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1、State of the Software Developer Nation2024 South Africa Report2Sign up toorContentsfind a dev jobhire tech talent3IntroductionSouth African Tech TrendsAI continues to shake up software development,while hybrid becomes the most common workplace policy.4Jump to chapter 21Developer SalariesSalary growt

2、h has slowed for the majority of developers and Techs gender pay gap narrows in 2024.Jump to chapter 26Software Engineer SkillsMicrosoft-backed languages are on the rise ASP.Net is South Africas most used framework.Jump to chapter Methodology31About OfferZen323Sign up toorPhilip JoubertOfferZen Co-f

3、ounder 2023 was another difficult year for the tech industry as it continued to weather a global economic downturn.Interest rates rose in response to high inflation numbers,VC funding decreased again.Overall,it ended up being one of the toughest years for funding in a decade.While South African comp

4、anies have avoided the brunt of the effects,some still had to do layoffs.Weve also started seeing local companies passing on the pressure to their remaining employees.All in all,the balance of power has shifted in favour of companies.Theyre starting to take back a lot of the control they gave up dur

5、ing the hottest-ever hiring market in 2021.We can see this playing out in this years data:Salary band growth and annual increases have also slowed down as companies no longer need to compete for the best talent.Over the past 12 months,17%of developers lost their fully remote status.This is despite o

6、ver half of surveyed developers saying theyd leave if they were forced to return full time.In this climate,its likely that many companies will continue to downgrade easy perks and conveniences to save money.Taking every opportunity to seize back control is not without its risks.Companies will need t

7、o watch out for attrition as the market recovers.In the long term,all too drastic moves may also undermine their employer brand.For developers,its important to realise that applications to tech jobs have tripled in the past year.Its now significantly harder to get interviews and the interviews are h

8、arder to pass.However,there are signs that the market is starting to recover slowly:Tech layoffs are still down relative to their peak and the number of open tech jobs is recovering.I look forward to seeing how our community will leverage AI to make the next phase of growth even better than the one

9、before.I hope this report provides you with insights that will help you navigate the shifting tech landscape with more confidence.Introductionfind a dev jobhire tech talent4Sign up tofind a dev jobhire tech talentor4Sign up toorArtificial Intelligence is the new co-pilot for South African developers

10、South African Tech TrendsDeveloper SalariesSA Tech TrendsSoftware Engineer SkillsMethodologyfind a dev jobhire tech talent5Sign up toorAI is taking ZA developers hearts by stormWhile many media companies predict the burst of the AI bubble,South African developers are still focussing on its potential

11、.In fact,the percentage of developers who see it as the most promising industry has grown massively,from 50%to 68%.With even more advances in AI tools over the past 12 months,its easy to see why developers are betting on a bright future for AI:Weve seen the release of ChatGPT-4 and open source AI mo

12、dels like Mistral make massive strides,reaching parity with GPT-3.5.AI is starting to play a role in virtually all industries.There are AI integrations into virtually every app,from Microsoft Copilot,Miro and Photoshop to Notion.One could even ask the question:Given that it permeates every piece of

13、technology and every industry,is it still accurate to consider AI an industry?Either way,devs are excited about this capacity for innovation.Thats why the majority of South African software developers rank it as their most promising industry.SA Tech TrendsDeveloper SalariesSoftware Engineer SkillsMe

14、thodologyfind a dev jobhire tech talent6Sign up toorCryptos fall continuesThings may be looking up for AI but Cryptos fall in popularity continues.The industry grew in importance and popularity each year from 2019 to 2022.However,2023 was the start of the Crypto winter:The value of Bitcoin crashed,X

15、 removed its support for NFTs,and multiple exchanges go bust or sued by the US government.has sued This downward trend looks set to continue going into 2024.Now,only 1 in 8 developers see it as a promising industry.Could that 1 in 8 be on to something?Bitcoins price has started recovering and is goo

16、d news for developers who still hold onto coins.If that trend continues,we could be looking at renewed interest in the industry.AI(Artificial Intelligence)CybersecurityFinTechCloud/Enterprise InfrastructureIoT(Internet of Things)RoboticsAR(Augmented Reality)AgritechGamingCryptoDevelopers most-promis

17、ing industry for 20242024202368.0%35.7%30.5%29.7%19.5%19.3%14.9%14.8%13.1%12.9%50.0%32.8%32.6%31.3%23.8%31.7%12.7%12.1%16.8%19.9%SA Tech TrendsDeveloper SalariesSoftware Engineer SkillsMethodologyfind a dev jobhire tech talent7Sign up toorAI is helping more developers do their workWhile AI adoption

18、in South Africa was still pretty low last year,now over half of the software developers having worked with an AI API.The majority are also working with code-writing assistants in either their role or personal projects.This shows that AI has a real impact on how developers do their work,not taking ov

19、er their work.At the same time,working with machine learning models remains a niche for South African developers:More than two thirds of devs havent built or trained a machine learning model.The majority of companies are aware of things like GPT4 and the obvious stuff like customer service chat bots

20、.But theyre still searching for their own killer use case with generative AI to create value for customers.Dan Daveyrecombinary2023202451.6%24.0%49.4%76.0%Are you using AI code-writing assistants?NoYesSA Tech TrendsDeveloper SalariesSoftware Engineer SkillsMethodologyfind a dev jobhire tech talent8S

21、ign up toorAI is freeing up capacity for high-impact workUnsurprisingly,ChatGPT is the most widely used AI tool by developers,followed by Googles Bard and image generator DALL-E.But,taking a closer look at how theyre using AI shows that South African developers are using AI to automate routine tasks

22、 and data analysis.This is freeing them up to focus on tasks that require creative thinking and problem solving.Its no longer enough to know the basics of coding as AI can easily do this part of the development process.The ability to understand business problems and how to maximise impact with code

23、is even more important.What AI tools have you used in the last 12 months?ChatGPT41.9%Google Bard11.4%DALL-E9.3%TensorFlow7.3%Midjourney6.5%PyTorch4.9%2024SA Tech TrendsDeveloper SalariesSoftware Engineer SkillsMethodologyfind a dev jobhire tech talent9Sign up toorAI is playing an increasing importan

24、t strategic role in companiesAI is also playing an increasingly important role in strategy by assisting with data-driven decision making through predictive analytics and competitor intelligence.In a tougher macroeconomic context,this can help companies mitigate risk and spot new business opportuniti

25、es.For companies,this might mean fewer juniors as AI can automate work typically done by devs at this level.At the same time,demand for seniors who understand the bigger picture of their code will stay strong as companies look for these skills to drive business impact in 2024.How do you use AI tools

26、?2024Data analysis and insights27.7%15.6%24.2%9.7%22.7%8.3%20.4%4.9%4.1%19.6%4.8%2.3%Automation and process improvementTeaching and educationNatural language processing(NLP)Machine learning model developmentRecommendation systemsComputer visionAI in FinanceAI in robotics and automationAI in IoT and

27、smart devicesAI in GamingAI in healthcare or life sciencesSA Tech TrendsDeveloper SalariesSoftware Engineer SkillsMethodologyfind a dev jobhire tech talent10Sign up tofind a dev jobhire tech talentor10Sign up toorRTO vs WFH:Are ZA companies trying to slowly move back to the office?South African Tech

28、 TrendsDeveloper SalariesSA Tech TrendsSoftware Engineer SkillsMethodologyfind a dev jobhire tech talent11Sign up toorChanging tides:SA developers face remote policy changesWhile ZA devs have largely avoided a mass return to the office,they are starting to see a change in their remote policies.Over

29、the past 12 months,17%of developers saw their policy change away from being fully remote.30%of hybrid developers in 2024 used to be fully remote,while 15%of fully office based developers had a hybrid policy last year.Is this a sign that South African companies are slowly returning back to the office

30、?Has your remote policy changed over the last 12 months?RemoteHybridOfficeRemoteHybridOffice20232024SA Tech TrendsDeveloper SalariesSoftware Engineer SkillsMethodologyfind a dev jobhire tech talent12Sign up toorFully remote companies are doubling down on freedom of movementWhile some developers face

31、 changing remote policies,companies who are staying remote are really embracing the benefits of remote work.For starters,the number of developers working remotely for international companies has more than doubled over the past 12 months.This suggests that more companies are seeing the value of hirin

32、g local talent for international roles.At the same time,more developers have the option to work from anywhere in the world.Almost half of fully remote developers can now work from anywhere in the world(up from 32.6%in 2023).For another 1 in 4,they only need to be based in the same country as their c

33、ompany.Where remote devs companies are based20242023City I live in45.0%31.5%14.3%9.1%67.2%24%4.9%3.9%In a different city Its distributedIn another countrySA Tech TrendsDeveloper SalariesSoftware Engineer SkillsMethodologyfind a dev jobhire tech talent13Sign up toorDevelopers are missing fully remote

34、 perks as office returnsAs more developers return to the office,theyre starting to miss the benefits that fully remote work offered them.Remote is now the most desired policy among South African developers ahead of hybrid.The data also suggests that more developers find themselves at companies who h

35、ave their preferred remote policy.We can see this in the majority of hybrid devs preferring hybrid and the majority of remote devs preferring remote.The exception here are fully office-based developers who tend to prefer hybrid setups.What is your current remote setup?Currently fully office based:9.

36、6%Currently fully remote:40.8%Currently hybrid:49.6%Want to know how to craft a remote policy that actually appeals to South African developers?Download our whitepaper to learn more.Need some help?SA Tech TrendsDeveloper SalariesSoftware Engineer SkillsMethodologyfind a dev jobhire tech talentDownlo

37、ad14Sign up toorForcing a RTO could cost you half of your team membersDevelopers are showing a clear for preference for remote work thats not just theoretical.In reality,the majority would leave a role if their company required them to return to the office full time.But,taking a closer look at the d

38、ata reveals that hybrid developers are less likely than fully remote ones to leave if they were required to come back full time.With more developers returning to the office at least some of the time,is this something companies are banking on?Would you leave your job if your employer required you to

39、return to the office?Yes:52.3%No:47.7%SA Tech TrendsDeveloper SalariesSoftware Engineer SkillsMethodologyfind a dev jobhire tech talent15Sign up tofind a dev jobhire tech talentor15Sign up toorCompensation packages are shifting:Lower increases,more bonuses and fewer training budgetsSouth African Tec

40、h TrendsDeveloper SalariesSA Tech TrendsSoftware Engineer SkillsMethodologyfind a dev jobhire tech talent16Sign up toor5%of South African devs were retrenched in the past 12 months2023 was another tough year for the global tech industry.The funding cool down continued and large tech companies includ

41、ing Shopify,Google and Meta announced layoffs.South Africas tech industry has largely avoided the worst effects of these global trends.Yet 5.2%of developers report being retrenched,up from 2.9%the previous year.Why is South Africa more resilient?For starters,VC funding is less common in South Africa

42、 than it is in Europe or North America.As a result,South Africa has more bootstrapped businesses that tend to be more robust when funding is less easily available.Have you been retrenched in the past 12 months?2023202494.8%5.2%97.2%2.8%NoYesSA Tech TrendsDeveloper SalariesSoftware Engineer SkillsMet

43、hodologyfind a dev jobhire tech talent17Sign up toorIts a tough job market for juniors right nowStarting with the good news:More than half of retrenched developers managed to find a new role within three months.This shows that there are still good opportunities for skilled developers.On average,seni

44、or developers took the shortest time to find a new role.However,junior developers are experiencing the brunt of the tough job market:Over 40%took more than 6 months to find a new job after retrenchments and their salary growth reflects this too.How long did it take you to find a new role after being

45、 retrenched?(All retrenched developers)2024Less than 1 month26.0%20.4%30.4%15.6%5.3%2.3%1-3 months3-6 months6-12 monthsIm still lookingMore than 12 monthsSA Tech TrendsDeveloper SalariesSoftware Engineer SkillsMethodologyfind a dev jobhire tech talent18Sign up toorIs the grass looking greener for a

46、third of developers?After another year in an economic downturn,its tougher inside most companies.This has led many developers to rethink their current role.30%say theyll be looking for new opportunities this year.So why are they planning on leaving?Is the grass just greener on the other side?The dat

47、a indicates that while salary growth and perks have shrunk,developers leave looking for companies that can still offer better salaries,management and growth opportunities.Which of the following statements best describes your current perspective:20242023Currently looking 9.0%8.0%Next 3-12 months25.0%

48、21.0%Same company next year16.0%16.0%Same company in two years time23.0%25.0%Same company in five years time25.0%26.0%None of the above3.0%2.0%SA Tech TrendsDeveloper SalariesSoftware Engineer SkillsMethodologyfind a dev jobhire tech talent19Sign up toorDevelopers are still leaving for better salari

49、es,growth and managementAs the cost of living continues to rise,its no surprise that a better salary is still the number one reason why developers leave a role.Nearly half of South African developers list it as their top reason for leaving,down from 52.9%in 2023.At the same time,benefits have also d

50、ecreased in importance when it comes to leaving a role.They have dropped from 20.5%to 14%in 2024.But money is not the only factor that matters to developers looking to explore new opportunities.Poor management and a lack of growth opportunities are also still big push factors.Addressing the issue of

51、 poor management is especially important to retain tech leads.What are the top reasons that have made you leave a job?20242023Better salary49.8%52.9%Poor management42.3%46.5%Lack of career opportunities31.3%32.0%Lack of growth opportunities29.8%34.6Poor work-life balance28.6%43.6%Poor colleagues16.6

52、%15.2%Uncertain company outlook15.8%15.1%More exciting role15.7%18.6%Better benefits14.0%20.5%SA Tech TrendsDeveloper SalariesSoftware Engineer SkillsMethodologyfind a dev jobhire tech talent20Sign up toorDevelopers are less confident in their growth prospectsEarlier we found that a lack of growth o

53、pportunities is one of the main reasons why developers leave a role.The data suggests that more developers dont feel optimistic about their growth prospects at their current company:The share of developers who dont think their company can support their career development has increased from 10%to 12.

54、5%.At the same time,the share of devs who believe they can continue growing at their current company has dropped to the lowest percentage since 2021.Whats contributing to this decline?We asked developers why theyre feeling less optimistic about their prospects for career growth.The number one factor

55、?Lacking trust in company leadership.“I feel like I can develop my career at my current company”20242023Strongly agree33.3%38.0%Agree33.1%33.7%Neutral20.8%18.0%Disagree8.3%6.5%Strongly disagree4.2%3.5%SA Tech TrendsDeveloper SalariesSoftware Engineer SkillsMethodologyfind a dev jobhire tech talent21

56、Sign up tofind a dev jobhire tech talentor21Sign up toorSalaries have increased for seniors but increases overall have slowedSoftware developer salariesDeveloper SalariesSA Tech TrendsSoftware Engineer SkillsMethodologyfind a dev jobhire tech talent22Sign up toorSalary band growth is slowing year on

57、 yearThe tougher macroeconomic climate is also evident in developer salaries:Across the board,salary band growth for developers has slowed more and more in recent years.Entry-level and junior developers have seen their salaries decrease in 2023,while intermediates have only seen nominal increases.Wh

58、en controlling for inflation,many developers essentially experienced a decrease in their buying power in the past two years.Average software engineer salary adjusted for inflation20242023 adjusted2022 adjusted2021 adjusted0-2 Years experience2-4 Years experience4-6 Years experience6-10 Years experie

59、nce10+Years experienceR23 655.00R 33 712.00R50 381.00R67 863.00R93 986.00R25 656.43R34 978.33R49 865.10R68 951.71R92 552.19R23 089.96R34 371.19R50 721.66R69 720.91R93 681.43R24 833.12R35 779.56R48 357.35R64 219.20R89 140.05SA Tech TrendsDeveloper SalariesSoftware Engineer SkillsMethodologyfind a dev

60、 jobhire tech talent23Sign up toorAnnual salary increases have slowed over the past 12 monthsLets start with some good news:More than half of South African developers received a salary increase in the past year.Also,despite the challenging climate,fewer companies gave no increases.In your current jo

61、b,by what%did your annual salary increase?I got a salary reduction0.0%1.2%I havent received an increase yet23.8%31.4%Between 1-5%26%20.0%Between 6-10%29.2%23.2%Between 11-15%8.8%9.8%Between 16-20%More than 20%5.1%5.9%5.8%9.8%20242023SA Tech TrendsDeveloper SalariesSoftware Engineer SkillsMethodology

62、find a dev jobhire tech talent24Sign up toorCompanies are downgrading perks to save moneyAs companies work to extend their runway or hit profitability,many seem to be downgrading their perks,including training budgets.This might explain the falling confidence of developers who dont believe they can

63、continue growing at their current companies.Were seeing reductions of perks across the board with only a few exceptions,most notably bonuses.This points towards an attempt to still reward developers making a business impact.Monetary benefits in curent role20242023Bonuses53.5%48.8%Medical aid36.5%35.

64、4%Pension contributions31.7%32.5%Training budgets20.5%26.8%None19.1%18.9%Equity12.0%16.3%Special allowances23.7%25.4%Company-provided meals or snacks22.4%23.2%Budget for remote set up/equipment16.9%22.1%SA Tech TrendsDeveloper SalariesSoftware Engineer SkillsMethodologyfind a dev jobhire tech talent

65、25Sign up toorTechs gender pay gap has narrowed in the last year On average,the earning gap for female developers has narrowed by 17%percent over the past year and has decreased across all levels of experience.Average salaries are practically identical for entry-level developers but a pay gap starts

66、 to emerge once theyve got two years of experience under their belts.The gap is still widest between developers with more than 10 years of experience:Here,women earn 17.4%less than their male counterparts.This is despite female survey respondents being proportionately represented across industries,l

67、anguages,and location.We hope that,by providing salary transparency on our job platform and in reports like these,we will equip all developers with the knowledge and confidence they need to earn the salary they deserve.Were also planning to publish further insights on this topic in the future.Men 20

68、24Men 2023Women 2024Women 20230-2 Years experience2-4 Years experience4-6 Years experience6-10 Years experience10+Years experienceR22 355R 34 276R49 922R67 479R95 053R22 556R29 830R45 811R57 380R80 941R25 000R34 661R48 217R67 086R89 995R22 077R28 584R45 234R58 677R71 587Average developer salary by g

69、enderIf youre curious for even more interactive salary data,head on over to the online report page.Youll find loads of insightful information there!Want to see more in-depth data?SA Tech TrendsDeveloper SalariesSoftware Engineer SkillsMethodologyfind a dev jobhire tech talentCheck out the online rep

70、ort26Sign up tofind a dev jobhire tech talentor26Sign up toorMicrosoft-backed languages are on the rise this yearSoftware engineer skillsDeveloper SalariesSA Tech TrendsSoftware Engineer SkillsMethodologyfind a dev jobhire tech talent27Sign up toorIs demand for optometrists going to rise as more dev

71、elopers want to C#?C#is the only language in the top six most popular languages to see an increase over the past year.This makes C#one of the few big languages to see increases in both use and popularity.Overall,C#s desirability increased across frontend,backend and full stack developers indicating

72、its broad appeal to the local tech community.Nearly half of developers say that career opportunities is the most important factor they consider when choosing their next programming language.That might explain C#s appeal as it gives developers access to the broader Microsoft ecosystem and career oppo

73、rtunities at the thousands of companies who use this tech as part of their stack.Developers top 6 most wanted languages 20242023Python33.1%35.6%C#25.0%23.8%TypeScript24.1%24.4%Go21.8%22.6%JavaScript19.9%16.9%20.9%17.3%JavaSA Tech TrendsDeveloper SalariesSoftware Engineer SkillsMethodologyfind a dev

74、jobhire tech talentBackend developers top five most wanted languages20242023Python28.1%34.2%Go26.5%27.2%C#23.9%22.3%TypeScript22.2%18.9%Java18.6%21.1%Developers top five most used languages20242023JavaScript54.5%55.5%C#37.9%36.2%TypeScript36.0%33.8%Python31.0%28.2%Java22.7%24.6%Developers top five m

75、ost wanted frameworks20242023React20.9%22.5%Angular19.8%19.5%Flutter18.4%19.4%Node.js13.2%14.5%Developers top five most used frameworks20242023React20.4%19.1%Angular18.4%19.8%ASP.net15.9%15.4%Flutter15.3%16.5%Node.js14.5%16.2%ASP.net13.3%14.0%30Sign up toorAre AWS and Azure the only competition in S

76、outh Africas cloud wars?When it comes to South Africas cloud wars,it appears that AWS and Microsofts Azure are cementing their duopoly as the most used cloud platforms.They are the only platforms to see their use rise over the over the past 12 months.And second-placed Azure has more users than the r

77、est of the list combined.However,Googles Cloud Platform still holds an advantage among startups with fewer than 50 employees and companies working in web development and eCommerce.Which of these cloud platforms do you use the most?20242023AWS44.9%43.0%Microsoft Azure29.7%28.0%Google Cloud Platform9.

78、5%11.3%Cloudflare2.3%1.9%DigitalOcean2.0%2.6%SA Tech TrendsDeveloper SalariesSoftware Engineer SkillsMethodologyfind a dev jobhire tech talent31Sign up tofind a dev jobhire tech talentor31Sign up toorMethodologyOfferZen conducted a survey to find out more about skills,work experience and job search

79、behaviour of developers.A total of5402 people took the online survey between 3 October and 27 November 2023.Of these responses,3935 were counted as valid because they were from developers,or developers who manage other developers,and are currently living in South Africa.We hosted the survey itself o

80、n Typeform and recruited respondents via emails sent to more than 40 000 software makers in the OfferZen community and social media posts to the public.Data was anonymised in accordance with GDPR guidelines and is housed separate to any and all of OfferZens platform data.Percentages may not always a

81、dd to 100%due to rounding.Salary in this report refers to gross salary before tax and excludes benefits.Statistical analysis was conducted to verify insights regarding salaries and we have only included claims where we have at least 95%confidence.Developer SalariesSA Tech TrendsSoftware Engineer Ski

82、llsMethodologyfind a dev jobhire tech talent32Sign up tofind a dev jobhire tech talentor32Sign up toorAbout OfferZenOfferZen is a developer job marketplace by developers for developers.Our platform matches job-seeking developers with exciting opportunities at companies,but this effort actually encom

83、passes a much wider mission:To help developers and their teams thrive in the tech ecosystem.Over the last six years,this has manifested in a multitude of ways from our core business of helping developers find awesome new jobs,to hosting local maker evenings and tech events,or helping developers share their experiences on our blog.We want to help build an inclusive,transparent,and thriving tech ecosystem.Developer SalariesSA Tech TrendsSoftware Engineer SkillsMethodologyfind a dev jobhire tech talent