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1、OPTICS&PHOTONICSTHE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICS AND PHOTONICS2023IIOptics&Photonics Global Salary ReportIntroductionThe Optics and Photonics Global Salary Report provides a reference for employees,students,and managers interested in understanding compensation across the career landscape:How doe

2、s my pay compare with that of my colleagues?To what degree are my colleagues working from home versus in person in labs or offices?What can I expect to earn in industry versus academia?The report addresses these questions and a variety of other issues across 14 topical sections,drawing on original r

3、esearch conducted by SPIE.SPIE delivers the report each year,free of charge,as part of its mission as a not-for-profit educational society supporting the science and application of light.The report builds on data from over 5,500 individuals in 101 countries1 who shared career information in a short

4、online survey.This is the 13th annual survey and report,the largest such study in the optics and photonics community.Unless otherwise noted,all results are based on full-time workers.For a complete list of participant countries and other details on survey methodology,please see Methodology and Endno

5、tes on page 23.Photo credit:Getty Images,Monty RakusenOptics&Photonics Global Salary Report1Key findings:The median salary for all full-time employees grew from$78,644 last year to$80,000 this year,an increase of 1.7%.2 Early in the pandemic many workers shifted to remote work,but this shift has mos

6、tly been reversed,with 71%working most or all of time in their labs,offices,or other face-to-face workplaces.Salaries paid in euro are up 15%versus last year,and have increased 27%since 2011.Since last year,growth for other main currencies has been nearly flat or flat,with US dollar salaries increas

7、ing 4%,pay in Chinese yuan and Japanese yen flat,and earnings in British pounds decreasing 3%.The highest-paid discipline is aerospace,with a median income of$122,721.Aerospace has held the top spot for all 13 years that the survey has been conducted.Median salaries are 19%higher overall for men tha

8、n for women,$83,255 versus$69,000.Most full-time workers surveyed identify as engineers(65%).Within this group,60%have engineering degrees and are working as engineers,24%have engineering degrees but are not working as engineers,and 16%work as engineers without having engineering degrees.The most po

9、pular engineering degrees are electrical(25%)and optical(19%),with mechanical(12%)falling in third place.The largest proportion of engineers focus their work on optical engineering(41%),followed by electrical(10%).Startups account for just over 14%of workers at for-profit organizations.These workers

10、 earn median salaries of$80,173,versus$106,519 for those at traditional companies.Almost two-thirds of student respondents are working towards a PhD(64%),followed by 20%pursuing masters degrees,and 12%seeking a bachelors degree.OPTICSIS AN AMAZING FIELDTO BE INVOLVED IN.2Optics&Photonics Global Sala

11、ry ReportOptics&Photonics Global Salary Report3Distribution of Full-time SalariesData OverviewFull-time Salary Summary StatisticsResponse DemographicsMean=$99,566Median=$80,000 5th percentile=$9,382 25th percentile=$44,746 75th percentile=$135,000 95th percentile=$245,000 99th percentile=$380,000n=4

12、,0475,568 Valid responses4,047 Full-time employees242 Part-time employees533 Employed students796 Students127 Unemployed93 Retired4,094 Men1,241 WomenLog scale$1,000,000$100,000$10,000$1,0003002001000Full-time salaries cluster around the median of$80,000,with half of respondents paid between$44,746

13、and$135,000.The overall distribution of pay is very wide,with 5th percentile workers earning$9,382 while those at the 95th percentile earn$245,000.4Optics&Photonics Global Salary ReportCountry OverviewWorkers in Israel,Switzerland,and the United States enjoy the highest median salaries.Workers at fo

14、r-profit organizations earn more than their colleagues in academia in most of the countries listed.CountryAllFor-profitAcademicGovernment/militaryIsrael(n=46)$139,714$148,268 Switzerland(n=46)$136,625$140,128$118,570 United States(n=1676)$135,000$150,000$102,000$135,000 Australia(n=27)$90,640$113,30

15、0$85,147 Singapore(n=35)$89,891$97,382$82,400 Germany(n=237)$83,085$96,932$65,366$74,030 Netherlands(n=72)$79,889$79,889$75,628$82,618 Denmark(n=20)$77,235$105,112$71,553 Canada(n=121)$74,376$74,376$63,220$81,814 Belgium(n=26)$73,498$93,204$64,361 South Korea(n=92)$71,760$79,733$65,780$66,976 Chile(

16、n=15)$71,000$68,342 Japan(n=141)$68,094$69,985$68,768$60,528 Sweden(n=16)$64,623$62,723$83,155 Austria(n=18)$63,911$63,911$63,487 Finland(n=33)$61,781$67,639$51,129 Taiwan(n=50)$58,694$73,368$32,608 United Kingdom(n=215)$57,352$70,143$50,793$53,817 France(n=69)$56,455$67,107$55,390$55,177 Lithuania(

17、n=21)$52,833$58,585 Portugal(n=22)$48,999$74,563$47,933 Spain(n=77)$42,608$45,803$42,608$36,003 Italy(n=141)$41,681$47,933$39,305$40,477 Peoples Republic of China(n=173)$36,521$43,825$29,216$43,825 Czechia(n=24)$35,488$37,706$32,294$36,597 Poland(n=25)$27,224$26,998$29,493 Brazil(n=57)$25,191$20,000

18、$26,718$28,626 Mexico(n=31)$20,870$20,870$36,522 Colombia(n=17)$19,609$19,609 Russia(n=61)$16,805$33,804$20,006$10,348 Turkey(n=51)$14,710$19,187$12,791$28,514 India(n=125)$14,574$13,918$12,145$18,218 Egypt(n=16)$5,886$23,000$4,599 Table includes all countries with a sample size of 15 or more full-t

19、ime workers.Minimum cell sample size is 5 respondents,with gold numbers indicating sample size of 5-9.The“All”column shows median salary for all full-time workers.The for-profit,academic,and government columns represent the subsets within those types of organizations.Median salary for full-time work

20、ers,overall,for-profit,academic,and government/military employers Optics&Photonics Global Salary Report5Survey responses by region1%1%4%16%43%31%4%“OPTICS HAS A GREAT FUTURE.MAKE SURE YOU DONT SHY AWAYFROM ASKING THINGS YOU DONT KNOW.Photo credit:Getty Images,Karl Hendon6Optics&Photonics Global Sala

21、ry ReportHave degrees in engineering and work as engineers.Have degrees in engineering,but are not currently working as engineers.Currently work as engineers,but do not have a degree in engineering.65%of full-time workers identify themselves as engineersWithin this group:Engineers in Optics and Phot

22、onics$90,773$75,659$95,87660%24%16%Median salaries shown.67%of people working as engineers without degrees in engineering have degrees in physics,folowed by 9%with degrees in astronomy,and 5%with chemistry degrees.Photo credit:Getty Images,InokOptics&Photonics Global Salary Report7What type of engin

23、eering is your main focus?010%20%30%40%50%AutomotiveAgriculturalEnvironmentalChemicalCivilGeneralIndustrialComputerAerospace or AeronauticalSoftwareMaterialsBiomedicalOtherMechanicalElectricalOptical$96,000$46,281$20,452$101,193$30,362$83,500$73,531$70,796$127,911$79,500$100,000$81,613$96,892$87,333

24、$83,225$97,997 Graph covers the set of people who say they are currently working as engineers,whether or not they have a degree in engineering.Median Salaries shown.Percentage of respondents with each focus05%10%15%20%25%CivilSoftwareNuclearIndustrialAerospace or AeronauticalChemicalComputerOtherBio

25、medicalMaterialsEngineering PhysicsMechanicalOpticalElectrical$50,000$64,265$100,000$69,785$81,557$140,000$67,107$70,000$71,201$102,000$74,563$97,823$96,874$91,201 Graph covers the set of people who say they have a degree in engineering.Median Salaries shown.Percentage of respondents with each degre

26、eWhat type of engineering degree do you have?8Optics&Photonics Global Salary ReportRemote WorkThe COVID-19 pandemic created a shift to remote work in our community.Two years ago,when the workplace impact of the pandemic was strongest,40%of survey respondents worked half or more of their hours remote

27、ly.One year ago,26%of employees worked remotely half or more of the time,while currently that number has declined to 13%.100%RemoteMostly RemoteAbout Half and HalfMostly Workplace100%WorkplaceTwo years ago17%23%17%22%22%One year ago8%18%22%30%21%Currently4%9%16%37%34%What proportion of your work hou

28、rs did or do you spend working remotely versus in an office,lab,or other workplace with colleagues?KEEP A BROAD PERSPECTIVEAND STAY UP TO DATE.“Photo credit:Getty Images,Luis AlvarezOptics&Photonics Global Salary Report9Wage GrowthSalaries paid in euro and U.S.dollars were up in 2021,15%for euro and

29、 4%for dollars.There was no change in median salary paid in Chinese yuan or Japanese yen,while earnings in British pounds decreased 3%.Over the thirteen years that this survey has been conducted,median salaries in each of these five currency groups have increased 13%or more,with wages paid in Chines

30、e yuan increasing the most,rising 178%since 2011.3 Change in median salaries,2011-21,main currency groupsGrowth in median salaries,2011-2022,main currency groups2011 Median Salary2021 Median Salary2022 Median SalaryGrowth 2021-2022Growth 2011-2022Chinese yuan90,000250,000250,0000%178%Euro47,20052,00

31、060,00015%27%United States dollar$106,000$130,000$134,000 4%26%British pound42,00049,00047,4233%13%Japanese yen8,000,000 9,000,000 9,000,000 0%13%50100150200250300Chinese yuanEuroUnited States dollarBritish poundJapanese yen202220212020201920182017201620152014201320122011“FIND AN AREA THAT YOU CAN B

32、E PASSIONATE ABOUT AND STICK WITH IT.10Optics&Photonics Global Salary ReportRegionNorth America,Oceania,and higher-income Asia stand out as the regions with the highest salaries.4 A large portion of regional income gaps is explained by the level of economic development of countries within each area.

33、5 Median salary by region“How did you find your original position at your present employer?”0$30,000$60,000$90,000$120,000$150,000Asia,lower income(n=182)Africa(n=41)Europe,lower income(n=96)Latin America&Caribbean(n=134)Middle East(n=138)Europe,higher income(n=1123)Asia,higher income(n=323)Oceania(

34、n=39)North America(n=1797)$12,145$13,992$16,103$25,191$34,909$61,781$71,164$85,725$130,000 Alumni network1%Printed job advertisement(newspaper or journal)2%Public/governmentplacement agency2%Professionalassociation2%Universitycareer ofce6%In-person job fair1%Other3%I founded or started the company3%

35、I wasrecruited18%I contacted theemployer directly(no job was advertised)10%Online job advertisement21%Networking or referralthrough personal contact30%Optics&Photonics Global Salary Report11Employer Type Median salaries are greatest for self-employed/consultants,company/corporation,and military/defe

36、nse.Universities,colleges,and other educational institutions pay the least.6Median salary by employer typeRegionAcademicGovernment/militaryFor-profitNorth America$100,000$130,000$150,000 Oceania$82,682$76,200$103,193 Middle East$13,324$28,514$102,647 Asia,higher income$68,094$67,773$75,659 Europe,hi

37、gher income$53,259$51,448$74,563 Europe,lower income$16,557$11,038$32,401 Africa$9,978$10,893$23,661 Latin America&Caribbean$26,361$33,305$21,947 Asia,lower income$11,809$14,678$12,145 Gold numbers indicate sample size of 5-9.Percentage of RespondentsMedian SalaryTraditional companies86%$106,519 Sta

38、rtup companies14%$80,173 The question was seen by respondents indicating“Company or corporation”or“Private laboratory or research institute”for organization type.Median salary by region:Academic,government/military,and for-profit employersMedian salaries at startup versus traditional companiesStartu

39、ps account for just over 14%of workers at for-profit organizations.These entrepreneurs earn median salaries of$80,173 versus$106,591 for their colleagues at traditional companies.0$30,000$60,000$90,000$120,000$150,000University,college,or othereducational institution(n=1200)Other research institute(

40、n=46)Other(n=23)Government laboratory orresearch institute(n=509)Private laboratory orresearch institute(n=60)Civilian government(n=41)Not-for-profit organization orintergovernmental organization(n=107)Military or defense(n=89)Company or corporation(n=1945)Self-employed or consultant(n=22)$55,190$56

41、,750$57,445$61,355$69,112$90,000$102,258$105,000$102,647$123,911 12Optics&Photonics Global Salary ReportCareer StageIndiaTurkeyRussiaPeoples Republic of ChinaItalySpainFranceUnited KingdomLess than one year$8,016$6,556$21,912$25,564$40,756 1-2 years$6,850$5,330$24,834$34,619$29,639$42,328 3-5 years$

42、11,902$14,656$13,798$29,216$30,890$37,282$39,944$50,793 6-10 years$17,610$15,030$34,494$51,129$37,282$36,216$50,064$53,355 11-15 years$18,218$28,780$20,006$32,138$41,079$45,270$48,999$68,886 16-20 years$21,861$10,971$36,521$44,738$55,390$63,911$59,863 21-25 years$31,577$31,978$24,146$124,170$56,455$

43、57,520$76,694$80,060 26-30 years$62,846$64,976$74,980 More than 30 years$14,574$15,867$103,598$74,563$68,172$172,500$89,493 Blank cells result from sample size below 5 respondents.Gold numbers indicate sample size of 5-9.Countries are ordered ascending left to right by overall median full-time salar

44、y.AcademicFor-profitGovernment/militaryLess than one year$37,188$62,161$53,076 1-2 years$47,933$63,206$39,299 3-5 years$50,793$80,346$65,051 6-10 years$51,982$85,532$66,695 11-15 years$52,656$100,887$53,386 16-20 years$71,760$106,519$72,144 21-25 years$81,806$138,474$90,343 26-30 years$95,867$150,00

45、0$140,000 More than 30 years$105,923$160,000$90,343 Median salary by years employed for selected countries Median salary by years employed and organization type category What most inspired you to pursue optics,photonics,or a related field?05%10%15%20%25%30%A course at secondary schoolOtherInterest i

46、n solving particularproblems with lightA course at universityScientific curiosity about lightProfessors,teachers,or mentorsThe opportunities,excitement,andchallenges presented by a growing fieldIncludes students,full-time,and part-time workers.2%5%11%15%18%23%26%Optics&Photonics Global Salary Report

47、13TaiwanJapanSouth KoreaNetherlandsGermanySingaporeUnited StatesSwitzerlandIsrael$68,172$99,000$26,412$32,691$53,259$80,000$51,070$36,741$57,520$63,911$102,000$96,203$102,647$91,302$56,745$67,773$64,444$77,386$71,164$116,500$118,570$84,684$64,310$71,760$92,671$90,754$101,128$130,000$150,907$153,971$

48、76,628$75,659$95,680$106,519$97,358$97,382$140,000$155,219$105,499$74,998$75,659$79,733$101,193$198,510$170,000$167,076$149,694$83,225$95,680$136,877$121,431$180,529$75,659$103,653$111,845$98,530$180,000$150,907$199,592 Asia,Lower IncomeEurope,Lower IncomeLatin America&CaribbeanMiddle EastEurope,Hig

49、her IncomeAsia,Higher IncomeNorth AmericaLess than one year$7,651$33,185$40,477$90,000 1-2 years$6,680$18,922$6,396$35,938$42,608$75,000 3-5 years$11,173$13,798$15,652$24,924$51,826$51,129$100,000 6-10 years$13,360$25,000$24,809$45,302$65,216$58,585$114,000 11-15 years$17,610$17,937$26,634$47,950$69

50、,443$66,540$129,000 16-20 years$15,852$13,074$37,214$61,351$75,703$68,172$140,000 21-25 years$21,188$19,443$37,084$52,310$81,520$85,215$160,000 26-30 years$32,792$20,696$95,314$60,038$87,008$95,867$175,000 More than 30 years$12,656$14,487$32,157$108,350$79,442$85,215$180,000 Blank cells result from

51、sample size below 5 respondents.Gold numbers indicate sample size of 5-9.Median salary by years employed and regionI WAS INSPIRED TO PURSUE OPTICS,PHOTONICS,OR A RELATED FIELD BECAUSE:“Star Wars in 1977”“Internship opportunity in optics at a company while I was a student”“The beauty of laser light”“

52、Independence and freedom,curiosity and room to explore.”14Optics&Photonics Global Salary ReportMedian salary by primary disciplineDiscipline Aerospace and semiconductor disciplines enjoy the highest median earnings,at$122,721 and$102,000,respectively.Civil or environmental salaries are the smallest,

53、with a median salary of$43,825.The two most important factors driving salary gaps across disciplines are employment sector and country income level.The highest-paying disciplines have much higher representation at for-profit companies:71%of semiconductor and 61%of aerospace workers work at for-profi

54、ts.0$30,000$60,000$90,000$120,000$150,000Civil or environmental(n=67)Nanotechnology(n=240)Physics(n=519)Computer science,software,or information technology(n=395)Photonics(n=692)Electrical or electronics(n=410)Biomedical,medical,biology,biophysics,biotechnology,or healthcare(n=555)Other(n=197)Remote

55、 sensing(n=278)Lasers(n=544)Interdisciplinary engineeringor research(n=224)Materials(n=271)Mechanical(n=148)Optical systems(n=924)Optical design(n=437)Illumination(n=67)Astronomy or astrophysics(n=314)Manufacturing(n=434)Systems engineering or research(n=277)Chemical(n=118)Semiconductor(n=481)Aerosp

56、ace(n=351)$43,825$63,786$63,911$67,324$69,112$71,360$72,433$72,562$74,000$76,847$77,450$80,060$83,113$85,000$85,000$85,532$88,000$90,702$93,000$95,433$102,000$122,721 Optics&Photonics Global Salary Report15Country income level has a similar impact on median salaries of optics and photonics disciplin

57、es.In aerospace,for example,88%of workers are located in North America or higher-income European countries.Median salary by discipline:For-profit,government/military,and academic employersDisciplineAcademicGovernment militaryFor-profitSemiconductor$54,310$53,259$135,000 Systems engineering or resear

58、ch$149,000$91,520$127,000 Aerospace$57,520$87,000$120,000 Physics$57,314$63,911$120,000 Interdisciplinary engineering or research$49,367$68,476$115,000 Optical systems$55,631$63,911$112,863 Materials$65,216$81,594$111,845 Electrical or electronics$56,000$74,563$110,390 Photonics$51,494$63,911$110,00

59、0 Remote sensing$53,259$53,400$102,258 Biomedical,medical,biology,biophysics,biotechnology,or healthcare$54,799$63,911$101,160 Optical design$60,528$46,368$101,009 Lasers$59,650$48,423$100,000 Nanotechnology$52,539$52,624$100,000 Astronomy or astrophysics$48,000$51,826$97,500 Computer science,softwa

60、re,or information technology$62,510$62,472$97,000 Manufacturing$57,293$64,624$95,000 Chemical$43,825$69,405$91,302 Illumination$53,259$75,628$90,720 Other$91,912$82,744$90,083 Mechanical$55,390$89,000 Civil or environmental$51,827$20,452$51,129 The blank cell results from a sample size below 5 respo

61、ndents.Gold numbers indicate sample size of 5-9.“BECOME THE EXPERT-THE ONE PEOPLE WANT TO ASK THE HARD QUESTIONS.16Optics&Photonics Global Salary ReportMedian salary by application areaApplication AreaSecurity/defense is the highest-paid application area,which is unsurprising given that 55%of these

62、workers are in aerospace,the highest-paying discipline.0$20,000$40,000$60,000$80,000$100,000$120,000Environmental monitoring(n=390)Not applicable-My work does nothave a direct application(n=218)Communications/networking(n=523)Biomedical,medical,biology,biophysics,biotechnology,or healthcare(n=1082)O

63、ther(n=482)Advanced manufacturing(n=842)Transportation(n=167)Astronomy or astrophysics(n=470)Semiconductor(n=833)Security/defense(n=755)$57,760$60,626$70,000$72,433$80,000$85,865$86,140$91,606$107,000$63,963 Respondents were askedWhat is the main application of your most recent work,research,studies

64、,or teaching?“PHOTONICSIS A FAST-DEVELOPING FIELDAND I LOVE BEING A PART OF IT.Photo credit:Getty Images,GorodenkoffOptics&Photonics Global Salary Report17Gender Women make up 23%of the respondents to the survey,33%of students,19%of fulltime workers,and 31%of part-time workers.The median salary for

65、full-time women workers is$69,000,versus$83,225 for men.Median salary by gender and regionMen have higher median salaries at all types of employers,though women at 5-10 years and 16-20 years of employment have higher median salaries than their male colleagues.0$30,000$60,000$90,000$120,000$150,000As

66、ia,lower incomeAfricaEurope,lower incomeLatin America&CaribbeanMiddle EastEurope,higher incomeAsia,higher incomeOceaniaNorth American=736 women,3053 men.Gold numbers indicatesample size of 5-9.Women Men$13,706$4,775$10,991$23,130$9,060$53,115$52,394$85,833$109,000$14,574$16,137$18,142$26,634$47,967$

67、63,911$71,760$85,725$140,000“IN EVERY PROJECT IVE WORKED,I AM STILL THE ONLY ONE OR ONE OF 2 WOMEN WITH ACTUAL ENGINEERING ROLES.18Optics&Photonics Global Salary ReportMedian salary by gender and employer typeMedian salary by gender and years employedWomenMenLess than one year$47,294$54,218 1-2 year

68、s$49,720$54,000 3-5 years$56,000$62,000 5-10 years$70,000$69,237 11-15 years$70,223$75,455 16-20 years$90,000$87,497 21-25 years$85,385$106,519 26-30 years$93,933$130,674 More than 30 years$104,153$145,750 n=458 women,2135 men0$30,000$60,000$90,000$120,000$150,000University,college,or othereducation

69、al institutionGovernment laboratoryor research instituteOther research instituteOtherPrivate laboratory orresearch instituteCivilian governmentMilitary or defenseCompany or corporationNot-for-profit organization orintergovernmental organizationSelf-employed or consultantWomen MenMinimum sample size

70、is 5respondents,with gold numbers indicating sample size of 5-9.$54,751$52,402$42,608$26,175$46,602$88,000$95,000$92,000$93,204$63,911$62,668$56,000$65,509$70,000$90,000$103,653$106,519$112,922$127,822“ITS THE TEAMWORK THAT DECIDESTHE SUCCESS OF THE PROJECT.Optics&Photonics Global Salary Report19Oth

71、er Factors Other factors that influence salary include job level and job role.Top organizational leaders enjoy the highest salaries,while research and teaching assistants anchor the bottom of the range.Median salary by job level0$50,000$100,000$150,000$200,000Teaching assistant(n=21)Research assista

72、nt(n=123)Other technician(n=60)Assistant professor(n=200)Optical or lasermanufacturing technician(n=54)Postdoc(n=291)Student(including PhD)(n=22)Fellow(n=46)Associate professor(n=229)Instructor or adjunct professor(n=39)Other(n=120)Staf(n=836)Full professor(n=238)Academic dean or provost(n=13)Owner(

73、n=38)Lead or senior level(n=826)Supervisor or manager(n=405)C-level or senior executive(n=90)Director(n=216)Vice-president(n=57)$11,717$31,956$44,626$48,259$48,840$50,000$51,759$52,881$58,433$60,528$66,250$80,875$85,373$90,791$100,000$115,000$118,000$153,301$159,778$200,000 Photo credit:Getty Images

74、,Nitat Termmee20Optics&Photonics Global Salary ReportMedian salary by job role0$50,000$100,000$150,000$200,000College professor,teacher,or other educator(n=464)Basic research or science(n=459)Other(n=102)Technical or lab(n=135)Administrative(n=80)Medical doctor or clinician(n=11)Applied research(n=7

75、44)Marketing(n=48)Production,manufacturing,or quality assurance(n=103)Consultant(n=35)Project or program management(n=169)Application or productdevelopment(n=251)Engineering or design(n=823)Sales(n=142)Purchasing(n=13)Business development(n=104)Executive,leadership,or owner(n=222)$60,000$61,781$62,8

76、93$63,911$64,000$65,000$66,201$79,330$85,000$89,000$97,382$99,062$100,000$100,000$102,647$114,889$155,648 Median salary by job level,selected countriesPostdocStaff Lead or senior levelSupervisor or managerAssistant professorAssociate professorFull professorSwitzerland$118,570$140,128$150,907 United

77、States$58,000$115,500$156,000$165,000$108,500$109,000$180,000 Israel$104,073$136,863 Germany$64,976$78,291$87,878$106,093$91,606$141,137 Netherlands$55,390$74,563 South Korea$32,722$71,760$79,733$87,706$111,626 Japan$56,745$75,659$75,659$49,935$68,094$83,225 France$38,347$47,401$71,900$71,322$42,608

78、$66,042 United Kingdom$44,746$43,537$61,677$82,599$72,562$96,749 Italy$23,434$42,608$53,259$55,922$39,838$58,585$74,563 Spain$36,110$40,477$50,596$53,792$74,563 Taiwan$24,608$38,076$84,780$130,431 Peoples Republic of China$34,768$51,129$43,825$26,295$32,869$40,173 Russia$19,661$28,975$20,006 India$8

79、,684$9,716$21,254$10,323$13,360$17,610$23,318 Sorted by Staff median salary.Minimum cell sample size is 5 respondents,with gold numbers indicating sample size of 5-9.Optics&Photonics Global Salary Report21Degree being pursuedStudentsThe majority of student respondents are pursuing PhDs.05%20%30%40%5

80、0%60%70%80%Masters of Business Administration(MBA or equivalent)Associates degreeHigh school diplomaBachelors degree(BA,BS,or equivalent)Masters degree(MA,MS,or equivalent)PhD,doctorate,or equivalentn=12591%1%2%12%20%64%Photo credit:Getty Images,Monty Rakusen“I LOVE MY JOB AND EVERYTHING RELATED TO

81、SCIENCE.“22Optics&Photonics Global Salary ReportHire Good People SPIE Career Center Online Job PostingsPost your jobAccess to analytics for each job postingResume access with each job postingsalesspiecareercenter.org www.spiecareercenter.orgOnsite at Job Fairs in 2023Photonics West San Francisco CA,

82、Jan/FebAR|VR|MR San Francisco,CA,Jan/FebDefense+Commercial Sensing Orlando,Fl,MayOptics+PhotonicsSan Diego,CA,AugustOptifabRochester,NY,OctoberPhoto:Thomas RiessPhoto:Aleksandr ShudkinPhoto:Jose Luis PrietoOptics&Photonics Global Salary Report23Methodology and Endnotes In December of 2022,SPIE sent

83、email survey invitations to a large subset of its global customer database.Response was voluntary and open.A gift card raffle and early access to this report were offered as incentives to encourage participation.Surveys were completed online using the Alchemer enterprise survey tool.Results were fil

84、tered for duplicates and invalid data to yield 5,568 valid responses.Microsoft Excel and SPSS were utilized for summary statistics and related analyses.Notes:1.This count of respondents by country includes valid responses from full-time,part-time,unemployed,student,and retiree respondents.United Sta

85、tes(2045),Germany(302),India(302),Peoples Republic of China(279),United Kingdom(264),Canada(191),Italy(183),Japan(172),South Korea(126),Spain(112),France(92),Netherlands(85),Mexico(83),Russia(77),Brazil(75),Turkey(69),Switzerland(63),Taiwan(63),Israel(55),Poland(48),Finland(43),Belgium(39),Singapore

86、(38),Australia(34),Czechia(33),Austria and Pakistan(30),Egypt(29),Colombia(28),Portugal(26),Lithuania(25),Denmark(24),South Africa(22),Sweden(20),Chile(19),Greece and Ireland(18),New Zealand(17),Iran and Malaysia(16),Argentina and Ukraine(12),Indonesia and Thailand(11),Hungary,Iraq,Latvia,and Romani

87、a(10),Armenia,Ethiopia,and Norway(9),Nigeria and United Arab Emirates(8),Bulgaria,Morocco,Saudi Arabia,and Vietnam(7),Belarus,Hong Kong SAR,China,Kenya,and Slovenia(6),Algeria(5),Estonia,Ghana,Kazakhstan,Serbia,Slovak Republic,and Tunisia(4),Cameroon,Ecuador,Kuwait,Peru,Qatar,and Venezuela(3),Democr

88、atic Republic of the Congo,Cte dIvoire,Cyprus,Moldova,and Philippines(2),Afghanistan,Angola,Azerbaijan,Bangladesh,Brunei,Guatemala,Kyrgyz Republic,Lebanon,Libya,Macao SAR,China,Malta,Montenegro,Nepal,Oman,Paraguay,Sri Lanka,Swaziland,Tajikistan,Uganda,Uruguay,Uzbekistan,and Zimbabwe(1)2.US dollars a

89、re used throughout.Local currencies were converted using January 2023 market exchange rates.Salary figures include total yearly compensation,both base pay and bonuses.Full-time employees are those who indicated working 35 or more hours per week.Unless otherwise noted,all data on pay is drawn from fu

90、ll-time employees.3.Yearly growth was computed by comparing same-currency results for each year.4.Oceania is comprised of Australia and New Zealand.North America is comprised of the United States and Canada.Mexico and Guatemala are included in the Latin America and Caribbean category.5.Europe and As

91、ia are composed of countries spanning a wide range of income levels,even when subdivided into higher-and lower-income groups.For example,the European higher-income category includes Lithuania and Norway at$21,740 and$83,880 per capita Gross National Income(GNI),respectively,for 2021.European lower-i

92、ncome countries include Bulgaria at$11,200 and Moldova at$5,370.Higher-and lower-income subcategories are based on the World Banks threshold for high-income countries,$13,205 per capita GNI in 2021.This threshold is used throughout this report when referring to“higher-income”and“lower-income”countri

93、es.For data on per capita GNI,see http:/data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD/countries.For World Bank country income categories,see http:/data.worldbank.org/about/country-classifications.6.The category“for-profit”is composed of company/corporation,self-employed/consultant,and fill-in“other”en

94、tries that indicate for-profit affiliation.“Academic”is composed of university/college,private lab or research institute,not-for-profit,intergovernmental,other research institute,and open-text“other”entries that indicate academic organizations.“Government/military”is composed of government lab or re

95、search institute,civilian government,and military/defense.“REGARDING MY CAREER,I JUST WANT LEARN MORE AND MORE.24Optics&Photonics Global Salary ReportNotesOptics&Photonics Global Salary Report25Photo credit:Getty Images,ViktorCap“A CAREER IN PHOTONICSIS ALL LIGHT WORK!SPIE INTERNATIONAL HEADQUARTERS

96、 PO Box 10 Bellingham,WA 98227-0010 USA Tel:+1 360 676 3290/Fax:+1 360 647 1445 helpspie.org/spie.orgSPIE EUROPE OFFICES 2 Alexandra Gate Ffordd Pengam,Cardiff,CF24 2SA UK Tel:+44 29 2089 4747/Fax:+44 29 2089 4750 infospieeurope.org/spie.orgFOR QUESTIONS,COMMENTS,OR SUGGESTIONS,CONTACT REPORT AUTHOR

97、 ADAM RESNICK AT:adamrspie.org 2023 SPIE.All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without written permission of the publisher.SPIE is the international society for optics and photonicsCONNECTING MINDS.ADVANCING LIGHT.2023 Global Sal

98、ary Report“SPIE is the international society for optics and photonics.We bring together engineers,scientists,students,and industry leaders,strengthening the global optics and photonics community through conferences,publications,and professional development.Inspired by the transformative power of photonics to enhance life around the globe,over the past five years SPIE has contributed more than$22 million to the international optics community.www.spie.orgBEING A MEMBER OF SPIE OPENED DOORS FOR MEAND CONTRIBUTED GREATLY TO MY SUCCESS.