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1、 THIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S.GOVERNMENT POLICY Voluntary Report Voluntary-Public Distribution Date:March 20,2025 Report Number:CH2025-0057 Report Name:2025 China Fishery Products Report Country:China

2、-Peoples Republic of Post:Beijing Report Category:Fishery Products Prepared By:FAS China Staff,Ben Boroughs Approved By:Adam Branson Report Highlights:China remained the worlds largest seafood producer in 2024,with production estimated at 74.1 million metric tons(MMT),up 4 percent from 2023.Producti

3、on growth continues to be driven by aquaculture,which,according to official data,increased 4.5 percent year-on-year to 58.1 MMT.In 2024 seafood imports fell compared to the record high set in 2023 but were the second highest on record in volume terms at 4.4 MMT,and third highest in value terms at$17

4、.7 billion,driven primarily by imports of fresh and frozen fish,crustaceans,and mollusks.Demand for high-value products,including salmon,lobster and shrimp remains strong,but competition within this sector is high.U.S.seafood exports to China declined slightly both in volume and value terms in 2024.

5、On March 4,2025,China announced additional retaliatory tariffs of 10 percent on many U.S.fishery products.THIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S.GOVERNMENT POLICY FAS China provides this analysis and reporting

6、as a service to the United States agricultural community,and to our farmers,ranchers,agribusiness and fisheries operations,and rural communities in support of a worldwide agricultural information system and a level playing field for U.S.agriculture.Important Note:Complete full year official seafood

7、production data from the Peoples Republic of China(PRC)is typically published between May and July.As such,the 2024 Fisheries Statistics Report,often cited in this report,contains full year data for 2023 and incomplete data for 2024.Full year data for calendar year 2024 is not expected to be availab

8、le until the second half of 2025.This report uses Chinese terminology to maintain consistency between Chinese statistics and product categories.Total seafood trade statistics in this report do not include fishmeal.Definitions:Seafood products:Include wild caught and aquaculture products from marine

9、and freshwater sources,including oceans,rivers,lakes,and ponds.Also,includes both animal and plant products.Seafood catch production:Total volume of wild caught seafood products from freshwater and marine sources.Aquaculture production:Total volume of farmed seafood products from freshwater and mari

10、ne(saltwater)sources.Pre-prepared food:A term describing any number of food products that are processed to a stage short of ready-to-eat for the purpose of easy preparation.I.Production Post estimates Chinas 2024 seafood production at 74.1 MMT,up 4.1 percent from the previous years 71.2 MMT on consi

11、stent demand and expansion of aquaculture production.Aquaculture production is estimated at 60.8 MMT,up 2.7 MMT from 58.1 MMT in 2023.Since 2007,Chinas production has increased every year,except 2018.Production of ocean and freshwater wild-caught seafood is up slightly to 13.3 MMT from 13.1 MMT in 2

12、023.Chinas total seafood production for 2025 is likely to show moderate growth on expanded aquaculture area and improved production efficiency despite generally lower prices for various seafood items in 2024 and effectively zero-growth for wild caught seafood volumes.Table 1.China:Seafood Production

13、(Unit:MMT)Category/Year 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024*Total Seafood Production 64.8 65.5 66.9 68.7 71.2 74.1-Total Aquaculture Production 50.8 52.2 53.9 55.6 58.1 60.8-Ocean 20.6 21.4 22.1 22.8 23.9 25.2-Freshwater 30.1 30.9 31.8 32.9 34.1 35.6-Total Wild Caught Production 14.0 13.2 13.0 13.0 13.13.

14、3-Ocean 10.0 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.6 9.7-Freshwater 1.8 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2-Distant ocean caught 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 Source:2024 China Fishery Statistics Report containing official data for 2023;The 2024 data are Posts estimates.A.Wild Caught Seafood Chinas National Bureau of Statistics(NBS)reported tot

15、al wild-caught seafood production at 13.1 MMT in 2023 compared to 13 MMT the previous year.Total wild caught seafood production for 2024 is not yet available.Based on Chinas Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(MARA)statistics for 20 provinces1,in the first 11 months of 2024,marine wild caught

16、production reached 8.94 MMT,up 1.4 percent year-on-year,while freshwater wild caught production remained almost unchanged at 0.88 MMT.Wild-caught seafood production in Chinas domestic waters faces challenges due to the deterioration of fishery resources in lakes,rivers,and nearby seas.To address thi

17、s,central,provincial,and local authorities have maintained and,in some cases,expanded coastal and freshwater seasonal fishing bans.According to MARA,the marine fishing ban continued in 2024 from May to September while the ban in the Yangtze River and the Yellow River and their major tributaries last

18、s from April to the end of July.This ban,along with previous ones(see the 2021 China Fishery Products Annual and 2022 China Fishery Products Annual),has contributed to an overall decline in wild-caught production and improvement of ecological system and fishery resources.The scale and activities of

19、Chinas marine fishing industry,including its distant-water fishing(DWF)fleet,remains a subject of debate.In August 2023,the U.S.National Oceanographic and 1 The 20 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)include Beijing,Tianjin,Hebei,Liaoning,Jilin,Heilongjiang,Shanghai,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Anhu

20、i,Fujian,Jiangxi,Shandong,Hubei,Hunan,Guangdong,Guangxi,Hainan,Chongqing,and Sichuan.Atmospheric Administration(NOAA)released its biennial Report to Congress on Improving International Fisheries Management.In this report,NOAA identified seven nations and entities for illegal,unreported,and unregulat

21、ed(IUU)fishing:Angola,Grenada,Mexico,the Peoples Republic of China,Taiwan,The Gambia,and Vanuatu.On October 24,2023,the China released a White Paper on Chinas Distant Ocean Fishing(link in Chinese).According to this document,in 2022,China had 177 approved distant-water fishery(DWF)enterprises and 2,

22、551 DWF vessels,with 1,498 operating on the high seas.Operating areas include the Pacific,Indian,and Atlantic high seas;Antarctic waters;and waters under the jurisdiction of relevant cooperative countries.According to MARA,total distant ocean(not domestic ocean)fishing production remained stable at

23、about 2.3 MMT yearly in 2022 and 2023.This trend appears to continue in 2024 although official data are not available yet as of this report.MARA has implemented a zero growth policy to restrict yearly domestic ocean catch to less than 10 MMT.In a press briefing held at the end of September 2024,MARA

24、 said it formulated and implemented a dual control system for total marine fishery resource management and marine fishing.The objective is to control the total domestic marine fishing production volume(at or below 10 MMT annually),and to control the number of large and medium-sized marine fishing ve

25、ssels(at or below the existing 50,000 vessels).MARA estimates the maximum sustainable production of offshore fishery resources remains above 10 MMT per year.According to its estimates,Chinas domestic ocean fishing production stabilized at around 9.5 MMT per year from 2018 to 2023.The fishing product

26、ion of major economic fishes such as hairtail,anchovy,mackerel,and swimming crab remained stable,while the fishing production of Spanish mackerel,pomfret,squid,etc.increased steadily.Aquaculture In 2024,China retained its position as the worlds leading aquaculture producer.Aquaculture production rea

27、ched 58.1 MMT in 2023,up 4.4 percent or a net growth of 2.5 MMT compared to the previous year.A number of factors contributed to continued growth including production efficiency through intensification and industrialization,an increase in area under production,slightly reduced supplies of wild-caugh

28、t seafood,and an upsurge in demand for pre-prepared seafood in the retail and hospitality sectors.Although official 2024 data on aquaculture production by type is not yet available,MARAs preliminary statistics indicate production of freshwater and marine water aquaculture products reached 27.3 MMT a

29、nd 20.7 MMT,respectively in the first ten months of 2024.This is a 5.3 percent and 4.3 percent increase from 2023.Based on MARA feed statistics,Chinas aquaculture feed production dropped 3.5 percent year-on-year in 2024.Industry sources suggest that lower prices and margins for aquatic products like

30、ly contributed to reduced compound feed demand and increased use of self-mixed feed by farmers,a factor not reflected in the official estimates.In the long term,Chinas aquaculture production continues to shift towards industrialization and intensification,both of which are expected to drive feed dem

31、and.In the short run though,improved feed conversion ratios due to new feed technologies and improvements in fish breeding has the potential to slow feed consumption growth.As mentioned above,this years increase in aquaculture production is partly attributable to the recovery of aquaculture producti

32、on area which began in 2023 and continued into 2024.Aquaculture area had been declining since 2018 when the PRC strengthened environmental regulations(see 2022 China Fishery Products Annual).The 2025“No.1 Document”(link in Chinese),a policy providing broad guidance for resource allocation and develo

33、pment goals in the PRCs agricultural sector.In June 2023,MARA and other relevant government agencies published the document“Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Deep-Sea Aquaculture”(link in Chinese).The document emphasizes the need to accurately understand overall requirements,optimize spati

34、al layout,promote the entire industry chain,strengthen ecological and environmental protection,encourage technological innovation,and implement inspection registration requirements.As shown in Table 2,total aquaculture water area rebounded greatly in 2023,up 7.3 percent,with ocean and freshwater aqu

35、aculture area both up 6.8 percent and 7.5 percent,respectively,from 2022.Chinese industry sources expect a further moderate growth in 2024 with ocean aquaculture area up more than 2 percent from 2023.Future growth in the sector will in part depend upon continuing this trend of increasing production

36、area.Table 2.China:Aquaculture Area(Unit:hectares)Year Ocean Freshwater Total 2020 1,995,550 5,040,556 7,036,106 2021 2,025,510 4,983,870 7,009,380 2022 2,074,420 5,033,084 7,107,504 2023 2,214,870 5,409,730 7,624,600 2023-2022 change+6.77%+7.48%+7.28%2022-2021 change+2.4%+0.99%+1.4%2021-2020 change

37、+1.5%-1.12%-0.38%2020-2019 change+0.17%-1.48%-1.02%Source:2024 China Fishery Statistics Report Aquaculture will continue to be the PRCs major means to increase domestic seafood supply.Consumer demand for high-quality seafood and changes in consumption patterns towards more processed and pre-prepared

38、 seafood are expected to continue driving growth in the industry.At the PRCs 2024 Agriculture Outlook Conference,aquaculture production was forecast to maintain 1.1 percent yearly growth to reach 62.53 MMT in 2033 while the wild catch production will remain stable in general.The share of aquaculture

39、 production will reach 82.8 percent in total seafood production by 2033.Aquaculture Products(Marine-Based and Freshwater Cultured Products)Fish Fish remains the predominant cultured product,constituting 51.2 percent of aquaculture production in 2023.Total fish production in 2023 increased 2.6 percen

40、t year-on-year to 29.8 MMT.This comprised freshwater production of 27.7 MMT,up 2.2 percent year-on-year,and marine production of 2.1 MMT.Table 3.China:Seafood Production by Category(1,000 metric tons)Category/Year 2020 2021 2022 2023 Aquaculture products 52,242 53,944 55,655 58,096-Fish 27,613 28,24

41、7 29,030 29,773-Shrimp,Prawn,and Crab 6,032 6,439 6,848 7,384-Shellfish 14,987 15,457 15,886 16,659-Algae 2,621 2,723 2,724 2,883-Other 987 1,079 1,166 1,397 Wild Caught Products 13,249 12,960 13,004 13,066 Source:2024 China Fishery Statistics Report.Five species of carp,namely grass carp,bighead ca

42、rp,silver carp,cyprinoid carp,and crucian carp,retain their status as the most popular freshwater fish in aquaculture,collectively yielding 18.9 MMT in 2023,an increase of 1 percent from 2022.The persistent demand for carp is attributed to its cost advantage,widespread availability,and freshness.Pro

43、duction takes place in ponds,lakes,and reservoirs in nearly every province.Official production data for these carp for 2024 is not yet available but is expected to maintain moderate growth to meet the demand.China also holds the position of the worlds largest tilapia producer,generating 1.82 MMT in

44、2023,up from the 1.74 MMT in 2022,reflecting a 4.6 percent rise from the previous year.Although official data for 2024 is not yet available,tilapia production is expected to remain flat or slightly decline due to weak export demand(refer to Chart 2 in the trade section of this report)and an influx o

45、f lower-priced Vietnamese basa fish.Chinese industry associations and major tilapia-producing provinces like Hainan have intensified promotional efforts for tilapia products in the domestic market,employing online and restaurant promotions featuring various processed products.These marketing initiat

46、ives have continued into 2024 and appear to have significantly boosted domestic tilapia consumption.The southern provinces of Guangdong,Hainan,Guangxi,Yunnan,and Fujian retain their positions as the top tilapia-producing provinces,collectively contributing to 97.3 percent of the total tilapia produc

47、tion in 2023.Catfish production experienced consistent growth in 2023,reaching 441,000 MT,up 6 percent from the previous year,driven by steady growth in domestic consumption.The leading provinces in catfish production include Sichuan,Guangdong,Hubei,Henan,and Guangxi,accounting for 76.9 percent of t

48、he total production.Although official production figures for 2024 are not yet available,industry sources anticipate that catfish production will grow moderatly.Crustaceans In 2023,Chinas crustacean production reached 7.38 MMT,up from the 6.85 MMT in 2022.Of this total,marine-based crustacean product

49、ion increased to 2.06 MMT,up from the 1.95 MMT in 2022,while freshwater production reached 5.33 MMT,up 8.8 percent from the 4.9 MMT in 2022.China is the largest aquaculture shrimp(Penaeus vannamei)producer globally,producing nearly 2.24 MMT in 2023,up 6.7 percent from 2022.However an influx of lower

50、-priced imported shrimp may slow domestic shrimp production growth in 2024 and beyond.Crayfish is another local aquatic species being heavily promoted in the domestic market.Chinese industry associations have joined with local governments to carry out various chef competitions,tasting events,and res

51、taurant promotions to further boost consumers interest.According to NBS data,crayfish production reached 3.2 MMT in 2023,up 9.4 percent from the 2.9 MMT in 2022,with Hubei,Anhui,Hunan,Jiangsu,and Jiangxi provinces accounting for over 90 percent of total crayfish production.Increased domestic demand,

52、especially from high-end consumers and a robust recovery of the food service sector,which according to NBS,reported a 20.4 percent increase in total revenue in 2023,is expected to drive growth in total aquaculture crustacean production in 2024.Shellfish Shellfish production in 2023 reached 16.7 MMT,

53、up from the 15.9 MMT in 2022.The outlook for shellfish production in 2024 is anticipated to expand,primarily due to an increase in marine aquaculture production areas in 2023.The top six provinces for marine-based cultured shellfish production in China are Shandong,Fujian,Liaoning,Guangdong,Zhejiang

54、,and Guangxi,which collectively accounted for 93 percent of the total production in 2023.Seafood Production by Province In 2023,Chinas top seafood-producing provinces continue to be Guangdong,Shandong,Fujian and Zhejiang,benefitting from advantageous coastal locations,abundant freshwater resources,a

55、nd well-established production facilities.The combined production of these four provinces accounts for 47.5 percent of the nations total seafood production in 2023.Among the leading freshwater aquaculture producers were Hubei,Guangdong,and Jiangsu provinces,with combined production at 13.2 MMT,or 38

56、.7 percent of the nations total in 2023.The top four marine aquaculture producers including Shandong,Fujian,Liaoning and Guangdong with combined production at 18.7 MMT,accounting for 79 percent of the nations total in 2023.Table 4.China:Top Seafood Producing Provinces in 2023(Unit:1,000 metric tons)

57、Province Total production Aquaculture production Wild-caught production Guangdong 9,240 7,957 1,283 Shandong 9,139 6,939 2,200 Fujian 8,902 6,749 2,153 Zhejiang 6,479 2,999 3,480 Jiangsu 5,220 4,572 649 Hubei 5,228 5,206 21 Liaoning 5,081 4,380 701 Guangxi 3,786 3,214 572 Other 18,105 16,080 2,007 T

58、otal 71,162 58,096 13,066 Source:2024 China Fishery Statistics Yearbook B.Seafood Processing According to MARA,processed seafood production reached 22 MMT,up from the 21.48 MMT in 2022.Total seafood sent for processing saw a 2.6 percent year-on-year rise to 26.2 MMT,with ocean products accounting fo

59、r 19.8 MMT and freshwater products contributing 6.4 MMT.While live seafood products are still favored by many Chinese consumers,there is an increasing trend in processing freshwater aquatic products into pre-prepared items,catering to the demands of consumers who may not have the time to shop for or

60、 prepare live seafood.As of the end of 2023,there were 9,433 seafood processing facilities in operation in China,up from 9,331 in 2022,boosting total processing capacity to 30.2 MMT.According to industry sources,China remains a global processing hub for mackerel,salmon,cod,and herring.Leading seafoo

61、d processing provinces,namely Shandong,Fujian,Liaoning,Zhejiang,and Hubei,collectively produced 16.1 MMT of processed seafood in 2023,representing 73 percent of the nations total.These provinces,in addition to being major seafood producers,host numerous foreign-owned processing facilities and are we

62、ll-equipped with ports and cold storage facilities for importing,processing,and re-exporting seafood.While the PRCs processing sector is gradually recovering to pre-pandemic levels,many companies are encountering challenges associated with the weak recovery in overseas demand and rising processing c

63、osts.In general,Chinas seafood processing industry in 2024 continues to face challenges.The U.S.governments executive order sanctioning all Russian seafood,even if these products are processed in third countries(see the Policy section of this report),will likely impact exports of processed seafood t

64、o the United States.This new policy will pose a major challenge to Chinese seafood processors in Qingdao and Dalian where the leading seafood processing hubs are located.Chinese seafood processors are looking for alternatives to Russian seafood to maintain their U.S.buyers,although U.S.supply is lim

65、ited and some processors have noted difficulty in securing product from the United States due to increased demand.Consumption and Marketing The longtime global leader in seafood consumption,Chinese consumers increasingly display preferences for high-quality and value-added seafood products.Although

66、per capita seafood consumption dropped slightly in 2022,due to the impact of the PRCs COVID-related restrictions,demand rebounded greatly in 2023 as the economy reopened.An adequate supply of various seafood products from both home and abroad at affordable prices is expected to boost consumption in

67、2024 and beyond.Table 5.China:Protein Consumption Trends(Unit:kilograms)Year 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Per Capita Consumption of Seafood Products Urban 16.7 16.6 16.7 16.2 17.4 Rural 9.6 10.3 10.9 10.7 12.2 Per Capita Consumption of Pork,Beef,Poultry,and Mutton Urban 40.1 40.4 46.7 47.1 52.2 Rural 34

68、.7 33.8 43.3 45.1 52.1 Source:2024 China Statistical Yearbook According to NBS,in 2024,the PRC achieved 5 percent GDP growth and per capita disposable income increased 5.3 percent from 2023.The food service sector continued growing in line with past trends with revenue again increasing by 5.3 percen

69、t in 2024(see Chart 1).Food service revenue in 2023 surged 20.4 percent year-on-year form the low revenue in 2022 due to COVID restriction.Chart 1.China:Food Service Revenue Grew in 2024 Source:NBS;*data of January to November 2024 In a positive sign for continued consumption growth,prices for most

70、seafood products remain affordable for Chinas increasingly price-conscious consumers.According to MARA,prices for many major aquaculture products declined in 2024.Chart 2 illustrates the overall price trend for aquatic products from January 2023 to December 2024.Higher domestic production and increa

71、sed imported seafood and other meats for domestic market in 2024 resulted in a significant drop in average wholesale prices.-20-15-10-505101520250100020003000400050006000201920202021202220232024*Yearly change in%Billion YuanRevenu Billion YuanYearly change in%Chart 2.China:Aquatic Product Price Inde

72、x(January 2023 to December 2024)Source:MARA;Note:The price index is a combined price indicator of aquatic products defined by MARA Seafood consumption is highest in coastal regions,where it has been a traditional source of protein and where populations generally have higher levels of disposable inco

73、me.Consumers in these regions tend to prefer live or fresh seafood over frozen or processed products.However,there is a steady increase in the consumption of frozen and processed seafood.This shift is attributed to improvements in processing techniques,distribution networks(including e-commerce),and

74、 the development of cold chain systems.The rising popularity of high-end supermarkets and consumer interest in diverse and nutritious diets featuring seafood also contribute to the growing consumption of frozen and processed seafood.In addition,consumer awareness about potential food safety risks as

75、sociated with live seafood is playing a role in this shift,as some consumers are opting for frozen and other processed fishery products over live seafood(for market information on live seafood,see GAIN Report CH2024-0038).Industry sources reported the most popular seafood online category is shrimp p

76、roducts including frozen whole and processed shrimp.E-commerce The growth of e-commerce trade has played a significant role in boosting domestic seafood consumption in China.Among the most popular aquatic products for e-commerce are fresh and frozen shrimp,ready-to-eat seafood products,and fresh and

77、 frozen fish products.While an updated report for 2024 is not available,there has been a shift from buying fresh and live seafood at traditional wet markets to purchasing fresh and frozen seafood through e-commerce channels.While these adjustments may have originally been intended to limit physical

78、contact with others during the period of strict COVID-19 restrictions,the platforms and supply chains that were developed have won over a segment of consumers who increasingly value the convenience of having products delivered.Accordingly,industry contacts anticipate that much of this shift in consu

79、mer demand will persist,particularly for key demographics like young,urban consumers with disposable income who prefer the convenience and time-saving benefits of ordering seafood online.A TikTok survey report covering September 2023 to September 2024 shows its online sales of seafood products in Gu

80、angdong Province surged 50 percent from the same period in 112114116118120122124126Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2022 to 2023.For additional information on e-commerce opportunities in China,see GAIN Report China Cross-Border E-commerc

81、e Market Opportunities for US Agricultural Products.III.Trade A.Imports Chinas seafood imports remained strong in 2024,at 4.6 MMT,mainly due to increased domestic consumption and gradual recovery of overseas demand for processed seafood.This was a decline from the record level of imports reached in

82、2023 but was still the second highest level on record.In 2024,total seafood imports reached 4.4 MMT valued at$17.7 billion,down 3.8 percent and 5.5 percent,respectively,from the previous year.Strong imports were led by higher volume imports of frozen fish at 2.4 MMT and crustaceans at 1.2 MMT,which

83、were almost unchanged in volume from the previous year.Demand for high-value products,an economic rebound and competitive prices for imported products all drove seafood imports.Seafood imports are expected to remain strong in 2025 on consumers growing demand along with economic growth.Seafood import

84、s from the United States showed a 3.6 percent year-on-year decline in volume and 4.9 percent fall in value to$1.01 billion in 2024.Russia remains Chinas largest seafood supplier with total volume of 1.11 MMT in 2024,followed by Ecuador at 0.7 MMT,Vietnam at 0.33 MMT,India at 0.32 MMT,Indonesia and t

85、he United States both at 0.28 MMT.Chart 3.China:Seafood Imports Remained Strong in 2024 Source:Trade Data Monitor,LLC.In 2024,frozen fish(HS Code 0303)accounted for 53.6 percent of imports at nearly 2.38 MMT,almost unchanged from the previous year.Russia remained the top supplier of frozen fish to C

86、hina taking 42.4 percent of the market in 2024,distantly followed by the United States at 9.1 percent.Crustacean imports(HS Code 0306)were 1.19 MMT,almost unchanged from the 010002000300040005000202020212022202320241,000 MTOthers TotalRussiaEcuadorUnited States previous year and mollusk imports were

87、 0.44 MMT.Imports of fresh fish fillet(HS Code 0302)increased by 22 percent.Imports of fish fillet(HS Code 0304)remained low on adequate supply of similar domestic products,including tilapia and carp,available at reasonable prices,while strong demand for crustaceans was driven by relatively low impo

88、rt prices and an improved economic situation generating greater demand for both food service and home use.Ecuador,India,and Canada remained top suppliers of crustaceans to China,accounting for a combined 73.9 percent of total import volume.Chart 4.China:Imports of Crustaceans Source:Trade Data Monit

89、or,LLC.Salmon imports were 190,000 MT,significantly down from the high of 252,000 MT in 2023,and well below record imports of 300,000 MT in 2018.Imports from the United States dropped to 38,200 MT,down from 58,800 MT in the previous year.U.S.salmon imports have fallen due to several factors.Consumer

90、 demand has softened,and upscale consumers continue to seek out novel imported seafood of different species.Other countries,such as Norway have made inroads in selling to the hotel,restaurant,and institutional(HRI)sector and in addition to salmon have also promoted products like farmed Atlantic cod,

91、or“snow cod”,and mackerel.Imports of lower-priced Vietnamese basa fish have fallen rapidly in recent years.Chinas imports of basa fillets surged 67 percent to 228,000 MT in 2022 but fell to 93,000 MT in 2024.Industry sources noted that the decline was due to a combination of quality concerns that of

92、ten resulted in delayed entry inspection and greater availability of similar domestic products.Imports of fish fillet from Russia,however,surged 70 percent year-on-year to 42,000 MT in 2024,and this was most likely wild caught pollock which is increasingly favored by Chinese consumers.Despite challe

93、nges in certain segments,industry sources remain optimistic about robust domestic demand for seafood,particularly for wild-caught fish,high-value fish,and crustacean products.The northern ports of Qingdao and Dalian remain the two primary arrival ports for seafood.01002003004005006007008009001000110

94、012001300202020212022202320241,000 MTEcuadorIndiaCanadaVietnamOthers Total B.Exports China primarily exports processed seafood products.Seafood exports hit record by volume in 2024 at 3.99 MMYT,up from the 3.52 MMT in the previous year.Exports rebounded to close to level in the pre-pandemic period w

95、hen volumes exceeded 4 MMT annually from 2017 to 2019.The slow growth in exports underscores weaker recovery of overseas demand and increased competition.Despite 13 percent year-on-year increase in export volume,the export value in 2024 declined 1.6 percent from the previous year implying overall lo

96、w export prices.In 2024,Japan remained the PRCs largest seafood product export destination,followed by the United States and South Korea.However,while total seafood exports to the United States increased in volume,up 9.8 percent,they were almost unchanged in value from the previous year.Notably,the

97、export volume of fish fillet(HS Code 0304)and prepared and packaged crustaceans/mollusks(HS Code 1605)to the United States increased 23 percent and 19 percent,respectively,from the previous year.The United States remains the PRCs top catfish market,receiving 49 percent of its 18,887 MT catfish expor

98、ts in 2024.By category,in 2024,export volume of all major categories increased with exports of frozen fish(HS Code 0303),fish fillet(HS Code 0304)and prepared and preserved fish and caviar(HS Code 1604)up by 15 percent,12 percent and 16 percent in volume,respectively,from 2023.In 2024,Chinas exports

99、 of tilapia products continued to recover to over 167,000 MT,up 23 percent from 2023 but still much lower than the yearly average at 280,000 MT seen between 2014 to 2018.Chinas exports of tilapia products has declined due to strong competition from lower-priced Vietnamese basa fish in international

100、markets,while increased domestic demand shifted some supply away from exporters.Three western Africa countries Cote dIvoire,Burkina Faso and Mali took 45 percent of Chinas tilapia exports in 2024.Tilapia exports to the United States were 7,400 MT in 2024,far below the average 63,000 MT in 2018 to 20

101、19 despite a U.S.Section 301 tariff exclusion issued on March 26,2020,for imports of frozen tilapia under HS code 0304.61.000.For additional information please see the U.S.Trade Representative“China Section 301-Tariff Actions and Exclusion Process”or contact the Section 301 Hotline at(202)395-5725.C

102、hart 5.China:Exports of Tilapia Products Source:Trade Data Monitor,LLC.Chinas exports of crayfish products in 2024 surged 45 percent year-on-year to 12,900 MT mainly due to Chinas relatively low export prices,however,this level is still below the crayfish export volume in 2019.IV.Policy U.S.Ban on R

103、ussian Seafood Products On December 22,2023,then-President Biden signed two executive orders,expanding trade sanctions against Russia.One of these orders,EO 14068 amendment,specifically addresses seafood and took immediate effect.The amendment grants U.S.authorities the authority to prohibit the imp

104、ort of certain products caught in Russian waters or on Russian-flagged vessels,even if these products undergo transformation in a third country.Following this,the U.S.Department of the Treasury issued a determination stating that prohibitions“shall apply to the following categories of fish,seafood,a

105、nd preparations thereof,that were produced wholly or in part in the Russian Federation,or harvested in waters under the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation or by Russia-flagged vessels,notwithstanding whether such fish,seafood,and preparations thereof have been incorporated or substantially trans

106、formed into another product outside of the Russian Federation:salmon,cod,pollock,and crab.As a result,the importation and entry into the United States,including importation for admission into a foreign trade zone located in the United States,of such salmon,cod,pollock,or crab is prohibited,except to

107、 the extent provided by law,or unless licensed or otherwise authorized by the Office of Foreign Assets Control.”This decision became effective on December 22,2023,with a 60-day grace period for products ordered before the ban was implemented.0501001502002019202020212022202320241,000 MTOthers TotalCo

108、te dIvoireBurkina FasoUnited States In 2024,Chinas imports of frozen fish from Russia remained high at 1 MMT but down from the 1.2 MMT in 2023.This accounted for 23 percent of Chinas total seafood imports and 42 percent of its frozen fish(HS Code 0303)imports.Chinas exports of fish products(HS Codes

109、:0303,0304,and 0305)to the United States totaled 142,000 MT in 2024,representing a 23 percent increase year-on-year,however they remained lower than years before 2022.The ban is expected to continue affecting Chinas exports of processed seafood to the United States.However,Chinas seafood imports are

110、 diverse,and the domestic demand for wild-caught seafood,including the specified species,remains robust.The longer-term impact will depend on how Chinas industry restructures its trade strategy to minimize the effects on imports from Russia and exports to the United States as well as any measures un

111、dertaken by the United States to enforce the determination.Market Access for U.S.Aquatic Species The United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA)is responsible for market access for U.S.aquatic species to China and for submitting lists of U.S.exporters shipping live seafood as

112、 well as fishmeal to the General Administration of Customs of China(GACC).The United States Food and Drug Administration(FDA)is responsible for submitting lists of U.S.exporters handling processed seafood for registration with GACC.The Animal and Plant Inspection Service(APHIS)of the United States D

113、epartment of Agriculture is responsible for market access of aquatic species for breeding stock and ornamental use and the lists of exporters of those products for registration with GACC.GACC is responsible for approval of imports of aquatic species from foreign countries.The Department for Plant an

114、d Animal Quarantine of GACC manage and publish lists of U.S.aquatic species including Edible Aquatic Animals,Breeding Stock and Ornamental Aquatic Animals approved for import to China.The lists are available on the GACC website.The Import and Export Food Safety Bureau of GACC manage and publish a li

115、st of U.S.seafood species(not live)approved for import to China,which is available here.U.S.exporters are advised to confirm the market access status for specific aquatic species or registration of seafood exporting facilities prior to export.Registration for Exporters of Seafood/Aquatic Animals to

116、China The GACC Bureau of Import and Export Food Safety updates and publishes Registration Information of Overseas Food Manufacturers of Imported Food,which contains the U.S.seafood exporting facilities registered with GACC.The Department of Animal and Plant Quarantine of GACC is responsible for the

117、registration of overseas suppliers of live aquatic animals.The Department maintains 3 Lists of Registered U.S.Exporters for Exports of Aquatic Animals(including Edible Live Aquatic Animals,Breeding Stock and Ornamental Aquatic Animals)to China.U.S.exporters should verify their company is listed on t

118、he appropriate GACC list prior to exporting products to China.PRC Suspends Imports of Aquatic Products from Japan On August 24,2023,GACC suspended all imports of aquatic products(including edible aquatic animals)from Japan,effective immediately.The announcement follows Japans announced plans to begi

119、n releasing more than one MMT of treated radioactive water from the Fukushima power plant into the Pacific Ocean(See PRC Suspends Imports of Aquatic Products from Japan).This suspension resulted in seafood imports from Japan dropping to zero from September 2023 to November of 2024.Chinas imports of

120、seafood from Japan reached 155,000 MT in 2022.In September 2024,the PRC and Japan conducted discussion on the releasing of treated radioactive water.In late January 2025,A Chinese industry source reported that the test of the water samples collected from the treated radioactive water releasing regio

121、n by Chinas expert in October 2024 show“no abnormal”results though whether this will result in trade resuming remains to be seen.PRC Ecuador Free Trade Agreement In May 2023,the PRC and Ecuador signed a free trade agreement,which was ratified by Ecuadors National Assembly in February 2024(see the PR

122、C announcement on the agreement here).The agreement allows for preferential tariffs on over 95 percent of Ecuadors exports to China,including numerous seafood products,such as white shrimp,fish,and fish oil.Duties on these products will over time be reduced to zero from the current 5 to 20 percent.C

123、hinas imports of seafood from Ecuador are expected to remain strong although imports in 2024 declined 2.6 percent from the previous year.Out of the total imports of 685,000 MT,98 percent are crustaceans(HS Code 0306).WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies On June 17,2022,the World Trade Organization(W

124、TO)Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies,was adopted at the 12th Ministerial Conference(MC12).On June 27,2023,the PRC submitted Chinas letter of acceptance of the Protocol to the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies to the WTO.WTO members continued to negotiate details of the agreement at the 13th Minist

125、erial Conference(MC13),held in Abu Dhabi,UAE in February 2024.Based on industry source,as of March 2024,72 WTO member countries have accepted the Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies.Draft Revised Fishery Law In August 2019,MARA started working on revising the Fishery Law for which the previous slight a

126、mendments were done in 2013.On December 25,2024,Chinas National Peoples Congress(NPC)website published the Fishery Law of the Peoples Republic of China(Revised Draft)(link in Chinese)and solicited comments from the public and requested comments to be submitted before January 30,2025.This is the firs

127、t revision of the Fisheries Law in the 38 years since its implementation.The Revised Draft has a total of 7 chapters and 88 articles.It makes relatively comprehensive revisions to the current Fisheries Law in terms of promoting and regulating fish farming,strict fishing management,strengthening the

128、proliferation and protection of fishery resources,and strengthening fishery supervision and management.The Law mainly focus on domestic fishery governance.The PRC has not yet notified a draft of the law to the WTO.Chinese Exports of Siluriformes to the United States In November 2019,FSIS listed the

129、PRC as eligible to export Siluriformes fish and fish products to the United States.Only raw Siluriformes fish and fish products produced in FSIS-eligible Chinese establishments are eligible for export to the United States.The list of eligible facilities is available on the FSIS website.VAT and Impor

130、t Duties for Domestically Consumed Seafood Imports Imported seafood processed and sold in China for domestic consumption is subject to tariffs ranging from 7 to 14 percent.Tariff rates,MFN rates,and provisional special tariff rates are listed on the Ministry of Finance website at 2025 Customs Import

131、 and Export Tariff.(link in Chinese)and see more in GAIN report Updated MFN Tariff Rates Published.China increased the tentative MFN tariff rates on certain frozen fish products(HS Code 03033110,03033200,03035100,03036300,03036700)to 5 percent from 2 percent.Likewise,the tentative MFN tariff rates p

132、reviously applied to prepackaged pet food(HS Code 23091010,23091090)was increased to 10 percent from 4 percent.China has also removed the tentative MFN tariff rates previously applied to certain fishery products(HS Code 03061640,03061790,03078190),orange juice(HS 20091200,20091900),and alcoholic bev

133、erages(HS Code 22082000,22083000).These products face normal MFN tariff rates as of January 1,2025.For information on the additional Chinese tariffs on U.S.fishery products,see the February 2020 USDA GAIN report China Announces Reductions in Certain Additional Tariffs.On March 4,2025,China announced

134、 new retaliatory tariffs on most U.S.fishery products.For more information,please refer to the March 2025 USDA Gain report Compendium of Tariffs on United States Agricultural and Related Products_Beijing_China-Peoples Republic of_CH2025-0050 U.S.seafood exporters are advised to consult with their im

135、porters regarding the tariff and VAT rates for specific seafood species.Chinese importers may apply for exclusions from the additional tariffs on U.S.products.For more information about the tariff exclusion process,see GAIN report CH2020-0017.Trade Tables Table 6.China:Imports of Seafood Products by

136、 Category(Unit:Metric Tons)HS Code 2021 2022 2023 2024 Total 3,382,952 4,123,163 4,611,710 4,433,623 0302 Fish,Fresh 77,824 64,567 91,524 111,615 0303 Fish,Frozen 1,615,175 2,064,990 2,382,034 2,378,125 0304 Fish,Fillet 166,775 263,581 187,203 178,897 0305 Fish,Dried,Salted,Brined 42,919 80,898 72,5

137、71 67,282 0306 Crustaceans 793,747 1,094,806 1,242,666 1,193,513 307 Mollusks&Other 612,986 499,639 552,754 460,292 1604 Prepared or Packaged Fish and Caviar 25,793 21,912 21,682 18,893 1605 Prepared or Packaged Crustaceans and Mollusks 47,732 32,769 61,275 25,006 Source:Trade Data Monitor,LLC.Table

138、 7.China:Imports of Seafood Products by Category(Unit:Million USD)HS Code 2020 2021 2023 2024 Total 13,835 18,705 18,781 17,746 0302 Fish,Fresh 713 852 1,166 1,174 0303 Fish,Frozen 3,510 5,105 4,795 4,729 0304 Fish Fillets 396 745 508 438 0305 Fish,Dried,Salted,Brined 130 261 294 279 0306 Crustacean

139、s 6,974 9,570 9,565 9,079 0307 Mollusks&other 1,769 1,824 1,980 1,766 1604 Prepared or Packaged Fish and Caviar 137 115 114 99 1061605 Prepared or Packaged Crustaceans and Mollusks 206 234 359 182 Source:Trade Data Monitor,LLC.Table 8.China:Imports of Seafood Products by Country of Origin(Unit:Milli

140、on USD)Country/Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 World 13,835 18,705 18,781 17,746 Ecuador 2,187 3,562 3,562 3,117 Russia 1,861 2,762 2,891 2,741 Canada 1,063 1,209 1,324 1,266 United States 976 1,138 1,155 1,098 India 961 1,264 1,253 1,147 Norway 726 914 958 984 Vietnam 717 1,680 794 1,200 Indonesia 685 761

141、 828 1,011 New Zealand 465 498 451 453 Thailand 414 424 461 420 Japan 401 546 339 0 Peru 321 190 507 155 Source:Trade Data Monitor,LLC.Table 9.China:Exports of Seafood Products by Category(Unit:Metric Tons)HS Code 2021 2022 2023 2024 Total 3,562,061 3,519,752 3,519,046 3,987,224 0302 Fish,Fresh 35,7

142、12 44,102 37,685 36,908 0303 Fish,Frozen 707,684 677,991 889,904 1,020,954 0304 Fish,Fillet 638,877 726,041 620,012 696,684 0305 Fish,Dried,Salted,Brined 55,093 61,568 53,324 60,143 0306 Crustaceans 119,889 88,211 87,587 94,912 0307 Mollusks and Other 509,813 510,016 446,620 524,288 1604 Prepared or

143、 Packaged Fish and Caviar 1,057,605 961,693 947,614 1,098,351 1605 Prepared or Packaged Crustaceans and Mollusks 437,388 450,123 436,300 454,984 Source:Trade Data Monitor,LLC.Table 10.China:Exports of Seafood Products by Category(Unit:Million USD)HS Code 2021 2022 2023 2024 Total 20,286 21,179 18,49

144、0 18,789 0302 Fish,Fresh 248 334 277 248 0303 Fish,Frozen 2,363 2,263 2,256 2,257 0304 Fish,Fillet 3,163 4,078 3,323 3,402 0305 Fish,Dried,Salted,Brined 365 421 365 359 0306 Crustaceans 1,000 827 814 809 0307 Mollusks and Other 3,118 3,378 2,526 2,553 1604 Prepared or Packaged Fish and Caviar 5,101

145、4,641 4,199 4,742 1605 Prepared or Packaged Crustaceans and Mollusks 4,927 5,238 4,729 4,418 Source:Trade Data Monitor,LLC.Table 11.China:Exports of Seafood Products by Country of Destination (Unit:Million USD)Country/Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 World 20,286 21,179 18,490 18,789 Japan 3,375 3,387 2,979

146、 3,054 United States 2,368 2,497 1,959 2,136 South Korea 1,567 1,653 1,553 1,558 Thailand 1,510 1,664 1,298 1,016 Hong Kong 1,446 1,297 1,144 946 Malaysia 1,307 1,636 1,531 1,475 Taiwan 1,210 1,255 1,063 928 Philippines 1,013 996 731 543 Mexico 720 611 513 697 Canada 430 519 377 384 Spain 401 405 40

147、4 521 Germany 396 576 471 328 Vietnam 371 427 383 433 Source:Trade Data Monitor,LLC.Table 12.China:Imports of Fish,Frozen by Country of Origin(Unit:Metric Tons)Source:Trade Data Monitor,LLC.Table 13.China:Imports of Salmon by Country of Origin(Unit:Metric Tons)Country/Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 World

148、144,503 201,359 252,256 189,652 United States 43,566 54,131 58,882 38,221 Russia 37,471 73,880 89,859 37,672 Norway 26,139 24,458 40,599 43,762 Chile 11,487 23,928 34,608 34,193 Australia 11,637 11,618 14,152 12,347 Source:Trade Data Monitor,LLC.Table 14.China:Imports of Crustaceans by Country of Or

149、igin(Unit:Metric Tons)Country/Year 2020 2021 2023 2024 World 793,747 1,094,806 1,242,666 1,193,513 Ecuador 378,888 564,747 697,660 672,319 India 122,264 141,224 145,947 144,558 Canada 50,730 64,898 73,423 65,726 Thailand 28,659 30,191 30,662 28,698 Vietnam 27,468 54,907 19,762 45,080 Russia 21,240 2

150、7,939 46,543 45,938 Malaysia 19,509 11,563 11,843 7,419 Indonesia 16,225 25,131 24,057 21,648 Argentina 13,913 18,506 29,965 17,417 Greenland 13,907 27,469 24,643 26,000 Source:Trade Data Monitor,LLC.Country/Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 World 1,615,175 2,064,990 2,382,034 2,378,125 Russia 574,157 886,23

151、7 1,197,998 1,012,427 United States 185,570 214,467 221,466 217,172 Norway 157,309 154,597 110,151 138,068 Indonesia 103,736 84,770 77,903 139,210 India 72,418 128,662 166,444 152,982 Vietnam 49,276 74,244 74,712 93,884 Greenland 36,692 36,905 39,279 41,191 Malaysia 36,069 39,378 29,213 32,882 South

152、 Korea 35,984 28,491 41,914 81,712 Table 15.China:Exports of Fish Fillet by Destination(Unit:Metric Tons)Country/Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 World 638,877 726,041 620,012 696,684 Japan 122,883 129,693 112,594 126,073 United States 107,830 130,973 90,340 111,560 Germany 101,440 134,237 113,989 90,995 Un

153、ited Kingdom 46,235 50,634 51,852 56,122 South Korea 32,083 37,113 33,635 38,085 France 30,202 35,872 32,426 40,254 Canada 26,945 30,016 17,740 21,048 Poland 22,408 16,785 14,539 16,513 Spain 19,312 23,159 20,292 28,170 Philippines 17,967 23,708 20,120 21,158 Source:Trade Data Monitor,LLC.Table 16.C

154、hina:Exports of Prepared and Preserved Crustacean and Mollusks by Destination(Unit:Metric Tons)Country/Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 World 437,388 450,123 436,300 454,984 Japan 106,698 102,830 96,252 100,080 United States 53,223 41,914 35,463 42,115 Thailand 43,916 50,023 49,034 33,227 South Korea 39,842 44,426 51,715 59,736 Malaysia 39,013 65,847 69,662 71,634 Taiwan 29,625 30,999 29,011 27,618 Hong Kong 25,064 21,532 19,290 21,253 Singapore 10,874 12,854 12,305 13,016 Canada 13,903 13,270 10,954 12,022 Chile 13,664 6,179 7,491 12,323 Source:Trade Data Monitor,LLC.Attachments:No Attachments.