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1、In collaboration with Oliver WymanNature Positive:Role of the Automotive Sector China Deep-dive I N S I G H T R E P O R TJ A N U A R Y 2 0 2 5Images:Getty ImagesDisclaimer This document is published by the World Economic Forum as a contribution to a project,insight area or interaction.The findings,i

2、nterpretations and conclusions expressed herein are a result of a collaborative process facilitated and endorsed by the World Economic Forum but whose results do not necessarily represent the views of the World Economic Forum,nor the entirety of its Members,Partners or other stakeholders.2025 World

3、Economic Forum.All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,including photocopying and recording,or by any information storage and retrieval system.ContentsForeword 3Foreword 4About the Nature Positive Transitions report series 5Executi

4、ve summary 6Introduction 71 The state of Chinas automotive sector today 101.1 The global significance of Chinas 12 automotive sector1.2 Sustainability-powered transition of Chinas 15 automotive sector2 The Chinese automotive industrys impact and dependency on nature 182.1 Level of industrial activit

5、y in China 202.2 Identify opportunity to address impact on nature 213 Five priority actions 243.1 Priority action 1:Avoid and reduce impacts from operations 273.2 Priority action 2:Avoid and reduce impacts from materials 293.3 Priority action 3:Transform product offering 313.4 Priority action 4:Cons

6、erve and restore nature with 31 Indigenous Peoples and local communities3.5 Priority action 5:Drive cross-sector collaboration 32 on standards,transparency,infrastructure and policyConclusion 33Appendix 34Contributors 36Endnotes 38Nature Positive:Role of the Automotive Sector China Deep-dive2Forewor

7、dTransition is always exciting,as it creates opportunities.To support the achievement of global climate goals,the transport system is undergoing a fundamental transformation in how itis fuelled and powered.Electric vehicles and lithium-ion batteries are among the“new three”products significantly con

8、tributing to Chinas export growth.Chinas automotive sector is playing a championing role in global climate action and has made substantial progress in reducing environmental impact,improving water and material efficiency and scaling circularity to put green development into practice.Yet we need to r

9、aise ambition and accelerate environmental action as an industry,thinking bigger than net zero to also include nature-positive goals.In the global context of achieving a net-zero and nature-positive future,a more holistic transition presents even more opportunities.By systematically recognizing the

10、automotive sectors impacts and dependencies on nature and setting strategies accordingly,leading players in the sector can significantly enhance their global competitiveness.Contemporary Amperex Technology Co.,Limited(CATL)is committed to driving innovation in battery technology,integrating sustaina

11、bility into every aspect of its operations from design and production to product life cycle management and collaborating with partners throughout the value chain to maximize positive environmental impact.By 2025,CATL aims to achieve carbon neutrality in its core operations and extend this to the ent

12、ire battery supply chain by 2035.Additionally,CATL plans to increase the use of renewable energy to 50%by 2030 and implement over 500 energy-saving projects by 2025,reducing carbon emissions by at least 600,000 tons annually.Furthermore,were collaborating with suppliers to continue enhancing practic

13、es on waste treatment,monitoring and recycling of resources,and protecting soil and freshwater system.Seizing opportunities in the global nature-positive transition wont be easy,but with collaboration and partnership,value and positive impact can be created urgently and at scale.We call on our peers

14、 in China and global partners in the automotive sector to work together for our long-term prosperity and the vision of living in harmony with nature on our home planet.Robin Zeng Founder,Chairman and Chief Executive Officer,Contemporary Amperex Technology Co.,Limited(CATL)Nature Positive:Role of the

15、 Automotive Sector China Deep-dive January 2025Nature Positive:Role of the Automotive Sector China Deep-dive3ForewordWe are faced with intertwined,multifaceted global challenges.These include immediate impacts such as record-breaking heatwaves,unprecedented floods in atypical regions and other extre

16、me weather events significantly driven by climate change,as well as those rapidly evolving silent beasts exemplified by biodiversity loss and ecosystem collapse.Our window to reverse global nature loss is rapidly closing.The philosophy of living in harmony with nature is deeply rooted in Chinese cul

17、ture,reflected in ancient philosophies like Taoism and Confucianism and modernizing its culture integrated with ecological civilization.This enduring wisdom must be urgently awakened and translated into action.The World Economic Forum,in collaboration with Oliver Wyman,has been working in the past t

18、wo years to assess how environmental challenges materialize and impact sector activities and business actions.Together,we have developed theNature Positive Transitions:Sector Report Series.This automotive report is the first regional deep-dive report within this series and adds country-specific pers

19、pectives to the findings in theglobal automotive report.China remains imperative to the world economy and global supply chain.Chinas automotive sector is one of the leaders in the transition towards autonomous,electric,connected and shared mobility in this new era driven by the macro force of techno

20、logical revolution.Actions towards a nature-positive transition could enhance the sectors sustainability and overall competitiveness while also facilitating resilience and new growth opportunities.The report entails Chinese business practices and potential opportunities from the automotive sectors n

21、ature-positive transition in China.Tim Colyer Climate and Sustainability Lead,Asia Pacific,OliverWymanZhu Chunquan Head,China Nature Initiatives,World Economic ForumNature Positive:Role of the Automotive Sector China Deep-dive4About the Nature Positive Transitions report seriesNature Positive:Role o

22、f the Automotive Sector China Deep-diveis published by the World Economic Forum in collaboration with Oliver Wyman.It is part of the World Economic Forums Nature Positive Transitions report series,which outlines the different pathways to halt and reverse nature loss by 2030 the mission at the heart

23、of the Global Biodiversity Framework.The series consists of three transitions:business sectors,cities and financial institutions.These reports highlight the relevance of nature-related risks,identify the impacts and dependencies of the economy and society on nature,and provide guidelines for busines

24、s,city and financial institution leaders on key actions to accelerate the nature-positive transition.The Nature Positive Transitions report series builds on the New Nature Economy Report Series.For more information,please visit Nature Positive Transitions.Sector reports:Nature Positive:Role of the C

25、ement and Concrete SectorNature Positive:Role of the Household and Personal Care Products SectorNature Positive:Role of the Chemical Sector Nature Positive:Role of the Mining and Metals SectorNature Positive:Role of the Automotive Sector Nature Positive:Role of the Offshore Wind SectorNature Positiv

26、e:Role of the Port Sector Cities reports:Nature Positive:Guidelines for the Transition in CitiesNature Positive:Leaders Insights for the Transition in CitiesNature Positive:Financing the Transition in CitiesNature Positive:Cities Efforts to Advance the Transition DurbanFinance reports:Financing the

27、Nature-Positive Transition:Understanding the Role of Banks,Investors andInsurersNature Positive:Role of the Automotive Sector China Deep-dive5Executive summaryIn total,65%of Chinas overall gross domestic product(GDP)is at risk due to nature loss.However,there is hope China has committed to pursuing

28、ecological civilization and green development.To achieve these goals and contribute to a nature-positive future,urgent action from businesses across all sectors in China is imperative.The Chinese automotive industry is experiencing a profound transformation driven by technological advancements,polic

29、y support and a heightened focus on sustainability.China has emerged as the largest automotive manufacturing hub globally,leading in both production and exports.The electric vehicle(EV)market is experiencing rapid growth,with EV penetration in China projected to reach 90%by 2030.As the industry matu

30、res,Chinese companies are increasingly looking to expand globally,despite unfamiliar market dynamics and more stringent regulatory requirements.The industrys growth has substantial implications for global automotive markets and environmental sustainability.The impacts and dependencies of the Chinese

31、 automotive sector on nature span the entire value chain.The industry heavily relies on key materials with a high dependency on imports,making efficiency and recycling crucial for a resilient value chain.Midstream and downstream activities,including materials processing,production of parts and use o

32、f vehicles,all contribute to the overall impact on nature.This report delves into the automotive industrys impacts and dependencies on nature in China,how industrial activities amplify such impacts andhow the sector in China has been addressing these challenges.Four major challenges have beenidentif

33、ied:The industrys growth has heightened its impact and dependency on environmental assets and ecosystem services,particularly due to the intensified demand for critical minerals like lithium and nickel.Limited focus on land use assessment and protection poses risks.The industrys reliance on raw mate

34、rials is pushing operations upstream,potentially leading to increased land use pressure due to intensified extractionactivities.While EVs are an important part of cleaner transport,their production process is often carbon-intense.Decarbonization requires cross-industry collaboration and significant

35、investment,including reducing the power grids carbon intensity.Improved water stewardship and innovation are needed for water-saving and recycling technologies during the extraction and industrial processes,given that the industrys growth will increase water use.By 2030,nature-positive transitions i

36、n China can unlock$1.9 trillion worth of annual business opportunities,accounting for close to 20%of the total global opportunities,with the automotive industry alone capturing$161 billion.These opportunities call for business actions and policy support to be realized.Chinas automotive industry,in p

37、articular,is positioned to lead this change through strategic actions and investments.The report includes five priority actions and case studies for Chinas automotive sector to contribute to a nature-positive future:avoiding andreducing impacts from operations and materials,transforming product offe

38、rings,conserving and restoring nature,and driving cross-sector collaboration.Many of these actions have already been proven to be effective within the market.Chinas automotive sector leads globally in production and exports-it should likewise lead in a sectoral nature-positive transition.Nature Posi

39、tive:Role of the Automotive Sector China Deep-dive6IntroductionGlobally(and within China specifically),society and the economy are deeply interlinked with the natural world.According to the 2022 Forum report,Seizing Business Opportunities in Chinas Transition towards a Nature-positive Economy,over h

40、alf of global gross domestic product(GDP)and 65%ofChinas total GDP is at risk due to nature loss.Tackling nature loss and achieving net-zero emissions are increasingly recognized as twin priorities globally,and nature action is gaining momentum alongside climate action.Nature-related considerations

41、are being integrated into guidance and standards setting,financial institutions strategies and the expectations of customers and employees.1 As the worlds second-largest economy and aglobal manufacturing hub,China is witnessing evolving efforts around nature across societal andeconomic sectors.This

42、report is based on analysis presented in the Nature Positive:Role of the Automotive Sector insight report.It is highly recommended to review the global report before delving into this specific analysis of Chinas automotive sector.Why Chinas economic sectors should act for nature Business and biodive

43、rsity as a priority action in Chinas National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 2023-2030 As the presidency of the 15th Conference of Parties(COP15)to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD),China is committed to leading the global implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global

44、 Biodiversity Framework.China published its updated National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan(NBSAP)in January 2024,becoming the first developing country to do so post-COP15.The updated version prioritizes business and biodiversity,encouraging businesses to assess and manage nature-related impa

45、cts and dependencies and to disclose associated risks andopportunities.2Biodiversity-related indicators in Chinas unifying sustainability reporting requirements In April 2024,Chinas three major stock markets the Shanghai Stock Exchange SSE),Shenzhen Stock Exchange(SZSE)and Beijing Stock Exchange(BSE

46、)officially released their guidelines on corporate sustainability reporting,which came into effect on 1 May 2024.These guidelines require the disclosure of material impacts on biodiversity.In May 2024,Chinas Ministry of Finance began soliciting feedback on a draft set of guidelines for unifying corp

47、orate sustainability disclosures,with the goal of establishing a nationwide standard by 2030.3These initiatives urge Chinese businesses,especially listed companies,to thoroughly assess the guidelines,rethink their business strategies and operations,and adopt a proactive approach to compliance.By set

48、ting strategies that integrate systematic consideration of natures four realms land,ocean,freshwater and atmosphere with climate strategy,businesses can champion comprehensive environmental sustainability and lead a systematic transformation.State-owned enterprises taking action for green and high-q

49、uality developmentThe 2023 white paper Chinas Green Development in the New Era4 outlines strategies for reducing pollution and promoting circularity.In June 2024,the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission(SASAC)of the State Council of China issued directive input urging state-o

50、wned enterprises(SOEs)to prioritize social responsibilities.A key component of this guidance is the enhancement of ecologically and environmentally friendly actions under the broader theme of compliance and ethical operations.5 These top-down directives are expected to bolster the sustainable develo

51、pment strategies and practices of SOEs,which contribute about one-third of Chinas total GDP6 and significantly influence economic trends.Significant business opportunities from implementing nature-positive transitionsChina is proactively pursuing an innovation-driven development strategy.7 Currently

52、,about 39%of its total GDP is derived from secondary industries(which is higher than in most other developing countries).8 Throughout the world,these sectors are generally resource-and energy-intensive,posing significant stress on nature.The impact of these sectors such Given how dependent Chinas ec

53、onomy is on nature,urgent actions from policy-makers and the private sector are needed to halt and reverse nature loss.of Chinas total GDP is at risk due to nature loss.65%Nature Positive:Role of the Automotive Sector China Deep-dive7as automotive and other manufacturing-focused industries is often

54、underestimated due to their interactions with nature being seen chiefly in their broader value chains.This may change as the global nature agenda rapidly evolves.Seize the 20%of global business opportunities from nature-positive transitions in China Nature-positive transitions present enormous oppor

55、tunities for companies in Chinas automotive industry.The World Economic Forums Seizing Business Opportunities in Chinas Transition towards a Nature-positive Economy report estimated that the nature-positive transition could unlock$1.9 trillion in annual business opportunities by 2030 in China(repres

56、enting 20%of the global total).Estimates show that undertaking the five priority actions for the automotive sector,as identified in the Nature Positive:Role of the Automotive Sector report,9 could unlock more than$160 billion of this amount in cost savings and revenue upside by 2030 in China.Managin

57、g the impacts of raw materials and operations on nature is critical,potentially contributing$157 billion in business opportunities.The transition to a circular economy represents the majority nearly$120 billion of the total opportunity(see Figure 1 and Table 1).Notably,the potential business opportu

58、nity could significantly exceed current estimates,which are limited by existing market statistics.For instance,service-oriented business model innovation had not yet emerged when the estimates were completed in 2022.Actions such as the conservation and restoration of nature and cross-sectoral collab

59、oration,outlined in Figure 1,may present comparatively smaller direct business opportunities at present.With sustainability-oriented innovations(e.g.the voluntary carbon market,in which restoring nature generates transactable carbon credits)in development,however,this is certain to change.To calcula

60、te the opportunity summarized in the waterfall in Figure 1,the following opportunities from the Future of Nature and Business report were identified as relevant(see Table 1).Further information on the calculation methodology can be found in the Appendix.Drive cross-sector collaboration on standards,

61、transparency,infrastructure and policy*Conserve and restore nature alongside Indigenous Peoples and local communities*Transform product portfolio and expand into new business modelsAvoid and reduce impactof the materialsAvoid and reduce impacts from operationsTotal1301612700123454Business opportunit

62、ies for the automotive sector in China by 2030($,billion)FIGURE 1*Additional opportunities exist not covered in this analysis due to limitations.8Nature Positive:Role of the Automotive Sector China Deep-diveNature-positive business opportunities for the automotive sector in ChinaTABLE 1Priority acti

63、on Business opportunity from Seizing Business Opportunities in Chinas Transition Towards aNature-positive Economy reportOriginal size Seizing Business Opportunities in Chinas Transition Towards aNature-positive Economy report($billion)Adjustment factor to size and share ofautomotive sector Opportuni

64、ty size for automotive sector ($billion)1 Avoid and reduce impacts from operationsWastewater reuse9Automotive sector share:6.87%0.62Expansion of renewables15710.78Energy efficiency buildings16111.06Energy efficiency non-energy intensive sectors*664.512 Avoid and reduce impact of the materialsTechnol

65、ogy in large scale farms60.41Technology in smallholder farms100.69Livestock intensification20.14Reducing packaging waste100.69Additive manufacturing191.3Technology in energy and extractives supply chains140.96End-use steel efficiency875.97Circular economy automotive122Total(excluding mining and meta

66、ls sector)share:98.30%119.893 Transform product offeringGreen long-range transport52Automotive sector share:6.87%3.57Fourth Industrial Revolution-enabled long-distance transport100.694 Conserve and restore nature with Indigenous Peoples and local communitiesNature climate solutions30.215 Drive cross

67、-sector collaboration on standards,transparency,infrastructure and policy*Additional opportunity beyond Future of Nature and Business report analysis,scaled to Chinas share of global GDP.Nature Positive:Role of the Automotive Sector China Deep-dive9The state of Chinas automotive sector today1Chinas

68、automotive sector is leading the global energy transition,propelled by supportive policies and cutting-edge technologies.Nature Positive:Role of the Automotive Sector China Deep-dive10Chinas automotive sector has grown rapidly,especially over the last few decades.In 2012,China became the largest aut

69、omotive market,and it continued to grow at an average of 15%each year until 2019.10 In 2023,China became the worlds largest automotive exporter.11As highlighted in the global report on the automotive sector,the sector depends on environmental assets and ecosystem services to function and grow across

70、 its entire value chain,creating significant risk,given the complexity of global supply chains.Accounting for around 35%of global automotive production and close to 40%of global automotive sales,Chinas automotive industry is uniquely positioned to spearhead the global transformation of the sector,mi

71、tigate nature risk and contribute to nature-positive goals.This report encompasses the entire automotive industry value chain,in alignment with the global report.The definition of the automotive sector can be referred to in Box 1(page 15)of the globalreport.End-of-life*dismantling,remanufacturingand

72、 recyclingAftersales*Maintenance,service,insuranceB2B sales*Fleet customers,leasing,and other salesUse phaseB2C sales*Retail sales and logisticsRecyclingRemanufacturingRe-useUpstreamDownstreamInorganic and organic feedstock and raw material supply including metals and minerals,chemicals and agricult

73、ural products(e.g.leather,rubber)Energy and water supplyMachinery and transport equipment supplyTier 2,3 and n suppliersManufacturing of materials and auto part componentsTier 1 suppliers Manufacturing of auto parts Midstream(direct operations)Automotive original equipment manufacturers(OEMs)Manufac

74、turing(fabrication,painting,thin-coating)and assembly of vehiclesIllustrative automotive value chainFIGURE 2*Sales and aftersales may be conducted by OEMs(midstream)or by independent retailers/service providers(downstream);end-of-life is not covered in the analysis of impacts and dependencies11Natur

75、e Positive:Role of the Automotive Sector China Deep-diveChina became the biggest car exporter in 2023FIGURE 3EVICEChina automobile export volume 10,000 units,2020-202320202023First exporter491371120(24%)2022Second exporter311243682021Third exporter198155439310071.1 The global significance of Chinas

76、automotive sectorChina plays a pivotal role in the global automotive industry.It not only drives one-fifth of global car ownership,but it is also in a leading position in the development of electric vehicles(EVs),which contributes to the reduction of air pollution and the energy transition.This rapi

77、d growth,however,has also significantly increased the demand for natural resources,heightening dependencies on nature.Therefore,promoting a nature-positive transition in Chinas automotive industry will help to build its long-term resilience.The largest automotive manufacturing hub Currently,the auto

78、motive industry in China is globally significant in terms of vehicle ownership,production,sales and export volumes.12 For example:1.With rising consumer spending and improved road infrastructure in China,the adoption of passenger and commercial vehicles has been steadily increasing.Vehicle ownership

79、 in China reached 336 million in 2023,representing nearly 20%of the global total.2.Chinas automobile production and sales have increased progressively and surpassed Japans for the first time,making China the worlds largest automotive exporter in 2023.The total number of overseas sales reached 4.91 m

80、illion,of which 24%were EVs13(up from 7%in 2020).143.China is a key production hub for car parts and components,such as interior and exterior trim,seats and wheels,for leading automotive manufacturers globally.By 2023,China had over 18,000 auto parts suppliers,far ahead of other countries.15Source:C

81、PCA;China Automotives Industry Association Vehicle ownership in China reached 336million in 2023,representing nearly 20%of the global total.Nature Positive:Role of the Automotive Sector China Deep-dive12Emerging EV players leading thecharge Chinas automotive sector has rapidly caught up with global

82、standards and is now a global leader,particularly in the production and manufacturing of EVs.China sees EV manufacturing as a strategic emerging industry and EV adoption as critical to reducing air pollution and supporting Chinas energy transition.Together with its related sectors,the EV industry ha

83、s received increased investments since the 2009 launch of key policies incentivizing automotive industry development in China.Such policies include the notice given by the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Science and Technology on issuing subsidies for energy savings and new energy vehicles.1

84、6Chinas EV market share has consistently exceeded expectations.For example,EV penetration rose from 5%in 2019 to 32%in 2023.17 By 2030,EVs are expected to make up 90%of vehicle sales.18Chinas EV market maintains rapid growthFIGURE 42030FEV sales volumeEV penetration rate201920202021202220233,2009506

85、893521371215%5%13%26%32%90%China EV sales volume and penetration 10,000 units,2019-2023Source:CPCA;Qing WangNature Positive:Role of the Automotive Sector China Deep-dive13 As the industry scales,a competitive,large-scale network of companies has emerged alongside vehicle manufacturers(including thos

86、e in battery production,materials manufacturing and recycling).Research shows that China hasestablished a leading position in the global market share,and the operating quality of power batteries and other major automotive parts industries in China are growing stronger.19 Local automotive brands have

87、 become the new market favourites,with several Chinese EVbrands now among the top 10 for retail sales in China,20 a ranking once dominated by European and American brands.The rise of Chinese EV manufacturers has disrupted automotive industry competitiveness and influenced the rising trend of automot

88、ive technology development.Rising demand for key raw materialsThe strategic prioritization of developing new energy vehicles will significantly boost the high-quality development of the industry in China till 2035.21 While China produces three-quarters of all lithium-ion batteries,the majority of ke

89、y minerals are mined in other resource-rich countries such as Australia,Chile and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.22 Chinas EV industry will still depend on the global supply of several key raw materials to thrive:The demand for key minerals for batteries continues to rise.China dominates the g

90、lobal market of processing operations for the majority of critical minerals such as lithium(55%),cobalt(65%)and nickel(35%).China is expected to account for 70%of global battery production capacity from now until 2030.23 The automotive industry is currently the third largest consumer of steel.Steel-

91、related products make up about 50-60%of a vehicles total weight.24 In 2023,the transport sector(including light-duty vehicles,trucks and buses,auto parts,etc.)alone in China consumed 82million tonnesof steel,and this may increase due to EV industry expansion.25 Aluminium alloy is currently one of th

92、e best lightweight materials with improved energy efficiency and vehicle performance,which has led to significant demand from the automotive industry.The Ministry of Industry and Information Technologys(MIITs)Energy-Saving and New Energy Vehicle Technology Roadmap 2.0 set targets for aluminium use p

93、ervehicle in China specifically,250 kilograms(kg)per vehicle by 2025 and 350 kg per vehicle by 2030.26 As the aluminium use per vehicle in China(see Table 2)remains well below these targets,the demand is estimated to grow.Given the high consumption of raw materials,which could potentially cause sign

94、ificant impacts on nature and invite risks for companies in the value chain,relying only on mineral extraction is no longer optimal.Recycled materials are gradually becoming a significant source of raw materials supply.Research found that recycling critical metals would be an effective way to avoid

95、a decrease in the supply of critical metals in China.The economic benefits could also be significant.27Chinas aluminium use per vehicle(2020)TABLE 2Energy typeAluminium use per vehicle(kg/vehicle)Passenger car138.6 Battery EV157.9 Hybrid EV198.1Source:International Aluminium Institute(IAI).(n.d.).As

96、sessment of Aluminium Usage in Chinas Automobile Industry 2016-2030.China is expected to account for 70%of global battery production capacity from now until 2030.70%Nature Positive:Role of the Automotive Sector China Deep-dive141.2 Sustainability-powered transition of Chinas automotive sectorThe EV

97、industry has powered the rapid development of Chinas automotive sector in the past few decades.The amount of domestic unit EV sales in 2022 was 17 times that of the amount of sales in 2016.Now,the domestic market is stabilizing.With EV unit sales from 2024 to 2029 potentially moderated to 2%growth,2

98、8“going global”has become a key focus for Chinas automotive industry.Policy-driven green transitionTo promote a green transition and the sustainable development of the automotive industry,the Chinese government has launched and continuously adjusted numerous industrial development policies.The focus

99、 of the EV sector in China has shifted from policy-driven to market-driven growth.Key policies include industry development planning and guidance,emissions standards,the phase-out of high-emission vehicles and improvement of energy replenishment infrastructure.Promote EV industrySince 2012,when the

100、State Council released a document designating new energy vehicles(NEVs)as the main focus for automotive industry development,numerous documents have been released to clarify industry development plans,promote industrial application and improve the ecosystem:The State Council 2012 Energy-Saving and N

101、ew Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan(2012-2020)initially designated NEVs as the main focus for the development of the automotive industry in China.The General Office of the State Council 2014 Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles aimed to accele

102、rate the adoption of NEVs and promote the transformation of the automotive industry.The General Office of the State Council 2020 New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan(2021-2035)established a market-driven industry development orientation and encouraged technological and business model innovat

103、ion.To promote NEV industries development,China began offering purchase subsidies in 2009.29 Over time,subsidy thresholds have risen multiple times,while financial subsidies for EVs officially ended in 2022.Meanwhile,the purchase tax reduction was phased out in accordance with a planned schedule.30

104、With these supporting policies being phased out,the EV industry needs to explore other engines for continued growth.Phase out high-emission vehiclesTo limit air pollutants and greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,China released the Stage 6 Limits and Measurement Methods for Emissions from light-duty The amo

105、unt of domestic unit EV sales in 2022 was 17 times that of the amount of sales in2016.15Nature Positive:Role of the Automotive Sector China Deep-diveChinas extended producer responsibility system impacts and outlookBOX 1To accelerate the advancement of green and low-carbon development,China introduc

106、ed the extended producer responsibility(EPR)system in 2016,mandating that producers assume responsibility for waste recycling.35In 2021,the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology(MIIT),the Ministry of Science and Technology,the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Commerce jointly issued

107、 the Notice on the Issuance of the Pilot Implementation Plan for the Extension of Producer Responsibility for Automotive Products,setting an expectation of 95%recyclability of vehicles by 2023.36Following the momentum in 2022,the four key ministries announced the list of pilot enterprises with EPR f

108、or automotive products,with 11 Chinese automotive companies selected to test and exemplify circularity in production and operations.37 Many of these companies set significant targets for example,Geely Auto aims to achieve 75%of resource reuse,and First Automotive Works(FAW)aims to improve to 76%by A

109、ugust of 2023.38To build sector capacity,relevant government departments have taken measures such as issuing technical guidance and creating information platforms.39 Notably,power battery enterprises emerged as a primary focal point within the EPR system.In August 2024,the MIIT issued draft industry

110、 standards on the comprehensive use of pre-used NEV batteries for public consultation,including specific requirements for recycling metals.For example,it specified that the recycling rate should be at least 98%for copper and aluminium,at least 90%for lithium during the smelting process and at least

111、98%for nickel,cobalt and manganese.40By 2030,there will be more than 26.3 million passenger vehicles41 and 708,000 tonnes of power batteries42 retired in China.Enhancing the sectors recycling capacity is critical to ensuring itssustainability and creating supplementary material supply.Enhance chargi

112、ng infrastructureEnergy replenishment infrastructure is crucial for the EV industrys development.To improve the charging infrastructure system,43 China has issued several documents since 2022(including the Implementation Opinions on Further Enhancing the Service Capability of Electric Vehicle Chargi

113、ng Infrastructure and the Guiding Opinions on Further Building a High-Quality Charging Infrastructure System)to improve the supporting environment for energy replenishment infrastructure.As a result,China witnessed rapid development,contributing almost 90%of the global growth in fast chargers in 202

114、2 and rising to the forefront of battery swapping.44 Some other key initiatives were launched with the following aims:Promote new technologies:The New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan(2021-2035)advocates for new technologies and applications,including EV integration with the power grid.The 2

115、023 Implementation Opinions on Strengthening the Interaction between New Energy Vehicles and the Power Grid aims to establish a preliminary vehicle-to-grid interaction technology standard system by 2025 and achieve large-scale application by 2030.Develop rural charging infrastructure:In 2023,the Nat

116、ional Development and Reform Commission,along with other agencies,issued the Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Charging Infrastructure to Promote New Energy Vehicles in Rural Areas and Support Rural Revitalization.This initiative focuses on deploying charging stations in ru

117、ral areas and enhancing the planning and construction of charging and battery-swapping facilities in key villages and towns,thereby expanding EV applicability and use.vehicles31 and heavy-duty vehicles32 and has fully enforced the new emissions standards across the country since July 2023.33 Any new

118、 production,import or sale of vehicles must meet these standards.To promote the phase-out of high-emission vehicles for cleaner air,China implemented“trade-in”subsidy programmes.For example,the Shanghai municipal government offers a one-time subsidy for consumers scrapping or transferring vehicles a

119、nd purchasing low emissions(Stage 6)fuel vehicles.Additionally,a subsidy is offered for those who scrap or transfer their vehicles and purchase EVs.Scrapped vehicles are then recycled for material reuse.34Build a recycling systemTo address the environmental impact of solid waste generated from end-o

120、f-life vehicles and parts,and to maximize residual value,China introduced the Pilot Implementation Plan for Extended Producer Responsibility of Automotive Products in 2021(see Box 1).This plan included pilot schemes(such as the establishment of a recycling system,comprehensive resource use and the i

121、mplementation of a green supply chain).Participants of the pilot schemes were designated in 2022.By 2030,there will be more than 26.3 million passenger vehicles and 708,000 tonnes of power batteries retired in China.Nature Positive:Role of the Automotive Sector China Deep-dive16Industry growth drive

122、n by technological development China is gradually enhancing its international competitive advantage in EVs,largely due to amature industrial supply chain,market scale andcompetition.Key technological approaches,such as improving battery energy density,are expected to lead to breakthroughs in China.T

123、he energy density of the lithium ternary battery has exceeded 300 watt-hours per kilogram(Wh/kg),subsequently increasing the cruising range.45 Solid-state batteries are also anticipated to provide more efficient energy for EVs,with leading companies advancing progress on all-solid-state batteries,46

124、 and some mass-producing semi-solid-state batteries.Chinas battery energy density development47FIGURE 5202030020254002030500China battery energy density roadmapWh/kgSource:Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the Peoples Republic of China.Improvements in battery efficiency and optimiza

125、tions in cost management are further reducing EV prices.In 2023 alone,the price of power lithium battery cells in China dropped by more than 40%.48 Alongside cost reductions,Chinas EV industry continues to advance technologically,particularly in autonomous driving,connectivity via mobile internet,el

126、ectrification and shared mobility trends(ACES trends).49While these emerging technologies can reduce price and drive market expansion,they may also increase the consumption of key materials and cause nature loss if not managed well.It is crucial for the sector to address environmental impacts and co

127、ntribute sustainability to evolving technologies from the outset.Chinese players going globalThe demand for EVs is rapidly growing overseas,prompting Chinese automakers toaccelerate their investments in key international markets.Since 2017,companies such as Build Your Dreams(BYD),Geely,NIO,SAIC Moto

128、r and Great Wall Motors have been investing in overseas manufacturing plants.Leading supply chain companies are also expanding their reach globally,such as Great Wall Motors in Thailand,50 NIO in Hungary,51 Contemporary Amperex Technology Co.,Limited(CATL)in Germany52 and BYD in Brazil.53Chinese com

129、panies going global also face challenges,such as managing environmental impacts under overseas regulations.Regional legislation such as the Inflation Reduction Act(IRA),the European Critical Raw Materials Act,the EU Battery Regulation and the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism(CBAM)supports green in

130、dustries locally but also imposes restrictions on foreign players and imported materials or goods,including automobiles or parts manufactured in China.This may encourage more Chinese automakers to establish operations in the region rather than relying on exports.In 2023 alone,the price of power lith

131、ium battery cells in China dropped by more than 40%.Nature Positive:Role of the Automotive Sector China Deep-dive17The Chinese automotive industrys impact and dependency on nature2Chinas dynamic automotive sector relies on natural resources;without transitioning action,increasing nature-related risk

132、s could threaten its growth.Nature Positive:Role of the Automotive Sector China Deep-dive18As comprehensively analysed in the global report,the automotive sector and its value chain heavily depend on a number of environmental assets and ecosystem services,including:Freshwater supply and rainfall reg

133、ulation Cultivated biological resources Climate regulation,soil and sediment retention Flood protection Metal,mineral and energy resourcesFor instance,freshwater is essential for cooling and cleaning processes.High-impact commodities such as metals,rubber,leather,pulp and paper for packaging,and ene

134、rgy represent critical demands of this sector,while their production can significantly impact land.54 Therefore,nature loss caused by impact drivers like water use and land-use change greatly affects the industrys production and business stability.Aligned with the global report and based on ENCOREs

135、sector-specific impacts and Science Based Targets Network(SBTNs)sectoral materiality tools,this report covers the automotive sectors impact on nature across its entire value chain,as illustrated in Table 3.Company-specific impacts and dependencies vary by business model and position within the value

136、 chain.For a detailed overview of the assessment process,please refer to Box 2 and the global report,particularly Box 2 and Figure 9.TABLE 3By analysing the key upstream raw materials of the automotive industry,Chinas industrial activity and the automotive sectors impacts on nature,this report has i

137、dentified the following findings,with amore detailed analysis:Finding 1:A dynamic automotive industry requires more from nature.The rapid expansion of the automotive industry and international trade has significantly increased activity in Chinas automotive sector,heightening its impact and dependenc

138、y on environmental assets and ecosystem services.The substantial demand for critical minerals like lithium and nickel for batteries has further intensified upstream mining activities.Finding 2:Limited focus on land-use-related materiality assessment and protection poses risks.From publicly available

139、 information,there has been minimal assessment of land-use change and ecosystem disturbance among Chinese automotive industry players.The industrys dependence on raw materials,including essential minerals,is pushing automakers and other market participants to extend their operations from midstream a

140、nd downstream to upstream.Their experience,however,is mainly in production management,with relatively limited experience in evaluation and governance methods across the value chain.This could potentially lead to further land use pressure and respective risks from limited assessment and action to add

141、ress this impact on nature.Top four drivers of nature loss in the value chain of the automotive sectorUpstreamMidstream (direct operations)DownstreamPollutionWater useLand-use change and ecosystem disturbanceGHG emissionsPressure materiality rating(ENCORE):High Medium*Manually adjusted based on expe

142、rt feedback.Note:See methodology in the Appendix.While GHG emissions are one of the highest materiality drivers of nature loss for the automotive sector,this is included last in this document given the automotive sectors net-zero transition has been covered extensively elsewhere.Nature Positive:Role

143、 of the Automotive Sector China Deep-dive19Finding 3:Decarbonization of EVs requirescollaboration.While the EV sector promotes less carbon-intensive,cleaner transport in China,the increase in EV production also leads to higher emissions during manufacturing,which should not be overlooked.Achieving d

144、ecarbonization goals for automotive raw materials will necessitate cross-industry collaboration and significant capital investment(which should be prioritized).Additionally,the carbon intensity of the power grid greatly influences the overall GHG emissions throughout the vehicles life cycle.Finding

145、4:Improved water stewardship andinnovation are neededThe growth of the automotive industry will continue to increase industrial water use.It is crucial to consistently promote the adoption of water-saving and water-recycling technologies,especially in processes like cooling and cleaning during power

146、 generation and chemical cracking.This is particularly important for existing manufacturing operations in northern and western China,where projected water stress is much higher,making redistribution and north-to-south migration conceivable.552.1 Level of industrial activity in ChinaIn China,industri

147、al activities are concentrated in midstream and downstream segments such as components production,vehicle manufacturing andcar sales and use(see Table 4).With the growing demand for EVs,sourcing key upstream raw materials has become essential for supply chain integration and cost and risk management

148、.Evaluation based on the comprehensive activity level of raw material industries.TABLE 4Notes:The upstream,midstream and downstream data is accounted for by Chinas raw material production,intermediate product production and end consumption,and,in the case of steel,iron ore production,crude steel pro

149、duction and steel consumption.Activity level:The percentage of global production and consumption of a material that occurs in China higher proportions indicate greater industrial activity in Chinas material industry chain;Upstream activity:The percentage of a materials main components produced in Ch

150、ina for example,China mines 10.3%of the worlds iron ore for steel production;Midstream activity:The percentage of the material produced in China for example,China accounts for 73.8%of global battery production;Downstream activity:The percentage of the material consumed in China for example,China con

151、sumes over 56%of the worlds tyres.Source:The National Bureau of Statistics of China;International Aluminium Institute(IAI);World Steel;EVtank;Energy Institute;China Association of Automobile Manufacturers.Material archetypesMaterial nameActivity levelGlobal share consumed by Chinas automotive indust

152、ryChinas share of global activity in each value chain segmentUpstreamMidstreamDownstreamIron and steelSteel materialHigh12%10.3%53.9%50.8%AluminiumAluminium materialHigh10%23.3%58.8%57.5%Power batteryLithium,nickelVery high92%18.3%4.4%73.8%59.4%TyresRubberHigh70%6.1%54.0%56.0%InteriorPlastics,leathe

153、r,textiles,etc.MidNotes56/43.0%31.0%With the growing demand for EVs,sourcing key upstream raw materials has become essential for supply chain integration and cost and risk management.Nature Positive:Role of the Automotive Sector China Deep-dive20The upstream automotive value chain,involving raw mate

154、rial extraction and production,significantly impacts nature.This report focuses on high-impact commodities identified by SBTN,including critical minerals for batteries(lithium,cobalt,nickel)steel,aluminium,rubber,leather and plastics.Industries related to these key materials are highly active in Chi

155、na,with over half of global midstream and downstream activities(production and consumption)occurring in China.Upstream activities are less active,however,with only 23%of total bauxite mining and lower than 20%of mining for other materials occurring in China,indicating a high dependence on imports.No

156、tably,the demand for battery materials like lithium and nickel,largely for the automotive sector,has increased overseas mining activities.Investments and operational activities in mining these critical minerals and cultivating rubber for tyres should be based on comprehensive assessments on nature.2

157、.2 Identify opportunity to address impact on natureAs discussed in the global report,the automotive sector causes impacts on nature through four impact drivers:water use,land-use change andecosystem disturbance,pollution and GHG emissions.These impact drivers are not new to China.The Chinese governm

158、ent has implemented relatively strict regulations addressing environmental issues.From 2013 to 2016,the Chinese government issued action plans for prevention and control of air pollution,water pollution and soil pollution.After issuing the“1+N”policy framework in 2023,which aimed to achieve the goal

159、 of peaking GHG emissions before 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality before 2060,57 key industrial sectors,such as energy and transport,have undertaken numerous measures to reduce GHG emissions.Recent studies underscore notable progress in Chinas endeavour to mitigate GHG emissions,reduce air pollu

160、tants and conserve water resources.58Reversing nature loss will require a greater degree of collective effort,however.This section analyses economy-wide goals and progress observed in publicly available information and identifies opportunities for the automotive sector in China to support national a

161、nd global goals on nature.Water use China faces severe challenges around water.Globally,the issue is often overlooked.The 2022 Baker Institute for Public Policy report How Chinas Water Challenges Could Lead to a Global Food and Supply Chain Crisis states that Chinas economy consumes 14 million barre

162、ls of crude oil per day,while its daily average water consumption is equivalent to 10 billion barrels on average,a quantity 700 times larger.59The water use pressure of Chinas automotive sector is most significant in the upstream extraction of raw materials.For example,the steel industry,a major mat

163、erial supplier,accounts for approximately 9%of Chinas total industrial water consumption.60 Nature Positive:Role of the Automotive Sector China Deep-dive21China is a leading producer and consumer in the global automotive market,and a high percentage of its key materials are produced and consumed in-

164、country.Given the significant capacity of parts and vehicle manufacturing,water consumption in production requires more attention from industryplayers.China has established standards for water consumption,reuse rates and emissions in raw materials production(such as steel and nonferrous metals).61 C

165、urrently,regulators aim to reduce water use per unit of economic output by 16%by 2025 compared to 2020 levels,with an additional target of achieving a national industrial water reuse rate of around 94%for industrial enterprises above adesignated size.62 Driven by these economy-wide goals,sectors inv

166、olved in materials,parts and vehicle manufacturing are making progress.For example,the China Iron and Steel Association reported that from January to August 2024,its key member companies water withdrawals decreased by 3.34%compared with the same period last year,and their reuse rate reached 98.30%.W

167、ater consumption still increased by 1.69%,indicating higher water use from recycling.Chinas automakers have begun disclosing more specific details about their water use in recent years.For example,Li Auto stated that its water consumption per vehicle is 2.9 cubic metres(m3)and that its water reuse r

168、eached 98.8%in 2023.63 Meanwhile,other brands have implemented initiatives to reduce water consumption.Land-use change and ecosystem disturbanceChinas updated NBSAP highlights significant land-use-related challenges “intensified land-use changes have reduced natural ecological space,while overuse an

169、d uncontrolled exploitation of biological resources harm biodiversity”.64Upstream activities in the automotive sector place significant pressure on land both in China and overseas.Increased automotive production drives higher demand for raw materials like metals,rubber and leather,leading to mining

170、or farming activities that impact land and surrounding ecosystems.In the midstream,land used for automotive production sites is typically industrial land in China.From 2007 to 2018,the amount of land supply used for industrial purposes increased by 26%,much higher than for residential or commercial

171、land.65 Given this trend,the developing automotive sector in China,along with other industrial land occupiers,should improve responsible land use and ensure responsible treatment of ecosystems surrounding sites.While supporting the rapid growth of EVs in China,charging infrastructure may cause dispu

172、tes over city green space and suburban ecosystems.By the end of 2022,China owned more than half of the global stock of public slow chargers,and 90%of the growth in the global fast charger sector also came from China.66 Given this rapid development,its crucial to conduct evaluations of the sectors im

173、pacts on land and ecosystems throughout the life cycle especially before implementation to support climate and nature conservation goals in China.China has been developing the Green Mine Construction initiative since 2017 to encourage sustainable mining practices.As a result,over 1,000 national-leve

174、l green mines were built by April 2024.Since 2024,there has been a comprehensive country-wide push to promote green mining practices and ensure that 90%of large-and 80%of medium-sized mines meet the requirements of Green Mine Construction by 2028.In the meantime,China is also widening the scope of r

175、elevant standards to encompass smaller mines.Production and manufacturing have also been approached in a similar way,with initiatives such as Green Factories setting standards for compact land use,reuse of waste,reduction of GHG emission and so on.In August 2023,the Ministry of Natural Resources of

176、China announced that terrestrial ecological conservation red lines cover over 30%of the countrys land area.67 How the remaining 70%of land is used will significantly influence the economic transition towards nature positive.Currently,the primary focus in the automotive industry remains on resource e

177、fficiency and energy consumption,with insufficient attention given to land-use-relatedassessments.PollutionGiven its large scale,Chinas automotive industry produces huge quantities of solid,liquid and gaseous waste.While motor vehicles are major contributors to air pollution in China,68 the sectors

178、upstream and direct operations also impact land,freshwater and oceans.69 End-of-life vehicles are a major source of solid waste in the sector,generating scrap metals,plastics and rubber that can be reused.With particularly high activity levels in China(see Table4),end-of-life batteries can cause sol

179、id waste challenges and potential pollution when treated improperly.In 2023,there were 580,000 tons of end-of-life batteries in China a 140%increase from 2022.70China has issued several regulations to manage waste including the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law,the Guidelines for Feasible Tec

180、hnologies for Pollution Prevention in the Automotive Industry and the Battery Industry From 2007 to 2018,the amount of land supply used for industrial purposes increased by 26%,much higher than for residential or commercial land.Nature Positive:Role of the Automotive Sector China Deep-dive22Pollutan

181、t Discharge Standards and has promoted the conversion of waste into resources.For midstream automotive production,China has set the discharge standard of water pollutants for motor vehicle maintenance and repair.71Much progress has been made in accordance with these guidelines,with many sector playe

182、rs addressing pollution from operations to meet relevant compliance requirements in China.Theres room for further enhancement in resource efficiency,however.For example:In total,22%of raw materials used for steel production in China come from scrap steel,and the comprehensive use rate of steel slag

183、is less than 30%,both of which are below the global average.72,73 In 2021,Chinas output of recycled aluminium accounted for only 16%of total aluminium production,74 falling short of the global average(about 33%).75 The recycling of power batteries primarily relies on authorized companies on the Whit

184、elist for Power Battery Recycling.More detailed guidelines or regulatory documents are expected to support scaling circular practices and reducing solid waste from end-of-life powerbatteries.GHG emissions GHG emissions from the automotive industry primarily come from midstream and downstream activit

185、ies.From a full-life-cycle perspective,improving vehicle fuel efficiency and standards can help reduce short-term carbon emission pressures,but the long-term solution lies in transitioning to alternative power sources.In China,the life cycle emissions of BEVs were projected to be 37%to 45%lower than

186、 those from comparable gasoline vehicles in 2021 and 48%to 64%lower by 2030.76Chinas fuel economy gap significantly impacts the sectors GHG emissions.In 2023,fuel vehiclesaccounted for 96%of Chinas GHG emissions,with an average fuel consumption of 6.26 litres per 100 kilometres(km),compared to the g

187、lobal average of 5 litres per 100 km for passenger cars.77 To address this,China has set a target to reduce the average fuel consumption of new passenger cars to 4 litres per 100km by 2025.78 Additionally,China has introduced the Stage 6 emission standards to push automakers to improve fuel efficien

188、cy.For raw materials such as aluminium,China is pursuing industrial transformation in line with its dual-carbon goals.This includes gradually shifting electrolytic aluminium production capacity from thermal power regions to hydropower regions.Some challenges hinder further emission reductions,howeve

189、r:Energy sources:The carbon footprint of primary aluminium produced in coal-powered regions is about five times that in hydropower-based regions.79 Currently,about 13%of the aluminium industry in China uses clean energy.To meet the 2030 carbon-peaking target,the aluminium industry would need a 45%cl

190、ean energy use rate.80 Transitioning to cleaner energy has huge potential.Lack of aluminium scrap:Chinas recycled aluminium industry faces challenges such as a lack of aluminium scrap supply and high importdependence.81 China emphasizes industrial transformation and promotes recycling and reuse to r

191、educe GHG impacts in several documents like the Carbon Peaking Implementation Plan for the Non-Ferrous Metal Industry82 and the Recyclable and Renewable Design Guidelines for Plastic Products.83 In 2024,China started exploring including the electrolytic aluminium industry in the coverage of the nati

192、onal carbon emissions trading market,84 which may help accelerate action from related industries.While there is still a significant gap in the fuel economy within Chinas automotive industry,issues related to energy structure,production capacity structure and recycling indicate room foroptimization i

193、n the life cycle emissions of key rawmaterials.Currently,about 13%of the aluminium industry in China uses clean energy.To meet the 2030 carbon-peaking target,the aluminium industry would need a 45%clean energy use rate.Nature Positive:Role of the Automotive Sector China Deep-dive23Five priority acti

194、ons3With five priority actions,the sector can unlock$160 billion in annual business opportunities in China by 2030.Nature Positive:Role of the Automotive Sector China Deep-dive24Automotive companies can contribute to a nature-positive future by prioritizing actions to:1)avoid and reduce impacts from

195、 operations,2)avoid and reduce impacts from materials,3)transform product offerings,4)conserve and restore nature,and 5)drive cross-sector collaboration.Given how much of the sectors impacts are upstream and downstream,these priority actions require companies to actively engage with suppliers,retail

196、ers,customers,consumers and industry peers to transform their value chains.While some of these actions are already being employed or gradually rolled out by Chinese businesses,thisreport calls for accelerated efforts in Chinas automotive sector.Five priority actions for the automotive sector23415Avo

197、id and reduce impacts from operationsAvoid and reduce impacts from materialsTransform product offeringConserve and restore nature with Indigenous Peoples and local communities Drive cross-sector collaboration on standards,transparency,infrastructureand policyFive priority actions for the automotive

198、sectorFIGURE 6Taking these five priority actions across operations and the wider value chain will help companies in the sector avoid or reduce the four drivers of biodiversity loss(pollution,water use,land-use change,ecosystem disturbance and GHG emissions)across the four nature realms(land,ocean,fr

199、eshwater and atmosphere),mitigate risks to operations and unlock commercial opportunities.These actions will also contribute to the targets of the Global Biodiversity Framework,which aims to halt and reverse biodiversity loss by 2030(see Table5).Nature Positive:Role of the Automotive Sector China De

200、ep-dive25Mapping of five priority actions to GBF frameworkTABLE 5Selected targets from Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework(non-exhaustive)2 Restore degraded ecosystems3 Protect/conserve land,inland water and ocean7 Reduce pollution8 Minimize impact of climate change10 Sustainable manageme

201、nt of agriculture,aquaculture and forestry11 Restore natures contributions to people15 Businesses assess,disclose and reduce risks and impacts16 Enable sustainable consumption choices18 Reduce harmful and scale up positive incentives for biodiversity19 Mobilize$200 billion per year in financial reso

202、urces for biodiversity Indirect contribution Direct contribution1 Avoid and reduce impacts from operations2 Avoid and reduce impacts from materials3 Transform product offering4 Conserve and restore nature withIndigenous Peoples and local communities4 Drive cross-sector collaboration on standards and

203、 transparency,infrastructure and policyFor each action,companies should also set measurable and time-bound targets and report against the progress regularly to increase their accountability(seeChapter 4 in the global report formore details).Companies should follow the mitigation hierarchy at site-le

204、vel,in a landscape context,taking into consideration direct,indirect and cumulative impacts.They should first avoid impacts,then reduce impacts,restore,and finally,compensate85 for unavoidable residual impacts.86,87,88,89,90 Mitigation efforts should align with a“no net loss”or“biodiversity net gain

205、”goal for each project.91 In recent years,leading Chinese automakers have taken actions in energy,water and waste management to mitigate impacts on nature from their operations.Meanwhile,government authorities have introduced various standards and technical documents to promote sustainable practices

206、,such as pollution reduction in the automotive industry.92To implement more comprehensive measures to avoid and reduce impacts from operations,Chinas automotive industry can improve its capacity of conducting comprehensive assessments on nature and establish robust systems to optimize energy and wat

207、er resource management.Conduct comprehensive biodiversity assessments and establish robust managementGuided by domestic and international policies,leading Chinese automakers have already developed capabilities to track and manage standardized carbon-related data.Their ability to track and manage imp

208、acts on nature remains lacking,however.Efforts should be made to raise awareness and refine management approaches.To more effectively measure and track impacts on nature,its recommended here that automakers establish a complete biodiversity assessment and management system.By referring to guiding do

209、cuments such as the China National Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan(2023-2030)and the Law of the Peoples Republic of China on Environmental Impact Assessment and drawing on assessment guidelines from international initiatives like the SBTN and frameworks proposed by the Taskforce o

210、n Nature-related Financial Disclosures(TNFD),93 automakers can assess and disclose impacts of their operations.While the majority of companies leading on nature assessments and disclosure are based in Europe(approximately 35%of TNFD adopters as of June 2024)and Japan(approximately 30%,versus 1.2%for

211、 China94),progress is being made.For example,to support the improvement of nature governance with qualitative data,Lotus Technology carried out a pilot project of natural capital accounting on aluminium in China,following the Natural Capital Protocol.95 X Peng has also publicly stated it has engaged

212、 a qualified agency to conduct ecological impact assessments,including on biodiversity and habitats,to identify impacts and risks and formulate measures to address them.96Guidance and tools to improve biodiversity assessment and prioritizationBOX 2Various standards and guidelines exist to support co

213、mpanies.For example,the following resources outline the approach companies should take for biodiversity assessment and prioritization:TNFDs LEAP(locate,evaluate,assess and prepare)approach97 SBTNs technical guidance to assess98 andprioritize99The following tools and datasets are also available to su

214、pport a more detailed assessment:World Wide Fund for Natures(WWF)Biodiversity Risk Filter100 The Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool(IBAT)101 UN Biodiversity Lab spatial data102 International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN)Global Ecosystem Typology 2.0103 Global Forest Watch104 While the

215、majority of companies leading on nature assessments and disclosure are based in Europe and Japan,progress is being made.3.1 Avoid and reduce impacts from operationsPriority action 127Nature Positive:Role of the Automotive Sector China Deep-diveHarness multiple approaches to reduce emissions from ope

216、rationsBOX 3Li Auto implemented several initiatives to reduce GHG emissions in its operations,including:1.Expanding the use of renewable energy andincreasing the proportion of clean energy2.Applying an intelligent energy management system to regulate and adjust the energysystem 3.Optimizing manufact

217、uring processes with mechanical connection technology and adopting self-piercing riveting and rotary swaging to reduce welding energy consumption4.Harnessing heat regenerators to recover waste heat from air compressors and equipping boilers with additional condensing heat exchangers at flue gas outl

218、ets to absorb heatenergy105 These activities contributed significantly to its ESG performance in 2023,it achieved a Morgan Stanley Capital International(MSCI)rating of AAA.Focus on energy management to reduce GHG emissions from operations Compared to global automakers,the Chinese automotive sector i

219、s still catching up on operational decarbonization.To advance GHG emission reduction in manufacturing and operations,automakers should focus on adopting energy efficiency measures and low-carbon energy sources.By optimizing the use of electricity and adopting energy-efficient equipment and smart gri

220、d technologies,electricity consumption can be substantially reduced.Heat waste can also be reduced by waste heat recovery,heat pump technology and improved heat energy useefficiency.Other possible energy solutions include introducing and expanding alternative energy sources such as solar and wind,an

221、d optimizing production processes to both reduce unnecessary consumption of electrical and thermal energy and improve overall production efficiency.See section 3.1 of the global report for additional detail on decarbonization levers and global examples.A growing number of Chinese automakers have beg

222、un investing in the development and application of alternative energy sources.Additionally,they continue to focus on improving energy efficiency,for instance by introducing energy-efficient lighting and air conditioning equipment and optimizing manufacturing processes to reduce energy consumption.Th

223、ese initiatives not only facilitate the reduction of GHG emissions in manufacturing but also provide additional benefits in many instances,such as cost-saving advantages.Nature Positive:Role of the Automotive Sector China Deep-dive28Reduce freshwater consumption and improve water stewardshipIts cruc

224、ial to consistently reduce water consumption and progressively optimize water management,especially in the use of non-freshwater resources and water recycling.Reduce freshwater consumption,replace freshwater with alternative water sources where possible(for example,by recycling rainwater for product

225、ion equipment cooling),replenish cooling towers(by collecting rainwater or disposing of municipal waste),or invest in upgrades or replacements for water-using equipment to maximize efficiency.In BMWs Shenyang plant,water consumption was reduced to 1.72 m3 per unit106 in 2023,with 40%deduction from 2

226、019.Recover and recycle water in operations.Thiscan be done,for example,by introducing closed-loop recycling systems or upgrading water treatment facilities,and further disposing of industrial wastewater to meet the irrigation needs of plant landscapes,thus maximizing recovery and recycling of water

227、 resources.In addition to reducing impacts from operations,its also essential to avoid and reduce impacts on nature from raw material extraction and processing.Such actions can maximize potential benefits and extend the influence of automakers throughout the supply chain,enhancing resilience and pro

228、moting systematic shifts in the automotive industry and the upstream material sectors.Promote life cycle assessment ofimpacts on natureAssessing nature-related impacts,dependencies,risks and opportunities throughout the supply chain can improve overall product transparency and traceability and drive

229、 industry-wide action.Tothat end,crucial steps the sector can take include continuously collaborating with and educating suppliers,as well as aligning environmental data frameworks,standards and metrics.Ideally,the Chinese automotive sector would carry out these actions in partnership with the globa

230、l automotive sector in order to drive convergence and enable the sharing of best practices across borders.Major automotive players,who have more influencing power than downstream companies,can incorporate nature-related assessment factors into procurement standards and supplier evaluation systems to

231、 promote a wider array of nature-positive actions.For example,they can encourage practices such as using natural leather alternatives or sustainably harvested wood.Supplier sustainability assessment tool for value chain transparency and collaborationBOX 4Contemporary Amperex Technology Co.,Limited(C

232、ATL)is a global leader in innovative energy technologies headquartered in China,committed to providing solutions and services for new energy applications worldwide.In 2022,CATL launched a partnership programme named CREDIT(carbon footprint,recycling,energy,due diligence,innovation and transparency),

233、which focused on sustainable lithium-ion battery supply chains.To support the global effort to achieve net zero and realize nature-positive outcomes,CATL started to explore nature-related dimensions that extend beyond the existing 114 evaluation indicators in the past two years.The CREDIT tool offer

234、s on-site assessment and analysis of players sustainability practices along the supply chain,with independent modules specific to environmental impact factors,including water use,GHG emissions,land use and biodiversity.The assessment of suppliers covers waste treatment,monitoring,recycling,soil,fres

235、hwater system protection and other areas.It requires suppliers to first become educated on and then proactively address impacts on nature.For any non-conformances identified,CATL has a comprehensive tracking system and facilitates partners in developing corrective action plans.Additionally,CREDIT se

236、ts ambitious requirements for suppliers around GHG emissions supported by measures such as professional empowerment and on-site emissions data collection to uphold its commitment to achieving carbon neutrality across the battery supply chain by 2035.107CATL plans to make this programme an open toolk

237、it for partners by 2026.It also intends to share insights based on accumulated auditing results and construct supply chain risk maps,ultimately contributing to the sustainable development of the industrial system.108 Major automotive players can incorporate nature-related assessment factors into pro

238、curement standards and supplier evaluation systems to promote a wider array of nature-positive actions.3.2 Avoid and reduce impacts from materialsPriority action 2Nature Positive:Role of the Automotive Sector China Deep-dive29Expand circularity and innovate to avoid and reduce material waste across

239、the value chainEnd-of-life vehicles can generate a large amount of solid waste,such as car frames,obsolete parts and tyres.With the rapid growth of EV production in China,a large number of automotive products will reach their end-of-life in the near future.In 2023,the volume of end-of-life batteries

240、 in China exceeded 580,000 tons.109 Proper handling and recycling of vehicle and battery materials can improve resource use efficiency and bring economic benefits.Automakers can enhance resource efficiency and improve recyclability through multiple approaches,for example:Product and process innovati

241、on:Adopt practices such as integrated die-casting and automated manufacturing to improve resource efficiency.Collaborate with upstream and downstream partners to design and use recyclable materials.Invest in reuse,remanufacturing and large-scale recycling:Optimize the recovery rate and quality of un

242、avoidable production waste and improve the efficiency of end-of-life management to achieve high-value recycling.Stringent waste management rules:Optimize manufacturing processes to minimize waste generation during manufacturing,strictly control unavoidable waste with authorized suppliers,especially

243、hazardous waste,and transfer waste to recycling facilities promptly to avoid additionalpollution.Partnership for non-downgrading circular use of aluminiumBOX 5Currently,about 80%of aluminium can be recycled in China.110 More than 90%of recyclable aluminium is used in a downgraded way,however.111 Imp

244、roving the quality of recycled aluminium while simultaneously creating opportunities for innovation and new business ventures is one of the major challenges facing the industry in China.To enhance the efficiency and automation of scrap metal recycling and produce high-quality recycled aluminium,Chin

245、a Hongqiao Group partnered with Scholz,an automobile dismantling and metal recycling enterprise in Germany.This joint project harnesses Scholzs advanced scrap automobile dismantling capabilities and recycled-aluminium production technologies,ensuring that recycled aluminium can be used without degra

246、dation.Meanwhile,it integrates end-of-life motor vehicle recycling and dismantling,aluminium recycling and power battery recycling,with the aim of feeding the materials back into manufacturing in aclosedloop.This initiative helps to reduce the demand for primary aluminium and cut costs,and integrate

247、s dozens of companies in the upstream and downstream industrial chain of end-of-life motor vehicles,power battery recycling and aluminium scrap recycling.112 Upon completion,the joint project is estimated to have an annual production capacity of 500,000 tons of recycled aluminium,with a 95%reduction

248、 of energy consumption and 85%reduction of carbon emission per ton compared with non-recycled aluminium.113 Its additionally expected to have an annual recycling and dismantling capacity of 100,000 scrap motor vehicles and an output value of more than CNY 10billion(Chinese yuan)(approximately$1.4 bi

249、llion).114Nature Positive:Role of the Automotive Sector China Deep-dive30Despite efforts being made to improve efficiency and material substitution,the growth of the automotive sector has driven increasing natural resource consumption and waste.Leading players in China are proactively exploring new

250、business models to find alternative avenues to growth and boost service-related revenue.As Chinas automotive industry moves into a stable phase of development,a variety of new business models are facilitating decreases in natural resource use by generating value from service.For example:1.Mobility a

251、s a service(MaaS):This encompasses on-demand car use e.g.car sharing,peer-to-peer(P2P)sharing,and micro-mobility and on-demand mobility services(e.g.ride-hailing,ridesharing,and demand-responsive transport/ridesharing).MaaS improves the accessibility of public transport and the efficiency of vehicle

252、 use.Many companies have launched driverless ride-hailing service and pilots in major cities across China.2.Battery as a service:Battery swap services offered by manufacturers such as NIO reduce the need to deploy large numbers of charging piles and improve the efficiency of power grids.The presence

253、 of battery monitoring in the swapping process enables more effective identification and decommissioning of used batteries and promotes used battery recycling.3.Subscription service:In recent years,many companies e.g.NIO115 and Zeekr116 have launched subscription car services to provide flexible opt

254、ions and meet different needs.Manufacturing and operations that have already occurred inevitably impact nature.Automakers should prioritize environmental protection and ecosystem restoration at the site of operations,incorporate potential impacts on nature into the assessment system and take measure

255、s to conserve and restore nature with Indigenous Peoples and local communities through the entire value chain.Automakers should cooperate with local governments,protected area management committees,non-profit organizations and other key local stakeholders to proactively protect,restore and invest in

256、 landscapes and watersheds in the vicinity of their operations and beyond.Before launching manufacturing activities,impact on nature should be incorporated into site selection processes.Where negative impacts have already occurred,restoration work should be undertaken to offset harm and reduce depen

257、dencies on nature.Geely Auto has stated that,in its Guiyang base,considerations around water,energy,land,forestand biodiversity are being integrated into plant design,production processes and operationalmanagement.117 A variety of new business models are facilitating decreases in natural resource us

258、e by generating value from service.Protection and restoration practices 3.3 Transform product offeringPriority action 33.4 Conserve and restore nature withIndigenous Peoples and local communitiesPriority action 431Nature Positive:Role of the Automotive Sector China Deep-diveAutomaker supports mangro

259、ve restoration in ChinaBOX 6Leizhou Bay in Zhanjiang,Guangdong Province,is the most important wintering habitat in China for the spoon-billed sandpiper,one of the worlds most endangered species.Based on the Ramsar Sites Criteria,Leizhou Bay is a wetland of international importance,as it regularly su

260、pports 1%of spoon-billed sandpipers.Surveys and daily monitoring results also show that an average of nearly 70 species and about 95,000 birds roost and winter in this wetland every year.118In 2023,GAC Honda and the Society of Entrepreneurs and Ecology(SEE)Foundation officially launched the Mangrove

261、 Ecological Conservation Project,the first phase of which extends over five years(from 2023 to 2027).The project advances the synergized aims of driving both ecological value and social and economic value through actions such as mangrove restoration,blue carbon project development,community protecti

262、on and species protection in Wenchang,Hainan and Zhanjiang,Guangdong Province.119 Among them,Zhanjiang Mangrove Forest is the nature reserve with the largest area and the most concentrated distribution of mangrove forests in China,and Wenchang Mangrove Forest in Hainan is the area with the most mang

263、rove species in China.A variety of international standards were considered in the design stage,such as the Sustainable Blue Economy Finance Principles(for developing the blue carbon sink project),and the IUCN Global Standard for Nature-based Solutions(for implementing nature-based solutions and enga

264、ging local communities).By October 2024,the project planted 10 hectares(ha)or 150 mu of restored mangroves and cleared about 17 ha(250 mu)of invasive alien species.Its estimated that the project will help to prevent 15,400 tonnes of CO2 from being emitted in 40 years(on average,385 tonnes per year)a

265、nd support blue carbon sink projects that can be traded in carbon markets to generate funds tocontinue these efforts.120Invest in innovative biodiversity financing mechanisms In addition to taking action to protect and restore natural ecosystems,automakers can proactively explore potential ecologica

266、l compensation mechanisms in partnership with financial institutions,e.g.green or blue bonds,voluntary biodiversity certificates or credit markets and nature restoration funds.This would allow them to identify appropriate financial solutions for projects involving circularity and decarbonization tec

267、hnologies,among others.Geely Auto released its Sustainable Financial Framework.In 2022,the eligibility assessment categories included Sustainable Water and Wastewater Management,Waste Management and Circular Economy,and Pollution Prevention and Control.121 Protection-and restoration-related practice

268、s,however,are still widely seen by sector players ascorporateresponsibilities.Automakers can collaborate across the broader sector to proactively support vehicle infrastructure construction,data standardization,policy implementation and other actions.In particular,Chinese automakers should promote a

269、lignment with global standards and metrics on nature.In order to support the decarbonization of the automotive sector in China,companies can assist in the expansion of low-carbon,grid-connected infrastructure,including via the improvement of smart charging networks and the promotion of vehicle-to-gr

270、id(V2G)technology.Its crucial that companies continuously improve the construction of charging infrastructure to enable electrification,expand the scale of grid-connected infrastructure and introduce technologies(e.g.V2G)to improve grid efficiency and reliability.In recent years,automakers such as N

271、IO122 have introduced bi-directional V2G charging piles,which allow the car battery to enter the grid and improving the efficiency and reliability of the grid.Chinese automakers can engage with the Chinese government to develop supportive policies,e.g.to enable data sharing or more effective end-of-

272、life management of vehicles,promote full-chain data standards and transparency in the automotive industry.They can additionally incentivize road testing of new technologies to advance new business models(potentially helping reduce production and save natural resources),further define the rights and

273、responsibilities for recycling of end-of-life vehicles/components and support the establishment of an improved carbon/green certificate trading system and platform.Chinese automakers should promote alignment with global standards and metrics on nature.3.5 Drive cross-sector collaboration on standard

274、s,transparency,infrastructure and policyPriority action 5Nature Positive:Role of the Automotive Sector China Deep-dive32ConclusionThe Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework is driving a global movement towards social and economic reform and the rehabilitation ofnature.Following the 2023 upda

275、te to the Chinese NBSAP,which set ambitious targets through 2030,regulations within China are tightening to ensure more eco-friendly practices.As China undergoes strategic shifts towards high-quality development,underpinned by technological advancements and sustainable development,the transforming a

276、utomotive sector is poised to integrate innovations with nature-positive action.Chinas automotive sector has laid a foundation for carbon neutrality,which should be built upon to transition towards a nature-positive future.Despite significant progress in electric vehicles,power batteries and chargin

277、g infrastructure,the industry still faces substantial challenges regarding pollution,water-and land-use change throughout its value chain.Among the much needed actions,particular attention and effort should be paid to land use and biodiversity assessments,as well as the circularity ofmaterials.To cr

278、eate global impact beyond proving green technologies,Chinese automakers must recognize that integrating nature-related assessments and strategies into climate-related developments can enhance sustainability while creating value for business.Achieving this goal would help to mitigaterisks,reduce cost

279、s and generate new business opportunities.Nature Positive:Role of the Automotive Sector China Deep-dive33AppendixImpacts and dependencies analysisThe sector-average assessment of the top drivers of nature loss shown in Table 3 is mostly based on ENCORE,123 and follows a four-step process.First,the r

280、elevant sub-industries were identified at an ISIC class level124 for each stage of the value chain.After initially shortlisting the ISIC classes for the midstream section of the value chain(direct operations),the ENCORE upstream and downstream“links”were used to map each midstream ISIC class to rele

281、vant upstream and downstream ones.A manual review was also conducted to identify any other relevant categories,resulting in a total of 59 ISIC classes mapped to the value chain stages for the automotive sector.Second,the ENCORE“pressures”were mapped to the five IPBES(The Intergovernmental Science-Po

282、licy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services)drivers of biodiversity and ecosystem change.125 Note,“Resource exploitation”was mapped solely to“Volume of water use”,as the other pressures(“Other biotic resource extraction(e.g.fish,timber)”and“Other abiotic resource extraction”)were not materi

283、al for the automotive sector,and“Introduction of invasive species”was similarly excluded given the materiality was mostly low or below for all ISIC classes where a value was assigned.See Table 6 for the complete mapping.Third,for each stage of the value chain and IPBES driver,an average of the ENCOR

284、E“pressure materiality rating”was computed across all the ISIC classes where a materiality value was assigned(i.e.not N/A or ND).This was summarized in Table 3 for those with medium,high or very high materiality.Finally,this output was tested with business,civil society and academic industry experts

285、 via interviews and consultation workshops,and the final ratings were adapted based on the feedback provided.For the automotive sector specifically,this involved updating the“midstream,pollution”,“midstream,water use”and“downstream,pollution”from low to medium materiality,and“downstream,greenhouse g

286、as(GHG)emissions”section from medium to high materiality.The impact and dependency descriptions in Chapter 2 also use the ENCORE“pressure materiality ratings”,“pressure links”,“dependency materiality ratings”and“dependency links”datasets alongside several other sources.These include CDP Water Watch,

287、WWF Water and Biodiversity Risk Filters,academic papers,civil society reviews,company-specific insights and assessments,analysis by the World Economic Forum and industry expert interviews and consultation workshops.The results of this analysis were then used to inform the development of thepriority

288、actions.Mapping from ENCORE“pressures”to five IPBES driversTABLE 6IPBES drivers of biodiversity and ecosystem changeRelevant ENCORE“pressures”Land-use change and ecosystem disturbance Area of land use Area of freshwater use Area of seabed use Pollution Emissions of toxic soil and water pollutants Em

289、issions of nutrient soil and water pollutants Emissions of non-GHG air pollutants Generation and release of solid waste Disturbances(e.g.noise,light)Resource exploitation(water use)Volume of water use GHG emissions Emissions of GHGsNature Positive:Role of the Automotive Sector China Deep-dive34Oppor

290、tunity sizingThe Forums Future of Nature and Business report,126 published in 2020,identifies about 60 major business opportunities in the nature-positive economy and estimates their respective market sizes(defined as concentrated shifts in profit pools that generate specific opportunities for busin

291、ess).The sizing reflects the annual additional opportunity in 2030 based on estimated savings(e.g.value of land saved through restoration)or revenue upside(e.g.new market potential for new products).For each opportunity,the incremental size of the opportunity in a nature-positive versus a business-a

292、s-usual scenario is measured.The opportunities selected are based on existing,commercialized technologies.A detailed overview of this sizing can be found in the methodology note for the Future of Nature and Business report.127 Identifying the business opportunity potential of the priority actions fo

293、r the automotive sector followed a two-step approach.First,relevant opportunities were selected from the Future of Nature and Business report and mapped to the priority actions identified in this report(see Table 1).Second,the market potential for the automotive sector was estimated across each sele

294、cted opportunity,using relevant adjustment factors such as the sectors share of Chinas total GDP for sector-agnostic opportunities or the total excluding the mining and metals sectorsshare of Chinas total GDP for circularity-related opportunities.This sizing approach may not cover the entire set of

295、business opportunities for the sector.For example,the market potential of new technologies under development was not considered in the original 2020 report and is,therefore,not covered in this report.Similarly,the 2020 report did not aspire to exhaustively cover all present opportunities.Nature Posi

296、tive:Role of the Automotive Sector China Deep-dive35ContributorsAcknowledgementsAdvisory panelBusiness for NatureCambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership(CISL)Capitals CoalitionCDPCDC BiodiversitCeresChina EV100Responsible Critical Mineral Initiative(RCI)China Association of Circular Econom

297、yEU Business and Biodiversity Platform(EU B&B)Financing for Biodiversity FoundationForest Peoples ProgrammeGlobal Commons AllianceGoldenBee ConsultingInternational Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN)Institute of Finance and SustainabilityInstitute of Public and Environmental Affairs MetabolicOreP

298、artnership for Biodiversity Accounting Financials(PBAF)Planet TrackerRutgers UniversityScience Based Targets Network(SBTN)Society of Entrepreneurs and Ecology(SEE)The Nature Conservancy(TNC)World Economic Forum Isabel Ashman Project Specialist,Sector Transitions to Nature Positive,Centre for Nature

299、and ClimateLaura Fisher Lead,Sector Transitions to Nature Positive,Centre for Nature and Climate Susan Hu Nature Action Agenda Lead,Centre for Nature and ClimateAkanksha Khatri Head,Nature and Biodiversity,Centre for Nature and ClimateXie Xi Project Lead,Ocean Action Agenda,Centre for Nature and Cli

300、mateOliver WymanCaroline Gourri Head,Knowledge Management,Americas and Asia PacificHan Bing Knowledge AnalystWu Qian Partner,Climate and SustainabilityProject teamNature Positive:Role of the Automotive Sector China Deep-dive36Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures(TNFD)United Nations Envi

301、ronment Programme Finance Initiative(UNEP-FI)United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre(UNEP-WCMC)United Nations Global CompactUniversity of OxfordWe Mean Business CoalitionWorld Benchmarking Alliance(WBA)World Business Council for Sustainable Development(WBCSD)World W

302、ide Fund for Nature(WWF)ExpertsDai Yibo Vice-President,GoldenBeeConsultingLi Kexing Supervisor,Corporate Image,Guangzhou Automobile GroupXinqing Lu Manager,Circular Economy and Biodiversity,Volvo Cars Xuexing(Dennis)Pan Director,Sustainability,Contemporary Amparex Technology Co.,Limited(CATL)Sylvain

303、e Rols Senior Specialist,Nature,Principles for Responsible Investment(PRI)Sun Lihui Chairman,Decision-making Committee of Responsible Critical Mineral Initiative(RCI)Swenja Surminski Managing Director Climate and Sustainability,Marsh McLennanJingkun Wang Chairman,Shandong Hongqiao Scholz Circular Ec

304、onomy Science and Technology Wang Zhengyi Senior Sustainability Expert,Lotus TechnologyTony Wu Partner Lead,Advanced Manufacturing and SupplyChain,World Economic ForumLiu Xiaoshi Executive Deputy Secretary-General,China EV100Zhao Kai Executive Vice-President,China Association of Circular EconomyThe

305、World Economic Forum would like to thank theGordon and Betty Moore Foundation and Andre Hoffman for their support of the Nature Action Agenda and the New Nature Economy report series.We would like to acknowledge the valuable contributions of the Advisory Panel of the Sector Actions Towards a Nature-

306、Positive Future initiative.Thanks also go to the many leading academic,industry,NGO and government agency experts who provided invaluable perspectives.ProductionLouis ChaplinEditor,Studio Miko Laurence DenmarkCreative Director,Studio MikoCharlotte IvanyDesigner,Studio MikoNature Positive:Role of the

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