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1、We recommend viewing this document with the latest version of your PDF reader.Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association,Inc.Taxes on AutomobilesThe Burden on Motor Vehicle UsersTax Incentive Measures.Climate ChangeVehicle Fuel EfficiencyAlternative Fuel Vehicles and CO2 Reductions at Manufacturers
2、FacilitiesHazardous SubstancesRecyclingEmissionsMeasuring Motor Vehicle Fuel Consumption and Emissions233PageAutomobile Manufacturing:A Core IndustryMotor VehiclesAutomotive Shipments in Value TermsAutomotive TradeAutomobile-Related Industries and Total Employment4566789.ProductionNew RegistrationsI
3、mported Vehicle SalesUsed Vehicle SalesMotor Vehicles in Use and Motor Vehicle DensityExportsExports by DestinationMotorcycles1010111112ProductionSalesMotorcycles in UseExportsExports by DestinationRoad Safety131314Road SafetyVehicle Safety Features and SystemsAutomated Driving.15151616171818Attenti
4、on to the Environment192020Taxes2323Vehicle-Based SystemsDrivers Licenses and the Driving PopulationMotor Vehicle Classification242525Global OperationsOverseas ProductionOverseas Production VolumesGlobal Industry Ties2728292930Motor Vehicles WorldwideGlobal ProductionNew RegistrationsMotor Vehicles&
5、Motorcycles in Use/Motor Vehicle&Motorcycle DensityExportsCustoms Tariffs,EPAs-FTAs31323333Japan Mobility Show(formerly the Tokyo Motor Show)JAMA Member ManufacturersLocations of Auto Manufacturing PlantsRelated Automotive Associations.Contents.THE MOTOR INDUSTRY OF JAPAN 2024.Machinery IndustriesAu
6、tomotive ShipmentsAutomotiveChemicalsIron&SteelNon-FerrousMetalsMetalProductsGeneralMachineryElectricalMachinery&EquipmentSubtotalOtherTotalAs%of Value of Machinery ShipmentsAs%of Total Value of Manufacturing ShipmentsTransport EquipmentNotes:1.Data through 2020 includes shipments from all manufactu
7、ring operations with four or more employees.2.Compilation of data on production in value terms was discontinued in 1996 and replaced by data on shipments in value terms.3.Figures in value terms include domestic consumption tax revenue from shipments.4.“Electrical Machinery&Equipment”includes IT-rela
8、ted electronic parts and equipment as of 2002.SHIPMENTS OF MAJOR MANUFACTURING SECTORS IN VALUE TERMS,1970-2022x 100 million yenYear SHIPMENTS OF MAJOR MANUFACTURING SECTORS IN VALUE TERMS(2022)x 100 million yenAutomotive627,942(17.4%)GeneralMachinery448,015(12.4%)Other1,134,073(31.3%)ElectricalMach
9、inery&Equipment445,372(12.3%)TransportEquipment705,284(19.5%)Chemicals342,810(9.5%)Iron&Steel239,410(6.6%)Metal Products169,199(4.7%)Non-FerrousMetals133,586(3.7%)Breakdown of automotive shipments:Automobiles(including motorcycles).249,851 Auto bodies and trailers.8,318 Automotive parts and accessor
10、ies.369,773Total3,617,749(100%)Automotive Shipments Total 63 Trillion Yen;Equipment Investments,1.5 Trillion Yen;R&D Expenditures,3.9 Trillion YenNote:Japans fiscal year(FY)starts on April 1 and ends on March 31 of the following year.INVESTMENTS IN EQUIPMENT OF MAJOR MANUFACTURING SECTORS(FY 2023)x
11、100 million yenAutomotive shipments(both domestic and export shipments,including motorcycles,auto parts,etc.)in value terms reached 62.8 trillion yen in 2022,up 11.4%from the previous year,accounting for 17.4%of the total value of Japans manufacturing shipments and 39.3%of the value of the machinery
12、 industries combined shipments.Investments in equipment by the automobile industry in 2023 totalled 1.5 trillion yen and its research and development expenditures stood at 3.9 trillion yen in 2022;those figures represent roughly 20%and 30%,respectively,of the value of overall investments of Japans m
13、ajor manufacturing sectors.With motor vehicle exports in value terms amounting to 21.6 trillion yen in 2023 and auto-related employment in Japan totalling 5.58 million people,the automotive industry is one of the Japanese economys core industrial sectors.Automobile Manufacturing:A Core IndustryAutom
14、otive Shipments in Value TermsTransportEquipment15,756(26.2%)Other8,760(14.6%)Petroleum1,668(2.8%)Chemicals11,163(18.5%)Paper&Pulp1,253(2.1%)Iron&Steel3,745(6.2%)GeneralMachinery5,868(9.7%)ElectricalMachinery7,626(12.7%)Automotive15,333(25.5%)Total60,204(100%)INVESTMENTS IN EQUIPMENT OF MAJOR MANUFA
15、CTURING SECTORS,2014-2023x 100 million yen07,00014,00021,0002014Fiscal year2023201520162017201820192020202120222013201420152016201720182019202020212022AutomotiveIT&Telecommunications EquipmentElectronic Circuits,Parts&EquipmentTransport EquipmentPharma-ceuticalsChemicalsGeneral Machinery&EquipmentIr
16、on&SteelElectrical Machinery&EquipmentFoodsOtherTotalSource:Survey on Research Activities in Science and Technology,Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications R&D EXPENDITURES OF MAJOR MANUFACTURING SECTORSx 100 million yenFiscalyearSources for data in above charts:Economic Census for Business
17、Activity,Ministry of Economy,Trade and Industry,Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications;Census of Manufactures,Ministry of Economy,Trade and IndustryTransport equipmentOtherOtherChemicalsChemicalsIron&steelIron&steelGeneral machineryGeneral machineryPetroleumNon-ferrousmetalsPaper&pulpPaper&
18、pulp COMPARISON OF VALUE OF AUTOMOTIVE SHIPMENTS TO TOTAL VALUE OF ALL MANUFACTURING SHIPMENTS02040608010012014016018020022024026028030032034038056.453.452.0 53.357.1330.262.8 361.8 303.6292.1305.1313.157.860.7302.0319.262.3331.8 60.0322.5360 x 1 trillion yenTotal value of all manufacturing shipment
19、sTotal value of automotive shipments2013Year2021 20222014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020197019751980198519901995200020052010201320142015201620172018201920202021202255,402104,381179,787205,524235,030233,625237,994250,271262,120274,092281,230286,222272,496287,242297,880292,528287,305317,082342,81065,64
20、8113,063178,956177,543182,687140,727119,630168,964181,463179,053192,022178,420156,693176,867186,520177,476151,183197,188239,41030,54739,08781,18663,83678,21764,96462,18967,11689,11488,05994,22096,79588,89297,620102,29096,14294,527119,507133,58637,27765,731106,465130,944185,736176,465155,868140,15912
21、2,920130,606139,328143,057143,986151,989158,217159,653152,036158,811169,19968,028106,112175,998241,904332,249298,844304,132312,108306,186320,911337,273359,715363,611392,279412,807397,686376,065416,717448,01573,305108,213222,346408,422545,286548,309595,817495,083442,848368,283394,772408,060376,748398
22、,955418,426390,650389,109420,761445,37272,758147,935249,536361,793468,582442,145444,474539,999542,136582,032600,633646,539649,912682,635700,906679,938602,308631,198705,28454,673105,241212,346276,927423,106395,613400,429489,548472,962519,710533,101570,524577,604606,999623,040600,154534,472563,679627,
23、94224.527.731.126.230.329.728.935.336.640.940.040.341.541.240.740.939.138.439.37.98.39.910.413.112.913.216.516.417.817.518.219.119.018.818.617.617.117.4223,008379,551682,4571,055,9321,397,4391,330,3641,385,6121,385,0371,291,1701,271,2261,332,6781,414,3141,390,2711,473,8691,532,1391,468,2741,367,4821
24、,468,6761,598,671287,383589,807952,7241,063,2401,205,9391,155,2771,115,720988,717944,290977,8851,011,9221,012,477968,0181,004,0801,041,0481,031,261983,0141,040,9361,134,073690,3481,274,3292,146,9982,653,2063,233,7263,060,3563,035,8242,962,4172,891,0772,920,9213,051,4003,131,2853,020,3563,191,6673,31
25、8,0943,225,3343,035,5473,302,2003,617,749Non-FerrousMetals4,365(7.3%)Electrical machineryElectrical machinery2014201520162017201820192020202120222023AutomotivePaper&PulpChemicalsPetroleumIron&SteelNon-Ferrous MetalsGeneral MachineryElectrical MachineryTransport EquipmentTotalOtherSource:Survey on Pl
26、anned Capital Spending,Development Bank of Japan INVESTMENTS IN EQUIPMENT OF MAJOR MANUFACTURING SECTORSx 100 million yenFiscal year1,3721,2741,2521,2831,6721,6021,4891,4691,3521,2537,8018,1009,0369,15211,56511,70211,32010,37212,11511,1632,8412,3702,1562,2152,3992,4972,4842,0622,4071,6685,7995,5657,
27、0555,1334,8774,4353,7113,6663,4423,7451,7631,8071,7752,2192,4592,5461,6112,2892,8474,3656,1007,3677,7027,7278,9996,8025,7155,6066,8405,8688,9208,2855,9336,1496,7084,9344,5945,1386,4247,62612,24413,92814,38713,59516,09614,38612,80814,28914,64715,75611,19913,02113,30612,90215,34913,80312,25213,94014,1
28、9715,33356,82058,19659,83358,25566,16259,69652,48653,78559,50160,2049,9809,50010,53710,78211,38710,7928,7548,89410,7798,76016,70816,23815,47613,57213,37411,86311,93011,51810,2268,2905,9986,1816,0936,0756,4278,5238,06711,55710,96412,31124,97228,44729,52929,25530,64630,62831,79138,79636,85240,11814,37
29、114,95314,57713,51614,65314,04713,39213,21613,98614,3047,5197,5348,1668,4948,5258,3699,5299,7649,4319,55518,02718,44019,00519,04719,18020,61519,11016,37116,37217,9471,3921,5011,5521,5771,5981,5471,6551,5471,2321,23610,72411,18911,56911,21111,25512,66013,1828,1358,3779,3202,3372,0972,1952,2672,7532,6
30、862,9642,7642,8842,47810,56710,97110,47910,73411,40712,21312,09310,89811,78412,524112,615117,551118,641115,748119,818123,151123,713124,566122,108128,08324,13727,49528,37228,07129,29629,31730,60037,16435,76839,194Automotive R&D EXPENDITURES OF MAJOR MANUFACTURING SECTORS(FY 2022)x 100 million yen R&D
31、 EXPENDITURES OF MAJOR MANUFACTURING SECTORS,2013-20222013Fiscal year202220142015201620172018201920202021010,00030,00020,00040,000AutomotiveTransport equipmentGeneral machinery&equipmentPharmaceuticalsChemicalsElectronic circuits,parts&equipmentFoodsIT&telecommunications equipmentIT&telecommunicatio
32、ns equipmentChemicalsElectrical machinery&equipmentElectrical machinery&equipmentElectrical machinery&equipmentChemicalsElectronic circuits,parts&equipmentIron&steelIT&TelecommunicationsEquipment8,290(6.5%)Other12,524(9.6%)Foods2,478(1.9%)ElectricalMachinery&Equipment9,320(7.3%)General Machinery&Equ
33、ipment17,947(14.0%)Iron&Steel1,236(1.0%)ElectronicCircuits,Parts&Equipment12,311(9.6%)Pharmaceuticals14,304(11.2%)Chemicals9,555(7.5%)Total128,083(100%)Automotive39,194(30.6%)TransportEquipment40,118(31.3%)x 100 million yenElectronic circuits,parts&equipmentOther2Notes:1.“Passenger Cars,Trucks,Buses
34、”includes chassis.2.FOB:Free on board;CIF:Cost,insurance,and freight.3.“Chg.(%)”means change from the previous year(with the previous years result indexed at 100).Source for all statistical data on this page:The Summary Report on Trade of Japan(2023),Japan Tariff Association2013201420152016201720182
35、0192020202120222023Motor VehiclesExports TotalPassenger Cars,Trucks,BusesAuto PartsMotorcycles&Motorcycle PartsChg.(%)Chg.(%)Year142,411147,849158,912151,175161,092166,972159,052127,738147,099172,743216,409111.7103.8107.595.1106.6103.795.380.3115.2117.4125.3104,125109,194120,463113,329118,254123,072
36、119,71295,796107,222130,117172,65434,76234,75034,83034,61738,96639,90936,01729,12436,00038,48338,8363,5243,9053,6193,2293,8723,9903,3242,8183,8764,1434,918697,742730,930756,139700,358782,865814,788769,317683,991830,914981,7361,008,738109.5104.8103.492.6111.8104.194.488.9121.5118.2102.8 AUTOMOTIVE EX
37、PORTS IN VALUE TERMS(FOB)x 100 million yen20132014201520162017201820192020202120222023Motor VehiclesImports TotalPassenger Cars,Trucks,BusesAuto PartsMotorcycles&Motorcycle PartsChg.(%)Chg.(%)Year AUTOMOTIVE IMPORTS IN VALUE TERMS(CIF)x 100 million yen EXPORTS BY PRINCIPAL COMMODITY(FOB)IN 2023x 10
38、billion yenMotor Vehicles(including motorcycles and parts)2,164(21.5%)Transport Equipment2,363(23.4%)Scientific&OpticalEquipment250(2.5%)Other1,946(19.3%)Chemicals1,102(10.9%)Non-FerrousMetals&Metal Products377(3.7%)Textile Yarn&Textiles79(0.8%)GeneralMachinery1,845(18.3%)ElectricalMachinery&Equipme
39、nt1,675(16.6%)In Value Terms,Motor Vehicle Exports Total 21.6 Trillion Yen;Motor Vehicle Imports Total 3.3 Trillion YenIn 2023 Japans gross exports increased 2.8%from the previous year,whereas imports decreased 7.0%.In value terms,automotive exports rose 25.3%from 2022 to 21.6 trillion yen and impor
40、ts grew 22.4%year-on-year to 3.3 trillion yen.EMPLOYMENT IN THE AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURING AND AUTO-RELATED INDUSTRIESAuto-Related Employment Totals 5.58 Million PeopleAutomobiles are the focus of an extremely wide range of industrial and related activity,from materials supply and vehicle production t
41、o sales,servicing,freight shipping and other auto-centered operations.Auto-related employment in Japan at present totals 5.58 million people.Number of employeesTotal employment in auto manufacturing&auto-related industries:5.58 million(8.3%)Automobile Production.883,000 Automobile manufacturing(incl
42、uding motorcycles)Auto parts and accessories manufacturing Auto body and trailer manufacturing.190,000.668,000.25,000Road Transport.2,793,000 Road freight transport Road passenger transport Road transport-related services Vehicle rental services Postal activities.1,777,000.476,000.387,000.50,000.103
43、,000Automotive Fuel/Insurance/Recycling.368,000 Automotive fuel retailing Auto damage insurance Automobile recycling Automobile parking.294,000.7,900.1,700.64,000Materials&Equipment Supply.534,000 Electrical machinery&equipment Non-ferrous metals Iron&steel Metal products Chemicals(including paints)
44、,textiles,and petroleum Plastics,rubber,and glass Electronic parts&equipment Manufacturing machinery Information services.98,000.19,000.107,000.40,000.34,000.160,000.35,000.5,000.36,000Sales&Services.1,009,000 Automobile retailing(including motorcycles,used vehicles,and auto parts and accessories)Au
45、tomobile wholesaling(including motorcycles,used vehicles,and finished/used parts and accessories)Automobile servicing .568,000.221,000.220,000Note:Figures are rounded off to the nearest thousand.Sources:Labor Force Survey(2023 Annual Average),Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications Statistic
46、s Bureau;Economic Census for Business Activity,Ministry of Economy,Trade and Industry,Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications;Census of Manufactures,2020 Input-Output Tables for Japan,Ministry of Economy,Trade and IndustryIron&SteelProducts 450(4.5%)IMPORTS BY PRINCIPAL COMMODITY(CIF)IN 2023
47、x 10 billion yenTransport Equipment413(3.8%)Other1,918(17.4%)Foodstuffs934(8.5%)Raw Materials719(6.5%)Mineral Fuels2,733(24.8%)Petroleum&Petroleum Products1,402(12.7%)Chemicals1,155(10.5%)Non-Ferrous Metals&Metal Products406(3.7%)GeneralMachinery959(8.7%)ElectricalMachinery&Equipment1,782(16.2%)Moto
48、r Vehicles(including motorcycles and parts)329(3.0%)Automobile Manufacturing:A Core IndustryAutomotive TradeAutomobile Manufacturing:A Core IndustryAutomobile-Related Industries and Total EmploymentTotal10,087(100%)Total11,020(100%)18,94820,92521,26121,02323,41925,22324,02019,51323,48526,89732,92412
49、2.2110.4101.698.9111.4107.795.281.2120.4114.5122.410,85711,62311,39811,78113,07014,28414,08411,65313,71815,12319,0746,9818,1488,7708,3299,3289,8618,9066,7478,25210,02211,8371,1091,1541,0939131,0211,0791,0301,1131,5141,7522,013812,425859,091784,055660,420753,792827,033785,995680,108848,7501,185,0321,
50、101,956114.9 105.7 91.3 84.2114.1109.795.086.5124.8139.693.0Total employment(workforce)in Japan:67.47 million(100%)3 MOTOR VEHICLE PRODUCTION TRENDS IN MOTOR VEHICLE PRODUCTIONSource:Ministry of Economy,Trade and Industry MOTOR VEHICLE PRODUCTION IN VALUE TERMSTotalPassenger CarsTrucks&Busesx 1 mill
51、ion units MOTOR VEHICLE PRODUCTION BY TYPE IN 2023In vehicle unitsMotor Vehicle Production Totals 9 Million UnitsTrucks1,127,470(12.5%)Standard492,823(5.5%)Buses104,010(1.2%)Motor VehiclesProductionx 1 million yen TRENDS IN MOTOR VEHICLE PRODUCTION IN VALUE TERMS x 1 trillion yen In vehicle units024
52、681012142014Year202320152016201720182019202020212022TotalPassenger CarsTrucks&BusesBusesTrucksLargeSubtotalSubtotalTractorsMiniSmallStandardMiniSmallStandardYearSmallSubtotalPassenger CarsTotal8,998,538(100%)Standard5,027,107(55.9%)Small1,330,329(14.8%)Mini1,409,622(15.7%)Mini401,802(4.5%)Small232,8
53、45(2.6%)Passenger Cars7,767,058(86.3%)Notes:1.Passenger cars and trucks are classified under Japans Road Vehicles Act in three categories,based primarily on engine capacity:“standard”(over 2,000cc),“small”(661cc-2,000cc),and“mini”(660cc and under);see page 23 for details.2.KD sets have been excluded
54、 since 1979;they represent less than 60%of the cost of compositional components per vehicle and have been treated as components since 1988.3.“Chg.(%)”means change from the previous year(with the previous years result indexed at 100).TotalSources:Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association;Current Sur
55、vey of Production,Ministry of Economy,Trade and Industry1985199019952000200520102014201520162017201820192020202120222023Passenger Cars1970197519801985199019952000200520102014201520162017201820192020202120222023TrucksBusesTotal19701975198019851990199520002005201020142015201620172018201920202021202220
56、23SmallStandardSubtotalChg.(%)Chg.(%)Chg.(%)Chg.(%)YearMiniSmallStandardYearMiniSubtotalIn 2023 motor vehicle production in Japan stood at 8.99 million units,up 14.8%from 2022,registering an increase for the first time in five years.Passenger car production jumped 18.3%to a total of 7.77 million uni
57、ts,with standard cars surging 23.7%to 5.03 million units,small cars growing 10.7%to 1.33 million units,and minicars rising 8.3%to 1.41 million units.Meanwhile,truck production decreased 4.8%from the previous year to 1.13 million units whereas bus production climbed 22.9%to 104,000 units.1,253,8611,6
58、10,4752,113,3111,877,8931,262,943909,321483,282436,763238,776327,928330,814317,182292,901306,259293,002254,310261,715238,561 232,845 258,100288,170885,1981,278,2121,249,525824,140649,180723,663520,627604,768586,645505,970515,521517,641506,390405,451516,988512,809 492,823 121.7116.2114.0108.1109.997.
59、5103.2103.4121.1101.194.6100.6106.0100.199.683.695.199.2 118.3 3,178,7084,567,8547,038,1087,646,8169,947,9727,610,5338,359,4349,016,7358,310,3628,277,0707,830,7227,873,8868,347,8368,359,2868,328,7566,960,4096,619,202 6,566,318 7,767,058 749,450160,272195,923160,592835,965916,2011,283,0941,408,7531,3
60、04,8321,868,4101,530,7031,263,8341,484,6101,497,8981,473,2111,357,6481,284,2871,301,090 1,409,622 2,377,6394,198,5506,438,8476,991,4327,361,2244,140,6293,699,8933,416,6222,159,1191,750,8951,555,5481,610,4861,715,9701,605,1621,538,3801,409,9941,169,2841,201,978 1,330,329 551,922438,987914,6791,388,58
61、3986,171804,276594,356546,185449,776425,065392,290377,921411,319433,211433,525377,970375,351433,183 401,802 2,063,8832,337,6323,913,1884,544,6883,498,6392,537,7371,726,8181,706,6111,209,1791,357,7611,309,7491,201,0731,219,7411,257,1111,232,9171,037,7311,154,0541,184,553 1,127,470 102.190.8115.2105.2
62、89.093.998.898.6122.7103.896.591.7101.6103.198.184.2111.2102.695.246,56636,10591,58879,59140,18547,26654,54476,313109,334139,834137,850129,743123,097113,197122,62169,80173,65984,611104,010111.378.8146.4110.295.596.2112.7126.3126.0105.498.694.194.992.0108.356.9105.5114.9122.95,289,1576,941,59111,042,
63、88412,271,09513,486,79610,195,53610,140,79610,799,6599,628,8759,774,6659,278,3219,204,7029,690,6749,729,5949,684,2948,067,9417,846,915 7,835,482 8,998,538 113.1105.9114.6107.0103.596.6102.5102.7121.4101.594.999.2105.3100.499.583.397.399.9114.851,619209,032403,338494,7921,750,7832,553,7033,376,4474,1
64、91,3604,846,4114,657,7654,744,4714,999,5665,147,2565,256,2265,317,1654,192,7674,165,6314,063,2505,027,1070510152025302014Year20232015201620172018201920202021202212,273,52616,957,27114,108,73714,424,13817,958,82916,828,56019,152,17519,643,50719,390,06820,426,51820,792,21320,845,953 17,391,34217,651,7
65、3319,287,43825,636,557 204,060201,003197,088189,904290,674329,659442,524468,112472,126463,407413,631428,976238,665185,607226,239 312,048 101,00766,98889,441109,007163,069211,359318,410328,498299,220288,317275,391298,524170,077153,578183,529 244,310 103,053134,015107,64780,897127,605118,300124,114139
66、,614172,906175,090138,240130,45268,58832,02942,71067,738 4,039,1773,790,0093,104,2822,058,1842,967,0982,442,3143,167,2323,196,4452,876,5342,970,7913,066,2173,024,491 2,552,6952,982,7472,975,912 3,083,986 46,74564,913124,76445,453104,56775,944118,091131,002129,781126,867128,658141,002106,908105,48685
67、,67098,169 679,498591,144510,579357,765357,615323,800313,522300,368290,991319,178359,483391,156 344,847346,123462,032435,492 1,519,9341,180,028849,511543,408588,224358,081546,377576,037566,781538,716570,136568,616 492,720514,462458,523 474,698 1,793,0001,953,9241,619,4281,111,5581,916,6921,684,4892,
68、189,2422,189,0381,888,9811,986,0302,007,9401,923,7171,608,2202,016,6761,969,687 2,075,627 8,030,28912,966,25910,807,36712,176,05014,701,05714,056,58715,542,41915,978,95016,041,40816,992,32017,312,36517,392,486 14,599,98214,483,37916,085,287 22,240,523 85,925572,188790,3031,237,6051,169,8711,207,4231
69、,795,4401,473,1031,280,8531,517,7861,545,6871,611,427 1,528,2891,379,2941,468,754 1,706,941 7,049,3238,676,7154,869,4274,298,3704,178,6412,609,8612,636,8722,458,1982,438,9062,516,3792,398,8352,357,894 2,178,4941,799,6351,980,042 2,409,069 895,0413,717,3565,147,6376,640,0759,352,54510,239,30311,110,1
70、0712,047,64912,321,64912,958,15513,367,84313,423,165 10,893,19911,304,45012,636,491 18,124,513 4 NEW MOTOR VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS TRENDS IN NEW MOTOR VEHICLE REGISTRATIONSx 1 million units NEW MOTOR VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS BY TYPE IN 2023In vehicle unitsMotor Vehicle Sales Total 4.78 Million UnitsPasse
71、nger Cars116.8119.794.0100.3115.9105.6102.599.6107.4103.089.798.4105.8100.197.988.696.593.8115.8 2,379,1372,737,6412,854,1763,104,0835,102,6594,443,9064,259,8724,748,4094,212,2674,699,5914,215,8894,146,4584,386,3774,391,1604,301,0913,809,9813,675,6983,448,2973,992,727 717,170157,120174,030161,017795
72、,948900,3551,281,2651,387,0681,284,6651,839,1191,511,4041,344,9671,443,3671,495,7061,479,2051,331,1491,275,8361,224,9941,341,330 1,652,8992,531,3962,608,2152,869,5273,839,2212,654,2912,208,3872,089,9921,507,6931,422,8831,349,9441,311,2751,394,7961,312,6261,235,5441,108,077953,207877,074893,228 9,068
73、49,12571,93173,539467,490889,260770,2201,271,3491,419,9091,437,5891,354,5411,490,2161,548,2141,582,8281,586,3421,370,7551,446,6551,346,2291,758,169 197019751980198519901995200020052010201420152016201720182019202020212022202310,2568,8189,4148,7989,1626,4754,3335,8564,7774,4985,2606,5436,6025,1314,876
74、3,1131,6571,6612,614 17,57211,01813,97312,77515,76310,82812,23811,8987,9987,4858,1278,9558,9918,5718,7106,2215,223 3,8195,796 27,82819,83623,38721,57324,92517,30316,57117,75412,77511,98313,38715,49815,59313,70213,5869,3346,8805,4808,410 104.287.497.5106.4105.997.0114.597.8101.6106.5111.7115.8100.687
75、.999.268.773.779.7153.5 4,100,4674,308,9315,015,5105,556,8347,777,4936,865,0345,963,0425,852,0674,956,1365,562,8885,046,5104,970,2585,234,1655,272,0675,195,2164,598,6154,448,3404,201,3204,779,086 106.9111.997.3102.2107.2105.2101.7100.0107.5103.590.798.5105.3100.798.588.596.794.4113.8 2,844,5543,720,
76、6304,002,1724,028,1325,975,0895,149,4144,095,1173,928,3513,229,7163,290,0983,150,3103,244,7983,390,8243,347,9433,284,8702,880,5272,795,8182,563,1843,034,167 104.9118.893.1101.3107.4104.8102.799.1110.6100.895.8103.0104.598.798.187.797.191.7118.4 1,255,913588,3011,013,3381,528,7021,802,4041,715,6201,8
77、67,9251,923,7161,726,4202,272,7901,896,2001,725,4601,843,3411,924,1241,910,3461,718,0881,652,5221,638,1361,744,919 111.782.1118.3104.8106.3106.299.7101.7102.3107.683.491.0106.8104.499.389.996.299.1106.5 1970197519801985199019952000200520102014201520162017201820192020202120222023Motor VehiclesNew Reg
78、istrations In vehicle units0123456782014Year202320152016201720182019202020212022TotalPassenger CarsTrucks&Buses NEW MINI-VEHICLE SALES BY TYPEIn vehicle unitsSubtotalChg.(%)YearMiniSmallStandardTrucks95.6100.7102.2104.793.7104.699.6101.8108.6106.296.098.9103.0104.2101.588.598.397.6104.1 1,693,5021,5
79、51,4542,137,9472,431,1782,649,9092,403,8251,686,5991,085,904731,094851,314817,234808,302832,195867,205880,539779,300765,762747,543777,949 538,743431,181839,3081,367,6851,006,456815,265586,660536,648441,755433,671384,796380,493399,974428,418431,141386,939376,686413,142403,589 986,673999,1551,144,1679
80、45,4841,449,6781,411,2961,015,313351,708187,642252,828259,936254,560255,836258,521267,007231,683231,295211,772230,670 168,086121,118154,472118,009193,775177,26484,626197,548101,697164,815172,502173,249176,385180,266182,391160,678157,781122,629143,690 SubtotalChg.(%)Chg.(%)Chg.(%)Chg.(%)MiniSmallStan
81、dardBusesTotalLargeSmallSubtotalYearNotes:1.Chassis-based through 2002,data compilation became vehicle registration number-based as of 2003.2.Truck figures include special-purpose vehicles(except large ones).3.Data includes imported cars.4.“Chg.(%)”means change from the previous year(with the previo
82、us years result indexed at 100).Passenger car and commercial vehicle demand in Japan in 2023 stood at 4.78 million units,a 13.8%increase from the previous year.Total passenger car sales expanded 15.8%from 2022 to 3.99 million units,with standard cars climbing 30.6%to 1.76 million units,small cars gr
83、owing 1.8%to 893,000 units,and minicars rising 9.5%to 1.34 million units.Meanwhile,sales of trucks grew 4.1%from 2022 to 778,000 units and sales of buses surged 53.5%to 8,400 units.Note:“Chg.(%)”means change from the previous year(with the previous years result indexed at 100).2001200220032004200520
84、06200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220231,273,5701,307,2961,291,8891,372,0831,387,0681,507,5981,447,1061,426,9791,283,4291,284,6651,138,7521,557,6811,690,1711,839,1191,511,4041,344,9671,443,3671,495,7061,479,2051,331,1491,275,8361,224,9941,341,330120,010101,78989,53277,
85、29777,54768,71457,50951,62242,93241,63033,02327,73025,19922,92918,53619,45616,37333,90752,54337,31028,96238,98440,913175,594163,412172,644183,995197,141204,838196,040185,806167,358180,505168,705198,843194,728194,431184,127185,927201,873208,822196,034174,479182,851206,008205,138284,346258,203250,6902
86、57,775261,960242,469219,164205,486194,452219,620180,665195,192202,893216,311182,133175,110181,728185,689182,564175,150164,873168,150157,5381,853,5201,830,7001,804,7551,891,1501,923,7162,023,6191,919,8191,869,8931,688,1711,726,4201,521,1451,979,4462,112,9912,272,7901,896,2001,725,4601,843,3411,924,12
87、41,910,3461,718,0881,652,5221,638,1361,744,919 98.998.898.6104.8101.7105.294.997.490.3102.388.1130.1106.7107.683.491.0106.8104.499.389.996.299.1106.5Standard143,690(3.1%)Buses8,410(0.2%)Total4,779,086(100%)Standard1,758,169(36.8%)Small893,228(18.7%)Mini1,341,330(28.0%)Mini403,589(8.4%)Small230,670(4
88、.8%)Passenger Cars3,992,727(83.5%)TotalVehiclesTotal Mini-VehiclesChg.(%)Source:Japan Mini Vehicles AssociationCommercialVehicles(“Bonnet”minivans)Passenger Cars(Minicars)CommercialVehicles(Cab-over-engineminivans)CommercialVehicles(Mini-trucks)TotalChg.(%)YearSources:Japan Automobile Dealers Associ
89、ation;Japan Mini Vehicles AssociationTrucks777,949(16.3%)5Motor VehiclesImported Vehicle SalesMotor VehiclesUsed Vehicle Sales TRENDS IN IMPORTED MOTOR VEHICLE SALESIn vehicle units1985199019952000200520102014201520162017201820192020202120222023YearTrucksPassenger CarsOtherTotalBuses5,722,5687,109,5
90、367,945,8678,213,9188,106,4606,539,4966,840,1746,786,8146,756,1226,937,5186,951,3986,988,1586,866,8676,731,0256,301,6516,434,916103.3104.7105.4103.5101.397.699.299.299.5102.7100.2100.598.398.093.6102.144,62054,11884,409173,475144,91087,23876,53674,21776,01375,94276,25188,14480,12778,80676,28076,2241
91、16.7107.3119.1105.2106.491.494.597.0102.499.9100.4115.690.998.496.899.911,65513,37713,32715,17318,87114,16312,53113,17313,20413,06613,25612,87912,19411,04010,72010,2321,854,3252,487,9802,281,4851,783,8511,589,5521,155,8231,100,2371,074,1991,050,1961,041,9331,054,1081,024,3341,037,0781,008,437950,464
92、946,4881,125,5451,746,4951,538,7181,169,626980,714732,854721,406700,589670,935656,703663,976641,894640,876615,311581,285574,615589,321555,634521,244412,511368,778245,642215,295211,480217,544218,601216,026213,975226,298220,661205,201207,261139,459185,851221,523201,714240,060177,327163,536162,130161,7
93、17166,629174,106168,465169,904172,465163,978164,612103.198.3105.4102.7109.592.697.7105.1100.299.0101.597.294.790.597.195.4Chg.(%)SubtotalMiniSmallStandardChg.(%)Chg.(%)108.3102.1102.299.1101.892.696.797.697.899.2101.297.2101.297.294.399.63,811,9684,554,0615,566,6466,241,4196,353,1275,282,2725,650,87
94、05,625,2255,616,7095,806,5775,807,7835,875,6805,737,4685,632,7425,264,1875,401,972356,726304,782727,2591,448,5461,890,1541,873,4662,367,2352,354,0772,322,5332,414,8742,449,9402,504,5762,394,9632,386,9632,225,0612,298,2333,295,0923,945,0863,845,0763,050,0872,460,4101,816,6961,653,2141,602,7191,564,98
95、21,588,7471,523,5371,485,3391,443,8891,373,1601,257,6591,231,246160,150304,193994,3111,742,7862,002,5631,592,1101,630,4211,668,4291,729,1941,802,9561,834,3061,885,7651,898,6161,872,6191,781,4671,872,493100.9106.2106.6104.8101.098.999.899.599.8103.4100.0101.297.698.293.5102.6Chg.(%)SubtotalMiniSmallS
96、tandardChg.(%)Notes:1.Passenger cars and trucks are classified under Japans Road Vehicles Act in three categories,based primarily on engine capacity:“standard”(over 2,000cc),“small”(661cc-2,000cc),and“mini”(660cc and under);see page 23 for details.2.Includes imported vehicles.3.“Other”refers to emer
97、gency vehicles,special vehicles equipped with beds,refrigerated trucks,tank trucks,tractors,bulldozers,steamrollers,snowplows,snowmobiles,etc.,that are assigned special registration numbers.4.“Chg.(%)”means change from the previous year(with the previous years result indexed at 100).Sources:Japan Au
98、tomobile Dealers Association;Japan Mini Vehicles AssociationVehicles produced by non-Japanese manufacturersPassenger CarsCommercial VehiclesVehicles produced by Japanese manufacturers abroadPassenger CarsCommercial Vehicles246,7351,594248,32930,74132,29763,038277,47633,891311,367100.5Year20232022Veh
99、icles produced by non-Japanese manufacturersVehicles produced by Japanesemanufacturers abroadPassenger Cars TotalCommercial Vehicles TotalGrand TotalsChg.(%)Passenger CarsCommercial VehiclesTotalPassenger CarsCommercial VehiclesTotal100,0000200,000300,000400,000 IMPORTED MOTOR VEHICLES(ON CUSTOMS CL
100、EARANCE BASIS)In vehicle unitsYearPassengerCarsChg.(%)CommercialVehiclesOtherTotal MotorVehiclesChg.(%)MotorcyclesNote:“Chg.(%)”means change from the previous year(with the previous years result indexed at 100).Source:Japan Automobile Importers AssociationNotes:1.“Other”denotes special-purpose vehic
101、les and engine-mounted chassis.2.“Chg.(%)”means change from the previous year(with the previous years result indexed at 100).Source:Trade Statistics of Japan,Ministry of Finance1980198519901995200020052010201420152016201720182019202020212022202346,28552,225251,169401,836283,582282,654230,791336,7643
102、20,295331,207336,950358,221335,766282,606306,820279,469320,72571.4118.3128.6136.0109.298.6158.498.095.1103.4101.7106.393.784.2108.691.1114.85473809112,4691,4701,42011,92216,66215,87317,45520,09126,63324,93824,03630,89733,08437,5321,0855467613903766607801,27882065167283997162267159693547,91753,151252
103、,841404,695285,428284,734243,493354,704336,988349,313357,713385,693361,675307,264338,388313,149359,19272.2118.4128.6130.3109.398.4156.798.295.0103.7102.4107.893.885.0110.192.5114.717,0157,08728,69643,93674,906444,635353,260410,143353,519341,254458,415540,008585,578707,491873,855854,893836,639 USED I
104、MPORTED VEHICLE SALESIn vehicle unitsYearChg.(%)Chg.(%)Chg.(%)Chg.(%)TotalOtherSpecial-PurposeVehiclesTrucksPassengerCarsNotes:1.For motor vehicle classifications in Japan,see page 23.2.“Other”includes buses,large special-purpose vehicles and small-sized three-wheeled trucks.3.“Chg.(%)”means change
105、from the previous year(with the previous years result indexed at 100).2014201520162017201820192020202120222023504,359514,363531,335560,038565,190577,671599,081580,210555,404556,19899.3102.0103.3105.4100.9102.2103.796.995.7100.118517120216218419515515927625483.992.185.094.994.492.2103.098.895.997.03,
106、9633,6493,1032,9462,7802,5622,6382,6072,5002,42598.2101.4102.4101.699.4103.4111.598.3103.6106.115,15615,37315,73615,98415,89016,43318,31918,00518,65519,79099.4102.1103.5105.6101.0102.2103.596.895.4100.0485,055495,170512,294540,946546,336558,481577,969559,439533,973533,729Source:Japan Automobile Impo
107、rters Association TRENDS IN NEW AND USED MOTORVEHICLE SALESx 1 million unitsUsed vehiclesNew vehicles USED VEHICLE SALES BY TYPE IN 2023In vehicle units USED MOTOR VEHICLE SALESIn vehicle units0123456789102014Year202320222015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021311,000 New Imported Vehicles Sold in TotalSa
108、les of new imported vehicles in Japan in 2023 totalled 311,000 units,up 0.5%from the previous year,with new passenger cars dropping 0.2%to 277,000 units but new commercial vehicles(trucks and buses)climbing 6.9%to 34,000 units.Meanwhile,sales of used imported vehicles increased 0.1%from the previous
109、 year to 556,000 units,with used passenger cars roughly the same at 534,000 units but used trucks rising 6.1%to 20,000 units.Used Vehicle Sales Total 6.4 Million UnitsIn 2023 sales of used motor vehicles increased 2.1%from the previous year to 6.43 million units.Used passenger car sales totalled 5.4
110、0 million units,growing 2.6%from the previous year,with standard cars and minicars rising 5.1%and 3.3%to 1.87 million units and 2.30 million units,respectively,but small cars dropping 2.1%to 1.23 million units.Meanwhile,sales of used trucks slipped 0.4%to 946,000 units and sales of used buses dipped
111、 4.6%to 10,000 units.Mini574,615(8.9%)Small207,261(3.2%)Standard164,612(2.6%)Other76,224(1.2%)Total6,434,916(100%)Standard1,872,493(29.1%)Small1,231,246(19.1%)Mini2,298,233(35.7%)Buses10,232(0.2%)Passenger Cars5,401,972(83.9%)Trucks946,488(14.7%)20142015201620172018201920202021294,0601,054295,11433,
112、54715,01248,559327,60716,066343,673104.6284,4711,025285,49628,61014,51643,126313,08115,541328,62297.8288,8301,366290,19630,84714,91745,764319,67716,283335,96097.1240,7581,468242,22637,28930,24467,533278,04731,712309,75989.9258,6371,115259,75256,35228,44884,800314,98929,563344,552108.4305,0431,045306
113、,08828,40816,52444,932333,45117,569351,020102.1308,3891,016309,40534,38122,48056,861342,77023,496366,266104.3298,3781,061299,43927,88320,99448,877326,26122,055348,31695.1254,4041,692256,09642,90918,92861,837297,31320,620317,93391.36103.7 MOTOR VEHICLES IN USE(at end of every calendar year)TRENDS IN
114、MOTOR VEHICLES IN USEx 1 million units PASSENGER CARS IN USE BY YEAR OF FIRST REGISTRATIONIn vehicle units MOTOR VEHICLES IN USE BY TYPE AT END OF 2023In vehicle unitsTrucks14,426,555(18.3%)Small3,512,998(4.5%)Mini8,447,004(10.7%)Special-Purpose Vehicles1,798,264(2.3%)Motor VehiclesMotor Vehicles in
115、 Use and Motor Vehicle Density In vehicle units080706050403020102014Year202320152016201720182019202020212022Total78,755,861(100%)Mini23,396,129(29.7%)Small17,998,838(22.9%)Standard20,925,199(26.6%)Standard2,466,553(3.1%)Buses210,876(0.3%)Passenger Cars62,320,166(79.1%)Notes:1.“Special-Purpose Vehicl
116、es”refers to emergency vehicles,special vehicles equipped with beds,refrigerated trucks,tank trucks,tractors,bulldozers,steamrollers,snowplows,snowmobiles,etc.,that are identified as special-purpose vehicles by special registration numbers.2.“Three-Wheeled Vehicles”includes three-wheeled passenger c
117、ars,trucks,and special-purpose vehicles.3.“Chg.(%)”means change from the previous year(with the previous years result indexed at 100).6.05.86.26.66.86.66.55.85.66.15.54.74.24.12.82.62.212.11002,321,1852,252,9162,428,4552,571,4062,639,6372,552,7452,544,9462,238,0712,167,8902,359,4482,136,1171,815,136
118、1,620,7951,581,9721,091,1501,003,266842,1434,715,13938,882,417 April 2022-March 2023April 2021-March 2022April 2020-March 2021April 2019-March 2020April 2018-March 2019April 2017-March 2018April 2016-March 2017April 2015-March 2016April 2014-March 2015April 2013-March 2014April 2012-March 2013April
119、2011-March 2012April 2010-March 2011April 2009-March 2010April 2008-March 2009April 2007-March 2008April 2006-March 2007-March 2006Total“Vehicles in Use”TotalPassenger CarsTrucks,Buses&Special-Purpose Vehicles(Mini-trucks)(Minicars)Source:Ministry of Land,Infrastructure,Transport and TourismTrailers
120、Three-WheeledVehicles%of“Vehiclesin Use”TotalVehicles in UseYear ofFirst Registration AVERAGE AGE BY TYPEIn years20132014201520162017201820192020202120222023Year8.078.138.298.448.538.608.658.728.849.039.22Passenger Cars10.7310.9311.0911.2311.3211.4111.4211.4411.5311.6711.84Trucks11.3811.5611.7611.87
121、11.8411.8111.8311.8612.0712.3912.76Buses AVERAGE SERVICE LIFE BY TYPEIn years20132014201520162017201820192020202120222023Year12.5812.6412.3812.7612.9113.2413.2613.5113.8713.8413.42Passenger Cars13.2413.3113.7213.8914.3714.7215.1715.3115.7315.8415.96Trucks17.9117.6316.9516.8317.3917.6918.3618.3118.38
122、19.7420.41BusesNotes:1.“Average age”means the average number of years elapsed since first registration.2.“Average service life”means average vehicle lifespan.3.“Average age”and“average service life”figures are as at the end of every fiscal year.4.The above three tables exclude mini-vehicles.Source:A
123、utomobile Inspection&Registration Information Association050100150200 1.Fukui 2.Toyama 3.Yamagata 4.Gunma 5.Tochigi 6.Nagano 7.Ibaraki 8.Gifu 9.Fukushima10.Niigata 11.Yamanashi12.Saga13.Ishikawa 14.Tottori15.Mie 16.Shimane 17.Iwate18.Akita19.Shizuoka20.Tokushima21.Okayama22.Shiga23.Kagawa 24.Kumamot
124、o 25.Okinawa26.Miyazaki 27.Oita 28.Miyagi 29.Yamaguchi30.Aichi31.Wakayama 32.Aomori33.Kagoshima34.Ehime35.Kochi36.Nagasaki 37.Hiroshima 38.Nara 39.Fukuoka40.Hokkaido41.Chiba42.Saitama43.Hyogo 44.Kyoto 45.Kanagawa 46.Osaka 47.Tokyo National AverageSource:Automobile Inspection&Registration Information
125、 AssociationA Total of 78.76 Million Motor Vehicles in UseAt the end of December 2023,motor vehicles in use in Japan(excluding motorcycles)totalled 78.76 million units,a 0.3%increase from the previous year.Passenger cars in use grew 0.3%to 62.32 million units,with standard cars and minicars rising 2
126、.1%and 0.9%to 20.93 million units and 23.40 million units,respectively,but small cars dropping 2.7%to 18.00 million units.Whereas trucks in use increased 0.4%to 14.43 million units compared to the previous year,buses in use fell 1.2%from 2022 to 210,900 units.At the end of March 2023,the average ser
127、vice life of motor vehicles in Japan was 13.42 years for passenger cars,15.96 years for trucks,and 20.41 years for buses.At March 31,2023Passenger Cars126.6108.7104.4102.6107.1104.7102.5102.0100.6101.1100.5100.7100.7100.4100.2100.1100.0100.0100.3 8,778,97217,236,32123,659,52027,844,58034,924,17244,6
128、80,03752,437,37557,090,78958,347,38760,667,51760,987,34261,403,63061,803,11862,025,91662,140,47562,194,25562,164,35662,157,601 62,320,166 2,244,4172,611,1302,176,1102,016,4872,584,9265,775,3869,901,25814,201,71417,986,98220,978,42421,504,19921,850,27522,160,84722,444,05322,678,32622,857,85922,988,16
129、923,177,282 23,396,129 6,457,18114,417,68021,011,09625,116,17930,554,65231,030,46228,593,49126,254,54623,470,00321,974,74121,547,28221,195,62120,842,55820,383,19719,858,36119,414,01418,920,09918,491,389 17,998,838 77,374207,511472,314711,9141,784,5947,874,18913,942,62616,634,52916,890,40217,714,3521
130、7,935,86118,357,73418,799,71319,198,66619,603,78819,922,38220,256,08820,488,930 20,925,199 1970197519801985199019952000200520102014201520162017201820192020202120222023104,895102,186106,633108,967114,819114,478110,046109,917108,136108,545110,096112,011112,672112,627112,169108,999106,083104,265 103,25
131、1 83,085124,098123,387122,261130,849128,617125,437121,816119,135118,399119,293120,310120,794120,596119,997116,030112,246109,127 107,625 187,980226,284230,020231,228245,668243,095235,483231,733227,271226,944229,389232,321233,466233,223232,166225,029218,329213,392 210,876 110.5101.7100.4100.5101.699.1
132、99.9100.399.5100.5101.1101.3100.599.999.596.997.097.7 98.8 333,132584,100789,155941,6471,206,3901,500,2191,750,7331,630,0621,502,5931,669,0191,684,3821,702,6161,720,1181,734,1851,746,7651,759,1801,772,7121,783,395 1,798,264 110.5101.7100.4100.5101.699.199.998.899.2100.9100.9101.1101.0100.8100.7100.7
133、100.8100.6 100.8 17,581,84328,090,55837,856,17446,157,26157,697,66966,853,50072,649,09975,686,45575,361,87677,188,46677,404,33177,750,52078,077,86978,289,43778,416,59178,461,95378,452,91178,523,680 78,755,861 116.2104.9104.5103.7104.7102.8101.3101.4100.0100.7100.3100.4100.4100.3100.2100.1100.0100.1
134、100.3 23,07939,80856,80465,48587,359120,171133,676147,626152,834159,863162,350165,769169,989174,657180,662185,088189,711194,255 197,943 243,93447,99817,7246,1234,0563,6213,8273,2803,12016,37617,39118,49419,45720,42521,42022,59823,96224,936 25,578 19701975198019851990199520002005201020142015201620172
135、01820192020202120222023SubtotalChg.(%)YearMiniSmallStandardTrucks107.198.9104.8105.5101.198.997.899.798.299.599.299.499.499.8100.099.9100.1100.5 100.4 8,281,75910,043,85313,177,47917,139,80621,321,43920,430,14918,225,50816,733,87115,284,62514,624,98614,503,21814,411,95314,321,16714,296,11314,297,185
136、14,283,48914,297,51414,369,292 14,426,555 3,005,0172,785,1824,527,7948,791,28912,535,41511,642,31110,154,4279,665,1309,177,2828,748,6538,634,6378,539,7018,448,5058,407,2298,376,3268,353,7998,349,0648,411,502 8,447,004 4,478,4866,100,2067,155,2216,679,6656,609,5366,213,4055,474,6604,594,3633,825,6323
137、,581,8843,552,3733,535,0223,516,3833,506,0073,507,3083,497,2273,497,8433,501,679 3,512,998 798,2561,158,4651,494,4641,668,8522,176,4882,574,4332,596,4212,474,3782,281,7112,294,4492,316,2082,337,2302,356,2792,382,8772,413,5512,432,4632,450,6072,456,111 2,466,553 SubtotalChg.(%)Chg.(%)Chg.(%)Chg.(%)Mi
138、niSmallStandardBusesSpecial-Purpose VehiclesTotalLargeSmallSubtotalYear PRIVATE PASSENGER CARS IN USE PER 100 HOUSEHOLDS BY PREFECTURE (at March 31,2023)169.8 164.0 163.5 158.5 156.3 154.9 153.6 153.0 152.8 151.3 150.7 149.0 146.2 143.9 143.0 139.0 138.1 136.7 136.3 134.4 134.3 133.8 132.2 129.7 128
139、.4 127.5 127.0 125.5 123.6 123.2 122.2 121.4 118.0 113.2 112.7 110.3 109.5 107.2 104.5 99.3 94.0 93.3 89.0 79.6 67.8 62.3 41.6 102.57 MOTOR VEHICLE EXPORTS TRENDS IN MOTOR VEHICLE EXPORTSNote:“Chg.(%)”means change from the previous year(with the previous years result indexed at 100).x 1 million unit
140、s MOTOR VEHICLE EXPORTS BY TYPE IN 2023In vehicle unitsMotor Vehicle Exports Total 4.42 Million UnitsMotor VehiclesExports MOTOR VEHICLE EXPORT TRENDS BY DESTINATION In vehicle units In vehicle units012345672014Year202320152016201720182019202020212022TotalPassenger CarsTrucks&BusesNotes:1.Figures re
141、present ex-factory export shipments of motor vehicles manufactured in Japan,which are classified in the above categories as per Japanese law,including the Road Vehicles Act.2.Vehicle type classification in this table differs somewhat from that used in Ministry of Finance export data.3.KD sets have b
142、een excluded since 1979;they represent less than 60%of the cost of compositional components per vehicle and have been treated as components since 1988.4.Since December 2017,export figures from one JAMA member manufacturer have not been available.5.“Chg.(%)”means change from the previous year(with th
143、e previous years result indexed at 100).Exports of motor vehicles in 2023 totalled 4.42 million units.Whereas passenger car and bus exports rose 19.8%and20.6%to 3.98 million units and 103,000 units,respectively,truck exports fell 16.0%from the previous year to 341,000 units.AsiaMiddle East Europe(EU
144、)North America(U.S.A.)Latin America AfricaOceaniaOtherTotalChg.(%)574,986490,027775,093548,2531,719,2611,485,641276,923106,631468,64311,1184,422,682116.0Year2014201520162017201820192020202120222023 Asia Middle East Europe North America Latin America Africa Oceania Other(EU)(U.S.A.)1,000,0002,000,000
145、3,000,0004,000,0005,000,0006,000,0007,000,0000Source:Japan Automobile Manufacturers AssociationStandard321,546(7.3%)Buses103,401(2.3%)Total4,422,682(100%)Standard3,735,781(84.5%)Small216,052(4.9%)Mini26,308(0.6%)Mini40(0.0%)Small19,554(0.4%)Passenger Cars3,978,141(89.9%)Trucks341,140(7.7%)Passenger
146、Cars272,549643,2321,548,2511,029,757364,376236,92986,32989,94652,90879,61474,24544,13842,28719,0829,78715,28128,20729,56519,55465,170168,370332,2571,196,973944,737612,654530,823521,848397,404408,859392,531339,821326,120331,004315,186244,598350,800376,561321,546129.5105.8127.2111.2101.886.2101.0103.5
147、133.294.3103.5103.7102.4103.3100.377.998.898.6119.8725,5861,827,2863,947,1604,426,7624,482,1302,896,2163,795,8524,363,1684,275,3663,835,5953,970,0034,118,4324,218,4294,357,7824,372,6453,407,9993,367,5903,321,3853,978,14110,1365,45121,1241,301168,0445202922,7552,4564,5055,3673,0767,0183,1637,34964,40
148、354,86926,3083,580,6233,932,4143,138,1471,732,0501,462,0691,198,273818,660239,198205,727241,206270,707230,684231,404235,158175,376176,239216,052715,4501,821,835345,413493,0471,343,9671,156,1222,333,2633,164,6033,453,9513,593,9413,759,7713,871,8593,944,6464,120,0804,138,0783,165,4923,127,8113,090,277
149、3,735,7811970197519801985199019952000200520102014201520162017201820192020202120222023TrucksBusesTotal13,89222,07173,17711,3748276718162000005000040351,611833,6731,953,6852,238,1041,309,121849,859617,870611,956450,312488,473466,776383,959368,407350,091324,973259,879379,007406,126341,140120.995.3137.2
150、108.090.682.8100.889.0142.7103.595.682.392.880.0145.8107.2 84.0 9,57916,65366,11665,60639,96144,73441,16377,937115,782141,556141,299131,642119,012109,597120,51472,95472,31385,728103,401141.6104.3179.4116.7113.760.8107.3139.6125.8103.499.893.2110.060.599.1118.6120.61,086,7762,677,6125,966,9616,730,47
151、25,831,2123,790,8094,454,8855,053,0614,841,4604,465,6244,578,0784,634,0334,705,8484,817,4704,818,1323,740,8323,818,9103,813,2394,422,682126.7102.3130.8110.299.185.0101.0101.9133.995.5102.5101.2100.077.6102.199.9116.01970197519801985199019952000200520102014201520162017201820192020202120222023SmallSta
152、ndardSubtotalChg.(%)Chg.(%)Chg.(%)Chg.(%)YearMiniSmallStandardYearMiniSubtotal611,446346,405588,648324,1541,495,8831,331,718217,631115,367435,3818,1493,818,910102.1560,304625,708744,138452,3221,662,1601,537,676306,117183,860375,6727,6654,465,62495.5529,291684,886737,518524,7701,749,2081,604,446310,0
153、01168,234390,8918,0494,578,078102.5586,954500,325818,931611,5591,898,9131,735,480294,378134,497393,4576,5784,634,033101.2601,204443,963864,518646,6791,925,3561,736,765320,236108,845434,4587,2684,705,848635,045476,157885,705646,9431,929,7811,731,025323,591119,549438,3629,2804,817,470651,814464,195980
154、,516770,5121,919,8351,726,139286,374123,842383,2618,2954,818,132100.0559,998325,027675,630396,4511,532,2471,384,998177,86499,469362,7857,8123,740,83277.6597,296425,423555,007354,3521,429,6041,283,934260,108118,940417,5329,3293,813,23999.982.41 million units100,000 units10,000 units MOTOR VEHICLE EXP
155、ORT TRENDS BY DESTINATIONIn vehicle units MOTOR VEHICLE EXPORTS BY DESTINATION IN 2023In vehicle unitsMotor VehiclesExports by Destination21,156202,99382,1096,7071,8804,52024,36913,15116,1521134,639407,6878,902150,83042,79917,39435,60975,37418,13357,064406,10522,7968,28818,14520,40639,46896,98547,07
156、642,66814,05558,54015,4272,39654,016440,26612,644126,15413,671016,31515,8962,678627,624233,0381,444,4241,677,46263,61035,90511,4904,0527,42620,9187,69832,971184,0708972,5691,28112712,59117,90735,372351,00437,0585,559393,6213,8403,735,781AsiaMiddle EastEuropeNorth AmericaLatin AmericaAfricaOceaniaOth
157、er Grand Totals South KoreaChinaTaiwanHong KongThailandSingaporeMalaysiaPhilippinesIndonesiaPakistanOtherSubtotalBahrainSaudi ArabiaKuwaitOmanIsraelUnited Arab EmiratesQatarOtherSubtotalSwedenDenmarkNetherlandsBelgiumFranceGermanySpainItalyFinlandPolandAustriaGreeceOtherSubtotalNorwayUKSwitzerlandRu
158、ssiaTurkeyUkraineOtherSubtotalCanadaU.S.A.SubtotalMexicoPuerto RicoColombiaEcuadorPeruChileBrazilOtherSubtotalAlgeriaEgyptNigeriaKenyaSouth AfricaOtherSubtotalAustraliaNew ZealandOtherSubtotal005,3363,736522,2764,3171,0741,1804,46445722,8921023182163233,0981,3514586306,4964522,6644,6422,36015,05415,
159、1521,99525,7892112,1542,6403,5667,10583,78410123,5512,60302,331284209112,86300023,97502,1663,2793271,4698764,25436,346000452,0701,3783,49322,05310,92084433,817145216,0520002690000026,0182126,308000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000026,30821,156202,99387,44510,7121,9326,79628,68614,2
160、2517,33230,49335,117456,8879,004151,14843,01517,71738,70776,72518,59157,694412,60123,24810,95222,78722,76654,522112,13749,07168,45714,26660,69418,0675,96261,121524,05012,745149,70516,274018,64616,1802,887740,487233,0381,444,4241,677,46287,58535,90513,6567,3317,75322,3878,57437,225220,4168972,5691,28
161、117214,66119,28538,865373,05747,9786,403427,4383,9853,978,141227010,3352,4328,9442,27517,4147,91720,58346811,55182,1461,04429,9422,3385,3771,0368,49494113,63462,8062363151573562,5582,90170211,5812746299585203,01624,20303,25517305,7001,05022534,60658241,21741,79913,405813,5841,8603,6871,279016,82740,
162、72303,8595934,6988,56321,77839,49126,3024,1334,37534,8104,759341,140004194269,489288217,2566,2904041,37935,9538552,7592,1881,87202,6938593,39414,62000000000000000000000000007,31102625141,2071306,47715,78401,99180645318,3196,70628,2752,7523993,2446,3952,374103,40121,383202,99398,19913,57020,3659,3594
163、6,10239,39844,20531,36548,047574,98610,903183,84947,54124,96639,74387,91220,39174,722490,02723,48411,26722,94423,12257,080115,03849,77380,03814,54061,32319,0256,48264,137548,25312,745152,96016,447024,34617,2303,112775,093233,6201,485,6411,719,261108,30135,98617,5029,70512,64723,6798,57460,529276,923
164、8978,4192,6805,32341,54347,769106,631402,11152,51014,022468,64311,1184,422,682Note:The“Total”figure includes 11,118 units(0.3%)shipped to other destinations.of which U.S.A.1,485,641(33.6%)NorthAmerica1,719,261(38.9%)of which EU 548,253(12.4%)Europe775,093(17.5%)MiddleEast490,027(11.1%)Asia574,986(13
165、.0%)Oceania468,643(10.6%)LatinAmerica276,923(6.3%)Africa106,631(2.4%)Total4,422,682(100%)In%2014YearAsiaMiddle EastLatin America AfricaOceaniaOtherEurope(EU)NorthAmerica(U.S.A.)202320152016201720182019202020212022Source:Japan Automobile Manufacturers AssociationPassenger CarsStandardSmallMiniSubtota
166、lTrucksBusesDestinationTotalStandardSmallMiniSubtotalEUA Rise in Motor Vehicle Exports to Almost All DestinationsMotor vehicle exports increased in 2023 from the previous year to North America(1.72 million units),Europe(775,100 units),the Middle East(490,000 units),Oceania(469,000 units),and Latin A
167、merica(277,000 units),but decreased to Asia(575,000 units)and Africa(107,000 units).Note:Since December 2017,export figures from one JAMA member manufacturer have not been available.Note:The UK was counted as part of the EU through January 2020,but as part of Europe from February 2020 onwards.MOTOR
168、VEHICLE EXPORTS BY DESTINATION&BY VEHICLE TYPE IN 20232.312.56.94.18.414.011.66.83.78.515.012.76.32.98.510.80.10.10.212.86.82.39.29.42.513.26.72.59.19.92.613.55.92.68.09.60.20.20.216.737.2(34.4)16.7(10.1)38.2(35.0)16.1(11.5)41.0(37.5)40.9(36.9)18.4(13.7)40.0(35.9)18.4(13.4)39.8(35.8)20.4(16.0)17.7(1
169、3.2)18.02.715.016.04.75.72.73.03.041.0(37.0)39.2(34.9)9.711.48.79.118.0(10.6)15.415.76.83.137.5(33.7)10.911.214.6(9.3)0.20.20.213.02.46.338.9(33.6)10.611.117.5(12.4)0.315.4(8.5)227010,3352,4328,9441,43716,7907,91720,54346811,55180,6441,04429,9422,3385,3771,0368,49494113,63462,80600000008,892021001,7
170、3610,64901,217005,7001,050018,61658241,21741,79913,405813,5841,8603,6871,279015,97539,87103,1875934,6988,19521,69438,36726,3024,1334,24934,6844,759321,5460000083862400001,4620000000002363151573562,5582,9017022,6892746089585201,28013,55402,03817300022515,9900000000000852852067200368841,12400126126019
171、,554000000004000400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000409MotorcyclesProduction MotorcyclesSales MOTORCYCLE PRODUCTION TRENDS IN MOTORCYCLE PRODUCTIONx 1 million units MOTORCYCLE PRODUCTION BY ENGINE CAPACITY IN 2023In vehicle unitsOver 50cc895,5991,030,8222,493,9102,014,8501,343,2
172、20951,803636,546298,54987,51376,56966,43899,319130,149140,921131,013122,209142,412152,54793,1011970197519801985199019952000200520102014201520162017201820192020202120222023 In vehicle units00.80.60.40.22014Year202320152022TotalOver 50cc50cc&UnderTotal682,828(100%)126cc-250cc54,237(8.0%)Over 250cc483,
173、148(70.7%)50cc&Under93,101(13.6%)51cc-125cc52,342(7.7%)Motor-Driven Cycles Class 1(50cc&Under)1,407,2051,887,7012,181,2061,373,423686,7341,038,938630,221260,34380,63031,52930,88631,46533,66559,45147,94538,50454,28054,70352,342259,145331,733660,831469,728270,304217,738297,433279,274108,95093,53676,94
174、573,19478,99361,65854,68253,93958,00153,56454,237385,723552,2911,098,577678,346506,637544,760851,191953,419387,082395,424348,125356,558404,176389,854333,736269,944392,261434,154483,1482,052,0732,771,7253,940,6142,521,4971,463,6751,801,4361,778,8451,493,036576,662520,489455,956461,217516,834510,96343
175、6,363362,387504,542542,421589,7272,947,6723,802,5476,434,5244,536,347 2,806,8952,753,2392,415,3911,791,585664,175597,058522,394560,536646,983651,884567,376484,596646,954694,968682,828114.484.3143.8112.7100.4101.0107.3103.0103.0106.087.5107.3115.4100.887.085.4133.5107.498.3Motor-Driven Cycles Class 2
176、(51cc-125cc)Mini-Sized Motorcycles(126cc-250cc)Small-Sized Motorcycles(Over 250cc)SubtotalTotalChg.(%)YearNotes:1.KD sets have been excluded since 1979;they represent less than 60%of the cost of compositional components per vehicle and have been treated as components since 1988.2.“Chg.(%)”means chan
177、ge from the previous year(with the previous years result indexed at 100).00.80.60.40.2Source:Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association MOTORCYCLE SALES TRENDS IN MOTORCYCLE SALESx 1 million units MOTORCYCLE SALES BY ENGINE CAPACITY IN 2023In vehicle unitsOver 50cc1,978,4261,646,1151,213,512884,7185
178、58,459470,922231,247228,918193,842162,130174,259143,129132,086122,416127,736131,34092,82419801985199019952000200520102014201520162017201820192020202120222023 In vehicle units2014Year202320152016201720182019202020212022TotalTotal405,216(100%)51cc-125cc149,655(36.9%)126cc-250cc71,648(17.7%)Over 250cc9
179、1,089(22.5%)50cc&Under92,824(22.9%)Motor-Driven Cycles Class 1(50cc&Under)200,238130,574169,618138,115102,11688,74796,36896,24994,851101,42488,765105,536105,403101,737125,674101,678149,65580,799167,213165,692104,17575,887102,03837,64554,31051,27746,42956,58657,22958,35974,39278,91171,29471,64897,281
180、143,324103,876115,43083,96376,84158,10870,15166,62162,90864,00363,22066,45667,37983,571100,88991,089378,318441,111439,186357,720261,966267,626192,121220,710212,749210,761209,354225,985230,218243,508288,156273,861312,3922,356,7442,087,2261,652,6981,242,438820,425738,548423,368449,628406,591372,891383
181、,613369,114362,304365,924415,892405,201405,216122.0101.598.1102.293.6100.797.797.690.491.7102.996.298.2101.0113.797.4100.0Motor-Driven Cycles Class 2(51cc-125cc)Mini-Sized Motorcycles(126cc-250cc)Small-Sized Motorcycles(Over 250cc)SubtotalTotalChg.(%)YearNotes:1.Motor-driven cycle(Class 1 and Class
182、2)figures represent shipments to domestic dealers.2.Figures for mini-sized and small-sized motorcycles include imported motorcycles.3.“Chg.(%)”means change from the previous year(with the previous years result indexed at 100).Sources:Japan Mini Vehicles Association;Japan Automobile Manufacturers Ass
183、ociationMotorcycle Production Totals 683,000 UnitsOverall domestic motorcycle production in 2023 declined 1.7%from the previous year to 683,000 units.By engine capacity,Class 1 motor-driven cycles(50cc and under)fell 39.0%to 93,000 units and Class 2 motor-driven cycles(51cc to 125cc)dropped 4.3%to 5
184、2,000 units,but mini-sized motorcycles(126cc to 250cc)rose 1.3%to 54,000 units and small-sized motorcycles(over 250cc)climbed 11.3%to 483,000 units.The combined total for larger motorcycles(all those over 50cc)increased 8.7%to 590,000 units.Motorcycle Sales Total 405,000 UnitsDomestic motorcycle sal
185、es in 2023 finished at 405,000 units.By engine capacity,whereas sales of Class 1 motor-driven cycles(50cc and under)dropped 29.3%to 93,000 units and small-sized motorcycles(over 250cc)declined 9.7%to 91,000 units,Class 2 motor-driven cycles(51cc to 125cc)surged 47.2%to 150,000 units and mini-sized m
186、otorcycles(126cc to 250cc)grew 0.5%to 72,000 units.Overall sales of motorcycles with engine capacity over 50cc totalled 312,000 units,an increase of 14.1%from 2022.50cc&UnderOver 50cc20162017201820192020202110 TRENDS IN MOTORCYCLE EXPORTSx 1 million units MOTORCYCLE EXPORTS BY ENGINE CAPACITY IN 202
187、3 In vehicle units00.80.60.40.22014Year202320152016201720182019202020212022TotalOver 50cc50cc&UnderTotal518,259(100%)51cc-125cc28,243(5.4%)126cc-250cc49,574(9.6%)Over 250cc420,373(81.1%)50cc&Under20,069(3.9%)0161284Motorcycle Exports Total 518,000 UnitsMotorcycle exports in 2023 grew 6.5%from the pr
188、evious year to 518,000 units.By engine capacity,whereas exports of Class 1 motor-driven cycles,Class 2 motor-driven cycles,and mini-sized motorcycles declined 20.2%,26.1%,and 4.2%to 20,000 units,28,000 units,and 50,000 units,respectively,exports of small-sized motorcycles climbed 13.1%to 420,000 uni
189、ts.MOTORCYCLE EXPORTSOver 50cc326,815288,843501,027369,167147,30161,62782,03857,86011,52212,77811,76116,03116,55917,02516,12215,57125,93825,14120,0691970197519801985199019952000200520102014201520162017201820192020202120222023 In vehicle unitsMotor-Driven Cycles Class 1(50cc&Under)914,3251,546,1701,9
190、07,4811,350,412507,840691,433549,040197,37848,97629,77130,82330,18125,39530,99924,32925,23335,09538,21428,243187,185328,313548,306296,865117,222129,961204,591177,82485,50663,89159,85159,80558,61153,89548,51640,90652,90151,75749,574309,277527,344972,226525,038411,381442,689805,508899,161347,460359,14
191、4315,214322,602362,558354,839307,412230,288323,108371,701420,3731,410,7872,401,8273,428,0132,172,3151,036,4431,264,0831,559,1391,274,363481,942452,806405,888412,588446,564439,733380,257296,427411,104461,672498,1901,737,6022,690,6703,929,0402,541,4821,183,7441,325,7101,641,1771,332,223493,464465,5844
192、17,649428,619463,123456,758396,379311,998437,042486,813518,259133.883.0144.0119.7107.394.2116.1100.490.7108.089.7102.6108.198.686.878.7140.1111.4106.5Motor-Driven Cycles Class 2(51cc-125cc)Mini-Sized Motorcycles(126cc-250cc)Small-Sized Motorcycles(Over 250cc)SubtotalTotalChg.(%)YearNotes:1.Figures r
193、epresent ex-factory export shipments of motorcycles manufactured in Japan.2.Class 2 motor-driven cycles include three-wheeled motor-driven cycles.3.KD sets have been excluded since 1979;they represent less than 60%of the cost of compositional components per vehicle and have been treated as component
194、s since 1988.4.“Chg.(%)”means change from the previous year(with the previous years result indexed at 100).Source:Japan Automobile Manufacturers AssociationMotorcyclesMotorcycles in UseMotorcyclesExports TRENDS IN MOTORCYCLES IN USE(at March 31 yearly)x 1 million units MOTORCYCLES IN USE BY ENGINE C
195、APACITY(at March 31,2023)In vehicle unitsTotal10,302,276(100%)51cc-125cc2,009,621(19.5%)Over 250cc1,872,776(18.2%)TotalOver 50cc50cc&Under10.30 Million Motorcycles in UseAt March 31,2023,motorcycles in use in Japan totalled 10.30 million units,down 0.1%from the previous year.By engine capacity,where
196、as Class 1 motor-driven cycles,accounting for 42%of all motorcycles in use,dropped 3.5%to 4.33 million units in 2023,Class 2 motor-driven cycles,mini-sized motorcycles,and small-sized motorcycles in use rose 3.0%,1.4%,and 3.4%to 2.01 million units,2.09 million units,and 1.87 million units,respective
197、ly.Thus,motorcycles over 50cc in use increased 2.6%,to a total of 5.97 million units.MOTORCYCLES IN USE(at March 31 yearly)Over 50cc3,727,4264,851,1408,794,33514,609,39913,539,26911,165,3909,643,4878,566,6137,448,8626,438,0026,188,7105,899,2765,615,3605,353,4735,103,3954,853,1314,652,6864,489,4014,3
198、31,3371970197519801985199019952000200520102014201520162017201820192020202120222023 In vehicle unitsMotor-Driven Cycles Class 1(50cc&Under)4,431,7453,132,8182,281,0061,747,9571,517,2281,421,0311,337,3951,353,7321,511,4401,674,8841,704,0831,717,0921,737,9111,752,2781,787,1331,818,3571,872,4911,950,858
199、2,009,621583,316492,307506,5671,047,4261,669,7711,823,4461,704,5221,857,4391,992,9391,980,4111,978,4621,970,4711,961,1091,966,9731,968,9051,972,3672,014,2512,058,8812,088,542109,771276,715383,639775,6271,045,5191,177,2291,288,3991,397,3921,524,1761,595,3351,611,0891,628,4611,641,5801,657,6131,680,41
200、61,704,5421,748,0261,811,8151,872,7765,124,8323,901,8403,171,2123,571,0104,232,5184,421,7064,330,3164,608,5635,028,5555,250,6305,293,6345,316,0245,340,6005,376,8645,436,4545,495,2665,634,7685,821,5545,970,9398,852,2588,752,98011,965,54718,180,40917,771,78715,587,09613,973,80313,175,17612,477,41711,6
201、88,63211,482,34411,215,30010,955,96010,730,33710,539,84910,348,39710,287,45410,310,95510,302,276100.5101.9109.8104.897.698.098.099.398.498.998.297.797.797.998.298.299.4100.299.9Motor-Driven Cycles Class 2(51cc-125cc)Mini-Sized Motorcycles(126cc-250cc)Small-Sized Motorcycles(Over 250cc)SubtotalTotalC
202、hg.(%)YearNotes:1.Motor-driven cycle data is as at April 1,and since 2006 motorcycles with engine capacity of 125cc and under whose owners fail to pay the mandatory motorcycle ownership tax are not included in this data.2.“Chg.(%)”means change from the previous year(with the previous years result in
203、dexed at 100).Sources:Ministry of Land,Infrastructure,Transport and Tourism;since 2006(only for the 125cc-and-under categories),Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications50cc&Under4,331,337(42.0%)126cc-250cc2,088,542(20.3%)2014Year20232015201620172018201920202021202211 MOTORCYCLE EXPORTS BY DES
204、TINATION&BY ENGINE CAPACITY IN 2023In vehicle units MOTORCYCLE EXPORTS BY DESTINATION IN 2023In vehicle unitsAsiaMiddle EastEuropeNorth AmericaLatin AmericaAfricaOceaniaGrand Totals South KoreaChinaTaiwanHong KongThailandSingaporeMalaysiaPhilippinesIndonesiaOtherSubtotalSaudi ArabiaIsraelUnited Arab
205、 EmiratesOtherSubtotalSwedenDenmarkNetherlandsBelgiumFranceGermanyPortugalSpainItalyPolandAustriaHungaryGreeceCroatiaSloveniaOtherSubtotalNorwayUKSwitzerlandRussiaTurkeyOtherSubtotalCanadaU.S.A.SubtotalMexicoGuatemalaPanamaColombiaPeruChileBrazilArgentinaOtherSubtotalMoroccoGuineaDem Rep CongoEthiop
206、iaKenyaUgandaSouth AfricaOtherSubtotalAustraliaNew ZealandOtherSubtotalof which U.S.A.132,218(25.5%)NorthAmerica149,514(28.8%)of which EU 241,134(46.5%)Europe265,349(51.2%)MiddleEast6,801(1.3%)Asia34,611(6.7%)Oceania28,071(5.4%)LatinAmerica22,106(4.3%)Africa11,807(2.3%)Total518,259(100%)100,000 unit
207、s10,000 units1,000 units2014YearAsiaMiddle EastLatin America AfricaOceaniaEurope(EU)NorthAmerica(U.S.A.)202320152016201720182019202020212022Source:Japan Automobile Manufacturers AssociationEUAn Increase in Motorcycle Exports to a Majority of DestinationsCompared to the previous year,motorcycle expor
208、ts in 2023 increased to Europe(265,000 units),Asia(35,000 units),Oceania(28,000 units),and Africa(12,000 units),but decreased to North America(150,000 units),Latin America(22,000 units),and the Middle East(7,000 units).MotorcyclesExports by DestinationMotor-Driven Cycles Class 1(50cc&Under)Destinati
209、onMotor-Driven Cycles Class 2(51cc-125cc)Mini-Sized Motorcycles(126cc-250cc)Small-Sized Motorcycles(Over 250cc)SubtotalTotalOver 50ccNote:The UK was counted as part of the EU through January 2020,but as part of Europe from February 2020 onwards.MOTORCYCLE EXPORT TRENDS BY DESTINATION In%2.71.41.01.2
210、0.85.75.83.639.4(34.9)7.20.837.5(34.6)7.17.16.74.932.0(27.6)7.21.240.9(38.1)5.94.14.430.2(26.1)7.01.447.0(44.1)7.35.43.128.4(24.3)6.31.048.5(45.8)0.95.02.730.4(26.0)6.30.947.6(45.0)2.98.01.15.52.928.8(24.5)5.51.148.2(46.0)7.32.81.54.32.830.4(26.3)7.51.546.2(42.2)7.31.81.53.81.833.6(29.5)7.01.345.2(4
211、1.2)6.21.91.64.81.931.2(27.5)5.51.648.8(45.0)6.72.32.31.31.34.328.8(25.5)5.451.2(46.5)12 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 2 10 48 15 0 48 33 96 0 0 0 0 2,451 537 0 228 273 0 0 0 84 33 93 0 3,699 0 0 81 0 0 0 3,780 1,147 12,257 13,404 6 6 3 18 0 42 6 0 171 252 92 0 0 0 0 0 30 9 131 1,905 447 6 2,358 20,069 4 0 122 0 0
212、 133 0 37 765 39 1,100 58 79 228 88 453 0 0 753 0 2,638 1,222 0 242 398 0 0 0 90 46 95 0 5,484 0 0 47 0 0 0 5,531 2,151 9,483 11,634 38 32 4 302 6 101 36 30 260 809 28 20 1,832 2,048 203 199 266 396 4,992 3,100 618 6 3,724 28,243 2 96 0 126 40 352 24 221 353 66 1,280 39 65 160 257 521 110 62 1,066 2
213、48 3,154 1,104 0 281 1,398 132 228 15 93 24 121 161 8,197 15 330 230 0 69 10 8,851 3,226 22,960 26,186 70 230 69 168 26 251 355 66 1,376 2,611 69 0 84 2,485 34 29 664 495 3,860 4,524 1,646 95 6,265 49,574 5,077 5,734 5,175 789 4,880 2,339 3,607 2,770 454 1,358 32,183 1,140 2,507 1,002 1,082 5,731 1,
214、501 1,474 32,316 5,201 58,060 32,055 726 27,197 43,747 3,656 7,306 1,688 4,454 777 1,216 2,380 223,754 913 9,759 6,892 0 5,098 771 247,187 10,772 87,518 98,290 2,364 415 108 2,897 141 1,099 8,453 1,157 1,800 18,434 494 0 60 0 11 0 966 1,293 2,824 13,468 2,071 185 15,724 420,373 5,083 5,830 5,297 915
215、 4,920 2,824 3,631 3,028 1,572 1,463 34,563 1,237 2,651 1,390 1,427 6,705 1,611 1,536 34,135 5,449 63,852 34,381 726 27,720 45,543 3,788 7,534 1,703 4,637 847 1,432 2,541 237,435 928 10,089 7,169 0 5,167 781 261,569 16,149 119,961 136,110 2,472 677 181 3,367 173 1,451 8,844 1,253 3,436 21,854 591 20
216、 1,976 4,533 248 228 1,896 2,184 11,676 21,092 4,335 286 25,713 498,190 5,095 5,830 5,297 915 4,920 2,824 3,631 3,052 1,574 1,473 34,611 1,252 2,651 1,438 1,460 6,801 1,611 1,536 34,135 5,449 66,303 34,918 726 27,948 45,816 3,788 7,534 1,703 4,721 880 1,525 2,541 241,134 928 10,089 7,250 0 5,167 781
217、 265,349 17,296 132,218 149,514 2,478 683 184 3,385 173 1,493 8,850 1,253 3,607 22,106 683 20 1,976 4,533 248 228 1,926 2,193 11,807 22,997 4,782 292 28,071 518,259 12Call center Fire command center Automatic communication of essential information(accident location,vehicle occupant injury status,etc
218、.)Airbag deployment notificationAmbulance dispatch Emergency medical servicehelicopter dispatchEmergency medical facility Information coordination 05101585 and older80-8475-7970-7465-6960-6455-5950-5445-4940-4435-3930-3425-2920-2416-19Elderly fatalities as%of total fatalitiesAdvanced Emergency Braki
219、ng SystemAcceleration Control for Pedal ErrorAACN:A Schematic OverviewCumulative Number of AACN-Equipped Vehicles in Use by Year,2016-2023In%In%05001,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,5004,0004,5005,0002,6104,3884,113 4,1173,9043,6943,5323,2152,8392,6361,4712,3092,193 2,247 2,1382,0201,9661,7821,5961,520Tota
220、l fatalities(No.of persons)Elderly fatalities 65 years and older(No.of persons)2013Year02550751002023202220212020201920182017201620152014025507510020202019202120182017201620152014202120232014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 202020222,6781,46554.756.452.653.354.654.854.755.755.456.257.79.755.674.192.923.182
221、.862.242.542.522.191.811.952.933.687.572013Year202320222013Year ROAD ACCIDENTS/INJURIES/FATALITIES0500,0001,000,0001,500,0002,000,00005,00010,00015,00020,0001980Year19851990199520002005201020152020Fatalities(Number of persons)Injuries(Number of persons)Accidents(Number of accidents)TRENDS IN ELDERLY
222、 ROAD FATALITIESPromoting Greater Road SafetyRoad SafetyRoad SafetyNo.of fatal accidents per 100,000 drivers license holdersAge group FATAL ROAD ACCIDENTS PER 100,000 DRIVERS LICENSE HOLDERS BY AGE GROUP TRENDS IN ONBOARD INSTALLATION RATES OF ADVANCED DRIVER-ASSISTANCE SYSTEMS(ADAS)AUTOMATIC COLLIS
223、ION NOTIFICATIONAccidents(Number of accidents)Year1980198519901995200020052010201120122013Injuries(Number of persons)Fatalities(Number of persons)Source for all data on this page:National Police Agency476,677552,788643,097761,794931,950934,346725,924692,084665,157629,033598,719681,346790,295922,6771
224、,155,7071,157,113896,297854,613825,392781,4928,7609,26111,22710,6849,0736,9374,9484,6914,4384,388Accidents(Number of accidents)Year2014201520162017201820192020202120222023Injuries(Number of persons)Fatalities(Number of persons)573,842536,899499,201472,165430,601381,237309,178305,196300,839307,911711
225、,374666,023618,853580,850525,846461,775369,476362,131356,601365,0274,1134,1173,9043,6943,5323,2152,8392,6362,6102,678In 2023 road fatalities(defined here as deaths taking place within 24 hours of accident occurrence)in Japan rose to 2,678,the first such increase in eight years.Road accidents and roa
226、d injuries also saw increases,for the first time in nineteen years,to 307,911(in number of accidents)and 365,027(in number of persons).As the aging of Japans society advances,annual road accident statistics show a growing ratio of elderly people(aged 65 years and older)in road fatalities.In addition
227、,the number of fatal road accidents per 100,000 drivers license holders attributable to elderly drivers(aged 75 years and older)is the largest among age groups.Given the circumstances,Japans Ministry of Economy,Trade and Industry,Ministry of Land,Infrastructure,Transport and Tourism,National Police
228、Agency,Financial Services Agency and automobile-related organizations have been working cooperatively to promote the widespread use of“safety support cars”(“sapocars”for short)equipped with safety features such as advanced emergency braking systems(referred to in this publications previous editions
229、as collision-mitigation braking systems),to help drivers of all ages avoid road accident occurrence and to mitigate damage/injury when accidents do occur.Automatic collision notification(ACN)is an onboard-based system that automatically communicates essential information to relevant authorities in t
230、he event of a serious road traffic accident,such as when an airbag is deployed,without requiring the driver or witnesses to report the incident themselves.Advanced automatic collision notification(AACN)is an enhanced version of ACN whose onboard installation is steadily expanding.As of the end of 20
231、23,more than 6.6 million vehicles were equipped with AACN.Road SafetyVehicle Safety Features and Systems THE“SAFETY SUPPORT CAR”Ver 1.0 CONCEPTSafety Support Car(“Sapocar”)Safety Support Car S(“Sapocar S”)Advanced emergency braking system(pedestrian collision avoidance)Acceleration control for pedal
232、 error(1)Lane departure warning(2)Advanced headlamp control(3)Advanced emergency braking system(vehicle collision avoidance)Acceleration control for pedal error(1)Advanced emergency braking system(vehicle collision avoidance)for low-speed vehicle operation(4)Acceleration control for pedal error(1)“S
233、apocar S”ClassificationThe“Sapocar S”concept has three sub-classifications,based on the safety features installed.(1)In automatic-transmission vehicles only.(2)Including lane-keeping assist.(3)Automatic high-to-low-beam headlamp control,glare-free high beam headlamp control,or adaptive front-lightin
234、g system.(4)30km/h or lower.Note:Drivers license holders here refers to drivers possessing valid licenses for driving automobiles,motorcycles,and motor-driven cycles.Note:In%means the number of passenger cars equipped with the ADAS feature as a percentage of the total number of passenger cars produc
235、ed for the domestic market.Note:Above figures apply only to AACN-equipped vehicles manufactured by Japanese automakers for the domestic market.Source:Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association Source:National Agency for Automotive Safety and Victims AidPassenger cars equipped with advanced emergency
236、 braking systems;suitable for all drivers Passenger cars equipped with advanced emergency braking systems and acceleration control for pedal error;suitable especially for elderly drivers Type:“Wide”Type:“Basic+”Type:“Basic”Source:Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association ACNAACNAutomatic collision
237、notificationAdvanced automatic collision notificationAutomatic communication of essential information(location,etc.)to the authorities concerned in the event of a serious road traffic accidentEssential information automatically communicated to relevant authorities in the event of a serious road traf
238、fic accident is augmented with information on the status of vehicle occupant injuries,which is directed also to fire departments and medical facilities for their prompt dispatch of emergency medical service vehicles including,as necessary,a helicopter.In vehicle units97.899.060.172.049.197.295.893.7
239、84.677.866.244.941.115.493.194.896.190.883.877.165.247.137.432.212.54,845,1466,617,6503,722,2582,698,7861,742,5241,046,700480,340265,8981,000,0002,000,0003,000,0004,000,0005,000,0006,000,00007,000,00020232022202120202019201820172016YearVehicle avoidanceBicycle avoidance13*I.e.,performing all the req
240、uisite processes of recognition,prediction,judgment,and operation.The Transition to Automated DrivingIn 2018 the Japanese government released an outline of the broad spectrum of system-building measures needed for the real-world implementation of automated driving.The adoption in 2020 of a revised R
241、oad Traffic Act and a revised Road Vehicles Act made it mandatory for automated driving systems and devices to comply with safety standards.In addition,rules were established regarding the obligations of drivers of vehicles equipped with automated driving systems,with the inclusion of automated driv
242、ing event data recorders in such systems also being mandated.These initiatives allowed Level 3 self-driving vehicles to run on public roads.In 2022 a further revision of the Road Traffic Act was adopted enabling the creation of an authorization system to facilitate Level 4 automated driving(self-dri
243、ving vehicles used under specific circumstances,e.g.,on designated and limited routes)and Level 4 automated vehicle use in accordance with those stipulations started in April 2023.JAMA member companies are actively working towards the practical and widespread use of automated driving technologies in
244、 line with the initiatives undertaken by the government.MemoACHIEVINGTHE“ZEROS”RESOLVING RELATED ISSUES Through the elimination of human errorZero accidents Through more efficient roadand vehicle use(via telematics)Zero congestion Through optimally efficientdoor-to-door vehicle use,“any time and any
245、where”Enabling optimally accessible mobilityEnabling optimally efficient freight transportDriver-assistance systemsAutomated driving functions JAMAS VIEW OF AUTOMATED DRIVINGDriverDriverDriverSystem(Driver,when ADS cannot execute a task)System System Level 0Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Vehicle
246、s with driver-assistance systemsVehicles with conditional driving automationVehicles with high driving automationVehicles with full driving automationDriver performs the entire dynamic driving task(DDT).Driver-assistance system performs the subtasks of either longitudinal or lateral vehicle motion c
247、ontrol(within a limited operational design domain),while the driver performs all other DDT subtasks.Advanced driver-assistance system performs the subtasks of both longitudinal and lateral vehicle motion control(within a limited operational design domain),monitored by the driver who performs all oth
248、er DDT subtasks and can take manual control at any time.ADS performs the entire DDT(within a limited operational design domain).However,driver must remain alert and respond appropriately to ADS-issued requests to intervene when ADS cannot execute a task(=human override).ADS performs the entire DDT(w
249、ithin a limited operational design domain)and responds in the event of operational difficulty.However,Level 4 vehicles can operate only under specific circumstances,with human override remaining an option.ADS performs the entire DDT and responds unconditionally(not within a limited operational desig
250、n domain)in the event of operational difficulty,with no need for human intervention.LevelIn Charge*Vehicle DescriptionDefinitionDriver(human)performs part or all of the dynamic driving taskAutomated driving system(“ADS,”“system”)performs the entire dynamic driving task(while engaged)DEFINITIONS OF D
251、RIVING AUTOMATION LEVELS AND LEVEL-COMPATIBLE VEHICLE DESCRIPTIONSSource:The Public-Private ITS Initiative/Roadmaps initiativeRoad SafetyAutomated Driving14Attention to the EnvironmentVehicle Fuel EfficiencyAttention to the EnvironmentClimate Changex 1 million tonsClimate Change and CO2 Emissions Re
252、duction:The Response of the Transport SectorIn 2022 Japans CO2 emissions totalled 1.04 billion tons,of which the transportation sector accounted for nearly 19%.Despite a small increase in 2022 over the previous year,CO2 emission volumes in Japans transport sector have trended downwards since peaking
253、 in 2001,owing largely to increased fuel efficiency in passenger cars and greater efficiency in goods distribution.The automobile industry will continue to vigorously promote CO2 emissions reduction in road transport by further improving vehicle fuel efficiency and expanding the market supply of alt
254、ernative fuel vehicles.CO2 Emissions Reduction:Improving Vehicle Fuel EfficiencyFuel efficiency targets for passenger cars,trucks,and buses are formulated by applying“top runner”criteria whereby the target value for a given vehicle weight category is established based on the leading fuel efficiency
255、performance to date for that weight category.To comply,first,with stringent 2015 average fuel efficiency targets for heavy-duty vehicles as well as with a 2020 target for passenger cars and,subsequently,with a 2022 target for small trucks,2025 targets for heavy-duty vehicles,and a 2030 target for pa
256、ssenger cars,JAMA member manufacturers have been making continuous efforts to increase the fuel efficiency of conventional vehicles and expand the supply of alternative fuel vehicles.Calculation of the average fuel efficiency target of 25.4 km/L(a 32.4%increase over the actual value in 2016)establis
257、hed for 2030 for new passenger cars took into account,for the first time,the fuel efficiency performances of electric vehicles and plug-in electric vehicles.(4)Fuel efficiency is JC08 test cycle-based(see page 18).(5)Targets were established assuming the same shipment volume ratios by vehicle weight
258、 category for target years as those recorded in the years showing the actual value of fuel efficiency performance.Sources:Ministry of Economy,Trade and Industry;Ministry of Land,Infrastructure,Transport and Tourism50km/L1015202.50km/L57.510TrucksUp 12.2%2015 target value(7)7.09 km/L2002 actual value
259、 6.32 km/LBusesUp 12.1%2015 target value(7)6.30 km/L2002 actual value 5.62 km/L 2015 AVERAGE FUEL EFFICIENCY TARGETS FOR NEW HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES(GVW3.5t)(6)2.50km/L57.510TrucksUp 13.4%(approx.)2025 target value(8),(9)7.63 km/L2015 target value(9)6.72 km/LBusesUp 14.3%(approx.)2025 target value(8),(9
260、)6.52 km/L2015 target value(9)5.71 km/L 2025 AVERAGE FUEL EFFICIENCY TARGETS FOR NEW HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES(GVW3.5t)VEHICLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR INCREASED FUEL EFFICIENCY0km/L201030PassengercarsUp 24.1%2020 target value(3)20.3 km/L2009 actual value 16.3 km/L 2020 AVERAGE FUEL EFFICIENCY TARGET FOR NEW PASS
261、ENGER CARS(1)(6)Fuel efficiency is JE05 test cycle-based.(7)Targets were established assuming the same shipment volume ratios by vehicle weight category for target years as those recorded in the years showing the actual value of fuel efficiency performance.(8)While the 2015 target values for new hea
262、vy-duty vehicles are JE05 test cycle-based,the 2025 target values were established on the basis of a new measuring method.(9)Targets were established assuming the same shipment volume ratios by vehicle weight category for 2025 as those recorded in 2014.Sources:Ministry of Economy,Trade and Industry;
263、Ministry of Land,Infrastructure,Transport and Tourism(1)Fuel efficiency is JC08 test cycle-based(see page 18).(2)Fuel efficiency is WLTC-based(see page 18).(3)Targets were established assuming the same shipment volume ratios by vehicle weight category for target years as those recorded in the years
264、showing the actual value of fuel efficiency performance.Sources:Ministry of Economy,Trade and Industry;Ministry of Land,Infrastructure,Transport and TourismReduced rolling resistance Low rolling-resistance tiresImproved powertrain performance Expansion of lock-up area Expanded number of transmission
265、 gears Continuously variable transmissionImproved engine efficiency More efficient fuel consumption:Direct injection Variable mechanisms(variable cylinder activation,VVT&L,etc.)Downsized engine superchargingReduction of friction loss:Reduction of piston&piston ring friction loss Low-viscosity lubric
266、ating oil Other Electric power steering Idling prevention(stop-start)Reduced aerodynamic drag Improved body configuration Reduced vehicle weight Expanded use of lightweight materials Improved body structurex 1 million tons CO2 EMISSIONS IN JAPANThe transportation sector accounts for nearly 19%of Jap
267、ans total CO2 emissions,which in 2022 amounted to 1.04 billion tons.TRENDS IN CO2 EMISSION VOLUMES IN JAPANS TRANSPORT SECTOR,BY MODEMotor vehicle-emitted CO2 accounts for about 85%of the totality of CO2 emitted by Japans transport sector.CO2 emissions from road transportation in Japan have seen a s
268、ignificant decrease since transport-sector emissions peaked in 2001.Source:Ministry of the EnvironmentJapans CO2 Emission Volumes,1990-2022CO2 Emission Shares by Sector in 2022Industry34%Transportation19%Energyconversion8%Other0%Waste processing3%Industrialprocesses4%Residential15%Commercial/Other17
269、%Automobiles16%Sources:Ministry of the Environment;Ministry of Land,Infrastructure,Transport and Tourism2022 Total1.04 billiontonsSmall trucks(GVW3.5tons)Up 26.1%2022 target value(5)17.9 km/L2012 actual value 14.2 km/L 2022 AVERAGE FUEL EFFICIENCY TARGET FOR NEW SMALL TRUCKS(4)0km/L201030Passengerca
270、rsUp 32.4%2030 target value(3)25.4 km/L2016 actual value 19.2 km/L 2030 AVERAGE FUEL EFFICIENCY TARGET FOR NEW PASSENGER CARS(2)Note:Figures here are JC08 test cycle-based through 2016 and the JC08 test-cycle equivalents of WLTC-based values from 2017.Source:Japan Automobile Manufacturers Associatio
271、n AVERAGE FUEL EFFICIENCY OF DOMESTIC NEW GASOLINE-POWERED PASSENGER CARSIn km/L121416182022242613.213.813.914.214.314.814.915.616.717.118.219.821.322.422.422.622.622.722.923.123.522.121 222001Fiscal year1,0001,0501,1001,1501,2001,2501,3001,3501,4000350300250200150100501990Fiscal year207713892889181
272、489695928148961019391379710494914810010995101481021159610158103120971116710012398111479812599111479713020002631115796130011114796135021114793135031114891132041113791128051231113790061201112791071201112889081161011887091181010783101189108841111691098112117101110801311310111080141081011108015108101098
273、01610710109781719222120106101097818104111087710210108768951077219218387710874921010773AircraftShipsTrainsTrucksPassenger cars&buses1990Fiscal year19952000200520102015202202 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2015In-Use Status of Alternative Fuel VehiclesSince 2009,when the government
274、s tax incentive/subsidy programs for the purchase of eco-friendly vehicles were first introduced,new registrations of alternative fuel vehiclesincluding hybrid,plug-in hybrid,electric,fuel cell,clean diesel,and other new-energy vehicleshad been steadily increasing.In 2020,however,new registrations o
275、f these vehicles shrank owing to the spread of COVID-19.Nevertheless,as a result of each automakers efforts to develop a range of such models and despite the impact of the pandemic,the share of alternative fuel vehicles in new passenger car registrations continues to expand yearly,reaching 54%in 202
276、3.The more widespread use of these vehicles requires not only further advances in vehicle and related technologies,but also,among other government initiatives,the establishment of the necessary fuel/energy supply infrastructures and the continued provision of purchasing incentives.In vehicle units F
277、ACILITY-GENERATED CO2 EMISSION VOLUMES,1990-2022Source:Japan Automobile Manufacturers AssociationCO2 Reductions at Manufacturers FacilitiesJapans automakers,together with the member companies of the Japan Auto-Body Industries Association(JABIA),have for years taken measures to reduce energy consumpt
278、ion and otherwise cut CO2 emissions at their production plants.Having more recently expanded their voluntary CO2 reduction activities to also include administrative and research facilities,their combined facility-emitted CO2 in 2022 totalled 5.17 million tons(preliminary figure),down 10,000 tons fro
279、m the previous year.With a revised target for 2030 of 4.63 million tons(down from the previous target of 6.16 million tons),JAMA and JABIA member companies will strive for further CO2 reductions at their facilities.CO2 emissions(x 1 million tons)CO2 emissions/productionvalue(x 1,000 tons CO2per 1 tr
280、illion yen)RestrictionsSubstanceCompliance StatusAs of January 2006,a 90%decrease or more from the 1996 level of 1,850 grams(i.e.,a maximum permissible level of 185 grams).*For large commercial vehicles including buses,a 75%decrease or more from the 1996 level.*Batteries are exempt.As of January 200
281、5,banned except for trace amounts in safety-related components such as:-Instrument panel displays-Liquid crystal displays in navigation devices -Discharge lamps-Fluorescent cabin lampsBanned as of January 2008.Banned as of January 2007.All models have complied since January 2006.All models have comp
282、lied since January 2003.Components listed here in the left column are now mercury-free in all models.All models are in compliance.All models have complied since January 2006.LeadMercuryHexavalent chromiumCadmium RESTRICTIONS ON THE USE OF FOUR HEAVY METALS IN NEW VEHICLES&COMPLIANCE STATUS ALTERNATI
283、VE FUEL PASSENGER CAR NEW REGISTRATIONS,2008-2023Voluntary Initiatives to Eliminate the Use of Four Heavy Metals in Motor Vehicles TARGET VALUES FOR INDOOR CONCENTRATION LEVELS OF 13 SUBSTANCES(VOCs)(revised in January 2019)Target Value forIndoor Concentration LevelSubstancePrincipal Sources 100 g/m
284、3 (0.08 ppm)260 g/m3 (0.07 ppm)200 g/m3 (0.05 ppm)240 g/m3 (0.04 ppm)3,800 g/m3 (0.88 ppm)220 g/m3 (0.05 ppm)1 g/m3 (0.07 ppb)17 g/m3 (1.5 ppb)330 g/m3 (0.04 ppm)100 g/m3 (6.3 ppb)0.29 g/m3 (0.02 ppb)48 g/m3 (0.03 ppm)33 g/m3 (3.8 ppb)Adhesives for plywood,wallpaper,etc.Adhesives/paints for interior
285、 finishing materials,furniture,etc.Adhesives/paints for interior finishing materials,furniture,etc.Moth repellents,lavatory air freshenersAdhesives/paints for plywood,furniture,etc.Insulation materials,bath units,tatami-mat core materialsInsecticides(esp.ant exterminators)Paints,pigments,adhesivesKe
286、rosene,paintsWallpaper,flooring materials,wire-coating materialsPesticidesAdhesives for construction materials,wallpaper,etc.Insecticides(esp.termite exterminators)FormaldehydeTolueneXyleneParadichlorobenzeneEthylbenzeneStyreneChlorpyrifosDi-n-butyl phthalateTetradecaneDi-2-ethylhexyl phthalateDiazi
287、nonAcetaldehydeFenobucarbA Voluntary Approach to Reducing Vehicle Cabin VOCsEstablished in January 2002 by Japans Ministry of Health,Labor and Welfare,target values for indoor concentration levels of 13 volatile organic compounds(VOCs)were amended in January 2019,with a view to enabling automakers,o
288、n a voluntary basis,to meet the revised target values in all new-model vehicles marketed from January 2022.To measure VOC concentration levels in vehicle cabin air,in-cabin test procedures developed by JAMA and covering passenger cars as well as trucks and buses were introduced in 2005.However,in Ju
289、ly 2012 JAMA member companies adopted the global standard for testing in-cabin VOCs in passenger carsnamely,the ISO 12219-1 test procedure(revised in 2021)established by the ISO that same month.Ten years later,JAMA member companies adopted the ISO 12219-10 test procedure for measuring in-cabin VOCs
290、in trucks and busesformulated on the basis of a JAMA-developed procedureestablished by the ISO in 2022.The automakers at present continue to work to achieve further reductions in in-cabin VOC concentration levels.Attention to the EnvironmentHazardous SubstancesAttention to the EnvironmentAlternative
291、 Fuel Vehicles and CO2 Reductions at Manufacturers FacilitiesJAMA member manufacturers have,on a voluntary basis,eliminated the use of four heavy metalslead,mercury,hexavalent chromium and cadmiumin new vehicles to reduce their environmental impact,particularly when they are dismantled and processed
292、 at the end of their service life.Restrictions on the use of these substances in motorcycles have been established separately.Source:Japan Automobile Manufacturers AssociationPlug-in hybridvehiclesElectricvehiclesFuel cellvehiclesClean dieselvehiclesTotalHybridvehiclesYear108,518347,999481,221451,30
293、8887,863921,0451,058,4021,074,9261,275,5601,385,3431,431,8561,472,2811,346,8421,434,7191,450,5821,843,6620001510,96814,12216,17814,1889,39036,00423,23017,60914,68022,67737,71952,12601,0782,44212,60713,46914,75616,11010,46715,29918,09226,53321,28114,57421,65858,78688,51200000074111,0548496126857612,4
294、6484842004,3648,9278,79740,20175,43078,822153,768143,468156,162176,725175,145147,139149,298140,340169,683108,518353,441492,590472,727952,5011,025,3531,169,5191,253,7601,444,7711,596,4501,658,9561,687,0011,523,9961,630,8161,688,2752,154,4032008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222
295、023Source:Japan Automobile Manufacturers AssociationIn%TRENDS IN ALTERNATIVE FUEL VEHICLE SHARE IN NEW PASSENGER CAR REGISTRATIONSNotes:1.This voluntary initiative applies only to vehicles that are manufactured and sold in Japan.2.The use of paradichlorobenzene,chlorpyrifos,diazinon and fenobucarb d
296、oes not apply to vehicle cabins.50101520253035404555502.624.929.734.836.437.839.240.044.449.09.011.713.420.822.52008Year09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2021 22 2301002003004005006007001990Fiscal year2008 0910111213141516172030(Target)181920212245678910119.905446.703545.873776.143726.503887.364187.4
297、73837.163586.663236.713266.613066.232865.825.22271287 2852375.18 5.174.6354.01635218.617.218.8 18.8 19.521.022.724.319.816.917.718.119.120.821.620.0 19.921.021.221.220.817.517.610.3332018128621.411.1 1.3 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.30.4 0.3 0.30.2 INDUSTRY MEASURES IN LINE WITH NATIONAL LEGISLATION THE EL
298、V RECYCLING FLOW(as per the provisions of the End-of-Life Vehicle Recycling Law)Under Japans End-of-Life Vehicle(ELV)Recycling Law which entered into force in January 2005,automobile manufacturers and importers are responsible for recovery,recycling and appropriate disposal with respect to fluorocar
299、bons,airbags,and automobile shredder residue(ASR).Compliance with the law was anticipated to enable ASR to be recycled at a rate of 70%by 2015,resulting in an automobile recycling rate,by vehicle weight,of 95%(as compared with the 80%rate prevailing prior to the introduction of the law);those rates
300、were in fact surpassed in 2008.Japans vehicle recycling infrastructure as mandated by its ELV Recycling Law is the first in the world to administer the entire process of auto recyclingfrom ELV recovery to final disposalon the basis of electronic“manifests”(or compliance checklists).In line with legi
301、slative provisions promoting the so-called 3R initiatives(“reduce,reuse,and recycle”),Japans automakers are also striving to design vehicles using lightweight materials that are easy to dismantle and recycle,and to reduce and recycle waste generated in the manufacturing process.In 2022 the volume of
302、 auto plant-generated waste destined for landfill disposal totalled 300 tons(preliminary figure).Having long surpassed the target of 1,000 tons set for 2025,JAMA members will nevertheless continue to promote the reduction of plant-generated waste for landfill disposal.2023(Preliminary)2,726,0662,388
303、,7542,414,9652,551,0812022(Actual)2,739,4212,391,5062,377,6392,565,991Fiscal YearNo.of ELVs recoveredAppropriate recovery of three designated items(1)Through recovery/appropriate disposal of inflators or through onboard deactivation.(2)Covers all categories of processors,whether for direct disposal
304、or for transfer to other markets.(1)Nineteen products including automobiles have been designated in this legislation as requiring“reduce”initiatives in their design.(2)Twenty-three products including automobiles have been designated in this legislation as requiring“reuse”and“recycle”initiatives in t
305、heir design.Sources:Japan Automobile Recycling Promotion Center;Japan Auto Recycling Partnership;Toyotsu Recycle Corporation;“ART”group of companiesSources:Government-affiliated entitiesVehicle Recycling and Waste ReductionPromotion of Effective Utilizationof Resources Law(the“3R”Law)Product DesignW
306、aste ManagementELV RecyclingEnd-of-Life VehicleRecycling LawBasic premise:-Environmentally responsible vehicle design on the part of automobile manufacturers-Recovery and recycling of:1)Fluorocarbons 2)Airbags 3)ASRNote:Motorcycles are not covered by the ELV Recycling Law.For designated products(1):
307、-Weight reduction/Downsizing-Longer product life-Reduced use of hazardous substancesFor designated products(2):-Use of reusable/recyclable materials-Ease of dismantling-Ease of sorting-Non-hazardous recycling-Materials identificationDistribution,Servicing and Use“Reduce”initiatives“Reuse”initiatives
308、“Recycle”initiatives ELV RECOVERY IN NUMBERSIn vehicle unitsFluorocarbonsAirbags(1)ASR(2)Achieved2.39 million vehicle units(2022)95%(2022)96.4-97.4%(2022)TargetDestruction85%2005:30%2010:50%2015:70%Three DesignatedItemsFluorocarbonsAirbagsASR RECYCLING RATES:TARGETED&ACHIEVED Delegated Funds Managem
309、ent Entity(Japan Automobile Recycling Promotion Center)Delegated Information Management Entity(Japan Automobile Recycling Promotion Center)Automobile Manufacturers/Importers/Delegated Organization(Japan Automobile Recycling Promotion Center)RecoverymanifestsDeliverymanifestsRecoverymanifestsDelivery
310、manifestsRecoverymanifestsDeliverymanifestsRecoverymanifestsDeliverymanifests*Fluorocarbons are destroyed.Payment of recovery,recycling and disposal costsNote:The Japan Automobile Recycling Promotion Center assumes the same responsibilities as automobile manufacturers and importers when an ELV has n
311、o manufacturer representation under the provisions of this law.It also assumes transport-to-mainland costs for ELVs turned in on Japans smallest islands.FluorocarbonDisposal*FacilitiesPurchasers ofNew VehiclesPurchasers ofUsed VehiclesFinal OwnersDismantlersFluorocarbonRecoveryOperatorsELVCollectors
312、Inspection®istration verification(MOTAS)Mini-vehicle inspectionAirbagDisposal FacilitiesShredder ResidueRecycling FacilitiesShredder ResidueRecycling FacilitiesShredder Residue ProcessorsPress&ShearOperatorsTo markets for recyclable parts,metals,etc.Shredderresidue Fluorocarbons Paymentfor recove
313、ryPaymentfor recoveryShredding&Sorting OperatorsFluorocarbon&airbag disposal managed byJapan Auto Recycling Partnership(JARP)Designated Handling AgentDesignated Handling AgentMOTAS:Japanese-derived acronym for“motor vehicle inspection and registration system”VehiclecarcassesELVsELVsELVsELV flowInfor
314、mation flowFee remittance/payment flowsRecycling feeremittances REDUCTIONS IN PRODUCTION PLANT-GENERATED WASTESource:Japan Automobile Manufacturers AssociationWaste for landfill disposal(x 1,000 tons)025201510505004003002001001990Fiscal year20012025(Target)21 22Total value of vehicle production incl
315、uding motorcycles(x 1 billion yen)Attention to the EnvironmentRecyclingDisposal/RecyclingFacilities(14)THE MOTORCYCLE RECYCLING FLOWNotes:1.The only cost to final owners(where applicable)is for the delivery by ELV dealers of end-of-life motorcycles to certified collection centers.2.The disposal of m
316、unicipally owned end-of-life motorcycles requires advance approval by the Japan Automobile Recycling Promotion Center.FinalOwnersSource:Japan Automobile Recycling Promotion CenterCertified Collection Centers(170)Deliveryto certifiedcollectioncentersEnd-of-Life Motorcycle DealersELV Motorcycle Dealer
317、 DesignationDigits represent dealers ID code.Verificationof ownershipVerificationof recyclingdocumentationDelivery of end-of-lifemotorcycle toan ELV motorcycle dealerDelivery of end-of-life motorcycle directly to a certified collection centerEnd-of-Life Motorcycle Processing(nationwide operations)Ai
318、rbagsMotorcycle Recycling MarkVerificationof ownershipVerificationof recyclingdocumentation02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20For designated areas of activity:-Reduction/recycling of designated waste products generated in vehicle manufacturing operations:1)Scrap metals 2)Casting
319、 sand residue-Total waste volume:*1990(baseline):352,000 tons 2022:300 tons JAMA target:1,000 tons by fiscal 2025*For landfill disposal,including scrap metals,casting sand residue,and other waste17 MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSIONS REGULATIONS IN JAPAN Japans vehicle exhaust emissions regulations have always
320、been among the worlds most stringent,and its automakers have worked very hard to develop the advanced technologies required to comply with them.As a result,NOx and other atmospheric pollutant levels have been,even in large urban areas,on a steady decline.Japan has participated in international discu
321、ssions on the global harmonization of emission test cycles and in 2010 introduced the UN test cycle for motorcycle emissions.In 2018 Japan began applying the UN“WLTC”to measure emissions from new gasoline-powered passenger cars and light commercial vehicles,following its application in 2016 of the U
322、N“WHTC”for measuring diesel exhaust emissions from new heavy-duty vehicles(see corresponding notes below).GasolineandLPG VehiclesDiesel VehiclesMotorcyclesSources:Ministry of the Environment;Ministry of Land,Infrastructure,Transport and Tourism(1)WLTC:Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle,o
323、n the basis of values measured in cold-start state.(2)The PM and PN values for gasoline and LPG vehicles and the PM value for motorcycles apply only to lean burn direct-injection vehicles.(3)Small-sized diesel passenger cars have an equivalent inertia weight(EIW)of 1.25t(GVW of 1.265t)or less,and mi
324、d-sized diesel passenger cars have an EIW over 1.25t.(4)WHTC:World Harmonized Transient Cycle,on the basis of(values measured in cold-start state)x 0.14+(values measured in warm-start state)x 0.86.(5)WHSC:World Harmonized Steady-State Cycle.(6)Class I motorcycles:Over 0.050L and under 0.150L in engi
325、ne capacity with a maximum speed of 50km/h,or under 0.150L in engine capacity with a maximum speed of 50km/h and 100km/h.Equivalent to motor-driven cycles,Class 1 and Class 2.Class II motorcycles:Under 0.150L in engine capacity with a maximum speed 100km/h and 130km/h,or 0.150L or over in engine cap
326、acity with a maximum speed of 130km/h.Equivalent to mini-sized and small-sized motorcycles with a maximum speed of 130km/h.Class III motorcycles:With a maximum speed of 130km/h.Equivalent to mini-sized and small-sized motorcycles with a maximum speed of 130km/h.(7)WMTC:World Motorcycle Test Cycle.No
327、te:CO:Carbon monoxide;NMHC:Non-methane hydrocarbons;NOx:Nitrogen oxides;PM:Particulate matter;PN:Particle number;THC:Total hydrocarbons.Japans Test Cycles for Measuring Fuel Consumption and Exhaust EmissionsJapan not only promotes the international standardization of test cycles for measuring motor
328、vehicle fuel consumption and CO2 and other emissions but has actively contributed to the development of the Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle(also referred to as the Worldwide Harmonized Light-Duty Test Cycle),or WLTC,under the United Nations World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Reg
329、ulations.In line with that initiative,Japan is now in the process of replacing its JC08 test cycle for passenger cars and other non-heavy-duty vehicles with WLTC.WLTC incorporates three driving cycles:the“urban,rural and expressway modes,”as they are called in Japanese.The indication wherever necess
330、ary of fuel consumption rates measured in the three driving“modes”as well as their certified mean(i.e.,average)rate has been required since October 2018.COMPARISON OF WLTC AND THE JC08 TEST CYCLE FOR LIGHT VEHICLES HOW LIGHT-VEHICLE FUEL CONSUMPTION RATES(EXAMPLES)ARE INDICATED IN JAPANMeasured on t
331、he basis of the JC08 test cycle01,600Time(sec)1,4001,2001,0008006004002001000102030405060708090(1)Fuel consumption rates are obtained on the basis of designated test conditions.In real-world on-road driving,rates will vary as a result of multiple factors(weather and traffic conditions,driving behavi
332、or,use of air conditioner,etc.).Vehiclespeed(km/h)The JC08 Test Cycle01,600Time(sec)1,4001,2001,000800600400200WLTCUrban modeRural modeExpressway modeFuel consumption rate(1)certifiedby the Ministry of Land,Infrastructure,Transport and Tourism21.4km/L(1)Fuel consumption rates are obtained on the bas
333、is of designated test conditions.In real-world on-road driving,rates will vary as a result of multiple factors(weather and traffic conditions,driving behavior,use of air conditioner,etc.).(2)WLTC is an international test cycle incorporating urban,rural and expressway driving cycles or“modes”with specific time durations designated for each mode.Urban mode:(Assumptions)Low-speed driving characterize
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