《世界銀行（WBG）：2025無障礙通用建筑規范檢查清單（英文版）（64頁）.pdf》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關《世界銀行（WBG）：2025無障礙通用建筑規范檢查清單（英文版）（64頁）.pdf（64頁珍藏版）》請在三個皮匠報告上搜索。

1、BUILDING CODE CHECKLIST FOR UNIVERSAL ACCESSIBILITY Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedBBUILDING CODE CHECKLIST FOR STRUCTURAL RESILIENCE Elevator buttons with braille.PyroskyBUILDING CODE CHECKLIST FOR UNIVERSAL ACCESSIBIL

2、ITY 2025 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank 1818 H Street NW,Washington,DC 20433 Telephone:+1-202-473-1000;Internet:www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved.This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank and the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recove

3、ry(GFDRR).The findings,interpretations,and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank,its Board of Executive Directors,or the governments they represent.The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy,completeness,or currency of the data included in this

4、 work and does not assume responsibility for any errors,omissions,or discrepancies in the information,or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information,methods,processes,or conclusions set forth.The boundaries,colors,denominations,and other information shown on any map in thi

5、s work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The Worl

6、d Bank,all of which are specifically reserved.Rights and Permissions.This work is subject to copyright.Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge,this work may be reproduced,in whole or in part,for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given.Attribu

7、tion.Please cite this work as follows:World Bank.Building Code Checklist for Universal Accessibility(English).Washington,D.C.:World Bank Group.Credits:The World Bank Group.Translations.If you create a translation of this work,please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution:This transl

8、ation was not created by The World Bank and should not be considered an official World Bank translation.The World Bank shall not be liable for any content or error in this translation.Adaptations.If you create an adaptation of this work,please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution:

9、This is an adaptation of an original work by The World Bank.Views and opinions expressed in the adaptation are the sole responsibility of the author or authors of the adaptation and are not endorsed by The World Bank.Third-party content.The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the c

10、ontent contained within the work.The World Bank therefore does not warrant that the use of any third-party-owned individual component or part contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of those third parties.The risk of claims resulting from such infringements rests solely with you.If you

11、 wish to reuse a component of the work,it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that reuse and to obtain permission from the copyright owner.Examples of components can include,but are not limited to,tables,figures,or images.All queries on rights and licenses,including

12、subsidiary rights,should be addressed to World Bank Publications,The World Bank Group,1818 H Street NW,Washington,DC 20433,USA;e-mail:pubrightsworldbank.orgGraphic design:ULTRA designs,Inc.Cover,inside and back cover photos:FG Trade/ Inside back cover photo:fotografixx/3 Table of ContentsAcknowledgm

13、ents 5List of Acronyms 61.Overview 82.Introduction 103.Objectives 154.Guidance:How to Use the Building Code Checklist for Universal Accessibility 175.Key Concepts in Universal Accessibility Components in Building Regulations 226.Building Code Checklist for Universal Accessibility 26Appendix A:Exampl

14、es of Implementation Policy 42Appendix B:Glossary of Terms 574BUILDING CODE CHECKLIST FOR STRUCTURAL RESILIENCE Photo:mediaphotos/5 AcknowledgmentsThis checklist was developed jointly by two thematic areas of works by the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery(GFDRR)namely,Building Regu

15、lation for Resilience(BRR)and Inclusive Disaster Risk Management and Gender Equality.It was initially prepared by OHerlihy Access Consultancy,under the leadership of Eoin OHerlihy and Clodagh Dodd,with support from Vicente Garca Moreno,Esteban Baez Rodriguez,Zandalee Slabbert,and Ximena Ponce Andaur

16、,building on preliminary research carried out by Aditi Khodke(Consultant,World Bank)and Maria Jesus Ferreira Trujillo(Analyst,World Bank),and finalized by Andres Balcazar de la Cruz(Consultant,World Bank)and Barbara Minguez Garcia(Consultant,World Bank),under the guidance of Keiko Sakoda(Senior Disa

17、ster Risk Management Specialist,World Bank),Ana Campos Garcia(Lead Disaster Risk Management Specialist,World Bank),Zoe Elena Trohanis(Lead Disaster Risk Management Specialist,World Bank),and Mirtha Liliana Escobar(Senior Disaster Risk Management Specialist,World Bank).Katherine Coates(Consultant,Wor

18、ld Bank)and Simone Balog-Way(Consultant,World Bank)provided technical inputs.The team is grateful for the valuable technical advice provided by global experts:Colette Fransolet(Chief Universal Access Consultant,Inclusive Design),Kimberly Paarlberg(Senior Staff Architect,International Code Council),M

19、arnie Peters(President,Access Simplified),Mei-Yee Man Oram(Associate Director,Arup),Subhash Chandra Vashishth(Co-Founder and Director,Centre for Accessibility in Built Environment Foundation),and Marsha Mazz(Director,Accessibility Codes and Standards,Accessibility Services Program,United Spinal Asso

20、ciation).Helpful peer review comments were provided by Jian Vun(Senior Disaster Risk Management Specialist,World Bank),Yuko Arai(Senior Urban Specialist,World Bank),and Swati Sachdeva(Urban Specialist,World Bank)through the peer review process chaired by Niels B.Holm-Nielsen(Practice Manager,World B

21、ank).The team would like to extend its appreciation to the World Bank Global Corporate Solutions Translation and Interpretation Services for editorial assistance,and Ultra Design,Inc.for graphic design.6BUILDING CODE CHECKLIST FOR STRUCTURAL RESILIENCE List of AcronymsBCA Building Control Authority(

22、Singapore)BRCA Building Regulatory Capacity Assessment 2.0BRR Building Regulation for ResilienceDRM Disaster Risk ManagementGFDRR Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and RecoveryLRV Light Reflectance ValueICT Information and Communications TechnologyISO International Organization for Standardizat

23、ionLHAC League of Historical and Accessible Cities(Europe)TWSI Tactile Walking Surface IndicatorsUDi Universal Design IndexUN United NationsUNCRPD United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with DisabilitiesUNICEF United Nations Childrens FundUNWTO United Nations World Tourism OrganizationWC

24、 Water Closet(toilet or toilet room)WHO World Health Organization7 List of Figures and TablesFigure 1.Scope of the different BRR tools 9Figure 2.International progress toward Universal Accessibility 13Figure 3.Steps to be taken in a systematic review of code provisions for universal accessibility 18

25、Figure 4.Fundamental Universal Accessibility Components and Subcomponents 23Figure 5.Types of policy to advance Universal Accessibility and examples of good practices 44Figure 6.The Accessibility Fund in Singapore 45Figure 7.The Virginia Liveable Homes Tax Credit(LHTC)program 46Figure 8.Criteria for

26、 subsidized housing loans in Japan 46Figure 9.Housing reforms,Moradia e Accesso program,Rio de Janeiro 47Figure 10.BPASS accessibility pass of Germany and The Netherlands,and Housing Performance Indicator System of Japan 48Figure 11.Singapore BCAs Universal Design Index 49Figure 12.Indias comic book

27、 for children:Priya,the Accessibility Warrior 51Figure 13.Photo-Digest of Ten Basic Features of Accessibility,India 52Figure 14.Detail from UNICEFs Toolkit on Accessibility in Emergencies 53Figure 15.New Urban Agenda and Convention of Rights of Persons with Disabilities(UNCRPD)53Figure 16.Details fr

28、om LHAC checklist 54Figure 17.UNWTO Reopening Tourism for Travelers with Disabilities report 55Figure 18.Changing Places initiative 56Figure 19.“Find your friendly building”app,Singapore 57Figure 20.“baby metro”app,Japan 57Figure 21.“Accessible Zagreb”app,Croatia 58Figure 22.The Sugamya Bharat App,I

29、ndia 58Figure 23.Accessible Ethiopia,Addis Ababa guide 58Table 1.Three ways to integrate Universal Accessibility in building regulations 21Table 2.Checklist for the Review of Universal Accessibility Provisions in Building Regulations 278BUILDING CODE CHECKLIST FOR STRUCTURAL RESILIENCE1.Overview1.Ov

30、erview Rapid urbanization and population growth are driving the construction of new buildings,with global building stocks expected to double in the next 15 to 20 years.1 While such trends will represent significant development advances and offer economic growth opportunities,concern remains regardin

31、g the resilience and safety of both new and aging building stocks,increased energy and water consumption,and accessibility of the existing and evolving built environment and infrastructure.This increase in development will result in greater exposure to climate and disaster risks due to the evolving

32、impacts of climate change,depending on where urbanization growth occurs,and the standards of construction.Additional vulnerabilities can be compounded in unregulated and informal settlements where buildings are constructed on risky sites,with high density,using substandard building materials,and fai

33、ling to implement safe design and construction practices.The combination of urbanization and climate change poses significant challenges for countries and cities to form a comprehensive set of regulatory and policy instruments to guide a more resilient,sustainable,and accessible built environment.Th

34、e World Banks Disaster Risk Management(DRM)engagements support countries 1 Global Alliance for Buildings and Construction,2022 Global Status Report for Buildings and Construction:unep.org/resources/publication/2022-global-status-report-buildings-and-construction 2 gfdrr.org/en/publication/building-r

35、egulation-resilience-0 3 gfdrr.org/en/building-regulation-for-resilience 4 gfdrr.org/en/publication/building-regulatory-capacity-assessment-brca-20-methodology to design and implement a diverse range of investments for risk reduction and preparedness.Among various approaches,improving the building r

36、egulatory framework and implementation capacity proves to be one of the most cost-effective means of reducing underlying climate and disaster risks,in combination with investments for physical structural improvements and retrofits.2 In this context,the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Reco

37、very(GFDRR)s global thematic area Building Regulation for Resilience(BRR)aims to promote resilient,green,healthy,and inclusive built environments through enhanced regulatory frameworks and implementation capacities.The BRR offers technical support and advisory services to assist governments through

38、analysis of existing regulatory frameworks and implementation capacity to identify policy reforms most urgently needed,and relevant investment activities,underpinned by knowledge of global good practices.3 To facilitate such process,the BRR offers practical tools as highlighted in Figure 1.While the

39、 Building Regulatory Capacity Assessment(BRCA 2.0)4 is a methodology to analyze a countrys existing regulatory framework and implementation capacity with a view toward 9Chapter21.Overview9Chapter11.OverviewChapter1distilling a set of targeted recommendations for countries for priority actions,a set

40、of Building Code Checklists is a practical tool to facilitate assessment of coverage and depth of building code provisions,focusing on four major elements:structural resilience,fire safety,green buildings,and universal accessibility(this document).A set of Building Code Checklists helps countries go

41、vernments and code development bodies(or professionals commissioned by governments)to assess their own codes against consolidated checklists referring to global good examples and thereby identify potential areas for further elaboration.The Building Code Checklist for Universal Accessibility provides

42、 a systematic approach to review building code provisions,with a focus on universal accessibility in the built environment and ensure consideration for persons with different abilities and of all ages(the elderly,pregnant women,and children)during the design,construction and operation processes.It i

43、s a valuable resource for building professionals seeking to create inclusive,safe,and accessible spaces for all individuals.Legislation(Mandatory)BuildingActInformationGuidanceAlternativeSolutionsDemonstrateCompliance withPerformance CriteriaCited InformationBuilding Regulatory Capacity Assessment(B

44、RCA):A tool to review the overall regulatory frameworkBuilding Code Checklists:A set of tools to review the provisions of a building code,focusing on four major topicsstructural resiliencegreen buildingsfire safetyuniversalaccessibilitySource:Figure adapted and modified from the original figure by B

45、uilding and maintaining New Zealands homes and buildings.Figure 1.Scope of the different BRR toolsAcceptable SolutionsVerification MethodsBuilding CodeObjective,Functional Requirements,Performance Criteria102.Introduction2.1 Importance of Inclusion in Building RegulationsInclusive access in the buil

46、t environment is not just a matter of compliance but a societal imperative.With the global population living with different kinds of abilities and needs and the senior population expected to rise sharply,accessible environments are crucial for promoting equity and equality.Universal accessibility in

47、 building design enables people of all ages and abilities to lead independent lives,thus integrating a diverse workforce into the economy and enriching the fabric of society.Almost 60 percent of the worlds population will live in cities by 2070.5 These urban populations are diverse,encompassing indi

48、viduals with different types of impairments,5 World Cities Report 2022:https:/unhabitat.org/wcr/and the built environment should meet their various needs.2.2 Diverse Needs and Accessibility ChallengesFully understanding the needs of people with various abilities,the elderly,children and their caregi

49、vers,and those with temporary disabilities,is crucial to creating a universally accessible environment.By acknowledging the barriers these groups face,we can work toward a more inclusive world where every individual has the opportunity to participate fully and equally in society.Persons with disabil

50、ities:According to the World Health Organization(WHO)s Global report on health equity for persons with 11Chapter22.intrOduCtiOndisabilities(2022),6 16 percent of the worlds population,roughly 1.3 billion people,live with some form of disability.This number is likely to grow for reasons that include

51、conflicts,disasters,forced displacements,and aging.7 Persons with disabilities face higher rates of multidimensional poverty than persons without disabilities.8 They encounter attitudinal,institutional,informational and environmental barriers that hinder their full and effective access and participa

52、tion in society on an equal basis with others.Persons with temporary disabilities:Some impairments can be encountered by any individual during their lifespan.According to the WHO,almost all persons will experience either a temporary or a permanent disability at some time in their life.9 Any person m

53、ay have a temporary disability due to a physical or psychological condition that causes short-term impairments.Persons with temporary disabilities include those with broken limbs,concussions,temporary hearing/sight loss,temporary nerve damage and any other 6 Global report on health equity for person

54、s with disabilities:https:/www.who.int/publications/i/item/97892400636007 World Bank GPURL Guidance Note on Disability Inclusion:https:/documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/437451528442789278/pdf/Disability-inclusion-and-accountability-framework.pdf 8 Pinilla-Roncancio,M.and Alkire,S.(2017).How poor

55、are people with disabilities around the globe?A multidimensional perspective,OPHI Research in Progress 48a,Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative(OPHI),University of Oxford:https:/ophi.org.uk/publication/RP-48a 9 WHO Disability:https:/www.who.int/health-topics/disability#tab=tab_1 10 UNDP:A

56、geing,older persons and the 2030 agenda for sustainable development:https:/www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2017/08/Ageing-Older-Persons-and-2030-Agenda_Issues-Brief-low-resolution-.pdf 11 Ageing and disability|United Nations Enable:http:/social.desa.un.org/issues/disabil

57、ity/disability-issues/ageing-and-disability 12 World Bank Data13 Strategic Note on UNICEFs Work for Children in Urban Settings:https:/www.unicef.org/media/133771/file/14 World Bank Data.Fertility rates:https:/data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.TFRT.IN?name_desc=false short-term impairments or funct

58、ional limitations following an accident,traumatic incident,surgery or medical treatment.Senior population:Meanwhile,by 2030,one in six people or 16percent of the global population,will be 60 years or over,resulting in an increased number and proportion of older persons in the total global population

59、:a projected growth of 56 percent from 901 million to 1.4 billion.10 It is currently estimated that over 46 percent of persons over the age of 60 experience moderate to severe disability,according to the United Nations.11 Children and care providers:Furthermore,approximately 25 percent of the worlds

60、 population is below the age of 15.12 In 2020,UNICEF estimated that 1.18 billion children live in urban areas.13 The number of births worldwide is currently estimated at 2.3 per women,meaning that the average woman will be pregnant at least twice during her lifetime.14 Pregnant women will encounter

61、temporary mobility challenges,and caregivers will benefit greatly from an 12BUILDING CODE CHECKLIST FOR UNIVERSAL ACCESSIBILITY2.intrOduCtiOnaccessible built environment while carrying small babies and children.2.3 Defining Universal AccessibilityUniversal Accessibility is a design philosophy that a

62、ims to make environments usable for as broad a group of people as possible,regardless of age or ability.It is about creating an inclusive world which allows everyone to participate without barriers.While the term“universal accessibility”is widely used,there is no commonly agreed definition,and varia

63、tions are used by different professionals and institutions in different contexts.In the World Banks Environmental and Social Framework,universal access is described as“unimpeded access for people of all ages and abilities,which should be incorporated into project design for new facilities and review

64、ed for existing facilities”.15The World Bank defines the concept of universal access as applying“both to the built environment(for example,schools,community water,sanitation facilities,bus terminals,and public playgrounds)and virtual environments(for example,smart villages/city interfaces,online lea

65、rning,government portals to access social benefits),and it also applies to the design and delivery of services(for example,skills development programs,cash transfers).”1615 World Bank.Environmental and Social Framework:https:/pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/837721522762050108/environmental-and-social-frame

66、work.pdf and https:/documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/573841530208492785/Environment-and-Social-Framework-ESF-Good-Practice-Note-on-Disability-English.pdf 16 World Bank.Disability Inclusion and Accountability Framework:https:/documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/

67、437451528442789278/disability-inclusion-and-accountability-framework 17 Source:Center for Universal Design,North Carolina State University.18 Source:Design for All Foundation.While this checklist uses that definition,it recognizes the appropriate use of alternative terminology and concepts,such as u

68、niversal design(usable by all people,to the greatest extent possible,without the need for adaptation)17 and design for all(interventions into environments,products and services which aim to ensure that anyone,including future generations,regardless of age,gender,capacities or cultural background,can

69、 enjoy equal opportunities to participate in social,economic,cultural and leisure activities).182.4 Global Efforts for Universal AccessibilityThe movement toward universal accessibility has been shaped by various global efforts,responding to the needs of a diverse population,including persons of dif

70、ferent ages and abilities.Its history reveals the influence of societal changes.This evolution is marked by key legislation,design principles,and international conventions,coalescing as a set of comprehensive guidelines that underscore the necessity to create and maintain an accessible built environ

71、ment for all users.These efforts recognize the challenges posed by existing infrastructures and the importance of adapting them to meet universal accessibility standards,as outlined in various international and national examples.13Chapter22.intrOduCtiOnHistorically,building code provision for univer

72、sal accessibility arose primarily from the needs of persons with disabilities who faced discrimination and bias.People with diverse abilities and access needs must navigate buildings and facilities.In many countries,their shared needs gave rise to a movement in society,particularly following World W

73、ar I and II,when a large number of people with some kind of disability were expecting to rejoin society after receiving rehabilitation19.Over the 19 https:/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25941048/years,accessibility considerations have evolved and expanded to accommodate the wider needs of different user g

74、roups,such as,but not limited to,people with limited mobility,low visual capacity,hearing impairments,elderly persons,people with cognitive impairments,pregnant women,caretakers of minors,children and seniors.Significant advances have been made to establish universal accessibility and equality recom

75、mendations,legislation and rights for all,as shown in the timeline in Figure 2.Figure 2.International progress toward Universal Accessibility 1950European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.1990Americans with Disabilities Act(ADA).2006United Nations Convention on

76、the Rights of Persons with Disabilities(UNCRPD).2018World Bank Groups Commitments on Disability-Inclusive Development.19821992The United Nations Decade of People with Disabilities 2015Sustainable Development Goals(SGDs)1961First recognition of accessible design in the US by the American National Sta

77、ndards Institute.1993UN Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities.1995Principles of Universal Design formulated at the University of North Carolina Centre for Universal Design.2009Council of Europe publishes the Recommendation to member states on achieving Uni

78、versal Design.2021ISO 21542-Accessibility and Usability of the Built Environment.2022World Banks Disability Inclusion and Accountability Framework.Source:Developed by authors based on the mentioned references.14BUILDING CODE CHECKLIST FOR UNIVERSAL ACCESSIBILITY2.intrOduCtiOn2.5 International,Region

79、al,and National Standards for Universal AccessibilityAccessibility considerations have evolved and expanded to recognize the unique challenges presented by the existing built environment and buildings,including sites of historical significance.In recent years,more countries have put in place legisla

80、tive mechanisms to address universal accessibility within existing buildings.For example,these countries have introduced equality and disability legislation that requires services being provided in existing buildings to be accessible and usable for all.Recognizing varied needs of the global populati

81、on,international,regional,and national institutions are collaborating to forge standards that pave the way for accessible and inclusive built environments.This collective effort aims to ensure that our built environment not only meets the diverse requirements of its inhabitants but also embodies the

82、 principles of inclusivity,safety,and usability for people of all ages and abilities.Examples include:international standards like ISO 21452:2021 Building construction Accessibility and usability of the built environment for the design of accessible built environments;and regional standards like EN

83、17210:2021 Accessibility and usability of the built environment,issued by the European Committee for Standardization.While many countries start by achieving no more than minimum compliance,some have come to see the larger societal benefits a country can achieve by developing truly universally access

84、ible built environmentspromoting a more inclusive society through regulatory and policy instruments.153.ObjectivesA robust building regulatory framework should include a comprehensive set of universal accessibility provisions as well as structural resilience,fire safety,green building,sustainability

85、,and environmental requirements.To establish a framework that is both inclusive and practical,the Building Code Checklist for Universal Accessibility has been designed to help building professionals to enhance the universal accessibility aspect of the built environment.The checklist serves as a prac

86、tical tool for policy makers,officials involved in the development of codes,regulations,and standards,and construction sector professionals(such as architects and engineers),as well as World Bank Task Team Leaders and task teams to leverage regulatory reform opportunities for making buildings and sp

87、aces accessible to everyone.Likewise,as it has been specifically formulated to assist in reviewing the universal accessibility provisions of building codes,it helps governments to address these crucial elements in building code updates effectively and systematically.The checklists dual purpose is as

88、:i)an assessment tool for understanding and enhancing current universal accessibility codes and provisions;and also ii)a reference model outlining critical components drawn from global examples.In other words,it is both an assessment framework for existing codes,and a guideline for updates or the fo

89、rmulation of new codes.Although the checklist is written for ease of use by readers without specialized knowledge,it is shaped by the input of experts in universal accessibility regulations and design.Their expertise is instrumental in navigating the intricacies involved in codifying accessibility w

90、ithin building regulations.16BUILDING CODE CHECKLIST FOR UNIVERSAL ACCESSIBILITY3.ObjeCtivesThis checklist is designed to work with other modules of Building Code Checklists for fire safety,green buildings,and structural resilience.These modules have been applied together and proven to be useful in

91、assisting the review of building codes and relevant regulations or standards in specific countries as part of World Bank financed operations including Development Policy Operations(for example,to assess the readiness of an updated building code as a prior action)and Investment Project Financing(for

92、example,to identify the scope of investment activities on building code development/updates).The use of the checklist series could work alongside other sector-specific guidance notes,such as the upcoming World Bank“Resilient,Green,and Inclusive Health Facilities:Guidance on Planning,Design,and Opera

93、tion”(2025),and similar applications to other sectors could be explored depending on demands.This checklist is followed by Appendix A:Implementation Policy Examples,which shares global good practice examples of implementation policies for universal accessibility provisions in the built environment f

94、rom 21 countries,which can serve as inspiration for other countries now planning analogous journeys to make their built environments and societies more inclusive and accessible.The checklist concludes with Appendix B:Glossary of Terms,which provides definitions of key technical terms used in this do

95、cument.174.Guidance:How to Use the Building Code Checklist for Universal AccessibilityA systematic approach for reviewing universal accessibility provisions in building codes is encapsulated in Figure 3.It guides practitioners through a sequence of steps.Although it may be possible to complete some

96、parts of the checklist without specific expertise and experience in universal design practices and regulations,a thorough consideration of the regulatory landscape and relevant knowledge could make the assessment findings more comprehensive and insightful.Ideally,the reviewers would include speciali

97、sts with a good understanding of a countrys accessibility issues as well as international subject-matter experts familiar with a wide range of building codes with universal accessibility provisions and broader building regulatory frameworks.Priority questions have been identified to permit a shorter

98、,partial assessment that can be carried out quickly,yielding a high-level overview:focusing on areas where codes have been found to have critical gaps in past reviews.18BUILDING CODE CHECKLIST FOR UNIVERSAL ACCESSIBILITY4.GuidanCe:HOw tO use tHe buildinG COde CHeCklist fOr universal aCCessibility Fi

99、gure 3.Steps to be taken in a systematic review of code provisions for universal accessibilityUndertake a systematic reviewWhen assessing regulatory texts for universal accessibility,it is essential to pay attention to components and subcomponents outlined in the checklists provided:Map specific pro

100、visions within the regulations to the items listed in the universal accessibility checklists found in Chapter 6;Examine the language used in the regulations for clarity and precision to ensure that they can be interpreted and implemented effectively;Determine if the regulations adequately cite estab

101、lished standards and if these references are consistent and compatible;Look for the inclusion of both mandatory and nonmandatory guidance,assessing clarity and degree of integration into the regulations;and Ensure consistency in any guidance provided,to support uniform application and adherence to t

102、he regulations.Understand overall regulatory frameworkIdentify all governmental departments and agencies responsible for,or with jurisdiction over,universal accessibility,and associated laws and regulations that impact the design and use of accessible spaces.This involves examining legislation,regul

103、ations,standards and guidelines pertaining to urban planning,building design,and use,with attention to the intersection between buildings/urban spaces and the specifics of transportation infrastructure,to ensure that diverse accessibility requirements are met.Identify and catalog the sections relate

104、d to universal accessibility provisions within various codes,regulations,and standards such as those governing planning,building codes,and other regulations,including any referenced international,regional,and national regulations and standards.Universal accessibility provisions may not all be neatly

105、 collated in building codes only(see Table 1),and users may need to look at broader regulatory frameworks to identify appropriate sets of codes,regulations and standards to examine.Even countries where universal accessibility provisions are fully integrated as part of building codes/regulations,some

106、 codes/regulations may have dedicated chapters,while others may integrate these provisions within sections like building services,or fire safety.For example,specific codes for certain types of buildings,like health care facilities,might detail universal accessibility requirements tailored to their u

107、nique needs,yet leave egress requirementscrucial for safe evacuationto be found elsewhere,within fire safety rules or in a specialized subsection of the regulation.Identify Universal Accessibility regulations and chapters19Chapter44.GuidanCe:HOw tO use tHe buildinG COde CHeCklist fOr universal aCCes

108、sibility Assess provisions in a country contextConsider the regulatory and market capacity required to interpret and act upon the regulatory provisions in a manner that can be expected to achieve the universal accessibility objectives for buildings that are compliant with the regulations.Examine if

109、the regulatory framework allows for“reasonable accommodations”modifications or adjustmentswhen it is not feasible to meet certain requirements:this ensures that accessibility can be achieved through alternative solutions.Review the local systems for testing,approving,and accrediting construction mat

110、erials and designs,such as measuring door opening forces or the slip resistance of surface finishes,to ensure they comply with accessibility standards.Assess interface with other regulations Review the interface between provisions related to universal accessibility and other sections and regulations

111、 as appropriate,to analyze how universal accessibility standards interact with other regulatory areas,such as urban planning,building services,and public safety,and confirm that accessibility considerations are integrated within them.Finalize the checklist responses and distil recommendationsAfter c

112、ompletion of the checklist,the reviewer should identify and summarize key areas of potential opportunities for enhancement in coverage and depth in the form of technical recommendations for stakeholders.This summary should note any constraints on the review(such as restricted access to information o

113、r resources)and address specific concerns or questions that may have prompted the review.20BUILDING CODE CHECKLIST FOR UNIVERSAL ACCESSIBILITY4.GuidanCe:HOw tO use tHe buildinG COde CHeCklist fOr universal aCCessibility 4.1 Reviewing Components within the Country Context While robust building regula

114、tions incorporate the universal accessibility components,there is seldom a one-to-one relationship between the defined components and the provisions within the regulations.This is because the formal and conceptual structure of building regulation derives from national legislation and regulatory mode

115、ls,meaning that building and universal accessibility regulations will be unique to the country for which they are developed,often causing a single provision to be split between different regulations,or to be expressed using different terminology.Factors for consideration when initiating a review inc

116、lude the government structure(such as a centralized national system,a federal system,and so forth),the government ministry(ies)or department(s)with responsibility for universal accessibility legislation and regulations,the legislative structure,and the model used for development of the universal acc

117、essibility building code(if any).Key questions include:1.Are building code and universal accessibility regulations under the purview of the same ministry?2.Do building regulations address all universal accessibility components for buildings,or are some provisions addressed under other regulations?3.

118、Are the building and universal accessibility regulations applied uniformly across the country,by state or territory,or in another way?4.What is/are the source(s)of reference for system design,installation,materials,and so forth(for example,country Bureau of Standards,International Organization for S

119、tandardizationIOS)?Depending on the answers to the above questions,a comprehensive review of universal accessibility components in regulations may require a review of documents associated with several government ministries,agencies and private-sector entities(especially for standards).There are vari

120、ous ways to have universal accessibility provisions as part of larger building codes,or as a freestanding code.A comparative study of building codes and universal accessibility provisions from selected countries and regions underpinned the development of this checklist.It revealed varying approaches

121、 to regulatory structures and universal accessibility issues.Given that each country has its own unique building code and associated legal and regulatory framework,each will naturally find its own best path to formulation of the most robust set of provisions and technical guidance to make the built

122、environment universally accessible.To illustrate such varying approaches,Table 1 provides a summary of the three major ways to integrate universal accessibility within countries regulatory systems,and some examples.21Chapter44.GuidanCe:HOw tO use tHe buildinG COde CHeCklist fOr universal aCCessibili

123、ty Table 1.Three ways to integrate Universal Accessibility in building regulations ApproachCountry examplesUniversal Accessibility integrated as part of unified building codesIreland,New Zealand,South Africa,TanzaniaUniversal Accessibility addressed as part of unified building codes and other regula

124、tion(s)European Union;Bhutan,Nepal,Rwanda,United Arab EmiratesIndependent code for Universal Accessibility Chile,Mexico,Philippines,Singapore,United StatesThe following chapter provides some basic knowledge on six fundamental universal accessibility components for the built environment.225.Key Conce

125、pts in Universal Accessibility Components in Building RegulationsThe following six components and subcomponents,shown in Figure 4,are distilled as the fundamental universal accessibility elements that many building codes and international and regional model standards include as provisions or require

126、ments,based 20 Africa:Morocco,Rwanda,South Africa;Asia:India,Japan,Singapore;Middle East:United Arab Emirates;Europe:Ireland,Sweden,United Kingdom;North America:Canada,United States;South America:Colombia;Oceania:New Zealand.on a comparative analysis of building codes universal accessibility provisi

127、ons,and the universal accessibility codes of 14 countries,20 alongside international and regional model standards,conducted as part of this checklist development.23Chapter55.key COnCepts in universal aCCessibility COmpOnents in buildinG reGulatiOns5.key COnCepts in universal aCCessibility COmpOnents

128、 in buildinG reGulatiOns23Chapter5Figure 4.Fundamental Universal Accessibility Components and Subcomponents Universal Accessibility Components for the Built Environment1.1 Access Routes5.1 Wayfinding and Signage5.4 Acoustics6.1 Evacuation Routes3.1 Overall Movements4.1 Rooms and Spaces within Buildi

129、ngs 1.3 Common Use Facilities6.3 Evacuation Lifts/Elevators1.2 Arriving at a Destination5.2 Visual Contrast5.5 Audible/Hearing Enhancement Systems6.2 Emergency Exits3.2 Horizontal Circulation4.2 Toilet Facilities 6.4 Emergency Equipment6.6 Emergency Signage6.5 Visual/Audible Alarms6.7 Refuge AreasEv

130、acuation and Safe Egress Efficient and safe evacuation for all from the building in emergency situations.Building FacilitiesRooms,spaces,and toilets,to be used in an independent and accessible way within the building.Entrances,Doors,and LobbiesIndependent and accessible entry.Building Fixtures and F

131、ittingsFeatures that assist in the orientation,wayfinding,information,and communication within the built Horizontal and Vertical Access and CirculationFeatures within a building to provide independent and accessible movement through it.External EnvironmentAccess routes,facilities,and features provid

132、ed around building entrances,including parking,and circulation routes between buildings.12342.3 Entrance Design2.1 Entering Buildings 2.2 Door Design(both external and interior doors)3.3 Vertical Circulation565.3 Lighting5.6 Switches,Controls and Outlets24BUILDING CODE CHECKLIST FOR UNIVERSAL ACCESS

133、IBILITY5.key COnCepts in universal aCCessibility COmpOnents in buildinG reGulatiOns5.1 External EnvironmentAccess to the external environment(for example,building premises)is essential to allow all users of a building to arrive,move around the surroundings,and approach the building from a vehicle or

134、 an adjacent site or road,in a safe and easy way.External environment features are all important elements that require design consideration in order to maximize independence,and usability,and ensure healthy and safety movement within the space(for example,maintaining the slip resistance of external

135、paving;ensuring trip hazards are avoided and repaired where necessary;ensuring obstacles along access routes do not become a hazard for someone with a visual impairment,and so forth).5.2 Entrances,Doors,and LobbiesThere are several factors that influence independent access to enter a building.21 Ent

136、rances doors,lobbies,and reception areas are the first point of contact for most users of a building.The provision of accessible entrances and reception areas is key,particularly to a first-time users experience,to help them understand the space and move safely and efficiently.The area should not pr

137、esent any barriers for any user.This may involve level access,automated doors,clear layout of the space to identify reception or the main circulation route,and so forth.Part of this experience can also be formed prior to arriving at the building as many users will use pre-visitor information to unde

138、rstand how to reach 21 This document promotes independent access and use of buildings and their facilities by users,at the same time it recognizes the need for assisted access and use with the help of companion(s)depending on the users needs and situation.the building,where to go,and how to get to r

139、elevant destinations.5.3 Horizontal and Vertical Access and CirculationCirculation to and on each building floor should be clear and easy to navigate for all users.People within a building should be able to travel horizontally conveniently and without discomfort to access all facilities provided.Ade

140、quate space should be provided in order to allow all users to maneuver and pass one another,preferably at any point in the floor plan.Obstacles and projections into the circulation space should be kept to a minimum where practicable and,where necessary,measures should be taken to protect people from

141、 accidental collisions or trips.Likewise,the vertical circulation throughout the building(for example,stairs,ramps,and lifts/elevators)provides essential access to floors in multistory buildings.It should allow people to travel vertically through the floors in order to access all available facilitie

142、s within the building.Vertical features should be closely integrated with elements of the horizontal circulation to provide a logical and convenient means of moving through an entire building.5.4 Building Facilities Depending on the type,size,and purpose of buildings,facilities specific to each use

143、and need may be required.These facilities can vary,and may include sanitary 25Chapter55.key COnCepts in universal aCCessibility COmpOnents in buildinG reGulatiOnsfacilities,workstations and meeting rooms,refreshment facilities,quiet rooms,and seating arrangements,among others.These facilities make b

144、uildings usable and,in many cases,more comfortable.Where these facilities are provided,it should be ensured that they are accessible and usable by the widest range of people,encouraging active participation by all users.For example,many of the issues people face within sanitary facilities occur due

145、to a poor understanding and management of the spaces after installation.Effective management and maintenance are just as important as their design,to keep them safe,comfortable,and easy to use.5.5 Building Fixtures and Fittings A proper building design must include essential fixtures and fittings to

146、 assist people of all abilities to access and use all facilities within the building.A detailed design of the buildings interior(for example,lighting,acoustics,ventilation,and so forth)is very important,though often overlooked,to make the space comfortable for everybody to use.Careful consideration

147、of the layout,use of color and symbols,audible and tactile information,as well as the use of signage,are parts of the building that can make the difference between a comfortable space and an unpleasant experience.These elements inform the overall experience of the building and many peoples impressio

148、ns of it.5.6 Evacuation and Safe Egress The building design must promote safe and efficient egress and evacuation for all users.It must recognize that people with any mobility,sensory,cognitive,or mental health impairments,may need assistance in order to escape in the event of fire or any other emer

149、gency.It is therefore necessary to make provisions for this,both in the design and the management of the building.266.Building Code Checklist for Universal AccessibilityTable 2 is provided as a tool to assist in the review of universal accessibility provisions in building regulations based on the un

150、iversal accessibility components outlined above.It should be noted that these are a set of guiding questions to assess the coverage and contents of provisions,rather than their comprehensiveness.Given that some provisions might be provided in multiple documents(codes,regulations,and international,re

151、gional,or national reference standards),it is recommended that the reviewer note which document is used to answer each question.To keep the assessment fairly short and quick,priority questions have been identified,to offer a high-level overview.These focus on areas deemed to be of critical importanc

152、e by international experts involved in their countries regulatory development and implementation.Priority questions are highlighted with shaded cells in the following section.27Chapter66.buildinG COde CHeCklist fOr universal aCCessibilityTable 2.Checklist for the Review of Universal Accessibility Pr

153、ovisions in Building RegulationsComponentsDescriptionDiagnostic Question0.REGULATORY FRAMEWORK0.1 Jurisdiction of regulatory applicationIdentify the scope of the code as in some cases there may be references to one or more detailed accessibility standards,to other types of standards(fire protection,

154、urban design,and so forth),or to regional or international accessibility standards.Identify the different code jurisdictions or the applicability of standards in different countries,regions or cities(especially in federal states).Find out if only one code/standard is applied regardless of the sector

155、 or type of buildings,or if different sectors(health,education,and so forth)issue specific accessibility standards.Identify:(a)In the case of a federal state,if it uses a unified national code,or if each province or state uses its own code.(b)If a single accessibility code is used,or if requirements

156、 are scattered among many codes or documents;if the latter,clarify whether any provisions contradict each other.(c)How any separate accessibility codes for buildings are structured and separated(for example,public versus private buildings;or specific building types for education,health care,commerce

157、,government administration,tourism,and so forth)?(d)If the accessibility code development process requires the participation of local persons with disabilities,groups,or organizations.0.2 Target regulation and code scopeGenerally assess the target regulations or codes to identify the scope of the un

158、iversal accessibility provisions.(a)What is the title and year of publication of the accessibility code(s):and is it aligned with latest international best practices(such as provisions for sensory or cognitive disabilities)?(b)Does the code cover design and construction of new buildings,maintenance

159、and rehabilitation of existing buildings(including heritage buildings)?(c)Do the codes technical specifications address local climate and culture(such as shading for tropical/desert areas,or slip resistance values for rain/snow,a prayer room)?(d)Does the code provide for both new and existing buildi

160、ngs simultaneously;or apply different sets of requirements for existing buildings and retrofits?0.3 Provisions for specific building typesAccessibility provisions are meant to be used in any type of building;however,a buildings complexity,local conditions,or specific regulatory requirements may dict

161、ate that some types of buildings require additional considerations or must be considered separately from generic constructions.This situation may vary from country to country.The aim here is to find out if local codes mention specific building types separately,such as:Health care facilities;Educatio

162、nal buildings(from primary school to higher education);Transportation;Offices and workplaces;Heritage and historical sites;Courts and legal institutions;Religious facilities;Parks,or natural areas,and Others.(a)Does the code include provisions for specific building types?Or does the country(or local

163、 government or professional bodies)provide guidelines on universal accessibility for specific buildings?(b)Does the code(or alternative regulations/guidelines)provide design requirements unique to those types of buildings,namely,emergency rooms,laboratories,study rooms,canteen areas,train platforms,

164、and so forth,considering acoustics,for example?If so,do those requirements reflect specific considerations for users who require more attention when using certain types of building(for example,the majority of patient users of certain health facilities will experience temporary mobility challenges)?(

165、c)Are these sections dedicated to specific building types intended to be used in parallel with the code or is a separate regulatory body applicable?If so,are there cross-references made appropriately between and among relevant regulations and building codes?(d)Are design requirements for specific bu

166、ilding types coordinated between and among concerned authorities(such as the ministry in charge of construction and the ministries of health,education,or transport as applicable)?28BUILDING CODE CHECKLIST FOR UNIVERSAL ACCESSIBILITY6.buildinG COde CHeCklist fOr universal aCCessibilityComponentsDescr

167、iptionDiagnostic Question1.EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT 1.1 Access Routes1.1.1 Pedestrian Infrastructure and CrossingPedestrian infrastructure includes but is not limited to sidewalks,trails,crosswalks,intersection designs,refuge islands,and other types of pedestrian routes.The pedestrian infrastructure pro

168、vides separation from vehicles and cyclists.It also involves pedestrian crossings on approach to the building from the boundary of the site;these maximize independence for people with reduced mobility,and support safe navigation around the site for people with vision impairments.(a)Does the code inc

169、lude provisions on the design,location,minimum clear width and height,surface materials,lighting,or any other accessibility features for the pedestrian infrastructure?(b)If the code does not contain such provisions,are they instead to be found in regulations issued by other agencies such as Ministry

170、 of Transport?(c)Does the code include provisions on the appropriate locations for and type of pedestrian crossings,the design of pedestrian crossings,including controlled and uncontrolled crossings,call buttons and alerts for controlled crossings,how the system caters for people with sensory disabi

171、lities,dropped kerbs,tactile paving,lighting,slip resistance,visual contrast,signage and road markings?1.1.2 Shared SpaceShared spaces are typically a design approach used to minimize segregation between different transportation modes on roads;it can be applied within the built environment and build

172、ing premises to minimize segregation between all types of user:pedestrians,cyclists and vehicular traffic.The manner in which pedestrians,particularly people with sensory disabilities,navigate the space and identify vehicular hazards is critical when providing shared spaces.(a)Does the code include

173、provisions on the appropriate locations,sizes,and guidance on the design of shared spaces to ensure safe and easily navigable spaces for all users(particularly people with sensory disabilities)?(b)Does the code provide methods to define the extent of shared space(signage,color,slip resistance surfac

174、e materials,and so forth),safe junction design,navigation aids to persons with visual impairments,street furniture,hazard protection,surface materials,lighting,slip resistance,visual contrast,signage?1.1.3 Accessibility ChainAn accessibility chain is a combination of different accessible features,fo

175、r different types of disabilities,that allows a continuous,uninterrupted and barrier-free path for users to move seamlessly in the exterior and interior environments.(a)Does the code provide information on the design of an accessibility chain,including provision of choice of lift and stairs(minimum)

176、and/or escalators in circulation cores,nonsegregation of access routes and entrances,independently accessible access routes,access to the same facilities and amenities,dropped kerbs,and so forth?(b)Do the accessibility chain definition and provisions include features for different types of disabilit

177、ies?1.1.4 Level Access Routes,and Lifts/ElevatorsLevel access on approach to a building provides the most accessible option for people with reduced mobility to gain safe and independent access into a building.External passenger lifts should be provided whenever there are significant changes in level

178、 within the building and built environment.This is because traversing significant level changes by ramp can be too tiring for wheelchair users and persons with reduced mobility,so an external passenger lift will ensure independent and equitable movement for all users.(a)Does the code include provisi

179、on(s)on the design of level access routes,including maximum gradient that constitutes a level route,clear width,passing points,edge protection,hazard warning for obstructions along the route,maximum comfortable travel distances(rest points along the route),surface materials,lighting,slip resistance,

180、visual contrast,signage,and so on?(b)Does the code provide information on the rationale and provision of external passenger lifts,including design,ease of use,lift car types and sizes,lift car design(such as door opening widths,floor coloring,handrail design,mirror provision,lighting),lift landing d

181、esign(such as maneuvering space in front of the lift,landing call button locations,visual contrast),tactile button design,audible and visual alerts(guidance of lift arrival on a floor)and the provision of an emergency two-way intercom fitted with an inductive coupler(thus compatible with hearing aid

182、s)?29Chapter66.buildinG COde CHeCklist fOr universal aCCessibilityComponentsDescriptionDiagnostic Question1.EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT 1.1 Access Routes1.1.5 Graded/Sloped Access Routes,and RampsLevel changes on access routes on approach to a building should be avoided whenever possible.Where necessary,th

183、e level changes should be designed to be as shallow as possible to ensure that people with reduced mobility gain safe and independent access into a building.By contrast,steep level changes on approach to a building can be a barrier for people with reduced mobility seeking independent access into a b

184、uilding.Well-designed ramps should be provided when level access or graded routes cannot be offered.(a)Does the code include provisions on the design of gently sloped routes,including maximum gradient that constitutes a gentle slope or ramp,clear width,passing points,edge protection,hazard warning f

185、or obstructions along the route,provision of top,bottom,and intermediate landings on the slope flight,additional stepped access routes,handrails,surface materials,lighting,slip resistance,visual contrast,signage,and so on?1.1.6 Stepped Access RoutesSteep level changes on approach to a building can b

186、e a barrier for people with reduced mobility to achieve independent access into a building.Where graded/sloped access routes are provided,steps provide alternative access options to persons who may find ramped routes too tiring.Stepped routes should be provided in addition to alternative accessible

187、routes.(a)Does the code include provisions on the design of stepped access routes,including minimum and maximum allowable riser height,tread length,flight height,clear width,top,bottom,and intermediate landings,design of handrails,hazard warning on the step flight including tactile paving,visually c

188、ontrasting nosings,surface materials,lighting,slip resistance,visual contrast,signage,and so on?1.1.7 Gates and Security BarriersWhere gates and security barriers are required on access routes for the purposes of security or access control,it is important that these elements are designed to be suita

189、ble for all users,to ensure independent access and equity of experience for all users accessing the external environment.(a)Does the code include provisions on the appropriate locations and design guidance for gates and security barriers,including ease of use,positioning,clear opening widths,opening

190、 forces,height and location of opening furniture,how the system caters for people with sensory disabilities,design,visual contrast,button or lock types,audible and tactile controls,size of release buttons,associated signage?1.1.8 Hazards and ObstructionsWhere hazards and obstructions are unavoidable

191、 on access routes,it is critical that they are suitably guarded to reduce the risk of slips,trips,falls,and collisions.Typical hazards and obstructions may include changes in level,protruding objects along the route,the buildings equipment or mechanical components.(a)Does the code include provisions

192、 for hazard protection(for example,at drop-offs)including guarding design to include low-level tapping rail,balustrades,visual contrast,design of gratings on walkways?1.1.9 Covered or Shaded WalkwaysThe provision of covered or shaded walkways along access routes will provide protection from inclemen

193、t weather for all users.(a)Does the code include provisions of a minimum percentage,location,or minimum length of covered or shaded walkways including minimum height and width,hazard warning for obstructions along the route,lighting,visual contrast,and so on?1.1.10 Exterior Surface FinishesWell-desi

194、gned pedestrian surfaces are critical for safe navigation through the built environment,and can reduce the risk of slips,trips and falls by addressing slip resistance,frictional characteristics of adjoining surface materials,visual contrast,avoidance of bold or confusing patterns,and so forth.(a)Doe

195、s the code include provisions for exterior surface finishes(especially for pedestrian use),including the design of hard,smooth,firm and slip-resistant surface materials which are hard wearing and easily maintained,avoidance of highly reflective materials or confusing patterns,maximum crossfall gradi

196、ent,drainage channel design,slip resistance especially when wet,visual contrast,and so forth?30BUILDING CODE CHECKLIST FOR UNIVERSAL ACCESSIBILITY6.buildinG COde CHeCklist fOr universal aCCessibilityComponentsDescriptionDiagnostic Question1.EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT 1.2 Arriving at a Destination 1.2.1 Ve

197、hicular ParkingAccessible vehicular parking may be on-street,off-street,multilevel car parking,plus accessible spaces for vans;it provides designated parking spaces,which are sized to facilitate ease of alighting,transfer,and circulation between adjacent vehicles for wheelchair users,and are conveni

198、ently located near accessible entrances.Accessible vehicular parking bays are generally provided as a ratio of the overall provision,which may be increased to accommodate certain specific uses(for example,increased accessible parking provision at hospitals).(a)Does the code provide information on th

199、e provisions for accessible vehicular parking,including methods of calculation,taking into account building use,and size;appropriate locations;information on adjacency to the main entrances,minimum provision in relation to full parking provision,minimum dimensions of bay including minimum vertical c

200、learance,provision on firm and level ground,dropped kerbs,provision of marked access zones,signage,marking of parking spaces and access aisles,and so forth?1.2.2 Accessible Electric Car Parking and Charging StationsThe provision of accessible electric car parking facilities allows equity of experien

201、ce in travel options for all users,ensuring users utilizing accessible parking bays have access to vehicle charging points.(a)Does the code include provisions for accessible electric car parking facilities,including appropriate locations,information on adjacency to the main entrances,minimum dimensi

202、ons of bay including minimum vertical clearance,provision on firm and level ground,dropped kerbs,provision of marked access zones,positioning of charging point(height and location),maneuvering space around charging station,associated signage?1.2.3 Drop-off AreasDrop-off areas allow users of a buildi

203、ng to get close to the main entrance before alighting their vehicle.This is beneficial for all users,including people with reduced mobility,as it minimizes the travel distance to enter the building independently.Additionally,drop-off areas for larger vehicles accommodate a wider range of vehicles,in

204、cluding minibuses and larger ones that use hoists,ramps or tail-lifts.(a)Does the code include provisions for drop-off areas,including appropriate locations,number,information on adjacency to the main entrances,minimum dimensions including minimum vertical clearance,provision on firm and level groun

205、d,dropped kerbs,provision of coverings to protect from inclement weather,signage,and so on?1.2.4 Parking Meters and ControlsWhere parking meters and/or controls are required,it is important that these elements are designed to be suitable for use by all users,to ensure independent access and equity o

206、f experience for all users accessing the environment associated with vehicle parking.(a)Does the code include provisions for parking meters,and/or controls,including appropriate locations,ease of use,positioning,control heights suitable for both standing and seated users,how the system caters for pe

207、ople with sensory disabilities,design,visual contrast,button/lock types,audible and tactile controls,size of release buttons,associated signage?1.2.5 Public Transport SheltersAccessible public transport shelters provide shade and protection from inclement weather for all users,enhance user experienc

208、e and make the option of locally available public transport a viable transit choice for a wider range of users.(a)Does the code include provisions for accessible shelters,including appropriate locations,wayfinding and signage elements,integrated alternative seating spaces for wheelchair,stroller and

209、 other mobility support tool users,clear access routes,good lighting and visibility,associated signage and so on?31Chapter66.buildinG COde CHeCklist fOr universal aCCessibilityComponentsDescriptionDiagnostic Question1.EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT 1.2 Arriving at a Destination 1.2.6 Micromobility Infrastruct

210、ureDedicated cycle lanes used by any form of micromobility device,segregated from both vehicular and pedestrian routes,ensure a level of safety for riders and pedestrians by reducing risks of collision between riders and pedestrians,or riders and motorists.Parking for micromobility devices,including

211、 accessible bicycle parking,and parking for nonstandard bikes(cargo bicycles,bicycles with attached child carriers,tricycles,and so forth)allows a greater flexibility and equity of experience in travel options for all users.(a)Does the code include provisions for micro mobility infrastructure(such a

212、s cycle/scooter lanes,and bicycle parking,including accessible bicycle parking spaces),including appropriate locations,appropriate ways of segregating cycle lanes from pedestrian and vehicular routes,and design requirements of cycle lanes such as segregation from pedestrian access routes,clear width

213、s and heights,maximum crossfall gradient,drainage design,surface material design including use of color for definition of use,junction design,tactile warnings to ensure pedestrians do not inadvertently enter cycle lane,and so forth;or(b)Design guidance for accessible bicycle parking such as minimum

214、dimensions,including minimum vertical clearance,provision on firm and level ground,dropped kerbs,provision of coverings to protect from inclement weather,signage,and so on?1.3 Common Use Facilities 1.3.1 Street Furniture Street furniture aids the comfortable use and navigation of the public realm fo

215、r all users,including opportunities to rest,adequate refuse bins,signage,and wayfinding for navigation.All street furniture should be accessible for all users and designed in such a way as not to pose an obstruction to the route.(a)Does the code include provisions for street furniture,including appr

216、opriate locations of street furniture(for example,beyond the boundary of access route),guarding design to include rounded edge profile where someone might bump into them,minimum heights,visual contrast,and so on.1.3.2 Seating/Rest PointsRegular seating and rest points along access routes will ensure

217、 that users do not have to travel excessive distances to access the public realm.(a)Does the code provide for seating points along access routes,including comfortable travel distances within the public realm,seating design such as widths,height range of seating,provision of seating with and without

218、armrests and backrests,hard and soft seat covers,circulation spaces to and around seating,sufficient provision for wheelchair users,mobility aids and service dogs,covered seating areas and so forth?1.3.3 Service Dog Relief AreasService dog relief areas are essential to provide a place for service an

219、d assistance dogs to relieve themselves and have access to clean water.Please note that service dog relief areas may also be located inside public buildings.(a)Does the code include provisions for service dog relief areas,including appropriate type and locations,minimum maneuvering space to allow am

220、bulant persons and wheelchair users to access,gate width,security fencing provision,drainage considerations,water supply provisions,lighting,slip resistance,visual contrast,signage,and so forth?1.3.4 Accessible Public Toilets The provision of accessible public toilets around larger sites and in publ

221、ic areas ensures greater flexibility and accessibility options for all.(a)Does the code include provisions on access to accessible public toilet facilities,including appropriate locations,ambulant accessible and enlarged WC provision,independently accessible WC provision,provision of changing places

222、 facilities(see 4.1.8),security,signage,and so forth?1.3.5 Inclusive Play Facilities The provision of inclusive play areas ensures an equitable experience for all users including children with disabilities and older people.(a)Does the code include provisions on inclusive play areas,including appropr

223、iate instances,maneuvering space to and through the play area,the provision of desegregated equipment for people of all ages and abilities,observation areas for parents and carers to facilitate passive supervision of play area,including seating and storage areas for wheelchair users,mobility aids,bu

224、ggies,and so forth,and proximity to sanitary facilities?32BUILDING CODE CHECKLIST FOR UNIVERSAL ACCESSIBILITY6.buildinG COde CHeCklist fOr universal aCCessibilityComponentsDescriptionDiagnostic Question2.ENTRANCES,DOORS,AND LOBBIES2.1 Entering Buildings2.1.1 Location of EntrancesAccessible entrancew

225、ays are important to give all users independent(autonomous)access to a building,and all its facilities,from key approach points(for instance,main pedestrian routes,entrances from vehicular parking and drop-off locations,staff entrances)and should be designed as such.(a)Does the code include provisio

226、ns for entering a building,including appropriate locations and numbers of accessible entry points required to independently enter the building,design of entrance points to the building from key points(for example,site boundary,parking areas,drop-off areas,public transport links and so forth),various

227、 types of entry points required for building types,and so forth?2.1.2 Entrance LandingsAccessible entrance approaches and landings allow independent access to a building for all users and should be designed as such.(a)Does the code include provisions for accessible entrance landing design,including

228、appropriate locations and number of entrances depending on building size and use,an accessible route from key access points,designed to be easily identifiable,level landings at all entry points,surface materials and finishes and the relationship between internal and external surface finishes(for exa

229、mple,slip resistance,frictional characteristics),lighting provision,visual contrast,associated signage and wayfinding,and so forth?2.1.3 Access Control and Intercom DesignAccess control systems are required to maintain security,restrict access to intended user groups only,and maintain records of ons

230、ite personnel.Intercom systems allow for nonauthorized personnel to contact reception to gain entry to the building.All access control and intercom systems should be designed to provide independent access to the building for all users.(a)Does the code include provisions for access control and interc

231、om systems,including appropriate instances of the need for access control and intercom systems,design of those systems,such as ease of use,positioning(height and location),how the system caters for people with sensory disabilities,layout,dimensions,visual contrast,button types,audible and tactile,si

232、ze of release buttons,associated signage?2.1.4 Canopy and Awning DesignThe provision of canopies or awnings at entrance doors will protect users from inclement weather,especially in instances where persons will have to pause to gain access to a building(for example,at access-controlled entrances).(a

233、)Does the code include provisions for canopies at entrances,including appropriate instances of the need to provide canopies or awnings at entrances,design such as appropriate heights,extension of canopy over entrance,and so forth?2.2 Door Design(both external and interior doors)2.2.1 Door Design Doo

234、r Widths,Thresholds,Heights,Door Opening Space,Vision Panels,and so forth.Entrance doors:accessible doors for entrance and exit allow independent(autonomous)access to a building for all users and should be designed as such.Entrance doors may include revolving doors that have specific accessibility p

235、rovisions.Interior doors:these may be subject to different provisions,depending on the building type and size.Accessible internal doors allow independent movement around the building and should be designed to facilitate use and autonomous transit for all users.Provisions for both categories of doors

236、 may be included in the same section.(a)Does the code provide for accessible entrance doors,including appropriate type of entrance door(for example,generous width,automated doors,power-assisted,manual,and so forth),design of entrance doors,such as passage height and width,level thresholds,opening fo

237、rces,leading edges,vision panels on solid doors,easy-to-use door hardware(ironmongery),handle installation height,visual contrast,associated signage,and so forth?(b)Does the code provide for accessible internal doors(including automated internal doors),including appropriate type of accessible intern

238、al doors(for example,width,automated doors,power-assisted,manual,and so forth);design of accessible internal doors,such as passage height and effective clear width,level thresholds,opening forces,leading edges,vision panels on solid doors,glazing manifestations and contrasting edges on glass leaves,

239、easy-to-use door hardware,handle installation height,visual contrast,associated signage,and so forth?33Chapter66.buildinG COde CHeCklist fOr universal aCCessibilityComponentsDescriptionDiagnostic Question2.ENTRANCES,DOORS,AND LOBBIES2.2 Door Design(both external and interior doors)2.2.2 Manual,Power

240、 Assist and Automated DoorsThe choice of provision of manual,power assist or automated entrance can greatly benefit the accessibility of the entrance or internal circulations;for example,if doors are heavy to open,then a power assist door or automated door may be required.Automated doors allow auton

241、omous access and movement for all users,regardless of users age,size or disability.(a)Does the code include provisions for manual,power assist or automated entrance or internal door systems,including appropriate type(for example,automated doors,power assisted,manual and so forth),design requirements

242、 such as clear passage height and width,level thresholds,opening forces,leading edges,vision panels on solid doors,glazing manifestations and contrasting edges on glass doors,easy-to-use door hardware,handle installation height,visual contrast,associated signage,and so forth?2.2.3 Glazing Design for

243、 Doors,Windows,and WallsWell-designed manifestations and markings on glazed doors,windows and walls ensure they are easily identifiable and reduce the risk of collisions and confusion,especially for persons with vision impairments or neurological processing difficulties.Accessible window design allo

244、ws independent control of ventilation,shade,and glare prevention for all users.(a)Does the code include provisions on fully glazed windows,doors and sidelights,contrasting edges on fully glazed openings and markings,including information on the key areas where glazing manifestations and markings are

245、 required,such as full height glazing walls,edges of doors within glazed walls,leading edge of glazed doors,use of color,information on designing glazing manifestations and markings including heights and sizes of manifestations on glazed walls and doors,visual contrast,and so forth?(b)Does the code

246、include provisions on accessible window design,including design criteria,such as height of controls for shutters or blinds,easy-to-use door hardware,handle installation height,visual contrast,requirements for restrictors or safety devices to prevent accidental falls from windows and so forth?2.3 Ent

247、rance Design2.3.1 Entrance Lobby DesignAccessible entrance lobbies protect from inclement weather and should be designed to facilitate use and autonomous access for all users.(a)Does the code include provisions of entrance lobbies,including appropriate instances of the need to provide entrance lobbi

248、es,design of entrance lobbies,such as length and width,mat-well provision,visual contrast,lighting and so forth,diagrams to illustrate the varying configurations of accessible lobbies to aid in design,and calculations of access requirements?2.3.2 TurnstilesTurnstiles are sometimes required to mainta

249、in security,restrict access to intended user groups only,and maintain records of onsite personnel.When turnstiles are provided,the needs of all users must be considered to ensure independent access is viable.(a)Does the code include provisions of turnstiles,including appropriate instances of the nee

250、d to provide turnstiles,design of turnstiles,such as ease of use,approach routes,level thresholds,number of accessible lanes,clear widths,how the system caters for people with sensory disabilities,how the system caters for wheelchair users(for example,height and positioning of controls,lane widths a

251、nd so forth),visual contrast,and associated signage?2.3.3 Information Points and KiosksAccessible kiosks and information points allow independent access to a buildings facilities and information provision for all users,and should be designed to facilitate use and autonomous access for all users.(a)D

252、oes the code include provisions of accessible kiosks and information points;appropriate instances where accessible kiosks should be provided;design requirements,such as positioning(height and location),design,visual contrast,button types,information available via audible and tactile options,and so f

253、orth?34BUILDING CODE CHECKLIST FOR UNIVERSAL ACCESSIBILITY6.buildinG COde CHeCklist fOr universal aCCessibilityComponentsDescriptionDiagnostic Question3.HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL ACCESS AND CIRCULATION3.1 Overall Movements3.1.1 Reduced DistancesIn new designs,if the layout allows it,reduced or short d

254、istances to key areas or facilities in a building will ensure that users do not have to travel excessive distances to access the main facilities within a building.(a)Does the code require placement of key facilities that entail comfortable journey distances,depending on building use and size(for exa

255、mple,accessible parking bays at the entrance,distance to circulation cores,distance to sanitary facilities,distance to lifts and so forth)?3.2 Horizontal Circulation3.2.1 Internal Security ControlsInternal security control systems are required to maintain security,restrict access to certain areas fo

256、r intended user groups only,and maintain records of onsite personnel.(a)Does the code include provisions for internal access controls,including appropriate instances of the need to provide internal access controls;design of internal access control,such as ease of use,positioning(height and location)

257、,how the system caters for people with sensory disabilities,visual contrast,button types,audible and tactile,size of release buttons,and associated signage?3.2.2 Corridors and Aisles/PassagewaysAccessible corridors and aisles/passageways through open plan areas allow independent movement around the

258、building and should be designed to facilitate use and autonomous transit for all users.(a)Does the code include provisions for accessible corridors and aisles/passageways,including design such as clear passage height and width,turning areas and passing places,provision of splayed or radius corners o

259、n routes,floor finishes,slip resistance,lighting,avoiding glare,storage of equipment out of circulation routes,avoiding confusing patterns that can be confusing,avoiding doors opening directly out on to circulation routes,hazard protection and so forth?3.2.3 Interior Surface FinishesInterior floor s

260、urfaces and finishes are critical for the safe design of the built environment,and comply with slip resistance requirements,especially where a floor is expected to be wet(entrances,shower rooms,and so on).Good design also ensures that persons with vision impairments or neurological processing diffic

261、ulties can easily navigate a space without confusing patterns or reflective surfaces.(a)Does the code include provisions for interior surfaces and finishes(for example,floors),including designing floor surfaces and finishes such as slip resistance,especially when wet,color,texture,avoiding confusing

262、 patternsparticularly in areas where visual acuity is critical,design of mat-wells,meeting the needs of neurodiverse people and people with visual impairments,and consistency in frictional characteristics of adjoining surface materials,visual contrast,and so forth?3.2.4 Moving WalkwaysMoving walkway

263、s can provide an easily accessible option for users,including persons with reduced mobility,to navigate small level changes and traverse large distances.However,they are not generally considered wheelchair accessible,therefore an alternative accessible option is required.(a)Does the code provide for

264、 appropriate moving walkways,depending on building use and size,including their design,such as landings,visual contrast(including handrails,and so forth),guarding,alternative accessible route and signage to same,signage including directional signage,and audible warnings?3.3 Vertical Circulation3.3.1

265、 Passenger Lifts/ElevatorsThe provision of accessible and easy-to-use passenger lifts ensures independent and equitable movement between all levels and facilities in a building for all users.(a)Does the code provide for appropriate passenger lifts,depending on building use and size,including design

266、aspects such as ease of use,lift car types and sizes,lift car design(including door opening widths,floor coloring,handrail design,mirror provision,lighting,and so forth),lift landing design(including maneuvering space in front of the lift,landing call button locations,visual contrast,and so forth),t

267、actile button design,audible and visual alerts of lift arrival on a floor,provided both within the lift car and on all lift landings,and the provision of an emergency two-way intercom fitted with an inductive coupler and visual display,and signage for any hearing and visual assistance systems?35Chap

268、ter66.buildinG COde CHeCklist fOr universal aCCessibilityComponentsDescriptionDiagnostic Question3.HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL ACCESS AND CIRCULATION3.3 Vertical Circulation3.3.2 Steps and StairsThe provision of well-designed stairs suitable for ambulant users of different abilities and ages will encour

269、age the use of stepped routes while reducing the risk of slips,trips and falls,or excessive strain.Where level changes are unavoidable within a floor of a building,well-designed steps must be provided,as well as an additional accessible access route.(a)Does the code include provisions for stairs sui

270、table for ambulant users of different abilities and ages,including design of suitable stairs,such as width,riser height,going width,overall flight height,flight design(straight,spiral,helical flights and the appropriateness and accessibility of each),step profile design,visually contrasting step/lum

271、inance contrast,nosings,handrail design,lighting design,surface finish design and slip resistance,tactile walking surface indicators(TWSI)as a warning at the top of stairs where unenclosed or where there is an entry into the stair system?3.3.3 Internal Graded RoutesWhere small level changes are unav

272、oidable within a floor of a building,the change in level should be designed to be as shallow as possible to ensure people with reduced mobility gain safe and independent circulation throughout the building.(a)Does the code include provisions for graded(sloping)routes,including design such as maximum

273、 gradient that constitutes a graded route,clear width,passing points,edge protection,hazard warning for obstructions along the route,provision of top,bottom,and intermediate landings on the slope flight,surface materials,lighting,slip resistance,visual contrast,signage,and so forth?3.3.4 Internal Ra

274、mpsWhere level changes are unavoidable within a floor of a building,the provision of well-designed internal ramps ensures independent and equitable movement throughout all levels and facilities in a building for all users.(a)Does the code include provisions for ramps,including design of ramps,such a

275、s the minimum and maximum allowable gradients and ramp flight lengths,the provision of top,bottom,and intermediate landings on the ramp flight,clear width,edge protection,surface materials,slip resistance,lighting,handrails,guards at drop-offs for safety,color/luminance contrast,and so on?3.3.5 Esca

276、latorsEscalators can provide an easily accessible option for users,including persons with reduced mobility,to navigate level changes.However,they are not generally considered wheelchair accessible,therefore an alternative accessible option is required.(a)Does the code provide for appropriate escalat

277、ors,depending on building use and size,including design of escalators such as top and bottom landings,guarding,travel speed,alternative accessible route and signage to same,signage including directional signage.?4.BUILDING FACILITIES4.1 Rooms and Spaces within Buildings4.1.1 Reception Areas and Serv

278、ice CountersAccessible reception areas and service counters create a welcoming and inclusive experience for persons of different ages,abilities,heights and other features.This is where anybody can get information about the building and its services,or other assistance.(a)Does the code include provis

279、ions for one or more reception areas,including:appropriate and accessible locations for reception areas and service counters at the various entry points to the building;their design,such as seating and waiting areas,maneuvering space throughout the area,(including around the desk,for both visitors a

280、nd staff),desk design(heights to suit seated and standing users,knee recesses and so forth),maximum and minimum lighting conditions to facilitate communication(sign language,lip-reading),the use of technology(for example,audible aids,accessible sign-in options);queuing layouts;and is signage provide

281、d when hearing enhancement systems are offered?36BUILDING CODE CHECKLIST FOR UNIVERSAL ACCESSIBILITY6.buildinG COde CHeCklist fOr universal aCCessibilityComponentsDescriptionDiagnostic Question4.BUILDING FACILITIES4.1 Rooms and Spaces within Buildings4.1.2 Audience and Spectator Facilities(Auditoriu

282、ms)Audience and spectator facilities(auditoriums)provide a dedicated space for large-scale presentations,lectures,seminars and events for staff and visitors.These should be designed to provide an equitable visitor and presenter experience for all users,facilitating comfortable and convenient access

283、to information being presented,and also enabling any user to make a presentation.(a)Does the code cover auditoriums,and the design of audience and spectator facilities,specifying seating type,number of special spaces(for example,for those in wheelchairs or with mobility assistance),companion seating

284、,dispersion and integration,aisle widths,circulation spaces to and around seating,sufficient provision for wheelchair users,mobility aids,use of service dogs,accessible access to podiums or stages,access to power sockets(for charging assistive equipment),visual contrast,signage,provision of hearing

285、enhancement systems,sign language interpreters,and accessible audiovisual equipment and accessories that help people with hearing and visual impairments?4.1.3 Refreshment Facilities Tea Stations,Kitchenettes,Cafes,Bars,and RestaurantsThe design of accessible refreshment facilities,including tea stat

286、ions,kitchenettes,cafes,bars and restaurants ensures independent and equitable access to facilities and amenities in a building for all users in their dining experience.(a)Does the code include provisions for refreshment facilities(for example,tea stations,kitchenettes,cafes,bars and restaurants fac

287、ilities)including design requirements,such as access to self-service or counter service areas(height,depth,knee recess),routes along self-service/cafeteria areas,integration and dispersion at dining and drinking surfaces for seated users,alternative communication options at reception areas,ordering

288、and checkout counters for persons with hearing or visual disabilities,menu accessibility,table seating accessibility,and so forth?4.1.4 Meeting RoomsMeeting rooms allow users dedicated space to conduct meetings,interviews,focused work sessions and so forth in privacy,and without undue distraction.Me

289、eting rooms should be designed to be accessible and allow independent use by all users.(a)Does the code include provisions for meeting rooms,including design requirements such as unobstructed maneuvering space within rooms,seating types,space to accommodate wheelchair users,work surface height,knee

290、recess,access to power sockets,visual contrast,signage(for wayfinding,information,safety),provision of hearing enhancement systems,and/or other accessible audiovisual equipment and accessories,and so forth?4.1.5 WorkspacesThe provision of accessible workplaces ensures independent and equitable acces

291、s to facilities and amenities in a building for all users.(a)Does the code include provisions for accessible workspaces,including design of accessible workspaces(circulation routes,work surface height,knee recess,identification of such spaces);convenient use of all amenities(power sockets,adjustable

292、 lighting,storage space);and where isolation pods are provided,access into and out of the pod?4.1.6 Quiet RoomsQuiet rooms are provided in public facilities of large capacity(transport terminals,airports,shopping malls),to ensure that persons with sensory or neurological processing difficulties can

293、use a designated retreat space if experiencing a sensory overload.(a)Does the code include provisions for quiet rooms or spaces and information on the most appropriate instances where they should be provided?(b)Does the code provide design requirements for quiet rooms,including location throughout a

294、 building,unobstructed maneuvering space within rooms or areas to accommodate wheelchair users,acoustic provisions,adjustable lighting,seating types,privacy controls,access to power sockets,and so forth?4.1.7 Prayer Room(Multifaith Facilities)The provision of a multifaith prayer room allows people o

295、f all faiths a space to reflect and pray.(a)Does the code provide for multifaith prayer rooms or facilities,including appropriate instances where multifaith facilities should be provided;design guidance such as separate entrances,enclosed storage space and shoe rack,adjoined or adjacent facilities f

296、or ablutions including sunken trough,height-adjustable seating,handrails,easy-to-use taps and controls,visual contrast,signage,and so forth?37Chapter66.buildinG COde CHeCklist fOr universal aCCessibilityComponentsDescriptionDiagnostic Question4.BUILDING FACILITIES4.1 Rooms and Spaces within Building

297、s4.1.8 Family Facilities,Including Changing Facilities for Babies and Adults,Feeding Rooms,and Family ToiletsThe provision of changing facilities(including diaper changing spaces),feeding rooms,and family/companion toilet facilities ensures independent and equitable access to facilities and amenitie

298、s in a building for all users.Note that some codes may refer to baby changing tables in mens or womens toilets,rather than in a separate room.People with specific disability types may require larger sanitary facilities in public buildings of large capacity,answering to more complex accessibility nee

299、ds of adult users and carers.This larger room will have a bigger area with a WC,washbasin,and changing table of adult size.Some also specify the use of a hoist to assist transferring the person to and from the wheelchair or other mobility devices and other additional accessories.(a)Does the code inc

300、lude provisions for changing facilities(including diaper changing spaces),feeding rooms and family/companion toilet facilities?(b)Does the code provide design guidance such as of baby changing tables as accessible work surfaces(reach needed for opening/closing operation,height,knee clearance,maneuve

301、ring clearance);and adult changing table for assisted toileting and changing(maneuvering clearance,surface of sufficient size and capacity for an adult,surface at transfer height,access to controls for care giver if adjustable in height)and room requirements,(turning space,signage,hand-wash faciliti

302、es,waste receptacles)?(c)Does the code provide design guidance for feeding space including appropriate furniture and turning space?(d)Does the code provide design guidance for family/companion toilet rooms including turning space within the room,accessible toilets and lavatories(see toilet room prov

303、isions),tip-up(folding)seats for small children,signage,and so forth?(e)Does the guidance provide information on the design of gender-neutral and accessible baby/child changing facilities,including height-adjustable changing bench accessible for standing and seated users,tip-up seat for small childr

304、en,hand-wash facilities,handrails,easy-to-use taps and controls,visual contrast,signage,and so forth?(f)Does the code include provisions on larger sanitary facilities for complex accessibility needs considering:appropriate number and locations;design requirements such as minimum room dimensions,mini

305、mum door widths and heights,maneuvering space on approach and within room,seat and pan heights,handrails and grab bars,alarm provision(assistance alarm and audiovisual fire alarm),door design including locking mechanism,changing bench provision,showering provision,lighting,slip resistance,visual con

306、trast,signage,hoists?4.1.9 Gym,Sports,and Recreation FacilitiesThe provision of accessible gym,sports,and recreation facilities ensures independent and equitable access to facilities and amenities in a building for all users.(a)Does the code provide for accessible gym,sports,and recreation facilitie

307、s,including design requirements such as access to the playing surfaces(including being able to switch sides on a court where it is part of the game),team/player seating,transfer space and storage for wheelchairs(for example,when a player transfers from standard wheelchair to sports wheelchair).4.1.1

308、0 First-Aid RoomAn accessible first-aid room ensures equitable access to all users to health and safety provision in a building.(a)Does the code provide for accessible first-aid facilities,including appropriate instances where accessible first-aid facilities should be provided;design requirements su

309、ch as unobstructed maneuvering space within rooms,space to accommodate wheelchair users,height-adjustable examination couch(table),door opening widths and internal room configuration to accommodate stretchers,area to treat seated patients,and so forth?38BUILDING CODE CHECKLIST FOR UNIVERSAL ACCESSIB

310、ILITY6.buildinG COde CHeCklist fOr universal aCCessibilityComponentsDescriptionDiagnostic Question4.BUILDING FACILITIES4.1 Rooms and Spaces within Buildings4.1.11 Accessible Bedrooms and Sleeping SpacesWhere sleeping accommodation is provided(for example,hotel rooms,guestrooms,medical staff on-call

311、rooms),accessible provision is essential to ensure an equitable experience for all users.All associated facilities(for example,ensuite facilities)should be accessible.(a)Does the code provide for accessible sleeping accommodation,including for persons with hearing impairments(for example,visible ala

312、rm systems,visual doorbells,and peepholes)?(b)Does the code include:the appropriate locations and ratio of accessible sleeping accommodation;design requirements such as space design(door clearances,a turning space in the room,maneuvering clearances to amenities,space next to the bed for transfer or

313、the use of a hoyer lift,access to an electrical outlet for wheelchair charging)and associated sanitary facilities(see the provisions for accessible toilet and bathing facilities)?4.1.12 Charging and Storage for Mobility Aids,Scooters and Baby StrollersThe provision of a dedicated space for mobility

314、scooters,mobility aids,and baby strollers to park,with power outlets to facilitate charging if required,allows persons using mobility aids and carers of small children greater flexibility and accessibility options when accessing the building.(a)Does the code provide for parking areas with charging p

315、oints for mobility scooters,including appropriate locations within the building(or site),design guidance such as widths,clear transfer areas,coverings on external parking areas,security,signage,and so forth?4.1.13 Seating ArrangementThe provision of accessible and varying seating types ensures indep

316、endent and equitable access to seating facilities in a building for all users.Accessible seating provision may include,but is not limited to:assembly areas,auditoriums,sport facilities,and lecture halls;these may be interior or exterior.(a)Does the code include provisions for general seating(includi

317、ng varying seating types),including appropriate instances where general seating should be provided;design requirements such as seats with and without armrests and backrests,hard and soft seating options,seats of varying heights,seating to facilitate wheelchair transfer,seating layouts to allow space

318、s for wheelchair users and mobility assistance(such as service dogs)to sit clear of circulation routes,circulation route widths,line of sight,and so forth?4.2 Toilet Facilities4.2.1 Accessible Toilet Rooms in the Men/Women clustersOffering choices and flexibility is crucial to the provision and desi

319、gn of toilet facilities within the Men/Women toilet clusters,such as a variety of toilet facilities,including ambulant cubicles,and wheelchair-accessible cubicles.(a)Does the code include provisions on location,types,and numbers of toilet facilities,including ambulant cubicles,accessible cubicles,an

320、d gender-neutral facilities within a building?(b)Does the code specify the location of the WC,washbasin,maneuvering space,controls and accessories,minimum area,minimum door width,handrails and grab bars and so forth?If not,what regulations do?And are the latter regulations cross-referenced in the co

321、de?4.2.2 Accessible Individual Toilet RoomsThe provision of gender-neutral and accessible toilet rooms that can be directly accessible without going into the Men/Women toilet clusters is important.Having gender-neutral toilet facilities with accessible designs outside of the Men/Women toilet cluster

322、 will suit a wide variety of users and thus ensure an equitable experience for all in the building.For the provision of toilets that are large enough for adult complex accessibility needs,please refer to Section 4.1.8 on Family Facilities.(a)Does the code provide design guidance on gender-neutral ac

323、cessible toilets,including:appropriate number and locations of gender-neutral and accessible toilets;minimum room dimensions,minimum door widths and heights,maneuvering space on approach and within room,seat heights,handrails and grab bars provision,alarm provision(assistance alarm and audiovisual f

324、ire alarm),door design including locking mechanism,lighting,slip resistance,visual contrast,signage,and so forth?(b)Do the code or associated standards include provisions on design of lighting,slip resistance,visual contrast;and design,installation and testing for alarm systems?39Chapter66.buildinG

325、COde CHeCklist fOr universal aCCessibilityComponentsDescriptionDiagnostic Question4.BUILDING FACILITIES4.2 Toilet Facilities4.2.3 Showering,Bathing and Changing FacilitiesOffering choice and flexibility is key in the provision and design of bathing and changing facilities within a building to ensure

326、 that all users,regardless of age,size or disability,have access to the same provisions.Bathing facilities may include bathtubs and different showering layouts such as transfer or roll-in.Where changing facilities are provided,integrating accessibility features into communal changing facilitiesin ad

327、dition to the provision of separate gender-neutral and accessible changing and showering facilitieswill offer a greater choice to a wider range of users.(a)Does the code include provisions for gender-neutral bathing and changing facilities?(b)If not,what regulations do?And are those regulations cros

328、s-referenced in the code?(c)Do provisions for gender-neutral bathing and changing facilities include appropriate number and locations;appropriate instances of the need to provide such facilities,depending on building size and use;and design requirements such as maneuvering space,bench to transfer to

329、 changing space/area(for example,clear floor space,height,size,stability),shower compartment size,shower control design,seat heights,handrails and grab bars provision,alarm provision(assistance alarm and audiovisual fire alarm),lighting,slip resistance,visual contrast,signage,level access to roll-in

330、 showers,and so forth?5.BUILDING FIXTURES AND FITTINGS5.1 Wayfinding and SignageThe aim of the signage is to help users of all abilities to find their way inside the building and in the vicinity,as well as the location and use of accessible spaces and services.(a)Does the code specify wayfinding and

331、 signage to and throughout the building;key areas where signage must be provided en route to and within a building;requirements on signage and wayfinding such as heights and sizes of signage,use of symbols,design of arrows,visual contrast,Braille and tactile lettering,and so forth?5.2 Visual Contras

332、tVisual contrast helps all people,particularly persons with visual impairments,to identify objects within buildings and to provide spatial information to persons with visual impairments.(a)Does the code include provisions related to visual contrast,including how to test visual contrast(for example,l

333、ight reflectance value LRVtesting);key areas where visual contrast must be addressed within a building;visual contrast in both wet and dry conditions,and in all lighting conditions,use of color,and so forth?5.3 LightingLighting on the exterior and interior of buildings,from entrances to circulation areas and rooms,should be designed in such a way that it does not create a barrier for visually impa