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1、Nature Positive:Role of the Port SectorI N S I G H T R E P O R TJ A N U A R Y 2 0 2 5Images:Getty ImagesDisclaimer This document is published by the World Economic Forum as a contribution to a project,insight area or interaction.The findings,interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are a res

2、ult of a collaborative process facilitated and endorsed by the World Economic Forum but whose results do not necessarily represent the views of the World Economic Forum,nor the entirety of its Members,Partners orotherstakeholders.2025 World Economic Forum.All rights reserved.No part of this publicat

3、ion may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,including photocopying and recording,or by any information storage and retrieval system.ContentsForeword 3Foreword 4About the Nature Positive Transitions report series 5Executive summary 6Introduction 71 Where the sector is today 131.1

4、 Sector overview 141.2 Progress is promising but needs to accelerate 152 Nature-related impacts and dependencies 172.1 Double materiality 182.2 Land,water and sea use change 202.3 Greenhouse gas emissions 212.4 Pollution 222.5 Invasive species 223 Five priority actions 233.1 Sensitively plan port ar

5、ea to minimize impacts on nature 283.2 Enhance the use of clean energy,sustainable materials 30 andadvanced equipment and operating systems3.3 Improve the prevention and mitigation capacity against 32 pollution and invasive species3.4 Promote a circular economy and catalyse cross-sector 33 collabora

6、tion in regulation,finance and innovation3.5 Actively protect and restore nature 354 Get started 374.1 Align strategy with organizational maturity 384.2 A deeper look at metrics to support decision-making 404.3 Map the transition on to business functions 41Conclusion 44Appendix 45Contributors 46Endn

7、otes 49Nature Positive:Role of the Port Sector2ForewordA future-proof global port is dynamic,multifaceted and extends beyond traditional cargo handling.It focuses on sustainability,innovation,efficiency and adaptability while serving as a critical link in the global supply chain and contributing to

8、the economic well-being of its region.This is fully aligned with the long-term ambitions of the Port of Antwerp-Bruges.Our aim is to be a lever towards asustainable future and a world port that reconciles the needs of people with those of the climate,nature and the economy.In addition to maximizing

9、benefits for our customers and prioritizing safety,mobility and the quality of our environment,we are taking responsibility through an ambitious species protection program.Protected species are preserved,and scientifically substantiated population targets are pursued in suitable areas,all while easi

10、ng the regulatory burden on companies operating in the port.We strive to be pioneers.As a community builder,we prioritize partnerships that drive sustainability ambitions and innovation within the port platforms.Major challenges can only be addressed through collaboration and the collective efforts

11、of a diverse range of actors.Through cooperation with non-governmental organizations(NGOs),we can monitor species conservation and manage the quality of their habitats.This report provides a comprehensive overview and numerous examples of these nature-positive efforts that can coexist with economic

12、activities.Given the vast areas we operate in,the opportunities for action are abundant,and we cannot overlook the impact on biodiversity or the relevance of nature-related risks.We must,therefore,identify the dependencies and impacts of the economy and society on nature.The tools and guidance provi

13、ded in this report can facilitate a structured approach toaddressing these issues.As a result,sustainability cannot be confined to a single department or industry association;it must become an integral aspect that is structurally considered in every project or strategic decision.Jacques Vandermeiren

14、 Chief Executive Officer,Port of Antwerp-BrugesNature Positive:Role of the Port SectorJanuary 2025Nature Positive:Role of the Port Sector3ForewordThe World Economic Forums Future of Nature and Business report estimates that more than half the worlds gross domestic product(GDP)is moderately or highly

15、 dependent on nature and its services,meaning companies and investors cannot afford to delay actions to reverse climate change and prevent nature loss any longer.While the 2015 Paris Agreement and the 2022 Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework have provided governments and businesses with g

16、oals and targets,industries need sectoral guidance on strategic ways forward.This is particularly true when it comes to preventing nature loss,which poses an inherently complex set of issues to tackle.Global trade is reliant on the successful operation of a complex,interconnected system of supply ch

17、ains,government bodies and private sector organizations,working together across borders to ensure the safe transport of vital goods and services to hundreds of millions of people around the world.As our climate changes,higher temperatures,rising sea levels and more frequent and severe weather patter

18、ns will increasingly expose vulnerabilities in our infrastructure systems.Due to their proximity to both land and ocean,ports particularly in small island developing states and the Global South areuniquely impacted by these changes.TheIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)estimates that if

19、we continue on current projected trends,sea levels are expected to rise by 29-51 cm by 2100.1 Without major mitigating intervention,a 40 cm rise in sea levels could possibly render the ports of Houston,Shanghai andLazaro Cardenas completely unusable.In order to meet these emerging threats,we must tr

20、ansform current approaches to port management and operations towards a culture thatactively protects,restores and enhances natural ecosystems at scale.Nature Positive:Role of the Port Sector explores thecontribution of the sector to climate change and nature loss,including the impact of land and sea

21、 use,greenhouse gas emissions and pollution,etc.The report articulates a shared vision for a nature-positive port sector,offering an actionable framework for government departments,engineering and construction firms and shipping companies to make evidence-baseddecisions that will improve the resilie

22、nce andsustainability of ports,nowand intothe future.Like all critical infrastructures,ports are part ofbigger social,technical and physical systems.By engaging a diverse group of sectoral experts,including Lloyds Register Foundation and China Oceanic Development Foundation,this report ensures that

23、recommendations are made with thesafety of people at their heart.The international community must take these insights and do everything it can to anticipate and mitigate these systemic risks to ports,build resilience and ensure a nature-positive future forglobal trade.Thomas Thune Andersen Chairman,

24、Lloyds Register FoundationPan Xinchun Secretary-General,China Oceanic Development FoundationAlfredo Giron Head,Ocean Action Agenda,World Economic ForumNature Positive:Role of the Port Sector4About the Nature Positive Transitions report seriesSector reports:Nature Positive:Role of the Cement and Conc

25、rete SectorNature Positive:Role of the Household and Personal Care Products SectorNature Positive:Role of the Chemicals Sector Nature Positive:Role of the Mining and Metals SectorNature Positive:Role of the Automotive Sector Nature Positive:Role of the Offshore Wind SectorNature Positive:Role of the

26、 Automotive Sector China Deep-diveCities reports:Nature Positive:Guidelines for the Transition in CitiesNature Positive:Leaders Insights for the Transition in CitiesNature Positive:Financing the Transition in CitiesNature Positive:Cities Efforts to Advance the Transition DurbanFinance reports:Financ

27、ing the Nature-Positive Transition:Understanding the Role of Banks,Investors and Insurers Nature Positive:Role of the Port Sector is part of the World Economic Forums Nature Positive Transitions report series that outlines the different pathways to halt and reverse nature loss by 2030 the mission at

28、 the heart of the Global Biodiversity Framework.The series consists of three transitions:business sectors,cities and financial institutions.These reports highlight the relevance of nature-related risks,identify the impacts and dependencies of the economy and society on nature,and provide guidelines

29、for business,city and financial institution leaders on key actions to accelerate thenature-positive transition.The Nature Positive Transitions report series builds onthe New Nature Economy Report Series.For more information,please visit Nature Positive Transitions.This report includes case studies f

30、rom several port-anchored industrial clusters involved in the World Economic Forums Transitioning Industrial Clusters initiative(TIC).With its focus on economic,social and environmental impact,TIC aligns closely with the Nature Positive Transitions reports mission.Formore information,please visit Tr

31、ansitioning Industrial Clusters.Nature Positive:Role of the Port Sector5Executive summaryIn a highly globalized world,port infrastructure and services are critical to keeping global supply chains functioning.As they continue to be constructed and expanded around the world,ports are not only vital to

32、 international economic activity but also contribute heavily to many countries employment and economic growth.In total,30 million people globally are employed in the port sector directly,and 90 million jobs are indirectly related to port ecosystems more broadly.While ports contribute significantly t

33、o domestic and global economic and social development,they can also have substantial impacts on nature.Without careful planning,port construction can destroy land and water ecosystems.Likewise,port operations and economic activities downstream canlead to varying degrees of pollution,greenhouse gas e

34、missions and species invasions.Given the growingvolume of global trade,it is crucial for the port sector to take action and transform port operations and value chains to contribute to nature-positive global goals.While recognizing that many ports have already made progress considering and addressing

35、 climate change and environmental pollution,the sector now requires systematic thinking and accelerated action to support nature-positive goals.Ports should be fully aware of their relationship with nature and consider the entire value chain when it comes to decision-making.This report summarizes th

36、e sectors key impacts and dependencies on nature and sets out sector-specific actions that corporate leaders can start to take now to transform their businesses,including:1.Sensitively plan port areas to minimize impacts on nature:Ports should be planned inan integrated and coordinated way,aiming to

37、 simultaneously meet business and operational needs and minimize impacts and dependencies on nature.2.Enhance the use of clean energy,sustainable materials and advanced equipment and operating systems:Optimize energy portfolio,improve or retrofit storage and refilling facilities to accommodate incre

38、asing quantities of green alternative fuels needed for green shipping,prioritize the use of advanced equipment and gradually replace ageing and carbon-intensive equipment,adopt energy-saving and environmentally friendly materials in port construction and operation,save and recycle freshwater to the

39、maximum extent.3.Improve prevention and mitigation capacity against pollution and invasive species:Optimize operations and implement advanced technologies to prevent and mitigate pollutants,formulate and implement emergency response plans to address incidents,improve monitoring systems to ensure the

40、 impacts on nature can be controlled and minimized as well as to identify incidents when happening,regulateandstandardize prevention and controlofinvasive species.4.Promote a circular economy and catalyse cross-sector collaboration in regulation,finance and innovation:Commit to circular business mod

41、els by maximizing the recycling of materials and building efficient supply chains;enhance cross-sectoral collaboration in submitting joint policy asks,setting industry standards and regulations,launching and contributing to nature-related initiatives,co-developing finance mechanisms with investors,e

42、tc.5.Actively protect and restore nature:Establish and sustainably manage habitat areas,improve green coverage,enrich vegetation types,improve soil structure,restore degraded land,protect the natural coastline,and take part in compensating conservation and restoration activities such as marine speci

43、es protection,mangroves planting,mudflats and seagrass beds conservation.These priority actions could unlock more than$54 billion worth of annual business opportunities by 2030 for companies operating across the sectors value chain,presenting significant possibilities for the port sector in the new

44、nature-positive economy.Businesses throughout the value chain should make joint efforts for a just and equitable nature-positive transition.Nature Positive:Role of the Port Sector6IntroductionNature is at a tipping point.Today,the resources humanity uses are equivalent to that of 1.75 Earths.This me

45、ans that the ecological footprint,a measure that sums up the demands for biologically productive areas like food,timber,fibre,carbon sequestration and infrastructure,exceeds the Earths capacity by 75%.2Achieving net-zero emissions and halting biodiversity loss are highly interdependent priorities fo

46、r both society and business.Climate change is one of thefive key drivers of biodiversity loss,3,4 and in turn,land-use change,principally agricultural commodity-driven deforestation,contributes 12-20%of global greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions.5 At the same time,efforts to tackle climate change cannot su

47、cceed without safeguarding nature.It is estimated that 37%of the emissions reductions required by 2030 to keep global temperature increases under 2C will come from nature-based solutions.6 Recognizing the link between climate change and nature,standard setters are increasingly looking toalign effort

48、s,as seen in the linkages between the Science Based Targets initiative(SBTi)Forest,Land and Agriculture(FLAG)targets7 and the land targets from the Science Based Targets Network(SBTN).8 Efforts are also being made to integrate social and human rights perspectives to ensure that the nature transition

49、 is just,inclusive,and delivers tangible and sustainable benefits for people.In September 2024,the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research(PIK)published the firstannual planetary health check,evaluating the status of the nine planetary boundaries the Earth system processes essential for mainta

50、ining global stability,resilience and life-support functions against safe operating limits.Overall,six out of nine planetary boundaries,such as land system change,freshwater change,and biosphere integrity,have already breached safe levels9(see Figure 1).Most top companies have climate targets,yet on

51、ly 5%have one for biodiversity,despite the global economys dependency on nature.of the emissions reductions required by2030 to keep global temperature increases under 2C will come from nature-based solutions.37%7Nature Positive:Role of the Port SectorPlanetary boundaries health checkFIGURE 1Planetar

52、y boundary processesClimate changeCO2 concentrationIncrease in atmospheric aerosol loadingOcean acidificationFreshwater changegreen waterFreshwater changeblue waterStratospheric Ozone depletionSafe operating spaceIncreasingriskHigh-risk zonePlanetary boundaryHigh-risk lineStatus and trendLand system

53、 changeClimate changeradiative forcingModification of biogeochemical flowsphosphorus cycleModification of biogeochemical flowsnitrogen cycleChange in biosphere integrityfunctional integrityChange in biosphere integritygenetic diversityIntroduction of novel entitiesSource:Caesar,L.,Sakschewski,B.et a

54、l.(2024).Planetary Health Check:A Scientific Assessment of the State of the Planet.Nature Positive:Role of the Port Sector8Why nature matters forbusinessesThe importance of nature for businesses and financial institutions is growing as the evidence for nature-related risks rises.In the World Economi

55、c Forums Global Risk Report 2025,10 five out of the top 10 risks over the next decade are environment-related:extreme weather events,biodiversity loss and ecosystem collapse,critical change to Earth systems,natural resource shortages and pollution.In parallel,the calls for rapid change are getting s

56、tronger and more frequent,coming from policy-makers,regulators,investors,companies,consumers and citizens(see Figure 2).Companies that anticipate the risks of nature losscan minimize disruption from incoming policy and regulatory requirements,proactively manage nature-related physical,transition and

57、 systemic risks,11 including dependencies on ecosystem services and assets,and benefit from early nature-related opportunities.Key nature-related dynamics impacting businessesFIGURE 2 BusinessesGlobal Biodiversity FrameworkGuidance and standards In total,196 parties agreed on the landmark Kunming-Mo

58、ntreal Global Biodiversity Framework in December 2022.Target 15 of the framework explicitly calls for mandatory assessment and disclosure and for businesses to reduce their negative impacts on nature.Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures(TNFD)issued sector-specific guidance for 8 sectors

59、 and financial institutions.International Sustainability Standards Board(ISSB)incorporated nature and biodiversity requirements.EUs European Sustainability Reporting Standards(ESRS)started in 2024.Science Based Targets for Nature(SBTN)released updated target-setting guidance.Customers and employees

60、Recent studies show 85%of consumers indicate that they have shifted their purchasing behaviour to be more sustainable in the past five years.The Union for Ethical BioTrade(UEBT)Biodiversity Barometer has shown consistent growth in biodiversity awareness among consumers over the past decade.In total,

61、177 financial institutions with22.1 trillion in assets under managementsigned the Finance for Biodiversity Pledge.Nature Action 100 harnesses investor influence on businesses.Financial institutionsSource:Convention on Biological Diversity.(2022).Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework;Busines

62、s for Nature.(2023).A wake-up call for business:Target 15 commits governments to require nature-related disclosure from large companies and financial institutions;Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures(TNFD);Reuters.(2022,14 December).Global sustainability rules body steps up focus on bio

63、diversity;European Financial Reporting Advisory Group(EFRAG).EU Sustainability Reporting Standards(ESRS);Science Based Targets Network(SBTN).(n.d.).For companies;Nature Action 100;Finance for Biodiversity Foundation;Union for Ethical BioTrade(UEBT).Biodiversity Barometer.9Nature Positive:Role of the

64、 Port SectorGlobal Biodiversity FrameworkThe agreement of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework12 in December 2022 set the ambition to halt and reverse biodiversity loss,calling for a collective effort from all sections of society on the four goals and 23 targets by 2030.Guidance and st

65、andards Many regulators will soon require mandatory nature-related disclosure from companies,with regulations like the European Sustainability Reporting Standards(ESRS)13 under the EUs Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive(EU CSRD)and the EU Taxonomy for Sustainable Activities14 pushing busin

66、esses to disclose their impact on nature and their exposure to nature and biodiversity loss.Standards are also being adopted in countries like India15 and China,16 requiring companies to disclose material sustainability information.Companies are encouraged to start collecting dataand building intern

67、al capacity in alignment withvoluntary disclosure frameworks like the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures(TNFD),17 which has seen at least 502 organizations,including 129 financial institutions,commit to getting started with voluntary reporting oftheir nature-related issues.18Financial

68、 institutionsFinancial institutions are also recognizing the risks associated with nature,for example,36%of Dutch financial institutions assets were found to be highly dependent on nature,19 and starting to take action.In the past three years,177 institutions with 22 trillion in assets under managem

69、ent signed the Finance for Biodiversity Pledge,and institutional investors are convening through the Nature Action 100 programme to engage with companies and policy-makers on nature.20The nature-positive transition will unlock new business opportunities for financial institutions.Innovative nature f

70、inancing mechanisms,including biodiversity credits,impact investments and blended finance mechanisms,have seen significant growth in the past years,including 10%growth between 2022 and 2023.21 Governments are developing the market infrastructure to mobilize private finance for nature conservation an

71、d restoration.For example,in 2023,the UK government introduced the Biodiversity Net Gain(BNG)legislation,22 mandating that all new development projects achieve a 10%net gain in biodiversity,and the Australian government is in the process of establishing a Nature Repair Market23 to enable individuals

72、 and businesses to voluntarily invest in nature repair projects across Australian land,waters,or a combination of both.Financial institutions can start taking action by building internal capacity to act on nature,developing financing policies,strategies and transition plans that favour nature(includ

73、ing sector-,location-or asset class-specific policies where appropriate),embedding nature in risk management systems,developing robust nature-related reporting systems,and engaging with high nature-impact and high nature-risk businesses.Consumers and employeesSimilarly,wider society and other stakeh

74、olders,such as employees and consumers,are raising their expectations for corporate action to protect nature and biodiversity.In the Union for Ethical BioTrades 2022 Biodiversity Barometer,biodiversity loss was the second most urgent environmental concern for consumers after climate change.In countr

75、ies such as Brazil and China,the concern comes out on top,with 54%of consumers wanting information on a products impact on biodiversity.A survey by Simon-Kucher&Partners in 2021 showed that 85%of consumers have made changes to make their purchasing behaviour more sustainable in the past five years.2

76、4 Additionally,employees are elevating their expectations regarding their employers commitment to protecting nature and biodiversity.For example,a 2022 global survey by Deloitte25 found that protecting the environment remains a top priority for Gen Zs and millennials,who want to see their employers

77、prioritize visible actions that enable employees to get directly involved.A total of 64%of Gen Zs said they would pay more to purchase anenvironmentally sustainable product.Setting credible nature strategies Despite the increased momentum on nature over recent years,not enough is being done.While 83

78、%of Fortune Global 500 companies have climate change targets,only 25%have freshwater consumption targets,and just 5%have targets for biodiversity loss.26 Only 5%of companies have assessed their impacts on nature,with less than 1%understanding their dependencies.27 Companies can contribute to“Nature

79、Positive”by establishing credible nature strategies,where“Nature Positive”represents a“global societal goal to halt and reverse nature loss by 2030 on a 2020 baseline,and achieve full recovery by 2050”.28 Individual companies,financial institutions and investors can contribute to this shared goal by

80、 adopting nature-positive strategies across their spheres of control and influence,including at sites of high-biodiversity importance,in their direct operations as well as across their value chains(seeFigure 3).In the past three years,177 institutions with 22 trillion in assets under management sign

81、ed the Finance for Biodiversity Pledge.Nature Positive:Role of the Port Sector10Spheres of control and influenceFIGURE 3Sphere of controlSphere of influenceSiteProductCorporateValue chainValue chain-adjacent areasSystemsDirectoperationsUpstreamDownstreamSource:Adapted from Science Based Targets Netw

82、ork(SBTN).(2020).Science-Based Targets for Nature:Initial Guidance for Business,2020.A credible corporate nature strategy should be built on four high-level steps:assess,commit,transform and disclose35(see Figure 4).Businesses can and should act now to:Assess:Conduct an initial materiality assessmen

83、t to prioritize efforts;identify,measure,value and prioritize impacts and dependencies on nature;assess risks and opportunities;and consider climate and people within nature assessments.Commit:Define ambition and goals,and set transparent,time-bound,specific,science-based targets to put companies on

84、 the right track towards operating within the Earths limits.Transform:Avoid and reduce negative impacts;restore and regenerate;shift business strategy and models;collaborate,both along value chains and at a landscape,seascape and river basin level;advocate for ambitious policies and initiatives;and

85、embed nature within corporate governance.Disclose:Disclose material nature-related information across all three high-level actions above;seek out independent validation and verification to enhance the credibility of actions;and align reporting with major reporting standards such as TNFD,Internationa

86、l Sustainability Standards Board(ISSB)or the EUs CSRD recommendations.Momentum is building.In May 2023,17 companies started a target validation pilot for the SBTN methods.36 For more details,companies can refer to the Nature Strategy Handbook,a practical guide to support all businesses in developing

87、 a naturestrategy.Nature Positive:Role of the Port Sector11The need for a sectoral approach As nature impacts and dependencies differ significantly across real economy sectors,sector-specific analyses and guidance can help companies understand their relationship with nature and the actions they can

88、take to accelerate the transition toa nature-positive future.To inform sectoral approaches,the World Economic Forum,alongside Business for Nature and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development(WBCSD),produced guidance on 12 global sectors as part of the initial phase of the Sector Action

89、s Towards a Nature-Positive Future initiative.For each sector,the guidance outlines the priority actions companies should take to transform their operations and value chains to make a meaningful contribution towards the Global Biodiversity Framework and help halt and reverse nature loss by 2030.In t

90、he second phase,the World Economic Forum has conducted analysis on four additional sectors:mining and metals,automotive,offshore wind and ports.This report identifies and makes the business case forsector-specific priority actions in the port sector.ACT-D high-level business actions on natureFIGURE

91、4AssessMeasure,value and prioritize your impacts and dependencies on nature to ensure you are acting on the most material ones.CommitSet science-based targets to put your company on the right track towards operating within the Earths limits.TransformAvoid and reduce negative impacts,restore and rege

92、nerate,collaborate across land and seascapes,shift business strategy and models,embed nature in governance and advocate for policy ambition.DiscloseCommitAssessTransformHigh-level business actions on natureDiscloseDiscloseNote:Disclose material nature-related information across all three high-level

93、actions above.Source:Business for Nature.(n.d.).High-level Business Actions on Nature.Nature Positive:Role of the Port Sector12Where the sector is today 1Given the growing volume of global tradeand the potential increasing impacts on nature,the sector must act urgently tocontribute to nature-positiv

94、e goals.Nature Positive:Role of the Port Sector13Port infrastructure and services are critical tokeeping global supply chains functioning.31 According to the UN Conference on Trade and Development(UNCTAD),maritime trade facilitated by port operations makes up 80%of global trade.32 In many countries

95、with limited land borders,such as the United Kingdom and Singapore,nearly all international trade passes through ports.33 In 2021,global maritime trade volumes reached 10.99 billion tons of goods traded,a 25%increase from 8.78 billion tons in 2011.34 Despite fluctuating in recent years due to the im

96、pact of the COVID-19 pandemic and economic and geopolitical instability,global maritime trade is expected to grow in future 2.4%in 2023 and 2.1%over the next five years35 increasing the demand for port operations.In particular,the demand for container transport is growing most rapidly:container port

97、 traffic in 2022 was approximately 840 million twenty-foot equivalent units(TEUs)globally,an increase ofabout 219%compared to 2002.36 1.1 Sector overview Definition of the port sectorBOX 1A port is a place where water and land meet,and ships can dock for commercial purposes of either handling cargo

98、or passengers or taking care of the ships requirements.37 Manyports are recognized as significant industrial and energy hubs considering their extensive industrial activities.Ports are normally controlled,operated and run by a port authority,which sets the commercial tariff for the handling of ships

99、,goods and passengers at that port.Depending onthe typesand scales,the port authority may contract withdifferent companies tooperate within a port,forexample,terminal operators.The port sector,for the scope of this report,is defined as encompassing the construction(of infrastructure)and operation(to

100、 provide services)phases of ports.In addition,this report will consider the full value chain for ports,including the upstream industries that provide essential support and downstream economic activities that depend on the existence of ports.For the purposes of this report and its focus on the overal

101、l port ecosystem,no official classification has been used.The definition involves several industries within Sustainability Accounting Standards Boards(SASB)Sustainable Industry Classification System(SICS),including Infrastructure Engineering&Construction Services,Services Professional&Commercial Ser

102、vices,and Transportation Marine Transportation.This approach is strongly aligned with WBSCDs analysis of the built environment system.38Simplified value chain of the port sectorFIGURE 5Port decommissioningand retirementPort maintenanceand upgradePort operationsMaterials extraction and productionMech

103、anical equipmentmanufacturing and transportEnergy andwater supplyPort construction(including docks,warehouses,waterways and roads,etc.)Land and water transport for connectionEconomic activities relying on ports,for example,shippingMidstream(direct operations)UpstreamDownstreamPort expansionRecycle a

104、nd re-useNature Positive:Role of the Port Sector14Determining the precise number of ports globally is challenging due to discrepancies in definitions and classifications,as well as the continuous development of new ports,while others may be decommissioned or undergo changes in their operational stat

105、us.The Marine Vessel Traffic database enumerates the names and geographical locations of 4,702 ports across 170 countries.39 The World Port Index(WPI),published by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency(NGA)of the United States,offers comprehensive details on over 3,700 ports globally.40 The Ll

106、oyds List provides comprehensive information and key characteristics on 2,916 ports.41Ports are being constructed and expanded around the world the value of ongoing port construction projects was$496.5 billion in Q3 2024,from the early pre-planning stages(of announcement and study)through to executi

107、on.The value of projects being tracked in Sub-Saharan Africa and Middle East and North Africa(MENA)stands at$64.9 billion and$64.5,respectively,with 43.6%and 85.2%of projects in the execution stage.42 Ports are not only vital to international economic activity but also contribute heavily to many cou

108、ntries employment and economic growth.Globally,30 million people are employed in the port sector directly,and 90 million jobs are indirectly related to port ecosystems more broadly.It is estimated that,for every direct job in port operations,3-4 additional jobs are created in related industries.In s

109、ome African countries,up to 6%of employment is in ports,with Egypt,Morocco and South Africa seeing the highest port throughput.43 While ports contribute significantly to domestic and global economic and social development,they can have substantial negative impacts on nature.Without careful planning,

110、port construction can destroy land and water ecosystems.Likewise,port operation and downstream economic activities can lead to varying degrees of pollution,greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions and species invasions.Specifically,the dramatic changes in coastline and water use caused by port construction and

111、operations have major impacts on the marine environment.For example,loss and pollution of natural coastal ecosystems during port construction can harm marine biodiversity and reduce natures innate ability to protect coastal communities from flooding and storm surge,frequent dredging can suffocate be

112、nthic species(animals or plants that live in,on or near the bottom of a body of water)and disrupt the food chain,and shipping traffic can cause noise and water pollution that harm species.Given the growing volume of global trade and the potential increasing impacts on nature,it is crucial for the po

113、rt sector to take action and transform port operations and value chains to contribute to nature-positive global goals.1.2 Progress is promising but needs to accelerate International organizations and governments havelong recognized the importance of mitigating environmental impacts,such as pollution

114、 and GHG emissions,from ports.The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships(MARPOL),adopted by the International Maritime Organization(IMO)in 1973,stands as a crucial international treaty dedicated to preventing marine and air pollution resulting from ship operations or acc

115、idents.Over the past five decades,it has played a pivotal role in effectively mitigating pollution and,while ships are within port boundaries,safeguarding port areas and their surrounding ecosystems.It also encourages member states to provide reception facilities at ports to support wastemanagement

116、and prevent pollution at sea.44The International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships Ballast Water and Sediments,2004(BWM Convention),entered into force globally on 8 September 2017.Since then,ships must manage their ballast water so that aquatic organisms and pathogens are removed or

117、 rendered harmless before the ballast water is released into a new location.This is expected to help prevent the spread of invasive species as well as potentially harmful pathogens.45EU regulations also have impacts on the construction and operation of port infrastructure.For example,theFuelEU Marit

118、ime Regulation adopted in July 2023 sets maximum limits for the yearly average GHG intensity of the energy used by ships above 5,000 gross tonnage calling at European ports,regardless of their flag.46 The Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation,applicable since 13 April 2024,sets targets for the

119、 deployment of shore-side electricity supply for larger seagoing container and passenger ships in maritime ports and for inland waterway vessels.47 From 2024,the EU Emissions Trading System(ETS)also covers carbon dioxide(CO2)emissions from maritime transport,specifically 50%of emissions from voyages

120、 starting or ending outside of the EU and 100%of emissions from voyages between two EU ports and when ships are within EU ports.Shipping companies have to purchase and surrender(use)EU ETS emission allowances for each tonne of reported CO2(or CO2 equivalent)emissions in the scope of the EU ETS syste

121、m.48 The Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation sets targets for the deployment of shore-side electricity supply for larger seagoing container and passenger ships.Nature Positive:Role of the Port Sector15However,less focus internationally has been on ports than on shipping,given ports are not i

122、nternationally governed.Some leading ports have acknowledged their impacts on nature and have made their own commitments to take action.Forexample:Port of Darwin in Australia has issued a number of environmental protection plans,including an environmental management plan and minimum environmental ex

123、pectations,to minimize the impact of arriving ships on the local ecosystems.49 Port of Rotterdam in the Netherlands is constructing the Porthos carbon capture and storage(CCS)project,with which the CO2 storage will reduce emissions from the companies in the port by 10%.It is also dedicated to the re

124、cycling of concrete particles in circular buildings by partially using recycled concrete in all construction works 25%of the structural concrete base material(gravel)will bereplaced by high-quality concrete pellets.50,51 The Port of Singapore incentivizes GHG emission reduction in ships by offering

125、up to 30%reduction in port dues for ships using zero-or low-carbon fuels.52 The Mormugao Port in India is providing a discount on the port dues component of the vessel-related charges for theeco-friendly vessels calling at the Mormugao Port based on the environmental ship index(ESI)score given by th

126、e International Association of Ports and Harbours(IAPH).53While recognizing that many ports have already made progress in considering and addressing climate change and environmental pollution,the sector now requires systematic thinking and accelerated action to support nature-positive goals.Ports sh

127、ould be fully aware of their relationship with nature and consider the entire value chain when it comes to decision-making.With growing expectations from financial institutions,employees and customers,as well as anticipated new policy and regulation worldwide,the business case for action on nature h

128、as never been stronger.Corporate leaders should start to assess,commit,transform and disclose as per the ACT-D framework in a more systematic way.As noted in the Introduction,companies need to:identify,measure,value and prioritize their nature-related impacts and dependencies across their value chai

129、ns to ensure they act on the most material ones;set transparent,time-bound,specific,science-based targets when material;takeactions to transform their businesses;and track performance to publicly disclose material nature-related information.For more information ontools and guidance available for the

130、 ACT-D set ofhigh-level actions,see Table 1.The stages of ACT-D will also need to be supported by a range of other activities,including agreeing on definitions,determining materiality thresholds,mapping assets and operations,gathering information on existing nature-related activities,making the case

131、 for nature action internally within your organisation(beyond disclosure),andestablishing the vision of success.Selected tools and guidance available for ACT-D high-level actionsTABLE 1AssessConsult the locate-evaluate-assess-prepare(LEAP)approach from TNFD.Follow the technical guidance to assess54

132、and prioritize55 from SBTN.CommitFollow the approach the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN)is developing to measure nature-positive56 and set targets.Set science-based targets,taking inspiration from the technical guidance provided for freshwater,land,ocean and biodiversity bySBTN.

133、57For climate,refer to the guidance from the Science Based Targets initiative(SBTi).TransformTake inspiration from the World Economic Forums Nature Positive Transitions:Sectors report series;58 investresources and commit management to deliver against clear targets.59DiscloseConsult the final recomme

134、ndations60 from TNFD for nature-related disclosures.For climate,refer to the ISSB guidance on disclosure of sustainability-related financial information and climate-related disclosures.61 Use CDPs disclosure platform,which includes guidance on climate change,forests,water security,biodiversity andpl

135、astics.62Note:This table is non-exhaustive.For more tools and guidance,see High-level Business Actions on Nature and The Nature Strategy Handbook.of the gravel will be replaced by high-quality concrete pellets in the Port of Rotterdam.25%Nature Positive:Role of the Port Sector16Nature-related impact

136、s and dependencies2Without corrective action,nature-related risks will escalate,threatening business models for a sector highly dependent on nature.Nature Positive:Role of the Port Sector17Ports can take action to accelerate the nature-positive transition if they better understand their interactions

137、 both impacts and dependencies with nature.By adopting double materiality decision-making to both their own operations and related economic activities in the entire port value chain,they could scale their contributions.The principle of“double materiality”,a concept at the heart of the EUs CSRD,defin

138、es a companys impact on the environment and its dependencies on it as highly interdependent(see Figure 6).In other words,the economic activities of businesses have impacts on both the environment and society(known as impact materiality),while concurrently,businesses also encounter risks(and opportun

139、ities)arising from their dependencies on the environment and society(known as financial materiality).The port sector has high dependencies on nature,including environmental assets and ecosystem services.63,642.1 Double materialityDouble materialityFIGURE 6Double materialityTraditional materialityBus

140、iness impacts on nature/impact materialityDependencies/financial materialityExamples of financial materialityPressure on water availability and decline in quality affect company profitabilitySoil erosion and degradation lead to decreases in agricultural yields for agricultural food companiesDirty be

141、aches and coastal areas cause drop in tourism traffic and revenues Examples of impact materialityCompany activities affect water supply and qualityUnsustainable agricultural practices lead to decrease in soil qualityIrresponsible travel and tourism cause pollution and over-exploitation of natural re

142、sources Business dependencies on nature/financial materialitySource:World Economic Forum.Definition of double materiality sourced from:Deloitte.(2023).Double Materiality:5 challenging key aspects to consider.As large physical infrastructure,the construction and operation of ports depend primarily on

143、 available and high-functioning land and sea assets.Port terminals must be built on suitable coastlines,and distribution sites for stacking containers or storing goods require surrounding easily accessible land.Ship navigation and berthing require safe,open,functioning water systems.Port waters must

144、 be maintained at a certain depth for navigational safety,and high water quality is important for port infrastructure,ships and staff.Nature Positive:Role of the Port Sector18Ports are situated at a critical juncture between land,sea and frequently rivers,making them particularly reliant on stable e

145、nvironmental conditions and vulnerable to extreme weather events.Overall,86%of ports are exposed to more than three natural hazards,including cyclones and flooding,65 and many ports are also at risk from rising sea levels due to global climate change.66 Green infrastructure can provide a degree of p

146、rotection against natural disasters such as storms and flooding.Mangrove forests are one of the best-documented examples of natural or green infrastructure,providing$250 million worth of floodprotection in coastal regions where they grow.Port operations depend on large amounts of energy to operate e

147、quipment and to supply ships with shore power.Currently,many companies are promoting a shift from traditional fossil fuels to electricity,with the aim to supply the majority from renewable sources.The increasing adoption of electric equipment such as electric container cranes,hybrid tugs and autonom

148、ous vehicles has led to a rising demand for electricity in ports.To mitigate the risk of sudden energy shortages that could potentially result in shutdowns of port operations and surrounding areas,ports are enhancing their self-sufficiency inelectricity by developing generation and storage facilitie

149、s for renewable energy.However,this shift may also have significant implications.Renewable installations(solar or wind)can affect terrestrial or marine ecosystems,while new hydropower projects are majorcontributors to freshwater species decline.Ports also rely on natural resources such as minerals,e

150、nergy and water throughout the entire value chain.67 Some of the sectors dependencies are hidden in its value chain,especially in upstream activities and the transport of resources and people for port construction and operation.Beyond their dependencies on nature to ensure successful port constructi

151、on and smooth,functioning operations,ports also generate significant impacts on nature.The top four drivers of nature loss in the port sector include land/water/sea use changes,GHG emissions,pollution and invasive species.Ports should avoid and mitigate these impacts caused by their operations and e

152、conomic activities throughout the value chain.Top four drivers of nature loss in the value chain of the port sectorTABLE 2UpstreamMidstream(construction and operation)DownstreamLand/water/sea use changeGreenhouse gas emissionsPollutionInvasive speciesPressure materiality rating(ENCORE):High MediumNo

153、te:See methodology in the Appendix.Conduct company-specific assessment of impacts and dependencies BOX 2The analysis of impacts and dependencies presented in Chapter 2 is a sector-average analysis for companies in the port sector,but company-specific impacts and dependencies will vary according to t

154、heir specific activities,supply chains and operational locations.Companies will need to conduct assessments to locate their interface with nature and evaluate their impacts and dependencies using company-specific operational and supply chain information.TNFDs LEAP approach,68 as well as the SBTNs st

155、ep 1(assess)69 and step 2(prioritize)70 areuseful frameworks to guide companies through their ownassessments.The full methodology and results of this assessment can befound in the Appendix.Some of the sectors dependencies are hidden in its value chain,especially in upstream activities and the transp

156、ort of resources and people for port construction andoperation.These impacts and dependencies strengthen the case for ports to invest in nature and transform their operations to contribute to global nature-positive goals beyond the level needed to comply with international and local environmental re

157、gulations.Nature Positive:Role of the Port Sector19Ports are located at the junction of land,water and sea,which are often critical habitats and breeding grounds for native endemic flora and fauna.The land area of some large ports can be as large as hundreds of square kilometres,with water/sea area

158、extended to thousands of square kilometres beyond it.For example,the Port of Shanghai covers an area of approximately 3,619 square kilometres.71 In addition to the construction of necessary terminals along the coastline,ports occupy substantial areas of adjacent land to build supporting facilities s

159、uch as cargo yards,warehouses,roads and offices.The use of raw materials throughout the entire value chain can contribute to the loss of nature,soan overconsumption of natural resources could be a driver of nature loss due to the port sector.Port construction and operation disturb and alter the use

160、of land,water and sea,resulting in habitat destruction and increased siltation.If not properly managed,this could have additional impacts on ecosystem services the heat island effect,exacerbating coastal erosion and flood risk,and water quality runoff.One of the most significant physical impacts in

161、port construction and maintenance occurs on the ocean floor.River,bay and ocean floors constantly change as currents and other environmental factors cause sediments to shift and accumulate.To ensure the safety of ship navigation and avoid ships running aground,ports need to regularly monitor the dep

162、th ofthe waterways and dredge if needed to maintain or deepen the port area.Additionally,ports may dredge to accommodate new routes or larger vessels,as well as to remove hazards to ships.Dredging can disturb and damage the sea floor,creating biodiversity loss and destruction of habitats.Globally,41

163、%of ports have indicated that they intend to use more land for logistics and distribution activities,and 38%plan to expand their land use toaccommodate non-fossil energy production.72 As global maritime trade volumes increase,dredging is likely to follow to maintain ports and accommodate additional

164、traffic.If the current trend continues,the land,water and sea use change caused by the development of ports will likely result in some species facing existential crises due to habitat loss.Furthermore,ports can facilitate the trade of goods that may entrench unsustainable production practices,advers

165、ely affecting both nature and climate.Given that ports generate revenue from the products they handle,it is imperative for them to be aware of and accountable for the impacts of these goods.2.2 Land,water and sea use change The land area ofsome large ports can be as large as hundreds of square kilom

166、etres,with water/sea area extended to thousands of square kilometres beyond it.Nature Positive:Role of the Port Sector202.3 Greenhouse gas emissionsGHG emissions of ports throughout the value chain remain significant,considering the number of ports worldwide and the growing demand forshipping.GHG em

167、issions are produced from economic activities at every aspect of the value chain upstream energy supply and equipment manufacturing;midstream port construction and terminal operations,which account for a relatively small share of GHG emissions;73 and downstream transport and related economic activit

168、ies,which account for the majority of emissions if shipping activity is taken into account.74The methodology for measuring the GHG emission data in ports has not yet been standardized internationally.For example,questions remain as to the definition and scope of port activities in GHG emissions acco

169、unting and whether freight transport should be included.Shipping is a significant emitter.International shipping would be the sixth largest emitter of CO2 if it were considered a country.Therefore,a unified standard for GHG emissions reporting across the sector remains challenging.The IMO defines po

170、rt boundaries as starting from the point at which a ship slows down while approaching from the high seas.75 The European Federation for Transport and Environment(T&E)quantifies ports GHG emissions from activities by ships at berth,including loading,unloading orrefuelling activities.For example,T&E c

171、oncluded that the Port of Rotterdam emits 13.7 million tons ofCO2 annually,while the Port of Antwerp emits 7.4million tons.It is worth noting that transport through ports remains the most efficient compared to alternatives like air and road transport,based on its relatively low energy consumption an

172、d GHG emissions per unit of carrying capacity.While the direct GHG emissions from port operations are relatively low,the efficiency of port operations has significant effects on the amount of GHG emissions from ships.Without efficient operation and good connections with a downstream transport networ

173、k,delays of ships and cargo in the port can cause indirect GHG emissions.A unified standard for GHG emissions reporting across the sector remains challenging.Nature Positive:Role of the Port Sector212.5 Invasive speciesDue to their role in connecting countries and continents by cargo and passenger t

174、ransport,ports elevate the risk of invasive species proliferation.It is estimated that more than 80%of the worlds marine ecoregions are affected by at least one harmful invasive species.78 They compete with local species for nutrients and living space and reduce local biodiversity.A 2020 study of gl

175、obal shipping and its effects on biological invasion projected that in the following 30 years,the risk of marine biological invasion will increase by a factor of 3 to 20.79Invasive species arrive in ports mostly through threechannels:Ballast water:80 Plankton,microorganisms,bacteria and even small f

176、ish,as well as eggs,larvae or spores of various species,are pumped into ballast tanks and may be released into new environments as ships arrive in destination ports.For example,zebra mussels entered North America through ballast water and caused significant economic loss.81 Biofouling:Algae,microorg

177、anisms,mussels,barnacles,etc.,can attach to hull surfaces,as well as to propellers,rudders and compartments submerged in the sea.These species can follow the ships into new environments and colonize.82 Studies have revealed over 2,000 common marine fouling species,which can increase the weight and r

178、esistance of the ship and result in unnecessary fuel consumption.83 The use of anti-fouling paints on ships and terminals can provide a degree of protection against attachment,decay and fouling of those marine organisms.However,care must be taken to ensure that anti-fouling paints used are environme

179、ntally safeto avoid toxicity to other organisms.Cargo carried:Invasive animals,insects and plants arrive in new environments with cargo such as containers,logs and grain.They can bereleased to new environments during loading,unloading and storage if no screening or decontamination is conducted.They

180、may also carry pathogens,84 causing invasive species and plague transmission risks.In the following 30 years,the risk ofmarine biological invasion will increase by a factorof 3 to 20.2.4 PollutionWith the promulgation of relevant conventions and regulations by international organizations and governm

181、ents and the increasing awareness of nature conservation within the port sector,progress has been made to mitigate pollution in and around ports.However,more needs to be done to improve pollution prevention and mitigation.Pollution in ports comes from a variety of sources,including water,air,solid,s

182、oil,noise and light pollution from the construction and operation of the port itself,as well as pollution due to incidents,such as oil and dangerous chemical spills.Water pollution:This is typically pollution from fuel-powering ships and oil carried as cargo.These pollutants can be spilt because of

183、ship collisions,groundings,and improper loading,unloading and storage.In addition,dangerous chemicals carried by ships,raw sewage and domestic waste can pollute the port and surrounding water bodies.Air pollution:This is typically generated from a wide range of sources,including fuel-powered cargo h

184、andling equipment,ships,port vessels,trucks,railroad locomotives,passenger vehicles,power supply,etc.In addition to CO2,nitrogen oxides(NOx),sulfur oxides(SOx),methane(CH4),and particulate matter(PM)are also important sources of air pollution in port areas.76 Noise pollution:This is generated by the

185、 operation of ships,transport vehicles and large machinery,including equipment loading and unloading.Irregular and high-decibel noise canaffect surrounding residents and animals.Light pollution:This is caused by intensive illumination from construction activities,berthed ships,port operations,etc.Se

186、vere light pollution can disturb surrounding animals foraging,breeding and migration,leading to disorientation and altered behavioural patterns.Soil contamination:Soil mixing caused by theports construction and maintenance results in chemical changes in the soil.Additional soil contamination may occ

187、ur from waste andthedredging process required to maintain thewaterways.Solid waste:Port operations generate solid waste from different types of port activities,including glass,metals,plastics,wastepaper,wood,rubber,leather,etc.When offshore structures and ships reach the end of their productive life

188、,they must be decommissioned and dismantled,recycled or disposed of.It is a complex and,inmany cases,hazardous business.77Nature Positive:Role of the Port Sector22Five priority actions3By taking five priority actions on nature,the sector can unlock over$54 billion invalue by 2030.Nature Positive:Rol

189、e of the Port Sector23Considering the impacts and dependencies the port sector has on nature,a transition towards a nature-positive future is critical.Acknowledging the existing efforts businesses in the port sector have already made through extensive analysis and consultations,this report has ident

190、ified five priority actions(see Figure 7)and calls for wider implementation to accelerate this transition:Sensitively plan port areas to minimize impacts on nature Enhance the use of clean energy,sustainable materials,and advanced equipment and operating systems Improve prevention and mitigation cap

191、acity against pollution and invasive species Promote a circular economy and catalyse cross-sector collaboration in regulation,financeand innovation Actively protect and restore nature Given that the port sectors impacts and dependencies are reflected to varying degrees across the entire value chain,

192、these priority actions call for businesses to actively engage with stakeholders,including government departments,engineering and construction firms,shipping companies,transport companies and industry peersto jointly facilitate the nature-positive transition ofthe value chain.A joint effort from stak

193、eholders across the entire value chain is needed to incorporate the just transition and efforts to socially equitable outcomes.While some of these actions have already been adopted by leading businesses,this report calls for accelerated efforts inmore countries and regions at a greater scale.Five pr

194、iority actions for the port sectorFIGURE 7Five priority actions for the port sector23415Enhance the use of clean energy,sustainable materials and advanced equipment and operating systemsSensitively plan port areas to minimize impacts on natureImprove prevention and mitigation capacity against pollut

195、ion and invasive speciesPromote a circular economy and catalyse cross-sector collaboration in regulation,finance and innovationActively protect and restore nature While some of these actions have already been adopted by leading businesses,this report calls for accelerated efforts in more countries a

196、nd regions at agreater scale.Nature Positive:Role of the Port Sector24The nature-positive transition can also present enormous opportunities for companies in this sector.The Forums 2020 Future of Nature and Business report estimated that a full nature-positive transition in the global economy could

197、create$10.1 trillion of annual business opportunities by 2030.Of this amount,estimates show that undertaking the priority actions for the port sector could unlock more than$54 billion in cost savings and revenue upside by 2030 for businesses operating across the sectors value chain(see Figure 8 and

198、Table 3).However,estimates indicate the value associated with this transition could exceed the total valued opportunity,as the sizing approach did not cover the entire set of business opportunities that present themselves for the sector.Business opportunities for the port sector by 2030($,billion)FI

199、GURE 8Promote a circular economy and catalyse cross-sector collaboration in regulation,finance and innovationActively protect and restore natureImprove prevention and mitigation capacity against pollution and species invasionEnhance the useof clean energy,sustainable materials,and advanced equipment

200、 and operating systemsSensitively plan port areas to minimize impacts on natureTotal46.854.502.205.525Nature Positive:Role of the Port SectorTo calculate the opportunity summarized in the waterfall in Figure 8,the following opportunities from the Future of Nature and Business report were identified

201、as relevant(see Table 3).Further information on the calculation methodology can be found in the Appendix.Taking these five priority actions across direct operations and the wider value chain will help companies in the sector avoid or reduce the four drivers of biodiversity loss(land/water/sea use ch

202、ange,GHG emissions,pollution and invasive species)across the four nature realms(land,ocean,freshwater and atmosphere),mitigate risks to operations and unlock commercial opportunities.These actions will also contribute to the targets of the Global Biodiversity Framework,which aims tohalt and reverse

203、biodiversity loss by 2030(seeTable 4).Priority action Business opportunity from Future of Nature and Business reportOriginal size in Future of Nature and Business report($billion)Adjustment factor to size share of the port sector Opportunity size for the port sector ($billion)1 Sensitively plan port

204、 area to minimize impacts on naturePorts sector share of global GDP:2.60%2 Enhance the use of clean energy,sustainable materials,andadvanced equipment andsystemsEnergy efficiency buildings82521.44Wastewater reuse501.30Sustainable infrastructure financing2957.67Green long-range transport2205.72Fourth

205、 Industrial Revolution-enabled long-distance transport751.92Energy efficiency-non-energy intensive sectors*3378.743 Improve prevention and mitigation capacity against pollution and invasive species4 Promote circular economy and catalyse cross-sector collaboration in regulation,finance and innovation

206、End-use steel efficiency2105.465 Actively protect and restore natureNature climate solutions852.21Deep-dive on business opportunities for the port sectorTABLE 3*Additional opportunity beyond Future of Nature and Business report analysis.Nature Positive:Role of the Port Sector26Selected targets from

207、Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework(non-exhaustive)1 Plan and manage all areas to reduce biodiversity loss2Restore 30%of all degraded ecosystems3 Conserve 30%of land,waters and seas6 Reduce the introduction of invasive alien species by 50%and minimize their impact7 Reduce pollution to lev

208、els that are not harmful to biodiversity8Minimize the impacts of climate change on biodiversity and build resilience12Enhance green spaces and urban planning for human well-being and biodiversity14 Integrate biodiversity in decision-making at everylevel15 Businesses to assess,disclose and reduce bio

209、diversity-related risks and negative impacts19 Mobilize$200 billion per year for biodiversity from all sources,including$30 billion through international finance 20 Strengthen capacity building,technology transfer,and scientific and technical cooperation for biodiversity Indirect contribution Direct

210、 contribution1 Sensitively plan port area to minimize impacts on nature2 Enhance the use of clean energy,sustainable materials,and advanced equipment and operatingsystems3 Improve prevention and mitigation capacity against pollution and invasive species4 Promote a circular economy and catalyse cross

211、-sector collaboration in regulation,finance and innovation5 Actively protect and restore natureMapping of five priority actions to GBF frameworkTABLE 4For each action,companies should also set measurable and time-bound targets and report against the progress regularly to increase their accountabilit

212、y(see Chapter 4 for more details).Nature Positive:Role of the Port Sector27Companies should follow the mitigation hierarchy at the site level,in a landscape context,taking into consideration direct,indirect and cumulative impacts.They should first avoid impacts,then reduce impacts,restore,and finall

213、y compensate85 for unavoidable residual impacts.86,87,88,89,90 Mitigation efforts should align with an NNL or BNG goal foreach project.91 Making the most of limited port space to maximize port value chain efficiency and minimize impacts on nature requires both businesses and government to actively c

214、ontribute to a nature-positive transition through careful planning.The concepts of nature conservation and biodiversity protection should be integrated into all stages of the port life cycle,including planning,construction,upgrading and decommissioning.Ports should be planned in an integrated and co

215、ordinated way,with an aim to simultaneously meet business and operational needs and minimize impacts and dependencies on nature.The port sector is encouraged to minimize impacts and dependencies by striving to:Avoid operating within areas of high biodiversity value to minimize impacts onnatural ecos

216、ystems.Ports and businesses across the entire value chain should avoid construction and operations within areas of high biodiversity value,such as KeyBiodiversity Areas and Marine Protected Areas.Shipping channels need to be carefully planned to minimize impacts on local species habitats from freque

217、nt ship movement and maintenance dredging.Overland structures should also consider their impacts on bird migration.Plan and integrate port infrastructure and facilities sensitively to minimize land/water/sea use change.Port infrastructure and facilities occupy large areas of natural land,coastline,w

218、ater and sea.When planning a new port,developers should consider,wherever possible,making use of existing developed space to avoid land-use change.During redevelopment,infrastructure and facilities should be integrated,and the planning should consider potential additional space for clean energy faci

219、lities,if applicable,such as solar panels,wind turbines and energy storage facilities.If,due to historical reasons,the existence of a traditional port continuously has an impact on the Indigenous Peoples and the local environment,consideration can also be given to returning the land and finding anew

220、 suitable location for the port.Further actions port developers can take to ensure nature-positive goals are considered in port planning:The port area should be adapted to local coastal conditions to minimize the amount ofland/water/sea use change.3.1 Sensitively plan port area to minimize impacts o

221、n naturePriority action 1 The concepts of nature conservation and biodiversity protection should be integrated into all stages of the port life cycle,including planning,construction,upgrading and decommissioning.Nature Positive:Role of the Port Sector28 The ports spatial arrangement should match the

222、 zoning of its different functions and optimize space use and connectivity between sections.Planning should fully consider nature.Natural conditions such as natural bays and deep troughs should be used to efficiently lay out wharves,harbour pools,fairways and anchorages to reduce the amount of const

223、ruction work in the early stages and dredging and maintenance in later stages.Planning needs to consider the space for cleanenergy facilities,such as wind turbines and fundamentals.Make use of vertical space to accommodate facilities,such as air rail container transport andsolar panels.Plan ports in

224、 an integrated,coordinated way with upstream and downstream value chains,including efficient multi-modal transport networks,intensive industrial zoning,concentrated supply chains,etc.Across the value chain,ports should implement thefollowing actions to minimize land/water/sea use change:Position ups

225、tream and downstream industries in proximity to ports to optimize supply chain transport efficiency.Plan container,liquid and dry bulk cargo terminals to coordinate inbound rail,waterway and pipeline connections.Develop inland ports with direct and frequent connections to optimize cargo distribution

226、.Ensure moderate separation between port transport collection and evacuation network from urban transport while arranging transition and buffer zones between ports and cities.Coordinate planning with external utilities services,such as power supply,waste management,wastewater treatment and watersupp

227、ly.Coordinate port planning and functions with other ports in the region to maximize efficiencies.Integrating sustainable practices throughout the supply chain involves using advanced technologies and data analytics to optimize logistics,reduce emissions and minimize waste.By facilitating collaborat

228、ion among stakeholders,including shipping companies,local communities and environmental organizations,ports can implement initiatives that promote biodiversity,restore natural habitats and support local ecosystems.Ultimately,the goal is to shift towards a nature-positive port model that balances eco

229、nomic growth with ecological preservation,ensuring that port activities contribute positively tothe environment.Ports are also encouraged to use nature-based solutions and green infrastructure to provide disaster reduction services,particularly for river and coastal flooding and sediment/erosion con

230、trol,which increases the need for dredging.All ports should evaluate opportunities to use these strategies to offset built infrastructure needs andimprove performance.Ports are encouraged to use nature-based solutions and green infrastructure to provide disaster reduction services.DP World London Ga

231、teway Port and its Logistics Hub provide a good example of how effective planning can successfully integrate measures into the master planning to minimize impacts on nature and enhance the environment,including:Rehabilitation of a former oil refinery site,including remediation of soils and groundwat

232、er.Construction of 3.4 km of open surface water drainage corridors and balancing ponds that are integrated into the landscaping strategy and design for the Logistics Park.These corridors provide important drainage infrastructure for the operations and habitats of a wide range of species,including pr

233、otected and endangered water voles.This is a good example of working with nature to achieve engineering needs.Designation of DP World-owned land surrounding the operational areas as mitigation land provides over 80 hectares of habitat,including more than 50 ponds for the protected great crested newt

234、.This also provides a green habitat corridor surrounding the development.To offset impacts associated with the port development,two locations were established for the construction of new intertidal wetland(mudflat)habitat through managed realignment of existing flood defences.Thesehave been successf

235、ully implemented and monitored for several years,providing more than 80 hectares of important intertidal habitat for overwintering water birds and other species,together with additional land areas providing habitat that isenhanced through successful management strategies.CASE STUDY 1DP World London

236、Gateway Port and Logistics HubNature Positive:Role of the Port Sector29The sustainable transformation of energy,materials,equipment and operating systems is an important action not only to contribute to a nature-positive transition but also to reduce energy use and improve operational efficiency,the

237、reby reducing costs and enhancing ports competitiveness.In alignment with the IMO strategy to eliminate GHGemissions within this century,a nature-positive port should strive to become zero-emission.This ambitious goal involves adopting innovative technologies,sustainable practices and eco-friendlyop

238、erations to minimize environmental impact,ultimately contributing to a cleaner and healthier planet.Ports should optimize their energy portfolio by increasing the use of clean energy sources such as renewable electricity or by installing wind turbines,solar panels,geothermal energy solutions and tid

239、al energy facilities within the port area where appropriate and feasible.Concurrently,it is essential to introduce and adopt advanced energy management solutions(e.g.smart grid management systems)alongside battery storage systems.For example,with the container terminals,PSA International aims to pro

240、gressively transition all diesel-based container handling equipment to cleaner energy sources through electrification as well as low or zero-carbon sources,like hydrogen.Within the wider port value chain,ships account for a significant share of GHG emissions.Many shipping companies have taken action

241、s to promote the research,development and deployment of low-or zero-emission marine fuels and advanced propulsion technologies.To mitigate pollution and GHG emissions and to reduce fossil fuel dependency,ports should also improve or retrofit storage and refilling facilities to accommodate increasing

242、 quantities of green alternative fuels needed for green shipping,including methanol,hydrogen and ammonia.They should also invest inthe use of shore power for ships in port.3.2 Enhance the use of clean energy,sustainable materials and advanced equipment and operating systemsPriority action 2Shore pow

243、er refers to a way of supplying electricity to ships from the onshore grid when the ship is moored at port.Compared with the traditional ship generator power supply method,the use of shore power has the advantages of pollution reduction,energy savings,noise reduction and reduced maintenance costs.Sh

244、ore power can also effectively reduce fuel consumption when ships are at berth,thereby reducing GHG emissions,including carbon oxides,NOx,SOx and soot.Shore power isbeing implemented globally at an increasing speed to ports and different types of ships.The use of shore power requires ports,shipping

245、companies and power suppliers to work together on building and maintaining infrastructure to ensure aclean and reliable power supply tothe ships.As a smart zero-carbon terminal,Tianjin Port Second Container Terminal is powered by a wind power and storage integration system,using 100%electric power,1

246、00%green power and 100%green power self-sufficiency,realizing the carbon neutrality of the companys production and operation.The terminal is supported by green power,which includes three fixed shore power units and one 440-volt low-voltage mobileshore power unit,allowing up to three ships to connect

247、 simultaneously.With a maximum shore power capacity of 6,000 kVA(kilo-volt-amperes),these green shore power units help significantly reduce ship emissions,enhance the ports overall energy efficiency and improve itsenvironmental sustainability.CASE STUDY 2Tianjin Port In alignment with the IMO strate

248、gy to eliminate GHG emissions within this century,a nature-positive port should strive to become zero-emission.Over the past few decades,container ships haveexperienced rapid growth,with their average capacity doubling in just one decade.The largest container ship currently in operation can carry 24

249、,346 TEUs.As the shipping industry continues to evolve,ports are increasingly embracing the handling of megaships.Modernizing port infrastructure to support these mega-vessels presents an opportunity for integrating sustainable practices that mitigate environmental impact.Automation is becoming more

250、 prevalent:for example,Qingdao Port has established a fully automated container terminal as the worlds first“hydrogen+5G”smart green terminal,achieving unmanned operations throughout the entire loading and unloading process with a maximum efficiency of60.2 TEU per hour.92Nature Positive:Role of the

251、Port Sector30The International Atomic Energy Agency is currently looking at the potential applications of small modular reactors(SMRs)for floating power plants and marine propulsion systems.This technology is on the cusp of being deployed on ships today,and it holds promise for contributing to the f

252、uture energy mix within the maritime sector.93Ports should prioritize the use of advanced equipment powered by electricity or other alternative fuels to reduce pollution and GHG emissions and gradually replace ageing and carbon-intensive equipment.Along with advanced equipments improvement in operat

253、ional efficiency and ports growing capacity in clean power generation,impacts on nature can be minimized in value chain mid-stream operational activities.Ports can promote theuse of the following advanced equipment:electric container cranes,hybrid tugs,clean energy vehicles(trucks,passenger vehicles

254、,towing vehicles,etc.),charging posts,wind and solar-powered streetlights,remote excavators,and autonomous vehicles.Adopting energy-saving and environmentally friendly materials in port construction and operation can contribute to the nature-positive transition byreducing energy consumption,waste po

255、llution and natural resource use.Sustainable materials have additional benefits,including lowering operating costs,improving port profitability,enhancing publicimage and improving the workingenvironment of employees.Theselection of materials should consider characteristics such as wear and tear,dura

256、bility,recycling,degradability,etc.Ports can adopt the optimal use ofmaterials inthe following ways:Adopt degradable materials.Use materials that can be recycled at their disposal.Consider life cycle cost and emissions inmaterial selection.Procure locally sourced materials to minimize supply chain d

257、istance.Use recycled materials(e.g.from the demolition of existing projects).Treat wasted materials to meet environmental,health and safety standards.Select environmentally friendly materials that areharmless to humans and ecosystems.Optimize the design of material use while ensuring structural safe

258、ty and durability.To reduce dependencies on freshwater use in operations,ports should save and recycle freshwater to the maximum extent with advanced equipment and systems.In addition to civil water supply,ports can use other water sources,such as surface water,seawater desalination,water,reclaimed

259、water,rainwater,etc.The following actions can be adopted by ports to improve their dependency on nature:Adopt water-saving appliances and implement water-saving systems to reduce water demand.Design water supply systems by zoning and use,separated based on quality and pressure.Build and upgrade rain

260、water and sewage collection and treatment systems to collect and treat water,which can then be used for operation activities such as watering green areas in the harbour,washing equipment and removing dust in dry bulk cargo yards with mist-spraying systems.should be between 100 and 175 characters lik

261、e this one,and should come directly from the text on the related page,should be between 100 and 175 characters.Nature Positive:Role of the Port Sector31With almost 40%of the worlds population living within 100 km of the coast,94 pollution in ports has direct impacts on natural ecosystems,human healt

262、h,fishery resources and tourism.Ports should optimize their operations and implement advanced technologies to prevent and mitigate at least the following pollutants:wastewater(from ships,equipment and operations),dust,exhaust,solid waste,noise and light.Ports should formulate and implement emergency

263、 response plans to address incidents,including oil and chemical spills.In this process,it is essential to consider anchorages located outside the ports.Emergency response forces must be adequately trained and stationed in close proximity to large-scale oil and hazardous chemical warehouses,as well a

264、s liquid bulk cargo terminals,to ensure pollutants can be managed swiftly and effectively inthe event of an incident.Ports should improve monitoring systems of the following items to ensure their impacts on nature have been controlled and minimized,as well as to identify incidents when happening:Sea

265、water:Equip shore-based automatic monitoring microstations with a marine water environment intelligence monitoring system to conduct real-time monitoring of water quality.Air:Construct air quality microstations and online monitoring equipment for volatile organiccompounds.Wastewater:Use a monitoring

266、 system to ensure any wastewater meets compliancerequirements before discharging tocivil pipework.Hazardous waste:Identify existing storage facilities for hazardous wastes,monitor storage warehouses,and ensure proper procedures at disposal sites and while leaving ports.Biodiversity levels:Set up und

267、erwater cameras,acoustic surveys and eDNA programmes to monitor biodiversity.Ports should regulate and standardize the prevention and control of invasive species through the following actions:Strengthen monitoring:Establish a comprehensive species invasion monitoring network,regularly monitor the wa

268、ters and facilities around ports,and promptly mitigate species invasion.Strengthen ship quarantine and disinfection:Ensure proper treatment of ships entering and leaving ports to prevent the spread of invasive organisms and reduce the risk of biodiversity loss.Formulate and improve relevant regulati

269、ons and standards:Clarify the responsibilities and obligations of port departments and ship operating units to prevent and control species invasion in ports.Improve international collaboration:Collaborate with international organizations and other countries to jointly control transboundary species i

270、nvasion and promote the development of global standards.3.3 Improve the prevention and mitigation capacity against pollution and invasive speciesPriority action 3 Pollution in ports has direct impacts on natural ecosystems,human health,fishery resources and tourism.32Nature Positive:Role of the Port

271、 SectorAs more and more vessels begin running on new zero-and near-zero-emission fuels such as methanol and ammonia,it is important for ports to develop emergency response planning to ensure safe bunkering of these fuels.The Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore(MPA),together with industry partne

272、rs and institutes of higher learning,has carried out several methanol bunkering exercises and trials involving an ammonia-fuelled vessel since 2023 in the Port of Singapore.This includes:1)the ship-to-containership methanol bunkering operation for the Laura Maersk on 27 July 2023,2)the ship-to-ship

273、methanol bunkering operation for Stena Prosperous on 24 May 2024,3)the simultaneous methanol bunkering and cargo operation(SIMOPS)on 27 May 2024 forEco Maestro,and 4)two dual-fuelled ammonia fuel trials in Marchand May 2024 involving the Fortescue Green Pioneer.In preparation for these operations,MP

274、A organized:1)Hazard IdentificationStudy(HAZID)and Hazards and Operability Study(HAZOP)workshops to develop prevention,control and mitigation methods,and 2)table-top exercises to review existing safety measures and standards,identify potential gaps and new safeguards as well as strengthen cross-agen

275、cy coordination for an effective response to any incidents.During the operations,MPA also ensured that safety and emergency response measures were implemented by:Establishing a safety zone Positioning response vessels and customising firefighting programmes for all relevant stakeholders involved Wor

276、king with various research organizations and institutions to conduct environmental,metocean and safety risk modelling Developing a plume model and deploying drones equipped with sensors and infrared camerasCASE STUDY 3Maritime and Port Authority of SingaporeThe port sector is encouraged to commit to

277、 circular business models,maximizing material recycling and building efficient supply chains to scale its contribution to a nature-positive transition.The circular model,which abandons the traditional linear take/make/waste approach,can reduce the overall inputs of raw materials into the supply chai

278、n.It is also advantageous to increase productivity,reduce impacts on nature from waste and pollution,and significantly reduce dependency on natural resources.Recycled materials can be supplied to out-of-value-chain industries,such as construction.Integrated planning of industrial areas,as detailed i

279、npriority action 1,can further unlock the potential of the circular economy.Businesses should enhance their cross-sectoral collaboration in the following areas to achieve common goals and accelerate the nature-positive transition:3.4 Promote a circular economy and catalyse cross-sector collaboration

280、 inregulation,finance and innovationPriority action 4Nature Positive:Role of the Port Sector33Since 2019,the Port of Dunkirk and the Greater Dunkirk Urban Council,in collaboration with industrial stakeholders and academic institutions,have embarked on a collective initiative aimed at facilitating su

281、stainable transformation across the region.This endeavour has led to the establishment of a shared organization known as cosystmeD,which is dedicated to guiding and executing a decarbonization roadmap while initiating,facilitating and coordinating technological solutions and individual as well as co

282、llective transformation projects.In close partnership with port authorities and collaborative organizations,cosystmeD has focused on developing large-scale collective infrastructures within the port area:The existing industrial water network already the largest in France will be expanded through the

283、 use of non-conventional water sources from canals.Additionally,new resources,such as effluent from urban wastewater treatment facilities,will be integrated.Enhanced circularity among industries for water reuse will also be promoted.A shared CO2 pipeline network will be developed to capture emission

284、s from industrial plants for either permanent storage(CCS)or repurposing(carbon captureand use).An“industrial heat superhighway”will be established torecover waste heat from neighbouring industrial facilities.This superhighway will extend Frances first urban heat network.Collaborative efforts are fu

285、rther highlighted by strengthened partnerships among industrial companies facilitated by expert groups organized by cosystmeD.Discussions onemerging technologies,innovative processes,co-benefits and business-to-business(B2B)exchanges have become standard practice.CASE STUDY 4cosystmeDThe port sector

286、 can collaborate with other sectors in joint policy asks to seek political support from higher levels in promoting nature-positive transition.Businesses can collaborate to set industry standards and regulations,standardizing port operations to reduce their impacts on nature.Ports can collaborate in

287、launching and contributing to nature-related initiatives.For example,according to the Global Maritime Forum,44 green shipping corridor initiatives were already set up by the end of2023.95 Ports can engage with investors to develop finance mechanisms to enable a nature-positive transition.The Sustain

288、able Blue Economy Finance Initiative hosted by the United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative(UNEP-FI)has developed a guide to help financial institutions identify the impacts,risks and opportunities in several marine sectors,including a chapter that covers ports.96 Collaboration in tec

289、hnological innovation withinand outside the port sector has the potential to accelerate the implementation ofother priority actions.From the perspective of ports as industrial and energy hubs,they would be able to play a larger and more innovative role in creating industrial clusters to develop/prod

290、uce new circular materials with a focus on waste valorization.It is worth noticing that there are differentiated needs between ports inthe global north versus the global south,which isparticularly important when discussing finance and technology needs/support.Businesses should enhance their cross-se

291、ctoral collaboration to achieve common goals and accelerate the nature-positive transition.Nature Positive:Role of the Port Sector34The Port of Antwerp-Bruges strives to achieve a balance between economic growth and consideration for nature.To protect and manage the nature reserves,it has been worki

292、ng with Natuurpunt,the largest nature conservation organization in Belgium,in the Antwerp port area since 2001.As part of the“Port of Antwerp more natural”project,Natuurpunt and Port of Antwerp-Bruges are also working to strengthen the ecological infrastructure in the port area without hindering the

293、 development of economic activity.Examples include establishing habitat areas for the natterjack toad,constructing a fish spawning area,establishing nesting sites for sand martins and many other actions for a wide range of different species.Its 2014-2019 species protection programme set out measures

294、 for the conservation of 14 species,which resulted in 111 different projects.Some projects also took place in collaboration with private companies in the port.A new species protection programme has been drafted for the 2022-2027 period.CASE STUDY 5“Port of Antwerp more natural”projectPorts and surro

295、unding natural ecosystems can beeffectively enhanced by actively conducting the following actions:Protecting and sustainably managing habitat areas:for example,conservation of fish spawning areas and nesting sites and establishment of artificial reefs.Improving green coverage:for example,reforesting

296、 unused land,establishing buffer zones around the perimeter of the port filled with native vegetation to act as a natural barrier against noise and water pollution,andimplementing green roofs on buildings.Enriching vegetation types:for example,planting drought-resistant plants to reduce water use fo

297、r irrigation,stabilize soil and preventerosion.Improving soil structure:for example,adding organic soil amendments like compost,biochar orprocessed sludge to increase the soils ability toretain moisture and nutrients.97 Restoring degraded land:for example,reforestation,planting native vegetation,res

298、toring wetlands,transforming degraded land into buffer zones,planting sand-binding vegetation,etc.Protecting natural coastline:for example,managing sediment buildup and erosion through careful dredging practices and creating living shorelines.98Businesses in the sector can also take part in compensa

299、ting conservation and restoration activities such as marine species protection,mangroves planting,mudflats and seagrass beds conservation.3.5 Actively protect and restore naturePriority action 5Nature Positive:Role of the Port Sector35It is important to note that there are certain cases where compen

300、sation is not appropriate and should not be used.In addition,companies are also encouraged to contribute to systems-wide conservation and restoration within and beyond their own value chains,99 and target investments towards contributing to government targets under their National Biodiversity Strate

301、gies and Action Plans(NBSAPs).This includes investing in credible and effective nature-based solutions(through place-based conservation and restoration or landscape and jurisdictional approaches),and partnering with environmental NGOs,local governments,Indigenous Peoples and other local communities,

302、such as through the World Economic Forums 1t.org initiative.As supporting guidance,companies can refer to the Global Standard for Nature-based Solutions published by IUCN,which proposes eight criteria and 28 indicators to deliver results that are“environmentally sound,socially just and economically

303、feasible”.Invest in innovative biodiversity financing mechanismsA 2020 report estimated an average global biodiversity financing gap of$711 billion per year required for the protection,restoration and enhancement of nature,100 where the private sector has a key role to play in helping bridge this ga

304、p by investing in a nature-positive transition.Target 19 of the Global Biodiversity Framework proposes several innovative ways to mobilize public-and private-sector resources.For example,companies could consider investing in payment for ecosystem services,green or blue bonds,nature restoration funds

305、 and voluntary biodiversity certificates or credit markets.101 Through careful assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of available products,companies can contribute to meaningful long-term biodiversity conservation that is aligned with both their internal values and targets as well as nation

306、al objectives.The Forum has published a Private Sector Roadmap to Finance and Act on Nature.Companies are encouraged to contribute to systems-wide conservation and restoration within and beyond their own value chains.Nature Positive:Role of the Port Sector36Get started4The imperatives to tackle carb

307、on emissions and nature loss are interdependent.Companies should integrate their nature-positive and net-zero strategies.Nature Positive:Role of the Port Sector37Assessing organizational readiness and maturity can help a company understand its performance on the nature-positive journey and identify

308、the most suitable guidance and tools to drive action.Table 5 details recommended actions to deliver a nature-positive strategy mapped to an organizations level of readiness and maturity.4.1 Align strategy with organizational maturityWhile many companies in the port sector have already embarked on th

309、e nature journey and embraced the five priority actions,making transformative changes to business models by 2030 demands significant time and resource investments from companies.Delivering net-zero emissions and tackling nature loss are highly interdependent goals.Climate change is a main driver of

310、biodiversity loss,and efforts to tackle climate change cannot succeed without safeguarding nature.Therefore,the nature-positive transition aligns closely with companies net-zero commitments and should be integrated into their climate transition plans.Likewise,companies should ensure that social obje

311、ctives are integrated for a just and equitable nature-positive transition.Guidance is emerging on how to develop nature transition plans or adapt net-zero transition plans toinclude nature and biodiversity commitments andobjectives,supported by several institutions.For example:Its Now for Natures Na

312、ture Strategy Handbook is a practical guide to support businesses across sectors in developing a nature strategy.TNFD will publish new guidance in 2025 on recommendations for nature transition plans for real-economy companies and financial institutions.This document was launched for public consultat

313、ion in October 2024.CDP and WWF are developing transition planning recommendations,including practical guidance on tools and methodology.Glasgow Financial Alliance for Net Zero(GFANZ)has published a framework for net-zero transition planning for financial institutions and will release guidance on in

314、tegrating nature into these plans in early 2025.102 This document was launched for public consultation in October2024.Making transformative changes to business models by 2030 demands significant time and resource investments fromcompanies.”Mapping the components of a nature-positive strategy against

315、 organizational maturityTABLE 5Components of a nature-positive strategyOrganizational maturityStarting and developingAdvanced and leadingSummary Identify nature-related issues.Set a high-level ambition and/or targets for nature.Present stand-alone actions on nature.Integrate nature into strategy and

316、 governance.Assess impacts and dependencies for all potentially relevant realms.Set measurable and science-based targets for nature.Implement strategic action,redefine industry business models and mobilize the whole value chain.Foundations Employ sectoral averages for high-level screening to discern

317、 priority effects on nature.Use secondary data for materiality assessments to gauge priority impacts and nature dependencies,considering factors like environmental pollution.Use tools and guidance such as ENCORE,103 SBTNs guidance for businesses,Aqueduct from WRI,104 TNFDs upcoming transition planni

318、ng guidance,WWFs biodiversity risk filter and water risk filter,105 UNEP-FIs report on high-risk sectors106 and the Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool(IBAT).107 Refine materiality assessment by measuring impacts and dependencies on nature using primary operations data and environmental indicato

319、rs,and undertake an in-depth analysis of significant risks and opportunities,understanding their influence onfinancial statements.Maintain a comprehensive grasp of organizational resilience with an actionable plan for managing nature risks and opportunities.Perform thorough valuations of all priorit

320、y areas,considering trade-offs,using value chain data andrecognizing the mutual benefits for business andsociety.Use tools and guidance such as ENCORE,SBTNs step 1 assess,step 2 prioritize and TNFDs LEAP approach,Aqueduct from WRI,WWFs biodiversity risk filter and water risk filter,UNEP-FIs report o

321、n high-risk sectors and the IBATNature Positive:Role of the Port Sector38Components of a nature-positive strategyOrganizational maturityStarting and developingAdvanced and leadingImplementation strategy and engagement strategy Develop sustainable procurement policies with suppliers that have nature-

322、focused elements.Prioritize actions to avoid and reduce negative impacts in the companys direct operations and upstream supply chain.Implement initial traceability for primary suppliers.Be aware of NBSAPs and recognize the interdependence of nature and climate in advocacyefforts.Adopt a circular str

323、ategy and embrace regenerative principles by linking capital to nature-positive outcomes and by involving all stakeholders,including employees,clients and customers.Establish advanced traceability for key materials and ensure supplier alignment,expand traceability throughout product life cycle and e

324、ncourage innovative supplier collaborations.Engage actively in NBSAPs,champion nature-positive outcomes and advocate for integrated reforms benefiting nature,climate and society.Metrics and targets Set nature-positive goals on a timeline using the SMART(specific,measurable,achievable,relevant and ti

325、me-bound)approach.Validate commitments using third-party stakeholders.Detail and report on targets for nature-related risks and opportunities based on TNFDs Recommendations.108 Prepare for science-based targets on land and freshwater by using SBTNs step 3 set targets.Governance Assign a management m

326、ember for nature-based risks,ideally overseeing both climate and nature.Incorporate nature into environmental risk management,especially within enterprise risk management(ERM),environmental,social and governance(ESG)and sustainability teams.Train governance roles on the connection between nature and

327、 wider ESG risks.Ensure board or senior management ownership ofnature actions.Tie performance on nature and climate to leadershipincentives.Set up governance structures for managing,reporting and overseeing nature-based risks and actions on nature across the organization,including informing relevant

328、 board-level committees.Mapping the components of a nature-positive strategy against organizational maturity(continued)TABLE 5Nature Positive:Role of the Port Sector39Companies need to track and publicly report ontheir actions against relevant metrics to strengthen their credibility and ensure they

329、deliver an effective transition.TNFDs LEAP approachTNFD offers sector-specific and sector-agnostic guidance on metrics,which should be a first port ofcall.A good place to start within TNFDs resources is the Guidance for corporates on science-based targets for nature,published jointly by TNFD and SBT

330、N.109 TNFD differentiates between assessment metrics and disclosure metricsalong the four phases of the LEAP approach110(seeFigure9):Locate interface with nature Evaluate dependencies and impacts Assess material risks and opportunities Prepare to respond and report4.2 A deeper look at metrics to sup

331、port decision-making Types of metrics in TNFDs LEAP approachFIGURE 9Locateinterface with natureEvaluatedependencies and impacts on natureAssessmaterial risks and opportuntiesPrepareto respond and reportAssessment metricsTypes ofmetricsLEAPapproachDisclosure metricsLocationprioritization metrics Ecos

332、ystem integrity Biodiversity importance Physical water risks Other corporate dataImpact and dependency metrics Impact drivers State of nature Ecosystem services/dependenciesRisk and opportunity metrics Physical risks Transition risks Systemic risks Nature-related opportunitiesResponse metrics Govern

333、ance Strategy Management actionsDisclosure metrics Core global metrics Core sector metrics Additional metricsGuidance on nature measurability is fast developing:The Capital Coalitions Align Project has issueda suite of publications on measuring andvaluing biodiversity.111 CSRD,Global Reporting Initiative(GRI)and TNFDs disclosures are organized around a series of metrics that can be used to anchor