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1、Embracing the Quantum Economy:A Pathway for Business LeadersI N S I G H T R E P O R TJ A N U A R Y 2 0 2 5In collaboration with AccentureImages:Getty ImagesContentsForeword 3Executive summary 4Introduction 51 Advancements and impact in the quantum economy 71.1 The rapid advancement and evolution of

2、quantum technologies 81.2 The main challenges for unlocking the potential of quantum technologies 91.3 First-mover advantages and challenges 101.4 The next wave of disruption:Quantum and AI 132 The quantum economy:Building new growth areas 162.1 Quantum-driven economic diversification 172.2 Economic

3、 diversification across industry sectors 213 The quantum leap:Navigating the new frontier of use cases 283.1 Industry engagement and use cases 293.2 Use case impact on each industry 294 The business of quantum:How to get started 394.1 Explorative initiatives 404.2 Building a dedicated team 414.3 Str

4、ategic investments 42Conclusion 45 Contributors 47Appendix 49Endnotes 63Disclaimer This document is published by the World Economic Forum as a contribution to a project,insight area or interaction.The findings,interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are a result of a collaborative process f

5、acilitated and endorsed by the World Economic Forum but whose results do not necessarily represent the views of the World Economic Forum,nor the entirety of its Members,Partners or other stakeholders.2024 World Economic Forum.All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced or trans

6、mitted in any form or by any means,including photocopying and recording,or by any information storage and retrieval system.Embracing the Quantum Economy:A Pathway for Business Leaders2ForewordIn an era marked by rapid technological advancements,the quantum economy stands at a transformative mileston

7、e.Through discussions and work with our partners and experts across industries and stakeholder groups,we recognize the profound impact that quantum technologies will have on industries worldwide.This document serves as a comprehensive guide for navigating this new frontier.It provides valuable insig

8、hts into the practical applications of quantum technologies throughout various sectors,from finance and healthcare to energy and transportation.By embracing these advancements and implementing quantum-safe cryptography,business leaders can not only enhance their competitive edge but also protect the

9、ir systems against the cybersecurity threats posed by quantum technology.It is crucial to start preparing today to build trust and ensure a secure,sustainable and resilient global economy.Accenture has always been at the forefront of technological innovation,helping businesses harness the power of e

10、merging technologies to drive growth and efficiency.Quantum computing,sensing,and communication and security represent the next wave of disruption,offering unprecedented capabilities that can solve complex problems and unlock new opportunities.However,as highlighted at the Quantum World Congress 202

11、4,the gap between quantum potential and quantum security is dangerously wide.Most organizations are woefully unprepared for the quantum-powered future,particularly in terms of cybersecurity.The World Economic Forum is committed to advancing responsible innovation and commercialization in quantum tec

12、hnologies for industry and society.Through its Quantum Economy Network,1 part of the Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution,the Forum provides a global platform for various stakeholders to understand the potential of quantum technologies,shape their development and prepare for their introductio

13、n into the economy.Our joint efforts through the Forums Quantum Application Hub2 initiative,aim to foster innovation and drive the adoption of quantum technologies in various sectors.The insights and strategies presented in this report are designed to help leaders navigate the complexities of the qu

14、antum economy and drive meaningful change in their organizations and beyond.The importance of this paper is further underscored by the proclamation of 2025 as the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology by the United Nations.3 This year-long initiative aims to increase public awareness

15、of the significance of quantum science and its applications,enhancing international cooperation and focusing on sustainable development.As we celebrate 100 years of the development of quantum mechanics,this milestone provides a unique opportunity to engage with quantum science and technology,inspiri

16、ng the next generation of quantum pioneers.We invite you to explore the transformative potential of quantum technologies and join us in shaping a future where innovation and collaboration pave the way for sustainable growth and prosperity.Adam Burden Global Innovation Lead;Chief Software Engineer,Ac

17、centureJeremy Jurgens Managing Director,World Economic ForumEmbracing the Quantum Economy:A Pathway for Business Leaders January 2025Embracing the Quantum Economy:A Pathway for Business Leaders3Executive summaryThe quantum economy presents an unprecedented opportunity to reshape industries and redef

18、ine economic landscapes globally.Both public and private sectors need to explore and adopt emerging quantum technologies.This report offers a comprehensive guide that equips leaders with the knowledge and strategies necessary to leverage the transformative power of quantum technologies in a rapidly

19、evolving economic landscape.Quantum technologies include:Quantum computing,which is expected to accelerate scientific discovery and potential to solve complex problems in various fields through optimization,machine learning and simulation.Quantum sensing,which offers advancements in precision and au

20、tonomous measurement,impacting many sectors,and is at various stages of adoption maturity from proofs of concept to production systems.Quantum communication and security,which ensure secure data transmission through theoretically unbreakable encryption,crucial for future-proofing cybersecurity and c

21、reating new products and services.Economic impacts and opportunities:Quantum technologies have the potential to drive economic growth and diversification throughout various industries.Early adoption can provide competitive advantages,but also comes with challenges such as high research and developme

22、nt(R&D)costs and the need for skilled workforce development.Risks and mitigation strategies:Addressing technological readiness,intellectual property management and equitable distribution of quantum advancements is crucial.Strategic measures include fostering public-private partnerships,investing in

23、education and training,and developing robust regulatory frameworks.Industry-specific applications where quantum technologies are poised to transform various industries by offering innovative solutions in key sectors:Financial services(banking and capital markets,institutional investors,insurance,ass

24、et management and private investors):Quantum computing has the potential to optimize portfolios,accelerate risk analysis and refine models for pricing and insurance.Pharmaceuticals and healthcare:Quantum sensing technologies can revolutionize diagnostics and treatment,particularly in cardiology and

25、neurology,and have applications even in early clinical studies.Energy and utilities(mining and metals,oil and gas,and energy technology and utilities):Quantum solutions can enhance energy storage and grid optimization,contributing to more sustainable energy systems.Technology and telecommunications:

26、Quantum communication can provide enhanced security through quantum key distribution and encryption methods.Chemicals and advanced materials:Quantum solutions could be used to predict molecular behaviours to discover stronger,lighter and more sustainable materials in the future.Automotives,aerospace

27、 and transportation:Quantum solutions could optimize processes,enhance navigation and solve complex routing problems,leading to a more efficient and sustainable transportation network.Strategic pathways for businesses:Explorative initiatives:Engage with the quantum ecosystem through partnerships and

28、 pilot programmes to test and understand the potential impacts of the technology.Building dedicated teams:Develop in-house expertise and capabilities to drive quantum strategies forward.Strategic investments:Allocate resources to quantum initiatives,considering market potential,risk management and r

29、egulatory environment.Businesses and policy-makers must conduct risk assessments,engage with quantum ecosystems,initiate pilot programmes,build dedicated teams,invest strategically and continuously monitor and adapt their approaches.By following these steps,leaders can effectively navigate the compl

30、exities of the quantum economy and harness its potential for growth,value creation and innovation.Embracing the Quantum Economy:A Pathway for Business Leaders4IntroductionAs significant advancements are made in quantum technologies,it brings forth the potential to fundamentally reshape and redefine

31、the global economic landscape.Quantum technologies,defined in this report as quantum computing,quantum sensing,and quantum communications and security,are poised to permeate and transform every major industry of the global economy.This evolution will collectively drive significant economic impact an

32、d give rise to a distinctive ecosystem,commonly referred to as the quantum economy.4 Quantum technologies promise substantial economic impact in every single sector (see Figure 1).Some industries,such as finance,technology and telecommunications,pharmaceuticals and healthcare,chemicals and advanced

33、materials,energy and utilities,and automotives,aerospace and transportation,are poised to be early adopters.This is because quantum technologies promise to redefine their businesses and truly impact their competitive edge.To grow and thrive,the quantum economy will require strategic investments from

34、 the public and private sectors,a skilled workforce and an ever-growing ecosystem that expands beyond the dominant countries and largest players,thus avoiding the consequences of a quantum divide.It is estimated that the potential economic value for the trio of quantum computing,quantum sensing,and

35、quantum communication and security in the leading industries could reach between$900 million and$2 trillion by 2035.5 This potential to propel economic growth,however,requires strategic measures to mitigate the challenges this novel technology brings.To maximize the advantages of early adoption,busi

36、ness leaders should not only examine the transformative capabilities of quantum technologies but also address the accompanying challenges such as intellectual property issues,resource constraints,and the risk of widening the digital divide:a quantum divide.6 Early adopters in different industry sect

37、ors(by number of companies)FIGURE 1Quantum sensingQuantum communications and securityQuantum computing0102030405060708090100Financial servicesTechnology and telecommunicationsPharmaceuticals and healthcare5275193118Chemical and advanced materialsEnergy and utilities22Automotives,aerospace and transp

38、ortation86%14%39%13%11%6%13%4%57%42%58%74%83%18%18%64%Source:The Quantum Insider app and AccentureEmbracing the Quantum Economy:A Pathway for Business Leaders5It is for this reason that visionary leaders should start investing and building their quantum strategy now.Despite technical hurdles and the

39、 lack of a clear return on investment(ROI),the sooner businesses assimilate the innovation and start experimenting,the faster they will find opportunities for new business value and growth providing a competitive edge.This report offers actionable pathways for business leaders to integrate quantum t

40、echnologies,emphasizing the importance of dedicated quantum teams and strategic investments.By leveraging real-world examples and insights from industry leaders,it provides practical guidance for adopting quantum technologies to foster economic diversification and innovation.This report consists of

41、four sections exploring the potential of the quantum economy,providing business leaders with the necessary steps to develop informed quantum strategies.1.Section 1.Advancements and impact in the quantum economy introduces the current quantum landscape,sharing details of the risks and opportunities o

42、f the quantum age,and exploring specifics on the interplay between quantum technologies and artificial intelligence(AI).This section sets the stage for understanding the broader context and implications of quantum advancements.2.Section 2.The quantum economy:Building new growth areas discusses how q

43、uantum technologies can drive economic diversification in various industry sectors.Each subsection highlights the specific impacts on finance,healthcare,materials,energy and transportation and telecommunications,providing detailed insights into sector-specific innovations.3.Section 3.The quantum lea

44、p:Navigating the new frontier of use cases provides insights into practical applications and industry engagement,highlighting real-world use cases to explore how different sectors can leverage quantum technologies,while emphasizing their transformative potential across industries.4.Section 4.The bus

45、iness of quantum:How to get started provides actionable steps for businesses and policy-makers to embark on their quantum journey.Examples include exploratory initiatives,capacity building and strategic investments,providing a roadmap for integrating quantum technologies into organizational strategi

46、es.Embracing the Quantum Economy:A Pathway for Business Leaders6Advancements and impact in the quantum economy1Pitfalls and opportunities abound in the evolving quantum landscape.Quantum technologies interaction with AI will drive unparalleled innovation and efficiency.Embracing the Quantum Economy:

47、A Pathway for Business Leaders7Continued and rapid growth of quantum technologies is heralding a new era in computing,communication and sensing.Quantum computing,with its potential to vastly outperform classical computers in solving certain complex problems,is at the forefront of this technological

48、revolution.This acceleration is predicated on the construction of machines that can run the theoretically proven algorithms.The motivation to build these computers is incredibly strong because the potential economic impact of quantum technologies is profound.By unlocking new levels of computational

49、efficiency and security,they promise to revolutionize industries including finance,healthcare,logistics and energy.Quantum communication,which leverages the principles of quantum entanglement and superposition,offers a new way to secure data transmission.This technology ensures theoretically unbreak

50、able encryption,making it a cornerstone for future-proof cybersecurity infrastructures.7 It can enable detection of eavesdroppers on communication channels and,when used properly in conjunction with current communication security technologies,can offer increased cyber defence.This is intriguing beca

51、use current cybersecurity methods depend on mathematical problems that are difficult for computers to solve.In contrast,a communication system based on physics has unique features that offer greater potential.Meanwhile,quantum sensing is pushing the limit of precision measurement capabilities,enabli

52、ng breakthroughs in fields ranging from medical imaging to environmental monitoring.8 The most fascinating is the global dependence on quantum clocks,which deploy quantum sensing for timing.To make quantum sensing devices more widely usable and accessible,the next crucial step is to make them smalle

53、r,lighter,more energy-efficient and cost-effective.The current state of quantum technologies is marked by exponential advancements.Quantum computers,once confined to academic laboratories,are now being developed by major corporations and start-ups with investments in billions,all around the world.9

54、These devices have begun to scale enough to run small variants of problems that classical computers currently find insurmountable,such as optimizing complex systems,simulating molecular structures for drug discovery,and solving large-scale linear equations.Central to this transformation are the ongo

55、ing R&D efforts that continuously push the boundaries of what quantum technologies can achieve.Governments,academic institutions and private enterprises are investing heavily in quantum research,fostering an ecosystem that encourages innovation and collaboration.10 Currently,public-sector investment

56、s worldwide exceed$40 billion.11 These rapid advancements in quantum technologies are set to redefine capabilities in various sectors.Delving deeper,it becomes evident that their potential to solve currently intractable problems will catalyse significant economic transformations,driving a wave of in

57、novation and efficiency that will shape the future.12 1.1 The rapid advancement and evolution of quantum technologiesEmbracing the Quantum Economy:A Pathway for Business Leaders81.2 The main challenges for unlocking the potential of quantum technologiesFoundational challenges by technology typeTABLE

58、 1Quantum computingError rates and stabilityQuantum bits(qubits)are fragile,and prone to errors from environmental interference and decoherence.Developing robust error correction methods and achieving stable qubit operation are critical challenges.Although there are devices with different means to a

59、ddress this fragility,they still face some challenges with respect to stability.ScalabilityBuilding a quantum computer with many qubits that can perform meaningful computations is still work in progress.Current systems are limited in size and scope,and scaling up without exponentially increasing the

60、 error rates and resource requirements is a significant technical challenge.Interoperability and integrationIntegrating quantum computers alongside existing classical systems is essential for practical applications.This requires the development of hybrid computing models and new software paradigms t

61、o leverage the strengths of both quantum and classical computing.Quantum sensingSensitivity and precisionQuantum sensors,which have been in use for decades,offer unprecedented sensitivity and precision.These sensors,including atomic clocks,magnetometers,gravimeters and accelerometers,are used in var

62、ious applications such as navigation,medical imaging and geophysics.However,achieving consistent performance in real-world environments remains challenging.Factors such as temperature fluctuations and electromagnetic interference can affect sensor accuracy.To address these issues,the convergence of

63、technologies,including the integration of current methods with machine learning(classical AI)techniques,is being used to de-noise and enhance sensor performance.Miniaturization and practicalityDeveloping compact and practical quantum sensors that can be easily deployed in various applications,such a

64、s medical diagnostics and environmental monitoring,poses a significant hurdle.It is critical to balance sensitivity with size and power consumption to ensure these sensors can effectively function in diverse fields in applications such as detecting diseases at an early stage or monitoring air and wa

65、ter quality in real time.Standardization and calibrationEnsuring that quantum sensors are standardized and can be calibrated accurately is essential for widespread adoption.This involves developing robust manufacturing processes and calibration techniques that can be replicated across different devi

66、ces and applications.Quantum communication and securitySecurity and reliabilityQuantum communication promises theoretically unbreakable encryption,but ensuring the security and reliability of quantum communication networks over long distances is challenging.Factors such as signal loss and noise can

67、compromise the integrity of keys generated using such protocols.ScalabilityBuilding the necessary infrastructure for quantum communication,such as quantum repeaters and satellite-based systems,requires substantial investment and technological breakthroughs.Integrating quantum communication networks

68、with existing classical networks is also a complex task.Interoperability and integrationDeveloping and standardizing quantum communication protocols is crucial for interoperability and widespread adoption.This includes establishing international standards and ensuring compatibility across different

69、quantum communication systems.Quantum technologies have the potential to significantly benefit industry and society.However,they also bring several challenges to successful and equitable adoption,pertaining to technological readiness,intellectual property management and the equitable distribution of

70、 quantum advancements.Source:AccentureEmbracing the Quantum Economy:A Pathway for Business Leaders9The rapid pace of innovation in quantum technologies presents unique opportunities for safeguarding intellectual property(IP).The fields competitive nature and the significant advantages conferred to e

71、arly movers add complexity to IP management and IP law.The risks and value to be mindful of in terms of IP management are as follows:Ensuring the equitable distribution of quantum advancements is crucial for fostering global development and avoiding exacerbating existing inequalities.According to th

72、e World Economic Forums Quantum Economy Blueprint report,16 three potential approaches ensure that the benefits of quantum technologies are equitability distributed,and that existing inequalities are not worsened:The journey towards the widespread adoption of quantum technologies is undoubtedly chal

73、lenging,with numerous risks that must be managed through strategic planning and cautious optimism.While the potential rewards are immense,so too are the complexities and uncertainties inherent in this rapidly evolving field.Addressing technological readiness,safeguarding intellectual property and en

74、suring equitable distribution can pave the way for a quantum future that benefits all of humanity.Complexities of intellectual property managementEquitable distribution of quantum advancementsTABLE 2TABLE 3Patent race and first-mover advantagePresently,the race to secure patents is intense,with comp

75、anies and research institutions vying for the first-mover advantage.However,IP law is still evolving,making it challenging to sustain these advantages,as new discoveries could render existing patents obsolete.IP law covers various types of patents,including utility patents,design patents and plant p

76、atents.However,the evolution and enforcement of IP law vary significantly across different jurisdictions,adding complexity to global IP management.13Cross-border collaboration and IP protectionGiven that both talent and technologies reside globally,research and business often require international c

77、ollaboration,raising concerns about IP protection in different legal jurisdictions.Ensuring that IP rights are respected and enforced globally is a complex challenge that requires robust international agreements and cooperation.14Open science versus proprietary researchBalancing open scientific rese

78、arch with the need to protect proprietary technologies is a delicate act.While open research fosters collaboration and accelerates innovation,it also poses risks to IP security.Companies and researchers must navigate this landscape carefully to protect their investments while contributing to the bro

79、ader scientific community.15Access to quantum technologiesNot all quantum technologies are accessible across regions and economic sectors.Initiatives like cloud-based quantum computing services and international collaborations attempt to bridge the gap,but this is not always the case.17Inclusive qua

80、ntum ecosystemsLack of unified strategies among industry,academia and government can hinder innovation and support for start-ups.Without strong public-private partnerships and adequate preparation of future quantum experts by educational institutions,the potential of quantum technology may not be fu

81、lly realized.18Use of responsible and sustainable developmentDevelopment of quantum technologies must prioritize sustainability and social responsibility.Ethical implications,such as impacts on privacy,security and employment,need careful consideration.Both public and private sectors must engage in

82、proactive dialogue to create frameworks ensuring these technologies benefit society and the planet.191.3 First-mover advantages and challengesIf you can tie quantum to real business outcomes,youll get the buy-in you need to start preparing for quantum now,”said Adam Burden at Quantum World Congress,

83、“The question is:are you ready?”20Source:AccentureSource:AccentureEmbracing the Quantum Economy:A Pathway for Business Leaders10First-mover advantages and challengesFIGURE 2Quantum computingQuantum communication Quantum sensing10 years:Widespreadadoption6-10 years:Improvingperformance3-5 years:Integ

84、rationwith systems1-2 years:Deployment in appsIntegrationchallengesExportcontrolsWorkforce trainingMarket uncertaintyData advantagesNewapplicationsPrecision and sensitivity 10 years:Globalcommunication6-10 years:Scalable systems3-5 years:Integration with infrastructure1-2 years:QKD+PQC pilotsExport

85、controlsSkilledworkforceRegulatory issuesTechnologicalhurdlesStrategic leverageTrust and privacyInformation-theoretic security10 years:Huge compute power6-10 years:Reliable devices3-5 years:Errorcorrection1-2 years:Algorithms and appsExport controlsSkilled workforceUnpredictabilityHigh R&D costsEcon

86、omicimpactsCompetitive edgeTechnologicalleadershipStrategicPotentialTimelines foradvantagespitfallsearly successStrategicPotentialTimelines foradvantagespitfallsearly successadvantagespitfallsearly successStrategicPotentialTimelines forand securitySource:AccentureOrganizations that invest early in q

87、uantum technologies may position themselves at the forefront of this transformation.However,the path of a first mover is fraught with challenges,including high R&D costs,insufficient technology maturity,unpredictability and the shortage of a skilled workforce.This section delves into the strategic a

88、dvantages,potential pitfalls and competitive dynamics shaped by early investment in quantum technologies,offering insights into the timelines of early success for each domain.Embracing the Quantum Economy:A Pathway for Business Leaders11First-mover advantages and challengesTABLE 4TechnologyStrategic

89、 advantagesTimelines of early successPotential pitfallsQuantum computing21 Technological leadership:Early adopters can establish themselves as leaders,setting standards and influencing the development of the ecosystem.Competitive edge:Access to advanced systems early on provides capabilities to solv

90、e complex problems faster and more efficiently a significant competitive advantage.Economic impacts:Quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize industries such as finance,pharmaceuticals and healthcare to drive economic growth and job creation.Commercial(1-2 years):Hybrid quantum-classical

91、algorithms and initial commercial quantum computing applications are developed.Prototype(3-5 years):Quantum error correction and scaling improve significantly,leading to broader adoption in various industries.Experimental(6-10 years):Enhanced error correction and optimization techniques make quantum

92、 computing more reliable and accessible.Theoretical(10+years):Fully fault-tolerant quantum computers are available,unlocking unprecedented computational power.High R&D costs:Significant investment in research and development is required,with no guaranteed returns.Unpredictability:The maturation of q

93、uantum computing technology is uncertain,and breakthroughs may take longer than anticipated.Skilled workforce:Building and retaining a workforce capable of developing and utilizing quantum computing technology is a major challenge.Export controls:These could restrict the transfer of quantum algorith

94、ms,software and hardware that may be deemed a national security risk for the country.Quantum sensing22Precision and sensitivity:Quantum sensing offers unparalleled precision and sensitivity,which is set to revolutionize the healthcare industry and is on its way to aid defence and environmental monit

95、oring.New applications:With early investments,it is possible to discover novel applications and markets for quantum sensors,positioning companies as industry pioneers.Data advantages:New data insights can be seen improving decision-making processes and operational efficiencies;however,capitalizing o

96、n this still far away.Commercial(1-2 years):Prototype quantum sensors are in the marketplace and initially deployed in niche applications.Prototype(3-5 years):Quantum sensors are integrated into existing systems and expanded into broader markets.Experimental(6-10 years):Quantum sensor technologies a

97、re refined and optimized,improving reliability and performance.Theoretical(10+years):Quantum sensing achieves widespread adoption and standardization.Market uncertainty:The demand for sensors is still evolving,so early adopters may face uncertain returns.Integration challenges:Integrating with exist

98、ing systems and infrastructure can be costly(e.g.data adoption for decision-making is uncertain).Workforce training:Developing expertise in quantum sensing technologies and their applications requires investment in workforce training and education(e.g.upskilling of healthcare workers)and creation of

99、 intuitive interfaces.Export controls:Sensors that have potential military applications(e.g.quantum navigation)may face strict export limitations.Quantum communication and security23Information-theoretic security:Theoretical unbreakable encryption can provide a significant advantage in cybersecurity

100、.Trust and privacy:Early adopters can position themselves as leaders to foster trust and protect sensitive information.Strategic leverage:Countries and companies that lead in quantum communications(networks)can gain strategic advantages in intelligence and secure data transmission.Commercial(1-2 yea

101、rs):Demonstration of practical quantum key distribution(QKD)systems and deployment of quantum random number generators(QRNGs)into cybersecurity systems and critical infrastructure,followed by pilot projects that combine post quantum cryptography(PQC).Prototype(3-5 years):Quantum communication networ

102、ks expand and are integrated with classical infrastructure.Experimental(6-10 years):More advanced QKD protocols and scalable quantum communication systems are developed.Theoretical(10+years):Global quantum communication networks are established,enabling secure international data transmission.Technol

103、ogical hurdles:Developing reliable and scalable quantum communication systems presents significant technical challenges such as geostationary equatorial orbit(GEO)and low earth orbit(LEO)satellite 24 communications for QKD.Regulatory issues:Regulation is still developing,potentially leading to legal

104、 and compliance challenges.Skilled workforce:Building a skilled workforce capable of developing and maintaining quantum communication systems is crucial and challenging.Export controls:Restrictions could apply to quantum encryption of physical devices that are deemed critical infrastructure.As noted

105、 in Table 4,being a first mover in the quantum technology space offers significant strategic advantages,including technological leadership,competitive edge and economic impact.However,these benefits come with risks,such as high R&D costs,technology unpredictability and the challenge of building a sk

106、illed workforce.Decision-makers must carefully weigh these Embracing the Quantum Economy:A Pathway for Business Leaders12The intersection of quantum technologies and artificial intelligence(AI)marks a pivotal advancement in technology,creating a symbiotic relationship where both fields propel each o

107、ther forward.This relationship promises to unlock new possibilities,driving innovation and efficiency across various domains.AI is already enhancing quantum advancements by optimizing quantum algorithms,refining data from quantum sensors and improving the efficiency of quantum communication systems.

108、This relationship will not only accelerate the development and practical application of quantum technologies but will also reveal new avenues for innovation and problem-solving that classical systems cannot achieve.By leveraging AI,quantum technologies can address complex challenges in various indus

109、tries more effectively,driving significant economic and technological progress.Rajeeb Hazra,President and CEO of Quantinuum,is focused on accelerating fault-tolerant quantum computing at scale.This advancement will enable the combination of AI,classical high-performance computing(HPC)and quantum com

110、puting to become a revolutionary tool for the next phase of human discovery and creation.“Our goal is to accelerate fully fault-tolerant,universal quantum computing by delivering a full-stack solution with unmatched hardware capabilities and software that harnesses the combined power of HPC,AI and q

111、uantum computing to create a new era of insight and achievements,”he says.1.4 The next wave of disruption:Quantum and AIA medley of quantum information and AI systemsFIGURE 3Quantum computingQuantum sensingQuantum communications and securityArtificial intelligenceQuantum processing units(QPUs)Atomic

112、 clocksSimulators,emulatorsSuperconducting quantum interference devicesTransmitters,receiversRepeaters,etc.Solid-state defectsGravimeters,etc.Source:Accenturefactors,considering the timelines of early success and the evolving competitive dynamics.By balancing the benefits and risks,companies and eco

113、nomies can effectively navigate the path to leadership in the quantum technology revolution.Embracing the Quantum Economy:A Pathway for Business Leaders13AI advancing quantum technologiesAIs role in advancing quantum computing is multifaceted,offering significant enhancements in programming,system d

114、esign and algorithm development.Prominent examples include machine learning(ML)algorithms that aid the calibration of configurable components of quantum hardware,reinforcement learning algorithms to improve the efficiency of quantum algorithms,and decoders based on neural networks that make quantum

115、error correction more efficient,enhancing the reliability of quantum computers.Microsofts Copilot in Azure Quantum,trained on extensive data from over 300,000 open-source documents,publications,textbooks and manuals focused on chemistry and materials science,aids researchers and developers in writin

116、g quantum code more efficiently.By providing intelligent code suggestions and optimizations,it significantly accelerates the development process,reducing the time and effort required to create complex quantum algorithms.25 IBMs Qiskit Transpiler Service exemplifies how AI can work alongside quantum

117、hardware to enhance the productivity of quantum R&D.The Qiskit Transpiler Service is a cloud-based resource that translates Qiskit code into machine language.It uses AI to reduce the number of gates to perform computations faster and with fewer errors.Improving transpiling the automatic translation

118、of source code from one programming language to another could lead to better outputs from the quantum computer and accelerate the R&D process.26Quantum sensors offer unprecedented accuracy in biotech applications,advancing medical insights by enhancing detection capabilities.These sensors,combined w

119、ith AI,refine the collected data into actionable intelligence.For instance,in medical imaging,quantum sensors can detect subtle changes,while AI removes environmental interference and improves image analysis and classification.This integration delivers high-resolution,detailed data to healthcare pro

120、fessionals,enabling faster and more accurate diagnoses,potentially improving patient outcomes.Embracing the Quantum Economy:A Pathway for Business Leaders14Quantum technologies propelling AIConversely,quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize AI by overcoming the computational limitations

121、 of classical systems.Quantum computers could increase the speed of training AI models,for instance in deep learning,where quantum sampling(Quantum Monte Carlo)techniques may significantly speed up the training process.(This speed-up is quadratic,meaning that the improvement in training time scales

122、with the square of the problem size,leading to faster and more accurate model development.)Quantum mechanics also inspires new types of ML algorithms,such as quantum reservoir computing.27 These algorithms leverage the unique properties of quantum systems that enable them to perform computations tha

123、t are infeasible for classical computers.For instance,quantum classification algorithms can enable more efficient data segmentation,enhancing the performance of recommendation engines.Researchers are exploring the results of implementing classically intractable ML algorithms on quantum computers to

124、potentially provide more accurate and personalized recommendations.28 Moreover,quantum computing has the potential to improve image recognition.This is because quantum algorithms may be able to handle the high-dimensional data involved in image recognition tasks more effectively than classical algor

125、ithms,leading to more accurate and reliable recognition systems.This advancement has significant implications for fields such as medical imaging,autonomous vehicles and security.Quantum machine learning(QML):The future of AI algorithmsThis is one of the most promising areas where AI and quantum comp

126、uting reinforce each other.In this longer-term vision,highly trained AI platforms could have access to additional inferential power(thus enhancing their performance)by leveraging quantum computers as problem-or data-specific accelerators.Quantum computers ability to process and evaluate data in ways

127、 that are intractable on classical computers opens new frontiers for ML.Complex tasks such as pattern recognition,optimization problems and data analysis could be aided by future quantum machines when QML proves scalable.This paradigm shift promises to enhance the capabilities of AI,enabling breakth

128、roughs in fields ranging from natural language processing to drug discovery.AI-enhanced quantum technologies:Current practical applicationsAnother critical area of synergy is the enhancement of todays quantum technologies through AI.For example,reducing the size of quantum sensors by eliminating the

129、 need for bulky Faraday cages or cryogenic cooling requires sophisticated ML algorithms for signal processing.AI plays a crucial role in making quantum sensors more practical and efficient by processing the raw data they collect into usable results.This integration is already being applied in quantu

130、m navigation systems and quantum medical devices,where the powerful ML layer ensures accurate and reliable performance in real-world applications.AIs broader ML capabilities,beyond just generative AI or large language models(LLMs),are essential in this context.Techniques such as neural networks,rein

131、forcement learning and unsupervised learning are crucial for developing and refining quantum technologies.These advancements make quantum sensors more accessible and versatile,paving the way for their use in various industries,from healthcare to aerospace.The future of AI and quantum computing Despi

132、te the promising advancements,there are still challenges(Section 1.2)to overcome.Currently,generative AI(GenAI)struggles with complex mathematical tasks,particularly in converting classical algorithms to quantum algorithms.However,as AI continues to develop and improve its understanding of mathemati

133、cal libraries and solvers,it holds the potential to bridge this gap.Business leaders preparing for this future of AI and quantum computing should consider the strategic value of large quantitative models(LQMs),which use advanced algorithms to analyse and simulate complex systems,providing deep insig

134、hts in various industries.These models,which run on classical not quantum computers,can simulate quantum mechanical behaviours and other quantitative factors that traditional methods struggle to address.SandboxAQ CEO Jack Hidary emphasizes the importance of this convergence:“Advanced quantum technol

135、ogies paired with powerful Large Quantitative Models or LQMs are already delivering significant value across industries such as aerospace,biopharma,healthcare,chemicals,manufacturing,defence,finance and other sectors years before quantum computers become mainstream.”As AI and quantum computing techn

136、ologies continue to evolve,their convergence is set to create new fields of research and application,enabling quantum-enhanced AI systems to solve problems currently beyond reach,such as optimizing complex logistics networks and discovering new materials and drugs.This symbiotic relationship holds i

137、mmense potential,promising to revolutionize industries,drive innovation and address some of humanitys most complex challenges.Embracing the Quantum Economy:A Pathway for Business Leaders15The quantum economy:Building new growth areas2Quantum technologies are driving economic diversification in vario

138、us sectors,and each industry stands to gain unique benefits from its leaders.Embracing the Quantum Economy:A Pathway for Business Leaders16As quantum technologies begin to yield economic advantages,industries and markets will grow,adapt or be replaced.According to McKinsey,the potential economic val

139、ue of quantum technologies is substantial,with quantum computing alone expected to generate between$450 billion and$850 billion annually by 2035.Quantum sensing and quantum communication are projected to contribute economic impacts of$100-200 billion and$50-100 billion annually,respectively.29 These

140、 technologies are poised to revolutionize various industries,driving economic growth and diversification.Understanding how quantum technologies can spur economic growth as they evolve is key for business leaders to unlock their potential.Global impacts will vary according to local priorities and inv

141、estments.The opportunities to drive economic impact and gain competitive advantage are vast,as noted in Section 2.2.To realize these benefits,businesses need to develop a strategic vision that outlines their long-term goals and the role quantum technologies will play in achieving them.This vision sh

142、ould be supported by substantial investments in R&D to foster innovation and advance the technology.Additionally,businesses must gain practical experience by implementing more mature quantum technologies in real-world applications.This combination of strategic planning,R&D investment and hands-on im

143、plementation will enable businesses to harness the full potential of quantum technologies and secure a competitive edge in the evolving market.2.1 Quantum-driven economic diversification Embracing the Quantum Economy:A Pathway for Business Leaders17 Investment trends and companies working in quantum

144、 technologiesFIGURE 411-501-1051-100101-500501-1,0001,001-5,0005,001-10,00010,000+SoftwareOther quantum applications/componentsQuantum sensing and imagingQuantum computersQuantum communication and securityHardware components05001,0001,5002,0002,5003,000$millionInvestment in quantum technology compan

145、ies Number of companies in quantum technology(by employee count)201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023202466(5.1%)139(10.8%)20(1.6%)34(2.6%)77(6.0%)57(4.4%)470(36.5%)425(33%)Source:The Quantum Insider App30 and AccentureEmbracing the Quantum Economy:A Pathway for Business Leaders18Figure 4

146、 illustrates the dynamic growth in quantum technology funding,alongside the challenges of scaling companies and commercializing emerging technologies.Despite the challenges of scaling the headcount,investment growth in quantum technology has been rapid,particularly after 2020.Most of the funding is

147、directed towards quantum computing,with other areas like software,sensing and communications also receiving increased funding.This trend highlights the growing interest in quantum technologies,signalling opportunities for businesses to leverage these advancements for competitive advantage and for qu

148、antum providers to continue innovating to meet market demands.Size distribution in the quantum sector reveals that a large proportion of companies are small-sized.Specifically,470 companies have 1-10 employees and 425 companies have 11-50 employees.This suggests that most of the quantum industry is

149、composed of start-ups and small firms,which are still in the early stages of development.For businesses,this indicates opportunities for partnerships and investments,while for quantum providers,it highlights the importance of agility and the need for support in scaling operations.Investment data hig

150、hlights the concentration of funding in quantum computing,which attracts the largest share.This could be due to its wide range of potential applications and significant transformative impact on industries like finance,logistics and healthcare.However,the smaller number of companies in the mid-to lar

151、ge-sized range(51-plus employees)implies that even with increased investment,few firms have scaled up significantly.This may indicate challenges in commercializing quantum computing solutions or a need for further technological maturity before larger companies invest more heavily.Although investment

152、 in areas like quantum communications and sensing is smaller,the steady increase suggests potential growth in these fields.Applications in cybersecurity,environmental monitoring and defence may see expanded investment in the coming years as these technologies mature.Supporting the growth of mid-size

153、d firms in these areas could help diversify the quantum ecosystem and foster broader adoption.The predominance of smaller companies indicates barriers to scaling companies in the quantum business,such as the need for specialized talent,high R&D costs and technological(e.g.infrastructure)barriers.The

154、 relatively small number of companies in larger employment ranges(500-plus employees)suggests that even with substantial investments,companies face obstacles in transitioning from research to commercialization.These implications underscore the quantum industrys rapid development,driven by significan

155、t investments in various sectors but constrained by scalability and supply-chain challenges.To increase adoption and facilitate growth,strategic actions are needed to overcome these barriers and accelerate commercialization.2.1.1 Economic implications of quantum computing Quantum computing represent

156、s a paradigm shift from computing in the past century by leveraging principles of quantum mechanics to potentially perform certain calculations at speeds and efficiencies previously not possible.The increase in investment(Figure 4)indicates that industries expect quantum computing to significantly i

157、mpact various sectors(see Section 3.2).Today,innovative enterprises are investing heavily in institutionalizing quantum computing expertise,both pioneering new applications and maximizing their competitive advantage.Financial firms such as HSBC and JPMorganChase are investing,partnering with hardwar

158、e vendors and contributing research publications back to the quantum ecosystem.“Financial services has been identified as one of the first industries that will benefit from quantum technologies.As such,we have been investing in quantum research and our team of experts led by Marco Pistoia have made

159、groundbreaking discoveries,partnering with quantum computing leaders like Quantinuum.We look forward to continuing to work together to positively impact our businesses,customers and the industry at large,”said Lori Beer,Global Chief Information Officer,JPMorganChase Embracing the Quantum Economy:A P

160、athway for Business Leaders192.1.2 Opportunities enabled by quantum sensingQuantum sensing offers new levels of precision in measurement,impacting fields such as healthcare,environmental monitoring and navigation.Detection of changes in magnetic and gravitational fields using quantum sensors can pro

161、vide early diagnosis of diseases,more accurate climate models and improved navigation systems.31 Early adopters are leveraging quantum gravitational sensors that have the potential to far exceed the capabilities of traditional hardware to explore deep underground,providing a better understanding of

162、the geological makeup of the earth.32Quantum sensing attracts a smaller but consistent share of investments(Figure 4),indicating a steady growth potential.This steady investment might suggest niche applications in fields such as quantum navigation,health and defence,which could gradually lead to eco

163、nomic diversification into specialized areas.John Lowell,Principal Senior Tech Fellow for Boeing Research and Technology,emphasizes the significant potential of quantum sensing in navigation:“Our business fundamentally is about building platforms that connect people across the world.We cannot succee

164、d in that without the ability for those platforms to navigate from point A to point B with great precision and accuracy.Therefore,it is inherent on us as a business to understand how best to implement quantum technology and integrate it into those platforms so that theyll be successful.This is why w

165、e are committed to investing in quantum navigation technologies and in developing them and integrating them into our future platforms.”332.1.3 Economic implications of quantum communication and securityFour opportunities are evident:QRNGs can provide a stronger foundation for cryptography;QKD can pr

166、ovide an alternative for security methods as mentioned in Section 1.1;quantum communications can be used to connect quantum computers,increasing their overall processing power;and finally,quantum networks could connect quantum sensors or function as quantum sensors themselves,enabling a better under

167、standing of science and the world.However,quantum security is the primary focus of most businesses in the quantum communication industry today.According to the“Quantum Economy Blueprint”report by the World Economic Forum,34 quantum communication could protect up to$1 trillion in digital assets annua

168、lly.With these advancements,new markets could be created and existing ones transformed.Quantum communication and security is attracting increasing investment(Figure 4),reflecting the reaction to the risk to secure communication that quantum computing creates,and the consequent concerns for critical

169、digital-enabled infrastructure.This rising trend implies that quantum communication is becoming more relevant for industries focused on data privacy and cybersecurity,potentially transforming information and communication technology(ICT)and finance.Quantum networking test beds are being deployed and

170、 scaled across the globe including in London and New York.In the latter,GothamQ is creating a local network by connecting hubs in Manhattan and Brooklyn.35 Research institutions and universities such as Delft University of Technology(TU Delft)are exploring the future of a worldwide,secure quantum in

171、ternet.2.1.4 Overcoming barriers to quantum economic growthWhile the potential for quantum technologies to drive economic growth is immense,several barriers must be addressed to fully unlock this potential.These barriers span technical,financial,regulatory and societal(workforce)domains.Overcoming t

172、hese challenges will require coordinated efforts from leaders within both public and private domains.One of the primary barriers to the widespread adoption of quantum technologies is the technical complexity involved.Quantum computing systems are highly sensitive to environmental disturbances(as not

173、ed in Section 1.2),which can lead to errors in computations.Recent breakthroughs in Quantum Error Correction,demonstrated by the Google Willow chip and the continued innovative research from IBM,Quantinuum,IonQ,Atom Computing and Rigetti,are bringing us closer to harnessing the full potential of qua

174、ntum computers to tackle complex challenges.Developing such robust technical solutions for improving the stability of quantum systems is a critical area of ongoing research,requiring a combination of business adoption leading to financial investments.Another such example is to create a technical sol

175、ution that scales quantum systems in a distributed manner,as seen in the strategies of companies such as IBM and Photonic in building quantum computers.36 Developing a robust,industry-driven business case to prioritize financial investment in quantum technologies ensures that stakeholders including

176、the business leadership and quantum specialists can identify the correct strategic outcomes.Organizations can begin to distil business value by developing information about use cases,relying on tools such as Metriq37 and the MIT Quantum Economic Advantage Calculator,38 which highlight potential high

177、-impact areas for early adoption and revenue generation.Additionally,public-and private-sector stakeholders often collaborate on R&D,which lowers Embracing the Quantum Economy:A Pathway for Business Leaders20Creating new markets and transforming existing onesBOX 1In the realm of computing,quantum te

178、chnologies are unlocking new benefits in finance.Toshibas collaboration with financial institutions to develop quantum algorithms for currency arbitrage highlights the transformative potential of quantum computing in this sector.These algorithms can tackle multivariate problems,enabling efficient an

179、d more accurate financial models and strategies,which could potentially unlock up to$700 billion in value,according to McKinsey.41 Integration of quantum technologies into various industries will not only create new markets,but also transform existing ones from both a business and regulatory standpo

180、int.42 Quantum sensors,for example,are revolutionizing the medical industry.SandboxAQ is developing advanced diagnostic tools designed to detect cardiovascular diseases at their earliest stages,potentially saving millions of lives and reducing healthcare costs.The cost of heart disease in the United

181、 States,for instance,is about$239 billion each year.43Quantum communication is set to redefine data security.British Telecom(BT)is working with QKD vendors to upgrade its infrastructure,ensuring secure communication channels while applying PQC.44 This shift is critical for protecting sensitive infor

182、mation in an era of increasing cyberthreats.HSBC has also partnered with QKD vendors to enhance its data security framework,reflecting the financial sectors growing reliance on“defence in depth”strategies(which use multiple security measures to protect an organizations assets)provided by quantum-saf

183、e communications.45 To fully realize these opportunities,strategic investments in R&D are essential.As early adopters capitalize on the opportunities presented by quantum technology,they will drive technological progress and economic diversification.This will benefit not only the industries directly

184、 involved but also the broader economy,as innovations in one sector often spur advancements in others by creating multiplier effects.For example,shorter drug-discovery cycles and new medical devices can reduce costs in the healthcare sector,while investments by the automotive sector in traffic optim

185、ization can lead to smarter and more sustainable cities,moving the global economy and society towards a brighter future.Quantum innovations are driving real-world applications across various industries and promise to create significant value by transforming traditional paradigms.2.2 Economic diversi

186、fication across industry sectors financial barriers to entry.The number of quantum technologies in production today that started as pilots in enterprise labs and/or through public-private partnerships is growing across sectors.39 The strategies to overcome regulatory and societal barriers are covere

187、d in depth in the“Quantum Economy Blueprint”report.40Embracing the Quantum Economy:A Pathway for Business Leaders21 Implications for financial servicesFIGURE 5Financial servicesThemes of value creationFinancial services innovationReinsurance optimizationFaster and more accurate risk assessmentEffect

188、ive high-frequency trading strategiesQuantum computingHelping the economy diversify by enhancing fintech and risk-management sectorsReal estate and insurance innovation with sensorsEnhanced fraud detection systemsDistributed detection systems for enhanced fraud detection systems(in the future)Precis

189、e geolocation to help assess property value/risks for insuranceQuantum sensingAiding more precise decision-making in real estate and distribution sectorsCybersecurity and data integrityPhysical encryption networksDistributed entanglement for precision timekeeping(in the future)Secure encryption and

190、authenticationQuantum communications and securityFostering trust and growth in cybersecurity and secure financial servicesSource:World Economic Forum in collaboration with Accenture2.2.1 Financial servicesQuantum computing is revolutionizing the finance sector,particularly the insurance and capital

191、markets.Optimizing reinsurance structures using quantum algorithms has the potential for more accurate risk assessment and pricing.This leads to better capital allocation and reduced costs for insurers.46 As Marcin Detyniecki,Head of Research and Group Chief Data Scientist,AXA,notes,“Leveraging Quan

192、tum Computing to optimize reinsurance coverage,accelerating risk analysis and providing more sophisticated models for pricing”is key.He further emphasizes,“While the supremacy of quantum computing will not be felt in industrial use cases for some time,we are laying the groundwork for a disruptive fu

193、ture while delivering business value today by focusing on the hard problems the technology can solve.”Investors benefit from enhanced portfolio optimization and risk management,resulting in more stable returns.47 This aligns with the World Economic Forums emphasis on economic diversification by enab

194、ling more efficient financial systems and fostering innovation in risk management.Quantum technologies create new fintech opportunities such as improved risk management and faster trading strategies.By enhancing financial infrastructure,these technologies allow for the creation of more sophisticated

195、 financial products,diversifying the financial ecosystem for institutions and consumers alike.48 Embracing the Quantum Economy:A Pathway for Business Leaders22 Implications for technology and telecommunicationsFIGURE 6Technology and telecommunicationsThemes of value creationEfficiency in resourceman

196、agementNetwork optimizationResource allocationQuantum computingEnables the modernization of telecommunications infrastructureInfrastructure and utility modernizationInfrastructure inspectionAdvanced diagnostic imagingQuantum sensingContributing to greener,more efficient digital infrastructure and ad

197、vancing sustainability in the sectorSecure infrastructureQuantum key distribution(QKD)for secure communicationsDistributed entanglement for precision timekeeping(in the future)Infrastructure integrityQuantum communications and securityDriving economic growth in the cybersecurity and digital communic

198、ation sectorsSource:World Economic Forum in collaboration with Accenture2.2.2 Technology and telecommunicationsIn the technology and telecommunications sectors,quantum technologies are driving advancements in cryptographic agility.This ensures that systems can quickly adapt to new cryptographic stan

199、dards,enhancing security against emerging threats,including those posed by quantum computers.This agility is crucial for maintaining the integrity and confidentiality of data in an increasingly interconnected world.49 By securing communications and data,quantum technologies support economic diversif

200、ication by protecting critical infrastructure and enabling new technological innovations.Quantum computing optimizes information and communications technology(ICT)infrastructure,both enhancing data transmission and enabling more secure communication networks.Adoption of quantum technology would driv

201、e economic diversification in telecommunications,cloud computing and cybersecurity,creating high-value jobs in digital infrastructure management and innovation in the global communications sector.50Embracing the Quantum Economy:A Pathway for Business Leaders23Implications for pharmaceuticals and hea

202、lthcareFIGURE 7Pharmaceuticals and healthcareThemes of value creationHealthcare and pharmaceutical innovationHigh-throughout ligand interaction simulationOptimizing clinical trial designGenomic data analysisQuantum computingAccelerated breakthroughs,encouraging growth in pharmaceutical and biotech s

203、ectorsMedical technology growthHigh-precision medical imaging using quantum clocks for timing synchronizationEarly diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseasesAdvanced diagnostic imagingQuantum sensingAdvanced diagnostics,enabling earlier disease detection and more personalized treatmentsDigital health a

204、nd robust infrastructureSecure medical-data transmissionQuantum-secure health informationexchangesQuantum communications and securityProgress towards secure,digitally-driven health services,telemedicine and digital health managementSource:World Economic Forum in collaboration with Accenture2.2.3 Pha

205、rmaceuticals and healthcareQuantum sensors are transforming healthcare diagnostics.The CardiAQ system uses magnetocardiography to provide non-invasive,radiation-free cardiac assessments.This technology enables faster and more accurate diagnosis of heart conditions,improving patient outcomes and redu

206、cing healthcare costs.51 By enhancing diagnostic capabilities,quantum technologies contribute to economic diversification by improving healthcare delivery and fostering innovation in medical technologies.Quantum technologies also accelerate drug discovery and enable personalized medicine,reducing he

207、althcare costs and improving outcomes.Creation of new jobs in precision medicine and an enhanced healthcare innovation ecosystem drives economic diversification into biotechnology,genomics and digital health.52Embracing the Quantum Economy:A Pathway for Business Leaders24Implications for chemicals a

208、nd advanced materialsFIGURE 8Chemicals and advanced materialsThemes of value creationInfrastructure and utility modernizationMaterial property predictionCatalyst design optimizationMolecular dockingQuantum computingHelps modernize public infrastructure,improve resource sustainability and enhance the

209、 reliability of critical systemsEfficiency in resource managementAdvanced quality imagingLast-mile quality controlProduct quality checkQuantum sensingDrives growth in green technologies,sustainable manufacturing and resource-efficient industrial processesSecure manufacturing operationsSecure supply

210、chain-data transmissionSecure internal data communicationQuantum communications and securityEnsures secure manufacturing operations and data transmissionSource:World Economic Forum in collaboration with Accenture2.2.4 Chemicals and advanced materialsQuantum computing is being leveraged to investigat

211、e environmental challenges,such as the remediation of PFAS(per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances),also called“forever chemicals”.53 Quantum simulations can model complex chemical reactions,leading to more effective methods for breaking down these persistent pollutants.This is a starting point for more

212、efficient means of PFAS destruction,translating into improved public health and a cleaner earth.Similarly,by providing solutions to various environmental issues,quantum technologies support economic diversification by promoting sustainable practices and innovation in chemical processes.Quantum techn

213、ologies enhance material design and manufacturing processes,enabling more sustainable production methods.Economic diversification of advanced materials,nanotechnology and sustainable manufacturing sectors supports the development of green industries and reduces environmental impact.54Embracing the Q

214、uantum Economy:A Pathway for Business Leaders25Implications for energy and utilitiesFIGURE 9Energy and utilitiesThemes of value creationEnergy efficiency and green energyEnergy grid optimizationTailings treatmentQuantum computingSupports diversifiation into sustainable energy management,grid optimiz

215、ation and energy storage solutionsResource exploration and environmental monitoringGeophysical surveysAdvanced diagnostic imagingQuantum sensingDrives diversification in resource management,mining and environmental sectorsSecure energy infrastructureSecure communication networks for infrastructureDi

216、stributed entanglement for precisetimekeeping(in the future)Quantum communications and securityEnables economies to invest in secure,resilient energy systems,fostering growth in energy cybersecurity and utility managementSource:World Economic Forum in collaboration with Accenture2.2.5 Energy and uti

217、litiesIn the energy sector,quantum technologies could be used to find new potential in enhancing vehicle-to-grid(V2G)energy systems.These systems allow electric vehicles to feed energy back into the grid,improving grid stability and efficiency.Quantum algorithms show promise to optimize the timing a

218、nd amount of energy transfer,maximizing benefits for both the grid and EV owners.55 This can contribute to a more resilient and sustainable energy infrastructure.By optimizing energy systems,quantum technologies support economic diversification by fostering innovation in energy management and sustai

219、nability.Quantum computing optimizes energy grids and accelerates resource exploration,driving new efficiency and sustainability.Adoption of quantum technology enables economies to diversify into the renewable energy,smart utilities and clean technology sectors,reducing reliance on traditional fossi

220、l fuels and fostering the growth of green industries.56Embracing the Quantum Economy:A Pathway for Business Leaders26Implications for automotives,aerospace and transportationFIGURE 10Automotives,aerospace and transportationThemes of value creationTransport optimization and urban mobilityTraffic flow

221、 optimizationRoute allocationAerodynamics simulationsQuantum computingSupporting growth in urban mobility,smart city infrastructure and intelligent transport systemsAerospace and navigation innovationNavigation and geo-physical surveysUltra-precise sound detectionQuantum sensingPromoting diversifica

222、tion into aerospace engineering,maritime navigation and geophysical explorationSecure communicationData integrity and securitySecure military communication channelsQuantum communications and securityEncouraging investment in cybersecurity and secure communications industriesSource:World Economic For

223、um in collaboration with Accenture2.2.6 Automotives,aerospace and transportationQuantum navigation systems,such as AQNav,are providing robust alternatives to GPS(Global Positioning System).These systems combine quantum sensors,which detect magnetic anomalies in Earths crustal magnetic field,with AI

224、to interpret the signals and eliminate external interference.This technology is crucial for applications where GPS signals may be unreliable or compromised.It enhances the safety and reliability of navigation across various terrains and conditions.57 By improving navigation systems,quantum technolog

225、ies support economic diversification by enabling advancements in transportation and aerospace technologies.Quantum technologies enhance navigation,traffic optimization and aerodynamics,contributing to smarter,more efficient transport systems.Economic diversification into smart mobility,autonomous ve

226、hicles and aerospace innovation creates opportunities for new industries in logistics and advanced transportation systems.58Embracing the Quantum Economy:A Pathway for Business Leaders27The quantum leap:Navigating the new frontier of use cases3Real-world use cases involving practical applications an

227、d industry engagement provide clarity on how different sectors can leverage quantum technologies.Embracing the Quantum Economy:A Pathway for Business Leaders28In todays dynamic technology landscape,the quantum economy has captivated the interest of visionary leaders across industries.High-profile us

228、e cases such as breaking cryptography,discovering new materials and optimizing financial decision-making would be the pride of any innovation programme,and would be transformative across sectors.Industry leaders who are actively engaging with the quantum ecosystem are showing progress via press rele

229、ases,publications,prototypes,proofs of concept and even production.Each industry represents a new opportunity space for quantum technologies.Opportunities are abundant,ranging from significant performance improvements to revolutionizing existing processes and creating new market opportunities.These

230、advantages are tempered by threats such as cybersecurity risks,rapid technological changes and integration challenges.The high costs and complexity of quantum technologies are also a challenge.After discussing with members of the World Economic Forums Quantum Economy Network community,the use cases

231、across all industry sectors were mapped against feasibility versus business value.For more details of the mentioned use cases,refer to Section A.1(Use case description),and for detailed explanation of the stages of development and placement criteria,refer to Figure 17 and Table 8 in Section A.2(Use

232、case placement assumptions).3.1 Industry engagement and use cases3.2 Use case impact on each industryEmbracing the Quantum Economy:A Pathway for Business Leaders29Use case impact analysis for financial servicesFIGURE 11Quantum sensingQuantum communications and securityQuantum computingLowMediumHighV

233、ery highFeasibilityBusiness valueResearchPoC/PoV3ScaledPilot4213910675312181142139106753121811Currency trading(being used by companies such as Toshiba and Dharma Capital)Financial crash estimation in enterprises(Yapi Kredi Bank,D-Wave)Reinsurance optimization(AXA)Credit card payment fraud detection(

234、Rigetti,HSBC,University of Edinburgh,National Quantum Computing Centre)Detecting magnetic anomalies in transactionsInfrastructure integrity monitoring(gravimeters)Accurate time stamps for financial transactions(quantum clocks)More resilient keys for secure encryption and authentication(QRNG,used by

235、HSBC,Quantinuum)Detection of tampering of ATM machines(quantum acoustic sensors)Distributed quantum sensor detection systemsPhysical encryption network(PQC/QKD,used by HSBC,BT,Toshiba;JP MorganChase,Ciena,Toshiba)Synthetic data generation for traditional MLSettlement optimization of securities trans

236、actions(Bank of Italy,Intesa Sanpaolo,IBM,universities of Exeter and Verona)In the rapidly evolving landscape of financial services,prioritizing security while managing regulatory requirements is of paramount importance.Examples in optimization,ML and simulations offer a great start to challenge the

237、 existing technologies and systems used in businesses today that leverage conventional computing and sensing systems.To support strategic decision-making,heres a concise synthesis of the quantum technology use cases in financial services,focusing on actionable insights:1.Prioritizing an upgrade to q

238、uantum for banking transactions by adopting approaches such as QRNG(use case 8),QKD and PQC(use case 11).These technologies can offer increased protections against future quantum computers in two ways:(1)protecting data that is stolen today from being decrypted later and(2)protecting future systems

239、from being impersonated once a cryptographically relevant quantum computer(CRQC)is available to break encryption.Quantum communication and security is capable of scaling in the near term so strategic investments today will grow with time and safeguard financial infrastructure for years to come.3.2.1

240、 Financial servicesSource:World Economic Forum in collaboration with AccentureNote:1 Quantum random number generator,2 Post-quantum cryptography/quantum key distribution,3 Proof of concept/proof of valueEmbracing the Quantum Economy:A Pathway for Business Leaders30Use case impact analysis for techno

241、logy and telecommunicationsFIGURE 12LowMediumHighVery highFeasibilityBusiness valueResearchPoC/PoV4ScaledPilot4291067531829847531610Optimized network transformation(applied by Fujitsu,University of Toronto)Packet routing(cyber business case)Network traffic optimization and resource allocationSite su

242、rveys(quantum gravimeters)Data transmission and reliability(quantum clocks for time synchronization,used by BT)More resilient keys for advanced mobile security(QRNG,used by SK Telecom,Samsung Electronics,ID Quantique)Infrastructure inspection(quantum enhanced LiDAR)Infrastructure integrity monitorin

243、g(quantum acoustic sensors used by QinetiQ)Environmental monitoring(quantum sensor detection)Secure communication channels(QKD,used by China Telecom,QuantumCTek;BT,Toshiba;SPTel,SpeQtral;Boeing)Quantum sensingQuantum communications and securityQuantum computing2.Preparing for quantum computing appli

244、cations in the optimization space,which presents itself with several high-value use cases,such as currency trading,reinsurance optimization and fraud detection(use cases 1,3 and 4).Although quantum methods are recognized as both proof of concept and pilot initiatives,they are not yet ready for indus

245、try-wide adoption due to the current limitations of quantum hardware.However,algorithms such as those in use case 1 demonstrate potential when used on a quantum-inspired system,offering an interim solution before transitioning to a fully developed quantum computing approach.Now is the time to prepar

246、e by developing quantum algorithms and proofs of concept(PoCs).This ensures readiness when the hardware matures,positioning an organization to be a first mover in quantum computing applications.David Craig,former chief executive officer of Refinitiv,emphasizes the significance of this preparation:“Q

247、uantum computing has the potential to disrupt financial markets by offering unparalleled computational power for complex modelling and optimization.”By applying quantum computing to optimize financial portfolios,enhance risk analysis and improve trading strategies,organizations can leverage this tra

248、nsformative technology to gain a competitive edge.3.Leveraging quantum sensing for fraud prevention using time-stamp verification(use case 7).Using quantum clocks,this is a practical application that can be implemented in the near term.Accurate time-stamping can mitigate fraud risk by ensuring trans

249、action authenticity,making it a high-value initiative for policy-makers to consider as part of their broader fraud-prevention strategies.These insights underscore the need for strategic investments in quantum technologies today,to not only address the current security challenges,but also ensure long

250、-term competitiveness as the technologies mature for the finance industry.3.2.2 Technology and telecommunicationsSource:World Economic Forum in collaboration with AccentureNote:1 Quantum random number generator,2 Light detection and ranging,3 Quantum key distribution,4 Proof of concept/proof of valu

251、eEmbracing the Quantum Economy:A Pathway for Business Leaders31Quantum computing technologies have immense potential in the ICT industry,and technologies such as quantum sensing and quantum communication can improve telecommunications infrastructure.The following use cases provide actionable guidanc

252、e on strategic decision-making for adopting quantum technologies in the ICT sector:1.To ensure robust and secure communication,it is essential to prioritize the implementation of PQC and QKD for defence in depth.Use case 10 highlights QKD for secure communications as the most valuable and feasible u

253、se case in the near term due to its ability to detect eavesdropping and secure data transmission.Combining QKD with PQC offers a comprehensive defence in depth solution.This dual approach enhances the security framework,making it a critical focus area for pilot deployment in ICT.Together,QKD and PQC

254、 can be provided as a service,ensuring a more resilient and secure communication infrastructure.Additionally,scaled quantum cryptography management(QCM)solutions should be implemented across ICT operations(use case 10).As cybersecurity threats increase,quantum cryptography can provide advanced prote

255、ctions for critical infrastructure,making it a strategic priority.2.Investing in quantum sensing(QS)applications such as infrastructure inspection and data transmission reliability(use cases 4,5 and 7)offers high business value and feasibility for pilot testing.These technologies have the potential

256、to improve the precision and reliability of next-generation ICT infrastructure(e.g.5G and IoT),and investment in these areas can enhance operational efficiency.3.It is essential to develop PoCs for quantum computing use cases like optimization problems,which hold potential for solving complex comput

257、ational challenges,such as network traffic management(use cases 1,2 and 3).The focus should be on developing PoCs to assess scalability.This approach ensures ICT remains at the forefront of secure,scalable and efficient infrastructure development,and will allow the ICT industry to progress jointly w

258、ith quantum technology.Embracing the Quantum Economy:A Pathway for Business Leaders32Use case impact analysis for pharmaceuticals and healthcareFIGURE 13LowMediumHighVery highFeasibilityBusiness valueResearchPoC/PoV3ScaledPilot42910675318112111087543169High-throughput ligand interaction simulationmR

259、NA secondary structure prediction(used by Moderna,IBM)Optimization of clinical trial designsDetection of cardiovascular diseases(quantum magnetometers,used by SandboxAQ)High-precision medical imaging(quantum clocks for timing synchronization)More resilient keys for secure encryption and authenticati

260、on(QRNG)Quantum-enhanced advanced diagnostic imagingRemote vital signs monitoring(quantum acoustic sensors)Quantum-secure health information exchanges(PQC/QKD)Antibiotic simultaneous drug delivery and drug efficacy testing(diamond magnetometry)COVID detection in breath(ultrasensitive biomarker detec

261、tion)Quantum sensingQuantum communications and securityQuantum computingThe pharmaceuticals and healthcare industry stands to gain significantly from quantum technologies.These technologies,leveraging natural elements,simplify complex computations,providing a competitive edge in solving theoretical

262、and computational challenges.Given the stringent regulations in this industry,quantum technologies can enhance compliance and safety,reducing risks associated with human errors.The use cases include:1.Making targeted investments in computing and sensing use cases in the research phase,such as high-t

263、hroughput ligand interaction simulation(use case 1),detailed simulation of protein misfolding pathways(use case 2),and COVID detection in breath(use case 11),to unlock future breakthroughs.Computing technologies hold the potential to revolutionize drug discovery,disease diagnostics and pandemic prep

264、aredness.Investing now will ensure that organizations are well-positioned for long-term innovation and success as quantum sensing technologies are most mature for pilots.2.Developing early-stage computing and more mature quantum communication and security proofs of concept and value(PoCs and PoVs)fo

265、r nearer-term uses such as optimizing clinical trial designs(use case 3),quantum-secure health information exchanges(use case 9),and more resilient keys for secure encryption(use case 6).These use cases focus on improving the efficiency of clinical trials,securing sensitive health data,and preparing

266、 for the quantum cybersecurity challenges of tomorrow.Developing these solutions today will ensure scalability and future deployment 3.2.3.Pharmaceuticals and healthcareSource:World Economic Forum in collaboration with AccentureNote:1 Quantum random number generator,2 Post-quantum cryptography/quant

267、um key distribution,3 Proof of concept/proof of valueEmbracing the Quantum Economy:A Pathway for Business Leaders33Use case impact analysis for chemicals and advanced materialsFIGURE 14LowMediumHighVery highFeasibilityBusiness valueResearchPoC/PoV3ScaledPilot42910675318112101175439186Quantum chemist

268、ry simulations of chemical compounds used in fabrication of OLED devices(used by Mitsubishi Chemical,IBM,Keio University,JSR)Catalyst design optimizationMolecular dockingProduct quality check(quantum magnetometer)Quantum-enhanced quality imagingMore resilient keys for secure supply chain data transm

269、ission(QRNG)Last-mile quality control(quantum acoustic sensors)Quantum-secure internal data communication channels(PQC/QKD)PFAS chemicals remediation(Accenture,ICHEC,IonQ)Modelling of non-covalent interactions in water and methane systems(Cleveland Clinic,Michigan State University,IBM)Simulation of

270、N2 triple bond breaking using a quantum-centric supercomputer(IBM,University of Colorado,RIKEN)Quantum sensingQuantum communications and securityQuantum computing3.2.4.Chemicals and advanced materialsreadiness.Use cases relating to security can be piloted in the nearer term than quantum computing.3.

271、Begin implementing pilotable quantum sensing use cases such as high-precision medical imaging(use case 5),quantum enhanced diagnostic imaging(use case 7)and detection of cardiovascular diseases(use case 4)today,and apply the same techniques for detection of Parkinsons disease and foetal arrhythmia f

272、or future implementation.These pilots offer high feasibility and business value,allowing organizations to lead in early diagnostics and precision medicine.Immediate deployment of these pilots will enhance healthcare outcomes and lend a competitive edge to early adopters.Decision-makers should start

273、executing quantum technology projects to ensure the evolution of the R&D departments and the completion of industry digitalization.More customized treatments and better patient monitoring(customer-centricity)are key aspects of this evolution.This balanced approach will allow decision-makers to strat

274、egically manage resources across emerging and proven quantum technologies.Source:World Economic Forum in collaboration with AccentureNote:1 Quantum random number generator,2 Post-quantum cryptography/quantum key distribution,3 Proof of concept/proof of valueEmbracing the Quantum Economy:A Pathway fo

275、r Business Leaders34The chemicals and advanced materials sector is experimenting with new approaches to tackle the huge sustainability challenges coming up ahead.Quantum technologies will aid in the reinvention of the supply chain process,discovery of new materials and solution of new computational

276、problems.The use cases are summarized here:1.Investing in quantum sensing(QS)devices to obtain improved supply chain quality control(use case 5)by considerably decreasing the costs of detecting disruptive faults in the supply chain.These devices will also have a huge impact in the R&D labs pushing t

277、he limits of precise measurement and improving quality control(use case 4).2.Developing proofs-of-concept for quantum chemistry,taking advantage of natural quantum physical properties and new computational methods of quantum computers to address problems that are currently intractable.To capture val

278、ue from the quantum era,organizations must invest in their teams and technologies early on.Quantum computing,by discovering new catalysts(use case 2)and remediating PFAS(per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances)(use case 9),can enable the discovery of new fertilizers that boost agriculture while reducing

279、its carbon footprint.Quantum computing will also allow businesses to discover new pharmaceuticals(use case 3)that have the same quality as their predecessors but come at lesser cost.3.Prioritizing PQC algorithms can offer increased protections against future quantum computers in two ways:(1)protecti

280、ng data that is stolen today from being decrypted later and(2)protecting future systems from being impersonated once a cryptographically relevant quantum computer(CRQC)is available to break encryption.Using PQC algorithms or QRNG devices(use case 6)to protect these data is of high value for business

281、 and the industry should start implementing these pilots now.4.Develop a communication strategy that incorporates QKD,recognizing that this technology is still in its early stages of development.Chemical and advanced material companies need to understand where and how to apply QKD devices to secure

282、their internal communications(use case 8).This is a strategic investment for the long term to have next-generation infrastructures.According to Stefan Hartung,chairman of the board of management of Robert Bosch,which has been exploring quantum technologies for nearly a decade,“Quantum technology wil

283、l be a game changer in many areas truly an invented for life technology.Its important that we open industrial areas of application and develop business models without delay.”By carefully considering timing and implementation,organizations can fully leverage the competitive advantages these technolog

284、ies offer to the ecosystem.Embracing the Quantum Economy:A Pathway for Business Leaders35Use case impact analysis for energy and utilitiesFIGURE 15LowMediumHighVery highFeasibilityBusiness valueResearchPoC/PoV4ScaledPilot42910675318115291011438167Large-battery charging optimizationTailings treatment

285、(used by Accenture,Quantum City)Optimization of supply-chain providersGeophysical surveys(quantum gravimeters)Vehicle-to-grid optimization(Accenture)More resilient keys for secure supply-chain data transmission QRNG(Honeywell,Quantinuum)Quantum-secure internal communications(PQC/QKD)Shallow subsurfa

286、ce imaging(Saudi Aramco)Hydrogen gas-leak detection(quantum gas sensors,used by HYDRI consortium led by BP)Continuous methane monitoring(quantum gas LiDAR,3 QLM Tech,TotalEnergies)Precise timekeeping(quantum clocks,Chronos Technology,Infleqtion,NPL,PNDC)Quantum sensingQuantum communications and secu

287、rityQuantum computing3.2.5.Energy and utilitiesThe integration of quantum technologies into the energy and utilities sector promises to not only improve operational efficiencies and energy management but to also foster significant advancements in renewable energy and sustainable practices.As electri

288、c vehicles and renewable energy sources become increasingly prevalent,there is a pressing need to adapt and enhance energy infrastructures to meet this surge in demand.Advances in quantum sensing will soon enable new geological survey methods at previously impossible resolutions.Decision-makers and

289、policy influencers need to consider the following insights:1.Implementing quantum computing pilots to address the substantial challenges posed by the integration of new electric modalities into the energy grid(use case 1),fine fluid tailings treatment(use case 2)and enhanced seismic data processing

290、and subsurface imaging efficiency has been demonstrated by Saudi Aramcos shallow subsurface imaging quantum application(use case 8).These technologies are critical for optimizing grid management,achieving breakthroughs in sustainability and cost efficiency,and advancing subsurface imaging capabiliti

291、es,respectively.2.Utilizing quantum sensing technologies to enhance environmental condition forecasts(use case 10)is essential for understanding the global impacts on the grid and other energy infrastructure.Early deployment of quantum sensors for geophysical research,resource exploration,seismology

292、 and environmental science will significantly enhance energy companies readiness for future environmental changes and challenges(use case 4).3.Implementing post-quantum security protocols,QRNGs and QKD to secure the grid today is essential for a better tomorrow.Electrical trading regulations are of

293、huge importance in the market for energy stakeholders.They use very sensitive data,so finding ways to enhance the communication of Source:World Economic Forum in collaboration with AccentureNote:1 Quantum random number generator,2 Post-quantum cryptography/quantum key distribution,3 Light detection

294、and ranging,4 Proof of concept/proof of valueEmbracing the Quantum Economy:A Pathway for Business Leaders36Use case impact analysis for automotives,aerospace and transportationFIGURE 16LowMediumHighVery highFeasibilityBusiness valueResearchPoC/PoV2ScaledPilot42910675318117294685311110Aerodynamics si

295、mulation(applied by Airbus)Modelling of corrosion in metals(Boeing,IBM)Traffic-flow optimization(Volkswagen,D-Wave)Navigation and environmental monitoring(Lockheed Martin)Precise measurements in navigation and geophysical surveys(atom interferometry,applied by Boeing and AOSense;NASAs Goddard Space

296、Flight Center and AOSense;NASAs Cold Lab Atom)Precise timekeeping(quantum clocks,NPL)Supply-chain optimization(BMW and Entropica Labs)Navigation in GPS-denied environments(USAF and SandboxAQ)Ultra-high accuracy automatic ground test equipment for rockets(single photon detector,Ariane Group and ID Qu

297、antique)Quantum-secure internal data communication channels(PQC/QKD)Earth observation satellites scheduling optimization(Artificial Brain)Quantum sensingQuantum communications and securityQuantum computingtrading activities while safeguarding the integrity of the community will yield enormous value

298、to business.Identifying critical communication channels to secure with PQC,QRNGs(use case 6)and QKD devices can enable secure,unrestricted exchange of confidential data among electricity market providers.This early implementation is essential for ensuring the long-term strategic advantage of these t

299、echnologies.It is imperative for strategic stakeholders to develop a comprehensive and well-structured plan to integrate quantum technologies across various departments.This integration is crucial not only for keeping pace with rapid technological advancements but also for leveraging these innovatio

300、ns to enhance operational efficiencies and maintain a competitive edge in the marketplace.3.2.6.Automotives,aerospace and transportationSource:World Economic Forum in collaboration with AccentureNote:1 Post quantum cryptography/quantum key distribution,2 Proof of concept/proof of valueEmbracing the

301、Quantum Economy:A Pathway for Business Leaders37The automotives,aerospace and transportation industry are investing early,and quantum technologies are proving not just advantageous but essential to their business.By focusing on key use cases and implementing advanced technologies like quantum securi

302、ty and quantum navigation,businesses can secure critical infrastructure and ensure a resilient future.The following insights can help the industry adopt the right strategic plans:1.In the research phase,its essential to invest early in quantum computing use cases like aerodynamics simulation(use cas

303、e 1)and traffic flow optimization(use case 3).These technologies can solve intractable challenges in optimizing vehicle design and managing complex traffic systems.By investing in these areas now,companies will be better prepared for the future,enabling more efficient designs and significant improve

304、ments in logistics and traffic management as the technology matures.2.There is value in developing now for future pilots(PoC/PoV stage),where quantum technologies related to quantum sensing should be prioritized,particularly for environmental forecasting(use case 4)and synchronized operations(use ca

305、se 6).These use cases focus on improving traffic flows and preventing catastrophic events,such as accidents and miscommunications in critical infrastructure.Developing these PoC applications today will pave the way for large-scale pilots and future implementations that can enhance safety and operati

306、onal efficiency.3.Implementing pilot projects in quantum sensing(use case 9)today is particularly useful due to its high feasibility and potential for immediate impact on operational efficiency.Solutions like QRNG devices and QKD(use case 10)can secure traffic flow data and protect critical infrastr

307、ucture from eavesdroppers and cyberattacks.Similar to the advancements in navigation(use case 5),quantum navigation systems(use case 8)offer robust and precise navigation solutions,especially in environments where GPS signals are unreliable or unavailable.These quantum cryptographic protocols and na

308、vigation systems are sufficiently mature and should be implemented immediately to secure sensitive data transmissions and maintain the integrity of communications across automotive,aerospace and transportation networks.Businesses should:invest early in research areas like aerodynamics simulation(use

309、 case 1)and traffic flow optimization(use case 3)to position the industry for future success;develop PoCs for environmental forecasting(use case 4)and synchronized operations(use case 6)to prepare for the pilot stage;deploy quantum security pilots today with PQC,QRNG and QKD devices to protect commu

310、nication channels and infrastructure from cybersecurity threats;and implement quantum navigation systems to ensure resilient navigation/navigation improvement(use case 5)in GPS-denied environments.Together,these steps can ensure that the automotives,aerospace and transportation industries can overco

311、me challenges and capitalize on the advantages quantum technologies offer,leading to enhanced operational efficiency and data security.Embracing the Quantum Economy:A Pathway for Business Leaders38The business of quantum:How to get started4Leaders must consider the different pathways for businesses

312、to integrate quantum technologies into their strategy and operations,thereby propelling the quantum economy forward.Embracing the Quantum Economy:A Pathway for Business Leaders39Businesses taking an exploratory approach are characterized by their R&D efforts in understanding and experimenting with q

313、uantum technologies.Companies can engage with the quantum ecosystem through partnerships with academic institutions,R&D collaborations and innovation hubs to explore the potential of quantum technologies.4.1.1 Engaging with the ecosystemOne of the most effective ways businesses can explore quantum t

314、echnologies is by forming partnerships or alliances with academic institutions and research organizations.This ecosystem will provide access to cutting-edge research and the latest developments in quantum technology.Collaborations with universities can facilitate joint research projects,allowing bus

315、inesses to leverage academic expertise while providing practical applications and industry insights to academic researchers.Innovation hubs and R&D collaborations also play a crucial role in the explorative approach.By joining forces with innovation hubs,businesses can participate in a community of

316、innovators and researchers dedicated to advancing quantum technologies.These hubs often offer resources such as shared lab facilities,expert mentorship and networking opportunities,which can significantly accelerate a companys quantum learning curve.4.1.2 Undertaking small-scale projects and pilot p

317、rogrammesAnother key element of explorative initiatives typically involves small-scale projects and pilot programmes designed to test and understand the potential impacts of quantum technologies on a business.These projects are essential for gaining hands-on experience without making substantial com

318、mitments.Businesses can start with pilot projects that focus on specific applications of quantum computing,sensing or communication,allowing them to assess feasibility,benefits and challenges.For instance,a company might collaborate with quantum experienced entities to pilot a quantum computing proj

319、ect aimed at assessing the practical applications and potential benefits in their own context.By experimenting with quantum algorithms,the company can evaluate potential efficiency gains and identify any technical or operational hurdles.Similarly,a pilot programme in quantum sensing could involve te

320、sting quantum sensors for improved precision in environmental monitoring,offering valuable insights into the technologys practical applications.4.1.3 Learning and adaptingBy staying informed about the latest advancements in quantum technologies,businesses can remain agile and responsive to new oppor

321、tunities and challenges.This involves regular engagement with the quantum community through conferences,workshops and seminars,where industry leaders and researchers share insights and breakthroughs.Additionally,businesses can benefit from maintaining a flexible and open-minded attitude towards quan

322、tum technologies.Rather than committing to a specific technology or application prematurely,companies should focus on broad-based exploration,allowing them to identify the most promising areas for future investment and development.4.1.4 Gaining insights from industry leadersThe experiences and insig

323、hts of current industry leaders can provide valuable guidance for businesses aiming to engage with the quantum ecosystem.Companies that have successfully implemented explorative initiatives often share their lessons,highlighting both successes and challenges.These case studies can serve as practical

324、 examples for other businesses,offering strategies for effective engagement with quantum technologies.For example,industry leaders in the insurance sector have explored quantum computing for risk and portfolio optimization,sharing their experiences of how quantum algorithms have helped accelerate th

325、e discovery of assets to cede or reinsure within a portfolio.Similarly,leaders in the health industry have experimented with quantum sensing for enhanced heart disease detection,providing insights into the human body quicker and with more accuracy.Explorative initiatives represent a critical first s

326、tep for businesses seeking to integrate quantum technologies.By engaging with the quantum ecosystem through partnerships,small-scale projects and continuous learning,companies can gain valuable experience and insights.This approach allows businesses to test the waters,understand the potential impact

327、s of quantum technologies,and position themselves for future growth in the quantum economy.The next section delves into the approach of building a dedicated quantum team,exploring how businesses can develop in-house expertise and capabilities to drive their quantum strategies forward.4.1 Explorative

328、 initiativesEmbracing the Quantum Economy:A Pathway for Business Leaders40In this section,the focus is on highlighting different pathways for businesses to integrate people and resources for leveraging quantum technologies in their strategy and operations,thereby driving the quantum economy forward.

329、Building a dedicated team is crucial for businesses seeking to own the innovation process in quantum tech(e.g.JPMorganChase and AXA).By investing in internal capabilities and creating a specialized team of application-and business-relevant expertise,companies can gain a competitive edge and effectiv

330、ely lead the market to meet their specific needs.4.2.1 The importance of internal capabilitiesA dedicated team allows a company to build proprietary quantum solutions,explore use cases specific to their business,and integrate quantum technologies into their operations.This internal approach represen

331、ts a more committed strategy,where the company invests in its human resources to develop quantum expertise,ensuring that it remains at the forefront of quantum innovation.4.2.2 Team structure and recruitment strategiesCreating a specialized quantum team involves careful planning of the team structur

332、e,recruitment strategies and training programmes.The team should be composed of a diverse set of roles that align with the business applications of quantum technologies.4.2.3 Roles defined by business applicationsQuantum technology is introducing specialized roles to leverage its unique capabilities

333、.Those in the usual specialized roles,such as data scientists,will increasingly need an understanding of how to quantum-mechanically formulate problems.Quantum technologies are expected to become an integral part of various professional roles,outlined in Table 9 and Table 10 in Appendix A.3(Roles needed in different sectors for each quantum technology).In the financial services sector,quantum comp