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1、Nature Positive:Role of the Offshore Wind SectorI N S I G H T R E P O R TJ A N U A R Y 2 0 2 5Images:Getty Images,OceanImageBankDisclaimer This document is published by the World Economic Forum as a contribution to a project,insight area or interaction.The findings,interpretations and conclusions ex

2、pressed herein are a result of a collaborative process facilitated and endorsed by the World Economic Forum but whose results do not necessarily represent the views of the World Economic Forum,nor the entirety of its Members,Partners or other stakeholders.2025 World Economic Forum.All rights reserve

3、d.No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,including photocopying and recording,or by any information storage and retrieval system.ContentsForeword 3Foreword 4About the Nature Positive Transitions report series 5Executive summary 6Introduction 71 Where

4、 the sectoris today 131.1 Sector overview 141.2 Progress is promising but needs to accelerate 162 Nature-related impacts and dependencies 182.1 Double materiality 192.2 Ocean and land use change 212.3 Disturbances 222.4 Pollution 222.5 Resource exploitation 232.6 Greenhouse gas emissions 233 Five pr

5、iority actions 243.1 Priority action 1:Avoid and reduce impacts of direct operations on nature;28 restoreandcompensate for unavoidable residual impacts in accordance withthemitigationhierarchy 3.2 Priority action 2:Avoid and reduce impacts on nature from components 31 and materials through responsib

6、le sourcing 3.3 Priority action 3:Innovate product design to reduce material demand 33 and support thenature-positive transition 3.4 Priority action 4:Actively support nature restoration and invest in 34 nature-based solutions alongside local stakeholders 3.5 Priority action 5:Catalyse multistakehol

7、der collaboration and contribute 35 to wider policy andsystems change4 Get started 374.1 Align strategy with organizational maturity 384.2 A deeper look at metrics to support decision-making 404.3 Map the transition on to business functions 41Conclusion 44Appendix 45Contributors 46Endnotes 49Nature

8、Positive:Role of the Offshore Wind Sector2ForewordOcean renewable energy is key to meeting the Paris Agreements goal of limiting global warming to 1.5C.As the most mature ocean-based energy technology,the large-scale expansion of offshore wind is critically needed to tackle climate change and yield

9、benefits for communities and beyond.Atthe same time,this expansion will lead to a growing use of marine space and increasing interactions with marine ecosystems.Since 196 parties agreed on the landmark Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework in 2022,the case for integrated action across clima

10、te and nature has never been clearer.This leaves us with a very important question:how can we accelerate the rollout of offshore wind for the clean energy transition while ensuring it is positive for ocean health and contributes to nature recovery?Understanding the environmental impact of our action

11、s is essential to enabling offshore wind energy to coexist with nature.Our dedicated bioscience team at Vattenfall conducts ongoing environmental research and development,including crucial environmental impact assessments and mitigation,and enhancement strategies during offshore wind farm developmen

12、t and operation.Mitigation strategies,such as using bubble curtains around monopile installations,can reduce underwater noise that harms marine life.Additionally,increasing wind turbine blade visibility has proven effective in reducing bird collisions onshore and is now tested offshore.We continue t

13、o test nature enhancement and nature-inclusive design methodologies(such as habitat creation within turbine foundations at our sites in the Netherlands)in collaboration with national non-governmental organizations and academic institutions.Early results show promising signs of ecological benefits.Bu

14、t no single company can do this alone.Only through collective action,positive policy and financial shifts can we make meaningful progress in tackling the intertwined climate and biodiversity crises.This requires a transformation of business operations that have nature and communities at heart.This r

15、eport outlines the actions the offshore wind sector must take to transform business models towards a nature-positive approach.This includes a diligent application of the mitigation hierarchy across the project life cycle,responsible sourcing across the value chain,investment in nature-based solution

16、s and innovation in product design that reduces material demand.The transition will not be easy.It requires closer collaboration,not only within the offshore wind sector,but also with other ocean-dependent industries,governments,local communities and civil society.Our industry is in a strong positio

17、n to become a major driving force in achieving global climate and biodiversity goals,inspiring others to follow.Each of our organizations must therefore act on the recommendations put forward in the report.Mycolleagues at Vattenfall and I have already started this journey,and we invite our peers to

18、dothe same.Helene Bistrm Senior Vice-President,Head,Business Area Wind;Member,Executive Group Management,VattenfallNature Positive:Role of the Offshore Wind SectorJanuary 2025Nature Positive:Role of the Offshore Wind Sector3ForewordOur planet stands at a critical crossroads.The climate and biodivers

19、ity crises are intensifying,with rising global temperatures,extreme weather events and widespread species loss threatening ecosystems and human well-being alike.The ocean,which covers more than 70%of Earths surface and absorbs 90%of excess heat,is experiencing unprecedented warming and subsequent se

20、a level rise.Over 500 marine“dead zones”have been identified globally,where reduced oxygen levels caused by warming and pollution make it impossible for most marine life to survive.The climate and nature agendas are deeply interconnected.Climate change,driven by greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,is accel

21、erating the loss of biodiversity,disrupting habitats and altering the natural cycles of water and carbon.In turn,the degradation of nature reduces ecosystems resilience and ability to sequester carbon,exacerbating climate change.Decarbonization cannot happen without consideration of nature.The World

22、 Economic Forums Future of Nature and Business report estimates that more than half of the worlds gross domestic product(GDP)is moderately or highly dependent on nature and its services.This means that companies and investors cannot afford to delay actions that can reverse climate change and prevent

23、 nature loss any longer.While the 2015 Paris Agreement and the 2022 Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework(GBF)have provided governments and businesses with goals and targets,industries need sectoral guidance on strategic next steps.This is particularly true when it comes to preventing natur

24、e loss,which poses an inherently complex set of issues.Over the past year,the World Economic Forum,together with our partners,has gathered data and insights through research,expert consultation and industry interviews.These efforts have enabled us to prepare the Sector Transitions to Nature Positive

25、 series of reports.This report explores the contribution of offshore wind energy to a nature-positive economy,with examples and case studies demonstrating the progress made by the industry in collaboration with key stakeholders.It also lays out the road ahead.While offshore wind developments have hi

26、storically been concentrated in Europe,China has recently become the largest offshore wind producer.The new deployment,permitting and exploration of offshore wind has also accelerated in other parts of the world.As offshore wind infrastructure expands,we face challenges that demand innovative soluti

27、ons and new approaches.From protecting vulnerable species and habitats to engaging with local communities and stakeholders,this report illustrates how we can harness this powerful technology to accelerate the green transition.It demonstrates the potential to protect biodiversity,restore ecosystems a

28、nd deliver benefits to communities.The insights in this report are more than a call to action they offer a blueprint for aligning energy infrastructure with economic progress,social prosperity and environmental stewardship.Offshore wind offers a pathway to achieving this vision,but only if we make i

29、ntentional,informed decisions that prioritize the health of our oceans and the diversity of life they support.Alfredo Giron Head,Ocean Action Agenda,World Economic ForumQin Haiyan Secretary-General,Chinese Wind Energy AssociationNature Positive:Role of the Offshore Wind Sector4About the Nature Posit

30、ive Transitions report seriesNature Positive:Role of the Offshore Wind Sectoris part of the World Economic Forums Nature Positive Transitions report series,which outlines the different pathways to halt and reverse nature loss by 2030 the mission at the heart of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversi

31、ty Framework.The series consists of three transitions:business sectors,cities and financial institutions.These reports highlight the relevance of nature-related risks,identify the impacts and dependencies of the economy and society on nature,and provide guidelines for business,city and financial ins

32、titution leaders on key actions to accelerate the nature-positive transition.The Nature Positive Transitions report series builds on the New Nature Economy Report Series.This report on offshore wind also builds on the World Economic Forums 2024 briefing paper,Clean Energy as a Catalyst for a Nature-

33、Positive Transition and the 2023 white paper,Better Community Engagement for a Just Energy Transition:A C-Suite Guide.For more information,please visit:Sector Transitions to Nature Positive Nature-Positive Cities Responsible Renewables Infrastructure InitiativeSector reports:Nature Positive:Role of

34、the Cement and Concrete SectorNature Positive:Role of the Household and Personal Care Products SectorNature Positive:Role of the Chemicals Sector Nature Positive:Role of the Mining and Metals SectorNature Positive:Role of the Automotive Sector Nature Positive:Role of the Port Sector Nature Positive:

35、Role of the Automotive Sector China Deep-diveCities reports:Nature Positive:Guidelines for the Transition in CitiesNature Positive:Leaders Insights for the Transition in CitiesNature Positive:Financing the Transition in CitiesNature Positive:Cities Efforts to Advance the Transition DurbanFinance rep

36、orts:Financing the Nature-Positive Transition:Understanding the Role of Banks,Investors andInsurersNature Positive:Role of the Offshore Wind Sector5Executive summaryClean energy deployment can achieve 90%of the carbon dioxide(CO2)emission reductions needed to meet the Paris Agreements goal of limiti

37、ng global warming to 1.5C.Harnessing the oceans abundant renewable energy,of which offshore wind is the most mature technology,can play a pivotal role.Offshore wind capacity has been increasing substantially by 2030,it is projected to grow five-fold from the current 75 gigawatts(GW)to 380 GW and thi

38、rty-fold to 2,000 GW by 2050.1,2 Investments in the sector have also increased,topping$77 billion in 2023.3 These are forecast to rise to$350 billion in 2030 and$1.47 trillion in 2050,respectively.4Meanwhile,the call for the nature-positive transition has never been louder.In 2022,196 parties signed

39、 up to the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework(GBF),with the goal of halting and reversing nature loss by 2030 and achieving a full recovery by 2050.Furthermore,with the recent adoption of regulations such as the EU Nature Restoration Law or the UK Biodiversity Net Gain,the potential is c

40、lear for every economic sector to protect and regenerate nature.In fact,many leading offshore wind businesses have already made nature and climate commitments and taken steps to address their potential impact on marine habitats,minimize their disturbances on species,and reduce greenhouse gas(GHG)emi

41、ssions and pollution.Supported by public authorities,civil society and the scientific community,companies also strengthen cross-industry and multistakeholder collaboration to enhance knowledge and drive actions.While these efforts are promising,more must be done to roll out offshore wind in a way th

42、at provides jobs and benefits for local communities while protecting ecosystems.This report summarizes the sectors key impacts and dependencies on nature and outlines sector-specific actions that corporate leaders can take to transform their businesses.The offshore wind sector has a key role to play

43、 in halting and reversing nature loss by 2030 the mission at the heart of the GBF.Priorities include the following:1.Avoid and reduce impacts of direct operations on nature;restore and compensate for unavoidable residual impacts in accordance with the mitigation hierarchy 2.Avoid and reduce impacts

44、on nature from components and materials through responsible sourcing3.Innovate product design to reduce material demand and support the nature-positive transition4.Actively support nature restoration and invest in nature-based solutions beyond site level and value chain5.Catalyse multistakeholder co

45、llaboration and contribute to wider policy and systems changeBy 2030,these actions could unlock over$5.5 billion in annual business opportunities for companies across the sectors value chain,presenting a significant opportunity for offshore wind in the new nature-positive economy.Clean energy must c

46、ontribute to tackling climate change and nature loss,two interdependent priorities for both society and business.Nature Positive:Role of the Offshore Wind Sector6IntroductionMost top companies have climate targets,yet only 12%have one for biodiversity,despite the global economys dependency on nature

47、.Nature is at a tipping point.Today,the resources humanity uses are equivalent to that of 1.75 Earths.This means that the ecological footprint,ameasure that sums up the demands for biologically productive areas like food,timber,fibre,carbon sequestration and infrastructure,exceeds the Earths capacit

48、y by 75%.5Achieving net-zero emissions and halting biodiversity loss are highly interdependent priorities for both society and business.Climate change is one of the five key drivers of biodiversity loss,6,7 andin turn,land-use change,principally agricultural commodity-driven deforestation,contribute

49、s 12-20%of global greenhouse gas emissions(GHGs).8 At the same time,efforts to tackle climate change cannot succeed without safeguarding nature.It is estimated that 37%of the emissions reductions required by 2030 to keep global temperature increases under 2C will come from nature-based solutions.9 R

50、ecognizing the link between climate change and nature,standard setters are increasingly looking to align efforts,as seen in the linkages between the Science Based Targets initiative(SBTi)Forest,Land and Agriculture(FLAG)targets10 and the land targets from the Science Based Targets Network(SBTN).11 E

51、fforts are also being made to integrate social and human rights perspectives to ensure that the nature transition is just,inclusive,and delivers tangible and sustainable benefits for people.In September 2024,the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research(PIK)published the first annual planetary h

52、ealth check,evaluating the status of the nine planetary boundaries the Earth system processes essential for maintaining global stability,resilience and life-support functions against safe operating limits.Overall,six out of nine planetary boundaries,such as land system change,freshwater change,and b

53、iosphere integrity,have already breached safe levels12(see Figure 1).of the emissions reductions required by 2030 to keep global temperature increases under 2C will come from nature-based solutions.7Nature Positive:Role of the Offshore Wind SectorPlanetary boundaries health checkFIGURE 1Planetary bo

54、undary processesClimate changeCO2 concentrationIncrease in atmospheric aerosol loadingOcean acidificationFreshwater changegreen waterFreshwater changeblue waterStratospheric Ozone depletionSafe operating spaceIncreasingriskHigh-risk zonePlanetary boundaryHigh-risk lineStatus and trendLand system cha

55、ngeClimate changeradiative forcingModification of biogeochemical flowsphosphorus cycleModification of biogeochemical flowsnitrogen cycleChange in biosphere integrityfunctional integrityChange in biosphere integritygenetic diversityIntroduction of novel entitiesSource:Caesar,L.,Sakschewski,B.et al.(2

56、024).Planetary Health Check:A Scientific Assessment of the State of the Planet.Nature Positive:Role of the Offshore Wind Sector8Why nature matters forbusinessesThe importance of nature for businesses and financial institutions is growing as the evidence for nature-related risks rises.In the World Ec

57、onomic Forums Global Risks Report 2025,13 five out of the top 10 risks over the next decade are environment related:extreme weather events,biodiversity loss and ecosystem collapse,critical change toEarth systems,natural resource shortages,andpollution.In parallel,the calls for rapid change are getti

58、ng stronger and more frequent,coming from policy-makers,regulators,investors,companies,consumers and citizens(see Figure 2).Companies that anticipate the risks of nature loss can minimize disruption from incoming policy and regulatory requirements,proactively manage nature-related physical,transitio

59、n and systemic risks,14 including dependencies on ecosystem services and assets,and benefit from early nature-related opportunities.Key nature-related dynamics impacting businessesFIGURE 2 BusinessesGlobal Biodiversity FrameworkGuidance and standards In total,196 parties agreed on the landmark Kunmi

60、ng-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework in December 2022.Target 15 of the framework explicitly calls for mandatory assessment and disclosure and for businesses to reduce their negative impacts on nature.Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures(TNFD)issued sector-specific guidance for 8 se

61、ctors and financial institutions.International Sustainability Standards Board(ISSB)incorporated nature and biodiversity requirements.EUs European Sustainability Reporting Standards(ESRS)started in 2024.Science Based Targets for Nature(SBTN)released updated target-setting guidance.Customers and emplo

62、yees Recent studies show 85%of consumers indicate that they have shifted their purchasing behaviour to be more sustainable in the past five years.The Union for Ethical BioTrade(UEBT)Biodiversity Barometer has shown consistent growth in biodiversity awareness among consumers over the past decade.In t

63、otal,177 financial institutions with22.1 trillion in assets under managementsigned the Finance for Biodiversity Pledge.Nature Action 100 harnesses investor influence on businesses.Financial institutionsSource:Convention on Biological Diversity.(2022).Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework;Bu

64、siness for Nature.(2023).A wake-up call for business:Target 15 commits governments to require nature-related disclosure from large companies and financial institutions;Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures(TNFD);Reuters.(2022,14 December).Global sustainability rules body steps up focus o

65、n biodiversity;European Financial Reporting Advisory Group(EFRAG).EU Sustainability Reporting Standards(ESRS);Science Based Targets Network(SBTN).For companies;Nature Action 100;Finance for Biodiversity Foundation;Union for Ethical BioTrade(UEBT).Biodiversity Barometer.9Nature Positive:Role of the O

66、ffshore Wind SectorGlobal Biodiversity FrameworkThe agreement of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework15 in December 2022 set the ambition to halt and reverse biodiversity loss,calling for a collective effort from all sections of society on the four goals and 23 targets by 2030.Guidance

67、 and standards Many regulators will soon require mandatory nature-related disclosure from companies,with regulations like the European Sustainability Reporting Standards(ESRS)16 under the EUs Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive(EU CSRD)and the EU Taxonomy for Sustainable Activities17 pushin

68、g businesses to disclose their impact on nature and their exposure to nature and biodiversity loss.Standards are also being adopted in countries like India18 and China,19 requiring companies to disclose material sustainability information.Companies are encouraged to start collecting data and buildin

69、g internal capacity in alignment with voluntary disclosure frameworks like the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures(TNFD),20 which has seen at least 502 organizations,including 129 financial institutions,commit to getting startedwith voluntary reporting of their nature-related issues.21

70、Financial institutionsFinancial institutions are also recognizing the risks associated with nature,for example,36%of Dutch financial institutions assets were found to be highly dependent on nature,22 and starting to take action.In the past three years,177 institutions with 22trillion in assets under

71、 management signed the Finance for Biodiversity Pledge,and institutional investors are convening through the Nature Action 100 programme to engage with companies and policy-makers on nature.23The nature-positive transition will unlock new business opportunities for financial institutions.Innovative

72、nature financing mechanisms,including biodiversity credits,impact investments and blended finance mechanisms,have seen significant growth in the past years,including 10%growth between 2022 and 2023.24 Governments are developing the market infrastructure to mobilize private finance for nature conserv

73、ation and restoration.For example,in 2023,the UK government introduced the Biodiversity Net Gain(BNG)legislation,25 mandating that all new development projects achieve a 10%net gain in biodiversity,and the Australian government is in the process of establishing a Nature Repair Market26 to enable ind

74、ividuals and businesses to voluntarily invest in nature repair projects across Australian land,waters,or a combination of both.Financial institutions can start taking action by building internal capacity to act on nature,developing financing policies,strategies and transition plans that favour natur

75、e(including sector-,location-or asset class-specific policies where appropriate),embedding nature in risk management systems,developing robust nature-related reporting systems,and engaging with high nature-impact and high nature-risk businesses.Consumers and employeesSimilarly,wider society and othe

76、r stakeholders,such as employees and consumers,are raising their expectations for corporate action to protect nature and biodiversity.In the Union for Ethical BioTrades 2022 Biodiversity Barometer,biodiversity loss was the second most urgent environmental concern for consumers after climate change.I

77、n countries such as Brazil and China,the concern comes out on top,with 54%of consumers wanting information on a products impact on biodiversity.A survey by Simon-Kucher&Partners in 2021 showed that 85%of consumers have made changes to make their purchasing behaviour more sustainable in the past five

78、 years.27 Additionally,employees are elevating their expectations regarding their employers commitment to protecting nature and biodiversity.For example,a 2022 global survey by Deloitte28 found that protecting the environment remains a top priority for Gen Zs and millennials,who want to see their em

79、ployers prioritize visible actions that enable employees to get directly involved.A total of 64%of Gen Zs said they would pay more to purchase anenvironmentally sustainable product.Setting credible nature strategies Despite the increased momentum on nature over recent years,not enough is being done.

80、While 78%of Fortune Global 500 companies have climate change targets,only 26%have freshwater consumption targets,and just 12%have targets for biodiversity loss.29 Only 5%of companies have assessed their impacts on nature,with less than 1%understanding their dependencies.30 Companies can contribute t

81、o“Nature Positive”by establishing credible nature strategies,where“Nature Positive”represents a“global societal goal to halt and reverse nature loss by 2030 on a 2020 baseline,and achieve full recovery by 2050”.31 Individual companies,financial institutions and investors can contribute to this share

82、d goal by adopting nature-positive strategies across their spheres of control and influence,including at sites of high-biodiversity importance,in their direct operations as well as across their value chains(seeFigure 3).In the past three years,177 institutions with 22 trillion in assets under manage

83、ment signed the Finance for Biodiversity Pledge.Nature Positive:Role of the Offshore Wind Sector10Spheres of control and influenceFIGURE 3Sphere of controlSphere of influenceSiteProductCorporateValue chainValue chain-adjacent areasSystemsDirectoperationsUpstreamDownstreamSource:Adapted from Science

84、Based Targets Network(SBTN).(2020).Science-Based Targets for Nature:Initial Guidance for Business,2020.A credible corporate nature strategy should be built on four high-level steps:assess,commit,transform and disclose35(see Figure 4).Businesses can and should act now to:Assess:Conduct an initial mat

85、eriality assessment to prioritize efforts;identify,measure,value and prioritize impacts and dependencies on nature;assess risks and opportunities;and consider climate and people within nature assessments.Commit:Define ambition and goals,and set transparent,time-bound,specific,science-based targets t

86、o put companies on the right track towards operating within the Earths limits.Transform:Avoid and reduce negative impacts;restore and regenerate;shift business strategy and models;collaborate,both along value chains and at a landscape,seascape and river basin level;advocate for ambitious policies an

87、d initiatives;and embed nature within corporate governance.Disclose:Disclose material nature-related information across all three high-level actions above;seek out independent validation and verification to enhance the credibility of actions;and align reporting with major reporting standards such as

88、 TNFD,International Sustainability Standards Board(ISSB)or the EUs CSRD recommendations.Momentum is building.In May 2023,17 companies started a target validation pilot for the SBTN methods.36 For more details,companies can refer tothe Nature Strategy Handbook,a practical guideto support all business

89、es in developing a nature strategy.Nature Positive:Role of the Offshore Wind Sector11AssessMeasure,value and prioritize your impacts and dependencies on nature to ensure you are acting on the most material ones.CommitSet science-based targets to put your company on the right track towards operating

90、within the Earths limits.TransformAvoid and reduce negative impacts,restore and regenerate,collaborate across land and seascapes,shift business strategy and models,embed nature in governance and advocate for policy ambition.DiscloseCommitAssessTransformHigh-level business actions on natureDiscloseDi

91、scloseNote:Disclose material nature-related information across all three high-level actions above.Source:Business for Nature.(n.d.).High-level Business Actions on Nature.ACT-D high-level business actions on natureFIGURE 4The need for a sectoral approach As nature impacts and dependencies differ sign

92、ificantly across real economy sectors,sector-specific analyses and guidance can help companies understand their relationship with nature and the actions they can take to accelerate the transition to a nature-positive future.To inform sectoral approaches,the World Economic Forum,alongside Business fo

93、r Nature and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development(WBCSD),produced guidance on 12 global sectors as part of the initial phase of the Sector Actions Towards a Nature-Positive Future initiative.For each sector,the guidance outlines the priority actions companies should take to transfo

94、rm their operations and value chains to make a meaningful contribution towards the Global Biodiversity Framework and help halt and reverse nature loss by 2030.In the second phase,the World Economic Forum has conducted analysis on four additional sectors:mining and metals,automotive,offshore wind and

95、 ports.This report identifies and makes the business case for sector-specific priority actions in the offshore wind sector.Nature Positive:Role of the Offshore Wind Sector12Where the sectoris today1As the sector expands rapidly,companies need to ensure that this growth generates benefits to both nat

96、ure and local communitiesNature Positive:Role of the Offshore Wind Sector13At COP28,over 130 countries committed to tripling renewables capacity by 2030.Clean energy deployment has the potential to achieve 90%of the carbon dioxide(CO2)reductions needed to meet the Paris Agreements goal of limiting w

97、arming to 1.5C.34 Harnessing the oceans abundant renewable energy,of which offshore wind is the most mature technology,can play a pivotal role in this achievement.Offshore wind currently contributes to approximately 0.6%of the global power generation.It accounts for 7.5%of total wind energy,which ac

98、counts for 7.8%of total energy.35,36 However,forecasts show that onshore and offshore wind could generate more than one-third of total electricity needs by 2050,according to the International Energy Agencys(IEA)net zero scenario.37,38 Offshore wind,being one of the lowest CO2-emitting energy sources

99、,39 could be a major driving force in achieving the Paris Agreements goal,while also contributing to the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.To achieve these climate and nature goals,offshore wind capacity must increase dramatically,providing jobs and benefits for local communities while

100、safeguarding ecosystems.By 2030,offshore wind is projected to grow five-fold from the current 75 gigawatts(GW)to 380 GW and thirty-fold to 2,000 GW by 2050.40 Despite recent headwinds due to macroeconomic pressures and supply chain bottlenecks,offshore wind deployment is rising again in Europe and N

101、orth America(though the US market is still nascent).Exploration and permitting have also accelerated in many emerging markets notably Japan,South Korea,Australia,the Philippines,Viet Nam,Colombia and Brazil.Offshore wind developments have historically been concentrated in Europes North and Baltic Se

102、as,accounting for 45.3%of global capacity.41 However,China has recently overtaken Europe as the largest offshore wind producer,representing 54.6%of global capacity.42As well as potentially impacting marine and terrestrial habitats,the growth of offshore wind farms(and associated grid infrastructure)

103、could drive resource extraction and pollution from upstream supply chain activities.This includes mining for rare earth minerals and metals that are essential for wind turbine components,as well as steel and concrete production.Offshore wind turbines,which must withstand harsh marine environments,ar

104、e larger and heavier than their onshore counterparts,requiring more materials than many other clean energy technologies.The IEA points out that around 15.5 tonnes of critical minerals are needed for 1 megawatt(MW)of power generation by offshore wind,compared to 10 tonnes for onshore wind,7 tonnes fo

105、r solar and less than 3 tonnes for coal and gas.43These facts emphasize the need to align energy production with the protection of biodiversity and marine ecosystems.With proper management,alongside government and corporate commitments to support biodiversity and ecosystem health,the risks from this

106、 expansion to the sea,land,habitats and species can be substantially minimized.Furthermore,active efforts from offshore wind developers and grid operators to restore and regenerate nature can deliver positive impacts.1.1 Sector overview By 2030,offshore wind capacity is projected to grow five-fold f

107、rom the current 75 GW to 380 GW,and thirty-fold to 2000 GW by2050.Definition of the offshore wind sectorBOX 1This report focuses on the offshore wind sector as a sub-sector of the Renewable Resources&Alternative Energy:Wind Technology&Project Developers industry outlined by the Sustainability Accoun

108、ting Standards Boards(SASB)Sustainable Industry Classification System(SICS).44 This comprises offshore wind development in all its phases:siting,designing and constructing offshore wind farms and related infrastructures;operations and maintenance;decommissioning/end of life;and the transmission and

109、distribution of electricity generated by offshore wind.In addition,this report will consider the offshore wind sectors upstream value chain,which encompasses industries such as mining and metals(for the supply of materials and rare earth metals for wind turbines),provision of machinery and transport

110、 equipment,provision of electrical equipment and components(cables and wires),marine transport,and ports and services.However,the analysis applies to these upstream activities only to the extent that they are directly linked to inputs and services for offshore wind,as well as to the engagement of of

111、fshore wind developers with upstream suppliers.For an in-depth analysis of nature-related impacts,dependencies and priority actions for the mining and metals and ports sectors,please refer to the Forums Nature Positive:Role of the Mining and Metals Sector report and Nature Positive:Role of the Port

112、Sector report.The downstream market,which uses electricity produced by offshore wind,is currently outside the scope of this analysis.45Nature Positive:Role of the Offshore Wind Sector14The offshore wind sector in numbersFIGURE 6 Simplified value chain of the offshore wind sectorFIGURE 5MarketAll sec

113、torsElectricity transmission and distributionProvision of machineryand transport equipmentRecycling/repurposingDownstreamUpstreamTier 2,3 and n suppliersProvision of materials,e.g.mining and metals,cement and concreteTier 1 suppliers Manufacturing of offshore wind parts,such asturbines and foundatio

114、ns,and supporting electrical equipment(cablesand wires)Marine transportPorts and servicesMidstream(direct operations)Development and construction of offshore wind farms and related infrastructuresOperations and maintenance of offshore wind farms and related infrastructuresDecommissioning/end-of-life

115、Re-useIn scopeOut of scopeof global operational capacity in 2023,forecast to rise to 380 GW in 2030 and 2,000 GW in 205075 GWin investments in 2023,46 forecast to rise to$350 billion in 2030 and$1.47 trillion in 2050$77 billion 15%stationary infrastructure at sea,forecast to rise to 80%in 205047 0.6

116、%of global power production,forecast to make up 15%of global power production in 2050lower emissions than coal on average per unit of electricity48,49,50 99%tonnes of critical minerals per MW of capacity 15.5 15%80%The sector accounts for:15%0.6%15Nature Positive:Role of the Offshore Wind SectorOver

117、 the past two decades,economies of scale,technological developments and decarbonization financing support have propelled the young offshore wind industry to become one of the fastest-growing marine sectors.Wind turbines are increasingly becoming larger and more powerful and wind farms are being depl

118、oyed farther out at sea.As countries worldwide increase their commitments to scaling up offshore wind,51 a growing emphasis is being placed on the conditions under which projects are implemented.In Europe,China and the US,developers must conduct environmental impact assessments(EIAs)for most project

119、s during the screening and permitting process.Additionally,many countries are considering or implementing policy frameworks to encourage nature enhancement and restoration.Notably,there has been increasing consideration for non-price criteria in auctions,such as biodiversity protection,community eng

120、agement,cooperative ownership and system integration.This incentivizes developers to contribute to broader environmental and societal goals from the beginning.These criteria vary across jurisdictions and are primarily used in mature European markets,where the Netherlands,Norway,France,Denmark,German

121、y and Belgium have either trial-implemented non-price criteria in some auctions or considered them.52,53As the policy landscape evolves,many corporate leaders in the sector have already made nature commitments alongside climate targets.As a TNFD early adopter,Iberdrola has set a target of“no net los

122、s of biodiversity by 2030”and“having a net-positive impact on biodiversity in the financial year 2030”.54 Similarly,rsted has committed to a net-positive biodiversity impact for all new energy projects commissioned by 2030,which means the company will actively restore and enhance ecosystems in addit

123、ion to avoiding and mitigating impacts.55 To take this commitment further,rsted launched a framework to measure,track and report biodiversity impact across their project assets on World Ocean Day 2024.Meanwhile,Vattenfall has conducted a biodiversity footprint assessment with a full value chain pers

124、pective using the Global Biodiversity Score(GBS)tool as part of the pilot for SBTN.56 Throughout the industry,companies also increasingly see the need for nature actions that are based on meaningful engagement and aimed at creating shared value with local communities.57Many developers have focused o

125、n innovation in nature-inclusive design to create attractive marine habitats for species and the co-use of marine space.Last year,Mingyang Smart Energy launched the worlds first wind and aquaculture integrated intelligent system,Mingyu No.1,in Chinas Guangdong Province.Mingyu No.1 is set to provide

126、electricity for 23,000 households and nurture 150,000 fish from high-value species such as groupers and golden pomfret.58While these efforts are substantial,more must be done in a more systematic way.Corporate leaders should start now to assess,commit,transform and disclose as per the ACT-D framewor

127、k in a more systematic way.As noted in the introduction,companies need to:identify,measure,value and prioritize their nature-related impacts and dependencies across their value chains to ensure they act on the most material ones;set transparent,time-bound,specific,science-based targets when material

128、;take actions to transform their businesses;and track performance to publicly disclose material nature-related information.For more information on tools and guidance available for the ACT-D set of high-level actions,see Table 1.1.2 Progress is promising but needs to accelerate Many corporate leaders

129、 in the sector have made nature commitments alongside climate targets.Nature Positive:Role of the Offshore Wind Sector16Selected tools and guidance available for ACT-D high-level actionsTABLE 1AssessConsult the Locate-Evaluate-Assess-Prepare(LEAP)approach from TNFD.Follow the technical guidance to a

130、ssess59 and prioritize60 from SBTN.CommitSet No Net Loss(NNL)or Net Positive Impact(NPI)/Net Gain targets at site level,using the International Finance Corporations(IFC)Performance Standards for guidance.61Follow the approach the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN)is developing to m

131、easure nature-positive62 and set targets.Set science-based targets,taking inspiration from the technical guidance provided for freshwater,land,ocean andbiodiversity by SBTN.63For climate,refer to the guidance from the Science Based Targets initiative(SBTi).TransformTake inspiration from the World Ec

132、onomic Forums Nature Positive Transitions:Sectors report series;64 invest resources and commit management to deliver against clear targets.65Consult sector-specific key actions as listed in:The World Economic Forums Clean Energy as a Catalyst for a Nature-Positive Transition66 United Nations Global

133、Compacts Net-Positive Biodiversity in Offshore Renewable Energy:Minimum Criteria and Recommendations for Action67 Offshore Coalition for Energy and Nature(OCEaN)s Avoidance&minimisation of environmental impacts from offshore wind and grid infrastructure 2024 report.DiscloseConsult the final recommen

134、dations68 from TNFD for nature-related disclosures.For climate,refer to the ISSB guidance on disclosure of sustainability-related financial information and climate-related disclosures.69 Use CDPs disclosure platform,which includes guidance on climate change,forests,water security,biodiversity and pl

135、astics.70Note:1.This table is non-exhaustive.For more tools and guidance,see High-level Business Actions on Nature71 and The Nature Strategy Handbook72;2.The concept of delivering biodiversity-positive actions at the project level is commonly referred to as Net Positive Impact(NPI)or net gain.NPI re

136、fers to the sequential,successful and iterative implementation of measurable actions to achieve net gain for prioritized biodiversity features.This occurs once NNL for those features is achieved at the project level.Nature-positive is a global goal measured in relation to a 2020 baseline by 2030.It

137、is a combined global outcome that halts and reverses loss to nature,increases resilience and improves well-being with full recovery by 2050.17Nature Positive:Role of the Offshore Wind SectorNature-related impacts and dependencies2As companies transform their business models to support global nature-

138、positive,net-zero commitments,understanding their nature-related dependencies and impacts is essential.Nature Positive:Role of the Offshore Wind Sector18The principle of“double materiality”,a concept at the heart of the EUs CSRD,defines a companys impact on the environment and its dependencies on it

139、 as highly interdependent(see Figure 7).In other words,the economic activities of businesses have impacts on both the environment and society(known as impact materiality),while concurrently,businesses also encounter risks(and opportunities)arising from their dependencies on the environment and socie

140、ty(known as financial materiality).2.1 Double materiality Double materiality FIGURE 7Double materialityTraditional materialityBusiness impacts on nature/impact materialityDependencies/financial materialityExamples of financial materialityPressure on water availability and decline in quality affect c

141、ompany profitabilitySoil erosion and degradation lead to decreases in agricultural yields for agricultural food companiesDirty beaches and coastal areas cause drop in tourism traffic and revenues Examples of impact materialityCompany activities affect water supply and qualityUnsustainable agricultur

142、al practices lead to decrease in soil qualityIrresponsible travel and tourism cause pollution and over-exploitation of natural resources Business dependencies on nature/financial materialitySource:World Economic Forum.Definition of double materiality sourced from:Deloitte.(2023).Double Materiality:5

143、 challenging key aspects to consider.According to the World Economic Forums 2020 report Nature Risk Rising:Why the Crisis Engulfing Nature Matters for Business and the Economy,half of the worlds gross domestic product(GDP)is moderately or highly dependent on nature.73 All economic sectors are depend

144、ent on nature,though the degree of dependency may vary(e.g.construction,agriculture,and food and beverages are the largest highly nature-dependent industries).Many industries have significant“hidden”nature-related dependencies in their supply chain.Like many other industries,offshore wind depends on

145、 a number of ecosystem services and environmental assets to function,74 including global climate regulation,flood and storm protection,and,to a certain extent,mass stabilization and erosion control.Offshore wind farms are susceptible to extreme weather events such as typhoons,which can force the shu

146、tdown of wind turbines,delay vessels and port services,and cause damage to power transmission systems.75 According to Allianz,cable damage or failure accounts for 53%of offshore wind losses by value in its main insurance markets.76Offshore wind also depends on many environmental assets,and most of t

147、hese dependencies are hidden in its supply chain.For instance,although wind power generation does not rely on water consumption,upstream supply chain players Nature Positive:Role of the Offshore Wind Sector19(especially those involved in mining and metals and the manufacturing of components used in

148、offshore wind)are highly dependent on freshwater resources,and moderately dependent on water flow maintenance and filtration services.A functioning wind turbine and its foundation comprise 8,000 parts in total.The foundation and tower are predominantly made of steel,though concrete is sometimes used

149、.The blades are composed of fibreglass,resin or plastics.Copper,aluminium and rare earth metals are also essential components.77,78 The expansion of offshore wind will necessitate large quantities of these raw materials,79 which typically require significant amounts of freshwater for their mining pr

150、ocess.80These dependencies strengthen the case for investing in nature protection and restoration to build sustainable,responsible and resilient supply chains and ensure the long-term viability of the business model.Offshore wind companies should avoid or mitigate the following nature-related impact

151、s that are material in their direct operations and value chains.Top drivers of nature loss in the offshore wind sector and its value chainTABLE 2UpstreamMidstream (direct operations)DownstreamOcean and land use changeDisturbancesPollutionResource exploitationGreenhouse gas emissionsPressure material

152、ity rating(ENCORE):High MediumNote:This analysis is based on the pressure materiality rating from ENCORE and the SBTN sectoral materiality tool(SMT),following the IPBESs top drivers of nature loss and substantiated by literature review and consultation with business,civil society and academia.Analys

153、is focuses on medium to high materiality.Conduct company-specific assessment of impacts and dependenciesBOX 2The analysis of impacts and dependencies presented in Chapter 2 is a sector-average analysis for companies in theoffshore wind sector,but company-specific impacts anddependencies will vary ac

154、cording to their activities,supply chains and operational locations.Companies will need to conduct assessments to locate their interface with nature and evaluate their impacts and dependencies using company-specific operational and supply chain information.TNFDs LEAP approach,81 as wellas the SBTNs

155、step 1(assess)82 and step 2(prioritize)83 are useful frameworks to guide companies through their ownassessments.The full methodology and results of thi s sector-average assessment can be found in the Appendix.Nature Positive:Role of the Offshore Wind Sector202.2 Ocean and land use changeThe most sig

156、nificant potential impact of offshore wind is the change in ocean and land use.The construction of bottom-fixed wind turbines can result in temporary or permanent changes in seabed structure and habitat loss for marine species.Construction and operations during sensitive seasons can also alter the h

157、abitats on which species depend for breeding,feeding and resting,therefore altering their behaviours.84 Additionally,understanding how seabird species react to offshore wind farms varies across offshore wind markets and technologies.Studies show that responses range from complete avoidance to attrac

158、tion.Attraction to wind turbine blades and grid transmission may increase the risk of collision,while avoidance may lead to displacement.85,86 In addition to birds,offshore infrastructure can hinder the movement androutes of migratory marine species.87While there is still much to understand about th

159、ese impacts,it is clear that they must be considered across the offshore wind project life cycle.Careful spatial planning led by governments and mitigation measures taken by developers(such as blade visibility,bird deterrence,and slow-down or shutdown during migration/spawning seasons of bird and ma

160、rine species)can minimize negativeimpacts.88On the other hand,the hard substrate from offshore wind foundations can generate new habitats for marine organisms.Studies have shown an increase in the abundance of invertebrates,such as mussels,oysters and crabs around wind turbines,which in turn attract

161、 predator fish and marine mammals.89,90,91 Furthermore,when bottom trawling is not permitted in offshore wind areas,the refuge effect for marine life is enhanced.If managed responsibly,these zones can serve as important spawning and nursery grounds.92,93 According to DNVs Spatial Competition Forecas

162、t,the amount of ocean space occupied by installations will grow five-fold by 2050,primarily driven by offshore wind.94 The area occupied by fixed offshore wind will grow from about 9,000 square kilometres(km2)in 2023 to about 242,000 km2 by 2050.Meanwhile,floating offshore wind will grow from a low

163、15 km2 in 2023 to more than 33,000 km2 by 2050.Therefore,it is vital to ensure that these areas contribute to the overall health of marine populations.With much attention having been placed on the impact of direct operations,it is also worth considering the impact that offshore wind can have on land

164、 and sea use through its supply chain.This is mostly land clearance and soil erosion from mining for minerals,95 as well as sediment suspension and habitat disruption due to dredging,96 which are needed for offshore wind components and structures.The impact of upgrading or extending ports infrastruc

165、ture or building new port terminals to serve offshore wind development should also be considered.These activities should be managed responsibly to create economic opportunities without placing further pressure on natural ecosystems.The hard substrate from offshore wind foundations can generate new h

166、abitats for marine organisms.21Nature Positive:Role of the Offshore Wind SectorDisturbances caused by offshore wind can come from various sources,the most prevalent of which are noise and light.Noise from pile driving during the construction phase is the most significant source.Overall noise levels

167、are lower during the operation phase;noise from an operational offshore wind turbine is lower than ship noise in the same frequency range but remains constant over the turbines 20 to 25-year lifespan.Despite this,the cumulative effect of many wind turbines in one area must be monitored and studied t

168、o mitigate their possible impact on fish and marine mammals.97,98 This includes potential changes to their behaviour,such as swimming patterns or acoustic abilities.Marine mammals like whales and dolphins,which rely on sound for navigation and communication,can be particularly susceptible to this.99

169、,100 Light disturbance must also be considered.Attraction to lighting,combined with poor weather conditions,can lead birds to fly at lower altitudes,increasing the risk of collision.101 Light disturbance from onshore cable installation may also disrupt the nesting behaviour of marine turtles and dis

170、orientate hatchlings.102 Furthermore,electromagnetic fields created by subsea cables can affect sensitive species,though there is still a significant gap in knowledge in this area.103,1042.3 Disturbances 2.4 PollutionOther areas of concern are chemical,plastic and debris pollution.Offshore structure

171、s are often coated with antifouling paints,which can leach toxic substances into the water and potentially harm marine organisms.There are also risks associated with service vessel operations,such as the accidental leak of hazardous fluids and the potential for collisions with marine mammals.105 Con

172、struction and maintenance activities can generate plastic waste and other debris,which can enter the marine environment if improperly managed.Further up the supply chain,the demand for offshore wind may drive potential land,freshwater and ocean pollution.This occurs when chemicals,heavy metals and h

173、ighly saline or acidified wastewater from mining activities leach into nature.This can also happen with air pollution from steel production.Whileapproximately 90%of wind turbines are recyclable,their blades are made from polymer composite,primarily reinforced with glass fibre,which makes them extrem

174、ely hard to break down.As the first wave of early commercial offshore wind installations approach their end of life,there is a risk that most of the blades will end up in landfills or be incinerated.Research by the University of Cambridge shows that turbine blades are set to account for 43 million t

175、onnes of waste in 2050.106 It is worth noting,however,that there have been significant advancements in recycling options as the industry increases commitments to circularity.Offshore wind developers like Iberdrola,rsted and RWE,alongside wind turbine manufacturers such as Siemens Gamesa and Vestas,h

176、ave tested new solutions on the ground and committed to reusing,recycling and recovering 100%of decommissioned blades.107,108,109 Furthermore,with composite materials being used by multiple sectors,the wind industry is also exploring cross-sector collaboration with other composite-using sectors,such

177、 as maritime transport,aviation and automotive.110 The cumulative effect of wind turbines in onearea must be monitored and studied to mitigate possible impact on seabirds,fish,and marine mammals.Nature Positive:Role of the Offshore Wind Sector222.5 Resource exploitation2.6 Greenhouse gas emissionsOf

178、fshore wind makes little use of water and other resources in their direct operations.In fact,offshore wind power stands out as one of the lowest water-consuming energy sources,in contrast to water-intensive thermal power,natural gas or nuclear plants,where significant quantities of water are needed

179、for cooling processes.111,112 This is a significant advantage,especially as the energy sector accounts for at least 10%of global freshwater use,113 at a time when water scarcity is a rising concern due to climate change and population growth.However,sourcing minerals for offshore wind components req

180、uires the extraction of a large amount of water.Furthermore,a wide range of materials is required to produce machinery and equipment for construction,maintenance and decommissioning activities.The World Resources Institute found that 16%of critical mineral mines are in highly water-stressed areas,an

181、d in these locations,at least 40%of water supply is required each year to meet existing demand.114 Consequently,upstream actions and tightened collaboration with suppliers to mitigate resource use are crucial as offshore wind companies evaluate their nature-related impacts.Wind power is one of the c

182、leanest energy sources,with a carbon footprint 99%smaller than coal-fired power plants,92-98%smaller than natural gas and over 75%smaller than solar.115 However,the input industry has a high carbon footprint,including GHG emissions from direct production processes(e.g.steel and concrete production),

183、energy use from upstream industrial processes(e.g.mining extraction and production and equipment operation),emissions during installation(transport and assembly),and supporting services such as service vessels and ports operations.Together with the Carbon Trust,a group of leading offshore wind devel

184、opers has launched new industry guidance on how to measure the full carbon footprint of offshore wind farms.116 The newmethodology intends to improve comparabilityand transparency across the industry and help developers identify opportunities to reduce emissions further.Overall,the offshore wind sec

185、tor is making significant strides in addressing its impacts on nature,especially the ocean,where innovation is accelerating rapidly.While the industry must continue to consider its nature-related impacts,it is important to recognize that offshore wind provides a cleaner alternative to fossil fuels.F

186、ossil fuels could pose more significant environmental risks,including a large carbon footprint,higher mining requirements,seabed disturbance,continuous noise from seismic activities and drilling,and incidents such as oil spills.Increasing offshore wind capacity iscritical for the energy transition a

187、nd must becarried out with sensitivity to nature impacts anddependencies.Offshore wind is one of the lowest water-consuming and carbon-emitting energy sources,yet the sector needs to address water use and GHG emissions in their supply chain.Nature Positive:Role of the Offshore Wind Sector23Five prio

188、rity actions3Taking five priority actions on nature can unlock over$5.5 billion in additional value for offshore wind by 2030.Nature Positive:Role of the Offshore Wind Sector24This report sets out five priority actions for businesses in the offshore wind sector to take(see Figure 8).Companies can co

189、ntribute to a nature-positive future by prioritizing actions that:1.Avoid and reduce impacts of direct operations on nature;restore and compensate for unavoidable residual impacts in accordance with the mitigation hierarchy 2.Avoid and reduce impacts on nature fromcomponents and materials through re

190、sponsible sourcing3.Innovate product design to reduce material demand and support the nature-positive transition4.Actively support nature restoration and invest in nature-based solutions beyond site level andvalue chain5.Catalyse multistakeholder collaboration and contribute to wider policy and syst

191、ems changeThese priority actions require companies to actively engage with suppliers,customers,peers and other industries to transform their value chains.While many of these actions are already being employed or gradually rolled out by businesses,this report calls for accelerated efforts in the offs

192、hore wind sector.Undertaking the priority actions for the offshore wind sector could unlock over$5.5 billion in cost savings and revenue upside by2030.Five priority actions for the offshore wind sectorFIGURE 8Five priority actions for offshore wind23415Avoid and reduce impacts from components and ma

193、terialsCatalyse multistake-holder collaboration and contribute to systems changeAvoid,reduce,restore and compensate for impacts from direct operationsSupport nature restoration and invest in nature-based solutions Innovate product design to reduce material demandNature Positive:Role of the Offshore

194、Wind Sector25The nature-positive transition can also present enormous opportunities for companies in this sector.The Forums 2020 report,New Nature Economy Report II:The Future of Nature and Business,estimated that a full nature-positive transition in the global economy could create$10.1trillion of a

195、nnual business opportunities by 2030.Of this figure,estimates show that undertaking the priority actions for the offshore wind sector could unlock over$5.5billion in cost savings and revenue upside by 2030 for businesses across the sectors value chain.The actual value of this transition could be hig

196、her than estimated,as the calculation did not account for all potential business opportunities in the sector.Business opportunities for the offshore wind sector by 2030($billion)FIGURE 9Catalyse industry collaboration and wider policy and systems changeActively support nature restoration and invest

197、in nature-based solutions alongside local stakeholdersInnovate product design to reduce material demand and support the nature-positive transitionAvoid and reduce impacts on nature from components and materials through responsible sourcingAvoid and reduce impacts of direct operations on nature,resto

198、re and compensate for unavoidable residual impacts in accordance with the mitigation hierarchyTotal0.790.420.390.125.553.831234526Nature Positive:Role of the Offshore Wind SectorTo calculate the opportunity summarized in the waterfall in Figure 9,the following opportunities from the Future of Nature

199、 and Business report were identified as relevant(see Table 3).Further information on the calculation methodology can befound in the Appendix.Priority action Business opportunity from Future of Nature and Business reportOriginal size in Future of Nature and Business report($billion)Adjustment factor

200、to size share of offshore wind sector sector Opportunity size for offshore wind sector($billion)1 Avoid and reduce impacts of direct operations on nature,restore and compensate for unavoidable residual impacts in accordance with the mitigation hierarchyEnergy efficiency buildings825Calculated GDP im

201、pact on the global offshore wind sector in 2030:0.18%1.5Sustainable infrastructure financing2950.54Expansion of renewables6501.18Energy efficiency non-energy intensive sectors*3370.612 Avoid and reduce impacts on nature from components and materials through responsible sourcingGreen long-range trans

202、port2200.4Fourth Industrial Revolution-enabled long-distance transport750.14Additive manufacturing1350.253 Innovate product design to reduce material demand and support the nature-positive transitionEnd-use steel efficiency2100.38Sustainable substances inextraction200.044 Actively support nature res

203、toration and invest in nature-based solutions alongside local stakeholdersSustainable aquaculture1150.21Bivalves production150.03Nature climate solutions850.155 Catalyse multistakeholder collaboration and contribute to wider policy and systems changeTechnology in energy and extractives supply chains

204、300.05Wild fisheries management400.07Deep-dive on business opportunities for the offshore wind sectorTABLE 3*Additional opportunity beyond Future of Nature and Business report analysis.Taking these five priority actions across both company operations and the wider value chain will help companies in

205、the sector to avoid or reduce the top drivers of biodiversity loss(ocean and land use change,ecosystems disturbances,pollution,resource exploitation and greenhouse gas emissions)across the four nature realms(ocean,land,freshwater and atmosphere),mitigate risks tooperations and unlock commercial oppo

206、rtunities.These actions will also contribute to the targets of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework,which aims to halt and reverse biodiversity loss by 2030 to achieve the global goal of nature positive(see Table 4).Nature Positive:Role of the Offshore Wind Sector27Mapping of five prio

207、rity actions to GBF frameworkTABLE 4Selected targets from Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework(non-exhaustive)1 Plan and manage areas to reduce biodiversity loss2Restore degraded ecosystems3 Protect/conserve land,inland water and ocean7 Reduce pollution8 Minimize impact of climate change10

208、Enhance biodiversityin agriculture,aquaculture,fisheries and forestry11Restore natures contributions to people14 Integrate biodiversity in decision-making at every level15 Businesses assess,disclose and reduce risks and impacts18 Reduce harmful incentives and scale-up positive incentives19 Mobilize

209、financial resources Indirect contribution Direct contribution1 Avoid and reduce impacts of direct operations on nature,restore and compensate in accordance with the mitigation hierarchy2 Avoid and reduce impacts on nature from components and materials through responsible sourcing3 Innovate product d

210、esign to reduce material demand and support the nature-positive transition4 Actively support naturerestoration and invest in nature-based solutions alongside local stakeholders5 Catalyse multistakeholder collaboration and contribute to wider policy and systems changeFor each action,companies should

211、also set measurable and time-bound targets and report against the progress regularly to increase their accountability(seeChapter 4 for more details).Nature Positive:Role of the Offshore Wind Sector283.1 Avoid and reduce impacts of direct operations on nature;restore and compensate for unavoidable re

212、sidual impacts in accordance with the mitigation hierarchyMany offshore wind companies already have biodiversity assessments in place for all current projects and have committed to the mitigation hierarchy principles of avoiding,reducing,restoring,and if all avoidance and mitigation measures have be

213、en employed offsetting or compensating for negative impacts on nature.Companies should follow the mitigation hierarchy sequentially at the site level,in a landscape context,considering direct,indirect and cumulative impacts.Mitigation efforts should align with an NNL or NPI goal for each project(see

214、 Box 3).117Principles for applying the mitigation hierarchyBOX 3The mitigation hierarchy is a four-step decision-making framework designed to support the mitigation of nature impacts.To improve the application of the mitigation hierarchy,The Nature Conservancy identified six principles to guide itsa

215、pplication:118 Landscape context:Apply the mitigation hierarchy in a landscape context,considering direct,indirect and cumulative impacts.Goal:Mitigation policy goals at the national,regional and/or local level should ensure the mitigation hierarchy is applied to support conservation objectives and

216、drive accountability for application.As of 2016,over 100 countries had or were developing national mitigation policies that require offsets or enable the use of offsets.119 Mitigation hierarchy steps:The steps should be followed sequentially avoid,reduce,restore and then compensate for impacts.Limit

217、s to offsets:120 There are limits to what can be offset,and impacts that cannot be offset should be avoided as this may be the only means to prevent irreplaceable loss.Sustainable outcomes:Mitigation should support long-term,durable outcomes.Stakeholder engagement practices:Mitigation should follow

218、best practices for stakeholder engagement,guided by the following principles for meaningful and inclusive stakeholder engagement inclusiveness,transparency,rights-based approaches,andscience and traditional knowledge.Priority action 129Nature Positive:Role of the Offshore Wind SectorSelected guidanc

219、e on community engagementBOX 4 TNFDs 2024 publication,Guidance on engagement with Indigenous Peoples,Local Communities and affected stakeholders122 SBTNs stakeholder engagement guidance123 Forest Peoples Programmes Guidance on good faith consultation and negotiations with Indigenous and Tribal Peopl

220、es and communities124 The World Economic Forums 2023 white paper,Using a People-positive Approach to Accelerate the Scale-up of Clean Power:AC-Suite Guide for Community Engagement125 EU Horizon Europe project JustWind4Alls Database of Participatory Practices and Social Innovations in Wind Energy Dev

221、elopments126Avoid development in biodiversity hotspots Companies should collaborate early and often with local and regional stakeholders,Indigenous communities,and environmental and scientific groups to identify areas of high ecological and cultural value.It is essential to avoid marine-protected ar

222、eas,key biodiversity areas and areas of critical habitat.While critical factors such as wind resources,water depth and distance from the coast must be considered,companies can employ habitat mapping tools and work with governments to arrive at sound marine spatial planning to select sites that prior

223、itize minimal environmental disturbance.Furthermore,maximizing the socioeconomic impacts of offshore wind for local communities should be prioritized as part of the nature strategy.In fact,offshore wind developers are increasing community engagement,focusing on delivering shared value for wider loca

224、l stakeholders and society through local upskilling,job creation,co-ownership,improved infrastructure and clean energy access for disadvantaged groups.121 Various guidelines and databases exist to support companies in this regard(see Box 4).Maximizing the socioeconomic impacts of offshore wind for l

225、ocal communities should be prioritized as part of the nature strategy.Avoid,then reduce,impacts across project life cycleDuring all phases of project construction,operations and decommissioning,the adoption of measures to avoid and minimize harm should become standard practice.Companies can reduce k

226、nown pressures on species and habitats and minimize seabed disturbance.For example,companies could select low-impact technologies and materials(e.g.quiet foundations)and plan construction activities with consideration for feeding and breeding seasons.Cabling is also an important element there are op

227、portunities to reduce seafloor disturbance and the number of points of interconnection at the coast by,for example,planning for meshed transmission options.In addition,implementing adaptive management practices for monitoring impacts on biodiversity during and after construction,and adjusting operat

228、ions based on the findings,can demonstrate industry commitment to continuous improvement and learning.As the industry grows and research and innovation advance,it is essential that new technologies contribute to the reduction of negative nature-related impacts.For example,while traditional noise mit

229、igation measures include the deployment of bubble curtains or other noise barriers,rsted has successfully piloted a new installation technology at its offshore wind farm in Germany that would replace pile driving.This new method could reduce Nature Positive:Role of the Offshore Wind Sector30underwat

230、er noise levels by 34 decibels,up to 99%compared to the most frequently used method.127 It would also reduce the impact of construction on the seabed and potentially be more cost-effective by replacing pile driving with lighter structures.Strengthen restoration and regeneration approachesConservatio

231、n prevents ongoing degradation,while restoration attempts to reverse previous degradation.128 With an estimated 60%of services provided by nature already degraded or being used unsustainably,129 conservation alone is insufficient.Restoration efforts must be employed.Leading developers are already pr

232、oactively implementing nature enhancement and restoration efforts at a site level.By rolling out nature-inclusive design,such as optimized scour and cable protection,artificial reefs and water replenishment holes,130 offshore wind farms can create marine shelters and reintroduce native species.131 D

233、evelopers can also use materials and coatings that are beneficial for the growth of native species while preventing invasive species from colonizing turbine structures.Prominent examples of nature-inclusive design include Vattenfalls Hollands Kust Zuid in the Netherlands,RWEs Kaskasi offshore wind f

234、arm in Germany,Equinors Hywind in Scotland,rsteds Borssele I&II in the Netherlands,and the successful re-introduction of flat oysters by the Rich North Sea in the Blauwwind wind farm.132Compensate for unavoidable residual impactsWhen companies have taken steps to rigorously apply the mitigation hier

235、archy,they should compensate for unavoidable residual impacts as a last resort after all other attempts at preventing or reducing impacts have been considered.133 Efforts should be aligned with an NNL or NPI goal for each project.It is important to note that there are certain cases where compensatio

236、n is not appropriateand should not be used.Compensation efforts should follow specific principles,such as those outlined by The Nature Conservancy,134 UNEP,135 IUCN,136 and the Business and Biodiversity Offsets Programme(BBOP),137 including additionality,equivalency,location and temporal considerati

237、ons.rsted collaborated with the Rich North Sea and Wageningen Marine Research to gain more knowledge on species behaviour and movement in the Dutch part of the North Sea.rsted provided four locations around one wind turbine within the Borssele I&II wind farm,where concrete pipes were placed as artif

238、icial reefs.Two of these sites have their own scour protection.Scientists from Wageningen Marine Research studied the behaviour of Atlantic cod and European lobster around these reefs in 2021 and 2022,using acoustic tags coupled to acoustic receivers.Studying the behaviour of species that inhabit of

239、fshore wind farm areas can lead to a better understanding of their hiding and area use preferences,and how these habitats develop.The project aimed to expand knowledge on artificial reef designs and the behaviour of cod and translocated European lobsters in this environment.Behavioural patterns reve

240、aled that cod used the artificial reefs extensively,with residency times of over several months,high site fidelity and extensive use of the structures as hiding places.As for the translocated European lobsters,the residency and fidelity associated with the artificial reefs was limited,despite some i

241、ndividuals exemplifying use of the structure over several days,including hiding.The results indicate that placing larger structures with a broad range of type of crevices can benefit species such as cod.It is one of rsteds key efforts to help widen the evidence base on how nature-inclusive solutions

242、 could be used in offshore wind farms,in collaboration with scientists andenvironmentalgroups.CASE STUDY 1How rsted collaborates with scientists on nature-inclusive solutions By rolling out nature-inclusive design,offshore wind farms can create marine shelters and re-introduce nativespecies.Nature P

243、ositive:Role of the Offshore Wind Sector31In 2021,Goldwind introduced the Measures for the Sustainable Management of Biological Natural Resources,a comprehensive framework outlining processes for biodiversity risk identification,impact assessment,monitoring,habitat protection and compensation manage

244、ment.These measures have guided the companys sustainability efforts ever since.When transporting unit components,Goldwind minimizes the negative impact on the marine ecosystem by strictly controlling pollutant emissions from transport vessels,planning efficient routes to avoid marine ecological rese

245、rves and using low-noise,low-vibration transport methods.During offshore wind farm construction,the company employs precise construction techniques and uses digital technology simulations to significantly reduce hoisting times,minimizing the impact of large-scale and long-term construction activitie

246、s on seabed terrain and marine life.In the operational phase,intelligent sensors and video surveillance installed throughout the wind farm create a comprehensive monitoring network.This system tracks bird and marine life activity in real time,enabling a deeper understanding of potential environmenta

247、l impacts and the development of effective mitigation strategies.CASE STUDY 2How Goldwind integrates nature considerations into business operations3.2 Avoid and reduce impacts on nature from components and materials through responsible sourcingBeyond their own direct operations,companies should enga

248、ge with their suppliers to tackle pollution and freshwater extraction from mining and metals,as well as electrical and machinery materials and waste production,throughout the value chain.When evaluating procurement opportunities,companies should prioritize suppliers with nature strategies in place,w

249、henever possible.As many companies may engage with the same suppliers,sector-wide cooperation among offshore wind developers and grid operators can signal collective demand and create stronger incentives for suppliers to act.In order to get started on addressing nature impacts in their supply chain,

250、companies can take the following actions:Conduct a holistic analysis of impacts,dependencies,risks and opportunities in supply chains,starting by assessing sourcing of high-impact commodities Transparently disclose nature-related information in their supply chains Incorporate nature-related consider

251、ations into procurement criteria and supplier assessments Engage with suppliers to maximize their sustainability performance;collaborate with industry associations and other companies tosignal nature-oriented incentives to suppliers,and improve product transparency and traceability At this stage,man

252、y suppliers will have made commitments and taken action to reduce GHG emissions(which is an important contribution to fighting nature loss)but may not have expanded their scope to include broader nature topics.GHG emissions are a good place to start supplier engagement,including the use of zero-emis

253、sions technology and low-carbon solutions whenever possible(e.g.clean fuel and electric vessels or low-carbon steel).To do this,it is recommended to conduct life cycle assessments(LCAs)for all offshore wind assets to improve understanding and transparency of carbon emissions.However,companies should

254、 support suppliers to aim beyond carbon and expand LCAs to important nature-related impacts,such as pollution,resource use,and waste and water management.For instance,EDP,138 Iberdrola,139 rsted,140 RWE141 and Goldwind142 have been working with manufacturers and circular economy start-ups to find pr

255、ogressive solutions for the recycling and retirement of wind blades to lower nature impacts in the supply chain.Companies should support suppliers to aim beyond carbon and expand LCAs to important nature-related impacts,such as pollution,resource use,and waste and water management.Priority action 2N

256、ature Positive:Role of the Offshore Wind Sector32In its product development process,Shanghai Electric Wind Power integrates green management throughout its product life cycle,aiming to minimize resource consumption,reduce environmental impact and maximize renewable materials.It focuses on addressing

257、 recyclability and noise issues in wind turbines by developing“green blades”through improvements in blade design,materials and recycling.In November 2023,the company partnered with key players to develop recyclable resin for blades,committing to a 95%or higher material recovery rate.By selecting eco

258、-friendly materials,it ensures over 95%of the blades composition is sustainable without altering the original design or manufacturing process.In terms of blade design and recycling,Shanghai Electric Wind Power tackles the issue of wind turbine noise through comprehensive low-noise turbine design.Add

259、itionally,the company is working towards achieving 100%recyclability of blade materials after decommissioning,advancing green solutions for wind power.CASE STUDY 3How Shanghai Electric advances circularity to reduce nature impactsNature Positive:Role of the Offshore Wind Sector333.3 Innovate product

260、 design to reduce material demand and support thenature-positive transitionIn the young and fast-growing offshore wind industry,innovative product design is crucial to improving efficiency,quality and market expansion.It could also be transformative in mitigating nature-related impacts and dependenc

261、y,supporting the nature-positive transition.Companies are already investing in technologies that are kickstarting the shift in the sectors business models.At the core of this transition is material innovation,which aims to improve the functionality of offshore wind turbines while reducing their envi

262、ronmental impacts and designing for nature enhancement.For instance,offshore wind structure designs that require fewer materials(e.g.lattice structures that use less steel)and those that are easier to disassemble improve practicality,potentially save costs and allow for better recycling and reuse.14

263、3,144 For example,Vestas has recently introduced their modular“click-on”nacelle design,which addresses the challenges of transporting large offshore wind components,facilitates customization and upgrades,and makes reuse easier.145One of the most significant innovations that could transform the indus

264、try and its impact on nature is the development of floating wind technologies.Floating wind is opening new sites for offshore wind installation in deeper waters(between 60-1,000 m).These locations farther out at sea typically have the advantages of stronger winds and lower competition with other mar

265、ine industries such as shallow-water fishing and aquaculture.146 Furthermore,floating wind has a lower impact on ocean use and noise than fixed-bottom turbines,as it requires less seabed infrastructure and avoids pile driving.The mooring of the anchors and subsea cables can also serve as artificial

266、reefs for invertebrates and small fishes.147While these technologies have potential nature-related benefits,other risks to nature may arise and must be proactively considered.For example,while floating turbines may reduce seabed disturbance,they may introduce new challenges,such as species entanglem

267、ent.Partnerships between offshore wind companies and start-ups and accelerators are crucial to enhance biodiversity knowledge and facilitate investments in nature innovation while supporting business model improvement.These should be sought before a new technology is deployed on-site to facilitate l

268、earning and further innovation across the wider industry.Coalitions such as the 1000 Ocean Startups provide a platform to connect the key players needed to accelerate innovation for ocean health.Offshore wind structures could also present an opportunity for testing nature-enhancing technologies in r

269、eal-life conditions,especially for the marine ecosystem.For example,Vattenfall collaborated with start-up Spoor to implement artificial intelligence(AI)technology that records the 3D flight behaviour of seabirds in the immediate vicinity of their offshore wind farm off the coast of Aberdeen.The info

270、rmation and data will be used to advance the understanding of collision risks and improve the planning of new offshore wind farms.148Since 2022,RWE has launched regular innovation competitions149 with the aim of recognizing start-ups that develop solutions to improve the impacts of offshore wind far

271、ms on marine biodiversity,circularity or system integration.The award helps winners accelerate the commercialization of their solutions,offering grant money,expert knowledge and the potential opportunity to deploy their technology at one of RWEs sites.RWEs latest competition on floating wind focused

272、 on the promotion of co-use to support local marine users(especially fisheries)and measures to address impact on wildlife.ARC Marine,the winner of RWEs Floating Wind Co-use Competition 2022,is known for their innovative Reef Cubes150 that create artificial reefs for marine life,offering aplastic-fre

273、e and low-carbon alternative to concrete.RWE is currently testing these nature-inclusive design reefs in theSwedish Baltic Sea,in collaboration with Linnaeus University and cable service provider Baltic Offshore Kalmar.The goal is to see how the artificial structures can create an attractive marine

274、habitat,particularly for blue mussels,algae and fish species.151CASE STUDY 4How RWE innovates and supports start-ups for marine biodiversity Offshore wind structures could also present an opportunity for testing nature-enhancing technologies in real-life conditions,especially for the marine ecosyste

275、m.Priority action 3Nature Positive:Role of the Offshore Wind Sector343.4 Actively support nature restoration and invest in nature-based solutions alongside local stakeholdersIn pursuing conservation and restoration,companies should start by following the mitigation hierarchy at a site level and addr

276、essing the impacts of their own activities.Yet,cross-industry contribution to systems-wide conservation and restoration beyond the site level with wider stakeholders is also vital to the sectors nature-positive efforts.The nature-inclusive design of wind farms can benefit certain species and habitat

277、s at the site level;however,off-site restoration may provide greater benefits tomigratory species than on-site action.There are many forms of marine restoration,which often need to complement each other to give optimal results.For example,Birdlife International outlines examples of marine restoratio

278、n measures in the European seas with added socioeconomic gains,from the restoration of coastal,sand dune and seagrass meadows to the restoration of fish migration paths and seabird nesting sites.152 By supporting these efforts,offshore wind developers can contribute to the overall health of these ma

279、rine ecosystems and create opportunities for local communities.This necessitates cross-industry collaboration as well as industry-science partnerships.The multi-use of offshore wind farms,in collaboration with local marine users and through marine spatial planning,should be explored.Seaweed,mussel a

280、nd oyster farming,passive crab fisheries and other types of fish farming are potentially economically viable activities.They can also generate blue biomass with fewer user conflicts while mitigating eutrophication and climate change.rsted is also currently piloting the integration of sustainable aqu

281、aculture activities in their Anholt offshore wind farm.153 Meanwhile,the first seaweed harvest has just begun at Vattenfalls offshore wind farm,Kriegers Flak(the largest in Scandinavia to date),in collaboration with mussel and seaweed producers and Danish universities.154In addition,companies are en

282、couraged to invest in credible and effective nature-based solutions,either through place-based conservation and restoration or through landscape and jurisdictional approaches.This involves partnering with environmental non-governmental organizations(NGOs),local governments and Indigenous Peoples.A 2

283、020 report estimated an average global biodiversity financing gap of$711 billion per year required for the protection,restoration and enhancement of nature,155 where the private sector has a key role to play in helping bridge this gap by investing in anature-positive transition.Target 19 of the Kunm

284、ing-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework proposes a number of innovative ways to mobilize resources from both the public and private sectors.For example,companies could consider investing in blue and green bonds,nature restoration funds,restoration of blue carbon ecosystems(mangroves,salt marshes

285、and seagrasses),156 and voluntary biodiversity certificates or credit markets.157 Through careful assessment of the advantages anddisadvantages of available products,companies can contribute to meaningful biodiversity conservation that is aligned with their internal values and targets.158 Contributi

286、on to systems-wide conservation and restoration beyond site level is vital in the sectors contribution to nature positive.Priority action 4Nature Positive:Role of the Offshore Wind Sector35In 2023,Attentive Energy partnered with New York Citys Billion Oyster Project to support marine ecosystem resto

287、ration in New York Harbor.This collaboration focuses on restoring oyster reefs,which are crucial to the local marine environment.Once abundant in the harbour,oysters play a crucial role in water filtration and shoreline protection,with each oyster filtering up to 50 gallons of water daily andcreatin

288、g natural barriers against erosion.The partnership helps expand the Billion Oyster Projects restoration efforts by providing financial and educational resources.These initiatives aim to restore a billion live oysters to the harbour by 2035,but also promote community involvement,engaging students and

289、 volunteers in hands-on restoration activities.This collaboration highlights the integration of renewable energy and marine restoration,demonstrating how the offshore wind industry can contribute to ecosystem rehabilitation.Attentive Energys commitment to sustainability through this project undersco

290、res the power of corporate-community partnerships in driving long-term ecological resilience.CASE STUDY 5How Attentive Energy supports the Billion Oyster Project3.5 Catalyse multistakeholder collaboration and contribute to wider policy andsystems changeThere are a number of alliances that bring toge

291、ther industries,governments,civil society,academia and other stakeholder groups to promote the timely deployment of offshore wind projects and grid infrastructure while protecting and restoring marine ecosystems.Some examples include the World Economic Forums Responsible Renewables Infrastructure In

292、itiative,the Offshore Coalition for Energy and Nature(OCEaN),the Global Initiative forNature,Grids and Renewables(GINGR),the Global Offshore Wind Alliance(GOWA)and Ocean Energy Pathway.Priority action 5Nature Positive:Role of the Offshore Wind Sector36Companies should use these alliances to drive sy

293、stem change.Specifically,through these platforms,companies can:Call on governments to strengthen nature-related policyOffshore wind companies can collectively call for more progressive policies and regulations that set the minimum standards for the sector on nature.Companies can advocate for governm

294、ents to:Develop inclusive marine spatial planning that helps select the right sites for the deployment of offshore wind,to maximize the benefits for nature and people.This should be done in collaboration with local communities and offshore wind businesses as well as other marine sectors such as fish

295、eries,aquaculture,ports and shipping.The High Level Panel for a Sustainable Ocean Economy countries,for instance,have started implementing an integrated approach to ocean management by developing Sustainable Ocean Plans.159 Support the operationalization of nature-related targets,such as site-level

296、NNL or NPI targets,for example,by providing guidelines on metrics(e.g.habitat classification for equivalency)and building supporting infrastructure(pliance mitigation systems and regulated biodiversity offset markets).Enhance regional and cross-border cooperation that adopts an integrated approach t

297、o offshore wind project rollout and ecosystem-based management.This approach can enhance the planning and execution of projects while greatly benefiting the monitoring of marine migratory species that cross the waters of several jurisdictions.In Europe,the North Seas Energy Cooperation160 is an exam

298、ple of such collaboration.In the US,the Regional Wildlife Science Collaborative for Offshore Wind(RWSC)supports regional cooperation in data collection and research activities.Deploy blended finance instruments,including concessional loans and equity,to enhance the global competitiveness and financi

299、al viability of offshore wind projects,especially in emerging markets.161Collaborate on data sharing and innovative research and developmentThere are significant knowledge gaps in the marine environment and data collection can be very costly.Data-sharing partnerships between businesses,research inst

300、itutions and environmental organizations is therefore crucial to fill biodiversity knowledge gaps and boost scientific understanding of the ocean.This will ultimately drive innovative,beneficial research and development for companies and identify opportunities for habitat protection and restoration.

301、Data sharing,however,needs to follow clear principles to ensure that the efforts are justified and that the data can be harmonized and effectively used(e.g.standard procedures in terms of data gathering,format,accessibility and compatibility).Furthermore,while the offshore wind sector is in a strong

302、 position to contribute to the data repertoire,collaboration with other sectors is essential to the understanding of cumulative impacts across the seascape.Organizations such as HUB Ocean are collecting and harmonizing large amounts of ocean data on a collaborative platform with the aim of benefitin

303、g both the environment and ocean-dependent industries.Multistakeholder efforts to strengthen data collection and sharing mechanisms have also accelerated,such as the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organizations(UNESCO-IOC)Ocean De

304、cade Corporate Data Group,162 the Crown Estates data sharing platform163 and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility.Collaborate to harmonize impact assessments and monitoring and evaluation frameworksCompanies should collaborate to build a common approach to assessing and reporting impacts on

305、nature in the sector.A unified framework across offshore wind stakeholders to evaluate,quantify and report on nature-related impacts will enable consistent and transparent evaluations across the sector.It will also guide better tenders and permitting processes for governments and support financial i

306、nstitutions in aligning their financing with demonstrably sustainable practices.164,165 A number of initiatives have emerged to support companies in this gap.For example,the World Economic Forums Responsible Renewables Infrastructure Initiative166 is working with industry leaders and civil society o

307、rganizations to create a consensus on measuring the impact of renewables infrastructure on nature and people.From there,it will guide infrastructure buildout on the ground as well as government auctions and permitting processes.Offshore wind companies can collectively call for more progressive polic

308、ies and regulations that set the minimum standards for the sector on nature.Nature Positive:Role of the Offshore Wind Sector37Get started4The imperatives to tackle carbon emissions and nature loss are interdependent,requiring companies to integrate their nature-positive and net-zero strategies.Natur

309、e Positive:Role of the Offshore Wind Sector38While many companies in the offshore wind sector have already embarked on their nature journey and embraced the five priority actions,making transformative changes to business models by 2030 demands significant time and resource investments from companies

310、.Delivering net-zero emissions and tackling nature loss are highly interdependent goals.Climate change is a main driver of biodiversity loss,and efforts to tackle climate change cannot succeed without safeguarding nature.Therefore,the nature-positive transition aligns closely with companies net-zero

311、 commitments and should be integrated into their climate transition plans.Likewise,companies should ensure that social objectives are integrated for a just and equitable nature-positive transition.Guidance is emerging on how to develop nature transition plans or adapt net-zero transition plans toinc

312、lude nature and biodiversity commitments andobjectives supported by several institutions.For example:Its Now for Natures Nature Strategy Handbook is a practical guide to support businesses across sectors in developing anature strategy.TNFD will publish new guidance in 2025 on recommendations for nat

313、ure transition plans for real-economy companies and financial institutions.This document was launched for public consultation in October 2024.CDP and the World Wide Fund for Nature(WWF)are developing transition planning recommendations,including practical guidance on tools and methodology.Glasgow Fi

314、nancial Alliance for Net Zero(GFANZ)has published a framework for net-zero transition planning for financial institutions and will release guidance on integrating nature into these plans in early 2025.167 This document was launched for public consultation in October2024.4.1 Align strategy with organ

315、izational maturityAssessing organizational readiness and maturity can help a company understand its performance on the nature-positive journey and identify the most suitable guidance and tools to drive action.Table 5 details recommended actions to deliver a nature-positive strategy mapped to an orga

316、nizations level of readiness and maturity.Mapping the components of a nature-positive strategy against organizational maturityTABLE 5Components of a nature-positive strategyOrganizational maturityStarting and developingAdvanced and leadingSummary Identify nature-related issues Set a high-level ambit

317、ion and/or targets for nature Present stand-alone actions on nature Integrate nature into strategy and governance Assess impacts and dependencies for all potentially relevant realms Set measurable and science-based targets for nature Implement strategic action,redefine industry business models and m

318、obilize the whole value chainFoundations Employ sectoral averages for high-level screening to discern priority effects on nature Use secondary data for materiality assessments togauge priority impacts and nature dependencies,considering factors like environmental pollution Use tools and guidance suc

319、h as ENCORE,168 SBTNs guidance for businesses,Aqueduct from WRI,169 TNFDs upcoming transition planning guidance,WWFs biodiversity risk filter and water risk filter,170 UN Environmental Programme Finance Initiative(UNEP-FI)s report on high-risk sectors171 and the Integrated Biodiversity Assessment To

320、ol(IBAT)172 Refine materiality assessment by measuring impacts and dependencies on nature using primary operations data and environmental indicators,and undertake an in-depth analysis of significant risks and opportunities,understanding their influence on financial statements Maintain a comprehensiv

321、e grasp of organizational resilience with an actionable plan for managing nature risks and opportunities Perform thorough valuations of all priority areas,considering trade-offs,using value chain data and recognizing the mutual benefits for business and society Use tools and guidance such as ENCORE,

322、SBTNs step 1 assess,step 2 prioritize and TNFDs LEAP approach,Aqueduct from WRI,WWFs biodiversity risk filter and water risk filter,UNEP-FIs report on high-risk sectors and the IBAT The nature-positive transition aligns closely with companies net-zero commitments and should be integrated into theirc

323、limate transition plans.Nature Positive:Role of the Offshore Wind Sector39Components of a nature-positive strategyOrganizational maturityStarting and developingAdvanced and leadingImplementation strategy and engagement strategy Develop sustainable procurement policies with suppliers that have nature

324、-focused elements Prioritize actions to avoid and reduce negative impacts in the companys direct operations and upstream supply chain Implement initial traceability for primary suppliers Be aware of NBSAPs and recognize the interdependence of nature and climate in advocacyefforts Adopt a circular st

325、rategy and embrace regenerative principles by linking capital to nature-positive outcomes and by involving all stakeholders,including employees,clients and customers Establish advanced traceability for key materials and ensure supplier alignment,expand traceability throughout product life cycle and

326、encourage innovative supplier collaborations Engage actively in NBSAPs,champion nature-positive outcomes and advocate for integrated reforms benefiting nature,climate and societyMetrics and targets Set nature-positive goals on a timeline using the SMART(specific,measurable,achievable,relevant and ti

327、me-bound)approach Validate commitments using third-party stakeholders Detail and report on targets for nature-related risks andopportunities based on TNFDs Recommendations173 Prepare for science-based targets on land and freshwater by using SBTNs step 3 set targetsGovernance Assign a management memb

328、er for nature-based risks,ideally overseeing both climate and nature Incorporate nature into environmental risk management,especially within enterprise risk management(ERM),environmental,social and governance(ESG)and sustainability teams Train governance roles on the connection between nature and wi

329、der ESG risks Ensure board or senior management ownership ofnature actions Tie performance on nature and climate to leadershipincentives Set up governance structures for managing,reporting and overseeing nature-based risks and actions on nature across the organization,including informing relevant bo

330、ard-level committeesMapping the components of a nature-positive strategy against organizational maturity(continued)TABLE 5Nature Positive:Role of the Offshore Wind Sector404.2 A deeper look at metrics to support decision-making Companies need to track and publicly report ontheir actions against rele

331、vant metrics to strengthen their credibility and ensure they deliver an effective transition.TNFDs LEAP approachTNFD offers sector-specific and sector-agnostic guidance on metrics,which should be the first port of call.A good place to start within TNFDs resources available is the Guidance for corpor

332、ates on science-based targets for nature,published jointly by TNFD and SBTN.174 TNFD differentiates between assessment metrics and disclosure metrics along the four phases of the LEAP approach175(see Figure10):Locate interface with nature Evaluate dependencies and impacts Assess material risks and o

333、pportunities Prepare to respond and reportTypes of metrics in TNFDs LEAP approachFIGURE 10Locateinterface with natureEvaluatedependencies and impacts on natureAssessmaterial risks and opportuntiesPrepareto respond and reportAssessment metricsTypes ofmetricsLEAPapproachDisclosure metricsLocationprioritization metrics Ecosystem integrity Biodiversity importance Physical water risks Other corporate d