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1、 FOR RELEASE JUNE 27,2024 BY Alec Tyson and Brian Kennedy FOR MEDIA OR OTHER INQUIRIES:Alec Tyson,Associate Director,Science and Society Research Haley Nolan,Communications Manager 202.419.4372 www.pewresearch.org RECOMMENDED CITATION Pew Research Center,June 2024,“How Americans View National,Local

2、and Personal Energy Choices”2 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan,nonadvocacy fact tank that informs the public about the issues,attitudes and trends shaping the world.It does not take policy positions.The Center conducts public opin

3、ion polling,demographic research,computational social science research and other data-driven research.It studies politics and policy;news habits and media;the internet and technology;religion;race and ethnicity;international affairs;social,demographic and economic trends;science;research methodology

4、 and data science;and immigration and migration.Pew Research Center is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts,its primary funder.Pew Research Center 2024 3 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org How we did this Pew Research Center conducted this study to understand Americans views of energy issu

5、es.For this analysis,we surveyed 8,638 U.S.adults from May 13 to 19,2024.Everyone who took part in the survey is a member of the Centers American Trends Panel(ATP),an online survey panel that is recruited through national,random sampling of residential addresses.This way,nearly all U.S.adults have a

6、 chance of selection.The survey is weighted to be representative of the U.S.adult population by gender,race,ethnicity,partisan affiliation,education and other categories.Read more about the ATPs methodology.Here are the questions used for this report,along with responses,and its Methodology.4 PEW RE

7、SEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org The planets continued streak of record heat has spurred calls for action by scientists and global leaders.Meanwhile,in the United States,energy development policy is being hotly debated on the national and local levels this election year.How do Americans feel about

8、U.S.energy policy options,and what steps are they willing to take in their own lives to reduce carbon emissions?A new Pew Research Center survey takes a look.Among the major findings:Theres been a decline in the breadth of support for wind and solar power.The shares who favor expanding solar and win

9、d power farms are down 12 percentage points and 11 points,respectively,since 2020,driven by sharp drops in support among Republicans.Interest in buying an electric vehicle(EV)is lower than a year ago.Today,29%of Americans say they would consider an EV for their next purchase,down from 38%in 2023.Sti

10、ll,a majority of Americans(63%)support the goal of the U.S.taking steps to become carbon neutral by 2050.When asked which is the greater priority,far more Americans continue to say the country should focus on developing renewable energy than fossil fuel sources(65%vs.34%).The survey,conducted May 13

11、-19 among 8,638 U.S.adults,finds a fairly modest share of U.S.adults(25%)say its extremely or very important to them personally to limit their own“carbon footprint.”Far more give this middling or low priority.Support for expanding wind,solar power in the U.S.has fallen since 2020%of U.S.adults who s

12、ay they favor more _ in the country Note:Respondents who gave other responses or did not give an answer are not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted May 13-19,2024.“How Americans View National,Local and Personal Energy Choices”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 5 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Thes

13、e findings illustrate how large shares of Americans back more renewable energy that would decrease overall carbon emissions.Still,this general orientation does not necessarily translate into strong commitment to reducing personal carbon emissions or interest in buying an EV.Jump to read more on:Tren

14、ds in views of energy development in the U.S.|Views on wind and solar development at the local level|Perceptions of solar power in peoples own lives Whats behind declines in support for wind and solar?Declines in public support for renewable energy have been driven by Republicans and Republican-lean

15、ing independents,whose support started to fall sharply after President Joe Biden took office in early 2021.64%of Republicans say they favor more solar panel farms,down from 84%in 2020.56%of Republicans say they favor more wind turbine farms,a 19-point drop from 2020.Over this same time period,views

16、among Democrats and Democratic leaners on these measures are little changed,with large majorities continuing to support more wind and solar development.In some cases,gaps between Republicans and Democrats over energy policy now approach the very wide partisan divides seen over the importance of clim

17、ate change.In May 2020,Democrats were 26 points more likely than Republicans to say the countrys priority should be developing renewable energy(91%vs.65%).Four years later,that gap has ballooned to 49 points,due almost entirely to changing views among Republicans 61%of whom now say developing fossil

18、 fuels like oil,coal and natural gas should be the more important priority.Growing partisan divide in support for expanding wind,solar power in the U.S.%who favor more _ in the country Note:Respondents who gave other responses or did not give an answer are not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults condu

19、cted May 13-19,2024.“How Americans View National,Local and Personal Energy Choices”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 6 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Jump to more details on partisan differences in views of U.S.energy development.But changes in attitudes about policies that would reduce carbon emissions

20、are not solely the result of more negative views among Republicans.For instance,the share of Democrats who say they are very or somewhat likely to consider an EV for their next car purchase has declined from 56%to 45%in the last year.And the share of Democrats who call climate change a very big prob

21、lem for the U.S.has declined from 71%in 2021 to 58%today.7 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Views within each party Among Republicans,age matters.Younger Republicans express much more support for renewable energy than do older Republicans.For instance,67%of Republicans ages 18 to 29 say the c

22、ountry should give priority to wind,solar and hydrogen development.The oldest Republicans(ages 65 and older)take the opposite view:76%give priority to developing oil,coal and natural gas.By and large,Democrats are more united in their views on energy.Democrats across age groups broadly support steps

23、 that would lower carbon emissions and prioritize renewable sources.But differences emerge over the degree with which to break from fossil fuels:45%of Democrats say the country should phase out the use of oil,coal and natural gas completely,compared with 53%who say that fossil fuels should remain pa

24、rt of the mix along with renewable sources.Differences within the two major parties are explored in more detail here.Young Republicans give priority to developing renewable energy over fossil fuels in the U.S.%who say the more important priority for addressing Americas energy supply should be Note:R

25、espondents who did not give an answer are not shown.This combines responses from two questions with similar wording.Each question was asked of a random half of respondents.For more information,refer to the Topline.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted May 13-19,2024.“How Americans View National,Loca

26、l and Personal Energy Choices”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 3561123256687664388767443122U.S.adultsRep/lean RepDem/lean DemAges 18-2930-4950-6465+Expanding exploration and production of oil,coal and natural gasExpanding wind,solar and hydrogen productionAmong Rep/lean Rep8 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.o

27、rg Views on increasing electric vehicles in the U.S.Amid a major policy push at the federal level for electric vehicles,Americans are unenthusiastic about steps that would phase out gas-powered vehicles.In March of this year,the Biden administration announced a rule aimed at dramatically expanding E

28、V sales.Overall,58%of Americans say they oppose these rules that would make EVs at least half of all new cars and trucks sold in the U.S.by 2032.Republicans overwhelmingly oppose this policy(83%).Among Democrats,64%support these rules to expand EV sales,while 35%say they oppose them.Americans bought

29、 EVs in record numbers last year,but the growth rate is slowing,and interest in EVs has declined.In the current survey,29%of Americans say they are very or somewhat likely to consider an electric vehicle the next time they purchase a car.Last year,38%expressed this level of interest in an EV purchas

30、e.Related:About 3 in 10 Americans would seriously consider buying an electric vehicle and the distribution of EV charging stations in the U.S.Declining share of Americans say they are likely to consider buying an electric vehicle%of U.S.adults who say that the next time they purchase a vehicle,they

31、are _ likely to seriously consider purchasing an electric vehicle Note:Respondents who did not give an answer are not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted May 13-19,2024.”How Americans View National,Local and Personal Energy Choices”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 58%of Americans oppose rules aimed at dr

32、amatically increasing electric vehicle sales in the U.S.%who say they _ rules that would make electric vehicles at least half of all new cars and trucks sold in the United States by 2032 Note:Respondents who did not give an answer are not shown Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted May 13-19,2024.”H

33、ow Americans View National,Local and Personal Energy Choices”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 5750454629384239131313142024202320222021Very/SomewhatNot too/Not at allDont plan to purchase a vehicle588335401664U.S.adultsRep/lean RepDem/lean DemFavorOppose9 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Americans views on

34、 limiting their own carbon footprint Discussions about reducing carbon emissions often include the everyday actions people can take to reduce the amount of energy they use.One-in-four Americans say it is extremely or very important to them personally to limit their own“carbon footprint.”Larger share

35、s say this is either somewhat(42%)or not too or not at all(32%)important to them.Even among Democrats who express broad support for renewable energy only 39%say reducing their own carbon footprint is extremely or very important to them personally.These findings align with a previous Center survey th

36、at shows a modest share of Americans(23%)expect to make major sacrifices in their own life because of climate change.Simply put,the shares of Americans who place the highest priority on limiting their own carbon emissions or expect to make big changes to the way they live because of climate change r

37、emain relatively small.Those who place a high priority on reducing their own carbon footprint or expect major direct impacts from climate change are far more likely than other Americans to back aggressive steps to reduce carbon emissions.For instance,70%of those who place high importance on reducing

38、 their own carbon footprint support rules to dramatically boost EV sales in the U.S.by 2032.Much smaller shares of those who say reducing their carbon footprint is somewhat(43%)or not too or not at all(14%)important support this policy.1 in 4 Americans say limiting their carbon footprint is extremel

39、y or very important to them%who say it is _ important to them,personally,to limit their carbon footprint(that is,the carbon emissions produced by everyday activities like electricity use,driving,travel and the things you buy)Note:Respondents who did not give an answer are not shown.Source:Survey of

40、U.S.adults conducted May 13-19,2024.”How Americans View National,Local and Personal Energy Choices”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 251139423546325314U.S.adultsRep/lean RepDem/lean DemExtremely/VerySomewhatNot too/Not at all10 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org 1.Views on energy development in the U.S.Asked

41、 about the state of Americas energy supply,64%say the more important priority for the country should be expanding production of wind,solar and hydrogen power.A smaller share(35%)takes the opposite view,giving greater priority to expanding the exploration and production of oil,coal and natural gas.St

42、ill,relatively few Americans think the country should break with fossil fuels entirely.About seven-in-ten(69%)say the country should use a mix of sources like wind and solar in addition to oil,coal and natural gas.By contrast,29%say the country should phase out oil,coal and natural gas completely an

43、d rely only on renewable energy sources.Views by party Among Republicans and Republican leaners,60%give priority to expanding production of oil,coal and natural gas.And 88%say fossil fuels should remain part of the countrys energy mix.By contrast,most Democrats and Democratic leaners(87%)give priori

44、ty to the production of wind,solar and hydrogen energy sources.But Democrats are more closely divided over the question of whether to break with fossil fuels altogether:53%support using a mix of energy sources that includes both renewables and fossil fuels,compared with 45%who support phasing out th

45、e use of oil,coal and natural gas entirely.64%of U.S.adults prioritize renewable energy over fossil fuels;only 29%want to cut fossil fuels entirely%of U.S.adults who say the more important priority for addressing Americas energy supply should be%of U.S.adults who say,thinking about the countrys ener

46、gy supply,the U.S.should Note:Respondents who did not give an answer are not shown.The top chart combines responses from two questions with similar wording.Each question was asked of a random half of respondents.For more information,refer to the Topline.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted May 13-1

47、9,2024.“How Americans View National,Local and Personal Energy Choices”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 6435Expanding wind,solar and hydrogen productionExpanding production of oil,coal and natural gas2969Phase out fossil fuels completely,rely only on renewablesUse a mix of fossil fuel and renewable energy sources

48、11 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Over the last several years,Democrats have been consistent in their broad support for prioritizing renewable energy sources like wind and solar.At least 87%have prioritized renewable energy sources in each survey dating back to 2019.By contrast,there was a

49、major shift toward fossil fuels among Republicans following the 2020 election,with continued movement in this direction in the last several years.Since 2020,the share of Republicans who say they prioritize developing renewable energy over expanding fossil fuels is down 27 percentage points,from 65%t

50、o 38%.There has been a corresponding 26-point increase in the share of Republicans who give priority to developing oil,coal and natural gas(from 35%to 61%).Declining Republican support for developing renewable energy%who say the more important priority for addressing Americas energy supply should be

51、 Note:Respondents who did not give an answer are not shown.Data for May 2024 combines responses from two questions with similar wording.Each question was asked of a random half of respondents.For more information,refer to the Topline.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted May 13-19,2024.”How American

52、s View National,Local and Personal Energy Choices”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 12 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Asked to consider a range of energy sources individually,majorities of Americans say they support more solar panel farms(78%)and more wind power farms(72%).A smaller majority(56%)also sup

53、ports more nuclear power plants to generate electricity.By contrast,there is less support for specific forms of fossil fuel development.Fewer than half support more offshore oil and gas drilling(48%),more hydraulic fracturing sometimes called“fracking”for oil and gas(44%)or more coal mining(39%).Whi

54、le still broadly popular with the public,support for more solar and wind power has fallen in recent years due to major declines among Republicans.There is greater support for nuclear power today than in 2020,with both Republicans and Democrats expressing more positive views.Support for more offshore

55、 drilling,hydraulic fracturing and coal mining is somewhat higher today than in 2020 due to significant increases in support among Republicans.For example,68%of Republicans now support more hydraulic fracturing,up from 56%in 2020.Declining Republican support for wind,solar power%who favor more _ in

56、the country Note:Respondents who gave other responses or did not give an answer are not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted May 13-19,2024.”How Americans View National,Local and Personal Energy Choices”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 13 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Age differences among Repub

57、licans in energy attitudes Among Republicans,younger adults stand out for being much more supportive of renewable energy than their older counterparts.When asked whether developing renewable energy or fossil fuel sources should be the more important priority,two-thirds of Republicans ages 18 to 29 p

58、rioritize renewable energy production.By contrast,about three-quarters of Republicans ages 65 and older(76%)prioritize developing production from oil,coal and natural gas.Almost all Democrats,regardless of age,prioritize developing renewable energy sources such as wind and solar.Younger Republicans

59、far more likely than older Republicans to prioritize renewable energy%who say the more important priority for addressing Americas energy supply should be Note:Respondents who did not give an answer are not shown.This combines responses from two questions with similar wording.Each question was asked

60、of a random half of respondents.For more information,refer to the Topline.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted May 13-19,2024.”How Americans View National,Local and Personal Energy Choices”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 352031414561123256687613121211647867575438876744312287888788U.S.adultsAges 18-2930-4950-64

61、65+Rep/lean RepDem/lean DemAges 18-2930-4950-6465+Ages 18-2930-4950-6465+Expanding exploration and production of oil,coal and natural gasExpanding wind,solar and hydrogen productionAmong Rep/lean Rep Among Dem/lean Dem14 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org When it comes to specific energy source

62、s,younger Republicans are more likely to favor expanding wind and solar power while older Republicans are more likely to favor more offshore oil and gas drilling,hydraulic fracturing and coal mining.On wind and solar:Republicans ages 18 to 29 are 30 points more likely than Republicans ages 65 and ol

63、der to favor more wind power(75%vs.45%)and 26 points more likely to favor more solar power(80%vs.54%).On offshore oil and gas drilling:84%of Republicans ages 65 and older favor more offshore oil and gas drilling,compared with 52%of Republicans ages 18 to 29.Older Republicans are also more likely tha

64、n the youngest Republicans to support more hydraulic fracturing and coal mining.Large majorities of young Republicans support more wind and solar energy%of Republicans/Republican leaners who say they favor expanding each energy source in the country,by age Note:Respondents who gave other responses o

65、r did not give an answer are not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted May 13-19,2024.”How Americans View National,Local and Personal Energy Choices”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 525556618075847873725445050100Ages 18-2930-4950-6465+Offshore oil and gas drillingHydraulic fracturingCoal miningNuclear powe

66、rSolar panel farms262316499188Dem/lean DemWind turbine farms15 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org The current GOP age gaps in support for wind and solar energy are a result of shifts that have taken place over the last four years.Support has fallen sharply among older Republicans,while views am

67、ong those under 30 have changed only modestly.For example:Among Republicans ages 65 and older,support for more solar power has declined by 25 points since 2020 and support for more wind power has fallen by 24 points.Among Republicans ages 18 to 29,there have been single-digit declines in support for

68、 more solar and wind power over this timespan(down 7 points and 4 points,respectively).Growing age gap among Republicans in support for more wind and solar power in the U.S.%of Republicans/Republican leaners who say they favor expanding each energy source in the country Note:Respondents who gave oth

69、er responses or did not give an answer are not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted May 13-19,2024.”How Americans View National,Local and Personal Energy Choices”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 16 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org 2.Americans views on local wind and solar power development Amid a m

70、ajor increase in renewable energy development across the country,some projects are facing resistance from local residents.In addition,theres been a rise in the number of local regulations aimed at restricting or preventing renewable energy projects.The Pew Research Center survey explores how America

71、ns would feel about a wind or solar power development in their own community.On balance,more think wind or solar development would help rather than hurt their local economy.But large shares think it would make no difference or are not sure.Respondents were asked to consider the prospect of wind and

72、solar developments separately,but views on these two types of renewable energy development are very similar.When it comes to the installation of a solar panel farm in their community,33%think this would help their local economy while just 7%think it would hurt it.A majority of Americans dont see a c

73、lear positive or negative impact:30%say it would make no difference and an identical share say they are not sure.Views of the local economic impact of a wind turbine farm are similar:33%think it would help the local economy,compared with 9%who say this would hurt it.Another 27%say installing a wind

74、turbine farm would make no difference and 31%are not sure.One-third of U.S.adults say a nearby solar development would help their local economy%who say that if a solar panel farm to generate electricity was built near their community,it would Note:Respondents who did not give an answer are not shown

75、.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted May 13-19,2024“How Americans View National,Local and Personal Energy Choices”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 17 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Democrats are far more positive than Republicans about the local impact of solar and wind development,consistent with dif

76、ferences on renewable energy issues generally:Among Democrats and Democratic leaners,46%say installing a solar panel farm in their community would improve their local economy,compared with just 3%who say this would hurt it.Another 23%think it would make no difference.In contrast,only 21%of Republica

77、ns and GOP leaners think a local solar development would help their local economy.Still,few Republicans(10%)think this type of development would hurt the local economy.The most common view is that it would make no difference(39%).Younger adults are more likely than older adults to say that wind and

78、solar developments in their community would help the local economy.For instance:45%of U.S.adults under 30 think installing a solar panel farm in their community would help the local economy.Just 24%of those ages 65 and older say the same.Both Democrats and Republicans ages 18 to 29 are more likely t

79、han their older counterparts to say that wind and solar installments would have a positive effect on their local economy.18 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org The survey also asked Americans to consider the local impact of wind and solar developments on things like the beauty of the landscape a

80、nd utility bills.Overall,the public expresses fairly mixed sentiment across the examples asked about.For instance,45%of U.S.adults say that the installation of a solar panel farm in their area would definitely or probably make the landscape unattractive.Almost as many(42%)say it would not do this.Fo

81、ur-in-ten say a solar panel farm would take up too much space,while 43%say it would not.On balance,more Americans think a local solar development would lower the price they pay for electricity than not(44%vs.37%).Views tilt positive on the impact on tax revenue though many say theyre not sure.Opinio

82、ns about the impact of wind power development follow the same general patterns as those for solar power.Democrats hold more positive views than Republicans on the impact of local wind and solar development on tax revenue and utility prices.Republicans are more likely than Democrats to expect that lo

83、cal wind and solar development will negatively impact the landscape and take up too much space.For more details on these differences,refer to the Appendix.Americans have mixed views on how wind and solar power developments would impact their community Note:Respondents who did not give an answer are

84、not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted May 13-19,2024.“How Americans View National,Local and Personal Energy Choices”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 19 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Rural Americans views of local renewable energy development For the U.S.to meet its goal of being carbon neutra

85、l by 2050,the country will have to vastly increase its solar and wind power developments,requiring millions of acres of land.Many of these wind and solar developments are expected to be in rural areas,where land is more available and cheaper.Funding for renewable energy projects is already flowing i

86、nto rural parts of the country.For example,the Biden administration in 2023 announced$11 billion of funding for renewable energy projects in rural communities.At the same time,many of the protests against wind and solar developments have happened in rural areas.The survey finds that rural Americans

87、have less positive views of wind and solar developments than Americans who live in urban or suburban areas.Rural Americans are less likely to say wind and solar developments would help their local economy.About a quarter of rural residents(26%)say a local solar development would help their local eco

88、nomy,compared with 33%of suburban residents and 40%of urban residents.About half of rural Americans say installing a solar panel farm would make the landscape unattractive%of U.S.adults who say that if a solar panel farm to generate electricity was built near their community,it would _,by community

89、type Note:Respondents who gave other answers or who did not give an answer are not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted May 13-19,2024.“How Americans View National,Local and Personal Energy Choices”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 20 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Rural residents are more likely

90、to expect negative outcomes from local wind and solar development:About half say that a solar panel farm in their community would make the landscape ugly.By contrast,37%of urban Americans say this.Rural Americans are less likely to expect positive consequences from renewable energy development.For e

91、xample,35%of rural residents say a local solar panel farm would lower the price they pay for electricity,compared with 51%of urban residents.Rural Americans are more likely to lean toward or identify with the Republican Party than Americans who live in suburban or urban areas.Still,there are some di

92、fferences in views among Republicans,with rural Republicans tending to be more critical of renewable energy developments than Republicans living in urban areas.21 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org 3.Americans perceptions of solar power in their own lives Large-scale solar power generates about

93、 4%of all electricity in the U.S.Capacity has almost doubled in the last year.Smaller-scale installations including solar panels on things like homes and public buildings have also seen sharp growth.The new Center survey asked Americans how common three different types of solar panel developments ar

94、e in their community:small-scale solar development on homes,somewhat larger solar developments on buildings and in parking lots,and large-scale solar panel farms.Americans report that home solar is the most common of these three types in their community.18%of Americans say solar panels are extremely

95、 or very common on a persons home in their community.An additional 31%say solar panels are somewhat common.13%say solar panels are extremely or very common on buildings or in parking lots in their community;26%say this is somewhat common.8%say large solar panel farms are extremely or very common in

96、their community and 18%say they are somewhat common.A majority(64%)say large-scale solar developments are not too or not at all common.There are only modest differences in perceptions of solar panel development between Republicans and Democrats.Most Americans say that large-scale solar isnt too comm

97、on in their community%of U.S.adults who say each of the following are _ common in their community Note:Respondents who did not give an answer are not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted May 13-19,2024.“How Americans View National,Local and Personal Energy Choices”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 18138312

98、6184653645811Extremely/VerySomewhatNot too/Not at allefeSolar panels on a persons homeLarge solar panel farmsSolar panels on a building/in parking lotNot sure22 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org In a 2023 Pew Research Center survey,7%of homeowners said they have installed solar panels on their

99、 home;an additional 28%said they were seriously considering it.23 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Westerners are most likely to report that home solar panels are common in their community.About one-third of Westerners say solar panels installed on a home are extremely or very common in their

100、 community.In contrast,just 6%of Midwesterners say home solar panels are extremely or very common in their community.A majority(64%)say they are not too or not at all common.The perception of solar development in the U.S.is consistent with geographic data on solar panel installation.According to the

101、 U.S.Energy Information Administrations Residential Energy Consumption Survey,the West leads the country in small-scale solar installments,followed by the Northeast,the South and the Midwest.The regional differences are more modest when it comes to perceptions of large-scale solar development.Wester

102、ners are most likely to say home solar panels are common in their community%of U.S.adults who say solar panels installed on a persons home are _ common in their community,by region%of U.S.adults who say solar panels installed on a building or in a parking lot are _ common in their community,by regio

103、n%of U.S.adults who say large solar panel farms are _ common in their community,by region Note:Respondents who did not give an answer are not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted May 13-19,2024“How Americans View National,Local and Personal Energy Choices”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 17615343225293845

104、6450245464NortheastMidwestSouthWestNot too/Not at allSomewhatExtremely/VeryNot sure11692729242233526459348696NortheastMidwestSouthWestNot too/Not at allSomewhatExtremely/VeryNot sure8571119171619636964571091212NortheastMidwestSouthWestNot too/Not at allSomewhatExtremely/VeryNot sure24 PEW RESEARCH C

105、ENTER www.pewresearch.org Acknowledgments This report is made possible by The Pew Charitable Trusts.It is a collaborative effort based on the input and analysis of the following individuals.Find related reports online at:pewresearch.org/science.Primary research team Eileen Yam,Director,Science and S

106、ociety Research Alec Tyson,Associate Director,Science and Society Research Brian Kennedy,Senior Researcher Giancarlo Pasquini,Research Associate Emma Kikuchi,Research Assistant Isabelle Pula,Research Assistant Editorial and graphic design Rebecca Leppert,Copy Editor Kaitlyn Radde,Associate Informati

107、on Graphics Designer Communications and web publishing Haley Nolan,Communications Manager Talia Price,Communications Associate Reem Nadeem,Digital Producer In addition,the project benefited greatly from the guidance of the Pew Research Center methodology team:Courtney Kennedy,Andrew Mercer,Ashley Am

108、aya,Dorene Asare-Marfo,Dana Popky,Anna Brown and Arnold Lau.25 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Methodology Overview The American Trends Panel(ATP),created by Pew Research Center,is a nationally representative panel of randomly selected U.S.adults.Panelists participate via self-administered w

109、eb surveys.Panelists who do not have internet access at home are provided with a tablet and wireless internet connection.Interviews are conducted in both English and Spanish.The panel is being managed by Ipsos.Data in this report is drawn from ATP Wave 148,conducted from May 13 to 19,2024,and includ

110、es an oversample of non-Hispanic Asian adults,non-Hispanic Black adults,Hispanic adults,adults ages 18 to 29,and panelists who are using a Center-provided tablet,in order to provide more precise estimates of the opinions and experiences of these smaller demographic subgroups.These oversampled groups

111、 are weighted back to reflect their correct proportions in the population.A total of 8,638 panelists responded out of 9,567 who were sampled,for a response rate of 90%.The cumulative response rate accounting for nonresponse to the recruitment surveys and attrition is 3%.The break-off rate among pane

112、lists who logged on to the survey and completed at least one item is 1%.The margin of sampling error for the full sample of 8,638 respondents is plus or minus 1.5 percentage points.Panel recruitment The ATP was created in 2014,with the first cohort of panelists invited to join the panel at the end o

113、f a large,national,landline and cellphone random-digit-dial survey that was conducted in both English and Spanish.Two additional recruitments were conducted using the same method in 2015 and 2017,respectively.Across these three surveys,a total of 19,718 adults were invited to join the ATP,of whom 9,

114、942(50%)agreed to participate.In August 2018,the ATP switched from telephone to address-based sampling(ABS)recruitment.A study cover letter and a pre-incentive are mailed to a stratified,random sample of households selected from the U.S.Postal Services Delivery Sequence File.This Postal Service file

115、 has been estimated to cover as much as 98%of the population,although some studies suggest that the coverage could be in the low 90%range.1 Within each sampled household,the adult with the next 1 AAPOR Task Force on Address-based Sampling.2016.“AAPOR Report:Address-based Sampling.”26 PEW RESEARCH CE

116、NTER www.pewresearch.org birthday is asked to participate.Other details of the ABS recruitment protocol have changed over time but are available upon request.2 We have recruited a national sample of U.S.adults to the ATP approximately once per year since 2014.In some years,the recruitment has includ

117、ed additional efforts(known as an“oversample”)to boost sample size with underrepresented groups.For example,Hispanic,Black and Asian adults were oversampled in 2019,2022 and 2023,respectively.Across the six address-based recruitments,a total of 23,862 adults were invited to join the ATP,of whom 20,9

118、17 agreed to join the panel and completed an initial profile survey.Of the 30,859 individuals who have ever joined the ATP,11,897 remained active panelists and continued to receive survey invitations at the time this survey was conducted.The American Trends Panel never uses breakout routers or chain

119、s that direct respondents to additional surveys.Sample design The overall target population for this survey was noninstitutionalized persons ages 18 and older living in the U.S.,including Alaska and Hawaii.It featured a stratified random sample from the ATP in which Hispanic men,non-Hispanic Black m

120、en,non-Hispanic Asian adults,adults ages 18 to 29,and panelists who are using a Center-provided tablet were selected with certainty.The remaining panelists were sampled at rates designed to ensure that the share of respondents in each stratum is proportional to its share of the U.S.adult population

121、to the greatest extent 2 Email pewsurveyspewresearch.org.American Trends Panel recruitment surveys Recruitment dates Mode Invited Joined Active panelists remaining Jan.23 to March 16,2014 Landline/cell RDD 9,809 5,338 1,389 Aug.27 to Oct.4,2015 Landline/cell RDD 6,004 2,976 831 April 25 to June 4,20

122、17 Landline/cell RDD 3,905 1,628 404 Aug.8 to Oct.31,2018 ABS 9,396 8,778 3,839 Aug.19 to Nov.30,2019 ABS 5,900 4,720 1,385 June 1 to July 19,2020;Feb.10 to March 31,2021 ABS 3,197 2,812 1,438 May 29 to July 7,2021;Sept.16 to Nov.1,2021 ABS 1,329 1,162 731 May 24 to Sept.29,2022 ABS 3,354 2,869 1,44

123、8 April 17 to May 30,2023 ABS 686 576 432 Total 43,580 30,859 11,897 Note:RDD is random-digit dial;ABS is address-based sampling.Approximately once per year,panelists who have not participated in multiple consecutive waves or who did not complete an annual profiling survey are removed from the panel

124、.Panelists also become inactive if they ask to be removed from the panel.PEW RESEARCH CENTER 27 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org possible.Respondent weights are adjusted to account for differential probabilities of selection as described in the Weighting section below.Questionnaire developmen

125、t and testing The questionnaire was developed by Pew Research Center in consultation with Ipsos.The web program was rigorously tested on both PC and mobile devices by the Ipsos project management team and Pew Research Center researchers.The Ipsos project management team also populated test data that

126、 was analyzed in SPSS to ensure the logic and randomizations were working as intended before launching the survey.Incentives All respondents were offered a post-paid incentive for their participation.Respondents could choose to receive the post-paid incentive in the form of a check or a gift code to

127、 A or could choose to decline the incentive.Incentive amounts ranged from$5 to$20 depending on whether the respondent belongs to a part of the population that is harder or easier to reach.Differential incentive amounts were designed to increase panel survey participation among groups that traditiona

128、lly have low survey response propensities.Data collection protocol The data collection field period for this survey was May 13 to 19,2024.Postcard notifications were mailed to a subset of ATP panelists with a known residential address on May 13.3 Invitations were sent out in two separate launches:so

129、ft launch and full launch.Seventy panelists were included in the soft launch,which began with an initial invitation sent on May 13.The ATP panelists chosen for the initial soft launch comprised of 60 known responders who had completed previous ATP surveys within one day of receiving their invitation

130、 and a random sample of 10 panelists who are using a Center-provided tablet.All remaining English-and Spanish-speaking sampled panelists were included in the full launch and were sent an invitation on May 14.All panelists with an email address received an email invitation and up to two email reminde

131、rs if they did not respond to the survey.All ATP panelists who consented to SMS messages received an SMS invitation and up to two SMS reminders.3 Postcard notifications are sent to 1)panelists who have been provided with a tablet to take ATP surveys,2)panelists who were recruited within the last two

132、 years,and 3)panelists recruited prior to the last two years who opt to continue receiving postcard notifications.28 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Data quality checks To ensure high-quality data,the Centers researchers performed data quality checks to identify any respondents showing clear

133、 patterns of satisficing.This includes checking for whether respondents left questions blank at very high rates or always selected the first or last answer presented.As a result of this checking,seven ATP respondents were removed from the survey dataset prior to weighting and analysis.Weighting The

134、ATP data is weighted in a multistep process that accounts for multiple stages of sampling and nonresponse that occur at different points in the survey process.First,each panelist begins with a base weight that reflects their probability of selection for their initial recruitment survey.These weights

135、 are then rescaled and adjusted to account for changes in the design of ATP recruitment surveys from year to year.Finally,the weights are calibrated to align with the population benchmarks in the accompanying table to correct for nonresponse to recruitment surveys and panel attrition.If only a subsa

136、mple of panelists was invited to participate in the wave,this weight is adjusted to account for any differential probabilities of selection.Invitation and reminder dates,ATP Wave 148 Soft launch Full launch Initial invitation May 13,2024 May 14,2024 First reminder May 16,2024 May 16,2024 Final remin

137、der May 18,2024 May 18,2024 PEW RESEARCH CENTER American Trends Panel weighting dimensions Variable Benchmark source Age(detailed)Age x Gender Education x Gender Education x Age Race/Ethnicity x Education Black(alone or in combination)x Hispanic Born inside vs.outside the U.S.among Hispanics and Asi

138、an Americans Years lived in the U.S.Census region x Metropolitan status 2022 American Community Survey(ACS)Volunteerism 2021 CPS Volunteering&Civic Life Supplement Party affiliation x Voter registration 2022 CPS Voting and Registration Supplement Party affiliation x Race/Ethnicity Frequency of inter

139、net use Religious affiliation 2023 National Public Opinion Reference Survey(NPORS)Note:Estimates from the ACS are based on noninstitutionalized adults.Voter registration is calculated using procedures from Hur,Achen(2013)and rescaled to include the total U.S.adult population.PEW RESEARCH CENTER 29 P

140、EW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Among the panelists who completed the survey,this weight is then calibrated again to align with the population benchmarks identified in the accompanying table and trimmed at the 2nd and 98th percentiles to reduce the loss in precision stemming from variance in

141、the weights.This trimming is performed separately among non-Hispanic Black,non-Hispanic Asian,Hispanic,and all other respondents.Sampling errors and tests of statistical significance take into account the effect of weighting.30 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org The following table shows the un

142、weighted sample sizes and the error attributable to sampling that would be expected at the 95%level of confidence for different groups in the survey.Sample sizes and sampling errors for other subgroups are available upon request.In addition to sampling error,one should bear in mind that question wor

143、ding and practical difficulties in conducting surveys can introduce error or bias into the findings of opinion polls.Sample sizes and margins of error,ATP Wave 148 Group Unweighted sample size Plus or minus Total sample 8,638 1.5 percentage points Form 1 4,315 2.2 percentage points Form 2 4,323 2.2

144、percentage points Ages 18-29 766 4.7 percentage points 30-49 2,907 2.6 percentage points 50-64 2,551 2.7 percentage points 65+2,395 2.5 percentage points Rep/lean Rep 3,722 2.2 percentage points Dem/lean Dem 4,614 2.1 percentage points Urban 2,228 3.3 percentage points Suburban 4,414 2.1 percentage

145、points Rural 1,958 3.0 percentage points Northeast 1,418 3.7 percentage points Midwest 1,750 3.2 percentage points South 3,538 2.5 percentage points West 1,929 3.2 percentage points Note:This survey includes oversamples of non-Hispanic Asian adults,non-Hispanic Black adults,Hispanic adults,adults ag

146、es 18-29,and panelists who are using a Center-provided tablet.Unweighted sample sizes do not account for the sample design or weighting and do not describe a groups contribution to weighted estimates.Refer to the Sample design and Weighting sections above for details.PEW RESEARCH CENTER 31 PEW RESEA

147、RCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Dispositions and response rates Final dispositions,ATP Wave 148 AAPOR code Total Completed interview 1.1 8,638 Logged on to survey;broke off 2.12 115 Logged on to survey;did not complete any items 2.1121 41 Never logged on(implicit refusal)2.11 765 Survey completed aft

148、er close of the field period 2.27 1 Completed interview but was removed for data quality 7 Screened out 0 Total panelists sampled for the survey 9,567 Completed interviews I 8,638 Partial interviews P 0 Refusals R 921 Non-contact NC 1 Other O 7 Unknown household UH 0 Unknown other UO 0 Not eligible

149、NE 0 Total 9,567 AAPOR RR1=I/(I+P+R+NC+O+UH+UO)90%PEW RESEARCH CENTER Pew Research Center 2024 Cumulative response rate as of ATP Wave 148 Total Weighted response rate to recruitment surveys 11%of recruitment survey respondents who agreed to join the panel,among those invited 71%of those agreeing to

150、 join who were active panelists at start of Wave 148 45%Response rate to Wave 148 survey 90%Cumulative response rate 3%PEW RESEARCH CENTER 32 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Appendix:Detailed charts and tables Majority of Americans favor the U.S.taking steps toward becoming carbon neutral by

151、 2050%who say they _ the Biden administrations goal of the U.S.taking steps toward becoming carbon neutral by 2050 Note:Respondents who did not give an answer are not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted May 13-19,2024.”How Americans View National,Local and Personal Energy Choices”PEW RESEARC

152、H CENTER 34286153109636937448890202420222024202220242022FavorOpposeU.S.adultsRep/lean RepDem/lean Dem33 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Share of older Republicans who say the U.S.should prioritize expanding production of fossil fuels has grown since 2020%of Republicans/Republican leaners who

153、 say the more important priority for addressing Americas energy supply should be Note:Respondents who did not give an answer are not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted May 13-19,2024.”How Americans View National,Local and Personal Energy Choices”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 533024 24 2422456974 75 7

154、5 7665+May 24May20May22Jun23Jan22Apr2159413533 3431405864 65 656850-64May 24May20May22Jun23Jan22Apr2172575250 514427424749 485630-49May 24May20May22Jun23Jan22Apr217864716467 672134273633 32Developing wind,solar and hydrogren productionExpanding exploration and productionof oil,coal and natural gasAg

155、es 18-29May 24May20May22Jun23Jan22Apr2134 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org 29%of Americans support phasing out fossil fuel energy sources altogether%who say,thinking about the countrys energy supply,the U.S.should Note:Respondents who did not give an answer are not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.

156、adults conducted May 13-19,2024.”How Americans View National,Local and Personal Energy Choices”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 6954677579885375869295435358612945312318104524138356464136U.S.adultsAges 18-2930-4950-6465+Rep/lean RepDem/lean DemAges 18-2930-4950-6465+Ages 18-2930-4950-6465+Use a mix of fossil fuel

157、 and renewable energy sourcesPhase out the use of fossil fuels completelyAmong Rep/lean RepAmong Dem/lean Dem35 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Republicans and Democrats differ over how wind and solar development would impact their community Note:Respondents who gave other responses or did n

158、ot give an answer are not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted May 13-19,2024.”How Americans View National,Local and Personal Energy Choices”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 36 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Americans ratings of the personal importance of limiting their own carbon footprint%who s

159、ay it is _ important to them,personally,to limit their carbon footprint(that is,the carbon emissions produced by everyday activities like electricity use,driving,travel and the things you buy)Note:Respondents who did not give an answer are not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted May 13-19,20

160、24.”How Americans View National,Local and Personal Energy Choices”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 252523262711391111121033344249424744364035464535303749504341322632373253144453575318151410U.S.adultsAges 18-2930-4950-6465+Rep/lean RepDem/lean DemAges 18-2930-4950-6465+Ages 18-2930-4950-6465+Extremely/VerySomewha

161、tNot too/Not at allAmong Rep/lean Rep Among Dem/lean Dem37 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org 33%of U.S.adults believe installing wind power farms would help their local economy%who say that if a wind power farm to generate electricity was built near their community,it would Note:Respondents who did not give an answer are not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted May 13-19,2024“How Americans View National,Local and Personal Energy Choices”PEW RESEARCH CENTER