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1、The State of the Nations Food SystemTHE BROKEN PLATE 2025Our food environment:its vital signs,its impact on our lives and what needs to change to support us all to eat healthily and sustainably ONS CROWN COPYRIGHT INFORMATION This work contains statistical data from ONS which is Crown Copyright.The

2、use of the ONS statistical data in this work does not imply the endorsement of the ONS in relation to the interpretation or analysis of the statistical data.This work uses research datasets which may not exactly reproduce National Statistics aggregates.DESIGN whitecreativecompany.co.uk WITH THANKS T

3、OAction on Salt and Sugar:Zoe Davies,Sonia Pombo,Jessica HaymanGreen Alliance:Lydia Collas LSHTM:Genevieve HadidaNielsen:Debbie Bremner,Barney Farmer Questionmark:Dore de Jong,Willem van EngenUniversity of Cambridge:Jody Hoenink,Jean Adams,Thomas Burgoine,Thomas BallThe Food Foundations Expert Advis

4、ory Group Food Foundation Contributors:Metrics:Ana Maria Narvaez,Rachel Claydon,Shona Goudie,Hannah BrinsdenAmbassador Photo Stories:Lucy Heyderman,Ke Yih Lim,Katina-Leigh Taylor Introduction and Conclusion:Shona GoudieABOUT THE FOOD FOUNDATIONThe Food Foundation is an independent charity working to

5、 address challenges in the food system in the interests of the UK public.Working at the interface between academia and policymakers(parliamentarians,civil servants,local authorities,business leaders)we use a wide range of approaches to make change happen including events,publications,media stories,s

6、ocial media campaigns and multi-stakeholder partnerships.We also receive extensive direct input from the public to ensure their lived experience is reflected in our policy proposals.We collaborate with many partners on a range of different thematic areas,liaising with academics to generate evidence

7、and campaigners who can drive change.We are independent of all political parties and businesses,and are not limited by a single issue or special interest.Visit:foodfoundation.org.ukWITH THANKS TO OUR FUNDERThe Nuffield Foundation is an independent charitable trust with a mission to advancesocial wel

8、l-being.It funds research that informs social policy,primarily in Education,Welfare,and Justice.The Nuffield Foundation is the founder and co-funder ofthe Nuffield Council on Bioethics,the Ada Lovelace Institute and the NuffieldFamily Justice Observatory.The Foundation has funded this project,but th

9、e viewsexpressed are those of the authors and not necessarily the Foundation.Visit www.nuffieldfoundation.orgTHE BROKEN PLATE 20253Introduction 4About The Food Foundation Ambassadors photo stories 5At a glance:Key findings 6FOOD ENVIRONMENT METRICS 9APPEAL Metric 1:Food promotions 10Metric 2:Adverti

10、sing expenditure on food 12Metric 3:Marketing of infant foods 16Commentary 18AVAILABILITY Metric 4:Sugar in childrens food products 20Metric 5:Places to buy food 21Commentary 22PRICE AND AFFORDABILITY Metric 6:Cost of more sustainable options 26Metric 7:Cost of healthy food 28Metric 8:Affordability

11、of a healthy diet 30Commentary 32OUTCOME METRICS 35DIET QUALITYMetric 9:Nutritious food consumption 36Commentary 38ENVIRONMENT OUTCOMESMetric 10:Greenhouse gas emissions from the food system 40Commentary 42HEALTH OUTCOMESMetric 11:Childrens weight 44Metric 12:Diabetes-related amputations 46Metric 13

12、:Dental decay 47Commentary 48Conclusion 50Appendix:Methods in short 51References 53THE BROKEN PLATE 20254Recent years,marked by the pandemic and cost-of-living crisis,have been very tough for very many.And many people have stepped into the breach-food bank volunteers securing food parcels for those

13、in need;school teachers keeping stores of emergency rations for hungry pupils;parents skipping meals so children can be fed.This cant go on.The gaping holes left by policies which fail to protect everyones basic right to be nourished have been laid bare.And while food insecurity is often hidden behi

14、nd the stigma of asking for help,other problems caused by the food system are now in plain sight of politicians:climate change and geopolitical shocks are becoming increasingly worrisome threats to our food supply,and the health of our nation has never been worse.Todays problems result from a food s

15、ystem which remains stuck in the past,no longer robust in the face of present day threats and no longer meeting our physical needs.But a turning point is within reach if decisive and bold action is taken by government.A future is possible where people across the country no longer have to live in fea

16、r of food prices outstripping their means,or being unable to provide nourishing food for their children,or their loved ones becoming sick due to the barrage of junk food,or their grandchildren living in a world destroyed by climate change.Visionary leadership with ambition to not merely tweak around

17、 the edges with token gestures,but to create transformative change can bring us back from the brink.Our food system must change to ensure a sustainable and secure food supply that can support public health,environmental protection and economic growth.Critical to this is making it fairer where produc

18、ers and workers receive fair pay;empowering local communities to produce their own food;making sure farmers can make a good living through sustainable farming methods that have reduced impact on nature and biodiversity;building resilience to climate and geopolitical shocks;incentivising industry to

19、make and promote healthier options;and guaranteeing a nutritional safety net to protect the most deprived.Surging interest from politicians across all political parties to help solve these issues for their constituents and recognition by the new government that there is an inescapable need to meanin

20、gfully transform our food system is bringing renewed optimism.But real change requires shared goals and agreed outcomes by which progress can be measured.This years Broken Plate report assesses eight key metrics which describe the state of our food environment,demonstrating just how difficult it is

21、to eat healthily and sustainably when the affordability,availability and appeal of unhealthy and unsustainable foods point us in the opposite direction.Further metrics clearly show the negative impact this has on the quality of our diets,and the impact on our health and environment.Most metrics in t

22、his report show no improvement,or worse,show deterioration.Together these metrics paint a picture of where this government begins their term in office,providing critical insight into the problems to be addressed,and providing a benchmark by which progress will be seen in future annual Broken Plate r

23、eports.Lets all commit to make this the turning point.Introduction THE BROKEN PLATE 20255Citizens voices are a powerful part of The Food Foundations work.Our Food Ambassador programme consists of a community of citizens from across the UK who are passionate about changing the food system.Crucially,t

24、he programme aims to amplify the voices of people with lived experience in decision-making processes,research and the media.Building on a tradition of including citizens experiences in our annual Broken Plate report,this year The Food Foundation has been working with eight Food Ambassadors on a Phot

25、o-Storytelling Project to bring light to the realities behind the statistics in the report.Inspired by the work of PhotoVoice,they have used the medium of photography to describe their food environments.We provided support and training;however,central to the project has been the Ambassadors agency o

26、ver the images they choose and the stories they share.These photographs carry messages for politicians,policymakers and businesses.The Ambassadors have used captioning to underline their experiences and call for change.Across these pieces,the theme of food insecurity is consistent,intertwining with

27、fuel poverty,housing,parenthood,culture,disability,nutrition and health.About The Food Foundation Ambassadors photo stories6THE BROKEN PLATE 2025APPEALFood promotions P10Over a third(37%)of supermarket promotions on food and non-alcoholic drinks are for unhealthy food.Advertising expenditure on food

28、 P12 Over a third(36%)of food and soft drink advertising spend is on confectionery,snacks,desserts and soft drinks,compared to just 2%on fruit and veg.Marketing of infant foods P16Three-quarters(74%)of the baby and toddler snacks that have front-of-pack promotional claims contain high or medium leve

29、ls of sugar.WHAT NEEDS TO HAPPEN:Restrict promotions on less healthy foods and increase promotions on core staples and more healthy foods.Increase advertising spend on healthy foods,particularly fruit and veg,and decrease advertising spend on less healthy foods.Regulate marketing and composition of

30、toddler and baby foods,and restrict nutrition and health claims on front of packaging.At a glanceFOOD ENVIRONMENT METRICSAVAILABILITYSugar in childrens food products P20 Only 3%of breakfast cereals and 5%of yogurts marketed to children are low in sugar.Places to buy food P21 A quarter(26%)of places

31、to buy food in England are fast-food outlets,remaining unchanged for six years.WHAT NEEDS TO HAPPEN:Create better incentives for reformulation to help shift the balance towards more healthy food.Use local authority planning powers to prevent further proliferation of unhealthy fast-food outlets.Incre

32、ase transparency around the types of food businesses sell,with mandatory targets for boosting sales of healthy and sustainable foods.PRICE AND AFFORDABILITYCost of more sustainable options P26More sustainable,plant-based milk alternatives in supermarkets are on average 55%more expensive than dairy m

33、ilk.Cost of healthy food P28On average,healthier foods are more than twice as expensive per calorie as less healthy foods,with healthier food increasing in price at twice the rate in the past two years.Affordability of a healthy diet P30To afford the government-recommended healthy diet,the most depr

34、ived fifth of the population would need to spend 45%of their disposable income on food,rising to 70%for those households with children.WHAT NEEDS TO HAPPEN Ensure everyone has sufficient income to afford to eat a healthy and sustainable diet.Rebalance the cost of food so healthy and sustainable opti

35、ons are the most affordable.7THE BROKEN PLATE 2025HEALTH OUTCOMESChildrens weight P44 Children in the most deprived fifth of the population are nearly twice as likely to be living with obesity as those in the least deprived fifth by their first year of school.Diabetes-related amputations P46The numb

36、er of diabetes-related lower-limb amputations increased by 68%since 2009.Dental decay P47Children in the most deprived fifth of the population are more than twice as likely to have tooth decay in their permanent teeth compared to those in the least deprived fifth by their last year of primary school

37、.DIET QUALITYNutritious food consumption P36On average,children consume less than half the recommended amount of fruit and veg but twice the recommended amount of sugar.ENVIRONMENT OUTCOMESGreenhouse gas emissions from the food system P40While UK emissions for the whole economy fell by 38%between 20

38、08 and 2022,emissions from the food system fell by just 17%over the same period of time.OUTCOME METRICSHEALTHY AND SUSTAINABLE DIETS FOR ALLPrice and affordabilityAppealAvailabilityTHE BROKEN PLATE 20258 8 2023.Provided by Impact on Urban Health,licensed via a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license.HEALTHY AND SUS

39、TAINABLE DIETS FOR ALLPrice and affordabilityAppealAvailabilityTHE BROKEN PLATE 20259AppealAvailabilityPrice and AffordabilityFOOD ENVIRONMENT METRICSP26Cost of more sustainable optionsP10Food promotionsP28 Cost of healthy foodP12Advertising expenditure on food P20Sugar in childrens food products P3

40、0 Affordability of a healthy dietP16Marketing of infant foodsP21Places to buy food 10Food promotionsMETRIC 1Unhealthy(HFSS)vs Healthy(non-HFSS)promotions on food and non-alcoholic drinksBreakdown of HFSS vs non-HFSS promotions on food and non-alcoholic drinks by type of promotionOver a third(37%)of

41、all promotions on food and non-alcoholic drinks are for unhealthy food products(i.e.ones that are high in fat,salt and/or sugar(HFSS)as defined by the UKs Nutrient Profiling Model)according to data gathered by Questionmark Foundation across six retailers(Tesco,Sainsburys,Asda,Morrisons,Aldi and Icel

42、and)in March 2024.Unhealthy foods account for 43%of all price reduction promotions,such as discounted and loyalty card prices.These products also account for 30%of multibuy promotions,such as buy one get one free,or three for 5.FOOD ENVIRONMENT METRICS APPEALSource:Data collected by Questionmark Fou

43、ndation from Tesco,Sainsburys,Asda,Morrisons,Aldi,and Iceland(4-6 March 2024),and analysed by The Food Foundation.Proportion of all multibuy promotionsProportion of all price promotions0%100%80%60%40%20%Over a third(37%)of supermarket promotions on food and non-alcoholic drinks are for unhealthy foo

44、d.HFSS non-HFSS UnknownHFSS37%non-HFSS50%Unknown13%Proportion of all multibuy promotionsProportion of all price reduction promotions15%11%55%46%30%43%2023.Provided by Impact on Urban Health,licensed via a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license.11Many existing nutrition policies in the UK,particularly those focused

45、 on advertising and promotions,define unhealthy foods as those that are high in fat,salt and/or sugar(HFSS).This is done using the UK Nutrient Profiling Model(NPM)1 which scores food and drinks according to their nutritional composition.In recent years,there have been increasing concerns about ultra

46、-processed foods(UPFs),that is,foods which have been heavily processed and have ingredients such as sweeteners,emulsifiers,flavours and artificial colours.There is growing evidence that high consumption of foods which are classed as UPFs is associated with multiple negative health outcomes,including

47、 overweight and obesity and all-cause mortality2.The exact causal mechanism responsible for these outcomes are not yet clear,including the extent to which it relates to the presence of certain ingredients,the processing,or a combination of factors.There is heightened public awareness of the issue wi

48、th three-quarters of British adults concerned about the proportion of foods that are ultra-processed or the over-processing of food3.In response to this,there has been increasing research on the overlap between HFSS and UPFs to ascertain the extent to which existing policies do or do not capture UPF

49、s.One analysis found that 16%of all foods consumed are UPF but non-HFSS,and thus fall outside of existing policies4.To explore this and how it translates into policy coverage in more detail,we undertook further analysis on the Questionmark Foundation promotions data,to look at the extent to which th

50、e HFSS definition used in volume promotion restrictions also covers foods which have attributes of UPFs.We focused this analysis on three specific categories which are often perceived as healthy yogurts,cereal bars and breakfast cereals using sweeteners and emulsifiers as two such indicators of UPFs

51、(recognising these are only two indicators of UPFs,and the exact mechanisms for UPF health outcomes are still not clear).Looking at promoted foods classified as non-HFSS,we found artificial sweeteners were contained in:40%of sweetened yoghurts 69%of cereal bars 4%of breakfast cereal And emulsifiers

52、were found in:9%of sweetened yoghurts 90%of cereal bars 8%of breakfast cereals(As shown in the charts,some foods contain both artificial sweeteners and emulsifiers.)These findings demonstrate that there are opportunities to strengthen existing definitions of unhealthy foods,to make sure that policie

53、s protect citizens from all the potential health impacts of food which could be harmful.One such way would be to consider strengthening the nutrient profiling model to take into consideration additional ingredients,such as sweeteners,and to ensure the NPM is regularly reviewed to take into considera

54、tion evolving evidence.Furthermore,it highlights the need for government to implement a package of policies to improve the healthiness of diets,including ensuring access to affordable,minimally processed foods -such as fruit,vegetables and staples -alongside reformulation and marketing policies.For

55、more on ultra-processed foods,please see our investor briefing5.THE BROKEN PLATE 2025BEYOND HFSS:IS THERE SCOPE FOR STRENGTHENING HOW WE DEFINE UNHEALTHY FOOD IN POLICY?Proportion of promoted non-HFSS sweetened yoghurts,cereal bars and breakfast cereals that contain sweeteners and emulsifiersnon-HFS

56、S cereal bars(n=39)69%21%10%non-HFSS breakfast cereals(n=260)4%8%88%non-HFSS sweetened yoghurts(n=271)39%52%8%1%Contain sweeteners Contain sweeteners AND emulsifiers Contain emulsifiers Does not contains sweeteners or emulsifiers12Advertising expenditure on foodMETRIC 2FOOD ENVIRONMENT METRICS APPEA

57、LOver a third(36%)of food and non-alcoholic drink advertising spend is on confectionery,snacks,desserts and soft drinks,compared to just 2%on fruit and vegetables.Traditional media advertising spend on different food categoriesProportion of advertising spend on dairy and dairy-alternativesSource:Nie

58、lsen Ad IntelBrand advertising=promotions relating to the brand as a whole rather than to individual products.Discretionary foods=confectionery,snacks,desserts and soft drinks.Core foods=water,tea&coffee,dairy&dairy alternatives,meat&fish,ready meals,convenience foods,cereals,condiments,carbohydrate

59、s,bakery,and other.Brand advertising Discretionary foods Core foods Fruit&Vegetables Dairy Dairy-alternativesSource:Nielsen Ad Intel2022(m)2024(m)0.0m1000.0m500.0m0%100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%20242022440.8m359.9m279.0m82%18%73%27%378.3m444.8m387.0m24.9m10.1m 2023.Provided by Impact on Urban Heal

60、th,licensed via a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license.13THE BROKEN PLATE 2025 2023.Provided by Impact on Urban Health,licensed via a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license.Food advertising in the UK remains dominated by discretionary foods(confectionery,snacks,desserts and soft drinks)that are not necessary for the bodys inta

61、ke of nutrients,and which are typically high in fat,salt and/or sugar.Nielsen data shows that these foods account for over a third(36%)of traditional advertising spend on food and non-alcoholic drinks(TV,outdoor,radio,cinema,direct mail and door drops).This is an increase in proportion of spend from

62、 2022(up from 33%)and represents an additional spend of 85 million on discretionary food and drink advertising per year,given the overall growth in food advertising spend.Meanwhile,food and drink brand advertising(advertising that promotes a companys brand identity and values rather than an individu

63、al product)previously accounted for the greatest proportion of total spend(40%in 2022),but has fallen,now accounting for 31%of total spend.Encouragingly,total advertising spend on fruit and vegetables has more than doubled,from 10 million in 2022 to 25 million in 2024.However,the amount spent advert

64、ising fruit and vegetables remains a tiny fraction of spend on other categories(2%of total spend in 2024 compared to 1%in 2022).There has also been an increase in spend on advertising plant-based food and drink alternatives:27%of traditional media spend in the dairy and alternative-dairy category wa

65、s on dairy alternatives in 2024,up from 18%of the category in 2022.While these proportions represent advertising spend on traditional media,a huge amount of food and drink advertising budgets are spent on digital and social media advertising.Indicative data on these channels from Nielsen shows a gre

66、ater proportion of digital and social media food and soft drink advertising is devoted to brand advertising(37%)compared to in traditional media(31%),and a smaller proportion on discretionary foods(29%vs 36%).14Hungry?The healthier option costs nearly 1 more than pizza happiness or a rise and shine

67、bacon bap.It costs 1.46 more than the double cheeseburger!Choosing the healthier“budget”option on every work day for a year could end up being anywhere from roughly 200 to 350 more.In 21st century Britain:we should not be bombarded with junk food advertising on the streets,in stores,on TV,online and

68、 on our phones especially not our children.Get rid of the gap in healthy life expectancy between the richest and poorest regions by investing in healthier food for all.Invest in Britain:help us afford and access nutritious food,alleviate pressure on the NHS and build a better food future for all.FOO

69、D ENVIRONMENT METRICS APPEALFood Foundation Ambassador Photo StoryMAGDA RECHNIO,LIVERPOOLImages on this page Magda Rechnio15Packaging made so colourful and bright Made to look like a special delight This grabs your attention and the childrens tooBut the sugar inside is hidden,thats trueThis really i

70、snt affordable food And the sugars inside arent good for the broodWhere are the real healthy snacks?The food thats good isnt in colourful packsTHE BROKEN PLATE 2025Food Foundation Ambassador Photo StoryCAROLINE WOOLLAM,STOCKPORTImages on this page Caroline Woollam16Marketing of infant foodsMETRIC 3F

71、OOD ENVIRONMENT METRICS APPEALPercentage of baby and toddler snacks with a front-of-pack claim by sugar contentTypes of promotional claim(according to WHO)and sugar levels in the productSource:Analysis by Action on Salt and SugarThree-quarters(74%)of the baby and toddler snacks that have front-of-pa

72、ck promotional claims contain high or medium levels of sugar.Number of products with high,medium and low levels of sugar0100908070605040302010110Number of productsRelating to the presence or absence of ingredients generally perceived to be harmful or beneficialRelating to the natural or healthful na

73、ture of ingredientsImplying nutritional idealism,high nutrient content or presence of nutrients generally not considered in home-prepared foodsConveying ideals on optimum feedingRelating to ideal tasteRelating to ideal food textureRelating to convenience or lifestyleImplying product or brand support

74、 from experts and trustworthy or influential individuals,groups or organisationsRelating to the general healthful nature of ingredients or recipesRelating to common allergensRelating to religious or cultural requirements3131292912222171715155 516 68 81444915454151540402323113139 94173126423913779210

75、921023678373222412Medium sugar49%High sugar24%Low sugar26%Composition and Nutrition ClaimsMarketing ClaimsHealth ClaimsAllowed promotional messagesA survey of snack products marketed for babies and toddlers in the UK,carried out by Action on Salt and Sugar for Broken Plate,identified 759 promotional

76、 claims on the front of packaging across 136 products,averaging almost six claims per product,aimed at influencing parents purchasing decisions.According to Action on Sugars assessment using traffic light labelling thresholds for total sugars,24%of these products were high in sugar,49%medium in suga

77、r,and only 26%were low in sugar(based on adult recommendations).Based on the World Health Organisations(WHO)classifications of the different categories of claims on baby and toddler food products(see box),the survey identified 119 products with nutritional claims,125 with marketing claims and 22 wit

78、h health claims.(Please note:Many products display multiple claims on the front of-pack and therefore the individual claims do not add up to the total).In addition,36 of the products had allowed promotional messages.WHO allows certain claims related to allergens and dietary claims.Of those identifie

79、d,only 31%of those products are low in sugar.It is significant that,94%of all the claims on baby and toddler snacks sold in the UK would not be permitted if WHO guidance was followed,and every product analysed had at least one non-permitted claim.THE BROKEN PLATE 2025The WHOs Nutrient and Promotion

80、Profile Model for promoting products for infants and young children aged 636 months states that nutrition,health and marketing claims on commercial baby and toddler foods should not be permitted,to avoid such claims undermining public health messages or confidence in home-prepared foods.WHO only all

81、ows front-of-pack claims on foods marketed to children when they relate to common allergens(such as containing or being free from gluten,dairy,nuts)or cultural and religious dietary needs(such as vegetarian,Kosher,Halal).According to the WHO:Nutrition claim means any representation which states,sugg

82、ests or implies that a food has particular nutritional properties,including but not limited to the energy value and the content of protein,fat and carbohydrates,as well as the content of vitamins and minerals.Marketing claim is defined as product promotion,distribution,selling,advertising,product pu

83、blic relations and information services.Health claim means any representation that states,suggests or implies that a relationship exists between a food(or a constituent of that food)and health.Promotion is broadly interpreted to include the communication of messages that are designed to persuade or

84、encourage the purchase or consumption of a product or raise awareness of a brand.WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION(WHO)GUIDANCE ON BABY AND TODDLER FOODS1718A key area where government must take action to support healthy and sustainable diets is by regulating the advertising and marketing of unhealthy and l

85、ess sustainable food.The metrics in this report demonstrate that the promotional environment continues to be heavily skewed towards unhealthy foods across advertising,promotions and packaging.Peoples perceptions of food are heavily influenced by the wide range of promotional strategies used by manuf

86、acturers,retailers and out-of-home businesses to make their products more appealing.While it is natural that businesses should seek higher sales by promoting their products in this way,the problem arises when their strategies push people towards less healthy and sustainable options.This advertising

87、wall paper-in our high streets and on our screens-makes us feel that these foods are what we all eat.They help create norms,and children and young people can be disproportionately targeted and impacted.Expectations to simply exercise more self-control in the face of this promotional environment,whic

88、h is designed to manipulate peoples decisions,place an unfair burden of responsibility on individuals.Firstly,our analysis finding that over a third(36%)of food and non-alcoholic drink advertising spend is on confectionery,snacks,deserts and soft drinks(Metric 2,p12)is concerning given that higher e

89、xposure to advertising of foods that are high in fat,salt and/or sugar(HFSS)is associated with greater household purchases of calories and sugar6.The government has committed to bring in previously delayed restrictions on the promotion of HFSS foods on TV before 9pm and online7 in October 2025,in a

90、move that could help in part to shift the dial towards healthier diets by curbing peoples exposure to advertising of unhealthy food and drinks.However,a number of forms of advertising of unhealthy food and drinks would still be permitted nationally,including outdoor advertising,sports-based advertis

91、ing and brand advertising,pointing to the need for an extension of national restrictions.Some progress is being seen at a local level nevertheless,with nine metropolitan mayors recently committing to banning junk food advertising on public transport in their areas8,following Londons leadership on th

92、is9.In contrast to the advertising of unhealthy food,only 2%of traditional media advertising spend on food and non-alcoholic drink is on fruit and vegetables(Metric 2,p12).While this has encouragingly risen since 2022,it remains a fraction of the amount spent promoting unhealthy products.Therefore,i

93、n parallel to restricting the promotion of unhealthy foods,greater investment is needed in boosting the promotion of healthy and more sustainable food.Veg Powers multi-award winning vegetable marketing campaign Eat Them To Defeat Them has shown it works.Secondly,price promotions by retailers continu

94、e to be skewed towards unhealthy products with our analysis finding that over a third(37%)of supermarket promotions on food and non-alcoholic drinks are for products that are high in fat,salt and/or sugar(HFSS)(Metric 1,p10).This onslaught of promotions for unhealthy foods is a huge challenge for ci

95、tizens and has been shown to increase the calorie content of shopping baskets10.While the previous government finally enacted restrictions on the location of HFSS products in stores in 2022,restrictions on volume-based promotions(e.g.multibuys)on HFSS foods have yet to come into force(due October 20

96、25).Our FOOD ENVIRONMENT METRICS APPEALCommentary19 Restrict promotions on less healthy foods and increase promotions on core staples and more healthy foods.Increase advertising spend on healthy foods,particularly fruit and vegetables,and decrease advertising spend on less healthy foods.Regulate mar

97、keting and composition of toddler and baby foods,and restrict nutrition and health claims on front of packaging.WHAT NEEDS TO HAPPENanalysis highlights the need to broaden these restrictions to also include price reduction promotions in addition to multibuys,which are currently not covered by the fo

98、rthcoming restrictions.Furthermore,there is a need to strengthen plans to monitor compliance,which has been identified as a challenge for the location restrictions already enacted11 as well as to increase promotions on core staples and more healthy foods,to encourage greater purchases of these foods

99、.Moreover,our State of the Food Industry Report 202412 found that promotions on less sustainable foods are highly prevalent:18%of multibuy offers are on meat and dairy products compared to just 5%on fruit and vegetables.Finally,another way that businesses make their products more appealing is by usi

100、ng marketing tactics that use promotional claims or greenwashing to make products appear healthier and more sustainable than they are.Therefore,greater regulation is needed to avoid misleading citizens.This is a particularly problem in baby food,where three-quarters(74%)of the baby and toddler snack

101、s that have front-of-pack promotional claims contain high or medium levels of sugar.(Metric 3,p16),despite evidence that high sugar foods can be particularly harmful to the health of this age group13.Nutritional,health and marketing claims can create a misleading health halo around products,potentia

102、lly confusing parents when many of these foods products contain high levels of sugar14.The WHO discourages promotional claims on foods for infants and young children,as these claims idealise commercial products over unprocessed foods.The NHS advises that babies under 12 months do not need snacks.Onc

103、e children reach 1 year old,healthy snacks such as vegetable sticks or slices of fruit(among others)can be introduced between meals15.The government is due to publish voluntary guidance on the marketing,labelling and composition of commercial baby food and drink,but there are widespread calls for th

104、ese to be strengthened in line with WHO recommendations and made mandatory to ensure maximum protection for families.Overall,the combination of extensive advertising and promotions on unhealthy foods coupled with misleading health claims on commercial baby foods creates an impossible environment for

105、 individuals to navigate.Government must step in to regulate industrys influence over our decisions,implementing measures to take unhealthy foods out of the limelight and elevate healthy foods.THE BROKEN PLATE 202520Percentage of breakfast cereals and yogurts marketed to children categorised as high

106、,medium and low in sugar2019202020212022202320240%100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%2021202220230%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%Source:Analysis by Action on Salt and SugarPercentage of productsBreakfast cereals201920202021202220232024100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%2021202220232024YogurtsAnalysis of Action on Salt and S

107、ugars latest annual survey for Broken Plate reveals a decline in the availability of healthy breakfast cereals and yogurts marketed to children.Only 3%of breakfast cereals(just four products)and 5%of yogurts(only three products)are classified as low in sugar,down from 7%and 8%respectively the previo

108、us year.The availability of low sugar breakfast cereals has deteriorated year on year since 2020,showing the situation is progressing in the wrong direction.After what looked like a positive improvement last year,the proportion of surveyed yogurts low in sugar has disappointingly deteriorated.More p

109、ositively,the proportion of high sugar yogurts remains at 0%.FOOD ENVIRONMENT METRICS AVAILABILITYMETRIC 4 Only 3%of breakfast cereals and 5%of yogurts marketed to children are low in sugar.Sugar in childrens food products 49%3%48%37%9%54%29%8%4%63%96%25%7%4%68%96%22%7%8%71%92%23%3%5%74%95%2023.Prov

110、ided by Impact on Urban Health,licensed via a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license.21High streets and town centres continue to be dominated by typically unhealthy fast-food outlets.Our updated analysis shows a quarter of places to buy food in England were fast-food outlets in June 2024,a figure that has remained

111、 largely unchanged since Broken Plate began monitoring in 2018.At the local authority level,26 out of 326 local authorities(8%)saw an increase(defined as greater than 5%)in proportion of fast-food outlets between 2023 and 2024.A mere six local authorities(2%)saw a decrease during the period.The prop

112、ortion of fast-food outlets also remains much higher in more deprived areas.31%of places to buy food are fast-food outlets in the most deprived fifth of areas,compared to 22%proportion in the least deprived fifth of areas.THE BROKEN PLATE 20254%4%Proportion of all food outlets in England that are fa

113、st-food outletsPercentage of all food outlets in England that are fast-food outlets by deprivation quintile201825.1%201925.4%202025.6%202126.2%202225.6%Source:Data from Ordnance Survey and analysed in collaboration with the MRC Epidemiology Unit at the University of Cambridge.Crown copyright and dat

114、abase rights 2024 Ordnance Survey(100025252).This product includes data licensed from PointX Database Right/Copyright(2024)and OS Crown Copyright(2024).All rights reserved.Index of Multiple Deprivation quintile(most to least deprived)123450%30%20%10%METRIC 5A quarter(26%)of places to buy food in Eng

115、land are fast-food outlets,remaining unchanged for six years.Places to buy food2023202425.8%25.9%30.6%27.9%25.5%23.9%21.8%22FOOD ENVIRONMENT METRICS AVAILABILITYImproving the balance between availability of healthy and unhealthy food options is another crucial aspect of our food environments that go

116、vernment must address to enhance the health of the nation.The ease with which a person can access food influences what they eat.As such,ensuring that healthy options are readily available in settings where people purchase and eat food whether on high streets,in supermarkets,or in school or work cant

117、eens has profound implications for both public health and social equity.A clear example of the high availability of unhealthy food is the overwhelming presence of fast-food outlets in many neighbourhoods.Our analysis shows that a quarter(26%)of all food outlets in England are fast-food outlets,risin

118、g to nearly a third in the most deprived areas(Metric 5,p21).The convenience of fast food,coupled with its widespread availability,often makes it the default choice for busy families with limited time and resources.The proportion of food consumed out of home accounted for by takeaways and fast-food

119、outlets increased from around a third(31%)before the pandemic in 2019,to almost half(47%)in 202116.This is important because fast food has been directly linked to rising rates of food-related ill-health,including diabetes and cardiovascular disease17.Furthermore,the out of home sector typically feat

120、ures a high proportion of foods with high environmental footprint on their menus.Our State of the Food Industry 2024 report found that across the 63 businesses included in the analysis,only 33%didnt contain meat or fish.Despite local authorities having the power to restrict the opening of new unheal

121、thy food outlets on public health grounds,only half in England and Wales use planning guidance to limit the proliferation of fast-food establishments18.Even when such restrictions exist,they are often ineffective as some major fast-food chains are classified as restaurants and therefore exempt from

122、these policies.The lack of progress in the past six years highlights that strong government intervention is needed.A recent analysis of the impact of Gateshead Councils policy to restrict new fast-food outlets19 revealed that in the areas with the highest concentration of fast-food outlets there was

123、 a statistically significant 4.8%reduction in the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity.This suggests that restricting fast-food outlets may help reduce the prevalence of childhood obesity in highly affected communities.Positively,a recent update to the National Planning Policy Framework no

124、w requires local planning authorities to refuse applications for hot food takeaways and fast-food outlets within walking distance of schools and other places where children congregate20.This offers an opportunity to shift the default to refusing approval for opening new fast-food takeaways near scho

125、ols or in areas of high deprivation,and to give clearer guidance to local authorities about using their planning powers to increase the number of healthy food options and decrease the number of unhealthy ones,with public health at the centre of all decisions.At the same time,greater attention is urg

126、ently needed around the rapidly rising use of takeaway food delivery apps,given that around a quarter of calories accounted for by fast food were ordered online in 202121.These apps involve highly predatory marketing strategies22,and their use is positively associated with living with obesity23.Anot

127、her serious concern regarding availability is the healthiness of the food on the supermarket shelves,particularly products which are targeting children.For instance,we found only 3%of breakfast cereals and 5%of yogurts marketed to children are low in sugar(Metric 4,p20),leaving very few healthy opti

128、ons available to parents,regardless of their desire to feed their children well.This is particularly troubling given that many parents purchase these products under the false assumption that they are healthy,not expecting the high hidden sugar content in these everyday foods.Commentary23THE BROKEN P

129、LATE 2025 Use local authority planning powers to prevent further proliferation of unhealthy fast-food outlets.Create better incentives for reformulation to help shift the balance towards more healthy food.Increase transparency around the types of food businesses sell,with mandatory targets for boost

130、ing sales of healthy and sustainable foods.WHAT NEEDS TO HAPPENGovernment intervention to help incentivise businesses to improve their product portfolios is critical to making healthier and more sustainable options more readily available.A starting point would be greater transparency from food busin

131、esses regarding the nutritional quality and sustainability of their product portfolio.Manufacturers and retailers must be more transparent about their sales of food which is unhealthy,or carries a large environmental footprint,particularly those marketed to children.The Food Data Transparency Partne

132、rship24 provides an opportunity for businesses to demonstrate commitment to improve their practices in this area and should require mandatory reporting of agreed metrics for all businesses.Furthermore,by building on the success of the Soft Drinks Industry Levy and extending the levy to other food ca

133、tegories,there would be a clear fiscal incentive for businesses to reformulate less healthy foods and make healthier options more readily available,while simultaneously raising revenue that can be invested back into programmes for childrens health.These two metrics represent a broader trend seen acr

134、oss a range of settings and products that create our food environments:unhealthy options are too readily available,while healthier choices often require extra effort to find.To reverse this pattern,food environments need to be reshaped so that healthy and more sustainable choices are the easiest and

135、 most accessible options,making them the default rather than something people must actively seek out.2023.Provided by Impact on Urban Health,licensed via a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license.24In 21st century Liverpool:affordable fresh fruit and vegetables in shops should not be an exception.In 21st century Li

136、verpool:spoiled and mouldy fruit and vegetables in shops shouldnt be a norm(they are near me).In 21st century Liverpool:the closest greengrocers shouldnt be 2.2 miles away from home.In 21st century Liverpool:everyone should be able to afford to buy vegetables and fruit from the greengrocers.In 21st

137、century Liverpool:we should not be teased with junk food advertising delicious new choices and free junk food(buy one get one free)which are high in fat,sugar and salt.In 21st century Liverpool:junk food should not be cheaper and easier to obtain than nutritious food.Make healthier options more appe

138、aling,and ban junk food advertising in physical and online environments.FOOD ENVIRONMENT METRICS AVAILABILITYFood Foundation Ambassador Photo StoryMAGDA RECHNIO,LIVERPOOLImages on this page Magda Rechnio25The Four Pillars of Food Insecurity.by Dominic Watters,Kent We live in the most deprived blocks

139、 of this council estate,where our access to nutrition is overlooked.The shop on the estate only sells the lowest quality of ultra-processed food,making this a food desert in the Garden of England.This is what fuel poverty looks like regularly we dont have enough gas or electric to cook with raw ingr

140、edients.This is where the bus never shows up.Its hard to make it out of here.THE BROKEN PLATE 2025Food Foundation Ambassador Photo StoryDOMINIC WATTERS,KENTImages on this page Dominic Watters26Average price per litre of dairy and plant-based milk alternative productsBreakdown of average price per li

141、tre of dairy milk and plant-based milk alternative productsFOOD ENVIRONMENT METRICS PRICE AND AFFORDABILITYCost of more sustainable optionsMETRIC 6More sustainable,plant-based milk alternatives in supermarkets are on average 55%more expensive than dairy milk.202420220.002.001.000.501.502024202220242

142、0222024202220242022Dairy1.001.24RiceAlmondOatSoya1.722.251.532.061.792.001.311.56202420220.002.001.000.501.5020242022Source:Data collected from Aldi,Tesco and Waitrose(May 2022 and September 2024).Dairy milk price per litre is based on 2-pint bottles of fresh semi-skimmed cows milk.Plant-based alter

143、native milk price is an average of all 1 litre almond,oat,rice and soya milk alternatives.1.001.241.611.9227The Food Foundation analysis of plant-based milk alternative products found that on average they are 55%more expensive than fresh dairy milk(1.92/litre versus 1.24/litre).Soya remains the chea

144、pest alternative milk but is still on average 26%more expensive than dairy milk.Plant-based milk alternatives have increased on average by 31p per litre since last assessed in The Broken Plate 2022,compared to dairy milk which has increased by 24p per litre.However,the percentage increase for dairy

145、milk over the two-year period was higher(23%compared to 19%for alternative milks),meaning that the average price gap between plant-based milks and dairy milk has decreased slightly(from alternatives costing 60%more than dairy in 2022).The alternative milk type with the greatest increase in average p

146、rice between 2022 and 2024 was almond,increasing by 35%.Soya and oat milk alternatives,meanwhile,increased by 19%and 12%respectively.While plant-based milk alternatives are on average more expensive than dairy milk,the whole category has grown with over a quarter of all UK households buying a plant-

147、based milk product more than once in 202325 which means that there is now a greater range of products available at different price points.Encouragingly,in addition to more premium brands,there are also a growing number of more affordable own-brand product lines.Our survey found that own-brand altern

148、ative milks can be comparable in price or even cheaper than dairy milk.The cheapest 25%of plant-based milks are on average 1.18 per litre which is 6p cheaper than the average price of fresh dairy.Overall,all plant-based alternatives are more environmentally sustainable than dairy milk.However,if not

149、 fortified,they lack key micronutrients found in dairy milk;in particular,cows milk is currently an important contributor to intakes of iodine and calcium in UK diets.Concerns have been raised about inconsistent levels of micronutrient fortification between individual products26,discussed further in

150、 our deep-dive into plant-based milk alternatives27.THE BROKEN PLATE 202528Average price of food and drink by Nutrient Profile Modelling score categorySource:MRC Epidemiology Unit(University of Cambridge)analysis of the Consumer Price Index,ONS Please note:due to methodological changes,findings are

151、not directly comparable to previous reports.Analysis of the Office for National Statistics Consumer Price Index conducted by the University of Cambridge shows a stark disparity in the cost of healthy and less healthy foods,as defined by the governments Nutrient Profile Model.In 2024,more healthy foo

152、ds cost more than twice as much as less healthy options,averaging 8.80 per 1,000 kcal compared to 4.30 for less healthy foods.While this pattern has persisted for at least the past decade,the gap has widened in the past two years with the price of more healthy foods rising by 21%between 2022 and 202

153、4,while less healthy foods saw an increase of 11%.FOOD ENVIRONMENT METRICS PRICE AND AFFORDABILITYCost of healthy foodMETRIC 7 More healthy Less healthy 20242023202220212020201920182017201620150108642On average,healthier foods are more than twice as expensive per calorie as less healthy foods,with h

154、ealthier food increasing in price at twice the rate in the past two years.Average price per 1,000kcal29THE BROKEN PLATE 2025Poverty is nothing new for the Disabled community.Poverty has always been a constant for many who have a disability.Stereotypes,low benefits,societal neglect,political disdain,

155、discrimination poverty is nothing new.And food poverty is part of this.Right now,many Disabled people are skipping meals because households with a Disabled person are more likely to experience food insecurity than those without.Food insecurity for Disabled people means being unable to afford food an

156、d as a result having smaller meals than usual or skipping meals;being hungry but not eating because of food costs;or not eating for a whole day.For someone with complex health needs,this can be catastrophic.Pushing people back to low paid,precarious work is not a route out of poverty.Confidence and

157、pride are finally broken when the only option is the foodbank.For Disabled people,foodbanks are often not able to meet their needs at all despite their best efforts.There can be physical barriers to access,where they cannot travel to a foodbank,or even barriers to physically access the foodbank.Food

158、banks are often unable to cater to specific dietary requirements which are more common among Disabled people,often resulting in a worsening of peoples health.So,the circle of poverty around food,of access to food,of financial ability to buy food,goes around and around.Foodbanks are not the solution.

159、Targeted support and co-operation with the community is.The alternative is a humanitarian crisis on our doorstep.This image shows the brutal reality of disability food poverty.It shows that poverty has always been a constant for the Disabled community.The broken chair represents broken spirit,broken

160、 promises from the political system to improve their lives for the better.The shelves are stacked,but for someone with a physical disability,always too high,too far out of reach,much like the better life always promised but never delivered.Never,ever,ever delivered.Food Foundation Ambassador Photo S

161、toryDAN WHITE,FAREHAMImage on this page Dan White3012345Income quintile(most to least deprived)0%70%60%50%40%30%20%FOOD ENVIRONMENT METRICS PRICE AND AFFORDABILITYThis metric highlights that for many people a healthy diet is financially out of reach.The most deprived fifth of UK households would nee

162、d to spend an unrealistic 45%of their disposable income(after housing costs)to afford the Eatwell Guide the governments official guidance on the types and proportions of food needed for a healthy,nutritious diet.While this has decreased from the peak of the cost-of-living crisis(50%in 202122),it rem

163、ains higher than the previous years figure of 43%(202021).There is a stark disparity in the proportion of disposable income that different income groups must spend to afford the Eatwell Guide,with the least deprived fifth of households only needing to spend 11%.Furthermore,the heightened struggle fo

164、r families with children is also evident:for households with children in the poorest fifth of the population,70%of their disposable income would be needed to achieve a healthy diet.For more,read our blog27.Percentage of disposable income required to afford the Eatwell Guide by income quintilePercent

165、age of disposable income needed to afford the Eatwell Guide for households with and without childrenSource:FoodDB,University of Oxford:London School of Hygiene&Tropical Medicine secondary analysis of the Family Resources Survey 2022-23.Affordability of a healthy dietMETRIC 8Percentage of disposable

166、incomePercentage of disposable incomeIncome quintile(most to least deprived)Income quintile(most to least deprived)In order to afford the government-recommended healthy diet,the most deprived fifth of the population would need to spend 45%of their disposable income on food,rising to 70%for those hou

167、seholds with children.123450%50%40%30%20%10%50.0%70.0%60.0%50.0%40.0%30.0%20.0%10.0%45%70%38%29%20%12%42%22%20%15%10%27%22%16%11%Households with children Households without children1234531THE BROKEN PLATE 2025Food issues intersect with poverty issues,which relate to housing,space and the complete no

168、n-recognition of unpaid domestic labour.This government and former governments have put an emphasis on work above all else,whilst completely failing to recognise the time and energy that goes into preparing healthy food.Forcing single parents back to work has a detrimental effect on their ability to

169、 provide for their children.Unpaid domestic labour is the backbone of society and provides for us all.If we want to move towards a healthy and sustainable diet and future for our children,we need to recognise this and ensure that mothers are adequately provided for when it comes to money and housing

170、.At the moment,the housing crisis and the complete stigmatisation of the benefits system means providing adequately for our children is a pipe dream.Food Foundation Ambassador Photo StoryEMMA LOFFLER,LONDONImages on this page Emma Loffler32FOOD ENVIRONMENT METRICS PRICE AND AFFORDABILITYThese metric

171、s clearly demonstrate that the affordability of healthy and sustainable food persists as being one of the most significant factors which government needs to address to improve what people across the nation eat,particularly for those with limited budgets.Food insecurity remains highly prevalent in th

172、e UK.The Food Foundations Food Insecurity Tracker29 shows that 1 in 7 households are food insecure,affecting approximately 7 million adults and 3 million children across the UK.The demand for emergency food support has substantially risen in recent years,with Trussell recording a 94%increase in the

173、need for food bank parcels over the last five years30 and nearly three-quarters of IFAN(Independent Food Aid Network)food banks have seen an increase in need comparing November 2023January 2024 to the same period a year before31.The serious need to address this was recognised by Labour,committing to

174、 end mass dependence on emergency food parcels in their manifesto.Addressing the affordability of a healthy diet is pivotal to achieving this ambition.Affordability is influenced by families income and the price of food,as well as the cost of other essentials.Through the crisis,many household income

175、s failed to keep pace with the rapidly rising cost of essentials32,with families often sacrificing food to cope with meeting other financial demands.While inflation has fallen sharply since the peak of the cost-of-living crisis,this does not mean that prices are falling,merely that they are rising l

176、ess quickly33.For many,the crisis is far from over.Indeed,the analysis in this report finds the most deprived households would need to spend 45%of their disposable income on food to afford the government-recommended healthy diet(Metric 8,p30).This illustrates that the living and minimum wage,as well

177、 as social security,are not providing people in the lowest income brackets with sufficient income to afford an adequate diet,exposing them to poor quality diets and the health consequences that brings.Moreover,the data shows a significantly worse picture for families with children(almost 1 in 5 expe

178、riencing food insecurity,and the most deprived households needing to allocate 70%of their disposable income to afford the Eatwell Guide).Therefore,the governments ministerial Child Poverty Taskforce must consider what measures are specifically needed to improve access to affordable,healthy food for

179、low income families to protect children from the harms of inadequate nutrition.Food insecurity has significant consequences for health and,therefore,addressing affordability barriers to a healthy diet is also essential for Labour to deliver on their ambition to create the healthiest generation of ch

180、ildren ever.Our analysis finds that healthier food options are on average twice as expensive per calorie as less healthy options(Metric 7,p28),putting them financially out of reach for many low income families and making them a less appealing option for those with more means.Moreover,the price of he

181、althier foods has increased more quickly by 21%over the past two years compared to a 11%increase for less healthy foods.This sharp rise exacerbates the struggles of families already grappling with financial insecurity,making it increasingly harder for them to afford an adequate diet.The impact of th

182、is was seen in a Food Foundation survey revealing that 60%of households experiencing food insecurity reported reducing their purchases of fruit,44%cut back on vegetables,and 59%on fish34.A similar issue is seen with the price of more sustainable options.Given the importance of price in driving food

183、choice,the price premium for many more sustainable products is an obstacle to their consumption.While diets can be changed to reduce climate impacts35,more sustainable alternatives to meat and dairy often come with a higher price tag,creating a barrier to wider use.For example,plant-based dairy alte

184、rnatives typically generate fewer greenhouse gases,use less water and require considerably less land than dairy milk36.However,more sustainable,plant-based milk alternatives for home consumption are on average 55%more expensive than dairy milk(Metric 6,p26)(1.92/litre versus 1.24/litre).In the out-o

185、f-home sector,citizens are often Commentary33THE BROKEN PLATE 2025WHAT NEEDS TO HAPPENcharged extra to swap dairy for plant-based milk alternatives in their drinks.Encouragingly,the gap between average prices for plant-based milks and dairy milk has fallen slightly,and more affordable alternative mi

186、lks are available for home consumption.Yet,some affordable alternative milks are generally less widely available,and do not currently receive the visibility of more expensive,heavily branded product lines.It is important to ensure that both the availability and visibility of these more affordable su

187、stainable alternatives increase,so that people can access them in shops of all sizes.While all plant-based milk alternatives have a lower environmental impact compared to dairy milk,not all are nutritionally comparable.Minimum nutritional composition requirements are needed to ensure that these more

188、 sustainable alternatives consistently deliver on health as well as on the environment.All these challenges must be solved to ensure that everyone in the UK,regardless of their background,can afford a healthy and sustainable diet.Key steps towards this include adjusting wages and benefit levels to r

189、eflect the cost of healthy and sustainable diets,as well as developing fiscal policies to rebalance the cost of healthy and sustainable options.Ensure everyone has sufficient income to afford to eat a healthy and sustainable diet.Rebalance the cost of food so healthy and sustainable options are the

190、most affordable.34THE BROKEN PLATE 202534CLEARERBOLDER WHOLE OFNORMSLEADERSHIPINVESTOR SIGNALSGOVERNMENT INTERVENTIONBETTER BUSINESSSTRONGER CITYHEALTHY AND SUSTAINABLE DIETS FOR ALLPrice and affordabilityAppealAvailability 2023.Provided by Impact on Urban Health,licensed via a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licen

191、se.THE BROKEN PLATE 202535Diet qualityEnvironment OutcomesHealth OutcomesOUTCOME METRICSP40Greenhouse gas emissions from the food systemP44Childrens weightP36Nutritious food consumption P46Diabetes-related amputationsP47Dental decay360105Income quintile0321Source:Analysis of the National Diet and Nu

192、trition Survey(Year 9 to 11)*1 portion=80g4Nutritious food consumptionMETRIC 9OUTCOME METRICS DIET QUALITYProportion of advertising spend on different food categoriesIncome quintile QUINTILE 1(Most deprived)QUINTILE 2 QUINTILE 3 QUINTILE 4 QUINTILE 5(Least deprived)RECOMMENDED DAILY INTAKE Income qu

193、intileIncome quintileIncome quintileOn average,children consume less than half the recommended amount of fruit and vegetables but over twice the recommended amount of sugar.Nutritional intake among children by quintile of deprivationFRUIT AND VEG(portions*/day)AOAC FIBRE(g/day)SATURATED FATTY ACIDS(

194、%energy)FREE SUGARS(%energy)Source:Analysis of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey(Year 9 to 11)Data on fruit and veg are for children aged 12-18 years old.All other data are for children aged 1.5-18 years old.0108642432101510502520151050121086420*1 portion=80g.Data for fruit and veg consumption

195、is for children aged 12-18 years old.37Analysis of the latest National Diet and Nutrition Survey shows children across all income groups are consuming significantly lower amounts of healthy foods,and significantly more unhealthy foods than recommended for good health.On average,children aged 12-18 y

196、ears old consume less than half of the recommended five portions of fruit and vegetables per day(2.4 portions/day based on a portion size of 80g)and more than double the recommended daily allowance of free sugars,accounting for 11.8%of total daily calorie intake on average compared to the recommende

197、d maximum of 5%.The percentage of calories from saturated fat also exceeds the recommended daily maximum of 10%,with an average intake across all children of 13.1%.There is a strong income gradient to the underconsumption of healthy foods.Children from the most deprived income quintile consume 20%le

198、ss fruit and vegetables than the least deprived income quintile(2.1 portions/day compared to 2.6 portions/day respectively,based on adult portion sizes of 80g).While consumption of fibre is also well below the recommended daily intake for all groups,the most deprived income quintile consumes 17%less

199、 than the least deprived quintile.THE BROKEN PLATE 202538OUTCOME METRICS DIET QUALITYThe poor nutritional quality of childrens diets in the UK should be a major concern for the government.Our analysis indicates that children are consuming less than the recommended daily amount of many healthy food g

200、roups,while at the same time overconsuming nutrients such as free sugars and saturated fat.Indeed,on average,children consume less than half the recommended amount of fruit and veg but over twice the recommended amount of sugar(Metric 9,p36).There is a stark income gradient for several healthy food

201、groups and nutrients,including fruit and vegetables and fibre consumption,which are all significantly lower in the most deprived groups.This is concerning as fruit and vegetables contain important vitamins and minerals and dietary fibre.Dietary fibre has multiple health benefits including improving

202、digestion and increasing feelings of satiety after eating,as well as reducing the risk of chronic conditions such as heart disease,stroke,type 2 diabetes and bowel cancer in adulthood38.Dietary patterns established in childhood typically continue into adulthood,and also increase the risk of early pr

203、ecursors to these diseases for example,adverse blood lipids,hypertension and hyperglycaemia.While the poorest children have the lowest quality diets,it is worth noting that all income groups consume significantly less of these important healthy food groups and nutrients than is recommended.Children

204、across the income spectrum also consume significantly more unhealthy nutrients like sugar and saturated fat than recommended.High saturated fat intake is linked to heart disease,stroke and certain cancers in adults39.Excessive sugar intake is associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes,and is the le

205、ading cause of dental cavities in the UK40.The affordability,availability and appeal dimensions of the food environment discussed in this report illustrate some of the key factors which ultimately shape the quality of diets.As the metrics have shown,healthy and sustainable foods are typically less a

206、ffordable and less readily available than unhealthy foods,as well as less promoted and therefore often less appealing.The result is that people in the UK continue to consume less of the healthy foods that nourish the body,and more of the unhealthy foods that are harmful.Dietary intake has a critical

207、 impact on health outcomes across the population and is particularly important for young children as their brains and bodies grow,and as they establish lifelong food habits and preferences.Bold actions are needed if Labour are to succeed in their ambition of raising the healthiest generation of chil

208、dren ever in Britain.Commentary39THE BROKEN PLATE 2025The lack of culturally appropriate food in schools influences dietary behaviour.I wanted to show what a healthy food environment looks like through my photos:when culture meets nutrition.When these healthy choices are unavailable,unaffordable,ina

209、ccessible and unappetising,people will go for food lower in nutritional value.Children skip lunch at school because the offering doesnt align with their cultural needs.This will hinder their learning and development.Policymakers can create a fairer UK by fostering a healthier food environment.A gove

210、rnment that supports culturally appropriate Free School Meals fosters inclusivity,respect for diversity,and better nutrition for low-income families.I also want to see the government support communities with grants that fund food education and allow people to grow and cook their own food.This is not

211、 just about diet its about cultural diversity through food,which can also educate people,especially children,about different cultures and skills.We want thriving and cohesive communities,and this can only happen when we include everyone.Food Foundation Ambassador Photo StoryGLORY OMOAKA,GLASGOW Imag

212、es on this page Glory Omoaka40202260%While UK emissions for the whole economy fell by 38%between 2008 and 2022,emissions from the food system fell by just 17%over the same period of time.Greenhouse gas emissions from the food systemMETRIC 10OUTCOME METRICS ENVIRONMENT OUTCOMESIndex:2008=100%Comparis

213、on of domestic greenhouse gas emissions from whole UK economy and food sectorSource:Analysis by Green Alliance WHOLE UK ECONOMY UK FOOD SECTOR 2008 BASELINEGreenhouse gas emissions as a percentage of 2008 levels202262%83%0%80%40%20%60%100%41Between 2008(the baseline for this analysis)and 2022,greenh

214、ouse gas emissions in the UK across the whole economy fell by 38%.However,the food sector has lagged behind,achieving only a 17%reduction from baseline over the same period,indicating that far greater action is needed to reduce emissions from the food system to prevent further climate change.Some re

215、ductions in food sector emissions may be attributed to spillovers from other sectors,such as more efficient appliances and increased renewable energy use,not cleaner farming or eating41.Emissions from agriculture,the largest contributor within the food sector,have decreased by just 2%,and yet accoun

216、ted for 46%of total UK food emissions in 2022,making it one of the most important targets for reducing our greenhouse gas emissions.Waste disposalTHE BROKEN PLATE 2025Greenhouse gas emissions in the UK food systemSource:Analysis by Green Alliance46%6%9%7%9%6%5%1%12%AgricultureTransportFertiliser man

217、ufacturingFood manufacturingPackagingHome relatedRetailCatering42OUTCOME METRICS ENVIRONMENT OUTCOMESOur food system is severely damaging the planet,contributing heavily to both greenhouse gas emissions and biodiversity loss.Globally,the food system is the second-largest source of greenhouse gas emi

218、ssions after the energy sector,accounting for a third of emissions42.This highlights the major role that our food system plays in driving climate change.If the UK is serious about its commitments under the Paris Agreement43 to hold the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2C,tran

219、sforming the way we produce,process and consume food is essential.In the UK,emissions from the food system account for 19%of our domestic greenhouse gas emissions,rising to nearly 30%when emissions from imports are included.Despite this,there is no acknowledgement of the need for dietary changes in

220、the governments Net Zero strategy.While emissions across the UK economy decreased by 38%between 2008 and 2022,the food system achieved only a 17%reduction in the same period(Metric 10,p40).These trends suggest that the food system is falling behind in decarbonisation,underscoring the need for system

221、ic change.In addition to its impact on climate change,the food system is a leading cause of biodiversity loss.Industrial food production and agricultural practices can lead to habitat destruction and land use changes(also the biggest driver of food system emissions44).Along with other intensive prac

222、tices,these can harm wildlife,damage natural ecosystems and accelerate species extinctions.UK diets,especially the consumption of ruminant meats like beef and lamb,are directly linked to increased extinction risks for numerous species45.Analysis by the Mandala Research Consortium into the impact of

223、land use on approximately 30,000 vertebrate species found that while current UK diets are putting species at risk of becoming extinct,shifting to plant-based diets could reduce the projected number of extinctions linked to current dietary habits by 58%(unpublished research shared with The Food Found

224、ation).Furthermore,the analysis found that 92%of the impact of UK diets on species extinction occurs overseas due to the high volume of animal products that are imported to the UK from other countries.For example,25%of our lamb and 5%of our beef are produced in Australia and New Zealand46.This incre

225、ases the risk of species extinction linked to UK diets because in those countries ruminant production is fairly concentrated in areas with high biodiversity,and many of the animal species subsequently at risk exist only in that part of the world.Ensuring post-Brexit trade deals do not lead to increa

226、sed imports of foods that have a high impact on biodiversity,such as meat,is therefore essential to avoid further exacerbating environmental damage.Addressing these environmental impacts of our food system is crucial if the government is to meet its commitments to cut greenhouse gas emissions,protec

227、t 30%of UK land by 2030,halt wildlife decline by 203047,48 and forge a global deal on nature conservation49,50.Furthermore,climate change and biodiversity loss both pose serious risks to food and nutrition security,as well as to the economy,by increasing extreme weather events and reducing harvests5

228、1,52,53.To create a more environmentally sustainable food system,food environments should enable people to shift their diets towards increased consumption of minimally processed,plant-based,alternatives such as vegetables and legumes.These foods offer benefits for both sustainability and health54.Ac

229、hieving this requires making minimally processed,plant-based options more affordable,accessible and appealing to everyone.Commentary43THE BROKEN PLATE 2025Decision:On one side you have food insecurity depicted as a bare and dry tree,while on the other,a luscious thriving tree depicts a society where

230、 consumers,our health and environment are prioritized.The building behind the trees signifies the closed walls of the government,making decisions for us.Their eyes are open and yet we are not seen.The cars on the road signify us:knocking on the doors of the government,saying let us in,we deserve a s

231、eat at the table.Choices:When it comes to the basic necessities of life including food the government,businesses and postcodes decide for us.The three apples signify this reality:the whole apple signifies big food corporations who decide on procurement,supply and demand;the apple with a small bite s

232、ignifies the government who makes the choices of affordability and availability;and the threadbare apple signifies the consumers who suffer the fate of the choices.Measurement:Eat,shop according to your need,avoid waste an ideal and appealing future,and unaffordable and unavailable present.Food Foun

233、dation Ambassador Photo StoryWENA ISENAME,EDINBURGHImages on this page Wena Isename44Childrens weightMETRIC 11OUTCOME METRICS HEALTH OUTCOMESSource:NHS Digital,Public Health Scotland,Public Health Wales NHS Trust*Due to insufficient data in Wales for the 2019/20 official statistics report and limite

234、d data for the 2020/21 and 2021/22 years,a data gap remains within those years.Percentage of children living with obesity in their first year at school in the most and least deprived neighbourhoods Most deprived quintile Least deprived quintilePercentage of childrenEngland2016/172017/182018/192019/2

235、02020/212021/222022/232023/240%20%10%8%6%4%2%22%18%16%14%12%Percentage of childrenWales*Scotland2016/172017/182018/192019/202020/212021/222022/232023/2412.4%12.4%12.7%12.8%19%13.6%12%12.5%6.4%6.3%6.3%6.5%8.8%6.2%6.3%6.5%14.9%14.2%15.2%13.6%8.7%8.7%8.2%8.3%7.8%13.3%13.1%13.6%13.3%21.4%15.7%14%14.0%7.

236、2%6.7%6.4%6.3%8.3%7.4%6.9%6.4%2016/172017/182018/192019/202020/212021/222022/232023/24Children in the most deprived fifth of the population are nearly twice as likely to be living with obesity as those in the least deprived fifth by their first year of school.EnglandScotlandWales*2023.Provided by Im

237、pact on Urban Health,licensed via a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license.45THE BROKEN PLATE 2025The most recent annual government data on childhood weight shows persistent disparities in obesity rates among children by their first year of school.In England,approximately 12.5%of children from the most deprived gr

238、oups are living with obesity,compared to 13.6%in Wales and 14.0%in Scotland.In contrast,obesity rates among children from the least deprived fifth of the population are 6.5%in England,7.8%in Wales,and 6.4%in Scotland.This means that children from the most deprived groups are nearly twice as likely t

239、o be living with obesity by the time they start school.Although the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has declined from the peak levels observed during the Covid-19 pandemic,levels remain high across all socio-economic groups.2023.Provided by Impact on Urban Health,licensed via a CC BY-

240、NC-ND 4.0 license.46OUTCOME METRICS HEALTH OUTCOMESSource:National Diabetes Audit Complications and Mortality Outcomes dashboard.Includes type 1 and type 2 diabetes-related major and minor amputations.Diabetes-related lower-limb amputations have increased by 68%since 2009.Diabetes-related amputation

241、sMETRIC 12Diabetes related lower-limb amputations in England and Wales by deprivation quintileData from the National Diabetes Audit shows a significant increase in cases of lower-limb amputation,rising 68%between 2009 and 2022,when a total of 9,155 cases were recorded in England and Wales.Obesity is

242、 one of the main causes of type 2 diabetes55,and lower-limb amputations are one of its severe chronic complications56.Damage to blood vessels and nerves caused by the bodys inability to regulate glucose levels in the blood can result in tissue death and infections over time,which can ultimately requ

243、ire amputation.Deprived groups are much more likely to be affected by type 2 diabetes,and subsequently to experience a lower-limb amputation.People with diabetes in the most deprived quintile were almost three times more likely to experience a lower-limb amputation than the least deprived quintile i

244、n 2022(2,760 cases in the poorest fifth of the population compared to 1,000 cases in the most well off fifth).Q1-Most deprived Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5-Least deprivedCases47Children in the most deprived fifth of the population are more than twice as likely to have tooth decay in their permanent teeth compared to

245、 those in the least deprived by their last year of primary school.Source:Oral health survey of children in Year 6 2023,OHIDPrevalence of dental decay in permanent(adult)teeth among children in the last year of primary school by income quintileChildrens dental decayMETRIC 13THE BROKEN PLATE 202512345

246、Income Quintile(most to least deprived)0%20%10%8%6%4%2%28%26%24%22%18%16%14%12%Prevalence of dental decay(%)Prevalence of dental decay(%)Income Quintile(most to least deprived)The Office for Health Improvement and Disparities Oral Health Survey found that 16%of children in their last year of primary

247、 school in England have experienced tooth decay in their permanent(adult)teeth.Furthermore,there is an inequality gradient whereby children from the most deprived areas are more than twice as likely to have experienced tooth decay(23%)compared to those in the least deprived areas(10%)57.The Hospital

248、 Episodes Statistics for 2022-2023 provided further evidence of this disparity,showing that children from the most deprived areas had a decay-related tooth extraction rate nearly 3.5 times higher than those from the most affluent areas(381 episodes per 100,000 population compared to 109 episodes per

249、 100,000 population)58.23%18%15%13%10%48OUTCOME METRICS HEALTH OUTCOMESThe dire state of the nations health is a crucial issue that the government must overcome to improve the quality of lives of its citizens,to ensure a productive workforce that can boost the economy and GDP,and crucially to take p

250、ressure off the overburdened healthcare system.While there are many factors that contribute to the health of the nation,what people eat is clearly one of the main drivers of health issues in the UK.The root of the problem lies in a food system that is not designed to make it easy to eat healthily,as

251、 described by the metrics throughout this report.More nutritious options such as fruits,vegetables,and other essentials are out of reach for many while the food system instead promotes excessive consumption of unhealthy foods59.Stark inequalities in health exist between households and between region

252、s of the country.Childhood obesity is one such health issue where inequalities are clear.Children from the most deprived fifth of the population are nearly twice as likely to be living with obesity in their first year of school compared to children from the least deprived fifth(Metric 11,p44).This d

253、isparity is also seen in complications from obesity.For example,there has been a 68%increase in diabetes-related amputations since 2009(Metric 12,p46)-a stark reminder of the severe and preventable complications of poor-quality diets and unhealthy food environments.Poor quality diet also contributes

254、 to inequalities in dental decay.Children in the most deprived fifth of the population are more than twice as likely to have tooth decay in their adult teeth compared to those in the least deprived by their last year of primary school(Metric 13,p47).Alongside access to fluoride and dental care,high

255、sugar intake is a key factor driving tooth decay and therefore,reducing sugar intake and improving access to healthy foods are essential steps in addressing these health inequalities.Addressing these inequalities will require strong policies and commitments to tackling social and commercial determin

256、ants of health,including access and affordability of healthy and sustainable food.Health-related inequalities were recognised by Labour in their manifesto where they committed to“halve the gap in healthy life expectancy between the richest and poorest regions in England”,as well as have“the healthie

257、st generation of children ever”.To achieve these ambitions,the current cycle of junk food consumption must be disrupted,and bold steps must be taken by the government to prioritise the reduction of dietary health inequalities,securing policies that are urgently needed to ensure everyone has the abil

258、ity to thrive and live in good health.Commentary49THE BROKEN PLATE 2025Cardiovascular disease(CVD)costs the NHS 7.4 billion and the economy an estimated 15.8 billion a year in England60.The NHS puts eating a healthy diet as the number one way to prevent CVD and heart attacks.When the costs are so hi

259、gh,why is it so hard to afford a healthy diet?Increase benefits,increase wages,improve health.Make food affordable and a healthy population follows.50p per meal,at what cost?5 for a“healthy”meal,not a cost I can afford.Food Foundation Ambassador Photo StoryKATHLEEN KERRIDGE,PORTSMOUTHImages on this

260、page Kathleen KerridgeTHE BROKEN PLATE 202550This report exposes a troubling reality.The data clearly show that too many people in the UK lack the financial means to access decent food,and that much of the food that is easily available and marketed to us is damaging to our health and our planet.But

261、we can change this.Our food system can be reshaped so that the healthiest and most sustainable options are the most affordable,available and appealing.A more nourishing and more sustainable food system can underpin a healthy and prosperous society in which everyone,regardless of income or background

262、,can eat food that promotes health and wellbeing,protects our planet and future food supply,and strengthens our society and economy.Everyone can play a part in building the food system we want for our country from policymakers to food businesses,local authorities,investors and citizens,but we need b

263、etter structures in place which allow the right people to be involved at the right moments.We have very few opportunities for meaningful engagement between citizens and policymakers on food policy;and we have too many examples of businesses lobbying against the introduction of policies which could m

264、ake a difference.The Food Foundations manifesto provides a roadmap of key policies that can improve access and affordability of nutritious food and shape healthy and sustainable food environments.Ultimately political leadership,supported by our best civil servants,is the key to unlocking change but

265、has been in short supply in recent years.The Labour Party manifesto committed to end mass dependency on emergency food parcels,reduce child poverty levels and raise the healthiest generation of children ever.The proposed Food Strategy,Child Poverty Strategy and broader thinking on food insecurity ar

266、e all in train,creating an excellent opportunity but these must all come together to deliver coherent,significant and swift action.We applaud the commitments and ambition:now it is time for action.Conclusion 2023.Provided by Impact on Urban Health,licensed via a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license.THE BROKEN PL

267、ATE 202551This section provides a brief overview of the sources and methods used to calculate each metric in the report.Further details on the methodologies can be found in the Broken Plate Technical Report,available from The Food Foundations website.FOOD PROMOTIONSQuestionmark identified a total of

268、 17,686 multibuy and price reduction promotions.The Governments Nutrition Profiling Model(NPM)was used to assess the healthiness of offers.According to these criteria,foods scoring 4 or more points,and drinks scoring 1 or more points are classified as high in fat,salt and/or sugar(HFSS).Products lac

269、king nutrient information online were categorised as“unknown”.The ingredients list was used to identify products containing sweeteners and emulsifiers.ADVERTISING EXPENDITURE ON FOODData from Nielsen on advertising spend in the UK for food and soft drinks between August 2023 and July 2024 were analy

270、sed,covering cinema,direct mail,door drops,outdoor,press,radio and TV.The percentage of advertising spend on different categories of food and drink,and on brand advertising was then calculated.Data was compared to previous years Broken Plate reports.This year Nielsen also ran a report on food and dr

271、ink advertising spend on digital and social media channels during this period.Given the fast-moving and highly targeted nature of advertising spend on digital and social media,Nielsen data on these channels is indicative rather than capturing actual spend.MARKETING OF INFANT FOODSBetween January Apr

272、il 2024,Action on Sugar collected data from ten major supermarkets(Aldi,Asda,the Co-operative,Lidl,Marks and Spencer,Morrisons,Sainsburys,Tesco,Waitrose,and Iceland/The Food Warehouse)to assess baby and toddler snacks.136 snacks met the inclusion criteria.Sugar content was assessed using adult front

273、 of pack colouring criteria as there are no equivalent criteria for baby food(sugar data are based on total sugars,but most of the sugars in these products are free sugars).Packaging of products was then assessed for promotional claims on front-of-pack according to the World Health Organisations pro

274、hibited compositional,health and marketing claim definitions and allowed promotional messages.SUGAR IN CHILDRENS FOOD PRODUCTS Between January April 2024,Action on Salt and Sugar collected data from nine major supermarkets(Aldi,Asda,the Co-operative,Lidl,Ocado(including Marks and Spencer),Morrisons,

275、Sainsburys,Tesco,and Waitrose)to assess the nutritional content of breakfast cereals and yogurts with packaging marketed to children.Information was mostly collected in store.Products that were available last year but not found in store were searched for online via retailer websites.Data from 136 br

276、eakfast cereals and 66 yogurts were captured.Products were then assessed against the Governments Front of Pack nutrition labelling guidance.The data have been compared to data from previous Broken Plate reports to assess changes over time.PLACES TO BUY FOOD Data on the proportion of fast-food outlet

277、s out of the total number of food outlets for each local authority were obtained by the MRC Epidemiology Unit at the University of Cambridge from Ordnance Surveys Points of Interest(POI)dataset for June 2024.The average proportion of fast-food outlets out of all food outlets within all local authori

278、ties in England was calculated.The data have been compared to data from previous Broken Plate reports to assess changes over time.All local authorities were numbered according to their IMD ranking and divided into quintiles in equal proportions.The average density of fast-food outlets for each quint

279、ile of deprivation was then calculated.COST OF MORE SUSTAINABLE OPTIONSThe price and nutritional information of the of milk and milk-alternatives being sold online from Aldi,Tesco and Waitrose were collected in September 2024.Data was gathered for all almond,oat,rice,and soya milk alternative 1 litr

280、e products targeted at the general population.We did not include flavoured milk alternatives e.g.chocolate.Average product prices were calculated for individual products on sale at different retailers.An average price was then calculated for each alternative milk type and compared with the average p

281、rice of 1 litre of semi-skimmed fresh dairy milk(based on the price for a 2-pint bottle).The proportion of products fortified with key micronutrients was calculated using the scraped nutritional information.Data were compared to previous Broken Plate reports.APPENDIX:METHODS IN SHORT THE BROKEN PLAT

282、E 2025COST OF HEALTHY FOODThe MRC Epidemiology Unit at the University of Cambridge built on food price research first conductedin 201461 and matched price data for food and drink items that have been continuously tracked by the Office for National Statistics Consumer Price Index(CPI)between 2014 and

283、 2024 to food and nutrient data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey.Price per 1,000 kilocalories in each quarter of each year was calculated for each item as well as the mean price across all quarters in each year calculated.Using price per kilocalories is a helpful way to understand the rel

284、ative prices of foods which make up diets and meals,rather than comparing individual products within specific food categories.Each item was categorised as either more healthy or less healthy using the nutrient profiling model developed by the Food Standards Agency(FSA).The methodology for this metri

285、c was updated to include food items from each CPI basket from 2014 to 2024,without excluding items that were not consistently present throughout the entire period.Calorie content was also updated.Outlier items(those priced significantly above the mean)were excluded.Previous years data have been re-a

286、nalysed to reflect the changes in the set of products that have been consistently measured over the time period.AFFORDABILITY OF A HEALTHY DIETThe estimated cost of the Eatwell Guide was estimated using a methodology based on modelling undertaken by researchers at the University of Oxford from onlin

287、e supermarket price data collected in May 2022.This cost(7.48)was then adjusted for inflation since May 2022(giving an updated cost of the Eatwell Guide for April 2024 of 9.07)and based on household composition.Data on household income from the Family Resources Survey for 2022/23 were used to calcul

288、ate the proportion of disposable income(after housing costs were removed)that would be used up by the recommended diet.Data were analysed by income quintiles.The methodology used this year for this metric was updated in 2022,so the findings are not directly comparable to pre-2022 reports.NUTRITIOUS

289、FOOD CONSUMPTIONThis metric used data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey Year 9-11 for children less than 19 years old.Quintiles represent equivalised income.GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM THE FOOD SYSTEM This analysis updates an assessment that originally appeared in the National Food Strat

290、egy62 of emissions from the food system.For each category,emissions in 2008 were drawn from the Food Climate Research Network report Cooking up a Storm63.These figures were updated for 2022 to reflect the decarbonisation progress in each sector of the UK economy,as reported by the Department of Ener

291、gy Security and Net Zero64.CHILDRENS WEIGHTThe data presented were from the Governments national child measurement programmes in Reception in England and Wales,and in Primary 1 in Scotland(aged 4-6 years).The most deprived quintile has been compared with the least deprived quintile.Northern Ireland

292、uses a different definition of obesity and therefore,we are unable to compare it to the other nations.DIABETES-RELATED AMPUTATIONS Data analysed were from the National Diabetes Audit(NDA),Hospital Episode Statistics(HES),Patient Episode Database for Wales(PEDW),and the Office for National Statistics

293、(ONS).Lower limb amputation data is presented for England and Wales for the calendar years 2009 to 2022.Deprivation quintiles are based on the Index of Multiple Deprivation.CHILDRENS DENTAL DECAYThe data presented are from the Sixth National Dental Epidemiology Programme survey of children in Year 6

294、 England,2023,and the Hospital Episode Statistics for 2022-2023 conducted by the Office for Health Improvement and Disparities.Deprivation groups are based on the index of multiple deprivation 2019(IMD 2019)scores based on the home postcodes of the participants.Deprivation scores were used to allow

295、weighting of the data to more closely match the actual distribution of deprivation quintiles in the source population.52THE BROKEN PLATE 202553REFERENCES1.https:/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a7cdac7e5274a2c9a484867/dh_123492.pdf2.https:/ 13.https:/www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c93qlyp42jyo1

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303、ategy.org/63.https:/tabledebates.org/sites/default/files/2020-10/CuaS_web.pdf64.https:/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/65c0d15863a23d0013c821e9/2022-final-greenhouse-gas-emissions-statistical-release.pdfFood Foundation.All rights reserved.Reproduction in part or in whole is prohibited without prior agreement with The Food Foundation.Charity number:1187611