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1、2025The Common Sense Census:Media Use by Kids Zero to Eight Media Use by Kids Zero to Eight The Common Sense Census:2025COMMON SENSE IS GRATEFUL FOR THE GENEROUS SUPPORT AND UNDERWRITING THAT FUNDED THIS RESEARCH REPORTBezos Family FoundationHerman H.Fleishman Foundation Jennifer Caldwell and John H

2、.N.FisherMorgan Charitable FoundationDear Friends,As technology continues to reshape every aspect of our society,it is more crucial than ever to understand its influence on our youngest generation.We are excited to share the latest edition of the Common Sense Census:Zero to Eight,which provides the

3、first comprehensive look since the pandemic at how children from birth to age 8 are engaging with media and technology.We see both challenge and opportunity in our latest findings.While 75%to 80%of parents express concerns about screen medias impact,three-quarters also recognize the potential for le

4、arning and connection.This tensionbalancing technologys risks with its benefitsdefines the modern parenting experience.Parents of young children face the dual challenge of navigating screen media use and preserving fundamental childhood experiences like daily reading,which has declined from 64%to 52

5、%among 5-to 8-year-olds since 2017,even as overall screen time remains steady.The report highlights the convergence of early childhood and technology.Screen time is no longer just a mainstay of childrens entertainment and educationits now an integral part of daily activities for many families.We fou

6、nd that 1 in 5 families now use mobile devices to help manage their childs bedtime routines,mealtimes,and emotional regulation.From the data,several critical themes have emerged:Children are acquiring screens at a younger age.By age 2,4 in 10 children have their own tablet(40%).By age 4,more than ha

7、lf(58%)of children have their own tablet.By age 8,nearly 1 in 4 children have their own cellphone.Overall,51%of children age 8 and younger have their own mobile device(such as a tablet or cellphone).Parent supervision varies significantly by platform,with 62%of parents watching YouTube occasionally

8、alongside their children,but only 17%co-viewing TikTok content.AI is making inroads into early childhood,with nearly one-third of parents reporting their child has used AI for school-related learning.Children from lower-income households are spending nearly twice as much time with screens compared t

9、o those from higher-income households(3:48 vs.1:52 hours daily).Our report aims to help you understand these shifts and navigate them thoughtfully.How we respond to these changes today will shape not just our childrens relationship with technology,but their development,learning,and well-being for ye

10、ars to come.We invite you to explore the full report and our corresponding Parents Ultimate Guides that give practical device advice for kids of all ages.Together,we can build a healthier digital future for our children.James P.Steyer Founder and CEO Common Sense MediaA Letter from Our FounderJames

11、P.Steyer Founder and CEOSuggested citation:Mann,S.,Calvin,A.,Lenhart,A.,and Robb,M.B.(2025).The Common Sense census:Media use by kids zero to eight,2025.San Francisco,CA:Common Sense Media.Fashina Alad Alex Bonus Heather Kirkorian Sarah Pila Vicky RideoutSupreet Mann Angela Calvin Alexa Hasse Amanda

12、 Lenhart Vicky Rideout Michael RobbIpsos U.S.Public AffairsJulia ValdiviaAngela Calvin Supreet Mann Amanda Lenhart Melissa SaphirSupreet Mann Angela Calvin Amanda Lenhart Michael RobbAmy Buller Alice SeilerChristopher Dare Jennifer RobbChristian Medina Beltz Kirsten Olsen Cahill Lisa Cohen Edda Coll

13、ins Coleman Natalia GarciaAdvisers:Survey development and design:Data collection:Survey translation:Data analysis and interpretation:Report writing:Designers:Copy editors:Communications:The report authors and project team express their gratitude to the parents who gave their time to take the survey.

14、We also wish to acknowledge the work of Vicky Rideout for her contributions to the development of the Common Sense Census reports over the past waves of data collection.Additionally,we thank the following individuals for their time and expertise reviewing the survey and providing feedback:Claire Bes

15、sant,Jessica Blacksten,Lin Ong,and Kalia Vogelman-Natan.CreditsKey Findings .1Introduction .10Key Tables.11Overall Screen Media Use.15Mobile Media .17Television,Streaming,and Online Videos.20Video Games and Virtual Reality .23Reading .25Non-Screen Media(Music,Podcasts,Audiobooks,and Smart Speakers).

16、27Parents Experiences with Childrens Media Use.28Parents Perceptions of Childrens Media Use .30Generative AI.33Conclusion.34Methodology.35THE COMMON SENSE CENSUS:MEDIA USE BY KIDS ZERO TO EIGHT,2025 1 COMMON SENSE MEDIA.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.Key Findings1.Children age 8 and younger spend about two and

17、 a half hours(2:27)a day with screen media.FIGURE A.Average daily screen use,by age,2024 Among 0-to 8-year-olds,average daily amount of screen media(hours:minutes)In 2024,caregivers reported that children age 8 and younger spent roughly the same amount of time with screen media as they did in 2020(2

18、:27 vs.2:24 daily).Screen time varies signifi-cantly by age:Children under 2 years old average one hour and three minutes daily,and 2-to 4-year-olds spend two hours and eight minutes.Those age 5 to 8 use screens for about three and a half hours daily(3:28).Boys spend over 30 minutes more on screen m

19、edia each day than girls(2:38 vs.2:07).This includes more time watching television and videos(1:36 vs.1:19)and playing video games(:45 vs.:29).Screen use also differs by income and ethnicity.Children from households earning less than$50,000 per year spend twice as much time with screen media as thos

20、e from households earning$100,000 or more per year(3:48 vs.1:52).FIGURE B.Screen use,by activity,2024 Among 0-to 8-year-olds,percentage of average daily screen time devoted to.2 THE COMMON SENSE CENSUS:MEDIA USE BY KIDS ZERO TO EIGHT,2025 COMMON SENSE MEDIA.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.Consistent with 2020 a

21、nd 2017,watching television and videos dominated the majority of 0-to 8-year-olds screen time in 2024,followed by about a quarter(26%)of screen time spent gaming.Despite overall screen time remaining relatively stable since early 2020,how children use screen media has changed since our last Zero to

22、Eight Census.Children are watching less live television and cable,and are spending more time watching short videos on apps like TikTok,Instagram Reels,or YouTube Shorts,with an average daily use of 14 minutes compared to one minute in early 2020.Average time spent gaming is up from 23 minutes to 38

23、minutes,and video-chatting increased from 1%daily use in 2020 and 2017 to 4%in 2024.FIGURE C.Screen use,by activity,2020 vs.2024 Among 0-to 8-year-olds,percentage of average daily screen time devoted to.THE COMMON SENSE CENSUS:MEDIA USE BY KIDS ZERO TO EIGHT,2025 3 COMMON SENSE MEDIA.ALL RIGHTS RESE

24、RVED.2.Gaming time jumps 65%in four years.Total time spent playing games has increased noticeably since our last Zero to Eight Census survey in early 2020,moving from 23 minutes of total time per day spent by children playing video games across all devices(consoles,handhelds,comput-ers,and smartphon

25、es or tablets)to 38 minutes in 2024.This represents a 65%increase in average time spent gaming.TABLE A.Time spent gaming per day,2011 to 202420112013201720202024Console games:14:10:05:07:13 Console games:10:06:05*n/a:08 Handheld games:04:04:01*n/a:05Computer games:08:05:03:03:04Smartphone or tablet

26、games:03:08:16:13*:21Total gaming:25:23:25*:23*:38Note:An asterisk indicates the item differs significantly(p .05)from 2024.The years 2011 and 2013 are presented for historical reference only and were not tested against 2024 totals.While total gaming time has increased for all age groups of children

27、 since 2020,children age 4 and under show relatively modest jumps.Those under age 2 went from two to three minutes of total video game play per day.Also,2-to 4-year-olds saw an increase in total video game play from 16 minutes to 21 minutes,and we found a large(24-minute)jump from 40 minutes to an h

28、our and four minutes of video game play for 5-to 8-year-olds.This age difference is especially notable for smartphone or tablet gaming,where 2-to 4-year-olds play for about 14 minutes on a typical day,while 5-to 8-year-olds play for more than twice as long,with 34 minutes of daily game play on smart

29、phones or tablets.Households with handheld video game systems(e.g.,Nintendo Switch)also increased 18%since 2017,with 31%of homes owning a handheld video game system in 2017 and 49%owning one in 2024.TABLE B.Time spent gaming per day,by age,20240-to 2-year-olds2-to 4-year-olds5-to 8-year-oldsConsole

30、games:02a:02a:16bHandheld games:00a:03a:08bComputer games:00a:02:06bSmartphone or tablet games:01a:14b:34cTotal gaming:03:211:04Note:Items with different superscripts differ significantly(p .05).4 THE COMMON SENSE CENSUS:MEDIA USE BY KIDS ZERO TO EIGHT,2025 COMMON SENSE MEDIA.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.4.B

31、y 2 years old,4 in 10 children have their own tablet(40%),and by 4 years old,more than half of children(58%)do.Overall,47%of children age 8 and younger have their own tablet device,about the same as in 2020(44%).Three in five(58%)children age 5 to 8 have their own tablet compared to 45%of children a

32、ge 2 to 4.In the majority of U.S.households,there is at least one mobile device,with 96%having a smartphone that connects to the internet,and 75%having a tablet,such as an iPad,Galaxy Tab,Microsoft Surface,or Kindle Fire.Tablets have the highest proportion of ownership among children compared to any

33、 other mobile device.FIGURE E.Tablet ownership by age,2024 Among 0-to 8-year-olds,percentage who own a tablet3.Nearly 1 in 3 kids use AI for learning.Almost one-third of parents report that their child has used artificial intelligence(AI)to learn about school-related mate-rial(29%).One in four say t

34、heir child is learning critical thinking skills from using AI(26%).For older children(age 5 to 8),39%of parents report that their child has used an app or device with AI features to learn about school-related material,and 33%report that they use AI tools to learn critical thinking skills,while 24%re

35、port that their child uses AI tools to create creative content like short stories or art.Among those parents who report that their child(age 0 to 8)has used AI tools,nearly one-quarter feel that the impact of these tools on their childs understanding of school material has been mostly positive(23%).

36、However,a majority of parents(55%)say it has no impact.Similarly,1 in 5 of these parents indicate that use of AI tools has been mostly positive for fostering creativity(20%),but half of these same parents(50%)say it has had no impact.FIGURE D.AI use activities among 5-to 8-year-olds Among 5-to 8-yea

37、r-olds,percentage who ever used an app or device that uses AI to do any of the following activitiesTalk or text with a chatbotCreate creative content like short stories and artLearn critical thinking skillsLearn about school-related material39%33%24%10%Learn about AI8%Age 6Age 4Age 2TotalAge 840%58%

38、62%68%47%THE COMMON SENSE CENSUS:MEDIA USE BY KIDS ZERO TO EIGHT,2025 5 COMMON SENSE MEDIA.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.6.Short-form video platforms are becoming a new source of video viewing for young children.Nearly half(48%)of children age 0 to 8 have watched short videos on platforms like TikTok,YouTube

39、Shorts,or Instagram Reels,with 16%engaging in this activity daily.On average,they spend 14 minutes per day watching short-form video platforms that are not designed for children and that focus on quick,bite-size videos.This is distinct from videos watched on general video hosting platforms like YouT

40、ube,which can contain a mix of short-and long-form content.Among parents who report that their children watch these short-form videos,the average time that children under age 2 spend watching shorter videos is four minutes per day.For children age 2 to 4,that time is 10 minutes per day,and for kids

41、age 5 to 8,the average is 22 minutes per day.FIGURE G.Daily television/video viewing,by type,2024 Among 0-to 8-year-olds,proportion of daily total TV/video viewing that occurred through.5.By 8 years old,nearly 1 in 4 kids have their own cellphone.FIGURE F.Cellphone ownership,by age,2024 Among 0-to 8

42、-year-olds,percentage who own a cellphoneOverall,9%of children age 8 or younger have their own cell-phone,echoing similar findings in 2020(8%).Among children who have their own phone,79%have a smartphone that can go online,use apps,and/or play videos,while 19%have a smartphone that has limited or no

43、 apps or internet access,such as a Pinwheel,Gabb,Troomi,or Bark phone.Very few children with phones(3%)have a simple feature phone that does not have a touch screen,go online,or have apps at all.132%Longer videos on an app,such as YouTube16%Short videos on apps(TikTok,Reels,or YouTube Shorts)6%LiveT

44、V11%DVDs35%Downloaded or streamed(e.g.,Netflix,Amazon Prime,Hulu,Disney+)1 Total amounts may not sum to 100%from the reported subtotals due to rounding and nonresponse.6 THE COMMON SENSE CENSUS:MEDIA USE BY KIDS ZERO TO EIGHT,2025 COMMON SENSE MEDIA.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.7.A large majority of parents

45、have widespread concerns about screen media.Among parents,75%to 80%express consistent concerns about screen media,including worries about excessive use,effects on mental health,and the amount of inappropri-ate content.FIGURE H.Concerns of parents of 0-to 8-year-olds about screen media Percent of par

46、ents of 0-to 8-year-olds who were at least somewhat concerned about the followingTHE COMMON SENSE CENSUS:MEDIA USE BY KIDS ZERO TO EIGHT,2025 7 COMMON SENSE MEDIA.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.8.Parents see screen media as a tool for learning and connection as well as a source for positive content.About 3 in

47、4 parents cited their enthusiasm for screen media as a tool for children to learn new things or explore new inter-ests,as well as connect with friends and family.Parents were also excited about screen media being a source for positive content,such as content that role-models helping behaviors or kin

48、dness.FIGURE I.Enthusiasm of parents of 0-to 8-year-olds about screen media Percent of parents of 0-to 8-year-olds who were at least somewhat enthusiastic about the following8 THE COMMON SENSE CENSUS:MEDIA USE BY KIDS ZERO TO EIGHT,2025 COMMON SENSE MEDIA.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.9.Daily reading decrease

49、s for 5-to 8-year-olds,but increases for children under 2.The percentage of parents who report that their child reads or is read to daily has increased by nearly 10 percentage points for parents of children younger than 2 years old,but has also decreased by the same proportion for older children age

50、 5 to 8.In 2024,more than half(55%)of parents of children younger than 2 reported that they read to their child daily.This is up from 46%in 2020 and 43%in 2017.For older children(age 5 to 8),52%of parents reported that their child reads or is read to daily.This is down from 63%in 2020 and 64%in 2017

51、.FIGURE J.Reading,by age,2017 to 2024 Percentage of children who read or are read to daily10.About 1 in 5 children use devices for comfort,at mealtime,or to fall asleep.Devices can play a role in emotional regulation,with 17%of parents reporting that their child sometimes or often uses a mobile devi

52、ce to calm down when feeling angry,sad,or upset.About 23%of children age 0 to 8 sometimes or often use a mobile device while eating at home,and 22%do so while dining out at a restaurant.Screens are a bedtime companion for some children,with 20%of kids age 8 and under watching or playing on a device

53、every night or most nights to fall asleep.Parents indicated many reasons or situations for when they may let a child use screens.Two-thirds(66%)of parents use screen media at least sometimes to occupy their child in order to get things done or take time for themselves,57%use it to help their child l

54、earn or experience something new,56%use it to bond with or relax together with their child,47%use it to reward good behavior,44%use it to keep their child occupied when in public(e.g.,doctors office,grocery store,restaurant),and a quarter of parents use screen media of any kind(not just mobile devic

55、es)to help their child calm down when they are angry or upset(25%)64%63%52%55%46%43%201720202024 Under 2 5 to 8THE COMMON SENSE CENSUS:MEDIA USE BY KIDS ZERO TO EIGHT,2025 9 COMMON SENSE MEDIA.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.10 THE COMMON SENSE CENSUS:MEDIA USE BY KIDS ZERO TO EIGHT,2025 COMMON SENSE MEDIA.ALL

56、RIGHTS RESERVED.This report represents the fifth wave in a long-running series that tracks the media habits of children age 0 to 8.Since its inception in 2011,this research has documented how digital and traditional media use has evolved among young children across diverse demographics in the United

57、 States.By examin-ing trends across a span of more than a decade,the report highlights shifts in media consumption,providing insights into the role that technology plays in childhood.The last iteration of this survey was conducted in early 2020,just before shut-downs brought on by the COVID-19 pande

58、mic.This report is uniquely positioned as a post-pandemic examination of media use,and comparisons to the 2020 report shed light on changes in childrens media habits over this time period.To capture a view of the current landscape,we included ques-tions about young childrens use of artificial intell

59、igence(AI).While there has been a recent push to understand the role of generative AI in the lives of adolescents(see Madden et al.,The Dawn of the AI Era,2024),there is a lack of research on young childrens use of generative AI and the perceived impact of AI in their lives.This report identifies ho

60、w very young children may be exposed to AI,and the perceived impact that AI has on critical thinking,creativity,and well-being.This report considers how children use a variety of media,including time spent with different devices,type of content viewed,and the social context of their viewing.Addition

61、ally,we consider the role of parents and parent perceptions of childrens media use.To explore differences in use among different children and households,we have segmented the findings by age,gender,household income,and race/eth-nicity,where noteworthy.The report covers a broad range of topics,includ

62、ing:The frequency of childrens use of different types of media(e.g.,devices like smartphones,computers,etc.)and the time they spend engaging in different media activities(e.g.,the style of content,from short-form videos to live broadcasts).The types of media content they view(i.e.,genres of online v

63、ideos).Personal technology ownership,like mobile phones and tablets,as well as technology in the home or social envi-ronment,like smart speakers.Parents perceptions of how media use affects their chil-dren,including the impact of educational media on learning and the use of media for social and emot

64、ional regulation.Parental co-use of technology with their child.Childrens interactions with generative AI,as well as parent perception of AI use to support different out-comes,such as creativity.With screen medias prominence in childrens lives,its necessary to examine how children use screen media r

65、ecre-ationally,and the types of content they are engaging with,in order to understand how parents,caregivers,and educators can help children manage their exposure.Media is central in childrens livesthey use it for homework,entertainment,social connection,and play.The context of their media use is al

66、so very broad,with children often using screens by them-selves and also with others.As media and technology become ever more central in childrens lives,this report serves as a vital resource for policymakers,educators,and caregivers navigating a rapidly changing landscape.IntroductionTHE COMMON SENS

67、E CENSUS:MEDIA USE BY KIDS ZERO TO EIGHT,2025 11 COMMON SENSE MEDIA.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.KEY TABLE A.Time spent with media,by activity,2011 to 2024Among 0-to 8-year-olds,average amount of time spent in a typical day 20112013201720202024Watching television/videos1:441:271:40*1:45*1:28Live TVN/A:39:27*

68、:18*:05Recorded/on demandN/AN/A:10:06N/ADownloaded or streamed,such as through Netflix,Amazon Prime,Hulu,or Disney+N/AN/A:27:30:31Watching longer videos on an app,such as YouTubeN/AN/A:19*:39*:28Watching short videos on apps like TikTok,Reels,or YouTube ShortsN/AN/AN/AN/A:14DVDs:31:22:17*:12:10Readi

69、ng/being read to:29:28:29:32:32Print:29:28:26:28:26ElectronicN/AN/A:03:04:06Playing video games:25:23:25*:23*:38Console games:14:10:05*:07:08Handheld games:04:04:01*N/A:05Smartphone or tablet games:08:05:03:03:04Mobile games:03:08:16:13*:21Listening to audio:29:20:18*:27*:37Music:29:20:18*:25*:33Pod

70、casts and AudiobooksN/AN/AN/A:02:04AIN/AN/AN/AN/A0Chatting with an AI chatbotN/AN/AN/AN/AAI image,video,or audio generatorN/AN/AN/AN/AOther:07:05:10:11:17Video-chattingN/AN/A:01*:01*:05Virtual assistant or smart speakerN/AN/AN/AN/A:02Taking or making pictures or videosN/AN/AN/AN/A:01Social networkin

71、g sites(e.g.,Instagram,Snapchat)N/AN/AN/AN/A:03Looking things upN/AN/AN/AN/A:04Homework(on a digital device like a computer or tablet):05:03:02:02:02Virtual realityN/AN/AAnything else:02:02:08:09N/ATotal screen time2:161:552:192:242:27Total media3:142:433:06*3:193:47Note:An asterisk indicates the it

72、em differs significantly(p .05)from 2024.The years 2011 and 2013 are presented for historical reference only and were not tested against 2024 totals.Greater than zero but less than 0.5%.12 THE COMMON SENSE CENSUS:MEDIA USE BY KIDS ZERO TO EIGHT,2025 COMMON SENSE MEDIA.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.KEY TABLE B

73、.Time spent with media,by activity and age,2024Among 0-to 8-year-olds,average amount of time spent in a typical day.Under 22 to 45 to 8Watching television/videos:461:341:44Live TV:03:04:06Recorded/on demandN/AN/AN/ADownloaded or streamed,such as through Netflix,Amazon Prime,Hulu,or Disney+:17a:41b:3

74、1cWatching longer videos on an app,such as YouTube:17a:29b:32bWatching short videos on apps like TikTok,Reels,or YouTube Shorts:04a:10b:22cDVDs:05:10:13Reading/being read to:33:30:34Print:25:26:27Electronic:08:04:07Playing video games:03:211:04Console games:02:02:16Handheld games:00:03:08Computer ga

75、mes:00:02:06Smartphone or tablet games:01:14:34Listening to audio:36:34:40Music:33:31:35Podcasts:02:00:01Audiobooks:01:03:04AI:00:00:00Chatting with an AI chatbot:00:00:00AI image,video,or audio generator:00:00:00OtherVideo-chatting:03:05:05Virtual assistant or smart speaker:00:03:02Taking or making

76、 pictures or videos:00:00:01Social networking sites(e.g.,Instagram,Snapchat):00:01:06Looking things up:03ab:02a:06bHomework(on a digital device like a computer or tablet):00a:01a:04bVirtual reality:00:00:00Total screen time1:03a2:08b3:28cTotal media2:04a3:11b4:26cNote:Items with different superscrip

77、ts differ significantly(p .05).Items with no superscript,and those with the same superscript,do not differ significantly.Significance should be read across rows.THE COMMON SENSE CENSUS:MEDIA USE BY KIDS ZERO TO EIGHT,2025 13 COMMON SENSE MEDIA.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.KEY TABLE C.Media in the home,2011 t

78、o 2024Among 0-to 8-year-olds,percent who live in homes with 20112013201720202024TelevisionTV set98%96%98%97%97%Smart TVN/AN/AN/AN/A91%Internet-connected televisionN/A30%75%84%91%Subscription service(e.g.,Netflix,Amazon Prime)N/AN/A72%*87%*92%Cable/satellite68%70%65%*45%*22%Computer/Internet AccessCo

79、mputer(laptop or desktop)72%76%91%*88%*85%High-speed internet access(cable,wireless,or DSL)68%69%90%*89%*93%Any mobile device52%75%98%98%98%Smartphone41%63%95%97%96%Tablet8%40%78%75%75%SmartwatchN/AN/AN/AN/A48%Video Game PlayerConsole video game player67%64%69%67%66%Hand-held video game player44%35%

80、31%*N/A49%OtherE-reader9%21%29%31%*26%Smart speaker or virtual assistantN/AN/A9%*41%*49%Virtual reality headsetN/AN/A11%*11%*14%Screen-free audio player(e.g.,Toniebox,Yoto Player)N/AN/AN/AN/A8%Fitness tracker(e.g.,Fitbit)N/AN/AN/AN/A19%Childs Own DeviceAny mobile device3%12%45%*48%51%Tablet7%42%*44%

81、47%Smartphone4%*8%9%Laptop or desktop computerN/AN/AN/AN/A5%Educational game device29%26%33%*25%*17%Educational robotN/AN/AN/AN/A1%Handheld video game player24%21%14%*N/A17%Smart toy that connects to the internetN/AN/AN/AN/A2%E-readerN/AN/AN/AN/A3%SmartwatchN/AN/AN/A5%*3%Fitness tracker(e.g.,Fitbit)

82、N/AN/AN/AN/A1%Smart speaker or virtual assistantN/AN/AN/AN/A9%Screen-free audio player(e.g.,Toniebox,Yoto Player)N/AN/AN/AN/A5%Note:An asterisk indicates the item differs significantly(p .05)from 2024.The years 2011 and 2013 are presented for historical reference only and were not tested against 202

83、4 totals.Greater than zero but less than 0.5%.14 THE COMMON SENSE CENSUS:MEDIA USE BY KIDS ZERO TO EIGHT,2025 COMMON SENSE MEDIA.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.KEY TABLE D.Daily media use,by activity,2011 to 2024Among 0-to 8-year-olds,the percent who engage in each activity at least once or more per day2011201

84、3201720202024Read/are read to58%60%57%59%*54%Any television/videos67%61%60%*60%*47%Watch TV shows or movies,including streaming sites like Netflix,Hulu,or Disney+N/AN/AN/AN/A40%Watch online videos(e.g.,YouTube)N/AN/A24%*34%36%Watch short videos(e.g.,TikTok,YouTube Shorts)N/AN/AN/AN/A18%Watch DVDs/vi

85、deotapes25%18%11%*N/A4%Use mobile device(like a smartphone or tablet)to play games,watch videos,go online,or use apps8%17%28%30%26%Use a computer or laptop14%14%11%*9%*5%Handheld video gameN/A7%4%N/AN/AConsole video game9%6%6%7%N/AVideo game(on computer,console,or handheld player)N/AN/AN/AN/A8%Liste

86、n to musicN/AN/AN/AN/A39%Listen to podcastsN/AN/AN/AN/A2%Listen to audiobooksN/AN/AN/AN/A5%Listen to podcasts,stories,or audiobooksN/AN/AN/A5%*6%Use a smart toyN/AN/AN/AN/A1%Use social mediaN/AN/AN/AN/A2%Use AI chatbotN/AN/AN/AN/A1%Use AI image generatorN/AN/AN/AN/A1%Note:An asterisk indicates the i

87、tem differs significantly(p .05)from 2024.The years 2011 and 2013 are presented for historical reference only and were not tested against 2024 totals.THE COMMON SENSE CENSUS:MEDIA USE BY KIDS ZERO TO EIGHT,2025 15 COMMON SENSE MEDIA.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.Total media use among children age 8 and younge

88、r is up by 13 minutes from 2020,with an average media use of three hours and 47 minutes.This includes a screen media use2 average of two hours and 27 minutes,and an additional hour and 20 minutes of non-screen-related media activities,such as reading print books and listening to music or podcasts(se

89、e Key Table A).While the overall time that young children spend with media has continued to trend upward over the last decade(see Key Table A for historical trends),there is a great deal of variation in time spent using screen media overall,as well as differences in age groups.On a given day,more th

90、an one-quarter(27%)of children dont use any screen media,while 1 in 5 children use screen media for four or more hours.Overall,patterns of screen media use have remained fairly consistent for children age 8 and younger,with a majority of screen time spent watching television and videos(60%)and gamin

91、g(26%)(see Figure 1).However,these numbers have shifted significantly from 2020,with a 17-minute decrease in time spent watching television and videos(down from 73%of total screen media use in 2020)and a 15-minute increase in time spent gaming(up from 16%of total screen media use in 2020)(see Figure

92、 2).Electronic reading,video-chatting,and homework account for a relatively small proportion of daily screen-time activity(4%,4%,and 1%,respectively).FIGURE 2.Screen use,by activity,2020 vs.2024 Among 0-to 8-year-olds,percentage of average daily screen time devoted to.FIGURE 1.Screen use,by activity

93、,2024 Among 0-to 8-year-olds,percentage of average daily screen time devoted to.Overall Screen Media Use2 Screen media includes watching videos on a TV set,smartphone,tablet,or computer;playing games on a console,handheld player,computer,or mobile device;video-chatting;using AI either through a chat

94、 or an image,video,or audio generator;taking or making photos or videos;using social media;looking things up;doing homework;and using a virtual reality headset.16 THE COMMON SENSE CENSUS:MEDIA USE BY KIDS ZERO TO EIGHT,2025 COMMON SENSE MEDIA.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.TABLE 1.Screen media use within demog

95、raphic groups over time,2011 to 2024Among 0-to 8-year-olds,average screen media use per day20112013201720202024Race/EthnicityBlack3:072:262:514:093:38Hispanic/Latino2:351:572:363:033:05White1:551:582:111:522:08IncomeLower($50K)2:322:173:293:483:48Middle($50K$100K)2:182:012:252:432:31Higher($100K+)1:

96、521:481:501:521:52Parent EducationHigh school or less2:392:142:503:123:06Some college2:182:112:372:342:51College degree1:331:311:371:381:43Note:The years 2011 and 2013 are presented for historical reference only and were not tested against 2024 totals.See methodology section for income categories pr

97、ior to 2024.Daily screen use also varies by race/ethnicity,with Black chil-dren spending more time watching TV shows or videos through streaming services,such as Netflix,Amazon Prime,or Disney+,compared to White children(44 minutes vs.30 minutes).Black and Latino children are more likely to spend mo

98、re time watching videos on platforms like YouTube,Instagram Reels,and TikTok compared with White children(one hour and nine minutes for Black children and 53 minutes for Latino children vs.33 minutes for White children).Non-screen mediaNon-screen media is up 10 minutes since 2020,with children age 0

99、 to 8 spending an average of one hour and five minutes reading in print,listening to music,podcasts,and audiobooks,and using a smart speaker(compared to 55 minutes in 2020).Use of screen media varies between age groups,with children under age 2 spending an average of one hour and three minutes on sc

100、reens per day,while 2-to 4-year-olds average nearly two hours(2:08),and 5-to 8-year-olds average around three and a half hours per day(3:28)(see Figure 3).On average,boys use screen media for over 30 minutes longer than girls on a given day(2:38 vs.2:07)(see Figure 4).FIGURE 3.Average daily screen u

101、se,by age,2024 Among 0-to 8-year-olds,average daily amount of screen media(hours:minutes)FIGURE 4.Average daily screen use,by gender,2024 Among 0-to 8-year-olds,average daily amount of screen media by gender Differences by demographicsWhen considering the differences in screen use for children from

102、homes with different household incomes,there are some stark differences in the amount of time that children spend watching screen media.On average,children from homes with household incomes less than$50,000 per year are watching twice the amount of screen media than children from homes with a househ

103、old income of$100,000 or more per year(3:48 vs.1:52).THE COMMON SENSE CENSUS:MEDIA USE BY KIDS ZERO TO EIGHT,2025 17 COMMON SENSE MEDIA.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.The presence of mobile devices,such as cellphones and tablets,in the household has remained relatively unchanged since 2017.The majority of U.S.

104、households own at least one mobile device,with 96%having a smartphone that con-nects to the internet,and 75%having a tablet,like an iPad,Galaxy Tab,Microsoft Surface,or Kindle Fire.In regard to wearable technology,almost half of households(48%)own a smartwatch,like a Samsung Galaxy or Apple Watch,an

105、d nearly 1 in 5(19%)own a fitness tracker,like a Fitbit,Oura Ring,or Whoop.Half(51%)of children age 0 to 8 have their own mobile device,either a smartphone or a tablet,with 44%of children owning one mobile device,and 5%owning both a cellphone and a tablet.Tablets have the highest proportion of owner

106、ship among chil-dren compared to any other mobile device,with 47%of children age 0 to 8 having their own tablet(see Table 2).Nearly three in five(58%)children age 5 to 8 have their own tablet,compared to 45%of children age 2 to 4.By 2 years old,4 in 10 children have their own tablet(40%),and by 4 ye

107、ars old,more than half(58%)of children do.The proportion of children age 0 to 8 who have their own cell-phone has remained stable.Compared to 8%of children in 2020 who had their own phone,as of 2024,9%have their own phone.Among these children,79%have a smartphone(they can go online,use apps,and/or w

108、atch videos on it),19%have a smartphone that has limited or no apps or internet access(like a Pinwheel,Gabb,Troomi,or Bark phone),and 3%have a simple feature phone that does not have a touch screen,go online,or have any apps.Among children age 5 to 8,13%have their own cellphone,compared to 5%of chil

109、dren age 2 to 4.By 8 years old,nearly 1 in 4 children have their own phone(23%).TABLE 2.Childs own media devices,by age,2024Among 0-to 8-year-olds who have their own All22 to 45 to 8Tablet47%6%a45%b58%cCellphone9%1%a5%b13%cSmartwatch3%1%a4%bFitness tracker1%0%a1%ab2%bNote:Items with different supers

110、cripts differ significantly(p .05).Greater than zero but less than one-half percent(.05%).TABLE 3.Childs own media devices,2011 to 2024Among 0-to 8-year-olds,percent who have their own 20112013201720202024Any mobile device3%12%45%*48%51%Tablet7%42%*44%47%Cellphone4%*8%9%SmartwatchN/AN/AN/A5%*3%Fitne

111、ss tracker(e.g.,Fitbit)N/AN/AN/AN/A1%Note:An asterisk indicates the item differs significantly from 2024(p .05).Greater than zero but less than one-half percent(.05%).Mobile device ownership in 2017 and 2020 was calculated by whether a child owned at least one of the following:a smartphone,a tablet,

112、or an iPod Touch or similar.The years 2011 and 2013 are presented for historical reference only and were not tested against 2024 totals.FIGURE 5.Tablet ownership,by age,2024 Among 0-to 8-year-olds,percentage who own a tablet FIGURE 6.Cellphone ownership,by age,2024 Among 0-to 8-year-olds,percentage

113、who own a cellphoneMobile Media18 THE COMMON SENSE CENSUS:MEDIA USE BY KIDS ZERO TO EIGHT,2025 COMMON SENSE MEDIA.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.We also asked about wearable devices,including smart-watches and fitness trackers.For smartwatches,3%of children age 8 and younger have their own smartwatch,com-pared

114、 to 5%in 2020.Four percent of children age 5 to 8 have their own smartwatch,and 1%of children age 2 to 4 own a smartwatch.Among children who have their own smartwatch,80%of them have a smartwatch that allows for phone calling or location finding.In terms of fitness trackers,1%of 2-to 4-year-olds hav

115、e their own fitness tracker,like a Fitbit,Oura Ring,or Whoop.For children age 5 to 8,2%have a fitness tracker.Among children age 0 to 8,a little over two-thirds(68%)have used a smartphone or tablet to play games,watch videos,go online,or use apps.About a quarter(26%)use a mobile device daily,and 23%

116、use one weekly.Use varies by age group.For children age 2 and younger,27%have ever used a mobile device,with 8%using one daily and 9%weekly.Among 2-to 4-year-olds,74%have used a mobile device,with 31%using one daily and 22%weekly.For 5-to 8-year-olds,84%have used a mobile device,with 32%using one da

117、ily and 30%weekly.One-third(35%)of children age 0 to 8 watch videos,movies,or TV shows on mobile devices like a smartphone or tablet.On average,these children spend 34 minutes daily watching videos on a mobile device.Time spent watching videos on mobile technology increases with age:Children age 5 t

118、o 8 spend an average of 46 minutes daily,compared to 35 minutes for children age 2 to 4,and eight minutes for children age 2 and younger.Patterns of video watching on mobile devices vary by demo-graphic factors.On average,Black and Latino children spend more time watching videos on mobile devices th

119、an White children,with Black youth averaging 53 minutes,Latino youth 48 minutes,and White youth 27 minutes daily.Children from lower-income households(household income less than$50,000 per year)spend more time on average watching videos on mobile devices than those from middle-and higher-income hous

120、eholds.On average,children from lower-income families spend 55 minutes daily,compared to 37 minutes for middle-income families(household income between$50,000 and$99,999 per year)and 25 minutes for higher-income families(household income of$100,000 or more per year).TABLE 4.Time spent with mobile me

121、dia,2011 to 2024Among 0-to 8-year-olds,average daily time spent using a mobile device 20112013201720202024Watching videos(such as YouTube or TikTok),movies,or TV shows on a mobile device like a smartphone or tablet:01:05:21*:28:34Playing games on a smartphone or tablet:03:08:1613*:21Video-chatting v

122、ia apps like Zoom or FaceTimeN/AN/A:01*:01*:05Reading or being read to on a tablet,phone,or e-readerN/AN/A:03:04:06Doing homework on a digital device like a computer or tabletN/AN/AN/A:01:02Taking or making pictures or videosN/AN/AN/AN/A:01Anything else:01:02:07:08N/ATotal mobile media use:05:15:48*

123、:55*1:09Note:An asterisk indicates the item differs significantly(p .05)from 2024.The years 2011 and 2013 are presented for historical reference only and were not tested against 2024 totals.THE COMMON SENSE CENSUS:MEDIA USE BY KIDS ZERO TO EIGHT,2025 19 COMMON SENSE MEDIA.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.SCHOOL

124、DEVICES IN THE HOMESchool-provided devices in the home technology and media ecosystem of very young children.School-provided devices play a growing role in the media environment of young children,particularly as the early elementary grades see a closer 1-to-1 match between each child and a correspon

125、ding device,post-pandemic.Of the families that report a child has and/or uses a tablet or laptop,13%say the device is provided by the school.Among kids age 5 to 8,the percent using a school-provided device for home tablet or laptop use rises to nearly 1 in 5(19%).School-provided devices may be shapi

126、ng the home media environ-ment in a number of ways:by providing a device for families that lack one;by providing one for a specific child,rather than having devices shared by siblings or family members;and by inserting devices into house-holds that may have been reluctant to offer their child owners

127、hip.TABLE 5.Mobile media use within demographic groups over time,2011 to 2024Among 0-to 8-year-olds,average time spent with mobile per day20112013201720202024Race/EthnicityBlack:08:191:06*1:441:54Hispanic/Latino:05:141:06*1:191:42White:04:161:06:37*:51IncomeLower($50K):03:131:13*1:431:58Middle($50K$

128、100K):04:18:50:591:10Higher($100K+):07:18:37:40:48Parent EducationHigh school or less:05:141:01*1:191:30Some college:05:24:52*:58*1:26College degree:06:13:32:35:42Note:An asterisk indicates the item differs significantly(p .05)from 2024.The years 2011 and 2013 are presented for historical reference

129、only and were not tested against 2024 totals.See methodology section for income categories prior to 2024.20 THE COMMON SENSE CENSUS:MEDIA USE BY KIDS ZERO TO EIGHT,2025 COMMON SENSE MEDIA.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.Television viewing among children age 0 to 8 has changed over the years,transitioning from t

130、raditional TV to online platforms.Despite these changes,watching videos remains the most common screen-media activity among children age 8 and younger since 2011,accounting for 64%of their daily screen time.However,time spent watching television and video has dropped since early 2020.In 2020,childre

131、n spent an average of one hour and 45 minutes watching TV and video,but this time has since dropped to one hour and 28 minutes in 2024.TABLE 6.Television/video viewing,by type,2011 to 2024Among 0-to 8-year-olds,average daily time spent watching 201720202024Live TV:27*:18*:05Recorded/on demand:10:06N

132、/ASubscription service(e.g.,Netflix,Hulu):27:30N/ADownloaded or streamed,such as through Netflix,Amazon Prime,Hulu,or Disney+N/AN/A:31Watching longer videos on an app,such as YouTube:19*:39*:28Watching short videos on apps like TikTok,Reels,or YouTube ShortsN/AN/A:14DVDs:17*:12:10Total television/vi

133、deo1:40*1:45*1:28Note:An asterisk indicates the item differs significantly(p .05)from 2024.The years 2011 and 2013 are presented for historical reference only and were not tested against 2024 totals.Television environment in the homeMost households are equipped with smart TVs or internet-connected T

134、Vs and subscription services(e.g.,Amazon Prime,Hulu,Netflix)for streaming TV shows and movies.As of 2024,97%of households have a working TV,with 91%having a smart TV or internet-connected TV,and 92%subscribing to streaming services.Use of cable and satellite TV services has dropped significantly ove

135、r the years,from 65%in 2017 to just 22%in 2024.Even among lower-income households,86%own a smart TV,and 84%have a streaming subscription.Children use a range of devices to consume video content,with TVs and smart TVs being the most popular.Looking at time spent watching videos(such as those on YouTu

136、be or TikTok),movies,or TV shows by device,on average,children age 8 and younger spend 51 minutes daily watching videos on TVs or smart TVs,34 minutes on mobile devices such as smartphones or tablets,and nine minutes on computers.TABLE 7.TV/video equipment in the home,2011 to 2024Among 0-to 8-year-o

137、lds,percent who live in homes with 20112013201720202024Television98%96%98%97%97%Internet-connected TVN/A30%75%*84%*91%Subscription serviceN/AN/A72%*87%*92%Cable or satellite TV68%70%65%*45%*22%Note:An asterisk indicates the item differs significantly(p .05)from 2024.The years 2011 and 2013 are prese

138、nted for historical reference only and were not tested against 2024 totals.TABLE 8.TV/video equipment in the home,by income,2024Among 0-to 8-year-olds,percent who live in homes with LowerMiddleHigherTelevision96%99%97%Internet-connected TV86%a91%b94%bSubscription service84%a94%b94%bCable or satellit

139、e TV22%20%23%Note:An asterisk indicates the item differs significantly(p .05)from 2024.The years 2011 and 2013 are presented for historical reference only and were not tested against 2024 totals.Television,Streaming,and Online VideosTHE COMMON SENSE CENSUS:MEDIA USE BY KIDS ZERO TO EIGHT,2025 21 COM

140、MON SENSE MEDIA.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.Streaming subscription platformsThe top way that children watch video is downloaded or streamed from platforms like Netflix,Hulu,and Disney+.Children in this age group spend an average of half an hour daily(:31)watching television and video by download or streamin

141、g.Four in 10 children(40%)watch TV shows or movies through streaming platforms daily.However,daily use of streaming platforms varies by age:45%of children age 5 to 8 and 43%of children age 2 to 4 watch daily,compared to 22%of children under 2.FIGURE 7.Television and video viewing,by type,2024 Among

142、0-to 8-year-olds,proportion of total TV/video viewing that occurred through.Online videoYouTube Online video consumption,on platforms like YouTube,has become commonplace for children age 0 to 8.On average,children spend 28 minutes each day watching longer online videos on YouTube.Older children(age

143、5 to 8)spend more time watching online videos(32 minutes)than younger chil-dren(29 minutes for those age 2 to 4,and 17 minutes for those under 2).The percentage of children who watch YouTube daily has increased significantly since 2017,from 24%in 2017 to 36%in 2024.YouTube consumption does vary by a

144、ge group,gender,race/ethnicity,and income level.One in five(20%)children younger than 2 watch online YouTube videos daily,compared to 36%of those age 2 to 4,and 43%of those age 5 to 8.A higher percentage of boys watches YouTube daily than girls(40%vs.32%).Latino children are more likely to watch You

145、Tube daily than White youth,and Black youth are more likely to watch online videos than Latino and White youth(51%Black vs.39%Latino and 31%White).Half of children(50%)from lower-income households watch YouTube daily com-pared to 29%of children from higher-income families.YouTube account ownership G

146、iven that YouTube offers the option for parents to create a YouTube Kids profile that allows parents to set content set-tings,we were curious how many children watch YouTube videos through a YouTube Kids account.Based on parent reports,almost half(49%)of children who watch online videos on YouTube p

147、rimarily access YouTube from their par-ents account,24%watch without logging into an account,15%watch from their own account,and 8%from both their parents account and their own account.For parents who indicate their child uses their own account,most are using a YouTube Kids account.Among children wh

148、o access YouTube through their own account,88%of parents indicated that the account was a YouTube Kids account,and 11%of parents said it was not.Children who come from lower-income(21%)and middle-income(17%)households are more likely to access YouTube from their own accounts compared to chil-dren fr

149、om higher-income households(11%),who are more likely to watch videos without logging into an account(28%higher income vs.17%lower income and 20%middle income).TABLE 9.Daily YouTube use,by age,2017 to 2024Percent of 0-to 8-year-olds who watch online videos every day201720202024All24%*34%36%Under 28%*

150、17%20%2 to 427%*39%36%5 to 830%*39%43%Note:An asterisk indicates the item differs significantly(p .05)from 2024.Short-form video Short videos on platforms like TikTok,YouTube Shorts,and Instagram Reels are gaining in popularity among children.Nearly half(48%)of children age 0 to 8 have watched short

151、 videos on these platforms.On average,children age 8 and younger spend 14 minutes watching short-form videos daily,with usage highest among older children(22 minutes for those age 5 to 8)compared to younger ones(10 minutes 32%Longer videos on an app,such as YouTube16%Short videos on apps(TikTok,Reel

152、s,or YouTube Shorts)6%LiveTV11%DVDs35%Downloaded or streamed(e.g.,Netflix,Amazon Prime,Hulu,Disney+)22 THE COMMON SENSE CENSUS:MEDIA USE BY KIDS ZERO TO EIGHT,2025 COMMON SENSE MEDIA.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.per day for children age 2 to 4 and four minutes for those under 2).Almost 1 in 5 children(18%)ag

153、e 8 and younger watch short videos every day,16%weekly,13%less than once a week,and 53%have never watched short videos.A quarter(27%)of children age 5 to 8 watch short videos every day,compared with 13%of those age 2 to 4 and 8%of those under 2.Socioeconomic differences emerged,with children from lo

154、wer-income families spending 24 minutes daily on short videos compared to seven minutes among children from higher-income households.Three in 10 children(30%)from lower-income families watch short videos daily compared with less than 1 in 10 children from higher-income households(8%).Types of online

155、 video contentAmong children who watch online videos,about 65%of chil-dren watch learning videos(videos that teach specific concepts like numbers or shapes).Of these,59%reported watching animal-related content,57%educational videos(shows and programs that aim to teach a variety of educational concep

156、ts and stories,like Sesame Street),and 55%nursery rhymes or childrens music.Viewing habits differ across demographics.Younger children(age 2 to 4)are more likely to watch nursery rhymes,childrens music,learning videos,and educational programs,such as Sesame Street.Among children age 5 to 8,more than

157、 half(56%)watch how to or DIY videos at least sometimes,compared to 30%of children age 2 to 4.Boys are more likely to watch gaming videos(42%)and stunt challenges(35%)than girls(27%and 26%,respectively).Black children are more likely to watch educational programs like Sesame Street(74%Black vs.51%La

158、tino and 49%White)and nursery rhymes(69%Black vs.57%Latino and 50%White)compared to Latino or White children.TABLE 10.Online videos watched by type,age,gender,race/ethnicity,and income,2024AgeGenderRace/EthnicityPercent of 0-to 8-year-olds who watch the follow-ing types of online videos often or som

159、etimesAllUnder 22 to 45 to 8BoysGirlsBlackLatinoWhiteLearning videos(e.g.,alphabet,numbers,colors,shapes,feelings)65%74%79%53%65%65%79%a66%b60%bAnimal videos59%44%a61%b62%b61%57%56%64%60%Educational videos online,like through YouTube,PBS,or Khan Academy57%51%a65%b54%a56%59%75%a56%b52%bNursery rhymes

160、 or childrens music55%71%a77%a37%b53%58%69%a57%b50%bEducational TV programs such as Sesame Street,Dora the Explorer,etc.,often to sometimes54%60%a68%a42%b51%57%74%a51%b49%bHow to or DIY videos(e.g.,how to draw,cook,dance,make crafts,make things with Legos or PlayDoh,skateboard)40%10%a30%b56%c30%32%4

161、3%ab49%a36%bPeople playing video games35%5%a22%b52%c42%a27%b43%ab42%a31%bMusic videos34%29%a27%a40%b32%36%44%a43%a29%bUnboxing videos(e.g.,video of someone opening a new toy),or product demonstrations(e.g.,showing off toys,makeup,clothes,etc.)31%7%a27%b41%c30%32%39%a40%a27%bChallenges/stunts/prank v

162、ideos31%7%a19%b46%c35%a26%b37%a41%a26%bFamily video blogs or vlogs,sometimes to often31%10%a28%b39%c31%31%38%a36%ab28%bFitness or movement videos21%14%a19%ab25%b19%23%23%ab33%a17%bCelebrity/behind-the scenes videos6%2%a3%a9%b6%5%9%a8%ab4%bNote:Items with different superscripts differ significantly(p

163、 .05).Items with no superscript,and those with the same superscript,do not differ significantly.Significance should be read across rows within demographic groups(age,gender,race/ethnicity).THE COMMON SENSE CENSUS:MEDIA USE BY KIDS ZERO TO EIGHT,2025 23 COMMON SENSE MEDIA.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.Overall,

164、about 2 in 5(42%)children age 0 to 8 play video games,with almost three-quarters(72%)of the oldest group(age 5 to 8)playing video games.One in five children(22%)age 2 to 4 play video games.Many families own game-specific devices.Fully two-thirds(66%)of families with young children have a console vid

165、eo game player,like an Xbox or PlayStation,at home.Another half(49%)of families with young kids have a handheld video game player like a Nintendo Switch or Steam Deck in the home.However,few families have invested in virtual reality(VR)headsets(e.g.,Meta Quest)or mixed reality headsets(e.g.,Apple Vi

166、sion Pro,Microsoft HoloLens).Only 14%say they have such a device at home.Even among families with a VR headset,they are not used all that frequently by young chil-drenjust one family surveyed had a child who had played with it on the target day.How much time do children spend playing video games?Tot

167、al time spent playing games has increased noticeably since our last Census survey in early 2020,moving from 23 minutes of total time spent by all children playing video games across the main devicesconsoles,handhelds,computers,and smartphones or tabletsto 38 minutes in 2024.While time has increased

168、on all gaming devices,the largest jump was time spent playing games on smartphones and tablets,which increased eight additional minutes on average from 2020.TABLE 11.Time spent gaming per day,2011 to 202420112013201720202024Console games:14:10:05:07:13 Console games:10:06:05*N/A:08 Handheld games:04

169、:04:01*N/A:05Computer games:08:05:03:03:04Smartphone or tablet games:03:08:16:13*:21Total gaming:25:23:25*:23*:38Note:An asterisk indicates the item differs significantly(p .05)from 2024.The years 2011 and 2013 are presented for historical reference only and were not tested against 2024 totals.Age r

170、emains an important differentiator in time spent playing video games.While total gaming time has increased for all groups of children since 2020,children age 4 and under show relatively modest jumps,from two to three minutes total video game play for those under age 2,and from 16 to 21 minutes for t

171、hose age 2 to 4.Parents of older children(age 5 to 8)indicated a significant 23-minute jump in video game play,from 41 minutes in 2020 to one hour and four minutes in 2024.This difference in gaming by age is especially notable for smart-phone or tablet gaming,where 2-to 4-year-olds play for 14 minut

172、es on a typical day,while 5-to 8-year-olds play for 20 minutes more,topping out at 34 minutes per day of game play on smartphones or tablets.Such differences are unsurprising given the motor and cognitive development changes in this age span.TABLE 12.Time spent gaming per day,by age,20240-to 2-year-

173、olds2-to 4-year-olds5-to 8-year-oldsConsole games:02a:02a:16bHandheld games:00a:03a:08bComputer games:00a:02:06bSmartphone or tablet games:01a:14b:34cTotal gaming:03:211:04Note:Items with different superscripts differ significantly(p .05).Items with no superscript,and those with the same superscript

174、,do not differ significantly.Significance should be read across rows.Similar patterns of use by demographic appeared here as well,with White children and children from higher-income families spending less time playing video games than Latino or espe-cially Black children.These differences have grown

175、 more pronounced,as time spent gaming has grown over the last four years,with Black children age 0 to 8 spending 59 minutes per day playing video games,compared with 44 minutes for Latino children and 33 minutes for White children.These patterns continue to play out by income,with children from fami

176、lies in lower-income brackets playing video games for 54 minutes on a typical day,compared with 39 minutes for middle-income families and 30 minutes per day for higher-income families.Video Games and Virtual Reality24 THE COMMON SENSE CENSUS:MEDIA USE BY KIDS ZERO TO EIGHT,2025 COMMON SENSE MEDIA.AL

177、L RIGHTS RESERVED.When it comes to gaming systems,boys and girls spend roughly the same amount of time playing smartphone,com-puter,or handheld games,but boys are more likely to spend more time on console gaming than girls(12 minutes on a typical day for boys vs.four minutes for girls).Overall,boys

178、spend more time gaming,with an average of 45 minutes per day playing all types of video games,compared with 29 minutes for girls age 0 to 8.Games can be played many different ways:alone,with family and friends,in person and online,and with people youve never met.Social gaming with others can be a wa

179、y to connect with caregivers,peers,and siblings,but playing games online with strangers can also spark concern.About one-quarter(24%)of children age 0 to 8 play a game online by themselves often or sometimes,while 14%of children often or sometimes play a social game online with other people they kno

180、w,and 9%often or sometimes play a social game online with people they dont know.Most of the children playing games in our sample were 5-to 8-year-olds.Almost no infants and toddlers played games online with others or by themselves.Among the youngest children,age 0 to 2,3%play video games sometimes o

181、r often online by themselves,while 11%of 2-to 4-year-olds and 42%of 5-to 8-year-olds play online games on their own.Children age 5 to 8 were also more likely to play social games online,both with people they know(26%vs.3%of 2-to 4-year-olds and 1%of 0-to 2-year-olds)and with other people they dont k

182、now(17%vs.3%of 2-to 4-year-olds and 1%of 0-to 2-year-olds).TABLE 13.Time spent gaming per day,by demographic group,2024Console gamingHandheld gamingComputer gamingMobile gamingTotal gamingGenderBoys:12a:06:04:23:45Girls:04b:04:03:18:29Race/EthnicityBlack:09:06:07:37a:59Latino:06:02:04:32a:44White:10

183、:06:03:14b:33IncomeLower:13a:05:04:32a:54Middle:09ab:06:03:21b:39Higher:06b:04:04:16b:30Parent EducationHigh school or less:14a:08a:04:28a:54Some college:09a:03ab:04:23a:39College degree:04b:03b:03:14b:24Note:Items with different superscripts differ significantly(p .05).Items with no superscript,and

184、 those with the same superscript,do not differ significantly.Significance should be read within columns.THE COMMON SENSE CENSUS:MEDIA USE BY KIDS ZERO TO EIGHT,2025 25 COMMON SENSE MEDIA.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.Children age 0 to 8 spend an average of half an hour(32 minutes)reading or being read to each

185、 day.Time spent reading matches the time spent reading in 2020,which was also 32 minutes.TABLE 14.Time spent reading or being read to,2011 to 2024Among 0-to 8-year-olds,average time spent reading per day20112013201720202024Print:29:28:26:28:26E-readingN/AN/A:03:04:06Total reading(or being read to):2

186、9:28:29:32:32Note:The years 2011 and 2013 are presented for historical reference only and were not tested against 2024 totals.No significant differences in overall reading totals for 2017 or 2020 and 2024.However,interesting patterns emerge in childrens daily reading.In 2024,almost half(54%)of child

187、ren read or were read to every day,a decline from 59%of children in 2020.The decrease in proportion of daily reading may be attributed to changes in reading behaviors across different age groups.Among parents of children under age 2,the percentage reporting daily reading has increased significantly,

188、rising from 43%in 2017 to 46%in 2020,and reaching 55%in 2024.However,the opposite trend is observed for older children age 5 to 8:In 2024,only 52%of parents reported daily reading for this age group,down from 63%in 2020 and 64%in 2017.TABLE 15.Daily reading,by demographic,2017 to 2024Among 0-to 8-ye

189、ar-olds,average time spent reading per day201720202024All57%59%54%AgeUnder 243%*46%*55%2 to 456%63%57%5 to 864%*63%*52%GenderBoys53%57%*50%Girls61%62%59%Race/EthnicityBlack41%53%45%Hispanic/Latino42%49%*37%White65%64%61%IncomeLower40%50%41%Middle54%53%51%Higher65%65%61%Parent EducationHigh school or

190、 less44%50%*38%Some college60%59%53%College degree67%67%67%Note:An asterisk indicates the item differs significantly(p .05)from 2024.Reading26 THE COMMON SENSE CENSUS:MEDIA USE BY KIDS ZERO TO EIGHT,2025 COMMON SENSE MEDIA.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.Daily reading varies by age and gender.Among children und

191、er age 2,55%are read to daily,and 35%are read to weekly.For children age 2 to 4,57%are read to daily,and 26%weekly.Among children age 5 to 8,daily reading drops to 52%,and 37%read or are read to weekly.Gender differences also emerge,with girls(59%)more likely to read or be read to daily than boys(50

192、%).Differences in daily reading are present across racial and socioeconomic groups.White children are more likely to read or be read to daily(61%)compared to Black children(45%)and Latino children(37%).Children from higher-income house-holds are more likely to read or be read to daily(61%)than those

193、 from middle-income(51%)and lower-income house-holds(41%).Parental education levels also differ in reading frequency,with children whose parent holds a bachelors degree or higher(67%)more likely to read daily than children whose parents have some college(53%)or a high school edu-cation(38%).Within l

194、ower-income households,there are notable differ-ences in daily reading among racial and ethnic groups.In these households,White children(54%)and Black children(44%)are more likely to read or be read to daily than Latino children(24%).Among higher-income households,White children(62%)continue to read

195、 or be read to more frequently than Black(45%)and Latino children(43%).E-reading vs.print readingEven with a wider range of ways to readincluding on phones,tablets,and e-readersparents and children still predominantly turn to print books.On average,children age 8 and younger spend 26 minutes per day

196、 reading or being read to from print books.Children with parents who have attended some college(27%)or earned a bachelors degree or higher(31%)are more likely to engage with print books compared to children whose parents did not attend college(19%).Parents and children are less likely to turn to a p

197、hone,tablet,or e-reader to read.On average,children spend six minutes per day reading or being read to on a phone,tablet,or e-reader.Black children are more likely than White children to read or be read to on these digital devices(12%vs.3%).Households that own an e-reader have declined since 2020,wi

198、th 26%of households in 2024 having a Kindle,Nook,or other e-reader,which is down from 31%in 2020.E-reader ownership is highest among higher-income households(37%),compared to middle-income(17%)and lower-income families(also 17%).Among children,only 3%have their own e-reader.TABLE 16.Time spent readi

199、ng per day,by demographic group,2017 to 2024Average time spent reading per day among 0-to 8-year-olds201720202024Race/EthnicityPrintE-readingTotalPrintE-readingTotalPrintE-readingTotalBlack:20:08:28:33:15:48:31:12:43White:28:02:30:29:03:32:27:3:30Hispanic/Latino:21:04:25:25:05:30:20:10:30IncomeLower

200、:21:05:26:33:10:43:23:14:37Middle:22:03:25:25:04:29:25:5:30Higher:30:03:33:29:03:32:27:2:29Parent EducationHigh school or less:19:03:22:24:05:29:19:9:28Some college:29:05:34:27:05:32:27:6:33College degree:30:03:33:32:04:36:30:3:33Note:There were no significant differences between 2017 and 2024 or 20

201、20 and 2024 for print,e-reading,or total reading.THE COMMON SENSE CENSUS:MEDIA USE BY KIDS ZERO TO EIGHT,2025 27 COMMON SENSE MEDIA.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.In an era when parents are concerned about screen time,audio media is presented as an alternative that may allow for more movement or creative and e

202、xpressive play and thought.Among all listening activities,listening to music was by far the most common and universal,with 39%of children listening to music daily and another 40%listening weekly.MusicParents surveyed report that children spend an average of 33 minutes per day listening to music.Musi

203、c is one of the more universal activities,with little variation by gender,race/eth-nicity,or family income.Even with age,where we often see variation in media use for developmental reasons,listening to music is consistent from infants to 8-year-olds,with the youngest children(those under 2)listening

204、 on average for 33 minutes per day,similar to the 31 minutes per day for 2-to 4-year-olds and 35 minutes per day for 5-to 8-year-olds.Among children whose parents indicated they had listened to music the day prior,42%of children listened for one to two hours,and 8%listened for two hours or more.Audi

205、obooks About one-third(34%)of young children listen to an audio-book or audio story at least occasionally.Daily listening of audiobooks is less common,with just 5%of young children listening daily.Another 11%listen weekly,and 18%listen to audiobooks less than once a week.Parents of children who list

206、ened to audiobooks the day prior to data collection reported an average of 44 minutes of listening.Among those who listen to audiobooks,65%of parents listen to the audio-books with their children at least some of the time.PodcastsAmong children age 0 to 8,the least common listening activity was list

207、ening to podcasts.Very few children listen to podcasts regularly,with only about 1 in 10 children(11%)having ever listened to a podcast.Two percent of parents report that their child listens daily,and 4%report that they listen weekly.For parents who report that their child does listen to podcasts at

208、 least occasionally,these children are listening to podcasts for nearly an hour per day(59 minutes)on average.And parents co-listen at a similar rate to audiobooks,with 61%of parents listening to podcasts along with their children at least some of the time.Smart speakers and virtual assistantsSmart

209、speakers and virtual assistants like Amazon Echo or Google Home have become a common feature in many homes,even among families with young children.Today,49%of households own a smart speakeran increase of 8 percentage points since 2020,when 41%reported having one.While these devices are typically fam

210、ily-owned,11%of children age 0 to 8 now have their very own smart speaker.Children are also active users of these devices.Among kids 8 and under,21%sometimes or often ask questions using voice-activated assistants,such as Alexa or Google Assistant.However,this marks a slight decrease from 2020,when

211、25%engaged with these technologies in this way.For most children in households with a smart speaker,usage is brief.Two-thirds(66%)spend 15 minutes or less interacting with these devices daily,while 21%use them for 15 to 30 minutes.A small percentage(4%)use smart speakers for more than four hours eac

212、h day.In these cases,families may be lever-aging the device for extended activities like playing music or,for devices with screens,watching videos.Non-Screen Media28 THE COMMON SENSE CENSUS:MEDIA USE BY KIDS ZERO TO EIGHT,2025 COMMON SENSE MEDIA.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.Co-use with childrenParents are mo

213、re likely to watch media with their child than to play games or use apps together.Most parents report co-watching their childs TV shows(74%)or YouTube videos(62%)at least some of the time.In comparison,fewer parents engage in co-using apps or games on a smartphone or tablet(42%)or playing console vi

214、deo games with their child(27%).While 62%of parents occasionally join their children in watch-ing YouTube,20%say they hardly ever or never do.Engagement with TikTok is notably lower,with only 17%of parents watch-ing TikTok videos with their child.Media use outside the homeChildren often turn to mobi

215、le devices like smartphones or tablets in specific situations.About 23%of children age 0 to 8 sometimes or often use a device while eating at home,and 22%do so while dining out at a restaurant.Usage in transit is higher,with 37%using a device in the car or on public transportation.Parents Experience

216、s with Childrens Media UseFIGURE 8.Media use outside the home,2024 Percentage of parents of 0-to 8-year-olds who indicate their child often or sometimesTHE COMMON SENSE CENSUS:MEDIA USE BY KIDS ZERO TO EIGHT,2025 29 COMMON SENSE MEDIA.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.Media use for sleep and emotional regulationS

217、creen media use is a bedtime activity for some children,with 20%of kids age 8 and under watching or playing on a device every night or most nights to fall asleep.An additional 16%use screens for this purpose on some nights.Older children are more likely to rely on screens,with 26%of those age 5 to 8

218、 doing so,compared to just 6%of children younger than 2.Screen use at bedtime also varies by demographic,with Black(19%)and Latino(10%)children using screens for this purpose more often than White children(6%).Similarly,children from lower-income(29%)and middle-income households(24%)are more likely

219、to use screens at night than those from higher-income families(14%).Parents indicated many reasons or situations for when they may let a child use screens.Two-thirds(66%)of parents use screen media at least sometimes to keep their child occupied when the parent needs to get things done or needs time

220、 for themselves,57%use it to help their child learn or experience something new,56%use it to bond with or relax together with their child,47%use it to reward good behavior,44%use it to keep their child occupied when in public(e.g.,doctors office,grocery store,restaurant),and a quarter of parents(25%

221、)use screen media of any kind(not just mobile devices)to help their child calm down when they are angry or upset.Devices seem to play a role in emotional regulation,with 17%of parents reporting that their child sometimes or often uses a mobile device to calm down when feeling angry,sad,or upset.Disc

222、ussions with pediatriciansDespite the growing presence of media in childrens lives,conversations about media use between parents and pediatri-cians are rare.Only 23%of parents report that a pediatrician or family physician has ever discussed their childs media use,and 77%have had no pediatrician gui

223、dance on this topic.Media managementMany parents take a hands-off approach to managing their childs screen time.Three-quarters(75%)of parents whose children use screen media do not use any tools or settings to limit screen time,and 51%do not restrict the types of content their children consume.Paren

224、ts of older children(age 5 to 8)are more likely to use tools to manage screen use than those with very young children(younger than 2).For example,30%of parents of older children use software to limit screen time,compared to just 4%of parents with younger children.Similarly,56%of parents of older chi

225、ldren restrict content,compared to 20%of parents of very young children.30 THE COMMON SENSE CENSUS:MEDIA USE BY KIDS ZERO TO EIGHT,2025 COMMON SENSE MEDIA.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.Social-emotional impact of mediaParents hold mixed views about how media affects their chil-drens social and emotional well-b

226、eing.Four in 10(40%)believe medias impact is mostly negative,while 34%see it as mostly positive,and 25%feel it is generally neutral or has no significant effect.When considering specific aspects,parents often believe media use makes no difference to their childs social skills(44%),ability to focus(4

227、0%),behavior(42%),and mental/emotional health(51%).However,parents are more likely to see media as beneficial for fostering learning(67%),creativity(55%),and media literacy/technology skills(62%).Parents of Black and Latino children were significantly more likely to report that media helps social sk

228、ills(49%and 40%of parents of Black and Latino children respectively vs.28%of parents of White children),ability to focus(36%and 31%of parents of Black and Latino children vs.18%of parents of White children),and physical activity(28%of parents of Black and Latino children vs.13%of parents of White ch

229、ildren).Conversely,42%of parents feel that media use negatively impacts their childs physical behavior.Parents of White chil-dren were more likely to report that media use hurts physical activity(43%)compared to parents of Black(29%)and Latino(37%)children.Parent concerns Parents express significant

230、 concerns about various negative effects of media use:Screen time and attention spans:80%worry about excessive screen time,and 79%about screen times impact on attention spans.Content issues:Around three-quarters are concerned about exposure to content that is sexual(76%)or violent(75%),social medias

231、 effect on mental health(75%),and cyberbullying(74%).Privacy and materialism:73%are worried about data collection by companies,and 72%about advertising and materialism in screen media.Body image and stereotypes:Concerns include medias impact on body image(69%),depictions of drugs and alcohol(65%),ra

232、cial and ethnic stereotypes(58%),and gender stereotypes(55%).Concerned includes parents who indicated they were very concerned or somewhat concerned.Parents who reported mostly negative perceptions of medias impact on social and emotional health were more likely to report high levels of concern abou

233、t negative media effects(45%)than parents who report mostly positive perceptions of media impact(34%).Parent enthusiasmDespite their concerns,many parents are enthusiastic about the positive potential of media:Learning:75%are excited about their child learning new things.Positive messages:72%value p

234、ositive media(e.g.,show-cases kindness,helping,or love).Exploration:72%appreciate opportunities for their child to discover new interests.Connection:71%value media that helps their child connect with friends or family.Exposure to diversity:65%are enthusiastic about their child being exposed to diffe

235、rent people,places,and cultures.Creativity:63%enjoy seeing their child use media creatively.Friendship:21%are optimistic about their child making new friends through media.Parents Perceptions of Childrens Media UseTHE COMMON SENSE CENSUS:MEDIA USE BY KIDS ZERO TO EIGHT,2025 31 COMMON SENSE MEDIA.ALL

236、 RIGHTS RESERVED.FIGURE 9.Parent concerns and enthusiasm for screen media,2024%of parents of 0-to 8-year-olds who indicated they were very/somewhat concerned(dark green bars)and very/somewhat enthusiastic(light green bars)32 THE COMMON SENSE CENSUS:MEDIA USE BY KIDS ZERO TO EIGHT,2025 COMMON SENSE M

237、EDIA.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.Perceptions of childrens screen time and screen parentingWhen evaluating screen time,35%of parents feel that their child spends too much time with media,while 59%believe it is just the right amount.Parents who say they personally experience high or medium levels of media dis

238、traction are more likely to feel that their child spends too much time with screens(45%and 38%,respectively)compared to parents with low distraction levels(26%).By contrast,a large majority of parents who indicate low levels of media distraction themselves indicate that their child spends the right

239、amount of time with screen media(68%),compared to parents with medium and high levels of media distraction(55%and 51%,respectively).Despite these challenges,most parents feel confident in their media-related parenting.Three-quarters(75%)rate their parenting as good or excellent,though this confidenc

240、e varies by the age of the child.Parents of younger children were more likely to rate their parenting positively compared to parents of older children.TABLE 17.Parent media management rating,2024Overall,how would you rate your parenting of your childs media use?Under 2 years24 years58 yearsExcellent

241、/Good88%77%68%Fair/Poor12%22%32%Note:An asterisk indicates the item differs significantly(p .05)from 2024.THE COMMON SENSE CENSUS:MEDIA USE BY KIDS ZERO TO EIGHT,2025 33 COMMON SENSE MEDIA.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.Over one-quarter of parents report that their child has used AI to learn about school-relat

242、ed material(29%)or learn criti-cal thinking skills(26%).A smaller percentage of parents report that their child has used AI to learn about AI(5%)or has engaged in conversation with an AI chatbot(6%),while 16%of parents report that their child has used AI to create creative content,like stories and a

243、rt.Generative AI is a growing tool in the lives of young children,and parent perception of these AI tools remains modestly positive.Among parents who report that their child has used AI tools,nearly one-quarter feel that the impact of these tools on their childs understanding of school material has

244、been mostly posi-tive(23%).Similarly,1 in 5(20%)of these parents indicate that use of AI tools has been mostly positive for fostering creativ-ity.Fewer but still meaningful proportions of parents who report their child has used generative AI feel that this use has had a mostly positive impact on the

245、ir understanding of AI(18%),well-being(17%),and critical thinking skills(17%).Compared to those who cite a mostly positive impact of AI,a very small proportion of parents cite a mostly negative impact of AI on these same outcomes.The largest proportion(half or more)of parents state that AI use has n

246、o impact on each domain(see Table 18 for all percentages).TABLE 18.Parent reports of how AI has impacted their childAmong parents who report their child has used AI,their perception of AIs impact on.Mostly PositiveMostly NegativeBoth Positive and NegativeNo ImpactUnderstanding of school-related mate

247、rial23%5%16%55%Critical thinking skills17%7%16%61%Understanding of AI18%8%24%50%Creativity20%8%21%50%Well-being17%6%16%60%Note:Q:What impact,if any,do you think the use of AI has had on CHILDs?Generative AIFIGURE 10.AI use activities among 5-to 8-year-olds Among 5-to 8-year-olds,percentage who ever

248、used an app or device that uses AI to do any of the following activitiesTalk or text with a chatbotCreate creative content like short stories and artLearn critical thinking skillsLearn about school-related material39%33%24%10%Learn about AI8%34 THE COMMON SENSE CENSUS:MEDIA USE BY KIDS ZERO TO EIGHT

249、,2025 COMMON SENSE MEDIA.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.This report reflects over a decade of research into the media habits of young children,offering a snapshot of how technol-ogy is shaping their lives at critical developmental stages.The findings highlight both continuity and changewhile children continue

250、to rely on screen media for entertainment,educa-tion,and connection,new technologies,such as AI,are beginning to reshape the digital landscape for even the young-est users.Though the COVID-19 pandemic changed many aspects of family life,including the ways in which families need and use technology,ch

251、ildren are not using tech appreciably more than they were pre-pandemic.Rather,how children consume media is evolving.Results suggest some notable shifts in the types of screen media that young children are using.While overall screen media totals remained roughly the same from the 2020 report,there w

252、as a notable decrease in the time spent watch-ing television and videos,and an increase in time spent gaming.While watching television and videos(including downloaded and live TV as well as videos via platforms like YouTube or TikTok)still remains the most popular media activ-ity for children under

253、8,gaming(including games played on smartphones,tablets,computers,and consoles)has increased in popularity overall,and is especially common among certain demographic groups.In addition to noting trends and changes in media use,we asked parents about new technology and its impact on their childs media

254、 landscape.In this years report,we asked parents about their childs use of AI and the parents perception of AIs effect on creativity,well-being,and other aspects of child development.Over one-quarter of parents report that their child has used AI to learn about school-related material or learn criti

255、cal thinking skills,with fewer reporting their child has used AI to bolster creativity.Among parents who report that their child has used AI,the perceived impact of AI on outcomes like creativity and well-being is mostly mixed.Most parents reported that these technologies have had no impact or mixed

256、 impact on their child.Given that these technologies are newly emerging and sure to become more commonplace even among very young children,we hope these findings can provide benchmarks for change as we continue to examine the role of AI for children and families.Over time and through multiple waves

257、of data collection,we have been able to shed light on changes in how children use media and technology both at home and on the go.As we stand at the dawn of an AI revolution,it is more important than ever to understand how these tools integrate into family life and what this means for childrens deve

258、lopment.We hope the data presented in this report will inform the work of edu-cators,researchers,policymakers,and content creators as they consider the prominent role that media has in the lives of even our youngest citizens.ConclusionTHE COMMON SENSE CENSUS:MEDIA USE BY KIDS ZERO TO EIGHT,2025 35 C

259、OMMON SENSE MEDIA.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.This report presents the results of a nationally representative,probability-based online survey of 1,578 parents of children age 8 or younger,conducted from August 5 to August 29,2024.The survey is the fifth in a series of cross-sectional tracking surveys conduc

260、ted by Common Sense.Previous surveys were conducted in 2011,2013,2017,and 2020.The survey was designed by Common Sense and fielded in English and Spanish by the research firm Ipsos,using their probability-based web panel KnowledgePanel.The project was directed by Dr.Supreet Mann,director of research

261、 at Common Sense,and Amanda Lenhart,former head of research at Common Sense.Text of the survey.To the extent possible,the 2024 survey instrument duplicated the questions asked in previous years,though some items were updated to reflect newer trends.In cases where the question wording or structure ha

262、s changed,those changes are noted where relevant.The full text of the questionnaire is available at commonsense.org/2025census.Survey sample.KnowledgePanel is the first and largest online research panel that is representative of the entire U.S.popula-tion.As such,it is the largest national sampling

263、frame from which fully representative samples can be generated to produce statistically valid inferences for study populations.Panel members are randomly recruited through probability-based sampling,and households are provided with access to the internet and hardware if needed.Ipsos recruits panel m

264、embers using address-based sampling methods.Once household members are recruited for the panel and assigned to a study sample,they are notified by email for survey taking,or panelists can visit their online member page to take the survey.The use of a probability sample means the results are substant

265、ially more generalizable to the U.S.population than results based on convenience or opt-in samples.Convenience and opt-in samples include only respondents who are already online and/or who volunteer through word of mouth or advertising to participate in surveys.Oversamples.Oversamples of Black(n=249

266、)respondents,as well as Hispanic and Latino(n=333)respondents,were included in the survey.Those samples were then weighted back to their representative level when analyzing the survey results as a whole.Margin of error.The margin of error for the full sample at a 95%confidence level is+/-2.9%.Respon

267、dent compensation.Respondents received a cash equivalent of$1(1,000 points).Panel members could redeem points for things such as cash,merchandise,gift cards,or game entries.Most panelists chose to redeem their points for cash.Weighting.The use of probability-based recruitment methods for the Knowled

268、gePanel is designed to ensure that the result-ing sample properly represents the population of the United States geographically,demographically(i.e.,age,gender,race/ethnicity,and income),and in terms of home internet access.Study-specific post-stratification weights were applied once the data was fi

269、nalized,to adjust for any survey nonresponse and to ensure the proper distributions for the specific target population(in this case,parents of children age 0 to 8).Geodemographic distributions for this population were obtained from March 2023 supplemental data from the U.S.Census Bureaus Current Pop

270、ulation Survey.The following table indicates how the unweighted and weighted samples compare to the benchmarks,using Census Bureau categories.Methodology36 THE COMMON SENSE CENSUS:MEDIA USE BY KIDS ZERO TO EIGHT,2025 COMMON SENSE MEDIA.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.Demographics of survey sampleAmong U.S.paren

271、ts of children age 0 to 8Unweighted nUnweighted percentageBenchmark percentage*Weighted percentageRace/EthnicityWhite,non-Hispanic84954%56%57%Hispanic33321%22%22%Black,non-Hispanic24916%12%11%Other,non-Hispanic896%9%9%2+races,non-Hispanic584%2%2%LanguageHispanic,bilingual(English and Spanish)28918%1

272、8%17%Hispanic,Spanish dominant443%4%4%Parent GenderMale67137%45%45%Female90763%55%55%RegionNortheast23815%16%16%Midwest37224%22%23%South59938%39%39%West36923%22%23%Parent EducationLess than high school1157%8%8%High school diploma29319%25%25%Some college35823%24%24%College degree or higher81251%43%43

273、%Household Income$25,00021714%7%7%$25,000 to$49,99922014%13%13%$50,000 to$74,99920813%16%15%$75,000 to$99,99918111%14%14%$100,000 to$149,99930920%21%21%$150,000+44328%30%30%Source:March 2023 CPS Supplement Data;ACS Language Benchmarks 2022.THE COMMON SENSE CENSUS:MEDIA USE BY KIDS ZERO TO EIGHT,2025

274、 37 COMMON SENSE MEDIA.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.other racial and ethnic groups were not large enough to examine individually.Notation of hours and minutes.Throughout the report,time spent with media is periodically presented in hours:minutes.For example,two hours and 10 minutes is presented as 2:10.Perce

275、ntages.Totals will not always add up to 100 due to round-ing,multiple response options,or because totals do not include respondents who marked dont know or did not respond to that particular question.Statistical significance.Where relevant,differences over time or between demographic groups have bee

276、n tested for statisti-cal significance.Unless otherwise noted,findings are described in the text in a comparative manner(e.g.,more than,less than)only if the differences are statistically sig-nificant at the level of p .05.In tables where statistical significance has been tested,superscripts(using l

277、etters such as a,b,or c)are used to indicate whether results differ at a statistically significant level within a set of columns or rows(e.g.,parent race/ethnicity,or 2020 vs.2024).Data points that share the same superscript,and data points that have no superscript at all,are not significantly diffe

278、rent from each other.Estimating time spent with media.Findings that concern the amount of time that children spend engaged in various media activities are based on parents responses to questions about their childs activities the previous day.Parents were asked about a specific,randomly selected foca

279、l child in their house-hold.No parents estimate of their childs media use is likely to be exact.But by asking parents to focus on a specific day in their childs life(the day prior to taking the survey),we hope to elicit more precise estimates of childrens media use than by asking about a typical day

280、.Surveying was spread out over the seven days of the week to avoid any bias toward either weekdays or weekends.Unless otherwise noted,the results presented in this report are the mean time among all respon-dents,reflecting both the proportion of children who engage in an activity and the amount of t

281、ime they spend doing so.On occasion we also report time spent among users,which is the average(mean)time spent among those who engaged in that activity the previous day.When times for various activities are summed,the sums do not account for the possibility that chil-dren may have been engaging in m

282、ore than one media activity at a time(e.g.,playing a mobile game while watching televi-sion).There is no objective,passive way to measure the time that children spend engaging in the full range of media activi-ties covered in this report,or to measure the amount of their media time that may have bee

283、n spent engaging in more than one media activity.Demographic definitionsAge.When appropriate,findings are presented for the full survey sample of children age 0 to 8,and for three subgroups based on age and stage of child development.The subgroups are from birth to 23 months(babies and toddlers age

284、0 to 2);from age 2 through 4(preschool-age children);and from age 5 through 8(school-age children).Gender.As part of the screener for the survey,parents were asked whether their child was male,female,or other/nonbi-nary.Findings are presented for the full survey sample,and where relevant for male an

285、d female children.(The sample size for the other/nonbinary category was not sufficient to present those findings separately.)Household income.For the purposes of this report,lower-income is defined as families earning less than$50,000 per year.Middle-income includes those earning from$50,000 to$99,9

286、99 per year,and higher-income is families earning$100,000 or more per year.In past iterations of this report,income was defined differently.In 2020 and 2017,lower-income was defined as families earning less than$30,000 per year.Middle-income included those earning between$30,000 and$75,000 per year,

287、and higher-income included families earning more than$75,000 per year.We have made notes when comparing these income categories across time to recognize these different definitions.Parent education.Levels of parent education are collapsed into three categories for this report,using the parent who at

288、tained the highest level of education:high school diploma or less(includes those who did not finish high school,those with a GED,and high school graduates);some college(includes an associate degree or an incomplete bachelors degree);and college degree or higher(includes those with a bachelors or gra

289、duate degree).Race/ethnicity.The term Black in the report refers to any respondents who self-identify as Black or African American only.The term White refers to any respondents who self-identify as White or Caucasian only.The term Latino refers to any respondents who self-identify as Hispanic or Lat

290、ino;respondents who identified in this way are categorized as Latino,even if they identify with an additional race/ethnicity.All respondents,including those who are not part of these three major categories,are included in results based on the total sample.This includes individuals who self-identify

291、as another race/ethnicity(for example,Asian American,Pacific Islander,or Native American),or as two or more races/ethnici-ties,none of which is Hispanic.Where findings are broken out by race/ethnicity,results are presented for White,Black,and Hispanic/Latino children.The sample sizes for the 38 THE

292、COMMON SENSE CENSUS:MEDIA USE BY KIDS ZERO TO EIGHT,2025 COMMON SENSE MEDIA.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.Smart TV.A TV set that is connected to the internet,whether directly or through an add-on device(e.g.,Apple TV,Roku)to download or stream TV shows or movies onto the TV set.Smartwatch.A watch that can mak

293、e phone calls,track the wearer,and display games and text messages.Social gaming.Online gaming in which the player can play and interact with other users.Streaming.Watching TV shows or movies through a subscrip-tion service(e.g.,Amazon Prime,Disney+,Netflix,Vudu)or through a networks website.Content

294、 may be watched on a TV set,computer,or mobile device.Subscription service.A service that enables users to stream or download TV shows or movies(e.g.,Amazon Prime,Disney+,Hulu,Netflix).Tablet.An iPad or similar device(e.g.,a Galaxy Tab or other Android tablet,Kindle Fire,Microsoft Surface).Does not

295、include devices designed exclusively as e-readers.Television.Refers to TV shows or movies watched on a TV set,including live TV or content recorded earlier on a DVR,or watched through video on demand.Video games.Includes gaming on a console video game player or other device that connects to a TV set

296、(e.g.,Nintendo Switch,PlayStation,Wii,Xbox),a handheld player(e.g.,Nintendo DS,Steam Deck),a computer,or a mobile device(e.g.,a smartphone or tablet).Virtual reality.Games or movies that are viewed through a special headset(e.g.,Apple Vision Pro,HTC Vive,Meta Quest),in which the user is immersed in

297、a multidimensional media environment that responds to their movements.Media definitions AI.The terms AI and generative AI are used interchange-ably in the report.This includes chatbots and video/image generators(e.g.,ChatGPT,DALL-E).Console gaming.Includes games played on console players(e.g.,PlaySt

298、ation,Wii,Xbox).E-reading.Reading on a tablet,phone,or e-reader(e.g.,Kindle).Includes time the child spends reading or being read to by someone else.Fitness trackers.Includes devices that track health-related metrics like sleep quality or step count(e.g.,Fitbit,Oura Ring,Whoop).Handheld game player.

299、Includes games played on handheld devices as well as devices that connect to a TV set(e.g.,Nintendo Switch,PlayStation Portal,Steam Deck).Internet access.Any internet access other than dial-up,such as cable,wireless,or DSL.Participants without internet access have dial-up access or no access.Live te

300、levision.Content watched on a TV set on a broadcast or cable station as it was aired(i.e.,not time-shifted).Mobile media.Any mobile device and mobile media use includes smartphones,tablets,and other devices(e.g.,iPod Touch)that can connect to the internet,display videos,and download apps.Online vide

301、os.Includes watching videos on platforms like YouTube or TikTok.Screen media.Refers to all visually based screen activities,including watching television,DVDs/videotapes,online videos,or programming through a subscription service(e.g.,Amazon Prime,Hulu,Netflix);playing video games(including console,

302、computer,or mobile);electronic reading on a device(e.g.,a smartphone,tablet,or e-reader);using a virtual reality headset;video-chatting(e.g.,on FaceTime or Skype);doing homework or schoolwork on a computer or tablet;and doing anything else visual on a smartphone,tablet,iPod Touch,or similar device,s

303、uch as taking or viewing pictures or videos,looking things up,using social media,or using other types of apps not already covered in the previous activities.Does not include listening to music or other audio(e.g.,podcasts or audiobooks)or using a smart speaker/virtual assistant(e.g.,Amazon Echo,Goog

304、le Home,Siri).Smart speaker/virtual assistant.A device that can respond to verbal commands,play music,and answer questions(e.g.,Amazon Echo,Dot,Google Home,Siri).2025 Common Sense Media.All rights reserved.Common Sense,associated names,associated trademarks,and logos are trademarks of Common Sense M

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