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1、SLOVENIA MARKET PROFILEAn EMEE Music Market Study2024This report is created as one of the deliverables of the project“Developing EuropeanMusic Export Capacity”.The project is co-funded by the European Commission.Authors:Primo Kristan,Manca Ogrin,Duan Mijanovi,and Tanja Benedik(SIGIC-Slovenian Music

2、Information Centre)Language and content editors:Alice Kattago and Virgo SillamaaEditorial support&designer:Jess PartridgeResearch project coordinators:Virgo Sillamaa(EMEE)and Alice Kattago The report was created between October 2023 and March 2024.The authors and the entire EMEE team express gra

3、titude to all the professionals whowere willing to grant their time and expertise,including Maa Pavokovi(Mashupmash)Nikola Sekulovi(Drutvo KOPRIVA,k.o.),Rok Koir(R.O.K.Booking&Management),IdaRepov Grabnar(Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia),Darjo Rot(NIKA d.o.o.),Igor Ivani(IMC MP d.

4、o.o.),Eszter Dcsy(EEnlarge Europe),Alja Mavri(M),Botjan Menart(MENART Records d.o.o.)CONTENTS1.General Context 1.1.Geography and Getting Around 1.2.Society,economy and communication 1.3.Tax and Legal 1.3.1.Artist status and business identity management 1.3.2.Copyright law and collective licensing 1.

5、3.3.Visa and other mobility info 1.4.Music and Creative Industries Policy 2.Music Consumption 2.1.Music Discovery and Engagement 2.2.Discovering live music(concerts)and new music 2.3.Participation in Live Events 2.4.Ticket sales 2.5.Expenditure on culture 2.6.Listening to Recorded Music 3.Music Ecos

6、ystem 3.1.Music Economy 3.2.Industry Events and Conferences 3.3.Industry Trade and Development Associations,Unions 3.4.Collective Management Organisations 3.5.Other Music Organisations 4.Live Music Sector 4.1.Live Music Industry in Figures 4.2.Music Festivals 4.3.Music Venues and Clubs 4.4.Promoters

7、 and Booking Agents 4.5.Organising a Tour or Gig5.Recorded Music Sector 5.1.Recorded Music Industry in Figures 5.2.Main Actors in the Recorded Music Industry 5.3.Digital Distribution 5.4.Physical Distribution 5.5.Collective Management of Neighbouring Rights 5.6.Releasing and Distributing Your Music5

8、 5 6 7 7 7 9 911 11 11 14 15 15 1619 19 20 21 22 2325 25 25 31 35 3940 41 41 42 43 43 446.Music Publishing&Synch Sector 6.1.Music Publishing Industry in Figures 6.2.Main Actors in the Music Publishing Industry 6.3.Collective Management of Copyright 6.4.Distributing your Catalogue and Creative Co

9、llaborations 6.5.A Brief Overview of the Synch Sector 7.Media and PR 7.1.Social Media 7.2.Written Media Print and Online 7.3.Radio 7.4.Television 7.5.Developing a Marketing and PR Strategy 8.Music scene snapshots and case studies Annex 1:Notes on sources and methodology References45 45 46 46 46 4648

10、 48 49 50 50 51 5254561.General ContextPopulationLjubljanaMariborCeljeKranjVelenjeKoperNovo Mesto272 22095 17137 52036 87425 45624 99623 341 1.1 Geography and Getting AroundThe main music hubs in Slovenia are Ljubljana,thecapital,and Maribor.Both cities have the necessaryinfrastructure and instituti

11、ons including opera andballet theatres,cultural centres and major festivals.Ljubljana,additionally,houses the Cankarjev domwhich is the National Cultural and Congress Centre,the Slovenian Philharmonic building,the NationalSymphony Orchestra and the Big Band under theumbrella of the National Televisi

12、on(RTV Slovenija),along with other venues detailed in section 4.3 of thisreport.2 119 675(Worldometer 2024)Other smaller towns with musical activities,predominantly festivals and concert series,includeKoper,Tolmin,Kranj,Novo mesto,Nova Gorica,Velenje,Celje,Lako,Ravne na Korokem,Seana,Piran,Portoro,B

13、led,and Murska Sobota.Cerkno,a small and remote town,hosts arenowned international jazz festival.Similar micro-locations with well-known festivals includeGorika Brda,Loka dolina(Grad Snenik),Marezige and others.5Train4 h 49 min,13,90 second class,you need to change-no direct connectionBusFirst 1h 40

14、 min then stop and 1h 22min,no direct connection,ca 10 ticket each way.Car2h 45min,16 for weekly e-vignette(if you drive on Slovenian motorways,you need tobuy an e-vignette,its a pass for the motorway).The well-developed music education system is also worth mentioning,with practically everysmall tow

15、n having its own public music school.Public music conservatories are situated inLjubljana and Maribor,along with two public academies of music in Ljubljana and Maribor.Additionally,there are several private music schools throughout the country.There are multiple options for travelling around Sloveni

16、a including train,bus and car.Belowyou can find an example of the transport options available between the Koper-Ljubljana-Maribor route(236 km).6For more facts about Slovenia visit the Digital Slovenia website.1.2 Society,economy and communicationOfficial language(s):SlovenianOther important languag

17、e(s):Italian,Hungarian spoken by a minority at the bordersRecommended language to communicate with local professionals:EnglishCurrency:20232022Average Age(Source)43.845.2GDP(Source)63 bln57 blnGDP Per Capita(Source)29 75027 050Social media users(%of population)(Source)77.4%-Internet penetration in h

18、ouseholds(%of population)(Source)91.4%90%1.3 Tax&legal 1.3.1.Artist status and business identity managementSlovenian artists and professionals can apply to the Ministry of Culture for self-employmentstatus.There are two levels of status:regular,which refers only to business registration;andstatu

19、s with the benefit of paying mandatory social and health contributions.Both levels aregranted for three years,with the possibility of renewal.To obtain the status with paidcontributions,applicants must prove their special achievements and contribution to thedevelopment of Slovenian culture.Detailed

20、information on the procedure can be found on thewebsite of the Ministry of Culture.The status of an artist is limited by the maximum income allowed.Those artists andprofessionals who earn more would typically set up associations or private institutions(andstill apply for public funding),or register

21、as regular business entities,either as self-employed orfreelancers.The latter limits the possibilities of obtaining public funding through open callsand tenders,at least from the Ministry of Culture and municipalities.Businesses fall under thejurisdiction of the Ministry of the Economy,Tourism and S

22、port.This becomes relevant when itcomes to statistical reporting.The statistical data on culture collected by the Statistical Officeof the Republic of Slovenia focuses on public institutions,cultural centres and non-governmental organisations.Private actors are not covered.1.3.2.Copyright law and co

23、llective licensing The legal basis for copyright,related rights and the collective management system can befound in the Copyright and Related Rights Act(ZASP),Act on Collective Management ofCopyright and Related Rights(ZKUASP).Licences are issued by the Slovenian IntellectualProperty Office accordin

24、g to tariff agreements with users.A useful resource in English aboutcopyright in Slovenia is Copyright and related rights|GOV.SI.There are four collective management organisations(CMOs)for music in Slovenia-SAZAS,IPF,AIPA and KOPRIVA.SAZAS collectively manages the music copyrights of all authors and

25、 publishers in this fieldon the territory of the Republic of Slovenia.IPF collectively manages the rights of performers and the rights of the producers ofphonograms.AIPA collectively manages and protects the rights of authors,performers and producers ofaudiovisual works.KOPRIVA collectively manages

26、the right to fair compensation for sound or visual recordingmade under the conditions of private or other own use,and which belongs to authors,performers,producers of phonograms and film producers(private copying levy).All CMOs collect and distribute remuneration to domestic and foreign rights holde

27、rs,except forKopriva which collects private copying levy and distributes it to other CMOs responsible forfurther distribution to domestic and foreign rights holders.7CMOTypeMillion EURSAZASauthors14,3IPFneighbouring6,6AIPAAV6,3KOPRIVAprivate copying3,1USAGEAUTHORS RIGHTSNEIGHBOURING RIGHTS(recording

28、s)Public performanceSAZASIPFBroadcasting in radio and TVSAZASIPFReproduction and distribution(physical)SAZASIndividualBackground musicSAZASIPFMaking available onlineSAZASIndividualLicensing to film productionLicensing is individual,the usage iscollectively managed by AIPA,SAZASLicensing is individua

29、l,the usage iscollectively managed by IPFLicensing to TV productionLicensing is individual,the usage iscollectively managed by AIPA,SAZASLicensing is individual,the usage iscollectively managed by IPFLicensing to advertisementsLicensing is individual,the usage iscollectively managed by AIPA,SAZASLic

30、ensing is individual,the usage iscollectively managed by IPFLicensing to video gamesproductionIndividualIndividualPrivate CopyingKOPRIVAKOPRIVAAccording to their revenues(per capita),all CMOs rank above average in the region.The totalannual collections according to CMOs are shown in Table 1.Table 1:

31、Total annual collections of CMOs in 2022.Source:SAZAS,IPF,AIPA and KOPRIVA websites.Below you will find a table on which uses for music are licensed collectively through theSlovenia collective management organisations,and which licences must be obtaineddirectly from the rightsholders.8Table 2:Licens

32、ing music in Slovenia.1.3.3.Visa and other mobility infoInformation on visas and other documents can be found on the eUprava website,a nationalportal for the various services that citizens can obtain from government or publicadministration bodies.The Consular Department of the Ministry of Foreign an

33、d EuropeanAffairs and Slovenian embassies around the world are a reliable point of reference for anyoneseeking information about Slovenia.Contact details can be found in the section on Sloveniasrepresentations abroad.CED Slovenia-Motovila is the national contact point for CreativeEurope,the European

34、 Unions framework programme for culture,film and audiovisual.Another reliable source of information for foreigners is the infotujci.si.portal.It containsrelevant information on immigration and social integration,language learning programmes,getting to know Slovenian society and information for forei

35、gners who are not EU citizens.The Music Mobility Funding Guide-with a focus on Europe-provides an overview of fundingbodies and programmes that support the international mobility of music artists(authors,composers,musicians,bands,orchestras)and other music professionals travelling to and/orfrom Euro

36、pean countries.The portal has been developed by On The Move and Music ExportPoland.9 1.4 Music and Creative Industries PolicyThe Ministry of Culture is the main government body responsible for preparing andimplementing cultural policy.The Resolution on the National Program for Culture defines thedev

37、elopment goals in the field of culture(public and private sector).It is a document based onan analysis of the past achievements of Slovenian culture and an understanding of the needs ofthe present.It is adopted every eight years.A more specific document is the four-year ActionPlan,which defines the

38、goals at the operational level.The Action Plan is currently beingadopted.More information can be found here.The main law regulating the cultural sector is the Act on the Realisation of the Public Interest inCulture(ZUJIK).There are 212 municipalities in Slovenia and some of them,mostly the larger on

39、es,adopt localstrategies for culture.The Strategy for the Development of Culture in MOL 2020-2023,withorientations until 2027,defines the priorities and sustainable goals in the City of Ljubljana.Public funding is intended for Slovenian residents and legal entities(foreigners cannot applyfor public

40、funding in Slovenia).There are two basic types of public funding.Public institutions:National Theatres,Slovenian Philharmonic,Cankarjev dom-Cultural and Congress Centre(55%public funding,45%commercial activity)and local cultural centres and institutions arefunded directly without having to apply for

41、 public funding.NGOs and individuals,on the otherhand,are funded through open calls and tenders.The Ministry of Culture has three main levelsof open calls,(1)the four-year programme level,(2)the four-year project level and(3)the one-year project level.The first two levels are reserved for legal enti

42、ties,while the third is open to freelance artists and professionals.There are also other more specific types of open calls andtenders in the field of culture.This also applies to the City of Ljubljana and,to a certain extent,to other municipalities.The Department for Public Diplomacy and Internation

43、al Cooperation in Culture at the Ministryof Foreign and European Affairs is responsible for international cultural cooperation,includingthe coordination of activities in preparation for the implementation of cultural programmesand the promotion of Slovenian culture abroad.The Centre for Creativity i

44、s the first national business development accelerator for creative andcultural sector professionals.The platform is run by the Museum of Architecture and Designand,together with open calls from the Ministry of Culture,forms the support framework for thedevelopment of the creative sector in Slovenia.

45、102.Music Consumption 2.1.Music Discovery and EngagementThis chapter will examine two surveys to understand how Slovenians discover and listen tomusic.The first survey“How we listen to music online and offline?”focuses on musicconsumption habits and involved 493 participants from Slovenia.It was car

46、ried out by theEEnlarge Europe initiative,a community of venues and knowledge-sharing centres,providingknowledge and support to the emerging music scene.The second survey,The Slovenian Public Opinion survey(SPO),conducted by CJM(The PublicOpinion and Mass Communication Research Centre-POMCRC)at the

47、Faculty of Social Sciencesin Ljubljana,gathered data from a representative sample(n=2500,realisation:N=1022)of theadult population of the Republic of Slovenia.(see annex 1 for more detailed information onboth surveys).2.2.Discovering live music(concerts)and new musicIn the EEnlarge Europe 2023 surve

48、y respondents were asked where they heard about a concert.The responses are displayed in Table 3.11Where did you hear about a concert?Percentage of responses selected in categoryfollowing bands on their online channels36,1%oftenFacebook events that pop up35,5%oftenmusic venues online channels30,6%of

49、tenmusic blogs,music media25,2%oftencity posters and billboards39,9%sometimesfriends recommendation38,3%sometimesfree printed program magazines40,4%rarelyTikTok84,2%neverat the venue,regardless who is playing 46%neverInstagram story of the band I follow38,1%neverFacebook events-invitations by friend

50、s 25,4%neverTable 3:Where do you hear about a concert?-Slovenia (source:The EEnlarge Europe Survey 2023)The data shows that respondents often rely on bands online channels to stay informed aboutconcerts,followed by(in the same category)Facebook events,music venues online channels,and music media.The

51、 respondents sometimes find information via city posters,billboards,orfriends recommendations and they rarely use free printed program magazines.Surprisingly,many respondents never hear about a concert on TikTok,Instagram or consider Facebookinvitations by friends.Nearly half of respondents would al

52、so never go to a concert withoutknowing who is playing.In Slovenia,a widely used and reliable channel for finding concerts or festivals is the calendarof events on the SIGICs website.Discovering new music is another variable that sheds light on tools used and the change ofhabits over time.Results ar

53、e shown in Table 4.12New music and old favourites/how do you find newmusic?Percentage of responses selected in categoryI only listen to my old favourites47,1%oftenI am searching for new music on YouTube31,9%oftenon platforms(Spotify,AppleMusic,etc)26,4%oftenI get recommendations from friends41,8%som

54、etimesI go to concerts/festivals to find new music28,8%sometimesI listen to the radio for new music26,2%sometimesI am searching for new music on TikTok73%never on Bandcamp56,6%neverI watch music TV for new music46,9%neverI read music blogs for new music42,4%neveron Facebook/IG38,1%neverTable 4:New m

55、usic and old favourites-Slovenia.Source:The EEnlarge Europe Survey 2023.The data shows that almost half of Slovenian respondents often listen to old favourites.Respondents find new music most often on YouTube and platforms(Spotify,Deezer,AppleMusic,etc),followed by recommendations from friends,atten

56、ding concerts and festivals,and listening to the radio(with the highest percentage in the Sometimes category).TikTok,Bandcamp,music blogs and Facebook are rarely used tools for discovering new music inSlovenia.It is interesting to note that YouTube places ahead of the platforms in Slovenia.According

57、 to the last years EEnlarge Europe 2023 report,platforms were the dominant tool(on average across all countries)and YouTube was only in third place,following a friendsrecommendation.Below are some more interesting facts about Slovenian respondents engagement with music,(based on EEnlarge Europe data

58、).The respondents:listen to music mostly on smartphones with earbuds or headphonesmostly prefer digital(streaming or downloading)and watching YouTubelisten to music mostly at concerts,at home and in the caroften listen to songs by the same artist shuffled or algorithmically ordered by popularityofte

59、n listen to albumssometimes listen to more than one EP/album by the same artistoften listen to music in shuffle moderarely listen to editorial playlistslisten to the radio in equal proportions rarely,sometimes and often.The results of the CJM survey showcase the most popular music genres in Slovenia

60、.Results areshown in Table 5.13%of selected answers0102030405060PopRockSlovene folk-entertainmentCroatian popSlovenian pop songs(evergreens)ClassicalGlobal music(latin,african,reggae,etc.)JazzElectronic(EDM,house,techno,downtempo,dubstep)Rnb,hip hop,and/or trapAlternativeTurbo folkOtherMetalNo answe

61、rTable 5:Which of the listed music genres do you listen to?(2021)Source:CJM,The Slovenian Public Opinion survey(SPO)2021/1,N=1022According to this survey,the most listened to genres in Slovenia are pop,rock,and Slovenefolk-entertainment music,and the least listened to alternative,turbo folk,and meta

62、l.2.3.Participation in Live EventsThe EEnlarge survey also sheds light on the participation in live events in Slovenia,showcasingthat the majority of Slovenian respondents(36,3%)attend concerts several times a year,and35,2%attend concerts monthly(at least one concert per month).11,4%attend only one

63、or twoconcerts or festivals a year,and 10,6%of respondents attend concerts weekly(at least once aweek).The rest(3,3%)attend only one or two festivals a year,and 3,3%of respondents dontgo to concerts or festivals at all.The Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia also collects data from the li

64、ve(and virtual)event and ticket sales.The numbers for 2022 can be found in the table below.14Number of liveeventsNumber visitorsNumber of virtualeventsNumber of viewsof virtual eventsAll24 3473 631 185564231 761Cultural centres18 9322 849 422510216 763Theatre,Opera4975658 600344863Music Institutions

65、439123 1632010 135Table 6:Performances and visitors in venues with cultural activities on stage,2022Source:Statistical Office of the Republic of SloveniaThis data,however,pertains only to the public sector and a smaller section of private entities.The observation unit is a cultural institution or pa

66、rt of an enterprise that is known to performcultural activities on stages.This includes public institutions,such as cultural centres,theatres,opera houses,professional orchestras and choirs,as well as producers or performers ofcultural events whose founder is not the State or the local community(ass

67、ociations),butwhose activities are in the public interest to the extent that they are financed by the State in amanner comparable to that of public institutions.The survey covers about 200 observationunits(the methodology is described here).However,the organisation of music events also involves othe

68、r players from the private sector,primarily organisers of major concerts in venues like sports arenas and halls,as well as thelargest commercial festivals.The official statistical data do not cover all music events inSlovenia.A possible solution would be to analyse the data collected by ticketing ag

69、encies whenselling tickets for events.Almost all event organisers in Slovenia sell tickets for events throughticketing service providers.15Number ofeventsNumber of freeeventsIncome from ticketsales(EUR)Average ticketprice(EUR)All24 347674313 397 87110,83Cultural centres18 93261657 059 86210,13Theatr

70、e,Opera49754734 707 97210,52Music Institutions4391051 630 03817,50Table 7:Tickets and events in institutions with cultural activities on stage,2022Source:Statistical Office of the Republic of SloveniaThe Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia also collects data on income from ticket sales.Th

71、e average ticket price in music venues is 17,50,which is comparable to the result of theEEnlarge Europe Survey data(see Table 8).2.4.Ticket salesThere are two main ticketing companies in Slovenia,Mojekarte.si and Eventim.The ticketingcompany maintains a database of all ticketing transactions for its

72、 partners.Today,theseservice providers cover almost all ticket sales for all types of music events in Slovenia.Due tothe complexity of the ticket sales database,not all data is processed.Tickets in Slovenia are sold in two ways.Organisations(partners)can either sell tickets usingtheir tax numbers at

73、 their own ticket offices or online;or they can work through distributionnetworks(Moje karte,Eventim).Slovenia has seen a significant increase in digital sales,which have gained momentum sincethe end of the COVID-19 pandemic.A rough comparison between 2018 and 2023 shows analmost 100%increase in onl

74、ine transactions compared to physical ticket purchases.Theincrease in digital sales is not significantly related to discounts on online purchases.Theexception is season ticket purchases,where customers look for additional information at thebox office.The trend in ticket purchases for events in Slove

75、nia is positive.The year 2023 has alreadysurpassed the pre-Covid-19 period in terms of activity and financial volume.2.5.Expenditure on cultureThe results of the EEnlarge Europe survey(Table 8)show that most respondents(29,6%)spendaround 13.5-30 per month on culture(including books,theatre,music,sub

76、scriptions,cinema,museums and cultural events).On music,which includes streaming subscriptions,CDs,vinyl and downloads,mostrespondents(62,7%)spend around 0-13 per month.For live music,which includes attendingconcerts and festivals,most respondents(33,7%)spend around 13,5-30 per month.16Table 8:How m

77、uch do you spend on culture,digital music,and live music?average monthly,Slovenia,all countries average.Source:EEnlarge Europe,2023The results show that the expenditure of Slovenian respondents is comparable to the averageexpenditure of all countries in all three categories.The results also show tha

78、t the majority ofrespondents(over 60%)spend less on digital music(0-13)compared to live music where themajority of respondents(over 30%)spend 13,5-30.82,8%of Slovenians spend 0-30 ondigital music(compared to 88%in all countries surveyed).Spending on live music in Sloveniais 57,8%compared to 64,9%in

79、all other countries.More respondents pay less for digital musiccompared to attending live music events.Its likely,then,that most people are willing to paymore for live music concerts than for digital use.Below are some additional interesting facts about Slovenian respondents participation in liveeve

80、nts(based on EEnlarge Europe data).Most respondentswould go to any venue to see a bandgo to concerts because they like the artist/band and want to see them perform liveconcentrate on the music during the concertcheck out all the bands when there are more bands playing in one nightthink that the idea

81、l length of a concert is 1,5-2 hours think that cheap prices at a music venue are important,but not really importantare neutral about the quality of drinks at a venuefood(cold or properly cooked)is not really important at a music venuethink that clean toilets at a music venue are important but not r

82、eally important,etc.2.6.Listening to Recorded MusicThe analysis of the EEnlarge Europe data for Slovenia reveals insights into respondentslistening habits.The results demonstrate that 88,9%of the respondents stream or downloadmusic and 81,4%of the respondents are watching music videos on YouTube.Rad

83、io is in thirdplace,ahead of concert films and live-stream concerts,CDs,vinyl and cassettes.The results aredisplayed in Table 9.CategoryExpenditure(EUR)%of responses inSlovenia(2022)%of responses allcountries average(2022)Culture13,5-3028,6%29,9%Digital Music0-1362,7%66,8%Live Music13,5-3033,7%33,8%

84、17Ratio(%)020406080100Digital(streaming or download)Music videos(e.g.official videos on YouTube)RadioConcert films,live stream concertsCDVinylMC/tape/cassetteNo answerTable 9:“How do you listen to music?”(Slovenia,2023)Source:The EEnlarge Europe Survey 2023According to the results of the CJM survey,

85、we can see which media is mostly used for listeningto music among the general population of Slovenians.Results are shown in Table 10.%of selected answersRadioYouTubeTelevisionCDs or vinylAttending concertsStreaming platformsNo answer020406080Table 10:“Which media do you use to listen to and follow m

86、usic?”(2021)Source:CJM,The Slovenian Public Opinion survey(SPO)2021/1,N=1022It is interesting to observe the continued importance of traditional media like radio andtelevision.YouTubes popularity in Slovenia is highlighted by several data sources.Surprisingly,streaming platforms are positioned last,

87、at 13,2%,which might be explained by the fact that 18Spotify only entered Slovenia in 2020 and its rapid growth has taken place in the last years.Today,Spotify without a doubt is the most popular streaming platform in Slovenia.Anotherpossible argument is that the CJM Surveys are performed on the gen

88、eral population(nationalsurvey).EEnlarge has also asked the respondents which platforms they use the most.As expected,YouTube remains the number one platform in Slovenia with 89,3%of respondents using it tolisten to music.In second place is Spotify,used by 57,2%of respondents.Almost the samepercenta

89、ge of the respondents(57%)listen to music on the radio,which shows that radio is stilla relevant medium.Other mediums used are downloaded music(52,3%),SoundCloud(25,4%),Bandcamp(22,3%),music TV(18,5%),AppleMusic(9,7%),both Deezer and Tidal(5,5%),other(4,3%),Twitch(0,8%),and Amazon(0,6%).Refer to Tab

90、le 11 for a detailed breakdown of theresults.Table 11:“What channels do you use for listening to music?”(Slovenia,2023)Source:The EEnlarge Europe Survey 2023Ratio%YouTubeSpotifyRadioDownloaded musicSoundCloudBandCampMusic TVApple MusicDeezerTidalOtherTwitchAmazonNo Answer020406080100 3.1.Music Econo

91、myThe Ministry of Culture is the main source of funding for culture in Slovenia(Table 1).In 2022,all cultural institutions with stage activities received a total of 88 503 586 from the Ministry(state budget).The second most important public source is the municipal budget,whichprovided 32 461 574.Oth

92、er sources include EU funding(4 070 413),income from culturalactivities(25 641 812),income from other activities(5 080 839),domestic sponsorship anddonations(3 813 751)and international sponsorship,donations and funding frominternational foundations(343 702).The total funding of music institutions i

93、n 2022 was EUR 25 292 738.A detailed breakdown canbe found in Table NR.Focusing only on music institutions,however,excludes opera and balletevents held in national theatres and non music-related events at cultural centres.The total income of around 25 million is reported by 10 music organisations th

94、at have theirown concert halls and 25 music organisations that do not have their own venues and therefore,tour elsewhere.Institutions considered as music-focused are those whose primary activityrevolves around music,such as the Slovenian Philharmonic Orchestra.However,entities likethe Cankarjev dom-

95、Cultural and Congress Centre are not classified as musical institutions butrather as cultural centres.Due to data protection regulations,the identities of specificinstitutions cannot be revealed.3.Music Ecosystem19*EU funds received from the national budget and directly from the EUTable 12:Support f

96、or cultural activities in cultural institutions with stage activities(EUR),2022Source:Statistical Office of the Republic of SloveniaThe data clearly illustrates that the largest portion of expenses is allocated to the salaries ofpublic servants.In 2022,all cultural institutions collectively allocate

97、d 83 948 924 towardssalaries,contributions,and related costs,with Theatre and Opera accounting for 46 261 259.According to the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia,in 2022,all cultural organisationsemployed a total of 2631 people,of which 2520 were full-time.Of these,820 were employed incu

98、ltural centres,1340 in theatres and opera houses and 471 in music venues.The highexpenditure on salaries presents a significant challenge for music institutions that employperformers including musicians,ballet dancers and opera singers.1320Table 13:Expenditure on cultural activities in cultural inst

99、itutions with stage activities(EUR),2022.Source:Statistical Office of theRepublic of Slovenia 3.2.Industry Events and ConferencesThe term“music industry”has only been used in the Slovenian music scene andby policymakers in the last decade.Events like MENT Ljubljana,alongside otherfestival-related mu

100、sic conferences,played an important role in facilitatingdiscussions on music entrepreneurship and music export.Additionally,theimplementation of various European projects in partnership with other countriesand participation in international networks helped to pave the way towards andthe professional

101、isation of the Slovenian music scene MENT Ljubljana is an international music showcase festival combined with aconference,which takes place every year at various venues in Ljubljana.It wasfirst organised in 2015 as a successor to the Slovenian Music Week.Similarfestivals in Europe include Waves Vien

102、na and Tallinn Music Week,among others.The international conference focuses on the music industry and creativity.Themain purpose of MENT as a showcase festival,is to promote local music creatorsabroad(i.e the export and exchange of musicians)through networking.Numerous other festivals have also cont

103、ributed to the professionalisation of themusic sector by engaging with international delegates,organising panels,workshops,showcasing young bands,and hosting music contests.For instance,Jazz festival Ljubljana offers panels and creative residencies for musicians.Activities are also driven through th

104、e European Jazz Network.Zvonki in trobentice serves asa platform for Slovenian jazz creativity,providing a stage for emerging jazz musicians topresent new projects at Cankarjev dom in Ljubljana.Similarly,Jazz Cerkno offers interestingpanels and creative residencies for musicians.Druga godba is a par

105、t of Footprints,acollaborative project that aims to reform the music sector and introduce the values of social,economic and environmental responsibility into its activities.Sajeta art&music festival wasamong the first in Slovenia to introduce workshops,while Zavod Sploh conducts a wide rangeof k

106、nowledge transfer activities.In the field of contemporary classical music,there is Forumnove glasbe.Additionally,Tresk festival plays an important role in connecting music and localpublishing.3.3.Industry Trade and Development Associations,UnionsThe Slovenian Constitution provides a solid basis for

107、the establishment and functioning oftrade unions.The basic role of trade unions is to improve working conditions and employmentprotection.Trade unions are relevant in the cultural sector because a significant proportion ofSlovenian artists and professionals are employed in public institutions.For ex

108、ample,membersof the national symphony and philharmonic orchestras,opera and ballet,choirs,professionaland technical staff.GLOSA is an association for culture and nature in Slovenia.It is a non-political,non-party,independent and voluntary interest organisation of its members.It brings together emplo

109、yeesand freelancers in the field of artistic creation and performance,and is therefore the mostactive and influential cultural trade union organisation in Slovenia,protecting the employmentrights of musicians and related professionals in the public sector.ZSVGS(Zveza sindikatov vseh glasbenikov Slov

110、enije)is the union of all Slovenian musicians.Ithas around 1000 members and works to improve conditions for authors and performers invarious areas of the music sector.SGS(Sindikat glasbenikov Slovenije)Union of Musicians of Slovenia was set up during thepandemic to highlight difficult situations in

111、the music industry.ZFIS(Zdruenje fonogramske industrije Slovenije)is an Association of the Phonogram Industryof Slovenia.The association ensures that rights and tariffs for public performance of music arerespected and comparable with other European countries.RUNDA-Regional assocation of independent

112、discographers Balkan,which is also a memberof IMPALA-a European organisation for independent music companies and nationalassociations.Slovenian Music School Association The Union of Slovenian Music Schools is an association ofpublic and private music schools,conservatories and Slovenian music school

113、s from abroadcommitted to the improvement of learning and working conditions,affirmation of musiceducation,mutual integration and,naturally,enhanced level of cultural events in Slovenia.21 3.4.Collective Management OrganisationsSAZAS is a not-for-profit organisation,established in 1993 by the Sloven

114、ian musical authors.Since March 12th,1998,it has functioned as a collective management organisation,authorisedby the Intellectual Property Office of Slovenia to manage authors rights in music,encompassing performing rights,mechanical authors rights,and the distribution of privatecopying levies.SAZAS

115、 has been a full member of CISAC International Confederation ofSocieties of Composers and Authors since 1996 and BIEM International organisationrepresenting mechanical rights societies since 2003.It has established fruitful cooperation withcollective management organisations all over the globe with

116、80+reciprocal representationagreements.IPF Founded in 1997,IPF,k.o.obtained a permit for the collective management of the rights ofperformers and phonogram producers in Slovenia from the Slovenian Intellectual PropertyOffice in November 2000.The founders of IPF,k.o.are the record companies Menart Re

117、cords,Dallas Records,Nika Records,Multimedia Records,Dots Records and SGS,and the SlovenianMusicians Union.They were later joined by other record companies and numerous Slovenianmusicians.The IPF is the only collective management organisation in Slovenia active in thefield of domestic and foreign pr

118、otection of the neighbouring rights of local performers andphonogram producers.Based on international agreements,they also manage and protect therights of foreign performers and phonogram producers in Slovenia.AIPA is a CMO whose primary purpose and activity is the collective enforcement and protect

119、ionof the rights of authors,performers and producers of audiovisual works.These categories alsoinclude composers of film music that is specially created for use in audiovisual works(scoremusic)and performers of musical works.A licence to regulate this area was issued to AIPA byThe Intellectual Prope

120、rty Office of Slovenia in October 2010.AIPA carries out its activities underthe Law on copyright and neighbouring rights.KOPRIVA is a CMO whose purpose is the collective management of the right to equitableremuneration for phonograms and videos made for private or personal use and belonging toauthor

121、s,performers,phonogram producers and film producers.Kopriva collects privatecopying levy and distributes it to other CMOs responsible for further distribution to domesticand foreign rights holders.It was founded in 2016.ZAMP is a CMO that administers the rights of authors and rights holders of liter

122、ary,scientificand journalistic works and their translations.It was founded in 1996 and currently has 1277members.22 3.5.Other Music OrganisationsBesides the trade and development associations and collective management organisations,there are several other entities that operate in the Slovenian music

123、 market.SIGIC(Slovenian Music Information Center)was founded in 2004 as the central informationpoint for Slovenian music,musicians,musical professionals,music events and activities.Theorganisation systematically promotes Slovenian music and musicians both nationally andinternationally.To this end,SI

124、GIC connects numerous musical institutions in Slovenia andaround the world,and,since 2006,has been a full member of IAMIC,the InternationalAssociation of Music Information Centers.SIGIC publishes a web music magazine called Odzventhat offers critical reflection and analysis about current musical act

125、ivities in all genres.Institute of Ethnomusicology The Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences andArts(abbreviated in Slovenian as ZRC SAZU)was founded in 1981.The work of the institute issteered towards the collection,research,and publication of material and the publication ofscientifi

126、c findings.The Society of Slovene Composers(DSS)is a voluntary professional association of composersand musicologists.It was founded in 1945.It has functioned as an independent organisationand it currently has 125 members,including Slovene composers living abroad.The Slovenian Musicological Society(

127、Slovensko muzikoloko drutvo)founded in 1992 is anon-profit professional association of musicologists and other individuals working in the fieldof musicology.The main purpose of the Society is to promote the profession of musicology andto cooperate with organisations and institutions in the field of

128、musicology and other relatedfields.Jeunesses Musicales Slovenia(Zveza glasbene mladine Slovenije),founded in 1969,plays avaluable role in the development of professional musicians by giving young people their firstperformances on concert stages,organising presentations abroad,and participating inint

129、ernational orchestras,choirs,and music camps.In its wide range of activities,the orchestrapays particular attention to the preservation and updating of folk music traditions.Glasbena matica Music Society,founded in 1872,focuses on classical vocal music and concertorganisation,vocal education,and mus

130、ic publishing.It enters the contemporary Sloveniancultural space by organising concerts of unaccompanied songs,vocal-instrumental concerts,production of musical-play performances for children,organising singing education andpublishing music editions and CDs.The Copyright Agency of Slovenia(Avtorska

131、agencija za Slovenijo),founded in 1955,providesadministrative,accounting,and legal support to authors in their relations with thecommissioners and users of their works so that they can devote themselves as much aspossible to their creative work.23The National University Library(NUK)The library was e

132、stablished by a decree released byEmpress Maria Theresa in 1774.In 1941,the University Library moved into a new monumentalbuilding designed by the Slovenian architect Joe Plenik.Its key mission is to collect,protect,and enable the use of the national collection of library materials,to provide profes

133、sionalsupport to libraries in performing public service,and to support the national bibliographicsystem.SIGIC and NUK cooperate regularly in the field of digitalisation.24Concert activity in Slovenia has seemingly recovered from the consequences of the Covid-19pandemic.The ticket sales in 2023 show

134、that the number of visitors and concerts has returnedand in part has already exceeded the pre-Covid-19 period.(see also chapter 2.2.)4.1.Live Music Industry in FiguresThe IPF data on the recorded number of events from 2019 to 2022 show that we have not yetreached the value from 2019(IFP,2022).The da

135、ta collected by SIGIC indicate a similar trend,but the difference is in the starting values for 2019.SIGIC also has data for 2023,which alreadyindicates that we have approached the pre-COVID-19 values in terms of the number of events.The data comparison is shown in Table 1.4.Live Music Sector225Tabl

136、e 14:The number of events 2019 2023.Source:IPF,SIGIC.IPFSIGIC2019202020212022202302000400060008000SIGIC data for 2023 suggests that the number of events is still rising and slowly approaching2019 values.4.2.Music FestivalsJust over a decade ago,Slovenia was undergoing a process of festivalisation,wi

137、th more than200 festivals per two million inhabitants.In public debates,the reasons for this proliferation offestivals have been attributed to the growing private initiative in the field of culture,the effortsof many Slovenian cities to enrich their cultural pulse by attracting tourists(cultural tou

138、rism),and substantial European funding for this purpose.A significant number of festivals in Slovenia are subsidisedby the Ministry of Culture and/or municipalities.The number of festivals has decreased inrecent years,partly due to the COVID-19 pandemic and because many festivals lacked a clearprogr

139、amme direction.Sometimes the name festival was misused to facilitate fundraising ormarketing opportunism.The Ministry of Culture currently funds around 30 music festivals and 20 concert series throughits four-year programme and project funding schemes.Many festivals and concert series aresubsidised

140、by municipalities.There is no regional level of funding in Slovenia.Festivals differaccording to the following criteria:organiser,musical genre,size,location,local/international,type of funding,etc.According to the data of the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia,there were 187festivals in

141、 2022,this includes dance and theatre festivals and an estimated third of these aremusic festivals.The number includes institutions with cultural activities on stage(Table 15).Wecan see that the total number of festivals in 2022 has decreased since 2016.26Year2022202120202019201820172016All187192174

142、237241241230Cultural spaces126155139192192200192Theatre,opera31242228292426Musicinstitutions30131317201712Table 15:Festivals in institutions with cultural activities on stage,2016-2022Source:Statistical Office of the Republic of SloveniaNotable Slovenian international festivals include:Jazz festival

143、 LjubljanaEuropes oldest continually running jazz festival.Its first edition dates back to 1960.Jazzfestival Ljubljana received the 2018 Europe Jazz Network Award for a daring program.Time:One week at the end of June or the beginning of July every year.Capacity:3000-4000 festival visitors(7000 in 20

144、23/notable international act)Notable international acts:Pat Metheny(US),Benjamin Clementine(UK),John Zorn(US),TheThing(SE),Hamid Drake(US),Maria Schneider&Big band RTV Slovenia(FR,SI),VlatkoStefanovski&Simone Zanchini(MK,IT).Druga GodbaA global music festival that is celebrating its 40th edi

145、tion this year.Their mission is torediscover and introduce less well-known musical styles and traditions,alongside big-nameacts on the world and indigenous music scenes,and to explore the intersection between oldand new.Time:10 days at the end of MayCapacity:4000 festival visitorsNotable internation

146、al acts:BCUC(SA),Kimmo Pohjonen(FI),Jambinai(KR),Neneh Cherry(SE),Fatoumata Diawara(ML),Slvia Prez Cruz(ES),Sons of Kemet(UK),Mariza(PT).Metaldays Please note Metaldays announced its permanent cancellation in 2024A heavy metal music festival held annually in Lake Velenje,Velenje,Slovenia.From 2004 t

147、o2022 it was held in Sotoje,Tolmin,Slovenia.The festival has become more popular every yearwith more media coverage,and bands like Megadeth,Slayer,Amon Amarth,Volbeat,Sabaton,and many more play at the festival.Time:End of July and beginning of AugustCapacity:12 000 daily visitorsNotable internationa

148、l acts:Judas Priest(UK),Marilyn Manson(US),Tarja(FI),Testament(UK),Kreator(DE),Helloween(DE),In Flames(SE).Punk Rock Holiday A music festival that takes place annually in August in Tolmin in western Slovenia,a fewkilometres from the Italian border,on the banks of the confluence of the Tolminka and t

149、heSoa.The festival first took place in 2011 and was expanded from four to five days in 2016.Thebands mainly play different types of punk music,ska,hardcore,and metalcore.Time:Beginning of AugustCapacity:5000 daily visitorsNotable international acts:Dropkick Murphys(US),NOFX(US),Toy Dolls(UK),Pigs Pa

150、rlament(SI),Satanic Surfers(SE).Sajeta Sajeta Art&Music Festival is a place of encounter for various artistic practices and experienceswith music as its central component.The Sajeta stages welcome diverse musical genres suchas electronic music,jazz,rock,ethnic,or classical with experimentation a

151、nd creativity at theircore.The festival takes place on the banks of the confluence of the Tolminka and the Soa.Time:Beginning of JulyCapacity:1500 festival visitorsNotable international acts:Lydia Lunch(US),The Fall(UK),Mats Gustafsson(SE),WatticanPunk Ballet(ARM).Butik Festival An electronic music

152、festival located in Tolmin at one of the most picturesque festival sites inEurope.Surrounded by the Julian Alps,the confluence of the emerald-green Soa River and theice-cold Tolminka River provides a breathtaking backdrop for a unique festival experience.27Time:middle of JulyCapacity:3000 daily visi

153、tors Notable international acts:Gerd Janson(DE),Etapp Kyle(UA),Terence Fixmer(FR),Francescodel Garda(IT),Andrey Pushkarev(RU),Arapu(RO),Mama Snake(DK).Festival Lent Maribor A major arts festival held for approximately two weeks at the end of June annually in Maribor,Slovenia.Organised by the Narodni

154、 dom Cultural Center every year the festival attracts theatre,opera,ballet performers,classical,modern,and jazz musicians and dancers from all over theworld.There are also mimes,magicians,and acrobats performing during the festival.Time:end of JuneCapacity:300 000 festival visitorsNotable internatio

155、nal acts:Mercedes Sosa(ARG),Dr.John(US),David Byrne(US),Eric Burdon&The Animals(US),Shibusa Shirazu Orchestra(JP),aban Bajramovi(RS),The Dubliners(IE).Festival Ljubljana Held between July and August in Ljubljana,the capital of Slovenia.It attracts notable operastars,ballet and theatre performers

156、,and also eminent rock and jazz musicians internationallywho perform at the festival.Time:from 21.June to mid-September,and the Winter editionCapacity:80 000 festival visitorsNotable international acts:Anna Netrebko(RU,AUT),Zubin Mehta(US),Ennio Morricone(IT),Riccardo Muti(IT),Jonas Kaufmann(DE).Fes

157、tival Jazz Cerkno Concentrates on quality music and performers from all over the world.The emphasis is onmiscellaneous shapes of jazz,especially on music,that is overcoming frames of individualgenres and seeking new directions.Time:middle of MayCapacity:500 daily visitorsNotable international acts:P

158、aal Nilssen-Love(NO),The Necks(AU),Orchester 33 (AU),MarcRibot(US),Oholo!(SI).Floating Castle Takes place in the picturesque surroundings of the Snenik Castle.It started in 2013 as theBurning Castle Festival,derived from the experience of the HISTeRIA Festival(held in Istria).This congenial meeting

159、of artists and various communities is an open-ended project from startto finish,and could best be described as a folk-puppet-music-theatre site-specific event.It isalso famous for its orchestra with more than 100 members from all around the world,called the“Etno Histeria World Orchestra”.Time:end of

160、 JulyCapacity:1500 daily visitors28Notable international acts:Perija(MK),Tygroo(CZ),Wild Strings Trio(SI,SK,FR),HannahJames(UK),Old Salt(US),Fekete Seretlek(CZ).Festival Radovljica Known for its emphasis on early music,but for many years it has also included rarelyperformed music from the nineteenth

161、 and twentieth centuries,often on period instruments.The concerts are held in the town called Radovljica,in Radovljica Manor House.During thefestival,they also hold workshops with renowned music educators.Time:Each year in AugustCapacity:1900 festival visitorsNotable international acts:Emma Kirkby(U

162、K),James Bowman(UK),Pierre Hanta(FR),Andrew Lawrence-King(UK),Pino De Vittorio(IT),Hanna Marti(CH).SONICA A Ljubljana-based music festival that champions diverse niche trajectories in contemporarymusic experimental,electronic,modern classical,avant-garde,and transgenre and soundart.Established in 20

163、09 by MoTA Museum of Transitory Art,it is the Slovenian festival with thelongest tradition in the fields of niche electronic music and transdisciplinary art practices,collaborating with musicians,composers,DJs,visual and intermedia artists,VJs,designers,sculptors,curators,and theoreticians.Time:This

164、 year in April 2024Capacity:1000 throughout the festivalNotable international acts:William Basinski(US),Alessandro Cortini(IT),Marina Rosenfeld(US),Tim Hecker(CA),Fennesz(AT),Jan Jelinek(DE),Aisha Devi(CH).Forum nove glasbe Organises concerts and festivals of music of various periods and genres,with

165、 a particularemphasis on contemporary musical creativity.It is informing the Slovenian public aboutproblems and progress in the field of contemporary music.Forum nove glasbe works incooperation with top domestic and foreign performers.Time:each year in NovemberCapacity:600 festival visitorsNotable i

166、nternational acts:Megumi Kasakawa(JP),Klangforum Wien(AT),Joonas Ahonen(FI).Festival Maribor Focusing on classical music.It regularly collaborates with the Slovenian PhilharmonicOrchestra,the SNG Maribor Symphony Orchestra,the Chamber String Orchestra of theSlovenian Philharmonic,and many other loca

167、l and renowned international soloists.Time:each year in the middle of SeptemberCapacity:2150 at 10 concerts Notable international acts:Ensemble Modern(DE),Nika Gori(SI),Amarcord Wien(AT).29Imago SloveniaeImago Sloveniae was established in 1998 with the aim of promotion and development ofSlovenian ar

168、t,decentralisation of the high-quality cultural offer,establishment of aninternational cultural network and revitalization of architectural heritage through live culture.It has been providing old town centres,and historical and sacred buildings with exquisitecultural and artistic content ever since.

169、Every year,it connects over 20 municipalities,townsand places from all parts of Slovenia,as well as from Slovenian borderland,and abroad.Time:Summer festival in August,events during the whole yearCapacity:60 000 festival visitorsNotable international acts:Sijavu Gadjijev(AZ),Barcelona Gypsy Klezmer

170、Orchestra(ES),Corde Noies de lOrfe Catal(ES)Seviqc BreiceFestival with concerts of early music hosting top artists from all over the world in the historicalvenues of Slovenia.Time:each year in August and events during the yearCapacity:500 festival visitorsNotable international acts:European Union Ba

171、roque Orchestra(EU),Accentus Austria(AT),Divna Ljubojevi(RS)MENT Slovenias first showcase festival and conference,organised since 2014.For a more detaileddescription look at point 3.2.of this document-Industry Events and Conferences.Time:Each year in FebruaryCapacity:6000 festival visitorsNotable in

172、ternational acts:La Femme(FR),Los Bitchos(UK),KOIKOI(RS),IMMORTAL ONION(PL),Tolstoys(SK),Alyona Alyona(UA).Beer and Flowers Festival(Festival Pivo in cvetje)The biggest festival of popular music in Slovenia is taking place in Lako.It was founded in 1964and features the best Slovenian popular and ent

173、ertaining artists and international guests.Time:Each year in JulyCapacity:45 000 festival visitorsNotable international acts:Boney M(DE),Joker Out(SI),Samantha Fox(UK),Petar Grao(HR),Jan Plestenjak(SI).Festival AvsenikFestival of the music of Avsenik and the folk-entertainment music.In three festiva

174、l days,itpresents over 20 Slovenian and foreign bands.The festival audience is international,withpeople mostly arriving from Germany,Austria,and Switzerland.Time:Late August Capacity:2500 festival visitorsNotable international acts:Edit Prock(DE),Schwarzwald Krainer(DE),Sao Avsenik band(SI),Perpetuu

175、m jazzile(SI),Die Lungauer(A),Innkreis Baum(A),Zvuci Zagorja(HR).30teverjan A traditional Slovene Oberkrein music festival that takes place on the Italian side of Gorikabrda,on the border between Slovenia and Italy.The festival is a competition.It is open to allensembles that cultivate Slovenian fol

176、k-entertainment music.Time:Each year in JulyCapacity:2000 festival visitorsNotable international acts:Modrijani(SI),Kraki muzikanti(IT),Korenika(A).4.3.Music Venues and ClubsCompared to other European countries,the Slovenian music market is small,yet it boasts agreat variety and diversity of genres.

177、This diversity may be attributed,in part,to a well-established network of venues encompassing large sports arenas,theatres,cultural centres,aswell as local clubs and pubs.With a population of 2,1 million,Slovenia hosts two national operaand ballet theatres,a significant number relative to other Euro

178、pean nations.The largestSlovenian venues,in terms of capacity,are primarily intended for sporting events.The MusicSlovenia website is the central search tool for discovering Slovenian musicians,festivals,venues,studios,labels,agencies,promoters and institutions.Table 16 shows the largest venues in S

179、lovenia,including sports arenas and halls.The followingis a list of venues built for cultural,congress and music purposes.One of the largest culturaland congress venues is Cankarjev dom Ljubljana.Krianke is another important venue inLjubljana,known for its unique architecture and cultural heritage.I

180、t is a distinctiveamphitheatre that hosts concerts,theatre performances and festivals,making a significantcontribution to the capitals already rich cultural life.One of the largest venues on theSlovenian coast is the Portoro Auditorium,which can accommodate up to 2300 people.31Venue/locationCapacity

181、PurposeNotable actsArena StoiceLjubljana14 480 seatssports and musicLeonard Cohen(CA),Sting(UK),2Cellos(SI,HR)Dvorana TivoliLjubljana5500 seats14 000 standingsports and musicBob Dylan(US),Eros Ramazzotti(IT)Dvorana TaborMaribor3900 seatssports and musicPrljavo Kazalite(HR),LaurieAnderson(US)Dvorana

182、BonifikaKoper 4047 seatssports and musicPerpetuum Jazzile(SI),Siddharta(SI)Dvorana Zlato poljeKranj1350 seats/1500standingsports and musicCeca(RS),Vlado Kreslin(SI)Dvorana GolovecCelje3100 seatssports and musicGibonni(HR),Jasmin Stavros(HR)32Media CenterLjubljana3500 standingcultural and congressBlu

183、e yster Cult(US),Gibonni(HR)Cankarjev domLjubljana1545 Gallus hallcultural and congressPat Metheny(US),Gilberto Gil(BR),Vienna Philharmonic(AT),The KingsConsort(UK),Jean Rondeau(FR)Avditorij PortoroPortoro2300 amfiteatercultural and congressRichard Galliano(FR),Robert Plant(UK),Gilberto Gil(BR)Krian

184、keLjubljana1226 seats 3400 standingculturalPat Metheny(US),Gregory Porter(US),The Dubliners(IE)CvetliarnaLjubljana1500 standingmusic venueHindi Zahra(MA),Mario Biondi(IT),Benny Benassi(IT)Dvorana GolovecCelje3100 seatssports and musicGibonni(HR),Jasmin Stavros(HR)Table 16:Large venues in Slovenia(ca

185、pacity over 1000)Slovenia has twenty national theatres.In addition to their programming activities,they alsorent space for commercial purposes.Other important venues are the cultural centres.They arespread all over the country.The capacity of cultural centres ranges from 150 to almost 600seats.They

186、are organised by the Association of Cultural Centres and Institutions of SloveniaKUDUS.They host subscription programmes and rent space to external organisers.The goodthing about cultural centres is that they have a local audience that is constantly fed by events.In this case,they are also very well

187、-equipped venues.There are about 46 significant culturalcentres in Slovenia.Table 2 gives an overview of relevant national theatres and the most activecultural centres.Venue/locationCapacityPurposeNotable actsSlovene National TheatreMaribor800 seats main hallopera,ballet,dramaEdward Clug(SI/RO),Simo

188、nRobinson(UK),Botjan Lipovek(SI)Slovene National TheatreOpera and Ballet LjubljanaLjubljana526 seatsopera,balletFuat Mansurov(RU),WolfgangScheidt(AT),Renato Zanella(IT)Slovenian PhilharmonicBuildingLjubljana507 seats main hallmusicCarlos Kleiber(DE/AT),RichardoMutti(IT),Marcin Dylla(PL)Slovene Natio

189、nalTheatreDramaLjubljana434 seats big hall,100seats small halldrama,musicBossa de Novo(SI),Severa Gjurin(SI),Vasko Atanasovski(SI)Ljubljana City Theatre-SiTiTeaterLjubljana327 main hall,80seats small hall andstudio 50 seatsmusic,comedyBig Band RTV Slovenia and otherSlovenian artists33Preeren Theatre

190、 KranjKranj252 seatsdramaSlovenian performersCUK Kino ikaLjubljana932 standing mainhall(Katedrala)music,cultureTiger Lillies(UK),Altn Gn(NL),Anderson Paak(US)Kulturni dom Nova GoricaNova gorica364 seatscultural centreAlbana Berg(AT),Andy SheppardTrio(UK),Giuseppe Guarrera(IT),Kammersymphonie Berlin(

191、DE)Narodni dom MariborMaribor353 main hallcultural centreThe Basel Chamber Orchestra(CH),bne Quartet(FR),EnglishChamber Orchestra(UK)Kosovel Cultural CentreSeana437 seatscultural centreDivanhana(BA),MitteleuropaOrchestra(IT),Lovro Pogoreli(HR),Joven Orquesta de Jan(ES)Delavski dom TrbovljeTrbovlje42

192、2 seatscultural centreSlovenian performersDom kulture VelenjeVelenje374 sets+52 balconycultural centrePavao Mai(HR),Sanja Anastasia(RS),Ulrich Cornelius Maier(DE)Zavod Novo mesto-Kulturnicenter Janeza TrdineNovo mesto366 seats(JanezaTrdine hall)cultural centreMohammad Reza Mortazavi(IR),Aziza Brahim

193、(EH),Raphael Roginski(PL),irom(SI)Table 17:Medium size venues in Slovenia(capacity between 200 and 1000)Smaller venues include youth centres.These are spread around the country and have acapacity of one hundred to two hundred people.This category of venues is particularlyimportant for the independen

194、t music scene.Metelkova,for example,with its alternativesubcultural milieu,is the focal point for independent artists,musicians and creators.Sloveniasbars and pubs also offer a diverse musical and cultural experience.Ljubljanas Prulek,with itsrelaxed atmosphere and varied music programme,hosts live

195、performances and DJ nights.OrtoBar is the place to be for alternative music and rock lovers,with concerts by local andinternational bands.Maribors tuk is one of the biggest and most popular clubs in Maribor,offering not only night parties and concerts,but also other cultural events and theme nights

196、fordifferent musical tastes.Ljubljanas Club K4 is a popular gem thats been the bedrock ofSlovenias underground scene for four decades.Venue/locationCapacityPurposeNotable actsMetelkovaLjubljanaGala Hala:350,Channel Zero:180,Menza pri Koritu:400,KlubGromka:180,Jalla Jalla:70Many smallerclub venuesNOF

197、X(US),The Ex(NL),Lee ScratchPerry(JM),Mad Professor(UK),Damo Suzuki(JP)Orto BarLjubljanaOrto klub:150,Orto Hala:450Small venuePaul Gilbert(US),Before The Dawn(FI),Conan(UK),Mizar(MK)34MetelkovaLjubljanaGala Hala:350,Channel Zero:180,Menza pri Koritu:400,KlubGromka:180,Jalla Jalla:70Many smallerclub

198、venuesNOFX(US),The Ex(NL),Lee ScratchPerry(JM),Mad Professor(UK),Damo Suzuki(JP)Orto BarLjubljanaOrto klub:150Orto Hala:check spaceSmall venuePaul Gilbert(US),Before The Dawn(FI),Conan(UK),Mizar(MK)tukMaribor700 standingSmall venueJuno Reactor(UK),Psihomodo Pop(HR),Repetitor(RS)K4LjubljanaEstimate 8

199、00Small venueRichie Hawtin(UK),Jeff Mills(US),Onur zer(TR),James Cole(HU)MC Pekarna,AGDGustavMariborAbout 200 Small venueFilip Motovunski(CR),Benighted(FR),Thosar(GR)PrulekLjubljana60 seats/100 standingBarSun-Mi Hong(KR),Hojsak&NovoselDuo(CR),Guido Spannocchi Quartet(UK)CMKKoper200 standing/100

200、seatsYouth centreKOIKOI(RS),Miki Solus(CR),Baptiste Lagrave(FR),Vu Garde(AT)Layerjeva hiaKranjStolp krlovec:100 SeatsSmall venueFoltin(MK),Karpov not Kasparov(RO),Mihly Borbly Quartet(HU)TrainStationSubArtKranj300 people standingSmall venueManu Chao(FR),Tinariwen(ML),Ozric Tentacles(UK),Seth(FR)KluB

201、arKranj150 standingBarVesna Pisarovi(HR),Divlje Jagode(BA),Riblja orba(RS)MostovnaNova GoricaEstimate 700Youth centreGab De La Vega(IT),Toni Alvarez(ES),Dark Tranquillity(SE)MCCCelje200 standingYouth centreDenis&Denis(HR),S.A.R.S.(RS),Gibnoza(SE)MIKKMurska Sobota200 standingYouth centreIndignity

202、(PL),Vermocracy(AT),Portron Portron Lopez(FR)MKNIlirska Bistrica200 standingYouth centreTromatism(FR),Inferno(DE),HeliosCreed(US)MC KotlovnicaKamnik120 standingYouth centreTulsadoom(AT),Stray Dogg(RS),Bistro Boy(IS)MCPPostojna100 standingYouth centreOttone Pesante(IT),BlackboxRed(NL),Sad Neutrino Bi

203、tches(DE)eMCe placVelenje200 StandingYouth centreUltra-Violence(IT),Frenkie(BA),Vorva(RU)35Klub ZakonVrhnika100 standingYouth centreThe Bambi Molesters(HR),Chris&Carla(US),Edo Maajka(BA)Pri Rdei Ostrigikofja Loka150 people standingYouth centreSeine(HR),Smoke Mardeljano(RS),Elektro Guzzi(AT)KMKC

204、KompleksRavne na Korokem100 seats/250 standingYouth centreMaja Mannila Trio(FI),Jort Terwijnnder(NL),The HammondMessengers(AT)Table 18:Smaller venues(capacity 200 or less).4.4.Promoters and Booking AgentsIn general,promoters are responsible for organising and promoting music events,whilebooking agen

205、ts are responsible for booking the acts.In Slovenia,however,the line cansometimes be blurred,although there has been more of a separation between the two inrecent years.The main players in the Slovenian music content market include bothindependent and larger organisations.The usual steps in promotin

206、g a music event in Slovenia are:Identifying the target audience and choosing a suitable venue.1.Obtaining the necessary permits and sorting out the logistical details.2.Creating promotional materials such as posters,flyers and digital adverts.3.Promoting the event through various channels including

207、social media,radio stations andwebsites.4.Working with local media and influencers to raise awareness of the event.5.Managing ticketing and distribution channels.6.Booking agents on the other hand:Communicate with potential artists and arrange their appearance.1.Sign contracts and arrange the logist

208、ical details of the performance.2.Arrange promotion of the performer as part of the event.3.Foreign organisers wishing to hold an event in Slovenia are advised to work with local agenciesor promoters who know the market and have established contacts.Localisation is particularlyimportant.Information

209、on the Slovenian music market and contacts can be obtained fromSIGIC-Slovenian Music Information Centre or through existing industry connections.In addition to promoters and booking agents,other players such as venue owners,technicians,security services,caterers and catering providers are also impor

210、tant for the success of an eventin Slovenia.Working with local partners can facilitate the event and provide a better experiencefor visitors.Slovenias main promoters and agents play a key role in the organisation of music events,concerts and festivals throughout Slovenia.They include institutional/f

211、estival promoters aswell as NGO/festival promoters and private promoters.Institutional/Festival PromotersCankarjev dom/Jazz Festival Ljubljana Cankarjev dom is the central cultural and congresscentre in Slovenia.Also,the Jazz festival Ljubljana known as the oldest continually running jazzfestival in

212、 Europe is held under its auspices.Notable international acts:John Zorn,Pat Metheny,Mats Gustafsson,Kimmo Pohjonen,Grigory Sokolov,Juya Wang,numerous renowned Symphony and Philharmonic orchestras andconductors,Ensemble Modern,etc.Ljubljana Festival The Ljubljana Festival is considered one of the mos

213、t important cultural andart institutions in this part of Europe.The main event organised by the Ljubljana Festival is theinternational summer festival(symphonic and chamber concerts,as well as opera,ballet,andtheatre performances featuring first-class foreign and domestic artists).Notable internatio

214、nal acts:Anna Netrebko,Ute Lemper,Edward Clug,Royal ConcertgebouwOrchestra with Ivn Fischer,etc.NGO/Festival PromotersFestival Radovljica is known for its emphasis on early music,often on period instruments.Renowned soloists and orchestras:Christophe Coin,Anne Freitag,Alex Potter,DomenMarini,Festiva

215、l Baroque Orchestra,etc.Druga godba is one of the most prominent music festivals in Central Europe on a mission torediscover and introduce less well-known musical styles and traditions.Notable acts:Mulatu Astatke,Cesria vora,Ibrahim Malouf,Aziza Brahim,Kimmo Pohjonen,Rokia Traor,Salif Keita,Bombino,

216、etc.Zavod Sploh is oriented towards developing,staging,establishing,and reflecting musicalpractices of improvisation,contemporary composition,and sound and technologicalexperiments.Notable acts:works and projects of Matej Bonin,Tilen Lebar,Jonas Kocher,Toma Grom,Mieko Shiomi,Maryanne Amacher,Elisabe

217、th Schimana,Beatriz Ferreyra,etc.MoTA is a multidisciplinary platform dedicated to advancing the research,production,andpresentation of transitory,experimental,and live art forms.SONICA festival is held under itsauspices.Notable acts:Jozef van Wissem,Hildur Gunadttir,Charlemagne Palestine,etc.Zavod

218、Jazz Cerkno works on the organisation and promotion of musical events andconcentrates on quality music and performers from all over the world.The emphasis is onmiscellaneous shapes of jazz,especially on music,that is overcoming frames of individualgenres and seeking for new directions.Notable acts:M

219、arc Ribot,Elisabeth Harnik,Aki Takase,Paal Nilssen-Love,Han Bennink,etc.Jazz Ravne is an organiser of concerts,educational events,and other activities,tied to jazz.Notable acts:Kevin Mahogany,Elliott Sharp,Mamadou Diabate,etc.36Defonija is an elusive and often unpredictable musical selection of a wi

220、de palette ofoutstanding,fresh,intriguing,and in-between music.Notable acts:include Marc Ribot,The Ex,Miman,etc.KUD Mrea carries out a rather wide range of cultural programs,from running art galleries andpromoting concerts.Notable acts:Anders Filipsen,Birch Cooper,Brenna Murphy,Rob Canning,Tizia Zim

221、mermann.Zavod CONA is a producer and promoter of contemporary art projects merging different fieldsof creativity,mainly classified in multimedia and musical arts.Notable acts:Thomas Gorbarch,Amanda Gutirrez,David Rothenberg,etc.Dirty Skunks represents various alternative music genres like metal,hard

222、core,and punk.Notable acts:Behemoth,Exodus,Let3,Kataklysm,etc.Private PromotersROK booking&managementRok Koir is a music manager and concert organiser.Notable acts:performing in Roks living room(Pinelina dnevna soba)include AnthonyColeman,Tony Buck,Russ Barenberg,Chris Eckmann,Ernst Reijseger,Ki

223、ng Ayisoba,etc.Moonlee records is an independent record label organising shows and tours for Moonleebands in Slovenia and abroad.Notable acts:Borghesia,Repetitor,KOIKOI,Kleemar,Nikki Louder,Damir Avdi,etc.Kataman.org is a music production,promotion,and action company presenting domestic andinternati

224、onal acts like Andrea Belfi,Jaka Berger,Teho Teardo,Matt Elliot,Nonkeen,LjubomyrMelnyk,etc.Im.puls is a music management agency founded by Niko Houka.It represents top foreign anddomestic acts like Artis Quartett Wien(A),Gottlieb Wallisch(A),Aleksandar Serdar(RS),AntalZalai(HU).Koda events is a spec

225、ialised company for the organisation of music and events in Slovenia andabroad.Notable acts:40 Fingers,Petar Grao,Siddharta,etc.Agencija GIG is a music agency representing or working with more than 200 Slovenian andforeign performers.Notable acts:Oto Pestner,Uro Peri,Avtomobili,Balkan Boys,etc.Sonic

226、Tribe is a 360 music agency representing notable acts like Thomas March Collective,Batista Cadillac,Masharik,C.A.T.,etc.For a more comprehensive list please refer to Music Slovenia or contact SIGIC.37 4.5.Organising a Tour or Gig38Slovenias Market&Tour StrategiesThe Slovenian market is small.Org

227、anising a tour or performance in Slovenia depends on theartists goals and profile.Artists can work with public institutions,the club scene(NGOs,associations)or private producers.When performing for free,artists can get three or fourbookings in Slovenia in one tour,but when performing for money,organ

228、isers are likely todemand exclusivity.As a result,tour operators will focus on the entire region,especiallyneighbouring and nearby countries such as Croatia,Austria,Serbia,etc.Experience has shownthat it is not a bad idea to play only one concert in Slovenia first,as the artist will probably playin

229、a bigger venue the next time.Slovenia is a transit country and strategic planning of tours orconcert organisations plays an important role.Planning Event TimelinesWhen working with public institutions,events should be planned at least six months in advanceand club concerts two to three months in adv

230、ance.Transportation in SloveniaThe public transport system is not ideal.There are public buses,taxis and shuttles from theairport to the capital,however,a rental car or van is needed to get around the country.Performance ConditionsIn general,the conditions for performing in Slovenia are very good,th

231、e organisers areresponsible and professional and stick to the agreements.There are no special administrativeobstacles for foreign musicians seeking to perform in Slovenia.State Subsidies in MusicMuch of the Slovenian music scene is subsidised by the state.Individuals can apply for thestatus of artis

232、t,with the state paying the artists compulsory social and health insurancecontributions.At the same time,they can apply for funding through public tenders and carryout their cultural projects or programmes(applies to legal entities).Most venues also receivesubsidies.As a result,concert organisers do

233、 not suffer any financial loss from organising orproducing concerts.This applies only to Slovenian artists and organisers,and only to the partof the music scene that depends on public funding(so-called popular music and entertainmentbusinesses are usually independent of public funding).Subsidies:Pro

234、s and ConsIn general,public subsidies have both positive and negative effects.For example,eventscontinue to be funded even if the number of visitors is low.An expensive artist may perform fora half-empty venue.What would be seen as a loss of income from the perspective of a privateinvestor becomes l

235、ess problematic in the context of realising the public interest in culture.Reporting to funders on the implementation of cultural programmes is mandatory,but notevaluated in terms of justifying the financial investment.The result is a high number of eventsper capita,in which Slovenia probably ranks

236、very high in Europe.The recorded music sector in Slovenia,much like in other parts of the world,plays a crucial rolein the music industry ecosystem,encompassing the production,distribution,and consumptionof recorded music.Slovenia,a European nation with a rich cultural heritage,has a music scenethat

237、 reflects both its unique traditions and influences from broader international trends.Heresa brief introductory summary of the recorded music sector in Slovenia and its main featuresand trends:5.Recorded Music Sector239Size and Market DynamicsSlovenia boasts a relatively small but vibrant music mark

238、et compared to largerEuropean countries.Despite its size,it has a diverse musical landscape,rangingfrom traditional folk music to contemporary pop,rock,electronic,and alternativegenres.The market size is influenced by factors such as population size(2,1 mln),economic conditions,and digital adoption

239、rates.Digital TransformationLike elsewhere,the recorded music sector in Slovenia has undergone significantdigital transformation over the past decade.Digital music consumption,includingstreaming and downloads,has become increasingly prevalent,leading to changesin distribution models and revenue stre

240、ams.Streaming platforms such as Spotify,Apple Music,YouTube and Deezer are popular among Slovenian music listeners.Independent Music SceneSlovenia has a thriving independent music scene,characterised by a plethora oftalented artists,bands,and labels.Independent artists often leverage digitalplatform

241、s and social media to reach audiences both domestically andinternationally.This scene fosters creativity,diversity,and innovation,contributing to the richness of Slovenias musical landscape.Challenges and OpportunitiesDespite its strengths,the recorded music sector in Slovenia faces challenges sucha

242、s piracy,market fragmentation,and competition from global players.However,there are also opportunities for growth,including expanding internationalcollaborations,harnessing digital technologies for distribution and marketing,andfostering a supportive ecosystem for emerging talent.In order to increas

243、e business opportunities and maximise revenues,bigger record companiestend to create their music publishing divisions and associate closely with music producers,agents and media.In some instances,they try to enforce 360 deals with artists.A recent article on Slovenian music publishing by Slovenian m

244、usic journalist Igor Bain isrecommended.5.1.Recorded Music Industry in FiguresThere are several phonogram producers in Slovenia.The biggest are NIKA,ZKP RTV Slovenija,MENART,and DALLAS.Smaller phonogram producers include Zaloba Kreslin,Zaloba ObzorjaHelidon,Zaloba Vox,and Zaloba Zlati zvoki.The four

245、 biggest(Nika,Menart,Dallas,ZKP RTV)cover most of the scene.The share of smaller record companies and publishers is negligible.Allphonogram producers together generate 4 million in turnover per year,mostly from publicperformance and streaming.Sales of physical media account for around 5%and are negl

246、igible.Most of the revenue is generated by the major record labels Nika,Menart,ZKP and Dallas.The IPF has data on the number of issued phonograms from the entire sector.Labels andpublishers have information about what goes on in terms of CDs,LPs,platforms,and radios.However,this data is not collecte

247、d centrally.According to the IPF report,at the end of 2022,almost 94 000 domestic registered phonogramsand more than 360 000 registered phonograms issued abroad were in the IPF register whichwere also used in some format.Table 1 shows the number of Slovenian new phonogramsregistered each year.40Numb

248、er of phonograms202220212020201920182017201620150,0000,5001,0001,5002,0002,5003,000Encouragingly,the number of events in 2022 increased,leading to the addition of almost 2000registered programs to the IPF database where phonograms were used publicly.For 2022,unfortunately,no increase in the use of S

249、lovenian music in the public broadcasting media canbe noted.The share of Slovenian music in the media is regulated by the law,which determinesthe minimum volume of broadcasting(quota)for public and commercial media(see alsochapter 7.3.).Table 19:Number of new Slovenian phonograms registered each yea

250、r/Source:IPF Annual Report 2022 5.2.Main Actors in the Recorded Music Industry The Association of the Phonographic Industry of Slovenia lists about 40 labels,however,inreality there are many more labels that are present and active.The list of active labels can befound here.Nika Records is the exclus

251、ive representative of the Warner Music catalogue in Slovenia.Therich foreign catalogue is complemented by domestic releases such as Laibach,Siddharta,BigFoot Mama,Koala Voice,Dubioza Kolektiv,Bu Kesidi,etc.Another important activity of thecompany is the distribution of the catalogue to stores.They s

252、upply distribution partners suchas OMV,Pota Slovenije,Mercator and Big Bang to over five hundred points of sale throughoutSlovenia.Menart Records is a full-service record label that has the exclusive Sony Music licence for theterritories of Slovenia,Croatia,Serbia,Bosnia and Herzegovina,Macedonia,Mo

253、ntenegro,andAlbania.As a domestic label,Menart has grown in Slovenia to the leading company in popularmusic dominating sales and airplay charts with acts such as Dan D,Siddharta,Tabu,JanPlestenjak,Magnifico,Niet,and Kingston.Dallas Records is one of the first independent record labels in Slovenia an

254、d,with its sistercompany Mars Music,is present throughout the former Yugoslavia.For seventeen years,Dallashas been a partner and agent of EMI Records.Today,Dallas Records is mainly involved indiscography and in raising the profile of artists in the region,such as Laibach,Severina,HelenaBlagne,Alenka

255、 Godec,Gibonni,and more.Universal Slovenia is the exclusive representative of Universal Musics catalogue for Slovenia.They started with the local label in 2016,releasing Zalagasper,Klemen Slakonja,and Tabu.ZKP RTV(ZKP RTV Slovenija)takes care of all musical genres,including rock,pop,chanson,folk,eth

256、nic and folk music,jazz,classical,and contemporary music,whether it is chamber,symphonic,choral or opera music.It is closely related to radio and television programs interms of promotional added value,restoration and release of valuable audio and videoarchives,and support for new projects.Society of

257、 Slovene Composers(Drutvo slovenskih skladateljev,DSS)systematically publishessound recordings of works by Slovenian composers(Ars Slovenica),members of DSS,andcompositions(printed,digital)by Slovene composers(Muzicije DSS).Much of indie and alternative music is released by smaller independent label

258、s,such as MonleeRecords(Repetitor,KOIKOI),Glitterbeat Records(Tamikrest,Altin Gun),a German label locatedin Slovenia.Celinka Records(Janez Dov,Katja ulc,Patetico)is mostly active in releasing andpromoting Slovenian music.For the past decade and a half,Tresk festival has played an important role in c

259、onnecting musicand local distribution.Tresk provides a more concrete overview of what is happening in thefield of publishing in Slovenia.In a way,Tresk makes up for the lack of record shops in the 41country today,and also for the fact that there are no one-stop shops for local musicdistribution,as o

260、f yet.There are several private labels in the field of Slovene Oberkrein music.Zaloba Avsenikreleases the compositions of the Avsenik brothers in various bands,as well as the music of theyounger generation of the Avseniks;Slavko Jr.,Gregor and Sao.Another label Zlati zvokireleases music from various

261、 Slovene Oberkrein or folk entertainment bands.On the regional level(the EX-YU territory),some Slovenian labels are active in RUNDA-Regional association of independent discographers Balkan,which is also a member of IMPALA-a European organisation for independent music companies and national associati

262、ons.5.3.Digital DistributionSpotify entered the Slovenian market in 2020.Platforms like Deezer,TIDAL,YouTube Music,and Apple Music are also available.Indicative data on the number of subscribers and users ofstreaming platforms in Slovenia in 2023 are shown in Table 20.42Streaming platform/channelSub

263、scribersUsersSpotify61 000130 000YouTube Premium1700/YouTube/140 000AppleMusic40000/Deezer3000*/Tidal1400/*free of charge for users of services of A1 telecommunicationsTable 20:Subscribers and users of streaming platforms and channels(January,2023).Source:Centralala Slovenska glasba nadosegu dlani:p

264、omen platform za pretakanje glasbe(2024,only in slovenian)The main digital music distributors used in Slovenia are Distrokid,CD Baby,The Orchard,TuneCore,Believe,and Amuse.Currently,there is no Slovenian digital music distributor.Bandcamp is also an important platform for Slovene musicians to promot

265、e their music.5.4.Physical DistributionPhysical distribution has declined in the last decade as a result of global trends.However,somespecialised shops are still selling CDs and vinyl.They work with labels regarding thedistribution of new releases and some of them also sell second-hand merchandise.E

266、xamples of some of these specialised shops include:HartmanSpin VinylBig Nose ent.GramofonotekaZOSO Nova GoricaMajor record labels like Nika Records and Menart have deals with gas stations(Petrol),nationalpostal service(Pota Slovenije),and shopping malls like Mller and Big Bang.An informative article

267、 on how to release and distribute a record in Slovenia can be found onNova muska.The article is in Slovenian language only.5.5.Collective Management of Neighbouring RightsNeighbouring rights are managed by a joint CMO of performers and phonogram producers(artists and record companies).IPF collects a

268、nd distributes remuneration on behalf of domesticand foreign rights holders.The recordings are registered by either artists or recording owners.The general split betweenartists and recording owners revenues is 50%-50%.Registration of works,rights holders and the usage of the recordings is done by fi

269、lling out theforms available at IPF.IPF accounts and distributes the foreign rights holders revenuesthrough their sister societies(foreign rights holders usually register their recordings with theirown societies).IPF collects remuneration from:public broadcasting and use of recordings in radio broad

270、casting and radio retransmission(radio and TV)public performance(event organisers who use phonograms at concerts,festivities,celebrations,dance events,DJ performances,parties,fairs,sports events,etc.)operators who use music in their business premises(such as hotels,cateringestablishments,discotheque

271、s,shops,hairdressing and beauty salons,fitness centres,etc.)43 5.6.Releasing and Distributing Your Music44Distributing music albums in Slovenia typically follows similar processes to those in othercountries,with a few specific considerations for the Slovenian market.Heres a general outlineof how you

272、 can distribute music albums in Slovenia:Digital Distribution Platforms/Streaming ServicesUtilise digital distribution platforms such as iTunes,Spotify,Google Play Music,Amazon Music,and others.These platforms allow users in Slovenia to purchase or stream music digitally.Youcan either work directly

273、with these platforms or use a digital aggregator like TuneCore,DistroKid,or CD Baby to distribute your music across multiple platforms.Physical DistributionWhile digital distribution dominates the music industry,physical distribution channels are stillrelevant,especially for genres with dedicated fa

274、n bases or for special editions of albums.Workwith local distribution companies or music labels,record stores,music shops,and onlineretailers to distribute physical copies of your albums in Slovenia.Local Music Stores and VenuesBuild relationships with local music stores,venues,and independent recor

275、d shops in Slovenia.These places often support local artists by selling their albums or promoting their music duringevents.Promotion and MarketingPromotion and marketing efforts to increase the visibility of your music in Slovenia includesocial media advertising,collaborations with local influencers

276、 or musicians,organisingconcerts or album launch events,and seeking press coverage from local media outlets.Local Distribution PartnersConsider partnering with local distribution partners.They can provide valuable insights intothe local music scene,help with promotional efforts,and facilitate distri

277、butionPlease note Slovenia is a small market(population:2,1 mln)so the chances of effectivedistribution increase if youre already signed by relevant international record labels.If youre a foreign artist,releasing your music by local record labels is highly unlikely,but notimpossible.There are a few“

278、niche”labels that may support your efforts by releasing yourrecordings.The terms“record label”and“publishing”are often used interchangeably in Slovenian.Theword“publisher”translates to zalonik which also refers to a recording,causing someconfusion.Generally,the publishers do not record songs.They ar

279、e the rights holders to the authors rights.The term“publishing”therefore has a different meaning than the term“record label”,as it is allkinds of marketing of copyrights originating from musical works.However,recent findingsshow that all major Slovenian labels are simultaneously publishers.Labels an

280、d publishers aretypically separate legal entities,for example,affiliated companies.The capacity of the Slovenian publishing industry is limited,however,for the following reasons:Market size-small,relatively closed,and loosely organised market with little or no demandfor cooperation with internationa

281、l artists.Low interest in investing in publishing as a business.Vested interests motivated to maintain the status quo.The Slovenian music sector is disconnected and scattered.6.1.Music Publishing Industry in FiguresThere is no aggregated official data on publishing revenues in Slovenia.It can be est

282、imatedthat roughly publishers earn a total of around 1 750 000 annually from foreign musiccatalogues and around 250 000 from domestic catalogues.Approximate revenue dataaccording to sources are shown in Table 21.6.Music Publishing&Synch Sector45SourceInternational revenues(EUR)Domestic revenues(

283、EUR)SAZAS1 200 000250 000IPF/AIPA250 000/Individual rights management150 000/Permissions for AV use150 000/Total1 750 000250 000Table 21:Estimated annual revenue from publishing in Slovenia.Source:SAZAS,IPF,AIPA 6.2.Main Actors in the Music Publishing IndustryLarger publishers in Slovenia include th

284、e following.AKIN(NIKA)is an affiliated company of the major record label NIKA.AKIN is therepresentative for Warner Chappell Music,Schubert,Weiss in Slovenia,and its owncatalogues.MARS MUSIC(DALLAS)is an affiliated company of the major record label Dallas.MarsMusic is the representative for Sony Musi

285、c Publishing+EMI Music Publishing.MENART is a major record label and publishing company.In publishing,it only representsthe catalogue of Slovenian artists.IMC MP is the representative for Universal Music Publishing in Slovenia.There are no known examples of international artists working exclusively

286、with the Slovenepublishers.There are also smaller publishers in Slovenia,mostly covering niche or genre artistsfrom Slovenia.Some of these include:DSS Slovenian Composers Association(Editions DSS)systematically takes care of theeditions of Slovenian works and their accessibility,also in the form of

287、audio recordings inthe Ars Slovenica record collection.It represents the catalogue of the members of theSociety only.Zaloba Avsenik releases the compositions of the Avsenik brothers in various bands,aswell as the music of the younger generation of the Avseniks;Slavko Jr.,Gregor and Sao.6.3.Collectiv

288、e Management of CopyrightThe Slovenian music market is relatively small and not many international artists andpublishers are focusing on the distribution of their catalogues in Slovenia.Major labels andpublishers are representing catalogues of Warner Chappell Music,Sony Music+EMI Music,Universal Mus

289、ic,Schubert,Weiss,etc.as well as their catalogues.Individuals and legal entities can be members of collective management organisations.Thereare no membership fees,but there are preconditions regarding voting rights.Distributions aredone once a year except for Kopriva,which distributes four times a y

290、ear.6.4.Distributing your Catalogue and Creative CollaborationsInternational artists or companies who want to distribute their catalogue in Slovenia shouldprepare the necessary CWR files and register the catalogue with SAZAS(this is not obligatoryhowever).Publishers can then collect remunerations.6.

291、5.A Brief Overview of the Synch SectorSynch in Slovenia is mostly present in advertising and television(TV series,commercials).Synch rights are licensed primarily on an individual basis with a few exceptions of blanketagreements between rights holders(represented by the record and music publishing 4

292、6companies)and users(mostly TV programs).Further broadcasting and re-transmission use(and collections)is managed by the CMOs.Collective enforcement and securing of the rights of the rights holders is done by CMOs(AIPA,SAZAS,IPF).Regarding music copyrights,AIPA collects copyright royalties for score

293、music only,and SAZAS does the collecting for all other music used in film,TV series,and commercials.IPFcollectively licences the use of recordings in audiovisual productions.Major record labels and publishers,for example,NIKA(AKIN)make synch deals with the audio-visual sector in a way that the right

294、s are not transferred to the audio-visual producer.Thispractice came into force only a few years ago as a result of collective agreement.Film production in Slovenia is limited due to a lack of financial resources.Public funding isavailable for up to two or three feature-length films and as many docu

295、mentaries as a year.As aconsequence,the production of film music is not high.Synch deals are usually made directlybetween film directors and composers.In Slovenia,little is known about gaming,but there arecases of Slovenian music being synched in popular video games.Slovenian Film Centre is the main

296、 funding organisation encouraging creativity in the film andaudio-visual field by creating suitable conditions for film,audiovisual and cinematographicactivities.Their website includes a database with a structural overview of the Slovenian audio-visual sector(titles,people,organisations,materials,aw

297、ards).Another important actor in theaudio-visual sector is the Slovenian Federation of Filmmakers Guilds(ZDSFU).It is an umbrellaprofessional organisation in the field of filmmaking,integrating seven national professionalassociations.Professional music supervisors are engaged in TV production.Synchr

298、onisation ofTV series,for example in the private PRO Plus and national television RTV Slovenija.Ineducation&research,there is the Academy of Theatre,Radio,Film,and Television(AGRFT)implementing undergraduate and postgraduate university programs to train students forprofessions in the fields of t

299、heatre,radio,film,and television.The Synch landscape also includes freelance and SME actors in the field of audio-visualproduction,advertising,and licensing.There are few active music composers and musicsupervisors.Pitching music to advertisers,filmmakers or the gaming sector should be done byrecord

300、 labels and publishers.Since the total volume of audio-visual productions and synchusage is fairly low,in many instances synch initiative is instigated by the audio-visual sectoritself.47Both print and digital media are important for the promotion and/or criticism of music contentin Slovenia.Among p

301、rint media,newspapers and magazines with cultural sections are the mainones to focus on the music scene and publish reviews,interviews,and news about national andinternational music events.Electronic and digital media-online portals and platforms-alsoplay an important role in promoting music,coverin

302、g concerts,and reporting on music news.The approach to the media varies depending on the medium.Access to television usuallyrequires personal contacts and arrangements with editors or producers,while editors for printand online media are often more accessible and quicker to reply to information via

303、email.Working with PR professionals and agencies is almost mandatory,as they have a deeperknowledge of the local market and connections with local media and audiences.Theirknowledge and experience complement national campaigns and contribute to the spread ofmusic culture and the visibility of music

304、events in Slovenia.Some notable examples includeNea Mirnik PR,Mashupmash-Maa Pavokovi,Inja Music-Anja Pavlin,Agencija Glasilka andGregor Zalokar-tricky PR.7.1.Social MediaDatareportal reports the following information about digital adoption and use in Slovenia inearly 2023:There were 1,94 million in

305、ternet users in Slovenia at the start of 2023 when internetpenetration stood at 91,4%.Slovenia was home to 1,64 million social media users in January 2023,equating to 77,4%ofthe total population.A total of 2,33 million cellular mobile connections were active in Slovenia in early 2023,with this figur

306、e equivalent to 110,1%of the total population(Kemp,2023).7.Media and PR248Number of usersFacebookInstagramLinkedInSnapchatTikTokTwitter02000004000006000008000001000000Table 22:Number of users in Slovenia on various social media platforms.Source:Kemp,2023.Datareportal.Social networks are an important

307、 medium for promoting music events.Unsurprisingly,Facebook and Instagram dominate the market,with TikTok being increasingly used.Facebookis the largest social network in Slovenia with 1 million users,followed by Instagram with 0,5million users,TikTok with 400 000,and LinkedIn and X with 200 000 user

308、s.Web visit statistics are measured by MOSS,a syndicated,non-profit survey that has beenconducted under the auspices of the Slovenian Advertising Chamber(SOZ)since 2006.TheMOSS currency is the monthly Slovenian reach of websites,which is published on a monthlybasis.In addition to reach in number and

309、 share,the ranking also contains data on impressionsand trends,as well as the average daily reach and average daily time per visitor.The MOSSsurvey is one of the most accurate surveys available on the Slovenian digital market.There is a general lack of digital reviews on the Slovenian market,in cont

310、rast to neighbouringCroatia,for example.Among smaller music portals,these stand out:rocker.si and odzven.si.7.2.Written Media Print and OnlinePrint media still plays an important role in promoting and attracting audiences forinternational musicians performing in Slovenia.Despite their decreasing rea

311、ch,they have ahigher authority than online media.Publicity,interviews,and reviews in the print media cancontribute to raising the profile of international artists among Slovenian audiences.Among theprint media,newspapers and magazines with cultural sections such as Delo,Dnevnik,Veer,Primorske Novice

312、,and Mladina stand out.These publications concentrate on the music sceneand publish reviews,interviews,and news about national and international music events.Electronic and digital media-online portals,and platforms such as 24.ur,S,zurnal24.si,metropolitan.si,and rtvslo.si-also plays an important ro

313、le in promoting music,coveringconcerts and reporting on music news.There are also smaller portals or online magazines dedicated to music only:Glasna-Glasna is a Slovenian music magazine published by the Slovenian Music YouthAssociation since February 2010.It is published four times a year.Odzven-Slo

314、venian Music Information Centre SIGIC publishes a web music magazine that offers critical reflection and analysis about current musical activities in all genres.RockLine-Rockline is a Slovenian interactive music web portal with daily news,reviews,and concert reports from Slovenia and all of Central

315、Europe.It deals almost exclusivelywith rock and metal music,and the emphasis is on progressive rock and the music of theSlovenian music scene.Paranoid-providing competent information from the world of metal,covering both theinternational as well as local scene.Narodnjak-Daily fresh news from the wor

316、ld of polkas and waltzes and a large amount ofdomestic music.Centralala-Slovenian e-journal for the intersections of improvised music.It is a crossoverand connection point for various fields of free improvised music taking place in Slovenia.49 7.3.RadioTraditional media such as radio and television

317、still play an important role in building audiencesfor Slovenian musicians.They also have a wide reach and influence on the public.According tothe Media Act(ZMed),at least 20%of all music played daily on every radio and televisionprogram must be Slovenian music or musical productions by Slovenian cre

318、ators and re-creators,and at least 40%of all music played daily for each program of RadiotelevisionSlovenia.The share of all music played daily amounts to at least 25%when it comes to radioand television programs of special importance.Quotas were introduced because commercialradio stations mostly pl

319、ayed international music.Share of Slovenian music in radio and TV programmesIn March 2015,IPF k.o.started publishing the share of Slovenian music used in Slovenian radioprogrammes during the daytime.The programmes are ranked according to the share ofSlovenian music played between 6 am and 10 pm.The

320、rankings include all stations that reportthe date and time of the broadcast of individual performances in their news reports andprovide this information for at least 90%of their broadcasts on a monthly basis.In this article,the authors use quantitative and qualitative methods to analyse the presence

321、 ofSlovenian and foreign music in the Slovenian radio and television media.The radio can be a very useful tool for promoting international musicians performing inSlovenia.The most listened-to radio stations are:Radio 1 is the most listened-to radio program in Slovenia.It is a commercial radio statio

322、nplaying mostly international popular music and Slovenian music.Radio Aktual also ranks among the most listened-to Slovenian radio stations.It is acommercial radio station playing popular music.Radio Slovenija-Val 202 is the most listened-to program on the national radio.It playslots of music,and po

323、dcasts,and hosts a very popular“Song of the Week”show.Hitradio Center is a radio station playing international hit songs.Radio City is a radio station playing international hit songs.Rock Radio is playing exclusively international and Slovenian rock music.7.4.TelevisionTo a certain extent,television

324、 is still an important channel for building an audience in Slovenia.Popular international artists who perform in Slovenia are followed by the media and presentedin the cultural section of the evening news,for example in POP IN and Kultura(National TV).Itis rare for an international artist to appear

325、in television shows.There are not many showsdedicated to music except the music-entertainment program on Friday evening(V petekzveer).Typically,they would not host international artists,however,they do regularly hostpopular and entertaining artists.Television is used for promotion on occasions when

326、the sales 50for a bigger concert of an international artist would fall below expectations.It is a paidadvertisement,though and not many organisers have the resources for it.The biggest broadcasters are ProPlus,RTV SLO,Planet TV,and Nova 24TV.A new weekly music television show called 33/45 was recent

327、ly introduced on RTV Slovenia.Itoffers an overview of music events and a presentation of the creators of various musical genres.7.5.Developing a Marketing and PR StrategyMarket analysisIt is important to learn about the Slovenian music market.This includes studying existingtrends,competition,target

328、audience,demographics,preferences,and behavioural patterns.Since Slovenia is a small market,localisation plays an important role in planning.Involvinglocal actors is crucial,as personal relations can aid in media interactions.It is also important toknow which events have taken place recently,which e

329、vents are coming up,and what ishappening at nearby venues in a given timeframe.Identification of key target audienceThink about who the customers are-what they read(media),what they follow(social media),and how active they are in their local environment.Slovenian students,for example,typicallylive i

330、n major cities(Ljubljana,Maribor)during the week,but return home on Fridays orSaturdays.Hence,organising concerts in smaller towns like Ilirska Bistrica,Postojna,etc.canalso be a possibility on weekends.Outdoor advertisingBillboard advertising is still effective.The potential companies to work with

331、are Europlakat,Amicus,Tamtam,Zaslon,and DPG.You can also consider working with municipal(public)companies such as Snaga Ljubljana,Snaga Maribor,and Marjetica Koper.This is importantbecause posting promotional materials is subject to local regulations.Radio and social media gamesFor example,activitie

332、s involving local student clubs with prizes like free tickets.These have astrong presence and are sometimes willing to share a post about the event on their socialnetworks as part of a game.TimelineAdvertising of the event must start at least three months in advance,depending on the size ofthe venue

333、.For Arena Stoice and other venues with a capacity of over 1000 visitors,it would beadvisable to start six months in advance or more.51Overall,the Slovenian music market is too small for foreign artists to consider it as a specifictarget.Nevertheless,it can certainly be considered in a regional strategy aimed at promotingmusic and/or building an audience in the Central and Eastern European region or the Balkans.Slovenias geo-strategic position is often perceiv