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1、 FOR RELEASE OCTOBER 10,2024 BY Elisa Shearer,Michael Lipka,Sarah Naseer,Emily Tomasik and Mark Jurkowitz FOR MEDIA OR OTHER INQUIRIES:Elisa Shearer,Senior Researcher Michael Lipka,Associate Director,News and Information Research Sogand Afkari,Communications Manager 202.419.4372 www.pewresearch.org

2、RECOMMENDED CITATION Pew Research Center,October 2024,“Americans Views of 2024 Election News”1 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan,nonadvocacy fact tank that informs the public about the issues,attitudes and trends shaping the world.

3、It does not take policy positions.The Center conducts public opinion polling,demographic research,computational social science research and other data-driven research.It studies politics and policy;news habits and media;the internet and technology;religion;race and ethnicity;international affairs;so

4、cial,demographic and economic trends;science;research methodology and data science;and immigration and migration.Pew Research Center is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts,its primary funder.Pew Research Center 2024 2 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org How we did this Pew Research Center

5、conducted this study to better understand how U.S.adults get news and information about the 2024 presidential election.The survey of 9,680 U.S.adults was conducted from Sept.16 to 22,2024.Everyone who completed the survey is a member of the Centers American Trends Panel(ATP),a group of people recrui

6、ted through national,random sampling of residential addresses who have agreed to take surveys regularly.This kind of recruitment gives nearly all U.S.adults a chance of selection.Surveys were conducted either online or by telephone with a live interviewer.The survey is weighted to be representative

7、of the U.S.adult population by gender,race,ethnicity,partisan affiliation,education and other factors.Read more about the ATPs methodology.Here are the questions used for this report,the topline and the survey methodology.Pew Research Center is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts,its primary f

8、under.This is the latest report in Pew Research Centers ongoing investigation of the state of news,information and journalism in the digital age,a research program funded by The Pew Charitable Trusts,with generous support from the John S.and James L.Knight Foundation.3 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewres

9、earch.org Table of contents About Pew Research Center 1 How we did this 2 Table of contents 3 1.How closely are Americans following election news,and what are they seeing?12 The 2024 campaign events that Americans have heard or read about most 15 What Americans want in campaign coverage and what the

10、y actually see 17 2.Where Americans turn for election news 19 Which news organizations Americans turn to for election news 21 3.How Americans feel about election coverage 25 Broad assessments of election coverage 27 Election news fatigue 32 4.Accuracy of election news 34 Determining what is true and

11、 whats not 37 Acknowledgments 39 Methodology 40 The American Trends Panel survey methodology 40 4 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org As Americans navigate the abundance of information about the 2024 U.S.presidential election,many of them are seeing news they think is inaccurate and having a har

12、d time distinguishing fact from fiction.A new Pew Research Center survey finds that about three-quarters of U.S.adults(73%)say they have seen inaccurate news coverage about the election at least somewhat often,including 37%who have seen this kind of information extremely or very often.About half of

13、Americans(52%)say they generally find it difficult to determine what is true and what is not when getting news about the election.And 28%separately say that its been difficult for them to find reliable information about the presidential election.Most say they see inaccurate news about the 2024 presi

14、dential election at least somewhat often%of U.S.adults who say they have seen inaccurate news about the 2024 presidential election and roughly half say its difficult to determine whats true and whats not%of U.S.adults who say they generally find it _ when getting news and information about the presi

15、dential campaign and candidates Note:Respondents who did not answer are not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted Sept.16-22,2024.“Americans Views of 2024 Election News”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 52%47Easy to determine what is true and what is notDifficult to determine what is true and what is not37%

16、3625SomewhatoftenExtremely/Very oftenNot too often/Not at allAt least somewhat often73%5 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Supporters of the two major political parties are having vastly different experiences with election news in these ways.Republicans(including independents who lean toward t

17、he GOP)are much more likely than Democrats and Democratic leaners to say they have seen inaccurate coverage and that they are having a hard time sorting out the truth.And Republicans are less likely than Democrats to say it is easy for them to find reliable information about the election(29%vs.52%,r

18、espectively).Overall,Americans are much less likely to be wary of the information from their most frequent sources of election news.Much smaller shares say they at least sometimes see inaccurate information from the sources they turn to most often for news and information about the election than say

19、 the same about election news in general.At the same time,people also say inaccurate information is coming from sources other than news outlets:58%of Americans say they have heard people they know share information about the election that they think is inaccurate at least somewhat often.There is lit

20、tle difference between the parties on this question Republicans and Democrats say they hear inaccurate information from their personal circles at roughly the same rates.Jump to more information about Americans views on the accuracy of election news.Republicans are more likely than Democrats to say t

21、hey often see inaccurate election coverage%who say they have seen inaccurate news about the 2024 presidential election and most Republicans say they find it difficult to determine whats true%who say they generally find it _ when getting news and information about the presidential campaign and candid

22、ates Note:Respondents who did not answer are not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted Sept.16-22,2024.“Americans Views of 2024 Election News”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 51%2434%3814%36SomewhatoftenExtremely/Very oftenNot too often/Not at allRep/Lean RepDem/Lean Dem38%5861%42Rep/Lean RepEasy to determ

23、ine what is true and what is notDifficult to determine what is true and what is notDem/Lean Dem6 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org How Americans attention toward election news has changed throughout the campaign Overall,about seven-in-ten Americans say they are following news about the candida

24、tes for the 2024 presidential election very(28%)or fairly(40%)closely.This is up from 58%in April and 65%in July,mirroring a pattern also seen in 2020 in which attention increases closer to Election Day.Between April and September of this year,the increase was driven particularly by Democrats,who we

25、re slightly less likely than Republicans to be following election news closely in the two earlier surveys.Now,there is no difference between the two parties in their levels of attention.About six-in-ten Americans say they are worn out by so much coverage of the campaign,while nearly four-in-ten say

26、they like seeing a lot of coverage.These shares are similar to those measured in April,as well as in surveys conducted in 2020 and 2016.Jump to more about how much attention Americans are paying to election news.About 7 in 10 Americans are closely following news about 2024 presidential candidates%of

27、 U.S.adults who say they have been very/fairly closely following news about candidates for the presidential election Note:Directly comparable figures from September in election years are in bold.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted Sept.16-22,2024.“Americans Views of 2024 Election News”PEW RESEARCH

28、 CENTER 7 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org What kinds of news about the election are Americans seeing and what do they want to see?The survey asked Americans how much they have heard about several specific election-related topics that have been in the news in recent months.We found that most

29、people say they have heard or read a lot about Vice President Kamala Harris replacing President Joe Biden as the Democratic nominee(70%),the first assassination attempt on former President Donald Trump in July(66%),and the debate between Harris and Trump on Sept.10(64%).(The survey questions were fi

30、nalized before the second assassination attempt on Trump in September.)Smaller shares say they have heard a lot about the vice presidential candidates,the two parties national conventions,and third-party candidate Robert F.Kennedy Jr.endorsing Trump when he dropped out of the race.Still,large majori

31、ties of Americans say they have heard at least a little about each of these topics.Majorities of Americans have heard a lot about Harris replacing Biden,Trumps July assassination attempt,and the presidential debate in September%of U.S.adults who have heard or read _ about Source:Survey of U.S.adults

32、 conducted Sept.16-22,2024.“Americans Views of 2024 Election News”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 70%6664363229242225%29304747454955A lotA littleThe attempted assassination of Donald Trump in JulyKamala Harris replacing Joe Biden as the Democratic candidateJD Vance,Trumps vice presidential candidateFormer indep

33、endent candidate Robert F.Kennedy Jr.endorsing Donald TrumpTim Walz,Harris vice presidential candidateThe debate between Kamala Harris and Donald Trump The Democratic National Convention in AugustThe Republican National Convention in July8 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org More generally,news

34、about the candidates comments and actions on the campaign trail appears to be the most common type of coverage people are seeing.Four-in-ten U.S.adults say this is the type of election news they see most,outpacing information about the candidates stances on issues(17%),their moral characters(14%)or

35、which candidate is leading the race(13%).This does not align with what Americans are most interested in.For example,higher shares say they are extremely or very interested in news about candidates stances on the issues(75%)and their moral characters(60%)than say the same about candidates comments an

36、d actions during the campaign(49%).About half of Americans(49%)say they are extremely or very interested in the candidates career experiences,while just 3%say this is the topic they see the most news about.Jump to more information about what election news topics Americans are seeing.Americans most i

37、nterested in presidential candidates stances on issues,but they most often see news about the campaign trail Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted Sept.16-22,2024.“Americans Views of 2024 Election News”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 9 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Age differences in primary platforms

38、 used for election news Americans get news about politics and the election in a wide variety of ways.No single platform dominates:About a third of U.S.adults(35%)say TV is their most common source of election news,while roughly one-in-five each say the same about news websites or apps(21%)and social

39、 media(20%).Smaller shares primarily use other platforms,including search engines,podcasts,radio or print publications.Younger and older Americans are getting election news in very different ways.Nearly half of U.S.adults under 30(46%)say that social media are their most common source of election ne

40、ws,while others in this age category turn to different digital sources like news websites or apps(18%),search engines(12%)or podcasts(6%).One-in-ten say TV is their most common source of election news.But among U.S.adults ages 65 and older,a majority(63%)say TV is their top source.The same is true f

41、or 44%of those ages 50 to 64.Nearly half of adults under 30 say social media are their main source of political and election news%of U.S.adults who say _ is the most common way they get political and election news,by age Note:Respondents who did not give an answer or who said“Some other way”are not

42、shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted Sept.16-22,2024.“Americans Views of 2024 Election News”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 10%18461226223%24231066244%247774263%1533525Ages 18-2930-4950-6465+Print newspapers or magazinesTelevisionNews websites or appsRadioSocial mediaPodcastsSearch through Google or othe

43、r search engines10 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org The survey also asked about several specific news outlets as sources of political and election news;there was little change on these questions since 2020.About two-thirds of Americans say national TV networks(ABC,CBS and NBC)are at least a m

44、inor source of political and election news for them,including three-in-ten who cite this as a major source.CNN and Fox News are each sources of election news for about half of Americans,with about two-in-ten naming each cable news network as a major source.Smaller shares cite other outlets as major

45、or minor sources of election news,including MSNBC,The New York Times,NPR,The Washington Post and conservative talk radio.While Democrats and Republicans largely give similar answers about what platforms they use most often for election news(e.g.,TV,social media,etc.),there are huge differences betwe

46、en the two parties on several of these specific outlets.Republicans are much more likely than Democrats to say Fox News and talk radio are at least minor sources of election news for them.But Democrats are far more likely than Republicans to get election news from all of the other news outlets menti

47、oned in the survey.For instance,about twice as many Democrats(72%)as Republicans(35%)say CNN is at least a minor source of political and election news for them.Jump to more on Americans sources of election news.Republicans,Democrats turn to different news outlets for election news%who use each of th

48、e following as a major/minor source of political and election news Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted Sept.16-22,2024.“Americans Views of 2024 Election News”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 54%3569262421224282%72325653484514Rep/Lean RepDem/Lean DemFox News CNNMSNBCABC,CBS or NBC NPRConservative talk radio,suc

49、h as Sean Hannity or Mark Levin The Washington PostThe New York Times11 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Ratings of the news medias election coverage differ by party There also are huge partisan differences in opinions on how well the news media have done covering the 2024 presidential electi

50、on.Overall,more than half of U.S.adults say the media have done very(13%)or somewhat(45%)well covering the election,similar to the share who said the same in 2020.But Democrats are about twice as likely as Republicans to hold this opinion(77%vs.39%).Within each party,these perceptions differ by age.

51、While younger Democrats are less likely than older Democrats to give the media positive marks on their 2024 election coverage,the opposite is true among Republicans.Younger Republicans are somewhat more likely than their older GOP counterparts to say the media are doing at least somewhat well.People

52、 across all political and age groups are more likely to say the news sources they turn to most often are doing well covering the election than to say the same about the news media in general.Jump to more on how Americans feel about election news.Over half of Republicans say the news media are doing

53、poorly at covering the presidential election%who say the news media have covered the presidential election Note:Respondents who did not answer are not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted Sept.16-22,2024.“Americans Views of 2024 Election News”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 45%335613%62126%341915%263Very

54、 wellNot at all wellSomewhat wellNot too wellRep/Lean RepDem/Lean DemAll U.S.adults12 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org 1.How closely are Americans following election news,and what are they seeing?About seven-in-ten Americans surveyed in September(69%)say they are following news about the pres

55、idential candidates for the 2024 election very(28%)or fairly(40%)closely.More people say they are tuning in to election news as Election Day gets closer.In April,58%of U.S.adults said they were following the election at least fairly closely,and by July,that number had risen to 65%.Attention in 2020

56、also increased closer to that election.A survey conducted in late August and early September 2020 found that 66%of Americans said they were very or fairly closely following news about candidates Joe Biden and Donald Trump,while in late September and early October 2016,74%of respondents were followin

57、g news about Trump and Hillary Clinton.A majority of Americans are closely following news about the 2024 presidential candidates%of U.S.adults who say they have been very/fairly closely following news about candidates for the presidential election Note:Directly comparable figures from September in e

58、lection years are in bold.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted Sept.16-22,2024.“Americans Views of 2024 Election News”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 13 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org This year,the rise in attention to the election has been driven by Democrats.While Republicans and independents who le

59、an toward the GOP were somewhat more likely than Democrats and Democratic leaners to be following the election at least fairly closely in April and July,the two parties are now about equally likely to say they are following news about the candidates very or fairly closely(70%vs.71%,respectively).The

60、 July survey was conducted July 1-7,before Biden announced his withdrawal as the Democratic candidate on July 21.On Aug.5,Vice President Kamala Harris was confirmed as his replacement.Republicans,Democrats now following election news at equal rates%who say they have been very/fairly closely followin

61、g news about candidates for the presidential election Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted Sept.16-22,2024.“Americans Views of 2024 Election News”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 14 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Older Americans are paying much closer attention to election news than are younger adults,

62、mirroring patterns in overall attention to news.About half of U.S.adults ages 18 to 29(53%)say they are following news about the candidates at least fairly closely,compared with 85%of those ages 65 and older.And older adults are nearly four times as likely as Americans under 30 to say theyre followi

63、ng election news very closely(46%vs.12%).Older Americans more likely to be following election news closely%who say they have been very/fairly closely following news about candidates for the 2024 presidential election*Estimates for Asian adults are representative of English speakers only.Note:White,B

64、lack and Asian adults include those who report being only one race and are not Hispanic.Hispanic adults are of any race.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted Sept.16-22,2024.“Americans Views of 2024 Election News”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 69%75635360788561697675605758All U.S.adultsMenWomenAges 18-2930-495

65、0-6465+H.S.or lessSome collegeCollege+WhiteBlackHispanicAsian*15 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org In a 2024 presidential campaign season that has seen a number of major and dramatic events,three of them stand out in terms of the publics exposure to that news.Fully 70%of U.S.adults say they ha

66、ve heard or read a lot about Harris replacing Biden as the Democratic presidential candidate.Close behind is the July 13 assassination attempt on former President Donald Trump during a Pennsylvania rally,with 66%saying they have heard a lot about that.(The survey questions were finalized before the

67、second assassination attempt on Trump in September.)Finally,reinforcing reports of a large viewing audience,64%of Americans say they heard a lot about the Sept.10 ABC debate between Trump and Harris.Much smaller shares say they have heard or read a lot about several other topics mentioned in the sur

68、vey.These include the vice presidential candidates,Republican JD Vance(36%)and Democrat Tim Walz(32%);the Democratic(29%)and Republican(24%)National Conventions;and third-party candidate Robert F.Kennedy Jr.endorsing Trump when he withdrew from the race(22%).Still,large majorities say they have hear

69、d at least a little about each of these topics.The election-related events and people Americans have heard about most%of U.S.adults who have heard or read _ about Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted Sept.16-22,2024.“Americans Views of 2024 Election News”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 70%6664363229242225%2930

70、4747454955A lotA littleThe attempted assassination of Donald Trump in JulyKamala Harris replacing Joe Biden as the Democratic candidateJD Vance,Trumps vice presidential candidateFormer independent candidate Robert F.Kennedy Jr.endorsing Donald TrumpTim Walz,Harris vice presidential candidateThe deba

71、te between Kamala Harris and Donald Trump The Democratic National Convention in AugustThe Republican National Convention in July16 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Similar shares of the two parties say they have heard or read a lot about the first attempted assassination of Trump in July.But

72、on each other campaign topic measured by the survey,there are partisan differences in how much people have heard.For instance,Democrats are more likely than Republicans to say they have heard or read a lot about Harris replacing Biden as the nominee(76%vs.67%).And the gap is larger when it comes to

73、the debate between Harris and Trump,with 72%of Democrats saying they heard a lot about it,compared with 58%of Republicans.Democrats also are more likely than Republicans to have heard a lot about not only Walz(41%vs.25%)but also Vance(41%vs.34%).Four-in-ten Democrats say they heard or read a lot abo

74、ut the Democratic National Convention,compared with 21%of Republicans who say the same.Republicans are more likely than Democrats to say they heard a lot about the Republican National Convention,but the gap is smaller(29%vs.20%).Republicans are modestly more likely than Democrats to say they have he

75、ard or read a lot about Kennedy endorsing Trump when he dropped out of the race(27%vs.19%).Partisan differences in exposure to recent campaign stories%who have heard or read a lot about Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted Sept.16-22,2024.“Americans Views of 2024 Election News”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 6

76、7%6958342521292776%67724141402019Rep/Lean RepDem/Lean DemThe attempted assassination of Donald Trump in JulyKamala Harris replacing Joe Biden as the Democratic candidateJD Vance,Trumps vice presidential candidateFormer independent candidate Robert F.Kennedy Jr.endorsing Donald TrumpTim Walz,Harris v

77、ice presidential candidateThe debate between Kamala Harris and Donald Trump The Democratic National Convention in AugustThe Republican National Convention in July17 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org The survey asked respondents what kinds of news about the presidential candidates they are most

78、 interested in seeing.Topping the list is news about the candidates stances on issues,with 75%of U.S.adults saying they are extremely or very interested in this.60%are extremely or very interested in the candidates moral characters.About half are highly interested in the candidates career experience

79、s and their actions and comments on the campaign trail(49%each).42%express high levels of interest in who is leading the race.And trailing far behind,only 14%say they are extremely or very interested in the candidates personal lives.Democrats and Democratic-leaning independents are considerably more

80、 likely than Republicans and GOP leaners to be highly interested in the candidates moral characters(69%vs.52%).The survey also asked which of these six types of election news Americans see most often,and the top areas of interest for Americans do not always line up with what they are actually seeing

81、 the most news about.By far,the leading topic seen by Americans is news about the candidates actions and comments on the campaign trail:40%say they see the most news about this,even though it is not among the top two topics in terms of interest.Americans most often see news about actions on the pres

82、idential campaign trail,though they are most interested in their stances on issues Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted Sept.16-22,2024.“Americans Views of 2024 Election News”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 18 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Smaller shares say they see the most news about the candidate

83、s stances on issues(17%),the candidates moral characters(14%)or the political horse race(13%).Just 8%say the most common type of election news they see involves the candidates personal lives,while 3%most often see news about the candidates career experiences.19 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.or

84、g 2.Where Americans turn for election news There is no single platform or pathway that most Americans use as their primary way to get news about the election.About a third of U.S.adults say television is the most common way they get political and election news(35%),while roughly one-in-five each mos

85、t commonly get it from news websites or apps(21%)or social media(20%).Smaller shares turn primarily to search engines like Google(8%)or to radio or podcasts(5%each).And just 3%of U.S.adults say print newspapers or magazines are their most common way of getting election news.TV is Americans most comm

86、on platform for political news,followed by news websites and social media%of U.S.adults who say _ is the most common way they get political and election news Note:Respondents who did not answer are not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted Sept.16-22,2024.“Americans Views of 2024 Election News

87、”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 35%212085534Print newspapers or magazinesTelevisionSome other way Social media RadioNews websites or appsPodcastsSearch through Google or other search engines20 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org The platforms Americans use for election news differ by age Different age grou

88、ps turn to these platforms at drastically different rates.Almost half of U.S.adults under 30(46%)most commonly use social media for political news.This is twice the share of 30-to 49-year-olds who say the same(23%).And it far surpasses the small shares of those ages 50 to 64(7%)and 65 and older(3%)w

89、ho primarily use social media in this way.Older adults are far more likely than their younger counterparts to say TV is their most common way of getting political news.TV is the most common source of political news for the majority of Americans ages 65 or older(63%).By comparison,just one-in-ten adu

90、lts under 30 say TV is their primary source for this type of news.Americans ages 30 to 49 have the most varied habits when it comes to election news.People in this group are about equally likely to say they get most of their election news from TV(23%),social media(23%)and news websites or apps(24%).

91、Republicans and Democrats are mostly similar in which platforms they use for political news.For example,about a third of Republicans and Republican leaners get political news from television(34%),identical to the share of Democrats and Democratic leaners who say the same.Older adults far more likely

92、 to name TV as their main source for election news%of U.S.adults who say _ is the most common way they get political and election news,by age Note:Respondents who did not give an answer or who said“Some other way”are not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted Sept.16-22,2024.“Americans Views of

93、 2024 Election News”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 10%18461226223%24231066244%247774263%1533525Ages 18-2930-4950-6465+Print newspapers or magazinesTelevisionNews websites or appsRadioSocial mediaPodcastsSearch through Google or other search engines21 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org The survey also aske

94、d respondents whether they use eight specific news outlets(or groups of outlets)as major or minor sources of political and election news.For most of these outlets,the share of Americans who use each for political news has remained largely steady since we last asked these questions ahead of the 2020

95、election.Network television news remains the most widely used of these sources:68%of Americans say ABC,CBS or NBC is at least a minor source for election news,including three-in-ten who name this as a major source.About half of U.S.adults use CNN(53%)or Fox News(50%)as a major or minor source of pol

96、itical news,while about four-in-ten say the same about MSNBC(41%).Both The New York Times(38%)and The Washington Post(32%)remain sources of election news for many Americans,although the shares who turn to these traditional newspapers have declined modestly since 2020(from 42%and 39%,respectively).Ab

97、out a third of Americans name NPR(34%)as at least a minor source of election news,while 27%use conservative talk radio,such as Sean Hannity or Mark Levin(27%).The share who cite Little change in how Americans use specific outlets for election news since 2020%of U.S.adults who use each of the followi

98、ng as a _ of political and election news Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted Sept.16-22,2024.“Americans Views of 2024 Election News”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 30%21221212128837%3328282622241968%5350413834322732%2021131415111037%3428282822281769%53494142373927Major sourceMinorsourceNETSep 24Sep 20ABC,CBS

99、or NBC CNNFox NewsMSNBCThe New York TimesConservative talk radio,such as Sean Hannity or Mark Levin The Washington PostNPR22 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org talk radio as at least a minor source of election news is identical to 2020,when the question named Rush Limbaugh as an example before

100、his death in 2021.How election news sources differ by political party Republicans and Democrats differ substantially in the rates that they use all eight major news brands our survey asked about to get political and election news.Two of these sources Fox News and conservative talk radio are much mor

101、e commonly used by Republicans.For example,while 69%of Republicans say Fox News is at least a minor source of political and election news for them,only 32%of Democrats say the same.But Democrats are more likely than Republicans to use each of the other six sources,ranging from cable networks like CN

102、N and MSNBC to network TV channels,legacy newspapers and NPR.For instance,48%of Democrats say they use NPR as a major or minor source of election news,compared with 21%of Republicans.Republicans and Democrats differ in shares who use several major news outlets for political news%who use each of the

103、following as a major/minor source of political and election news Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted Sept.16-22,2024.“Americans Views of 2024 Election News”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 54%3569262421224282%72325653484514Rep/Lean RepDem/Lean DemFox News CNNMSNBCABC,CBS or NBC NPRConservative talk radio,such

104、as Sean Hannity or Mark Levin The Washington PostThe New York Times23 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Age differences within the parties Younger Republicans are less likely than their older GOP counterparts to say they use both Fox News and talk radio as sources for political and election ne

105、ws.For example,about six-in-ten Republicans under 30(58%)say Fox News is at least a minor source of election news for them,compared with almost eight-in-ten Republicans ages 65 or older(79%)who say the same.By contrast,younger Republicans are more likely than older Republicans to use several other s

106、ources,including The New York Times,The Washington Post and CNN.Younger Democrats also are more likely than older Democrats to use The New York Times and The Washington Post as major or minor sources of political news during this election year.For instance,two-thirds of Democrats under 30 say they u

107、se The New York Times,compared with just 38%of Democrats ages 65 and older.Compared with their elders,younger Democrats are less likely to use the network TV stations or MSNBC as sources of election news in line with the broader pattern that older Americans are Within each party,younger adults turn

108、to different outlets for election news than older adults%who use each of the following as a major/minor source of political and election news Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted Sept.16-22,2024.“Americans Views of 2024 Election News”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 24 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org mo

109、re likely to name TV as their most common source for such news.But Democrats of different age groups use CNN as a source of election news at nearly identical rates.25 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org 3.How Americans feel about election coverage There is no consensus among Americans about how

110、easy it is to find reliable information about the presidential election.About four-in-ten U.S.adults(39%)say it has been very or somewhat easy to find reliable information about the 2024 presidential election,somewhat larger than the share who have found it very or somewhat difficult(28%).An additio

111、nal 32%say it has been neither easy nor difficult.About 4 in 10 Americans say they can easily find reliable election information%of U.S.adults who say it has been _ to find reliable information about the 2024 presidential election Note:Respondents who did not answer are not shown.Source:Survey of U.

112、S.adults conducted Sept.16-22,2024.“Americans Views of 2024 Election News”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 39%3228Very/Somewhat difficultVery/Somewhat easyNeither easy nor difficult26 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org By party and ideology Democrats are much more likely than Republicans to say finding reli

113、able information has been easy,while Republicans are more inclined to say its been difficult.Around half of Democrats and independents who lean Democratic(52%)say its been very or somewhat easy to find reliable information about the 2024 election,compared with 29%of Republicans and Republican leaner

114、s who say the same.On the other hand,Republicans are about twice as likely as Democrats to say its been at least somewhat difficult to find reliable election information(39%vs.18%).In both parties,views differ by ideology:Conservative Republicans are slightly more likely than Republicans who describ

115、e themselves as moderate or liberal to say its been difficult to find reliable information(42%vs.35%).Liberal Democrats are more likely than conservative or moderate Democrats to say that finding reliable information has been easy(62%vs.44%).Republicans especially conservatives are more likely to sa

116、y its hard to find reliable election news%who say it has been _ to find reliable information about the 2024 presidential election Note:Respondents who did not answer are not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted Sept.16-22,2024.“Americans Views of 2024 Election News”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 29%5231

117、27446231%302738362439%1842352014Very/Somewhat difficultVery/Somewhat easyNeither easy nor difficultLiberal DemConserv RepConserv/Mod DemMod/Lib RepRep/Lean RepDem/Lean Dem27 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org A majority of Americans(58%)think the news media have covered the 2024 election well,i

118、ncluding 13%who think they have covered it very well.On the other hand,41%say the news media have done not too(26%)or not at all(15%)well covering the presidential race.Americans views on campaign media coverage were almost identical at the same point in the 2020 election cycle.Little change in Amer

119、icans views of election coverage since 2020%of U.S.adults who say the news media have covered the presidential election Note:Respondents who did not answer are not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted Sept.16-22,2024.“Americans Views of 2024 Election News”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 13%1245%4626%2715

120、%14VerywellSomewhatwellNot toowellNot at all wellSep 24Sep 2028 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org By party As in 2020,Republicans are much more critical of election coverage than Democrats.Six-in-ten Republicans say the news media have not covered the 2024 presidential campaign well,compared w

121、ith just 22%of Democrats who hold this view.And among Republicans,conservatives(69%)are much more likely than those who identify as moderate or liberal(47%)to think the news media are not doing a good job covering the 2024 election.Republicans are more critical of news media coverage of the election

122、%who say the news media have covered the presidential election Note:Respondents who did not answer are not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted Sept.16-22,2024.“Americans Views of 2024 Election News”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 34%3358565%6182136%34191924%2653Sep 20Sep 24Sep 20Sep 24Very wellNot at al

123、l wellSomewhat wellNot too wellAmong Rep/Lean RepAmong Dem/Lean Dem29 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Within each party,responses differ by age group.Among Republicans,those under 30 are more likely than older adults to say that the media are doing at least somewhat well:51%say this,versus 4

124、2%of those ages 30 to 49 and about a third of those ages 50 and older.Among Democrats,the opposite is true:Adults under 30 are less likely than their elders to say the news media are covering the election well,though a 69%majority still say this.Young Republicans rate the medias election coverage mo

125、re highly than do older Republicans%who say the news media have covered the 2024 presidential election very/somewhat well Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted Sept.16-22,2024.“Americans Views of 2024 Election News”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 51%42323569748187Ages 18-2930-4950-6465+Ages 18-2930-4950-6465+Re

126、p/Lean RepDem/Lean Dem30 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Americans views of news sources they turn to most for election news Americans are much more positive in their assessments of the sources they turn to most often for news about the presidential election than they are about the news medi

127、a as a whole.Around eight-in-ten U.S.adults(81%)say the news sources they turn to most often have covered the 2024 election very(27%)or somewhat(54%)well.Far fewer say their go-to sources have covered the presidential election not too(15%)or not at all(3%)well.Americans held similar views about 2020

128、 election coverage by their most common news sources.Most Americans think their own news sources cover the election well%of U.S.adults who say the news sources they turn to most often have covered the presidential election Note:Respondents who did not answer are not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults

129、 conducted Sept.16-22,2024.“Americans Views of 2024 Election News”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 27%3054%5315%123%4VerywellSomewhatwellNottoowellNot at allwellSep 24Oct 2031 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org By party Even when it comes to the news sources they use most often,Republicans are twice as like

130、ly as Democrats to say these sources have not covered the 2024 election well(22%vs.11%).But Republicans see their own main sources of election news in a much more positive light than the news media in general.The vast majority of both Republicans(77%)and Democrats(87%)say their most-used news source

131、s have covered this election cycle at least somewhat well.Democrats more likely to say their go-to sources are covering the election well%who say the news sources they turn to most often have covered the 2024 presidential election Note:Respondents who did not answer are not shown.Source:Survey of U.

132、S.adults conducted Sept.16-22,2024.“Americans Views of 2024 Election News”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 23%3355%5518%104%1VerywellSomewhatwellNottoowellNot at allwellRep/Lean RepDem/Lean Dem32 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org A majority of Americans(59%)say they are worn out by so much coverage of the

133、2024 presidential election.This figure has been roughly consistent since we first asked this question in 2016.Meanwhile,about four-in-ten say they like seeing a lot of coverage of the campaign and candidates.Similar to when this question was asked in the spring,those who are following the election m

134、ore closely are more likely to say that they like seeing a lot of coverage of the campaign and candidates.Most Americans feel worn out by election news,similar to previous years%of U.S.adults who say Note:Respondents who did not answer are not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted Sept.16-22,2

135、024.“Americans Views of 2024 Election News”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 59%61625939%373539I like seeing a lot of coverage of the campaign and candidatesI feel worn out by so much coverage of the campaign and candidatesJul 16Oct 20Sep24Apr2433 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Republicans and Democrats

136、agree on this:59%of Americans in each party say they feel worn out by so much coverage of the campaign and candidates.This is a change from April,before President Joe Biden withdrew from the race.At that time,Democrats were slightly more likely than Republicans to say they felt worn out by so much e

137、lection coverage(66%vs.58%).Similar shares of Republicans,Democrats feel worn out by election coverage%who say they feel worn out by so much coverage of the campaign and candidates,by party Note:Respondents who did not answer are not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted Sept.16-22,2024.“Ameri

138、cans Views of 2024 Election News”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 34 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org 4.Accuracy of election news Most U.S.adults(73%)say they see inaccurate election news at least somewhat often,including 37%who say they see this extremely or very often.Only 3%of Americans say they dont s

139、ee inaccurate news about the election at all.By party Republicans and independents who lean toward the Republican Party are about twice as likely as Democrats and Democratic leaners to say they come across inaccurate election news extremely or very often(51%vs.24%).Meanwhile,about a third of Democra

140、ts(36%)say they see inaccurate election news not too often or not at all,while just 14%of Republicans say the same.Conservative Republicans are more likely than Republicans who describe themselves as moderate or liberal to report seeing inaccurate news coverage about the election extremely or very o

141、ften(60%vs.37%).About three-quarters of Americans say they see inaccurate election news at least somewhat often%of U.S.adults who say they have seen inaccurate news about the 2024 presidential election Note:Respondents who did not answer are not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted Sept.16-22

142、,2024.“Americans Views of 2024 Election News”PEW RESEARCH CENTER Republicans more likely to report seeing inaccurate info about the election%who say they have seen inaccurate news about the 2024 presidential election Note:Respondents who did not answer are not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults condu

143、cted Sept.16-22,2024.“Americans Views of 2024 Election News”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 14%2336223ExtremelyoftenSomewhatoftenVeryoftenNot toooftenNotat all51%2434%3814%36SomewhatoftenExtremely/Very oftenNot toooften/Not at allRep/Lean RepDem/Lean Dem35 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Hearing inaccur

144、ate election news in conversation News coverage is not the only place where Americans are seeing or hearing information about the presidential election that they consider inaccurate.About six-in-ten U.S.adults(58%)say they hear people share inaccurate information about the election in conversation a

145、t least somewhat often,including 27%who hear this extremely or very often.There are not substantial differences between the two major political parties on this question.58%of U.S.adults say theyve heard people share inaccurate election info in conversation at least somewhat often%of U.S.adults who s

146、ay they have heard people share inaccurate information in conversations about the 2024 presidential election Note:Respondents who did not answer are not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted Sept.16-22,2024.“Americans Views of 2024 Election News”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 27%312517SomewhatoftenExtrem

147、ely/Very oftenNot too often/Not at allDo not discuss theelection 36 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Accuracy of news from primary sources Just 10%of U.S.adults report seeing inaccurate news coverage from their most-used sources extremely or very often,and 25%say they see this somewhat often.

148、A majority(63%)say they have not seen inaccurate news coverage of the election often or at all from their most commonly used sources.By party Republicans are more likely than Democrats to say they see inaccurate election news from the sources they turn to most often.Still,fewer than half of Republic

149、ans(42%)say they see this at least somewhat often,including just 14%who say they extremely or very often see inaccurate election coverage from their primary sources.Relatively few Americans report seeing inaccurate election news from their sources often%of U.S.adults who say they have seen inaccurat

150、e news about the 2024 presidential election _ from the news sources they turn to most often Note:Respondents who did not answer are not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted Sept.16-22,2024.“Americans Views of 2024 Election News”PEW RESEARCH CENTER More Republicans than Democrats report seeing

151、 inaccurate election info from their most-used sources%who say they have seen inaccurate news about the 2024 presidential election _ from the news sources they turn to most often Note:Respondents who did not answer are not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted Sept.16-22,2024.“Americans Views

152、of 2024 Election News”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 14%828%2157%70SomewhatoftenExtremely/Very oftenNot too often/Not at allRep/Lean RepDem/Lean Dem10%2563SomewhatoftenExtremely/Very oftenNot too often/Not at all37 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Americans are split over how easy it is to discern whats

153、 true about the presidential campaign.Around half(52%)say they generally find it difficult to determine whether election news is true or not,slightly more than the share who find it easy to determine(47%).These numbers are similar to the last time we asked this question in October 2020,when 55%of U.

154、S.adults said it was difficult to distinguish truth from fiction.About half of Americans say its hard to determine what is true or not when getting election news%of U.S.adults who say they generally find it _ when getting news and information about the presidential campaign and candidates Note:Respo

155、ndents who did not answer are not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted Sept.16-22,2024.“Americans Views of 2024 Election News”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 52%5547%45Sep 24Oct 20Easy to determine what is true and what is notDifficult to determine what is true and what is not38 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.p

156、ewresearch.org By party and ideology Just as they are more likely to report seeing inaccurate information about the election,Republicans also are more likely to say they find it tough to know what is true.Most Republicans(61%)say it is difficult to determine what is true and what is not,compared wit

157、h 42%of Democrats who express this view.A majority of Democrats(58%)say they find it easy to distinguish truth from fiction when it comes to election news.Views also vary within each party by ideology:Moderate or liberal Republicans are more likely than conservative Republicans to say its difficult

158、to determine whether election-related information is true or not.Among Democrats,liberals are especially likely to find it easy to sort out truth from fiction.Most liberal Democrats think its easy to determine truth from fiction when it comes to election news%who say they generally find it _ when ge

159、tting news and information about the presidential campaign and candidates Note:Respondents who did not answer are not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted Sept.16-22,2024.“Americans Views of 2024 Election News”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 61%425868503138%5842325069Conserv RepMod/Lib RepConserv/Mod Dem

160、Liberal DemEasy to determine what is true and what is notDifficult to determine what is true and what is notRep/Lean RepDem/Lean Dem39 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Acknowledgments Pew Research Center is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts,its primary funder.This is the latest report

161、 in Pew Research Centers ongoing investigation of the state of news,information and journalism in the digital age,a research program funded by The Pew Charitable Trusts,with generous support from the John S.and James L.Knight Foundation.This report is a collaborative effort based on the input and an

162、alysis of the Centers news and information research team,politics research team,methods,communications,design,digital and editorial teams.Find related reports online at pewresearch.org/topic/news-habits-media/.Research Elisa Shearer,Senior Researcher Michael Lipka,Associate Director,News and Informa

163、tion Research Sarah Naseer,Research Analyst Emily Tomasik,Research Assistant Mark Jurkowitz,Senior Writer Katerina Eva Matsa,Director,News and Information Research Carroll Doherty,Director,Political Research Kirsten Eddy,Senior Researcher Luxuan Wang,Research Associate Jacob Liedke,Research Analyst

164、Editorial and Graphic Design Rebecca Leppert,Copy Editor Kaitlyn Radde,Associate Information Graphics Designer Peter Bell,Associate Director,Design and Production Andrea Caumont,Associate Director,Digital Outreach Communications and Web Publishing Sogand Afkari,Communications Manager Mithila Samak,C

165、ommunications Associate Justine Coleman,Associate Digital Producer In addition,the project benefited greatly from the guidance of the Pew Research Center methodology team:Courtney Kennedy,Andrew Mercer,Ashley Amaya,Dorene Asare-Marfo,Dana Popky,Anna Brown and Arnold Lau.40 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pe

166、wresearch.org Methodology Overview Data in this report comes from Wave 155 of the American Trends Panel(ATP),Pew Research Centers nationally representative panel of randomly selected U.S.adults.The survey was conducted from Sept.16 to 22,2024.A total of 9,680 panelists responded out of 10,627 who we

167、re sampled,for a survey-level response rate of 91%.The cumulative response rate accounting for nonresponse to the recruitment surveys and attrition is 3%.The break-off rate among panelists who logged on to the survey and completed at least one item is 1%.The margin of sampling error for the full sam

168、ple of 9,680 respondents is plus or minus 1.3 percentage points.SSRS conducted the survey for Pew Research Center via online(n=9,391)and live telephone(n=289)interviewing.Interviews were conducted in both English and Spanish.To learn more about the ATP,read“About the American Trends Panel.”Panel rec

169、ruitment Since 2018,the ATP has used address-based sampling(ABS)for recruitment.A study cover letter and a pre-incentive are mailed to a stratified,random sample of households selected from the U.S.Postal Services Computerized Delivery Sequence File.This Postal Service file has been estimated to cov

170、er 90%to 98%of the population.1 Within each sampled household,the adult with the next birthday is selected to participate.Other details of the ABS recruitment protocol have changed over time but are available upon request.2 Prior to 2018,the ATP was recruited using landline and cellphone random-digi

171、t-dial surveys administered in English and Spanish.A national sample of U.S.adults has been recruited to the ATP approximately once per year since 2014.In some years,the recruitment has included additional efforts(known as an“oversample”)to improve the accuracy of data for underrepresented groups.Fo

172、r example,Hispanic adults,Black adults and Asian adults were oversampled in 2019,2022 and 2023,respectively.1 AAPOR Task Force on Address-based Sampling.2016.“AAPOR Report:Address-based Sampling.”2 Email pewsurveyspewresearch.org.41 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Sample design The overall t

173、arget population for this survey was noninstitutionalized persons ages 18 and older living in the United States.All active panel members were invited to participate in this wave.Questionnaire development and testing The questionnaire was developed by Pew Research Center in consultation with SSRS.The

174、 web program used for online respondents was rigorously tested on both PC and mobile devices by the SSRS project team and Pew Research Center researchers.The SSRS project team also populated test data that was analyzed in SPSS to ensure the logic and randomizations were working as intended before la

175、unching the survey.Incentives All respondents were offered a post-paid incentive for their participation.Respondents could choose to receive the post-paid incentive in the form of a check or gift code to A,T or W.Incentive amounts ranged from$5 to$15 depending on whether the respondent belongs to a

176、part of the population that is harder or easier to reach.Differential incentive amounts were designed to increase panel survey participation among groups that traditionally have low survey response propensities.Data collection protocol The data collection field period for this survey was Sept.16-22,

177、2024.Surveys were conducted via self-administered web survey or by live telephone interviewing.For panelists who take surveys online:Postcard notifications were mailed to a subset on Sept.16.3 Survey invitations were sent out in two separate launches:soft launch and full launch.Sixty panelists were

178、included in the soft launch,which began with an initial invitation sent on Sept.16.All remaining English-and Spanish-speaking sampled online panelists were included in the full launch and were sent an invitation on Sept.17.3 The ATP does not use routers or chains in any part of its online data colle

179、ction protocol,nor are they used to direct respondents to additional surveys.Postcard notifications for web panelists are sent to 1)panelists who were recruited within the last two years and 2)panelists recruited prior to the last two years who opt to continue receiving postcard notifications.42 PEW

180、 RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Invitation and reminder dates for web respondents,ATP Wave 155 Soft launch Full launch Initial invitation Sept.16,2024 Sept.17,2024 First reminder Sept.19,2024 Sept.19,2024 Final reminder Sept.21,2024 Sept.21,2024 PEW RESEARCH CENTER Panelists participating onlin

181、e were sent an email invitation and up to two email reminders if they did not respond to the survey.ATP panelists who consented to SMS messages were sent an SMS invitation with a link to the survey and up to two SMS reminders.For panelists who take surveys over the phone with a live interviewer:Pren

182、otification postcards were mailed on Sept.11,and reminder postcards were mailed on Sept.16.Soft launch took place on Sept.16 and involved dialing until a total of four interviews had been completed.All remaining English-and Spanish-speaking sampled phone panelists numbers were dialed throughout the

183、remaining field period.Panelists who take surveys via phone can receive up to six calls from trained SSRS interviewers.Data quality checks To ensure high-quality data,Center researchers performed data quality checks to identify any respondents showing patterns of satisficing.This includes checking f

184、or whether respondents left questions blank at very high rates or always selected the first or last answer presented.As a result of this checking,eight ATP respondents were removed from the survey dataset prior to weighting and analysis.Weighting The ATP data is weighted in a process that accounts f

185、or multiple stages of sampling and nonresponse that occur at different points in the panel survey process.First,each panelist begins with a base weight that reflects their probability of recruitment into the panel.These weights are then calibrated to align with the population benchmarks in the accom

186、panying table to correct for nonresponse to recruitment surveys and panel attrition.If only a subsample of panelists was invited to participate in the wave,this weight is adjusted to account for any differential probabilities of selection.43 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Among the panelist

187、s who completed the survey,this weight is then calibrated again to align with the population benchmarks identified in the accompanying table and trimmed at the 1st and 99th percentiles to reduce the loss in precision stemming from variance in the weights.Sampling errors and tests of statistical sign

188、ificance take into account the effect of weighting.American Trends Panel weighting dimensions Variable Benchmark source Age(detailed)Age x Gender Education x Gender Education x Age Race/Ethnicity x Education Race/Ethnicity x Gender Black(alone or in combination)x Hispanic Born inside vs.outside the

189、U.S.among Hispanics and Asian Americans Years lived in the U.S.Census region x Metropolitan status 2022 American Community Survey(ACS)Volunteerism 2021 CPS Volunteering&Civic Life Supplement Voter registration 2020 CPS Voting and Registration Supplement Frequency of internet use Religious affiliatio

190、n Party affiliation x Race/Ethnicity Party affiliation among registered voters 2024 National Public Opinion Reference Survey(NPORS)Note:Estimates from the ACS are based on noninstitutionalized adults.Voter registration is calculated using procedures from Hur,Achen(2013)and rescaled to include the to

191、tal U.S.adult population.PEW RESEARCH CENTER 44 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org The following table shows the unweighted sample sizes and the error attributable to sampling that would be expected at the 95%level of confidence for different groups in the survey.Sample sizes and sampling error

192、s for other subgroups are available upon request.In addition to sampling error,one should bear in mind that question wording and practical difficulties in conducting surveys can introduce error or bias into the findings of opinion polls.Sample sizes and margins of error,ATP Wave 155 Group Unweighted

193、 sample size Plus or minus Total sample 9,680 1.3 percentage points Rep/Lean Rep 4,483 1.9 percentage points Dem/Lean Dem 4,992 1.9 percentage points PEW RESEARCH CENTER 45 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Dispositions and response rates Final dispositions,ATP Wave 155 AAPOR code Total Comple

194、ted interview 1.1 9,680 Logged in(web)/Contacted(CATI),but did not complete any items 2.11 159 Started survey;broke off before completion 2.12 67 Never logged on(web)/Never reached on phone(CATI)2.20 713 Survey completed after close of the field period 2.27 0 Other non-interview 2.30 0 Completed int

195、erview but was removed for data quality 2.90 8 Total panelists sampled for the survey 10,627 Completed interviews I 9,680 Partial interviews P 0 Refusals R 226 Non-contact NC 713 Other O 8 Unknown household UH 0 Unknown other UO 0 Not eligible NE 0 Total 10,627 AAPOR RR1=I/(I+P+R+NC+O+UH+UO)91%PEW R

196、ESEARCH CENTER Cumulative response rate,ATP Wave 155 Total Weighted response rate to recruitment surveys 11%of recruitment survey respondents who agreed to join the panel,among those invited 73%of those agreeing to join who were active panelists at start of Wave 155 35%Response rate to Wave 155 survey 91%Cumulative response rate 3%PEW RESEARCH CENTER Pew Research Center 2024