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1、JANUARY 2025THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF KBR IN THE UK2The economic impact of KBR in the UK3The economic impact of KBR in the UKTABLE OF CONTENTSExecutive summary 41.Introduction 81.1 KBR in the UK 91.2 How KBR supports the UK economy 101.3 Structure of the report 112.KBRs direct impact in the UK 142.1 KB

2、Rs joint ventures 142.2 Direct GDP contribution 142.3 Direct employment contribution 143.KBRs wider impact in the UK 203.1 Indirect impact 203.2 Induced Impact 213.3 Total economic impact 23AppendixMethodology 264The economic impact of KBR in the UKKBR delivers science,technology,and engineering sol

3、utions to governments and companies around the world.In the UK,KBR plays a role in supporting the countrys sustainability and security ambitions through its direct activities,as well as the activity it enables through its ownership share of several joint ventures(JVs).This study,commissioned by KBR,

4、assesses the impact KBR had on the UK economy in 2023 through its own business,as well as its ownership share of several JVs(hereafter referred to as KBR).We assess this through KBRs contribution to UK gross domestic product(GDP),employment,and tax revenues.We also explore KBRs innovative plastic re

5、cycling partnership with Mura Technology,and its work to deliver upgrades to and operate accommodation for almost 19,000 military and civilian personnel across Salisbury Plain and Aldershot.In 2023,KBR is estimated to have supported a 913 million total contribution to UK GDP.This is the sum of three

6、 channels of impact.Some 358 million was generated directly by KBR.A further 246 million contribution to GDP was supported by its procurement spending and the activity this triggered in its supply chainits indirect impact.Finally,the payment of wages by KBR and the firms in its supply chain,supporte

7、d a further 308 million contribution to GDPits induced impact.1As the total GDP impact across the UK economy is 2.5 times the direct impact alone,KBR can be said to have had a“GDP multiplier”of 2.5.In other words,for every 1 million contribution to GDP generated by KBR in 2023,it supported a further

8、 1.5 million across the UK economy through its expenditure.This economic contribution is estimated to have supported more than 12,800 jobs across the UK economy in 2023.KBR directly employed over 4,000 people.A further 4,900 jobs were supported along the UK supply chain by its procurement spend,whil

9、st some 3,900 jobs were sustained through wage-induced spending.1 The direct,indirect,and induced channels are all separate channels of impact.Figures do not sum due to rounding.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY913 millionTotal GDP contribution of KBR.12,800 jobsTotal employment supported by KBR.5The economic impac

10、t of KBR in the UKOver one-quarter of the jobs supported(or 1,370 jobs)by KBRs supply-chain spending were in the professional services sector.In this case,the employment multiplier was 3.2.This means that for every 100 people directly employed by KBR,an additional 220 jobs were supported in other pa

11、rts of the UK economy.The employment multiplier is higher than the GDP multiplier,as KBRs employees are highly productive.On average,KBRs workforce generated an estimated economic value of almost 88,000 per worker.This was around 21%greater than the productivity of the average worker in the UK econo

12、my.KBR also supports the early career development of its workers.In 2023,KBR employed 200 graduates and 47 apprentices,accounting for 7%of its UK workforce.Graduates and apprentices are given training and mentoring,as well as the opportunity to complete qualifications.This supports the UKs long-term

13、 competitiveness by upskilling its workforce.KBR supported a total tax contribution to the UK Exchequer of over 366 million in 2023 through all channels of impact.For context,this was the equivalent to the salaries of approximately 8,700 full time teachers and other education professionals.Of this t

14、otal,212 million(or almost 60%)was contributed directly by KBR,primarily through VAT payments and labour taxes.7%Share of KBRs direct workforce in early careers development programmes.THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF KBR IN THE UKSupporting UK prosperity with a skilled and productive workforce366 million in t

15、ax revenues,Enough to fund the salaries of 8,700 teachers.Almost 60%of this was realised by KBR alone.358m4,035246m4,900308m3,900913millioncontributed to the UK economy by KBR in 2023.2.5GDP multiplierFor every 1 million GDP directly generated,an additional 1.5 million was supported elsewhere in the

16、 UK economy.3.2employment multiplierFor every 100 people directly employed,an additional 220 jobs were supported in other parts of the UK economy.They also supported around 12,800jobs.DirectIndirectInduced7%of KBRs direct workforce were early careers personnel.Graduates:200Apprentices:47The higher e

17、mployment multiplier relative to the GDP multiplier reflects high productivity of staff,with gross value added per worker 21%higher than the UK average.7The economic impact of KBR in the UK8The economic impact of KBR in the UK1.INTRODUCTIONKBRs activity encompasses a range of market sectors includin

18、g energy transition and energy security,defence,national security,infrastructure,nuclear,cybersecurity,and space exploration.2 While KBRs global headquarters is in the United States in Houston,Texas,the company has operations all over the world,employing around 38,000 2 KBR,“What We Do”,accessed Jul

19、y 2024people across 34 countries.Its operations span across its two primary business units:Mission Technology Solutions(MTS)applies leading-edge technologies to innovate and modernise systems for national security,defence,science,health,and commercial entities.Sustainable Technology Solutions(STS)ap

20、plies process technologies,intellectual property,and large-scale delivery expertise in energy,industrials,chemical,infrastructure,and environmentsupporting both commercial businesses and national governments.Fig.1:KBR key global office locations9The economic impact of KBR in the UK1.1 KBR IN THE UK3

21、 UK Government,“Kings Speech 2024:background briefing notes”,accessed August 20244 Frazer-Nash Consultancy,“Frazer-Nash Consultancy extends support to UK Governments Net Zero Innovation Portfolio”,2023,accessed June 20245 KBR,“KBRs Team of Teams Supports the UK Nuclear Mission”,2023,accessed June 20

22、246 Crown Commercial Service,“Crown Representatives and strategic suppliers”,accessed June 20247 NTSP framework is the Nuclear Technical Support Provider framework which delivers ecialist nuclear technical services8 KBR for UK Parliament,“Written evidence submitted by KBR and Frazer-Nash Consultancy

23、”,2024,accessed June 20249 KBR for UK Parliament,“Written evidence submitted by KBR and Frazer-Nash Consultancy”,2024,accessed June 202410 Ministry of Defence,“Strategic Defence Review 2024-2025:Terms of Reference”,accessed August 202411 AUKUS is a trilateral security and defence partnership between

24、 Australia,the UK,and the US12 DSTL,“AUKUS takes another step forward with real-time AI trials”,accessed August 2024In the UK,a key priority for KBR is to support the countrys sustainability and security ambitions.For instance,KBR is pursuing the development of new energy technologies,systems,and pr

25、ocessesin line with the UKs net zero ambitions.KBR-owned Frazer-Nash Consultancy has been working with the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero(DESNZ)since 2021 to develop its programmes and assess and monitor the projects being delivered within the Net Zero Innovation portfolio.The UK Govern

26、ment recognises the urgency of the global climate challenge and has set a goal of becoming a clean energy superpower.3 Alongside 11 other organisations,Frazer-Nash will continue to provide services to the UK Government and support its goal to power the UK with entirely clean electricity by 2035 and

27、have net zero carbon emissions by 2050.4 KBR has a strong history of delivering complex energy projects,which are being achieved with an ever-increasing focus on decarbonisation and sustainability.Since 2017,KBR has been studying and engineering clean hydrogen production facilities,a critical driver

28、 of the energy transition.In the UK,the team recently delivered early project planning of a 1 GW hydrogen facility for Essar and partners at the Stanlow refinery,near Liverpool.Further to this,KBR has over 50%market share of the worlds clean ammonia solutions,one of the most scaleable pathways to de

29、carbonisation.Additionally,KBR has supported the UK Nuclear Mission through its work at Sellafield,one of theworlds largest nuclear decommissioning sites.Of the 1,500 people working at the site,350 are KBR employees,supporting important work to safely process nuclear waste and decommission the site.

30、5 KBRs nuclear workforce in the UK has grown rapidly in recent years,from 182 people in 2020 to over 1,000 in 2023.KBR also contributes to the defence and national security of the UK and its allies.The company is one of 40 Strategic Suppliers to the UK Government,mainly for its involvement in UK def

31、ence.6 It supports the naval sector through its KBS Maritime Joint Venture with BAE Systems and wider naval infrastructure delivering through the Defence Infrastructure Organisation(DIO)NTSP framework.7 It also supports the British Army with Heavy Equipment Transporters(HET)and sponsored reserves th

32、rough its subsidiary FTX logistics,providing training aircraft through Affinity,and the management of facilitiesproviding accommodation for 30%of the British Armythrough Aspire.8Finally,the company has been using its expertise and capability in AI to support the UK Ministry of Defence(MOD)and the De

33、fence Science and Technology Laboratory(Dstl).9 Frazer-Nash Consultancy has advanced the use of AI and Autonomy in intelligence,surveillance,and reconnaissance,ensuring the UK maintains its strategic position and operational advantage.This is particularly important for UK defence,with“modernisation

34、and transformationthrough the rapid and consistent application of Digital Age technologies”being a key theme of the UK Governments Strategic Defence Review.10 Frazer-Nash Consultancy was part of a series of AUKUS AI and autonomy trials held by Dstl in 2023 and 2024,where significant improvements in

35、the application and viability of Resilient and Autonomous Artificial Intelligence Technologies(RAAIT)were demonstrated.11,1210The economic impact of KBR in the UK1.2 HOW KBR SUPPORTS THE UK ECONOMYTo support its operations,KBR and its partners purchase millions of pounds of goods and services from s

36、uppliers across the UK.These suppliers in turn procure their own inputs from other UK businesses.In this way,on top of its direct economic contribution,KBR indirectly supports further economic activity in the UK through its supply chain.Still more economic activity is supported when employees of KBR

37、,and of its suppliers,spend their wages in consumer-facing sectors.We carry this out using a standard means of analysis called an economic impact assessment.Three“channels of impact”are captured by the assessmentthe direct channel,the supply chain or“indirect”channel,and the wage-spending“induced”ch

38、annel.This is summarised in Fig.2 below:The total economic impactor core economic“footprint”as it is also knownis the sum of these three impacts.This is measured by three metrics:the gross value-added contribution to GDP(hereafter the“GDP contribution”);the employment supported;and the tax revenues

39、generated.Finally,KBRs contribution to the UK extends beyond this economic footprint.We include two case studies,selected by KBR,to highlight the wider impact the company has across the country.Fig.2:Channels of impact assessed for KBRs core economic footprintDIRECTIMPACTINDIRECTIMPACTINDUCEDIMPACTT

40、OTALIMPACTKBR and its JVs employ staff,pay wages and taxes,and generate profit.They also spend money with suppliers,who in turn employ staff,generate profits,and make supply chain purchases.Employees spend their wages in the wider economy,generating more GDP,jobs,and tax revenuesAdded together,these

41、 three effectsdirect,indirect,inducedcomprise the total economic impact ofKBR.11The economic impact of KBR in the UK1.3 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORTThe remainder of this report is structured as follows:Chapter 2 describes KBRs direct impact on the national economy.Chapter 3 assesses the total economic fo

42、otprint of KBR on the UK economy,taking the indirect and induced channels into account.The Appendix provides a description of the methodology.CASE STUDYMURAThis case study is based on material provided by KBR Mura Technologys Hydro-PRT is an advanced plastic recycling technology which uses supercrit

43、ical watera highly compressed fluid that combines the properties of gases and liquidsto convert mixed,contaminated and end of life waste plastics into industry-ready,circular hydrocarbon products.KBR is Muras global licensing and engineering partner.With Mura,KBR has a target of reaching 1.5 million

44、 tonnes of recycling capacity annually by 2032.KBR offers a completely modularised Hydro-PRT solution.According to KBR this reduces costs,time,and risk while maximising capital and overall fabrication quality.In addition to the Hydro-PRT conversion unit,KBR offers both upstream and downstream soluti

45、onsincluding feedstock preparation and circular hydrocarbon upgrading technologies.To date,KBR has invested over$100 million in Mura Technology to accelerate the development of plastic recycling projects.In 2023,Mura opened its Wilton plant in Teesside,UK,as the worlds first commercial scale Hydro-P

46、RT advanced plastic recycling site.This showcases the companys ability to build such facilities atscale.Asia represents 48%of global plastic production,and KBR and Mura have been able to establish their footprint there through licensing agreements with Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation in Japan and LG

47、 Chemical in South Korea.These facilities will each process over 20,000 tonnes of waste plastic annually,preventing this plastic from entering landfills,being incinerated,or leaking into the environment.Overall,Hydro-PRT aims to support a circular economy for plastic with the objective of helping co

48、mbat plastic pollution and is a crucial milestone in KBRs commitment to sustainability.12The economic impact of KBR in the UK13The economic impact of KBR in the UK14The economic impact of KBR in the UK2.KBRS DIRECT IMPACT IN THE UKThe day-to-day activities of KBR lie at the centre of its contributio

49、n to the UK economy.These exert a direct footprint on the UK economy through the wage payments it supports,the profits it generates,the employment it sustains,and the taxes it pays.In this chapter we assess the direct contribution of KBR and its joint ventures to the UK economy in 2023.2.1 KBRS JOIN

50、T VENTURESKBR has several joint ventures(JVs)with defence companies across the UK,which provide their own specialised services.These JVs include:Affinityin partnership with Elbit Systems,supports UK military air capability by supplying and operating training aircraft as part of the UK Military Flyin

51、g Training System(UKMFTS)with the MOD;Aspiredelivers and manages army accommodation in the Aldershot and Salisbury Plain area;Fasttraxoperates the British Armys Heavy Equipment Transportation(HET)Service to rapidly move heavy armour;and KBS Maritimein partnership with BAE Systems,delivers ship asset

52、 management,repair,and maintenance for theRoyal NavysPortsmouth flotilla as well as infrastructure,asset management,and general services for the naval base.2.2 DIRECT GDP CONTRIBUTIONWe estimate that in 2023,the direct contribution of KBR to UK GDP was 358 million.This figure is calculated by summin

53、g KBR and its JVs employment costs,profits,and business taxes(the“income approach”to measuring GDP).The economic value is created as a result of KBR and its JVs science,technology,engineering,and logistic support solutions for the UK government and theprivate sector.The direct tax impact of KBR is a

54、lso estimated to have been 212 million in 2023.This was predominantly comprised of VAT payments and labour taxes.2.3 DIRECT EMPLOYMENT CONTRIBUTIONKBR has a significant presence in the UKemploying 4,035 people in 2023.Of this,3,787 workers were directly employed by KBR itself,spread across its 21 si

55、tes around the country,while an additional 248 workers were employed by its JVs.KBRs major sites include:KBRs UK headquarters in Leatherhead,Surrey,with 1,033 employeesor 27%of its total employees;Specialist naval defence facility in Plymouth,with 54workers providing support to the Defence Nuclear E

56、nterprise;Frazer-Nashs largest office in Bristol,with 501 employees;A northwest base in Manchester,with 41 employees;and,Nuclear support in Cumbria,with 142 employees working as part of the Programme and Project Partners(PPP)contract at Sellafield with the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority.15The eco

57、nomic impact of KBR in the UKFig.3:KBRs UK office locations13 UK average was 73,100 in 2023.14 Ministry of Defence,“Strategic Defence Review 2024-2025:Terms of Reference”,accessed August 2024The employees of KBR are highly productive:in 2023 they supported an average GDP contribution of over 88,800

58、per workeraround 21%greater than the productivity of the average worker in the UK economy.13 KBR having highly productive workers is important for the wider economy as it boosts the standard of living for the UKs residents.It also helps to address the UKs historic productivity gap with the other six

59、 G7 economies.A key theme of the Governments Strategic Defence Review is to consider the contribution of Defence to the governments Growth Mission”,and KBR is well placed to support this given its high productivity.14 This higher-than-average productivity could reflect the skills required for KBRs o

60、perations,as in 2023,1,334 of its workersor 35%were in advisory and technical roles.These employees were from a range of skilled professions including mechanical engineering,chemical engineering,civil engineering,and naval architecture.However,jobs at KBR also span a variety of other disciplines.A f

61、urther 39%of the workforce worked in business support functions such as administrative services,human resources,and IT,while 12%worked in project management and project support,9%worked in other roles such as camp operations and transportation,and 5%worked in management.GlasgowCumbriaMiddlesbroughWa

62、rrington(2 sites)ManchesterBurtonGloucesterBristolSwindonAldershotPortsmouthBulfordTidworth(2 sites)LarkhillWarminsterDorchesterSomersetPlymouthLeatherheadClient sitesKBR sites16The economic impact of KBR in the UKThe company also supports the early careers development of its workers.In 2023,7%of KB

63、Rs direct workforce were early careers personnel,as it employed 200 graduates and 47 apprentices.Graduates are provided with mentoring,targeted skills training,and project experience through rotations to kickstart their careers.Apprentices at KBR can complete qualifications in a range of subjects fr

64、om quantity surveying to leadership and management.The knowledge and skills that these workers gain through these programmes could improve the countrys long-term competitiveness and contributes to KBRs goal of securing the UKs position as a science and technology superpower.Fig.4:Share of employment

65、 by job function,2023Source:KBR,Oxford EconomicsShare ofworkers(%)39%35%5%12%9%Business supportfunctionsAdvisory andtechnicalManagementProject managementand supportOther17The economic impact of KBR in the UK CASE STUDY 2ASPIRE DEFENCE15 KBR,KBR Continues to Deliver for UK MOD under Aspire Defence Jo

66、int Venture,21 March 202716 https:/aspiredefence.co.uk/about-us/faq/This case study is based on material provided by KBRIn 2006,Aspire Defence,one of KBRs joint ventures,was awarded the largest UK Ministry of Defence Infrastructure Private Finance Initiative contract to date to support soldiers in t

67、he British Army through the provision of living and working army garrisons in Salisbury Plain and Aldershot via Project Allenby/Connaught(PAC).15 The 8 billion 35-year contractspanning between 2006 and 2041is aimed at upgrading and overseeing the management of accommodation,leisure,and recreational

68、facilities for some 18,700 military and civilian personnel across six UK British Army garrisons in Aldershot,Bulford,Tidworth,Perham Down,Larkhill,and Warminster in the south of England.16PAC has already delivered upgraded living and working accommodation for over 11,000 military and civilian person

69、nel.Aspire Defence Capital Works(ADCW)and Aspire Defence Services(ADS),both KBR entities,play a wide-ranging role across PAC through the design,programme management,construction,and day-to-day management of the facilities.ADCW has completed a 1.5 billion construction,demolition,and refurbishment pro

70、gramme of 541 buildings between 2006 and 2014.Meanwhile,ADS provides key support services from catering and cleaning to transport and estate management across existing garrisons.Each year,ADS delivers around 8 million meals,400,000 laundered items,and 100,000 tailored items to personnel.Additionally

71、,the buildings maintenance helpdesk takes over 5,000 calls each month.In 2016,the contract was expanded to facilitate an additional construction phase worth 680 million to accommodate a further 3,000 troops as part of the Army Basing Programme.The project will deliver a full suite of facility manage

72、ment services until 2041.18The economic impact of KBR in the UK19The economic impact of KBR in the UK20The economic impact of KBR in the UK3.KBRS WIDER IMPACT IN THE UKThe economic footprint of KBR is more than just its immediate impact on the economy.It also generates subsequent impacts through the

73、 purchases it makes with suppliers(indirect impact)and the wage-funded spending of the workers it employs,as well as workers in its supply chain(induced impact).In this chapter we analyse these secondary channels and assess KBRs total economic impact.3.1 INDIRECT IMPACTThe indirect economic impact o

74、f KBR refers to the GDP,employment,and tax revenues supported in its UK supply chains,as a result of its purchases of goods and services from other businesses in the country.This includes the activity of its own suppliers,but also that of further rounds of suppliers throughout the wider UK economy.K

75、BR supported an estimated 246 million GDP contribution to the UK economy through the indirect channel of impact.The largest indirect GDP contributions of 53.0 million and 36.3 million were seen in the professional services,and administrative service sectors,respectively.These sectors accounted for l

76、arge shares of the expenditure,as professional services accounted for 39%of KBRs own spending,which included consultant and contractor costs,while administrative services accounted for 15%of the total spend by KBR and its JVs.Other notable contributions were seen in sectors such as public administra

77、tion and defencereflecting spending on military activityand retail,reflecting spending on general office equipment.Fig.5:KBRs indirect GDP impact by sectorSource:KBR,Oxford Economics million020106050403053.0 36.3 30.2 22.5 20.2 19.2 16.5 16.3 9.1 22.7 Professional servicesAdministrative servicesPubl

78、ic adminRetail&wholesaleConstructionManufacturingInfo&communicationsAccommodation&foodFinancial servicesOther21The economic impact of KBR in the UKConsidering impacts along the supply chain,KBR also supported around 4,900 jobs in 2023.Similar to the GDP impact,the greatest share of jobs was supporte

79、d in the professional services sector(1,370 jobs).This was primarily driven by KBRs employment of contractors,which accounted for approximately two-thirds of the jobs supported in this sector.While the accommodation and food sector supported the third largest indirect employment contribution(13%),it

80、 supported a smaller share of indirect GDP(7%)due to the labour-intensive nature of that sector.We also estimate that 67 million in tax revenues were supported in the indirect channel.This was comprised of corporation tax,taxes on production and products,income tax,and employer and employee social s

81、ecurity contributions.3.2 INDUCED IMPACTKBR also support the wider UK economy through the induced channel of impact.This reflects activity supported by the wage-funded spending of its employees,and of workers in its supply chains,in other parts of the UK economy.We estimate KBR supported a GDP contr

82、ibution of 308 million in 2023.As the induced impact is driven by consumer expenditure,rather than expenditure by businesses,the pattern of activity by sector differs to that in the indirect channel.The largest contributions were seen in consumer-facing sectors,with over one-quarter of the impactor

83、81.2 millionsupported in the real estate sector,followed by 45.4 million in the retail and wholesale trade sector.Fig.6:KBRs indirect employment impact by sectorSource:KBR,Oxford EconomicsNumber of jobs08006004002001,4001,2001,000Other1,370 1,100 660380330230220160150330Professional servicesAdminist

84、rative servicesAccommodation&foodPublic adminRetail&wholesaleManufacturingConstructionInfo&communicationsReal estate22The economic impact of KBR in the UKFig.7:KBRs induced GDP impact by sectorKBR also supported an employment impact of around 3,900 jobs through the induced channel.The greatest numbe

85、r of jobs were supported in the retail and wholesale trade,and accommodation sectors with 950,and 600 jobs,respectively.While the real estate sector accounted for 26%of the induced GDP impact,it only accounted for 3%of the induced jobs impact due to the high levels of productivity in this sector.Add

86、itionally,KBR supported 87 million in tax payments through this wage-funded channel.Fig.8:KBRs induced employment impact by sectorSource:KBR,Oxford Economics million020109050607080403081.2 45.4 28.5 21.3 16.2 15.6 15.5 15.1 12.5 57.1 Real estateRetail&wholesaleFinancial servicesManufacturingInfo&com

87、municationsProfessional servicesAccommodation&foodAdministrative servicesConstructionOtherSource:KBR,Oxford EconomicsNumber of jobs04002001,000800600950 600280250240230180150150840Retail&wholesaleAccommodation&foodAdministrative servicesManufacturingTransport&storageProfessional servicesHealthEducat

88、ionInfo&communicationsOther23The economic impact of KBR in the UK3.3 TOTAL ECONOMIC IMPACT17 ONS,Annual Survey of Household Earnings 2023,data downloaded August 2024 Median wage taken for full-time employees in education.We estimate KBR supported a total GDP contribution of 913 million across the UK

89、 in 2023.This is calculated by summing together the direct,indirect,and induced channels.Since the total GDP impact was 2.5 times the direct GDP impact alone,this means KBR had an estimated GDP multiplier of 2.5 in the UK.In other words,for every 1 million contribution to GDP generated by KBR in 202

90、3,it supported a further 1.5 million across the UK economy through its expenditure.The GDP multiplier of KBR is higher than the average for the public administration and defence sector.While some highly productive sectors,such as scientific research and development,have a higher average multiplier o

91、f 3.3,other sectors included in KBRs activities such as accommodation and repair and maintenance of ships have lower multipliers.This demonstrates the extent of KBRs supply chain impacts.A total of 12,800 jobs were supported by KBR across the country in 2023.In this case,we estimate the employment m

92、ultiplier was 3.2.This means for every 100 workers employed by KBR;an additional 220 jobs were supported across the UK economy in 2023.The higher employment multiplier,relative to the GDP multiplier,is stimulated by the high productivity and spending power of KBRs employees,in turn supporting more j

93、obs,on a relative basis,in other parts of the economy.Finally,in 2023,KBR also supported a total tax contribution of 366 million.Its direct impact accounted for the largest share of this total,at around 60%(equivalent to 212 million).To place this total tax contribution into context,this contributio

94、n was enough to pay the salaries of 8,700 full time teachers and other education professionals in the same year.17Fig.9:Multiplier of KBR and its JVs compared to UK sectorsFig.10:KBRs total economic impact in 2023,by channelSource:ONS,Oxford Economics021433.3 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.1 R&DKBRPublic admin&defen

95、ceAccommodationRepair&maintenanceof shipsSource:KBR,Oxford Economics million Jobs,headcount0Note:figures may not sum due to rounding0DirectIndirectInducedGDP(left axis)Taxes(left axis)Employment(right axis)35821224667308879133664,0004,9003,90012,8004003002001005006007001,0009008001,5003,0004,5006,00

96、012,00015,00013,50010,5009,0007,50024The economic impact of KBR in the UK25The economic impact of KBR in the UK26The economic impact of KBR in the UKAPPENDIXMETHODOLOGY Economic Impact ModellingEconomic impact modelling is a standard tool used to quantify the economic contribution of an investment o

97、r a company.Impact analysis traces the economic contribution of an investment through three separate channels:Direct impactrefers to activity conducted directly by KBR in the UK.Indirect impactconsists of activity that is supported as a result of the procurement of goods and services by KBR in the U

98、K,purchases by those companies in turn,and so on.Induced impactreflects activity supported by the wage spending of direct and indirect employees.Direct impactsThe direct value added of KBR is calculated as the sum of compensation of employees,profits,and business rates.Direct employment is comprised

99、 of workers employed by KBR,and direct tax contributions represent the taxes it paid over the year.Inputs from KBRs JVs are adjusted to reflect the share of the business that is owned by KBR itself.Indirect and induced impacts Indirect and induced impacts are estimated using an input-output model.An

100、 input-output model gives a snapshot of an economy at any point in time.The model shows the major spending flows from“final demand”(i.e.,consumer spending,government spending investment,and exports to the rest of the world);intermediate spending patterns(i.e.,what each sector buys from every other s

101、ectorin other words,the supply chain);how much of that spending stays within the economy;and the distribution of income between employment and other forms such as corporate profits.An input-output model uses a matrix representation of a nations interconnected economy to calculate the effect of chang

102、es by consumers,by an industry,or by others,on other industries and therefore on the economy as a whole.These input-output tables ultimately measure“multiplier effects”of an industry by tracing the effects of its inter-industry transactionsthat is the number value of goods and services that are need

103、ed(inputs)to produce each pound of output for the individual sector being studied.These models can be used to measure the relationship between an economic change or“shock,”and the final outcome across the whole of the economy.In essence,an input-output model is a table which shows who buys what from

104、 whom in the economy.Oxford Economics used the input-output analytical table for the United Kingdom for 2018,published by the ONS in 2022,for this analysis.This was the most recent dataset available at the time of analysis.Direct,indirect,and induced employment figures in this report have been round

105、ed,generally to two significant figures.To avoid double-counting,KBRs procurement data have been adjusted to remove any purchases between business units.Indirect jobs are presented including the contractors that KBR hires.27The economic impact of KBR in the UKOXFORD ECONOMICSOxford Economics was fou

106、nded in 1981 as a commercial venture with Oxford Universitys business college to provide economic forecasting and modelling toUK companies and financial institutions expanding abroad.Since then,we have become one of the worlds foremost independent global advisory firms,providing reports,forecasts,an

107、d analytical tools on more than 200 countries,100industries,and 8,000 cities and regions.Our best-in-class global economic and industry models and analytical tools give us an unparalleled ability to forecast external market trends andassess their economic,social,and business impact.Headquartered in

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110、ing,and economic impact analysis to market surveys,case studies,expert panels,and web analytics.Oxford Economics is a key adviser to corporate,financial,and government decision-makers and thought leaders.Our worldwide client base now comprises over 2,500 international organisations,including leading

111、 multinational companies and financial institutions;key government bodies and trade associations;and top universities,consultancies,and think tanks.January 2025All data shown in tables and charts are Oxford Economics own data,except where otherwise stated and cited in footnotes,and are copyright Oxf

112、ord Economics Ltd.This report is confidential to KBR and may not be published or distributed without their prior written permission.The modelling and results presented here are based on information provided by third parties,upon which Oxford Economics has relied in producing its report and forecasts

113、 in good faith.Any subsequent revision or update of those data will affect the assessments and projections shown.To discuss the report further please contact:Rosie Nolan Jordan Mencattelli Stephen Foreman:Oxford Economics 4 Millbank,London SW1P 3JA,UK Tel:+44 203 910 8061Global headquartersOxford Ec

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