLondonZurichNew YorkGenevaSingaporeFrankfurtBerlinSydneyAmsterdamOsakaBarcelonaMontrealLos AngelesChicagoPerth12345678

106、910111213141516171819202122232425262728293019241485672523192015123181713102621241128223142443213483365271718257928223711961620211235104129235554392532111316254327760463840113181610292292036391262571711620174285103828446533015122271633314129433613522324381744105926642711524122301613437402343380+710+9

107、+2222+15+12+7+7+1313+11610+51+113+34+4+14+15+215Resurgent in a world at risk:2024 Global Cities ReportWhile this years GCI results are indicative of cities global connectivity being hindered by policies at the national level,the GCO demonstrates that there remains a great deal of scope for metropoli

108、tan leaders to drive their cities to be more global in their policies and outlook.Cities that continue to prioritize security,stability,health,and environment this yearas shown by average score increases in each of the metrics under the personal well-being dimensionare in a strong position to withst

109、and continued economic shocks.Stronger performances from global cities on environmental measures are also particularly telling.At a time when concerted action on climate challenges remains quite difficult,cities are demonstrating their ability to address these existential threats,including through g

110、lobal collaboration.Trade barriers also certainly have implications upon cities ability to attract foreign businesses,and this is partially reflected in an overall decrease of entrepreneurship this year.Nonetheless,cities themselves can continue to innovate and engage in entrepreneurship despite tra

111、de tensions,and this is reflected in the GCOs patents metric this year,which showed a nearly 30 percent average increase in patents across cities.The cities that have done especially well in generating large numbers of patents have been Houston(jumping 49 spots to 26th place in innovation),known for

112、 its strong entrepreneurship culture,and Ankara(rising 34 spots to 76th place in innovation),with its leading technical education and innovation centers.Trade tensions and interstate economic competition have evidently strained cities ability to receive investment,as is reflected in a global downtur

113、n in FDI according to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development(UNCTAD).The past year has marked a particularly difficult period for investment entering into China.This can be attributed to a confluence of factors:foreign companies reaction to Chinese national security laws restricting

114、the flow of data across borders;pressure upon Western companies to“de-risk”from a geopolitically tense operating environment;and a slowed Chinese economy fraught with deflation,youth unemployment,and rising local government debts.This is reflected in the GCOs measure of FDI into China,with several m

115、ajor cities falling in rank:Guangzhou(down 68 spots),Shanghai(down 52 spots),and Quanzhou(down 32 spots).While Kearneys 2024 FDI Confidence Index found a high level of optimism among CEOs about Chinas prospects for investment in the near term,risks related to geopolitical tension and a more restrict

116、ive business regulatory environment in China and elsewhere remain.A continued decline in FDI would create greater challenges for Chinese cities seeking to engage on a global scale.The uneasy economic operating environment for companies doing business in China has resulted in the United States and ot

117、her Western economies turning to Chinas neighborsnotably India,Indonesia,Malaysia,Vietnam,Japan,and South Koreain order to reduce risk.As a result,the FDI metric within the economics dimension of this years GCO bears quite favorable prospects for cities in these countries.In India,for example,Mumbai

118、 has jumped 28 places for FDI,while Ahmedabad and Kolkata have jumped 23 spots each.Surabaya has shot up 68 places in its FDI ranking.Kuala Lumpur has jumped a whopping 96 spots for FDI.Ho Chi Minh City is up by 17,and so is Seoul.Osaka and Yokohama are up 47 and 40 places,respectively.The GCO resul

119、ts demonstrate a consistently positive outlook for these cities ability to take advantage of capital outflux from China.The same geopolitical tensions that might hinder globalization more broadly seem to allow these specific cities to become even more global in their exchange of goods and capital.16

120、Resurgent in a world at risk:2024 Global Cities ReportFor another of the worlds major economies,the United States,this year continued to show signs of an economic recovery,with reduced unemployment and a stabilization of consumer price inflation.This years GCO results reflect this positive outlookwi

121、th all US cities seeing rank increases.San Francisco leapt 16 spots in GDP per capita within the economics dimension,while New York,Miami,Houston,and Philadelphia all experienced gains of between 11 and 13 places on the same list.The distribution of per capita GDP increases across US states and regi

122、ons is suggestive of a potentially broader economic recovery.While the broader effects of the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law,Inflation Reduction Act,and other major pieces of legislation pushed by the Biden administration are yet to be measured or even realized,our small sample of leading American ci

123、ties demonstrates their potential impact with respect to infrastructure in particular.All US cities in our assessment have seen a rank increase in the infrastructure metric within the economics dimension of the GCO.US cities are not the only ones that have been able to foster strong business activit

124、y despite macroeconomic uncertainty.Another notable change in this years GCO results is a pattern of robust performance by some cities in attracting private investment even as worldwide FDI levels have dropped.While several of the worlds wealthiest nations still struggle from higher costs of capital

125、,making lending and borrowing more difficult,Middle Eastern Gulf cities have been able to keep real interest rates relatively low.Not only have metros in this region been able to keep the cost of capital moderate due to healthy budget deficits,they have also continued to advance ambitious agendas to

126、 diversify their economies and stimulate their private markets.The impact of these factors is very strongly reflected in the GCO results,as Gulf cities such as Dubai(up 10 spots in innovation),Makkah(up eight spots in innovation),and Muscat(up 11 spots in innovation)have all seen increases in the pr

127、ivate investments metric under the innovation category.Photo by Kearney Alum17Resurgent in a world at risk:the 2024 Global Cities ReportThe results of this years Global Cities Index and Global Cities Outlook have demonstrated the ways in which cities have found resilience and adaptivity in the face

128、of geoeconomic stressors.While cities can be adaptive,they face more than just geoeconomic challenges.They also encounter an intensifying array of environmental challenges,made more acute by the accelerating effects of climate change.The macroeconomic impacts of climate change are impossible to dism

129、issMorgan Stanley has already estimated that climate disasters cost the United States$415 billion between 2016 and 2019.A scenario by which global temperatures increase more than 2.8 degrees Celsius by 2100 is forecasted to cost the US economy more than$500 billion yearly.The environmental and econo

130、mic threats cities face are thus inextricably intertwined.Cities themselves face a particular set of climate threats.As the populations of the most successful and desirable metro areas continue to grow,they will face growing ecological pressuressuch as rising greenhouse emissions,air and water pollu

131、tion,and increased incidence of flooding,extreme heat,destructive storms,and other climate-related problems.Not only do cities face major environmental threatsthey also generate ecological consequences through their massive concentrations of human beings and industrial activity.Cities currently cons

132、ume approximately 78 percent of the worlds energy resources.They also produce more than 60 percent of the worlds greenhouse gas emissions,and global wasteprimarily from citiesis projected to increase 70 percent by 2050.A look ahead:regenerative citiesCities currently consume approximately 78 percent

133、 of the worlds energy resources and produce more than 60 percent of the worlds greenhouse gas emissions.18Resurgent in a world at risk:2024 Global Cities ReportAs such,cities not only suffer many of the gravest threats from climate change,they also have a responsibilityand an opportunityto lead the

134、way in seeking solutions.This requires an approach that avoids treating discrete ecological challenges in isolation,but rather addresses them more holistically,through what we refer to as a regenerative approach.Much has already been written about what cities can doand are already doingto address su

135、stainability and climate challenges.Obviously,mere Band-Aid solutions are not sufficient to tackle the sustainability challenges of the future.While cities can,and increasingly do,implement such useful individual solutions as waste management efforts,urban cooling initiatives,and water-saving measur

136、es,we believe in a more comprehensive approach to address the underlying challenges at their core.As opposed to introducing climate solutions piecemeal,cities should address underlying institutional frameworks to generate a virtuous cycle of innovation and institutional reformin other words,take a m

137、ore regenerative and systems-oriented approach to sustainability.This approach requires three primary elements:1.Collaborate to regenerate.Cities should seek to implement collaborative decision-making and integrated governance,and promote publicprivate partnershipsengaging a multitude of actors to j

138、ointly address sustainability issues.Bridging decision-making and accountability gaps between local,subnational,national,corporate,and private participants will allow cities to take a more comprehensive approach,one that is likelier to win public support.2.Position the next generation to prosper.Cit

139、ies should focus on promoting public participation in sustainability programs,to incorporate the voices and insights of citizens from the early stages of ideation and design.This allows cities regeneration to be sustained and upheld over the long term,as the next generation of talent and community c

140、an be cultivated through participatory action.Positioning citizens and young leaders to continue a global citys regenerative approach ensures that it can survive even as new challenges emerge in the future.3.Solve for tomorrow,with the best thinking of today.Cities should strive to develop a proacti

141、ve and integrated sustainability strategy,prioritizing initiatives and projects based on rigorous data analyses and deploying the latest innovative technological solutions.This foresight-driven approach substantively differs from a typical reactive approach to sustainability challenges,as it allows

142、cities to be ready for future challenges,rather than simply responding to them as they emerge.Photo by Haley Dunbrack Kearney,Chicago19Resurgent in a world at risk:the 2024 Global Cities ReportFor global cities in particular,the imperative to apply a regenerative approach is of utmost importance.Our

143、 research shows that many of those ranked highly in the GCO have already taken substantial steps toward becoming increasingly regenerative.Increasingly,the ability to offer a lasting value proposition to current and potential residents lies in the quality of life a city can offernot only its economi

144、c or cultural elements,but the complex and dynamic set of factors that contribute to a full and healthy life,including environmental quality and sustainability.As some leading cities begin to prioritize this,those that do not may be left behind.Increasingly,the ability to offer a lasting value propo

145、sition to current and potential residents lies in the quality of life a city can offer.Photo by Kevin Peschke Kearney,Chicago20Resurgent in a world at risk:2024 Global Cities ReportWhat cities are doing to be regenerativeThere are many examples of cities collaborating with external entitieswhether t

146、hey be other cities,corporate entities,or national governmentsto tackle sustainability challenges.One example of such collaboration to regenerate is“Yes San Francisco”(Yes SF),a partnership between the San Francisco Chamber of Commerce,Salesforce,Citi Group,the World Economic Forum,and more than 20

147、other organizations,inviting entrepreneurs to submit ideas and solutions aimed at the sustainable revival of downtown San Francisco.This approach allows the city to be connected not only with global partners,but also with entities within its bounds,fostering a sense of collective action toward susta

148、inability challenges.Collaborating to regenerate can also take the form of international city initiatives that assist cities in information sharing,problem solving,and launching joint initiatives to make their communities more sustainable.Municipal diplomatic initiatives also serve the goal of prepa

149、ring the policy professionals of the future to be able to adapt and respond to sustainability challenges.The“Shared Pathways to COP28”initiative was a municipal diplomacy initiative between Australian and Chinese cities to develop effective environmental policies in time for the 2023 United Nations

150、Climate ConferenceCOP28in Dubai.It involved months of exchanges between young policy leaders across major cities in both countries,generating several useful takeaways and lessons.COP28 focused heavily on municipal sustainability,featuring a Local Climate Action Summit that culminated in the signing

151、of the Coalition for High Ambition Multilevel Partnerships(CHAMP)for Climate Action.CHAMP was approved by 72 signatories,including most of the G20 nations.Initiatives such as CHAMP ensure that sustainability goals extend to cities,which are often the primary point of effective sustainability governa

152、nce and decision-making.Notwithstanding the importance of city diplomacy and collaboration,we see many cities taking the initiative to enact their own innovative policiessolving for tomorrows challenges with the best technology and resources available today.In Munich,the city administration has come

153、 to include departments mandated to oversee and implement sustainable development.The Department of Climate and Environmental Protection is responsible for the implementation of the citys climate and sustainability strategy.People in other departments(waste management,construction,urban planning)als

154、o work part-time on sustainability projects.Seoul has also taken trailblazing steps,shifting its policy emphasis from urban development to urban regeneration.The city is actively engaging its citizens to participate and take decisions on sustainable development.The municipal government held 615 meet

155、ings with residents about transforming an old highway overpass into a 1.2-kilometer-long elevated park called“Seoullo 7017,”which has been open to the public since 2017.Other cities are taking the lead in solving for tomorrows challenges through creative approaches to deployingand even designingnew

156、technologies and solutions to sustainability challenges.Copenhagen has implemented a system in which the city and national government make decisions about major infrastructure and development projects after evaluating the carbon footprint of each alternative,with the goal of reaching carbon neutrali

157、ty by 2025.In addition,sustainable technical solutions such as solar cells and energy-conserving materials are routinely installed in new buildings citywide.Stockholm,to provide another example,has undertaken joint sustainability efforts with technology companies.Since 2021,local government official

158、s have collaborated with Ellevio,Scania,and Volkswagen Sweden through an electrification pact to expand the citys charging infrastructure,and to thereby stimulate the sales and use of electric vehicles.21Resurgent in a world at risk:2024 Global Cities ReportLooking aheadFor cities,becoming regenerat

159、ive is essential to sustaining competitiveness amid constant global change and intensifying challenges.Sustainability and environmental concerns increasingly shape metro areas macroeconomic prospects and the well-being of their citizens.As ecological issues become even more salient,cities must conti

160、nue to focus on using technology for resource management,sustainable transportation,and citizen engagement through online platforms to encourage collective action for sustainability.These issues need to be managed holistically,and with a consideration of the future technological landscape,in order t

161、o ensure a viable path forward for the worlds cities.This calls for a systems-minded approach,one that draws on perspectives,expertise,and resources from across the full range of metropolitan stakeholders.Sustainability and environmental concerns increasingly shape metro areas macroeconomic prospect

162、s and the well-being of their citizens.Photo by Zhan Zhao Kearney,Beijing22Resurgent in a world at risk:2024 Global Cities ReportTaken together,this years Global Cities Index,Global Cities Outlook,and the feature on regenerative cities point toward a common theme:at a time of continued growing uncer

163、tainty in geopolitics,economics,and the natural environment,the worlds most internationally connected and influential cities can continue to thrive,but they need to be adaptive and resilient in order to do so.Those that can will serve as invaluable nodes of global connectivity in a more fragmented i

164、nternational economic environment.The methods for ensuring such adaptivity and resilience can varyindeed,they must vary in light of the vast differences among these cities.What works well for Minneapolis might not be a good fit for Muscat,and vice versa.But regardless of geographic location or natio

165、nal political circumstances,leading cities around the world can benefit from engaging more deeply with one another,as they seek to find solutions to the challenges they share.We hope cities can benefit from the lessons mentioned above and find new ways to develop and engage their most important asse

166、ttheir people,whether they are longtime residents or new arrivals seeking better opportunities.Fortunately,all of this is well within the capabilities of the cities that have found their way onto this list.They would not be global cities in the first place if they did not possess the ability to do g

167、reat things.While this is cause for hope,it should never be a pretext for complacency.These are indeed uncertain times;our hope is that the lessons and examples from this years Global Cities Report will enable these metros to continue to thriveand inspire others to join their ranks in the future.Con

168、clusion23Resurgent in a world at risk:2024 Global Cities ReportRudolph LohmeyerPartner,Washington,D.CBrenna BuckstaffPrincipal,Washington,D.CSascha TrepptePartner,Dubai Michele LonghiConsultant,Dubai AuthorsThe authors would like to thank Eren Bagis for his central intellectual contribution to this

169、report,Shagun Khurana,Abhijeet Singh,and Anmol Rai for their valuable research contributions,and Rita Carvalho and Ilia Khaliavin for lending their expertise and insight on the topic of sustainability.24Resurgent in a world at risk:2024 Global Cities ReportSource:Kearney 2024 Global Cities ReportApp

170、endix AGlobal Cities Index and Global Cities Outlook methodologiesGlobal Cities Index:a measure of current performanceAssesses 31 metrics across five dimensions:Business activity(30%):capital flow,market dynamics,and the presence of major companies Human capital(30%):education levels,human mobility

171、Information exchange(15%):access to information through Internet and other media sources Cultural experience(15%):access to museums,cultural events,and major sporting events Political engagement(10%):political events,think tanks,and embassiesRank and score are determined by totaling the weighted ave

172、rages of each dimension to yield a score on a scale of 0 to 100,with 100 being perfect.Sources are derived from publicly available,city-level data.Global Cities Outlook:a measure of future potentialAssesses 13 leading indicators across four dimensions:Personal well-being(25%):safety,healthcare,socia

173、l equity,and environmental performance Economics(25%):long-term investments and gross domestic product Innovation(25%):entrepreneurship through patents,private investments,and incubators Governance(25%):proxy for long-term stability through transparency,quality of bureaucracy,and ease of doing busin

174、essRank and score are determined by averaging the rate of change across each metric using data from the past five years,then projecting out to the next 510 years.Weighted averages are applied to each dimension to yield a score on a scale of 0 to 100,with 100 being perfect.Sources are derived from pu

175、blicly available,city-level data.25Resurgent in a world at risk:2024 Global Cities ReportNote:*indicates new city added in 2024.Source:Kearney 2024 Global Cities ReportAppendix BThe 156 cities included in the 2024 Global Cities Index and Global Cities Outlook analysisAhmedabadAlmatyBandungBangaloreB

176、angkokBeijingChangshaChengduChennaiChongqingDalianDhakaDongguanFoshanGuangzhouHangzhouHarbinHefeiHo Chi Minh Hong KongHyderabadJakartaJinanKaohsiungKarachiKolkataKuala LumpurKunmingLahoreManilaMelbourneMumbaiNagoyaNanjingNew DelhiNingboNur-SultanOsakaPerthPuneQingdaoSeoulAsia PacificShanghaiShenyang

177、ShenzhenSingaporeSurabayaSuratSuzhouSydneyTaipeiTangshanTianjinTokyoWuhanWuxiXianYangonYantaiYokohamaZhengzhouAtlantaBostonCharlotte*ChicagoDallasHoustonLos AngelesMiamiMinneapolisMontrealNew YorkPhiladelphiaNorth AmericaPhoenixSan FranciscoSeattleTorontoVancouverWashington,D.C.AmsterdamBarcelonaBer

178、linBrusselsBudapestCopenhagenDublinDsseldorfFrankfurtGenevaHelsinkiIstanbulKyivLisbonLondonLuxembourgMadridMilanMoscow MunichEuropeOsloParisPragueRomeStockholmSaint PetersburgViennaWarsawZagrebZurichAbidjanAccraAddis AbabaAlexandriaCape TownCasablancaJohannesburgKhartoumKinshasaLagosAfricaLuandaNair

179、obiTunisAbu DhabiAmmanAnkaraBaghdadBeirutCairoDammamDohaDubaiJeddahKuwait CityMakkahManamaMedinaMiddle EastMuscatRiyadhTehranTel AvivBelo HorizonteBogotBuenos AiresCaracasGuadalajaraLimaMexico CityMonterreyPorto AlegrePueblaLatin AmericaRecifeRio de JaneiroSalvadorSantiagoSo Paulo26Resurgent in a wo

180、rld at risk:2024 Global Cities ReportSource:Kearney 2024 Global Cities ReportAppendix CFull 2024 Global Cities Index ranking(1/2)New YorkLondonParisTokyoSingaporeBeijingLos AngelesShanghaiHong KongChicagoSeoulTorontoMadridSan FranciscoWashington,D.C.BrusselsMelbourneSydneyIstanbulBerlinAmsterdamBarc

181、elonaBostonDubaiMiamiMoscowViennaMilanBuenos AiresMontrealRomeFrankfurtAtlantaBangkokHoustonMexico CityStockholmZurichSo PauloVancouver123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839401234758131011141512171969182516202426233021293522333727344539284032463812349561610713181915121

182、1817281423262022322130462529402434433831363345371234965107817201911141612152713222821233318254432293824343537314130403912349571268171916131014181134152326212730202248252937283336323839314241123469719581317152210121611261420232127311825412429362834423540393033380000+21+1+5+1+1+3+31+3+41080+641+2+31+5

183、5+2+77+3+65+1+11+48+36+722024CityRank20232022202120202019 23-24LisbonMunichDallasDublinGenevaCopenhagenPragueSeattleOsakaPhiladelphiaDohaGuangzhouSantiagoOsloKuala LumpurBudapestTel AvivTaipeiAbu DhabiMumbaiWarsawMinneapolisHelsinkiRiyadhBogotRio de JaneiroNew DelhiShenzhenLimaJohannesburgPerthCairo

184、DsseldorfJakartaCharlotteLuxembourgHangzhouManilaChengduPhoenix414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667686970717273747576777879804431484336414742525450555149726957596653657168616376647362585660677475787083883927484135424944475057565553646252517660656754706678717368585961636974797283874

185、62647453643524248505360585457715149776264706174637666726555565968677380698884522447464049504535436863625458715144765361666073597256756955576465707482678779324346374548475051617160496253446954556758575679635266645991658972+311+519506+3+41+325+17+130+1+77+4+9+532+103+57121512601+18+4+82024CityRank2023

186、2022202120202019 23-2427Resurgent in a world at risk:2024 Global Cities ReportSource:Kearney 2024 Global Cities ReportAppendix CFull 2024 Global Cities Index ranking(2/2)NagoyaSaint PetersburgNanjingJeddahZagrebKuwait CityYokohamaKyivWuhanCape TownBangaloreAmmanBeirutAnkaraTianjinPorto AlegreNairobi

187、XianSuzhouMonterreyChongqingHo Chi MinhBelo HorizonteChangshaCasablancaQingdaoGuadalajaraSalvadorZhengzhouCaracasRecifeKaohsiungDammamMuscatChennaiDalianNingboHefeiJinanAbidjan8182838485868788899091929394959697989910010110210310410510610710810911011111211311411511611711811912079859381808796929884918

188、277901001158610210310111294111108105116110124120107131119133118971281261371229975819184868890949280938577899511182100102109107981141031011161151251201081241101361269712312713811810479789082838799919481988575869310889969211210797104102100110115124121103125109147119101120126133122114788086859295899377

189、8883818494116901009810410297113103107105106120121991251391159611812210970688675761057378748895771119690107819811694113991061238311210080110119922+3+1035+1+9+4+96010164+5+1911+4+4+1+118+8+40+10+3+16+113+20+7+20+418+12+9+19+3212024CityRank20232022202120202019 23-24AccraDhakaTunisHyderabadTehranShenyan

190、gKunmingHarbinAlmatyPueblaLagosWuxiFoshanNur-SultanManamaDongguanYantaiLahoreMakkahQuanzhouTangshanAddis AbabaKolkataPuneKinshasaMedinaKarachiSurabayaLuandaBaghdadAhmedabadAlexandriaBandungYangon(Rangoon)KhartoumSurat12112212312412512612712812913013113213313413513613713813914014114214314414514614714

191、814915015115215315415515610489114113106134138135123130109139146121125150149127154148152951361321171531291401451441431421471511411561069611311710512913512811913411214014412113315014713215414815199137130122153131141146143145139149152142155117951111161051311341321181371131441481281301501491271531521551

192、0613813513615412314014612913914114514314215611091111101108128126124133112138142132129143141127150144145114119123130149117135147134131148136137140146938210385971211171228412812911513213110913413510110411410287108125126120130118127124133173391119+8+11+76022+7+131310+14+1211+15+8+114771228+718846810631

193、402024CityRank20232022202120202019 23-2428Resurgent in a world at risk:2024 Global Cities ReportSource:Kearney 2024 Global Cities ReportAppendix DFull 2024 Global Cities Outlook ranking(1/2)San FranciscoMunichCopenhagenLuxembourgSeoulStockholmParisDublinHelsinkiDsseldorfTokyoPhoenixOsloMinneapolisBo

194、stonLondonZurichNew YorkGenevaSingaporeFrankfurtBerlinSydneyAmsterdamOsakaBarcelonaMontrealLos AngelesChicagoPerthVancouverAbu DhabiViennaTorontoSeattleMelbourneAtlantaRomeYokohamaMadrid123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839401924148567252319201512318171310262124112822

195、31424432402730334134362945351348336527171825792822371196162021123510412923555439469243452323868473325321113162543277604638401131816102922920363912625717284198521447494137116201742851038284465330151222716333141294336135223242572123519345831381744105926642711524122301613437402343381920181134143547450+

196、710+9+2222+15+12+7+7+1313+11610+51+113+34+4+14+15+2+9531+6219+652024CityRank20232022202120202019 23-24TaipeiDallasNagoyaDubaiMilanWashington,D.C.BrusselsHoustonPhiladelphiaMiamiPragueCharlotteWarsawBudapestTel AvivShenzhenZagrebDohaHangzhouKuala LumpurMumbaiLisbonBeijingKuwait CityMonterreyWuhanSuzh

197、ouRiyadhShanghaiSantiagoShenyangGuangzhouNanjingHefeiKaohsiungHong KongHyderabadTianjinMuscatFoshan414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667686970717273747576777879801652473837484369565850728355466268499688753978765453995186605759638087100661026414784211484931727087514359601590844010796

198、9127859953459530975626586280861146689632450351544584255617051325648269310764891107323951346645973065803463765354124671047226473718503929445657514059494186956892966132751326955914566775460621046564722533313236292721464828415350496659779139681056354865156716557529460587625+10+468+24+21+7+81+19+29010+5

199、+1010+36+27+1324+14+111214+3118+1611151411+5+11+2312+23162024CityRank20232022202120202019 23-2429Resurgent in a world at risk:2024 Global Cities ReportSource:Kearney 2024 Global Cities ReportAppendix DFull 2024 Global Cities Outlook ranking(2/2)NingboChangshaQuanzhouYantaiWuxiSo PauloChennaiChengduJ

200、inanTangshanQingdaoZhengzhouManamaAhmedabadKunmingBogotGuadalajaraHarbinBangaloreJeddahPuneDalianXianAlmatyBangkokChongqingNew DelhiNur-SultanSuratDammamPueblaKolkataMakkahDongguanBuenos AiresMedinaMexico CityLimaMoscowSalvador8182838485868788899091929394959697989910010110210310410510610710810911011

201、111211311411511611711811912067776171651011047974737081911098210797851081031168489941059210698121951141221109011511211312793132656150735712411264697671679212877109110821199812583811051087411310613110211813310093881011111214413874716881591151218284858788103143901201148313398141797892105751309614710013

202、91489969861011161233313574737078631231058281838589121111120791089711876809310387109102128981391249971671001191074813873816782649910274788075961108995729385113706187791001211171206962888422116145221320+15+179151721112+1513+11013+9+3+15181410014110+1215+3+10324044+926+122024CityRank2023202220212020201

203、9 23-24Belo HorizonteRio de JaneiroPorto AlegreJakartaRecifeIstanbulNairobiHo Chi MinhAnkaraAmmanTunisBandungSaint PetersburgManilaCape TownCairoCasablancaJohannesburgSurabayaBaghdadBeirutAlexandriaAbidjanLuandaYangon(Rangoon)AccraLahoreKyivAddis AbabaKarachiKhartoumKinshasaDhakaLagosCaracasTehran12

204、112212312412512612712812913013113213313413513613713813914014114214314414514614714814915015115215315415515613413313511913611812512412011712613012313812813912913113714114914214014714614814315214514415115415015315615513714213910314011712311612794132130115120122144129126134136141147143149135148145751461

205、501531551541521561511291381311081361091121061139112511877117122145132126119128137149127144111146142941401511521531551541561501331251341101371061359011588130113841171161411271291141261221421311461121451369414314414714914815015114010697111101115921248311210910455901031199810710812512211813211412712612

206、8129131130135134133123+13+11+125+118249135210+47+3872+1+803+3+1+24+4460+231+112024CityRank20232022202120202019 23-2430Resurgent in a world at risk:2024 Global Cities ReportFor more information,permission to reprint or translate this work,and all other correspondence,please email .A.T.Kearney Korea L

207、LC is a separate and independent legal entity operating under the Kearney name in Korea.A.T.Kearney operates in India as A.T.Kearney Limited(Branch Office),a branch office of A.T.Kearney Limited,a company organized under the laws of England and Wales.2024,A.T.Kearney,Inc.All rights reserved.About th

208、e National Transformations InstituteKearneys National Transformations Institute is dedicated to helping senior government and business leaders anticipate and drive the diverse and accelerating transformations under way globally.The Institutes work centers on the application of the formal techniques

209、of strategic foresight;policy design and analysis;and economic modeling.About KearneyKearney is a leading global management consulting firm.For nearly 100 years,we have been a trusted advisor to C-suites,government bodies,and nonprofit organizations.Our people make us who we are.Driven to be the difference between a big idea and making it happen,we work alongside our clients to regenerate their businesses to create a future that works for