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1、Future of Jobs Report 2025I N S I G H T R E P O R TJ A N U A R Y 2 0 2 5Terms of use and disclaimerWorld Economic Forum91-93 route de la Capite CH-1223 Cologny/Geneva Switzerland Tel.:+41(0)22 869 1212 Fax:+41(0)22 786 2744 E-mail:contactweforum.org www.weforum.org Copyright 2025 by the World Econom

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14、rg).Future of Jobs Report 20252Contents 2025 World Economic Forum.All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,including photocopying and recording,or by any information storage and retrieval system.Disclaimer This document is published

15、 by the World Economic Forum as a contribution to a project,insight area or interaction.The findings,interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are a result of a collaborative process facilitated and endorsed by the World Economic Forum but whose results do not necessarily represent the views

16、of the World Economic Forum,nor the entirety of its Members,Partners or other stakeholders.PrefaceKey findingsPart I:The Future of Jobs 2025Introduction:The global labour market landscape in 20251 Drivers of labour-market transformation1.1 Expected impact of macrotrends on business transformation2 J

17、obs outlook2.1 Total job growth and loss 2.2 Expected impact of macrotrends on employment3 Skills outlook3.1 Expected disruptions to skills 3.2 Drivers of skill disruption3.3 Reskilling and upskilling strategies4 Workforce strategies4.1 Barriers to transformation 4.2 Improving talent availability5 R

18、egion,economy and industry insights5.1 Region and economy insights 5.2 Industry insightsConclusionsEndnotesAppendix:Report MethodologyUser Guide-Economy,Region,and Industry ProfilesContributors CollaboratorsAcknowledgments45781010 18182532324345494952656581949597108 284285286Future of Jobs Report 20

19、25January 2025Future of Jobs Report 20253PrefaceOver the past decade,the World Economic Forums bi-annual Future of Jobs Report has followed evolving technological,societal and economic trends to understand occupational disruption and identify opportunities for workers to transition to the jobs of th

20、e future.As we enter 2025,the landscape of work continues to evolve at a rapid pace.Transformational breakthroughs,particularly in generative artificial intelligence(GenAI),are reshaping industries and tasks across all sectors.These technological advances,however,are converging with a broader array

21、of challenges,including economic volatility,geoeconomic realignments,environmental challenges and evolving societal expectations.In response,this fifth edition of the Future of Jobs Report expands its focus,offering a comprehensive analysis of the interconnected trends shaping the global labour mark

22、et.Central to the report is a unique dataset derived from an extensive survey of global employers.This years edition captures the perspectives of over 1,000 employers representing more than 14 million workers across 22 industry clusters and 55 economies providing unparalleled insights into the emerg

23、ing jobs landscape for the 2025-2030 period.This report would not be possible without their openness to contributing their views and insights,and we sincerely thank them all.We greatly appreciate,too,the support of our survey partners,which have enhanced the reports geographical coverage.These persp

24、ectives are further enriched by research collaborations and data partnerships with ADP,Coursera,Indeed and LinkedIn,whose innovative data and analysis complement the survey findings.This publication has been made possible by the dedication and expertise of its project team:Till Leopold,Attilio Di Ba

25、ttista,Ximena Jtiva,Shuvasish Sharma,Ricky Li and Sam Grayling,alongside the wider team at the Centre for the New Economy and Society.The disruptions of recent years have underscored the importance of foresight and collective action.We hope this report will inspire an ambitious,multistakeholder agen

26、da one that equips workers,businesses,governments,educators and civil society to navigate the complex transitions ahead.Saadia Zahidi Managing Director World Economic ForumFuture of Jobs Report 2025January 2025Future of Jobs Report 20254Technological change,geoeconomic fragmentation,economic uncerta

27、inty,demographic shifts and the green transition individually and in combination are among the major drivers expected to shape and transform the global labour market by 2030.The Future of Jobs Report 2025 brings together the perspective of over 1,000 leading global employerscollectively representing

28、 more than 14 million workers across 22 industry clusters and 55 economies from around the worldto examine how these macrotrends impact jobs and skills,and the workforce transformation strategies employers plan to embark on in response,across the 2025 to 2030 timeframe.Broadening digital access is e

29、xpected to be the most transformative trend both across technology-related trends and overall with 60%of employers expecting it to transform their business by 2030.Advancements in technologies,particularly AI and information processing(86%);robotics and automation(58%);and energy generation,storage

30、and distribution(41%),are also expected to be transformative.These trends are expected to have a divergent effect on jobs,driving both the fastest-growing and fastest-declining roles,and fueling demand for technology-related skills,including AI and big data,networks and cybersecurity and technologic

31、al literacy,which are anticipated to be the top three fastest-growing skills.Increasing cost of living ranks as the second-most transformative trend overall and the top trend related to economic conditions with half of employers expecting it to transform their business by 2030,despite an anticipated

32、 reduction in global inflation.General economic slowdown,to a lesser extent,also remains top of mind and is expected to transform 42%of businesses.Inflation is predicted to have a mixed outlook for net job creation to 2030,while slower growth is expected to displace 1.6 million jobs globally.These t

33、wo impacts on job creation are expected to increase the demand for creative thinking and resilience,flexibility,and agility skills.Climate-change mitigation is the third-most transformative trend overall and the top trend related to the green transition while climate-change adaptation ranks sixth wi

34、th 47%and 41%of employers,respectively,expecting these trends to transform their business in the next five years.This is driving demand for roles such as renewable energy engineers,environmental engineers and electric and autonomous vehicle specialists,all among the 15 fastest-growing jobs.Climate t

35、rends are also expected to drive an increased focus on environmental stewardship,which has entered the Future of Jobs Reports list of top 10 fastest growing skills for the first time.Two demographic shifts are increasingly seen to be transforming global economies and labour markets:aging and declini

36、ng working age populations,predominantly in higher-income economies,and expanding working age populations,predominantly in lower-income economies.These trends drive an increase in demand for skills in talent management,teaching and mentoring,and motivation and self-awareness.Aging populations drive

37、growth in healthcare jobs such as nursing professionals,while growing working-age populations fuel growth in education-related professions,such as higher education teachers.Geoeconomic fragmentation and geopolitical tensions are expected to drive business model transformation in one-third(34%)of sur

38、veyed organizations in the next five years.Over one-fifth(23%)of global employers identify increased restrictions on trade and investment,as well as subsidies and industrial policies(21%),as factors shaping their operations.Almost all economies for which respondents expect these trends to be most tr

39、ansformative have significant trade with the United States and/or China.Employers who expect geoeconomic trends to transform their business are also more likely to offshore and even more likely to re-shore operations.These trends are driving demand for security related job roles and increasing deman

40、d for network and cybersecurity skills.They are also increasing demand for other human-centred skills such as resilience,flexibility and agility skills,and leadership and social influence.Extrapolating from the predictions shared by Future of Jobs Survey respondents,on current trends over the 2025 t

41、o 2030 period job creation and destruction due to structural labour-market transformation will amount to 22%of todays total jobs.This is expected to entail the creation of new jobs equivalent to 14%of todays total employment,amounting to 170 million jobs.However,this growth is expected to be offset

42、by the displacement of the equivalent of 8%(or 92 million)of current jobs,resulting in net growth of 7%of total employment,or 78 million jobs.Key findingsFuture of Jobs Report 2025January 2025Future of Jobs Report 20255 Frontline job roles are predicted to see the largest growth in absolute terms of

43、 volume and include Farmworkers,Delivery Drivers,Construction Workers,Salespersons,and Food Processing Workers.Care economy jobs,such as Nursing Professionals,Social Work and Counselling Professionals and Personal Care Aides are also expected to grow significantly over the next five years,alongside

44、Education roles such as Tertiary and Secondary Education Teachers.Technology-related roles are the fastest-growing jobs in percentage terms,including Big Data Specialists,Fintech Engineers,AI and Machine Learning Specialists and Software and Application Developers.Green and energy transition roles,i

45、ncluding Autonomous and Electric Vehicle Specialists,Environmental Engineers,and Renewable Energy Engineers,also feature within the top fastest-growing roles.Clerical and Secretarial Workers including Cashiers and Ticket Clerks,and Administrative Assistants and Executive Secretaries are expected to

46、see the largest decline in absolute numbers.Similarly,businesses expect the fastest-declining roles to include Postal Service Clerks,Bank Tellers and Data Entry Clerks.On average,workers can expect that two-fifths(39%)of their existing skill sets will be transformed or become outdated over the 2025-

47、2030 period.However,this measure of“skill instability”has slowed compared to previous editions of the report,from 44%in 2023 and a high point of 57%in 2020 in the wake of the pandemic.This finding could potentially be due to an increasing share of workers(50%)having completed training,reskilling or

48、upskilling measures,compared to 41%in the reports 2023 edition.Analytical thinking remains the most sought-after core skill among employers,with seven out of 10 companies considering it as essential in 2025.This is followed by resilience,flexibility and agility,along with leadership and social influ

49、ence.AI and big data top the list of fastest-growing skills,followed closely by networks and cybersecurity as well as technology literacy.Complementing these technology-related skills,creative thinking,resilience,flexibility and agility,along with curiosity and lifelong learning,are also expected to

50、 continue to rise in importance over the 2025-2030 period.Conversely,manual dexterity,endurance and precision stand out with notable net declines in skills demand,with 24%of respondents foreseeing a decrease in their importance.While global job numbers are projected to grow by 2030,existing and emer

51、ging skills differences between growing and declining roles could exacerbate existing skills gaps.The most prominent skills differentiating growing from declining jobs are anticipated to comprise resilience,flexibility and agility;resource management and operations;quality control;programming and te

52、chnological literacy.Given these evolving skill demands,the scale of workforce upskilling and reskilling expected to be needed remains significant:if the worlds workforce was made up of 100 people,59 would need training by 2030.Of these,employers foresee that 29 could be upskilled in their current r

53、oles and 19 could be upskilled and redeployed elsewhere within their organization.However,11 would be unlikely to receive the reskilling or upkskilling needed,leaving their employment prospects increasingly at risk.Skill gaps are categorically considered the biggest barrier to business transformatio

54、n by Future of Jobs Survey respondents,with 63%of employers identifying them as a major barrier over the 2025-2030 period.Accordingly,85%of employers surveyed plan to prioritize upskilling their workforce,with 70%of employers expecting to hire staff with new skills,40%planning to reduce staff as the

55、ir skills become less relevant,and 50%planning to transition staff from declining to growing roles.Supporting employee health and well-being is expected to be a top focus for talent attraction,with 64%of employers surveyed identifying it as a key strategy to increase talent availability.Effective re

56、skilling and upskilling initiatives,along with improving talent progression and promotion,are also seen as holding high potential for talent attraction.Funding for-and provision of-reskilling and upskilling are seen as the two most welcomed public policies to boost talent availability.The Future of

57、Jobs Survey also finds that adoption of diversity,equity and inclusion initiatives remains on the rise.The potential for expanding talent availability by tapping into diverse talent pools is highlighted by four times more employers(47%)than two years ago(10%).Diversity,equity and inclusion initiativ

58、es have become more prevalent,with 83%of employers reporting such an initiative in place,compared to 67%in 2023.Such initiatives are particularly popular for companies headquartered in North America,with a 96%uptake rate,and for employers with over 50,000 employees(95%).By 2030,just over half of emp

59、loyers(52%)anticipate allocating a greater share of their revenue to wages,with only 8%expecting this share to decline.Wage strategies are driven primarily by goals of aligning wages with workers productivity and performance and competing for retaining talent and skills.Finally,half of employers pla

60、n to re-orient their business in response to AI,two-thirds plan to hire talent with specific AI skills,while 40%anticipate reducing their workforce where AI can automate tasks.Future of Jobs Report 20256Future of Jobs Report 2025January 2025Part I:The Future of Jobs 2025Future of Jobs Report 20257In

61、troduction:The global labour market landscape in 2025Future of Jobs Report 2025January 2025The year 2025 unfolds amid ongoing transformations in global labour markets.Since the COVID-19 pandemic,rising cost of living,geopolitical conflicts,the climate emergency and economic downturns have added furt

62、her turbulence to technology-driven global employment changes.While the global economic outlook appears to be stabilizing,it does so amid weaker global growth projections of 3.2%for 2025.1 Global inflation appears to have eased and is now projected to reach 3.5%by the end of 2025 below the average g

63、lobal rate of the first two decades of the 21st century.However,living costs remain elevated around the world.Aided by a stabilizing economic outlook and easing inflation,the global unemployment rate,at 4.9%,2 stands at the lowest level since 1991.However,this headline figure hides a range of dispar

64、ities.While middle-income countries are experiencing reductions in unemployment,low-income countries have seen an increase,from 5.1%in 2022 to 5.3%by 2024.Reductions in unemployment have also lagged for women.Since 2020,when the global unemployment rate peaked for both sexes at 6.6%,the rate for men

65、 has declined to 4.8%,while the rate for women remains elevated at 5.2%.This trend is driven mainly by lower-middle income countries,where the female unemployment rate(of 5.5%)is 1.1%higher than the male equivalent.High-income countries have an unemployment rate gender disparity of 0.4%;however,this

66、 disparity has existed for over a decade rather than opening up during the post-COVID recovery.For low-income and upper-middle income countries,male and female unemployment rates remain even.Youth unemployment rates tell another story of labour-market health.While the global youth unemployment rate

67、has tracked the total global unemployment rate,it remains elevated at 13%.Assessing rates of youth not in employment education or training(NEETs)highlights disparities between economies at different national income levels.While the global NEET rate remains flat at 21.7%,it stands at just 10.1%for hi

68、gh-income economies,rising to 17.3%for upper-middle income ones.The rate then jumps to 25.9%for lower-middle income economies and 27.6%for low-income ones.The jobs gap a measure by the International Labour Organization(ILO)to incorporate a broader understanding of unemployment and underemployment ad

69、ds additional nuance to our understanding of the labour-market situation.Similarly to global headline unemployment,the jobs gap has been decreasing and stood at a need for 402 million additional jobs in 2024.While most of the world has experienced this downward trend,low-income economies saw their j

70、obs gap increase by 0.4 percentage points compared to pre-pandemic levels.Lower-middle income economies saw the largest reduction in the jobs gap(by 2 percentage points compared to 2019 levels).Across all country income groups,the jobs gap for women is higher than that for men,but gender differences

71、 are most pronounced in low-income and especially lower-income economies,where the jobs gap for women surpasses that of men by 7.5 percentage points.The global labour-force participation rate has rebounded after a drop during the pandemic and now stands at similar levels to 2019 for all income group

72、s except lower-middle income economies.In lower-income economies the labour-force participation rate has spiked beyond the levels seen in 2019.This is noteworthy considering lower-middle income economies who make up around 40%of the global population will drive the bulk of working-age population gro

73、wth in the coming years and decades.The combination of growing working-age populations and labour-force participation rates emphasizes the importance of job creation in these economies.Against the backdrop of this current labour-market landscape,the Future of Jobs Report 2025 analyses how organizati

74、ons expect the labour market to evolve over the next five years until 2030.Like previous editions of the report,this analysis is Future of Jobs Report 20258based on the World Economic Forums Future of Jobs Survey,conducted in late 2024,which brings together the perspectives of more than 1,000 global

75、 employers,collectively employing more than 14.1 million workers across 22 industry clusters and 55 economies.The survey highlights how macrotrends and technology will influence industry transformation and employment,the jobs and skills outlook over the next five years and the corresponding workforc

76、e transformation strategies companies plan to use to address these issues.The report begins by outlining five macrotrends impacting the labour market technological change,the green transition,geoeconomic fragmentation,economic uncertainty and demographic shifts.In Chapter 2,the report discusses how

77、organizations expect jobs to evolve,including which jobs are predicted to grow and decline fastest,and the trends driving these changes.Chapter 3 looks at projected changes to the skills needed in the labour market,before Chapter 4 analyses the workforce practices that employers plan to adopt in the

78、ir organizations.Finally,Chapter 5 provides insights for the nine regions,55 economies,and 22 industry clusters that meet the reports statistical thresholds for standalone analysis.The appendix provides a detailed overview of the reports survey and analysis methodology.In addition,the Future of Jobs

79、 Report 2025 features a comprehensive set of Region,Economy and Industry Profiles.User guides are provided for each of these profiles to support their use as practical,standalone tools.Future of Jobs Report 20259Drivers of labour-market transformationTechnological developments,the green transition,m

80、acroeconomic and geoeconomic shifts,and demographic changes are driving transformation in the global labour market,reshaping both jobs and required skills.This chapter provides a picture of how companies expect these macrotrends to drive industry transformation by 2030.Expected impact of macrotrends

81、 on business transformationFuture of Jobs Report 2025January 202511.1Share of employers surveyed(%)040608010020Macrotrends driving business transformationFIGURE 1.1SourceWorld Economic Forum,Future of Jobs Survey 2024.Broadening digital accessRising cost of living,higher prices or inflationIncreased

82、 efforts and investments to reduce carbon emissionsIncreased focus on labour and social issuesSlower economic growthIncreased efforts and investments to adapt to climate changeAgeing and declining working-age populationsIncreased geopolitical division and conflictsGrowing working-age populationsIncr

83、eased restrictions to global trade and investmentIncreased government subsidies and industrial policyStricter anti-trust and competition regulationsGeoeconomic fragmentationDemographic shiftsEconomic uncertaintySocietal issuesTechnology changeGreen transition60%50%47%46%42%41%40%34%24%23%21%17%Share

84、 of employers surveyed that identify the stated trend as likely to drive business transformation.Technological changeMore employers 60%expect broadening digital access to transform their business than any other trend,with similar proportions of employers across all regions selecting this trend.This

85、growing digital access is a critical enabler for new technologies to transform labour markets(Figure 1.1).The Future of Jobs Survey asked employers how advances in nine key technologies are transforming Future of Jobs Report 202510Share of employers surveyed(%)040608010020Technology trends driving b

86、usiness transformation,2025-2030FIGURE 1.2SourceWorld Economic Forum,Future of Jobs Survey 2024.AI and information processing technologiesRobots and autonomous systemsEnergy generation,storage and distributionNew materials and compositesSemiconductors and computing technologiesSensing,laser and opti

87、cal technologiesQuantum and encryptionBiotechnology and gene technologiesSatellites and space technologies86%58%41%30%20%18%12%11%9%Share of employers surveyed that identify the stated technology trend as likely to drive business transformationGenerative AI(GenAI),in particular,has witnessed a rapid

88、 surge in both investment and adoption across various sectors.Since the release of Chat GPT in November 2022,investment flows into AI have increased nearly eightfold.3 This influx of capital has been accompanied by investment in the physical infrastructure needed to support these emerging technologi

89、es,including servers and energy generation plants.By leveraging natural language processing technology,GenAI enables users to interact with it as though they were conversing with a human,considerably reducing barriers to usage and the need for specialized technical knowledge.4 Accordingly,the demand

90、 for GenAI skills by both businesses and individuals has also grown significantly(Box B1.1).Although more generalized adoption of AI applications remains comparatively low,with only a small fraction of firms using it in 2023,adoption is growing rapidly,albeit unevenly across sectors.The information

91、technology sector is leading the way in AI adoption,while industries such as construction are lagging behind.5 This disparity mirrors broader trends,with advanced and middle-income economies experiencing unprecedented diffusion of generative AI technologies among individual users,while low-income ec

92、onomies remain largely on the margins,with currently minimal use of this technology.6 While the full extent of long-term productivity gains from the technology remains uncertain,workplace studies have identified various initial ways for generative AI to enhance human skills and performance.Some of t

93、hese studies have highlighted ways for generative AI to enhance human core skills,or to substitute for tacit knowledge among newer or average performing workers.7,8 Other studies have shown generative AI can enhance knowledge work if applied appropriately within its capability,but risks producing ad

94、verse outcomes where users unknowingly stretch it beyond its capability.9 Looking further ahead,some observers argue generative AI could empower less specialized employees to perform a greater range of“expert”tasks expanding the possible functions of roles such as Accounting Clerks,Nurses,and Teachi

95、ng Assistants.10 Similarly,the technology could equip skilled professionals such as Electricians,Doctors or Engineers with the worlds forefront knowledge enabling them to solve complex problems more efficiently.11 Outcomes such as these which create genuine shifts in the quantity or quality of outpu

96、t are more likely to come about if technology development is focused on enhancing rather than substituting for human capabilities.12 However,without appropriate decision-making frameworks,economic incentive structures and,possibly,government regulations,there remains a risk that technological develo

97、pment will be focused on replacing human work,which could increase inequality and unemployment.their business.Of the nine technologies,three stand out as being expected to have the greatest impact.Robots and autonomous systems are expected to transform 58%of employers businesses,while energy generat

98、ion and storage technologies are expected to transform 41%.But it is artificial intelligence(AI)and information processing technologies that are expected to have the biggest impact with 86%of respondents expecting these technologies to transform their business by 2030(Figure 1.2).Future of Jobs Repo

99、rt 202311While currently seen as less transformative than GenAI,robots and autonomous systems have seen steady growth of around 5-7%annually since 2020.13 In 2023,global average robot density reached 162 units per 10,000 employees,double the number measured seven years ago.14 Currently robot install

100、ations are heavily concentrated,with 80%of installations occurring in China,Japan,United States,the Republic of Korea,and Germany.15 This is partially reflected in Future of Jobs Survey data,which shows significant expectations for the transformative impact of these technologies in these five countr

101、ies(more than 60%of respondents in each);but much lower expectations among employers headquartered in Sub-Saharan Africa(39%),Central Asia(45%)and the Middle East and North Africa(44%).0250,000300,000150,000200,00050,000100,00001/202204/202207/202210/202201/202304/202307/202310/202301/202404/202407/

102、202410/2024EnrolmentsSourceCoursera analysis.Demand for generative AI skillsFIGURE B1.1Generative AI enrolment trend 2022-2024.Total consumer enrolmentsTotal enterprise enrolmentsEnrolment monthDemand for generative AI skillsBOX 1.1Coursera data generated for the Future of Jobs Report 2025 reveals s

103、ignificant growth in demand for Generative AI training among both individual learners and enterprises(Figure B1.1).Demand for AI skills has accelerated globally,with India and the United States leading in enrolment numbers.However,the drivers of demand differ.In the United States demand is primarily

104、 driven by individual users,whereas in India,corporate sponsorship plays a significant role in boosting GenAI training uptake.Globally,individual learners on Coursera have focused on foundational GenAI skills and conceptual topics,such as prompt engineering,trustworthy AI practices,and strategic dec

105、ision-making around AI.Institution-sponsored learners,on the other hand,emphasize practical applications within the workplace,including leveraging AI tools to enhance efficiency in Excel or leveraging the technology to develop applications.These trends reflect a tailored approach to GenAI learning,w

106、here individuals focus on foundational knowledge-building while organizations prioritize training that delivers immediate workplace productivity gains.In collaboration with CourseraFuture of Jobs Report 202312Economic uncertaintyAs of early 2025,the global economic outlook appears to be shaped by a

107、combination of cautious optimism and persistent uncertainties.According to the World Economic Forums September 2024 Chief Economists Outlook,16 while there are signs of improving global conditions,vulnerabilities persist.Most surveyed chief economists(54%)expect economic conditions to hold steady in

108、 the short term.However,among those anticipating change,more expect conditions to worsen rather than strengthen.The 2024 economic performance was marked by a global decrease in inflation and an unusually resilient economy throughout the disinflationary process.While easing inflation and looser monet

109、ary policy offer some optimism,slow growth and political volatility keep many countries at risk of economic shocks.The International Monetary Fund(IMF)projects growth to hold steady at 3.2 percent in 2025,despite sizable downward growth revisions in a few economies,particularly low-income developing

110、 ones.17Despite this comparatively steady outlook,price pressures persist in many economies.Inflation remains particularly high in services at almost twice pre-pandemic levels and is especially persistent in low-income countries.Low-income countries are disproportionately affected by rising inflatio

111、nary pressures because of elevated food prices due to supply disruptions influenced by climate shocks,regional conflicts and geopolitical tensions.18 Against this backdrop,companies expect economic pressures to be among the most transformative drivers.Figure 1.1 shows rising cost of living remains a

112、 top concern,with half of all surveyed employers expecting it to drive transformation,making it the second-most influential trend.Slower economic growth is also a major concern,with 42%of respondents expecting it to impact their operations.Views on the impact of inflation and economic growth notably

113、 vary across regions.For example,in Sub-Saharan Africa,six in 10 respondents cite inflation as a key factor,whereas in Eastern and South-Eastern Asia,slower economic growth is seen as the more important issue.Finally,stricter anti-trust and competition regulations,though a lower priority overall,are

114、 expected to impact one in six employers globallyGeoeconomic fragmentationIntensifying geoeconomic tensions threaten trade and supply chains,with lower-income economies particularly vulnerable,given that essential goods like food and energy comprise a larger share of household expenditures in these

115、countries.19 Globally,governments are responding to geoeconomic challenges by imposing trade and investment restrictions,increasing subsidies,and adjusting industrial policies.The World Trade Organization(WTO)reports that trade restrictions doubled between 2020 and 2024,with the value of import rest

116、rictions reaching nearly 10%of global imports in 2024.20 These increasing protectionist measures may pose a medium-term risk to global economic growth,as they reduce opportunities for open innovation and technology transfer factors that historically fuelled growth in emerging economies during period

117、s of globalization.21This shift toward geoeconomic fragmentation carries substantial macroeconomic implications,with the IMF estimating potential global output losses from trade fragmentation ranging from 0.2%to 7%of GDP,and losses deepening in scenarios of technological decoupling.22 Emerging and d

118、eveloping economies are particularly vulnerable to such disruptions.For example,Sub-Saharan Africa could see long-term welfare losses of approximately 4%of GDP due to declining global integration.23The Future of Jobs Survey reveals that around one-third(34%)of surveyed employers see heightened geopo

119、litical tensions and conflicts as a key driver of organizational transformation.Meanwhile just over one-fifth of surveyed organizations identify increased restrictions on trade and investment(23%),as well as subsidies and industrial policies(21%),as factors reshaping their operations.Geoeconomic con

120、cerns vary by economy.Employers in Eastern Asia and Northern America identify rising geoeconomic fragmentation as a key driver shaping labour markets,with nearly half of surveyed employers in these regions citing this trend.These regions also show significant concern about restrictions on global tra

121、de and investment,though to a lesser extent than in the Middle East and North Africa.Economies with comparatively high trade volumes with the United States,China,or both such as Singapore(64%)and the Republic of Korea(71%)tend to expect greater transformation from each of these geoeconomic trends,as

122、 shown in Figure 1.3 below.Future of Jobs Report 202513On an industry level,as shown in Figure 1.4,sectors with a high degree of dependence on global supply chains,such as Automotive and Aerospace(46%),and Mining and Metals(55%),expect industry transformation driven by trade restrictions.By contrast

123、,industries with less exposure to global markets,such as Education,are less focused on this trend,with fewer than 14%of surveyed employers seeing trade restrictions as disruptive.Mining and Metals,Advanced Manufacturing,and Oil and Gas anticipate industry transformation stemming from increased gover

124、nment subsidies and industrial policies,with,respectively,31%,33%,and 40%of employers across these industries citing these factors;whereas more domestic-focused sectors such as Accommodation,Food,and Leisure expect minimal impact from such policies.The broader implications of geoeconomic fragmentati

125、on extend beyond individual business strategies to long-term economic stability and growth,and limit multilateral cooperation on critical issues such as climate change and pandemic preparedness.24Share of employers surveyed(%)03040506070802010CanadaRepublic of KoreaMalaysiaSaudi ArabiaSingaporeEgypt

126、MalaysiaNigeriaSingaporeThailandUzbekistanIndonesiaRepublic of KoreaMalaysiaSingaporeViet NamGeoeconomic trends,by economyFIGURE 1.3SourceWorld Economic Forum,Future of Jobs Survey 2024.Increased restrictions to global trade and investmentIncreased government subsidies and industrial policyIncreased

127、 geopolitical division and conflictsExposure to China and USExposure to ChinaExposure to USExposure to neither China nor USShare of employers surveyed that expect the stated geoeconomic trend to transform their business.Future of Jobs Report 202514Green transitionDespite an increasingly complex outl

128、ook for global climate negotiations,the green transition remains a priority for many organizations globally.Nearly half of surveyed employers(47%)anticipate the ramping up of efforts and investments to reduce carbon emissions as a key driver for organizational transformation.Similarly,41%expect that

129、 increased efforts and investments to adapt to climate change will drive significant organizational changes.These two trends rank 3rd and 6th,respectively,among the drivers of business transformation identified by the Future of Jobs Survey.These priorities have enabled green jobs to demonstrate resi

130、lience in recent years,with hiring rates in green sectors remaining relatively stable even throughout the pandemic-related disruptions of 2020.25 The Future of Jobs Survey finds that the industrial sector encompassing industries such as Automotive and Aerospace,and Mining and Metals anticipates sign

131、ificant organizational transformation as companies ramp up efforts to decarbonize:71%of employers in the Automotive and Aerospace industry and 69%of those in the Mining and Metals industry expect carbon emissions reductions to transform their organizations.Given the carbon-intensive nature of these

132、industries,26 decarbonization will significantly transform these industries and their workforces,with workers requiring upskilling and reskilling to transition to alternative jobs.A similar picture emerges across regions.For example,in South-Eastern Asia,72%of employers expect climate mitigation eff

133、orts to transform their Future of Jobs Report 202515Share of employers surveyed(%)1030354045505560252015Accommodation,Food,and LeisureAdvanced manufacturingAgriculture,forestry,and fishingAutomotive and AerospaceChemical and advanced materialsEducation and trainingElectronicsEnergy technology and ut

134、ilitiesFinancial services and capital marketsGovernment and public sectorInformation and technology servicesInfrastructureInsurance and pensions managementMedical and healthcare servicesMining and MetalsOil and gasProduction of consumer goodsProfessional ServicesReal estateRetail and wholesale of co

135、nsumer goodsSupply chain and transportationTelecommunicationsGeoeconomic trends,by industry clusterFIGURE 1.4SourceWorld Economic Forum,Future of Jobs Survey 2024.Increased geopolitical division and conflictsIncreased government subsidies and industrial policyIncreased restrictions to global trade a

136、nd investment Share of employers surveyed that expect the stated geoeconomic trend to transform their business.Mining and MetalsAutomotive and AerospaceChemical and advanced materialsOil and gasAdvanced manufacturingMining and MetalsAdvanced manufacturingChemical and advanced materialsOil and gasAut

137、omotive and AerospaceMining and MetalsChemical and advanced materialsAdvanced manufacturingOil and gasAutomotive and Aerospaceorganizations by 2030,while over half expect climate adaptation to do so.By contrast,in Central Asia,only 19%of respondents see climate trends as relevant to their business a

138、ctivities.As countries seek to meet climate goals,questions arise regarding whether their workforces are equipped with the necessary skills to meet the demands of a net-zero future.The shift toward sustainable practices will require specialized expertise which will incur transition costs,particularl

139、y for those working in production occupations such as assemblers and fabricators.27 Despite a global 12%increase in workers acquiring green skills between 2022 and 2023,demand continues to outpace supply,with the number of job postings requiring at least one green skill rising by nearly 22%over the

140、same period.To fully capitalize on opportunities created by the green transition and harness them in a way that is fair and inclusive,prioritizing green skilling is essential.Demographic shiftsThe world is currently experiencing two fundamental demographic shifts:an aging and declining working-age p

141、opulation predominantly in higher-income economies,due to declining birth rates and longer life expectancy,and a growing working-age population in many lower-income economies,where younger populations are progressively entering the labour market.In higher-income nations,aging populations are increas

142、ing dependency ratios,potentially putting greater pressure on a smaller pool of working-age individuals and raising concerns about long-term labour availability.In contrast,lower-income economies may benefit from a demographic dividend.These demographic shifts have a direct impact on global labour s

143、upply:currently balanced between lower-income(49%)and higher-income(51%)working-age populations,this distribution is expected to shift by 2050,with lower-income countries projected to hold 59%of the global working-age population.29 Geographies with a demographic dividend,such as India and Sub-Sahara

144、n African nations,will supply nearly two-thirds of new workforce entrants in the coming years.30 Findings from the Future of Jobs Survey indicate that for 40%of employers worldwide,aging and declining working-age populations are driving transformation,while 25%are being transformed by growing workin

145、g-age populations.Many high-income economies experience the combined effects of both trends.Certain countries,including Australia,Germany and Japan,experience more significant effects from declining working-age populations.While few companies operating in Sub-Saharan African countries expect to see

146、transformation due to aging and declining working age populations,their expectations regarding the impact of growing working-age populations are also relatively tempered,illustrating relatively greater concern with other macrotrends(Figure 1.5).Compared to global averages,employers facing the effect

147、s of aging population are more pessimistic about talent availability and expect facing bigger challenges in attracting industry talent.More encouragingly,with a shrinking labour pool,many of these companies(60%)increasingly prioritize transitioning current employees into growing roles as a key workf

148、orce strategy.Some observers have also predicted that aging high-income economies with shrinking labour forces might increasingly look to deeper automation to counterbalance some of these demographic trends.31 For example,the Future of Jobs Survey finds that employers expecting to be impacted by agi

149、ng populations are more likely to accelerate process automation(79%versus 73%globally)and advance workforce augmentation(67%versus 63%globally)in the next five years.Conversely,many economies actual ability to leverage demographic dividends will depend on their accompanying success,or otherwise,in i

150、nclusive job creation.According to the World Bank,over the next 10 years,an unprecedented 1.2 billion young people in emerging economies will become working-age adults,while the job market in these economies is only expected to create 420 million additional jobs risking leaving nearly 800 million yo

151、ung people in economic uncertainty.32 Encouragingly,employers responding to the Future of Jobs Survey that identify growing working-age populations as a driver of transformation plan to prioritize reskilling and upskilling,with 92%indicating they will be focusing on these strategies by 2030.Future o

152、f Jobs Report 2025161020304050706080001015202530354045505Lower-middle incomeHigh incomeUpper-middle incomeUnited Arab EmiratesGlobal:40%Global:25%BahrainSingaporeHong Kong SAR,ChinaSaudi ArabiaSwitzerlandAustraliaChinaViet NamIsraelAustriaCanadaKazakhstanSwedenBelgiumEstoniaFranceGermanyIrelandLatvi

153、aNorwaySpainUnited KingdomUnited States of AmericaDenmarkGreeceItalyMalaysiaNetherlandsPortugalSerbiaSloveniaSouth AfricaThailandArgentinaCzechiaHungaryRepublic of KoreaLithuaniaTrkiyeUzbekistanZimbabweJapanMexicoPolandRomaniaBrazilColombiaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaMoroccoNigeriaPhilippinesTunisiaDual impa

154、ct of declining and growing labour forces,by economy and income group,2025-2030FIGURE 1.5SourceWorld Economic Forum,Future of Jobs Survey 2024.Impacted by ageing and declining working-age popula-tions(%)Impacted by growing working-age populations(%)Share of surveyed employers impacted by growing wor

155、king-age populations and share of surveyed employers impacted by ageing and declining working-age populations.Future of Jobs Report 202517Jobs outlook Technological change,the green transition,economic uncertainty,geoeconomic fragmentation and demographic shifts are reshaping the labour market.This

156、chapter analyses how employers expect various kinds of jobs to grow and decline in response to these macrotrends and assesses the role of each of these trends in contributing to labour-market transformation.Total job growth and loss By combining respondents job growth and decline expectations with h

157、ard data on global employment collected by the ILO,the Future of Jobs Report 2025 estimates that,by 2030,on current predictions,new job creation and job displacement due to macrotrends will represent a combined total of 22%of todays total(formal)jobs.Specifically,macrotrend-driven creation of new jo

158、bs is estimated to amount to 170 million jobs,equivalent to 14%of todays total employment.This growth is expected to be offset by the displacement of 92 million current jobs,or 8%of total employment,resulting in a net growth of 78 million jobs(7%of todays total employment)by 2030,Figure 2.1 illustra

159、tes the total number of jobs expected to be created and displaced due to labour-market transformation relative to total employment today.Future of Jobs Report 2025January 202522.1SourceWorld Economic Forum,Future of Jobs Survey 2024;International Labour Organization,ILOSTAT.NotePlease refer to the A

160、ppendix for the methodology.Global employment change by 2030FIGURE 2.1Jobs destroyedJobs stableJobs createdOne million jobsIn the next five years,170 million jobs are projected to be created and 92 million jobs to be displaced,constituting a structural labour market churn of 22%of the 1.2 billion fo

161、rmal jobs in the dataset being studied.This amounts to a net employment increase of 7%,or 78 million jobs.Growing and declining jobsThe Future of Jobs Survey gathered insights from employers on job roles expected to grow,decline or remain stable within their organizations over the next five years.Re

162、spondents were then asked to identify the macrotrends and technological advancements driving job growth and decline in their organizations.Future of Jobs Report 202518According to the surveyed executives,the fastest-growing job roles by 2030,in percentage terms,tend to be driven by technological dev

163、elopments,such as advancements in AI and robotics and increasing digital access(See section 2.2).Leading the fastest growing jobs list are roles such as Big Data Specialist,FinTech Engineers,AI and Machine Learning Specialists and Software and Applications Developers(Figure 2.2).Data Entry ClerksBan

164、k Tellers and Related ClerksMaterial-Recording and Stock-Keeping ClerksDoor-To-Door Sales Workers,News andStreet Vendors,and Related WorkersAdministrative Assistants and Executive SecretariesLegal SecretariesPrinting and Related Trades WorkersLegal OfficialsPostal Service ClerksTelemarketersAccounti

165、ng,Bookkeeping and Payroll ClerksTransportation Attendants and ConductorsCashiers and Ticket ClerksGraphic DesignersClaims Adjusters,Examiners,and Investigators-40-20-40-20Big Data SpecialistsFinTech EngineersAI and Machine Learning SpecialistsSoftware and Applications DevelopersSecurity Management

166、SpecialistsData Warehousing SpecialistsAutonomous and Electric Vehicle SpecialistsUI and UX DesignersLight Truck or Delivery Services DriversInternet of Things SpecialistsData Analysts and ScientistsEnvironmental EngineersInformation Security AnalystsDevops EngineerRenewable Energy Engineers02010012

167、0Net growth(%)406080020100120Net growth(%)406080Top fastest growing jobsTop fastest declining jobsFastest-growing and fastest-declining jobs,2025-2030FIGURE 2.2SourceWorld Economic Forum,Future of Jobs Survey 2024.Top jobs by fastest net growth and net decline,projected by surveyed employersFuture o

168、f Jobs Report 202519While technology trends partly contribute to the growth of security-related roles such as Security Management Specialists,which ranks among the top five fastest-growing roles,increased geopolitical fragmentation contributes in large part to the growth of this role.Driven by the s

169、ame combination of technology and geoeconomic trends,another security-related role,Information Security Analysts,also appears among the top 15.Green and energy-transition roles,including Autonomous and Electric Vehicle Specialists,Environmental Engineers,and Renewable Energy Engineers,also feature w

170、ithin the top 15 fastest-growing roles.The growth of these roles is driven by increased efforts and investments to reduce carbon emissions and adapt to climate change.The growing adoption of energy generation,storage and distribution technologies,alongside other technology trends,are additional cont

171、ributing factors.By contrast,respondents expect the fastest-declining roles to include various clerical roles,such as Cashiers and Ticket Clerks,alongside Administrative Assistants and Executive Secretaries,Printing Workers,and Accountants and Auditors.Broadening digital access,AI and information pr

172、ocessing technologies,and robots and autonomous systems are the primary drivers for this decline.Aging and declining working-age populations and slower economic growth also contribute to the decline in clerical roles.Figure 2.3 provides the percentage growth and decline,alongside net growth outlook,

173、for all roles featured in the Future of Jobs Survey that meet response thresholds.Future of Jobs Report 202520-500+50+100-500+50+100Share of current workforce(%)Share of current workforce(%)Jobs displacedNet growth or declineJobs createdProjected job creation(blue)and displacement(purple)between 202

174、5 and 2030,as a percentage of total current employment in the corresponding job role.The projected net growth or decline for each occupation over the next five years(diamonds)is calculated by subtracting total job displacement from total job creation.SourceWorld Economic Forum,Future of Jobs Survey

175、2024.Note1Drafters,Engineering Technicians,and Mapping Technicians;2Farmworkers,Labourers,and Other Agricultural Workers;3Water Transportation Workers,including Ship and Marine Cargo Workers,Controllers,and Technicians;4Sheet and Structural Metal Workers,Moulders and Welders;5Sales Representatives,W

176、holesale and Manufacturing,Technical and Scientific Products;6Manufacturing,Mining,Construction,and Distribution Managers;7Door-To-Door Sales Workers,News and Street Vendors,and Related WorkersJob growth and decline(%),2025-2030FIGURE 2.3Big Data SpecialistsFinTech EngineersAI and Machine Learning S

177、pecialistsSoftware and Applications DevelopersSecurity Management SpecialistsData Warehousing SpecialistsAutonomous and Electric Vehicle SpecialistsUI and UX DesignersLight Truck or Delivery Services DriversInternet of Things SpecialistsData Analysts and ScientistsEnvironmental EngineersInformation

178、Security AnalystsDevops EngineerRenewable Energy EngineersRobotics EngineersBlockchain DevelopersData EngineersDigital Transformation SpecialistsProcess Automation SpecialistsSustainability SpecialistsRenewable Energy TechniciansSystem EngineersOrganisational Development SpecialistsOnline Learning M

179、anagersDigital Marketing and Strategy SpecialistsEnvironmental Protection ProfessionalsSolar Energy Installation and System EngineersDatabase and Network ProfessionalsCar,Van and Motorcycle DriversFull Stack EngineersFood Scientists and TechnologistsICT Operations and User Support Technicians1Drafte

180、rs,Engineering Technicians.E-commerce SpecialistsStrategic AdvisorsSocial Media StrategistHotel and Restaurant ManagersBusiness Development ProfessionalsPersonal Care AidesProduct ManagersBusiness Intelligence AnalystsEnergy EngineersAdvertising and Public Relations ProfessionalsDatabase Architects2

181、Farmworkers,Labourers,.Risk Management SpecialistsProject ManagersSales and Marketing ProfessionalsSocial Scientists and Related WorkersSupply Chain and Logistics SpecialistsEconomistsManagement and Organisation AnalystsUniversity and Higher Education Teachers3Water Transportation WorkersIndustrial

182、and Production EngineersChefs and CooksElectrotechnology EngineersNursing ProfessionalsMedia and Communication WorkersCivil EngineersRegulatory and Government Associate ProfessionalsTraining and Development SpecialistsChemists and Chemical Laboratory ScientistsMechanical EngineersArchitects and Surv

183、eyorsSecondary Education TeachersGarment and Related Trades WorkersFood Processing and Related Trades WorkersCompliance OfficersFinancial and Investment AdvisersHealth and Education Services Managers4Sheet and Structural Metal Workers.Arbitrators,Mediators,and ConciliatorsRelationship ManagersSpecia

184、l Education TeachersElectrical Equipment Installers and RepairersConstruction Laborers5Sales Representatives,Wholesale.Building Framers,Finishers,and Related Trades WorkersSales and Purchasing Agents and BrokersChemical Processing Plant OperatorsVocational Education TeachersSocial Work and Counselli

185、ng ProfessionalsPrimary School and Early Childhood Teachers6Manufacturing,Mining,Construction.Food and Beverage Serving WorkersShop SalespersonsPower Production Plant OperatorsManaging Directors and Chief ExecutivesHuman Resources SpecialistsGeneral and Operations ManagersFinancial AnalystsMechanics

186、 and Machinery RepairersHeavy Truck and Bus DriversLawyersMining,Petroleum and Other Extraction WorkersSurvey ResearchersAssembly and Factory WorkersChemical EngineersClient Information and Customer Service WorkersSecurity GuardsRecruiters and Technical RecruitersInsurance Underwriters,Valuers,and L

187、oss AssessorsBuilding Caretakers,Cleaners and HousekeepersParalegals and Legal AssistantsBusiness Services and Administration ManagersStatistical,Finance and Insurance ClerksAccountants and AuditorsConcierges and Hotel Desk ClerksCredit and Loans OfficersTelemarketersLegal SecretariesLegal officials

188、Claims Adjusters,Examiners,and InvestigatorsGraphic Designers7Door-To-Door Sales Workers.Transportation Attendants and ConductorsMaterial-Recording and Stock-Keeping ClerksAccounting,Bookkeeping and Payroll ClerksPrinting and Related Trades WorkersAdministrative Assistants and Executive SecretariesC

189、ashiers and Ticket ClerksData Entry ClerksBank Tellers and Related ClerksPostal Service ClerksFuture of Jobs Report 202521To approximate the total impact of job growth and decline,this report combines the job outlook expectations of surveyed employers with estimates of the total number of workers in

190、 the corresponding roles,based on ILO employment data.However,the Future of Jobs data set only provides information on roles for which survey data availability meets a minimum coverage threshold,and corresponds to 1.18 billion workers in total,which is a subset of the ILOs total employment data.The

191、conclusions derived for this subset should not be treated as comprehensive,but rather as providing insights on selected segments of the global workforce.Figure 2.4 shows the 15 largest net growth and decline job roles in absolute numbers.The highest growth in absolute numbers of jobs is driven by ro

192、les that make up the core of many economies.Farmworkers top the list of the largest growing job roles in the next five years and are expected to see 35 million more jobs by 2030.Green transition trends,including increased efforts and investments to reduce carbon emissions and adapt to climate change

193、,are the driving forces behind this job growth.Broadening digital access and rising cost of living also contribute to the growth of this job role,which currently employs more than 200 million workers worldwide.Delivery Drivers,Building Construction Workers,Salespersons and Food Processing Workers ar

194、e also among the largest-growing job types in the next five years.While technology is impacting growth in almost all occupations,demographic trends and economic trends also contribute to the projected net increase in these job roles.Care jobs,including Nursing Professionals,Social Work and Counselli

195、ng Professionals,and Personal Care Aides are expected to see significant growth over the next five years,driven by demographic trends,especially aging populations.Increased focus on labour and social issues is also identified as a contributing factor.Education-related roles such as University and Hi

196、gher Education Teachers and Secondary Education Teachers are also predicted to be among the biggest job creators in absolute terms over the next five years globally.Broadening digital access and growing working-age populations are the top two contributing drivers of this job growth,while increased f

197、ocus on labour and social issues is seen as an additional factor.Additionally,Software and Applications Developers,General and Operations Managers,and Project Managers,are among the job categories driving the most net job growth.Conversely,in parallel to the fastest-declining job roles,Clerical and

198、Secretarial Workers are among the job categories predicted to see the largest net job decline in absolute terms(Figure 2.5).Section 2.2 further analyses the impact of each of the five identified labour-market macrotrends on growing and declining jobs.However,there is also a group of large and growin

199、g jobs that are driven by many trends in combination.This includes Building Framers,Finishers,and Related Trades Workers;Light Truck or Delivery Services Drivers;Car,Van and Motorcycle Drivers;General and Operations Managers;and Social Work and Counselling Professionals.For these jobs,it is the broa

200、d sweep of transformative forces,rather than one or two specific labour-market drivers,which is generating growth expectations.Future of Jobs Report 202522Building Caretakers,Cleaners and HousekeepersAdministrative Assistants and Executive SecretariesTransportation Attendants and ConductorsBank Tell

201、ers and Related ClerksPrinting and Related Trades WorkersBusiness Services and Administration ManagersAccounting,Bookkeeping and Payroll ClerksGraphic DesignersCashiers and Ticket ClerksClaims Adjusters,Examiners,and InvestigatorsAccountants and AuditorsSecurity GuardsMaterial-Recording and Stock-Ke

202、eping ClerksData Entry ClerksClient Information and Customer Service Workers-15Farmworkers,Labourers,and Other Agricultural WorkersLight Truck or Delivery Services DriversSoftware and Applications DevelopersBuilding Framers,Finishers,and Related Trades WorkersShop SalespersonsFood Processing and Rel

203、ated Trades WorkersCar,Van and Motorcycle DriversNursing ProfessionalsFood and Beverage Serving WorkersGeneral and Operations ManagersSocial Work and Counselling ProfessionalsProject ManagersUniversity and Higher Education TeachersSecondary Education TeachersPersonal Care AidesMillions of jobsMillio

204、ns of jobs1520253035105-5-100Top largest growing jobsTop largest declining jobs-151520253035105-5-100Largest growing and declining jobs,2025-2030FIGURE 2.4SourceWorld Economic Forum,Future of Jobs Survey 2024;International Labour Organization,ILOSTAT.Top jobs,ordered by largest net job growth and de

205、cline,in absolute terms,calculated based on ILO occupation employment statistics and expected net growth reported by employers surveyed.Future of Jobs Report 20252315 largest growing jobs15 largest declining jobsMillions of jobsSourceWorld Economic Forum,Future of Jobs Survey 2024;International Labo

206、ur Organization,ILOSTAT.Job growth and decline(number of employees),2025-2030FIGURE 2.5Projected job creation(blue)and displacement(purple)between 2025 and 2030,in absolute number of jobs,estimated by surveyed employers and calculated based on ILO occupational employment statistics.Projected net num

207、ber of jobs created or displaced for each occupation over the next five years(diamonds)is calculated by subtracting total job displacement from total job creation.Future of Jobs Report 202524Expected impact of macrotrends on employmentThe remainder of this chapter discusses how Future of Jobs Survey

208、 respondents expect each of the five macrotrends driving labour market transformation technological change,geoeconomic fragmentation,green transition,demographic shifts and economic uncertainty to influence job growth and decline by 2030(see Figure 2.6).Technological changeTechnology is predicted to

209、 be the most divergent driver of labour-market change,with broadening digital access expected to both create and displace more jobs than any other macrotrend(19 million and 9 million,respectively).Meanwhile,trends in AI and information processing technology are expected to create 11 million jobs,whi

210、le simultaneously displacing 9 million others,more than any other technology trend.Robotics and autonomous systems are expected to be the largest net job displacer,with a net decline of 5 million jobs.These three trends broadening digital access,advancements in AI and information processing,and robo

211、tics and autonomous systems technologies also feature prominently as drivers of the fastest growing and declining jobs.In fact,2.2Expected impact of macrotrends and technology trends on jobs,2025-2030FIGURE 2.6SourceWorld Economic Forum,Future of Jobs Survey 2024;International Labour Organization,IL

212、OSTAT.Jobs displacedNet effectJobs created9.9M9.1M5.5M5.2M3.8M3.1M2.8M1.8M1.3M1.0M0.9M0.9M0.8M0.7M0.6M0.3M0.2M0.1M0.1M-1.6M-4.8MProjected job creation attributed to each trend(blue)and projected job displacement attributed to each trend(purple)between 2025 and 2030,based on the job growth and declin

213、e attribution expectations of surveyed employers and ILO employment figures by occupation.The projected net number of jobs created or destroyed attributed to each trend in the next five years(diamonds)is calculated by subtracting the total number of declining jobs from the total number of growing jo

214、bs.The Appendix provides additional details and the data behind this figure.Broadening digital accessGrowing working-age populationsIncreased efforts and investments to adapt to climate changeIncreased focus on labour and social issuesAgeing and declining working-age populationsIncreased efforts and

215、 investments to reduce carbon emissionsIncreased government subsidies and industrial policyAI and information processing technologies(big data,VR,AR etc.)Increased restrictions to global trade and investmentEnergy generation,storage and distributionIncreased geopolitical division and conflictsNew ma

216、terials and compositesRising cost of living,higher prices or inflationStricter anti-trust and competition regulationsSemiconductors and computing technologiesQuantum and encryptionBiotechnology and gene technologiesSensing,laser and optical technologiesSatellites and space technologiesSlower economi

217、c growthRobots and autonomous systemsFuture of Jobs Report 202525they are among the top drivers of growth for the 10 fastest-growing jobs:AI and information processing technologies are among the top three drivers of growth for all 10 of these jobs;whereas broadening digital access is a top three dri

218、ver for nine out of these 10(all except Autonomous and Electric Vehicle Specialists);and robotics and autonomous systems technologies for seven out of these 10(all except Security Management Specialists,UI and UX Designers,and Light Truck or Delivery Services Drivers).In addition,of the 10 fastest-a

219、nd 10 largest-declining roles,only two(Printing and Related Trades Workers,and Building Caretakers,Cleaners and Housekeepers)feature other trends among their top three drivers of job decline.By contrast,the largest-growth jobs are influenced by a broader range of macrotrends.The three technology-bas

220、ed trends stand out as expected growth drivers only for light truck and delivery services drivers,software and applications developers,and nursing professionals.This projected growth in demand for nursing professionals is also driven by aging and declining working-age populations,further explored in

221、 the demographic shifts section of this chapter.The presence of both Graphic Designers and Legal Secretaries just outside the top 10 fastest-declining job roles,a first-time prediction not seen in previous editions of the Future of Jobs Report,may illustrate GenAIs increasing capacity to perform kno

222、wledge work.Job decline in both roles is seen as driven by both AI and information processing technologies as well as by broadening digital access.This is a major change from the reports 2023 edition,when Graphic Designers were considered a moderately growing job and Legal Secretaries did not featur

223、e in the expected job growth/decline list.The Shifting human-machine frontier:automation versus augmentationThe interplay between humans,machines and algorithms is redefining job roles across industries.Automation is expected to drive changes in peoples ways of working,with the proportional share of

224、 tasks performed solely or predominantly by humans expected to decline as technology becomes more versatile.Future of Jobs Survey respondents estimate that,today,47%of work tasks are performed mainly by humans alone,with 22%performed mainly by technology(machines and algorithms),and 30%completed by

225、a combination of both.By 2030,employers expect these proportions to be nearly evenly split across these three categories/approaches(Figure 2.7).Globally,the expected reduction in the proportion of work tasks performed by humans is driven primarily by increased automation.Of the nearly 15 percentage

226、point reduction in the proportion of total work tasks delivered by humans in 2030 versus 2025,nearly 82%is attributable to advancing automation,while 19%is projected to derive from expanded human-machine collaboration(Figure 2.8).PeopleCombinationTechnology30%22%47%34%33%33%0Now100755025Share of tas

227、ks(%)By 2030The shifting human-machine frontier:automation versus augmentation,2025-2030FIGURE 2.7SourceWorld Economic Forum,Future of Jobs Survey 2024.Share of total work tasks expected to be delivered predominantly by human workers,by technology(machines and algorithms),or by a combination of both

228、.Future of Jobs Report 202526Importantly,this analysis only compares the 2025 and 2030 proportions of total task delivery attributable to human employees,technology or collaboration between the two,respectively,and does not consider the potential change in the absolute amount of work tasks(output)ge

229、tting done.In other words,both machines and humans might be significantly more productive in 2030 performing more or higher value tasks in the same or less amount of time than it would have taken them to do so in 2025 so any concern about humans“running out of things to do”due to automation would be

230、 misplaced.However,a potentially more complex question raised by these projections concerns the on-going share of total economic value creation participated in by human workers:If an increasing amount of a firms total output and income is derived from advanced machines and proprietary algorithms,to

231、what extent will human workers be able to share in this prosperity?33 It is in this context that the relevance of the third category/approach,human-machine collaboration(or“augmentation”)should be highlighted:technology could be designed and developed in a way that complements and enhances,rather th

232、an displaces,human work;and,as discussed further in the next chapter(Box 3.1),talent development,reskilling and upskilling strategies may be designed and delivered in a way to enable and optimize human-machine collaboration.34 It is the investment decisions and policy choices made today that will sh

233、ape these outcomes in the coming years.35 At an industry level,while all sectors are expected to see a reduction in the proportion of work tasks performed by humans alone by 2030,they differ in the share of this reduction that is projected to be attributable to automation versus augmentation and hum

234、an-machine collaboration(Figure 2.9).Insurance and Pensions Management and Telecommunications are leading the automation trend with more than 95%of human standalone task share reduction in both sectors expected to derive from deeper automation.By contrast,nearly half of the proportional reduction in

235、 work tasks done by humans alone in the Medical and Healthcare Services and Government and Public sectors are instead expected to be driven by increased augmentation and human-machine collaboration.In four sectors Oil and Gas,Chemicals and Advanced Materials,Financial Services and Capital Markets,an

236、d Electronics automation is projected not only to reduce the proportion of total work tasks predominantly done today standalone by humans,but even to reduce the share of total work tasks currently delivered through human-machine collaboration(resulting in calculated“automation shares”of more than 10

237、0%,as depicted in Figure 2.9).47%33%Automation81.5%0Now100755025By 2030Expected shift in the human share of work task delivery in total firm output driven by automation versus augmentation,2025-2030,global averageFIGURE 2.8SourceWorld Economic Forum,Future of Jobs Survey 2024.Change in proportion of

238、 human-performed tasks attributable to increasing automation.Future of Jobs Report 202527Agriculture,forestry,and fishingTelecommunicationsInsurance and pensions management93%96%97%355128402541Expected shift in the human share of work task delivery in total firm output driven by automation versus au

239、gmentation,2025-2030,by industryFIGURE 2.9Change in proportion of human-performed tasks attributable to increasing automation.Medical and healthcare servicesGovernment and public sectorAdvanced manufacturingEnergy technology and utilitiesRetail and wholesale of consumer goods34503453314332434256Prof

240、essional servicesInfrastructureEducation and trainingReal estateAcommodation,food,and leisureInformation and technology servicesMining and metalsProduction of consumer goodsSupply chain and transportationAutomotive and aerospace54%59%63%65%66%71%74%76%78%80%84%85%87%89%54%Automation(%)31523651395742

241、64435526412842324534493146ElectronicsFinancial services and capital markets25402844100%100%Future of Jobs Report 202528SourceWorld Economic Forum,Future of Jobs Survey 2024.Share of tasks done predominantly by people todayShare of tasks done predominantly by people by 2030Chemical and advanced mater

242、ialsOil and gas113%146%28382636Geoeconomic fragmentationThe Future of Jobs Survey asked employers about the impacts of three key geoeconomic trends:increased government subsidies and industrial policy;increased geopolitical division and conflicts;and increased restrictions to global trade and invest

243、ment.On average,respondents expect these trends to be net job creators.Although projected to be three of the four lowest net job-creating macrotrends above only slower economic growth these estimates still equate to 5 million net additional jobs by 2030,most prominently in logistics,security and str

244、ategy roles.Increased government subsidies and industrial policy are expected to drive increased demand for Business Intelligence Analysts and Business Development Professionals.Increased restrictions to global trade and investment are also predicted to drive growth in these roles,as well as in Stra

245、tegic Advisors and Supply Chain and Logistics specialists.Increased geopolitical division and conflicts,meanwhile,are projected to drive growth in all of the aforementioned roles,in addition to Information Security Analysts and Security Management Specialists.The Future of Jobs Survey also asked res

246、pondents whether they expected to offshore parts of their workforce,or move operations closer to home through reshoring,nearshoring,or friendshoring.An analysis of the responses to these questions for the subset of employers who expect geoeconomic trends to affect their business provides insight int

247、o how these trends affect workforce decisions.Table 2.1 shows the share of employers who expect each geoeconomic trend to transform their business that additionally also expect to offshore or re-shore significant segments of their workforce.All three geoeconomic trends analysed appear to drive more

248、re-shoring,with respondents who expect their business to be transformed by increasing restrictions to global trade and investment 50%more likely to plan to reshore than the global average employer.Employers who expect government subsidies and industrial policy to transform their business,however,are

249、 almost as likely to plan to offshore as they are to reshoreImpact of geoeconomic trends on off-shoring and re-shoringTABLE 2.1Share of employers who expect the specified trend to transform their business who plan to off-shore or re-shore significant segments of their workforce.Off-shoreRe-shoringGl

250、obal Average8.39.5Increased government subsidies and industrial policy 11.212.4Increased geopolitical division and conflicts9.313.2Increased restrictions to global trade and investment 8.714.5Source:World Economic Forum,Future of Jobs Survey 2024.Future of Jobs Report 202529Green transitionClimate c

251、hange adaptation is expected to be the third-largest contributor to net growth in global jobs by 2030,projected to contribute an additional 5 million net jobs,while climate-change mitigation comes in 6th with an additional 3 million net jobs.Trends in energy generation,storage and distribution,meanw

252、hile,are expected to create an additional 1 million net jobs the second-largest technology-based contribution to net job growth(after trends in AI and information processing technology).Expectations around climate-change adaptation and mitigation trends are pushing Environmental Engineers and Renewa

253、ble Energy Engineers into the top 15 fastest-growing jobs,as well as driving growth in roles such as Sustainability Specialists and Renewable Energy Technicians.This is corroborated by evidence that“green hiring”has consistently outperformed overall labour-market hiring trends in recent years(Box 2.

254、1).Both green transition-related macrotrends are also expected to drive some of the largest labour-market transformation,in absolute terms,in the global economy.This includes being the largest drivers of both job growth and decline in Farmworkers,Labourers,and Other Agricultural Workers as well as b

255、eing among the strongest drivers of net job growth for Building Framers,Finishers and Related Trades Workers.Green hiring ratesBOX 2.1LinkedIn data,generated up to July 2024 for the Future of Jobs Report 2025,assesses the progression of green hiring rates compared to overall hiring rates.By comparin

256、g the share of LinkedIn members with green skills being hired with the overall hiring rate,it is possible to assess differences in employment outcomes between these two groups.Figure B2.1 shows that LinkedIn members with green skills are being hired at a significantly higher rate than other members.

257、Despite a dip in green hiring throughout 2021 and early 2022,green hiring has consistently outperformed the overall hiring,and this outperformance has been consistently getting larger since its low point of May 2022.In collaboration with LinkedIn050603040102001/202104/202107/202110/202101/202204/202

258、207/202210/202201/202404/202407/202401/202304/202307/202310/2023Hiring rate(%)SourceLinkedIn analysis.Green hiring ratesFIGURE B2.1Outperformance in hiring rate for LinkedIn members with green skills versus all LinkedIn members,percent,January 2021 to July 2024MonthFuture of Jobs Report 202530Demogr

259、aphic shiftsGrowing working-age populations are the macrotrend expected to be the second-biggest driver of global net job creation with 9 million net additional jobs by 2030 surpassed only by broadening digital access.Aging and declining working-age populations,meanwhile,are simultaneously expected

260、to be,overall,the third-largest driver of job creation(11 million additional jobs)as well the primary factor in a global reduction in 7 million jobs,making this trend the 5th largest driver of net job creation,on balance,resulting in 4 million net additional jobs by 2030.These two demographic trends

261、 are notably among the top three drivers of growth in roles for Assembly and Factory Workers and Vocational Education Teachers.Aging and declining working-age populations also appear to drive growth in roles for Nurses,Sales and Hospitality professionals as well as being among the largest drivers of

262、 growth for shop salespersons,wholesale and manufacturing sales representatives,food and beverage serving workers and food processing and related trades workers.Growing working age populations,meanwhile,are expected to be a key driver of growth for Education roles,including University and Higher Edu

263、cation Teachers and Secondary Education Teachers.Economic uncertaintySlower economic growth is the only macrotrend that Future of Jobs Survey respondents expect to drive more job destruction(3 million jobs)than creation(2 million jobs),while rising cost of living and higher prices are expected to dr

264、ive job creation of 4 million jobs and displacement of 3 million jobs by 2030.These two trends are both significant contributors to an expected decline in roles for Building Caretakers,Cleaners,and Housekeepers,while slower economic growth is also among the top contributors to job decline in Busines

265、s Services and Administration Managers,General and Operations Managers,and Sales and Marketing Professionals.However,slower economic growth is also projected to be a top driver for growth in roles such as Business Development Professionals and Sales Representatives.Growth in roles driven by increasi

266、ng cost of living is concentrated in jobs associated with finding ways of increasing efficiency,such as AI and Machine Learning Specialists,Business Development Professionals,and Supply Chain and Logistics Specialists.Future of Jobs Report 202531Skills outlook This chapter presents the results of th

267、e Future of Jobs Survey concerning skills,as classified by the World Economic Forums Global Skills Taxonomy.36 It begins by analysing respondents expectations of skill disruption by 2030,as well as the skills currently required for work and whether employers anticipate these skills will increase or

268、decrease in importance over the next five years.The chapter then assesses the skills expected to become core skills by 2030,based on their current significance and anticipated evolution.It also contrasts the skills required for growing and declining jobs,revealing windows of opportunity for enabling

269、 dynamic job transitions.Finally,it offers an overview of the key drivers of skill transformation and concludes with an exploration of anticipated training needs and trends.Expected disruptions to skillsWhen the Future of Jobs Report was first published in 2016,surveyed employers expected that 35%of

270、 workers skills would face disruption in the coming years.The COVID-19 pandemic,along with rapid advancements in frontier technologies,led to significant disruptions in working life and skills,prompting respondents to predict high levels of skills instability in subsequent editions of the report.The

271、 post-pandemic period,however,has seen employers adapt to these changes.The accelerated adoption of digital tools,remote work solutions,and advanced technologies such as machine learning and generative AI provided companies with relevant experience to better understand the critical skills required t

272、o navigate rapid technological change.Despite current uncertainty around the long-term impact of generative AI,the expected ongoing pace of disruption of skills has begun to stabilize,albeit at a high level.Overall,employers expect 39%of workers core skills to change by 2030(Figure 3.1).While this r

273、epresents significant ongoing skill disruption,it is down from 44%in 2023.One element contributing to this finding may be a growing focus on continuous learning,upskilling and reskilling programmes,enabling companies to better anticipate and manage future skill requirements.This is reflected in an i

274、ncreasing share of the workforce(50%)having completing training as part of long-term learning strategies compared to 2023(41%)a finding that is consistent across almost all industries.This is discussed further in section 3.3.Future of Jobs Report 2025January 202533.1Future of Jobs Report 20253244%56

275、%57%43%42%58%35%65%Core skills which will change in the next five yearsCore skills which will remain the same in the next five years61%39%02016100755025Share of worker skill sets(%)Survey year2018202020232025Disruptions to skillsFIGURE 3.1SourceWorld Economic Forum Future of Jobs Surveys 2016,2018,2

276、020,2022 and 2024.NoteValues reported are the mean skill stability percentages estimated by employers surveyed in each edition of the survey.Evolution in the share of workers core skills expected to change and to remain the same within the next five years,2016-2025.However,the extent of skills disru

277、ption is not uniform across economies and industries.Lower-middle and upper middle-income economies and those affected by conflict tend to expect greater disruption in workers skills,while high-income economies foresee less instability(Figure 3.2).Future of Jobs Report 202533Share of skills expected

278、 to change(%)Disruption to skills 2025-2030,by economyFIGURE 3.2SourceWorld Economic Forum,Future of Jobs Survey 2024.NoteValues reported are the mean skill stability percentages estimated by organizations surveyed.Share of workers core skills that will change in the next five yearsEgyptZimbabwe48%4

279、8%44%Portugal02030405010ColombiaTrkiyeIsraelBahrainArgentinaSwitzerlandMalaysiaUnited Arab EmiratesNigeriaKazakhstanSaudi ArabiaMexicoGreeceAllSerbiaAustriaPhilippinesItalyKorea,Republic ofCanadaIndiaViet NamLatviaMoroccoIrelandNorwaySpainEstoniaRomaniaSloveniaBrazilSouth AfricaIndonesiaUzbekistanHu

280、ngarySingaporeAustraliaThailandTunisiaHong Kong SAR,ChinaUnited States of AmericaBelgiumLithuaniaSwedenJapanGermanyChinaFranceUnited KingdomPolandCzechiaNetherlandsDenmark44%44%43%42%42%41%41%41%41%40%40%40%39%39%39%38%38%38%38%38%38%37%37%37%37%37%37%37%37%37%37%36%36%36%36%36%35%35%35%35%35%35%35%

281、34%34%34%33%33%33%31%30%30%28%Future of Jobs Report 202534Core skillsFigure 3.3 shows the core skills Future of Jobs Survey respondents identify as required by workers today.As in the two previous editions of this report,analytical thinking remains the top core skill for employers,with seven out of

282、10 companies considering it as essential.This is followed by resilience,flexibility and agility,along with leadership and social influence,underscoring the critical role of adaptability and collaboration alongside cognitive skills.Creative thinking and motivation and self-awareness rank fourth and f

283、ifth,respectively.This combination of cognitive,self-efficacy and interpersonal skills within the top five emphasizes the importance ascribed by respondents to having an agile,innovative and collaborative workforce,where both problem-solving abilities and personal resilience are critical for success

284、.The top 10 core skills are complemented by technological literacy,empathy and active listening,curiosity and lifelong learning,talent management,and service orientation and customer service.Skills that reflect the important role of technical proficiency,strong interpersonal abilities,emotional inte

285、lligence,and a commitment to continuous learning demonstrate respondents expectation that workers must balance hard and soft skills to thrive in todays work environments.While the core skill sets are relatively consistent across broader industries and geographical regions,there are notable distincti

286、ons within specific sectors and geographies.For instance,the Insurance and Pensions Management industry places a significantly higher value on curiosity and lifelong learning,with 83%of respondents identifying it as a core skill compared to the global average of 50%.Resilience,flexibility and agilit

287、y are also considered as especially crucial in this sector,with 94%of respondents emphasizing their importance versus a global average of 67%.Working with othersEngagement skillsCognitive skillsPhysical abilitiesEthicsTechnology skillsSelf-efficacyManagement skills020100406080SourceWorld Economic Fo

288、rum,Future of Jobs Survey 2024.NoteThe Future of Jobs Survey uses the World Economic Forums Global Skills Taxonomy.Core skills in 2025FIGURE 3.3Share of employers who consider the stated skills to be core skills for their workforce.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26

289、.Share of employers surveyed(%)Analytical thinkingResilience,flexibility and agilityLeadership and social influenceCreative thinkingMotivation and self-awarenessTechnological literacyEmpathy and active listeningCuriosity and lifelong learningTalent managementService orientation and customer serviceA

290、I and big dataSystems thinkingResource management and operationsDependability and attention to detailQuality controlTeaching and mentoringNetworks and cybersecurityDesign and user experienceMulti-lingualismMarketing and mediaReading,writing and mathematicsEnvironmental stewardshipProgrammingManual d

291、exterity,endurance and precisionGlobal citizenshipSensory-processing abilities69%67%61%57%52%51%50%50%47%47%45%42%41%37%35%26%25%25%23%21%21%20%17%14%13%6%Future of Jobs Report 202535The Mining and Metals industry distinguishes itself with a strong focus on environmental stewardship,as 50%of respond

292、ents view it as a core skill 2.5 times the global average.This emphasis on environmental skills is also evident in the Government and Public Sector,where it is double the global average.Additionally,both the Mining and Metals and Advanced Manufacturing industries place higher importance on manual de

293、xterity,endurance and precision skills compared to other sectors,with roughly 25%of respondents identifying this as a core skill.The Telecommunications industry stands out for prioritizing design and user experience,networks and cybersecurity,and programming skills,with twice the global average of r

294、espondents considering these as core skills in their organizations.Similarly,the Information and Technology Services sector places greater emphasis on programming skills.Compared to the 2023 edition of this report,some significant shifts in core skills have emerged.Leadership and social influence,AI

295、 and big data,talent management,and service orientation and customer service have all seen marked increases in relevance.Conversely,skills like dependability,attention to detail,and quality control have decreased in importance for organizations compared to the 2023 data.Overall,leadership and social

296、 influence,resilience,flexibility and agility,and AI and big data have seen the most substantial increase in importance,with 22,17,and 17 percentage-point rises,respectively,in the share of respondents identifying them as core skills compared to the 2023 edition of the report.Future of Jobs Report 2

297、02536100Share of employers surveyed(%)40608010020204006080Skills on the rise,2025-2030FIGURE 3.4SourceWorld Economic Forum,Future of Jobs Survey 2024.NoteThe Future of Jobs Survey uses the World Economic Forums Global Skills Taxonomy.Share of employers that consider skills to be increasing,decreasin

298、g,or remaining stable in importance.Skills are ranked based on net increase,which is the difference between the share of employers that consider a skill category to be increasing in use and those that consider it to be decreasing in use.Decreasing useIncreasing useStable use8770686666615858555351474

299、64541302725242019161312-4-24Net increaseAI and big dataNetworks and cybersecurityTechnological literacyCreative thinkingResilience,flexibility and agilityCuriosity and lifelong learningLeadership and social influenceTalent managementAnalytical thinkingEnvironmental stewardshipSystems thinkingMotivat

300、ion and self-awarenessEmpathy and active listeningDesign and user experienceService orientation and customer serviceTeaching and mentoringProgrammingMarketing and mediaResource management and operationsQuality controlGlobal citizenshipMulti-lingualismSensory-processing abilitiesDependability and att

301、ention to detailReading,writing and mathematicsManual dexterity,endurance and precisionSkill evolutionAccording to employer expectations for the evolution of skills in the next five years,as shown in Figure 3.4,technological skills are projected to grow in importance more rapidly than any other type

302、 of skills.Among these,AI and big data top the list as the fastest-growing skills,followed closely by networks and cybersecurity and technological literacy.Complementing these technological skills,creative thinking and two socio-emotional attitudes resilience,flexibility,and agility,along with curio

303、sity and lifelong learning are also seen as rising in importance.Also ranking among the top 10 skills on the rise are leadership and social influence,talent management,analytical thinking,and environmental stewardship.These skills highlight the need for workers who can lead teams,manage talent effec

304、tively and adapt to sustainability and green transitions in an increasingly complex and interconnected world.At the other end of the spectrum,respondents identified sensory-processing abilities;reading,writing and mathematics;dependability and attention to detail;quality control;and global citizensh

305、ip as among the most stable skills.However,a small net decline is anticipated in reading,writing,and mathematics.Manual Future of Jobs Report 202537dexterity,endurance,and precision stands out with a notable anticipated net decline,with 24%of respondents foreseeing a decrease in its importance.The d

306、eclining relevance of physical abilities has been a trend in previous Future of Jobs Reports,but this is the first time it has seen a net negative decline.Comparisons with previous editions of the Future of Jobs Survey reveal a notable shift in skill demands,with technology skills such as AI and big

307、 data,networks and cybersecurity,and environmental stewardship showing the largest net increase in the share of respondents identifying them as critical for the next five years.Conversely,skills like reading,writing,and mathematics;manual dexterity,endurance,and precision;and dependability and atten

308、tion to detail have seen the largest decline in projected future demand.Figure 3.5 illustrates industry-specific variations in the evolving importance of skills.AI and big data are predicted to see significant growth across nearly all sectors.In the top 10 industries,over 90%of respondents expect th

309、is skill to increase in use.The lowest growth shares are observed in Agriculture,Forestry,and Fishing(70%)and Accommodation,Food,and lLisure industries(69%).This highlights a broad-based but uneven embrace of advanced technological skills across industries.Resilience,flexibility and agility are grow

310、ing in demand more quickly in the Agriculture,Forestry,and Fishing;Telecommunications;and Information and Technology Services sectors.The Insurance and Pensions Management industry stands out as the industry forecasting the fastest growth in importance in creative thinking skills.This industry,along

311、 with Education and Training and Telecommunications forecast fast growth in the importance of curiosity and lifelong learning.Increasing skill demands in environmental stewardship skills are particularly evident in the Oil and Gas and Chemical and Advanced Materials industries.Furthermore,the net de

312、cline in the demand for manual dexterity,endurance,and precision skills is observed across sectors,with the most significant decreases in Energy Technology and Utilities,Chemicals and Advanced Materials,and Information Technology Services,each experiencing declines exceeding 39%.By contrast,the Acco

313、mmodation,Food,and Leisure sector and the Automotive and Aerospace industries show the smallest declines,with net reductions below 14%.Future of Jobs Report 202538FIGURE 3.5Share of employers considering skills within the corresponding skill category to be growing in importance for their workforce f

314、rom 2025 to 2030,as opposed to having stable or declining importance.The top 10 industries out of the 22 studied in this report are selected in each case and ranked.86%79%76%76%75%75%73%69%69%69%Creative thinking1.Insurance and pensions management2.Education and training3.Medical and healthcare serv

315、ices4.Advanced manufacturing5.Telecommunications6.Information and technology services7.Real estate8.Professional services9.Supply chain and transportation10.Production of consumer goods79%77%75%68%68%68%67%67%64%64%Curiosity and lifelong learning1.Education and training2.Insurance and pensions manag

316、ement3.Telecommunications4.Real estate5.Information and technology services6.Automotive and aerospace7.Energy technology and utilities8.Retail and wholesale of consumer goods9.Oil and gas10.Medical and healthcare services82%81%79%78%78%78%76%75%74%74%Networks and cybersecurity1.Financial services an

317、d capital markets2.Insurance and pensions management3.Energy technology and utilities4.Medical and healthcare services5.Automotive and aerospace6.Government and public sector7.Supply chain and transportation8.Telecommunications9.Advanced manufacturing10.Information and technology services83%79%78%73

318、%72%71%71%69%68%68%Resilience,flexibility and agility1.Agriculture,forestry,and fishing2.Telecommunications3.Information and technology services4.Production of consumer goods5.Insurance and pensions management6.Automotive and aerospace7.Advanced manufacturing8.Retail and wholesale of consumer goods9

319、.Financial services and capital markets10.ElectronicsTop 10 industries for increasing skill requirements,2025-2030100%100%98%97%97%95%94%92%90%90%AI and big data1.Automotive and aerospace2.Telecommunications3.Professional services4.Information and technology services5.Insurance and pensions manageme

320、nt6.Financial services and capital markets7.Supply chain and transportation8.Medical and healthcare services9.Energy technology and utilities10.Government and public sector84%84%81%81%77%76%76%75%73%72%Technological literacy1.Automotive and aerospace2.Financial services and capital markets3.Medical

321、and healthcare services4.Insurance and pensions management5.Supply chain and transportation6.Education and training7.Oil and gas8.Professional services9.Advanced manufacturing10.Production of consumer goodsFuture of Jobs Report 2025391.Infrastructure2.Automotive and aerospace3.Mining and metals4.Che

322、mical and advanced materials5.Supply chain and transportation6.Telecommunications7.Production of consumer goods8.Oil and gas9.Education and training10.Real estateSourceWorld Economic Forum,Future of Jobs Survey 2024.NoteThe Future of Jobs Survey uses the World Economic Forums Global Skills Taxonomy.

323、80%75%71%70%68%68%67%66%63%60%Environmental stewardship1.Oil and gas2.Chemical and advanced materials3.Agriculture,forestry,and fishing4.Automotive and aerospace5.Mining and metals6.Supply chain and transportation7.Infrastructure8.Production of consumer goods9.Professional services10.Energy technolo

324、gy and utilities71%69%68%67%66%64%63%63%62%61%Leadership and social influence1.Automotive and aerospace2.Telecommunications3.Education and training4.Information and technology services5.Medical and healthcare services6.Electronics7.Chemical and advanced materials8.Accommodation,food,and leisure9.Ene

325、rgy technology and utilities10.Production of consumer goods70%68%68%67%65%64%63%62%60%59%Talent managementWorking with othersCognitive skillsTechnology skillsSelf-efficacyEthicsManagement skills70%70%68%67%65%61%61%60%59%59%Analytical thinking1.Education and training2.Supply chain and transportation

326、3.Automotive and aerospace4.Telecommunications5.Production of consumer goods6.Insurance and pensions management7.Advanced manufacturing8.Financial services and capital markets9.Infrastructure10.Real estateCore skills in 2030Looking ahead to 2030,Figure 3.6 provides further insights into key priority

327、 areas for workforce development for organizations,by comparing core and emerging skills by 2030 based on their relative importance today and their future evolution.The top right quadrant highlights skills that are already core to organizations today and are expected to continue growing rapidly.Skil

328、ls such as AI and big data;analytical thinking;creative thinking;resilience,flexibility and agility;and technological literacy are not only considered critical now but are also projected to become even more important.Moreover,leadership and social influence,curiosity and lifelong learning,systems th

329、inking,talent management,and motivation and self-awareness solidify their importance,emphasizing the continued relevance of human-centric skills amid rapid technological advances.Meanwhile,networks and cybersecurity and environmental stewardship in the top left quadrant of the figure rank among the

330、top 10 skills expected to increase significantly in use by 2030,yet they are not currently considered core skills for most organizations.These emerging skills represent areas where businesses may need to anticipate growing demands and develop capabilities before they become critical.Future of Jobs R

331、eport 202540On the other hand,skills that are core today,but expected to remain stable over the next five years without significant increase in use,displayed in the lower right quadrant,include empathy and active listening,service orientation and customer service and resource management and operatio

332、ns.Finally,the bottom left quadrant of Figure 3.6 highlights skills that are neither critical now nor expected to increase significantly in use over the next five years.While most of these skills remain important,they may represent areas where less investment is required,allowing employers to priori

333、tize resources toward more rapidly evolving skill sets.Working with othersEngagement skillsCognitive skillsTechnology skillsSelf-efficacyPhysical abilitiesManagement skillsEthicsAI and big dataNetworks and cybersecurityTechnological literacyCreative thinkingResilience,flexibility and agilityCuriosity and lifelong learningLeadership and social influenceTalent managementAnalytical thinkingEnvironmen