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1、Perspectives on emerging challenges and opportunities for improving mental health outcomes in the region Executive Summary Contents 1.Executive summary 5 2.Introduction 10 Why mental health matters11 Objectives and approach14 About this whitepaper14 3.Overview of mental health challenges in Asia Pac

2、ific164.Access to mental healthcare in Asia Pacific17Financial general mental health investment18 Health equity20 5.Mental health system reform in Asia Pacific25Health system design26 Education and workforce strengthening31 6.Mental health policy development in Asia Pacific37Awareness building38 Eco

3、system collaboration41 Government-led initiatives and policies42 7.Conclusion and call-to-action468.Appendix:Focus Asia Pacific market snapshot48Market snapshot:Australia50 Market snapshot:Chinese mainland54Market snapshot:Hong Kong SAR58 Market snapshot:Japan62 Market snapshot:Singapore66 Market sn

4、apshot:South Korea70 Market snapshot:Taiwan74 9.Acknowledgments7810.References 80 5 The hidden cost:Unveiling the economic and social burden of mental health in Asia Pacific 2025 Copyright owned by one or more of the KPMG International entities.KPMG International entities provide no services to clie

5、nts.All rights reserved.The hidden cost:Unveiling the economic and social burden of mental health in Asia Pacific 2025 Copyright owned by one or more of the KPMG International entities.KPMG International entities provide no services to clients.All rights reserved.4 Appropriate resource allocation an

6、d financial investment enable equitable and sustainable access to preventative care,treatment and community-based services Ensures individuals receive timely,appropriate mental health services and access to the latest treatment innovation,thus reducing the overall burden of mental health issues on s

7、ociety and improving productivity and quality of life Redesign of health systems and patient care pathways,supported by a strong mental health workforce,to enable online-offline models of care Integrates mental health services into the broader healthcare system,promoting efficiency,reducing stigma,e

8、nhancing multidimensional care and ensuring that mental health is prioritized in the same way as physical health Government-led initiatives and policies empower society through improved literacy and awareness,which serve to build mental health knowledge and reduce public stigma Provides a framework

9、for implementing and sustaining mental health initiatives,ensuring resources are allocated effectively and there is a coordinated effort to address mental health challenges at a systemic level 76The hidden cost:Unveiling the economic and social burden of mental health in Asia Pacific 2025 Copyright

10、owned by one or more of the KPMG International entities.KPMG International entities provide no services to clients.All rights reserved.The hidden cost:Unveiling the economic and social burden of mental health in Asia Pacific 2025 Copyright owned by one or more of the KPMG International entities.KPMG

11、 International entities provide no services to clients.All rights reserved.ContextMental health has gained renewed attention throughout Asia Pacific(APAC).In 2021,KPMG,in collaboration with Johnson&Johnson,jointly released a landmark whitepaper for APAC leaders regarding the rising social and econom

12、ic cost of major depression,one of many mental health challenges.Four years on,this new whitepaper outlines what has changed(and what has not)in addressing the impacts of mental health more broadly in the region.KPMG,sponsored by Johnson&Johnson,assessed the mental health landscape in seven countrie

13、s and jurisdictions in APAC(Australia,Chinese mainland,Hong Kong Special Administrative Region(SAR),Japan,Singapore,South Korea and Taiwan).This whitepaper examines the advancements made since the 2021 publication,identifies new barriers and proposes future considerations to three main themes(please

14、 refer to Table 1)on improving access to mental healthcare,modernizing health system design and advancing policies across APAC.Table 1.Main themes explored in this whitepaperAccess to care Health system reform Policy developmentWhy is it important?What is it?Why mental healthcare matters in Asia Pac

15、ificWhat it is:Over 60 percent of the worlds population resides in APAC,and the region accounts for about 50 percent of the global disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)1 the total years of life lost due to premature mortality and years lived with a disability2 related to mental health.Separately,the

16、 prevalence of mental health conditions in APAC rose by 47 percent between 1990 and 2019.3 The top three mental health conditions contributing to the burden of disease in APAC are depressive disorders,anxiety and schizophrenia.4 5 Why this is important:Mental health is closely connected to overall p

17、hysical well-being.Poor mental health negatively impacts quality of life,reduces economic productivity and compromises general health outcomes,while driving up healthcare costs.What is the impact:As the region experiences rapid urbanization,economic prosperity and increasing social pressures,challen

18、ges in mental health add to the rising economic and social burden,as seen in:High out-of-pocket costs for mental healthcare compared to general medical conditions(e.g.in Singapore,there is a five-fold difference in claim limits between psychiatric care and standard ward services).6 Significant finan

19、cial and social burden on patients and caregivers(e.g.in Australia,37.2 hours of primary caregiving are required each week).7 Continued under-investment in mental healthcare(e.g.in South Korea,the mental health budget accounted for only around 3 percent of the total health budget in 2024).8 Pressing

20、 mental healthcare challenges in Asia PacificMental healthcare challenges are multifaceted.Some of the more pressing issues to address include:Sustained under-investment in mental healthcare as compared to physical healthAccess inequity Discontinuity across the careHigh-income economies should conti

21、nuum is manifested in theallocate 10 percent of their health limited coordination betweenbudgets to mental health,but inpatient and outpatient care whereAPAC markets fall short.9 patients are not aware of care options beyond the hospital walls.Mental healthcare resource shortage This is exacerbated

22、by inequitable resource distribution across A shortage of mental health metropolitan and remote areas.professionals and psychiatric beds continues to add pressure to the already constrained Limited innovationhealthcare system.Limited and slow adoption of digital and treatment innovation in mental he

23、althcare.by allocating at least 10 percent of the total healthcare budget to align with international benchmarks,exploring alternative funding mechanisms to incentivize ongoing innovations in mental healthcare,ensuring that patients can access best-in-class innovation across the entire care continuu

24、m and updating mental health strategies and policies to better address the changing needs of local populations.Tackling under-investment through a life-course approach to education,where communication channels and messaging are tailored to the specific needs of each life stage.This includes integrat

25、ing mental health education into primary and secondary school curricula and offering workplace training to raise awareness and provide support for employee mental wellness.De-stigmatizing mental health by increasing the number of psychiatrists and mental health beds.Importantly,develop policies that

26、 address current access disparities,expand infrastructure capacity and strengthen the future workforces capacity and capabilities.Improving availability of resources that extends beyond point solutions to develop comprehensive care pathways that integrate innovation(e.g.digital health,digital therap

27、eutics,medical devices)across prevention,diagnosis,treatment and monitoring.Future policies can focus on fostering multi-stakeholder collaboration,promoting investment and adopting innovation in the healthcare system.Innovating the standard of care 9 The hidden cost:Unveiling the economic and social

28、 burden of mental health in Asia Pacific 2025 Copyright owned by one or more of the KPMG International entities.KPMG International entities provide no services to clients.All rights reserved.The hidden cost:Unveiling the economic and social burden of mental health in Asia Pacific 2025 Copyright owne

29、d by one or more of the KPMG International entities.KPMG International entities provide no services to clients.All rights reserved.Opportunities for changeThree key areas are identified for policymakers to bring about the most needed change.Specifically,increasing:Investment Although there are polic

30、ies aimed at raising awareness,prevention and research in mental health,all APAC markets examined in this paper fall short of the recommended share of health expenditure allocated to mental healthcare(ranging from 1.2 percent to 8.8 percent,compared to the international benchmark of 10 percent for h

31、igh-income markets).10 Policies and targeted investments in mental healthcare could be augmented in order to address system challenges,such as workforce and infrastructure shortages,implementing effective campaigns and education to reduce cultural stigma and financing the development,access and adop

32、tion of innovation in mental healthcare.Availability Only one APAC market meets the recommended ratio of 10 psychiatrists11(with the lowest being 3.6)per 100,000 of the population,12 while just two markets meet the optimal 60 mental health beds13(with the lowest being 37.6)per 100,000 of the populat

33、ion.14 Future policies could focus on addressing access disparities driven by geographical factors(e.g.20 psychiatrists per 100,000 people in urban areas in Japan compared to 5 in remote areas)15 and other social determinants of health(such as education,income level,digital literacy).Other than incr

34、easing capacity,mental health policies must improve workforce capabilities and reduce stigma surrounding mental healthcare as a profession,promote upskilling to provide culturally sensitive care and increase workforce diversity.16 Innovation Innovation in mental health across the standard of care,fr

35、om prevention,diagnosis,treatment and monitoring,remains limited.Progress in innovation continues to lag behind that in other therapeutic areas.For example,in 2023,venture funding in oncology(US$334.2 million)and cardiology(US$321.9 million)in APAC was more than double the funding allocated to menta

36、l health(less than US$150 million).17 Between 2018 and 2022,only 4.8 percent of FDA-approved drugs targeted psychiatric conditions,compared to 35.1 percent for hematology and oncology.18 Similarly,in 2024,the FDA approved more than 60 new drugs for oncology,compared to seven for psychiatry.19 20 Pol

37、icies of the future should move beyond point solutions and instead incentivize more disruptive innovation through the provision of grants and subsidies for digital solutions(e.g.digital and pharmaceutical therapeutics,medtech devices)and treatments(e.g.newer generations of medication)across the full

38、 care spectrum.Additionally,such policies could invest in building capacity for the design and deployment of digital systems,new models of care and emerging technologies.Call-to-actionImproving the mental healthcare landscape requires multi-stakeholder effort.Policymakers are encouraged to discuss t

39、he recommendations presented in this paper.Short to medium-term actions can include:8 What it is Approximately one in eight people worldwide,or about 970 million individuals,live with mental health conditions21 and their prevalence increased by 48 percent from 1990 to 2019.22 Mental health condition

40、s are the leading contributor to the global non-fatal burden of disease,according to the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation.The top three mental health conditions are depressive disorder,anxiety disorders and schizophrenia.23 What is the impactMental health is integral to an individuals ove

41、rall well-being.With the rising prevalence of mental health conditions,there has been a corresponding increase in the economic and social burden:Loss of productivity The World Health Organization(WHO)estimates that depression and anxiety cost theglobal economy the equivalent of US$1 trillion annuall

42、y in lost productivity.24 Increased healthcare costs The National Institute of Mental Health found that in the United States,the annualloss in earnings due to serious mental health conditions was over US$193 billion.25 Increased absenteeism and decreased presenteeism According to the Centers for Dis

43、ease Control andPrevention,depression contributes to the loss of over 200 million workdays annually in the United States.26 Deterioration in the quality of life The proportion of global DALYs related to mental health conditions hasincreased from 3.46 percent in 1990 to 5.38 percent in 2021.27 Burden

44、 on caregivers Approximately a third of caregivers have experienced emotional or physical strainassociated with caregiving responsibilities.28 Why this is importantPoor mental health negatively impacts quality of life and general health outcomes worldwide and drives up healthcare costs.The World Eco

45、nomic Forum and Havard School of Public Health have forecasted that the global cost of mental health conditions will increase significantly from US$2.5 trillion in 2010 to US$6 trillion by 2030,surpassing the combined costs of cancer,diabetes and respiratory diseases.29 2.1 Why mental health matters

46、 The mental health landscape globally02 Introduction 11 The hidden cost:Unveiling the economic and social burden of mental health in Asia Pacific 2025 Copyright owned by one or more of the KPMG International entities.KPMG International entities provide no services to clients.All rights reserved.The

47、hidden cost:Unveiling the economic and social burden of mental health in Asia Pacific 2025 Copyright owned by one or more of the KPMG International entities.KPMG International entities provide no services to clients.All rights reserved.10 High out-of-pocket costs for mental healthcare compared to ge

48、neral medical conditions:Singapore:A five-folddifference in claim limits(US$123 per day forpsychiatric care comparedto US$616 per day forstandard ward services).42 Productivity loss owing to mental health conditions:Japan:Mental healthconditions have the highestcost for productivity loss dueto prese

49、nteeism(US$470per capita)compared toother health conditions.48 Hong Kong SAR:Totalannual costs related tomental health conditions foremployers in professionalservices ranged fromUS$0.72 billion to US$1.6billion.49 South Korea:The averageannual cost per personfor absenteeism due todepression was US$1

50、81,while the average cost perperson for presenteeismrelated to depression wasUS$2,114.50 Australia:8 million workingdays are lost annually due tomental health conditions.51 Patients and their caregivers face significant social burden by markets:Hong Kong SAR:Onein three respondents ina survey would

51、considerending friendships withthose diagnosed with mentalillness.43 Australia:37.2 hours ofprimary caregiving wererequired each week.44 Chinese mainland:72percent of caregiversexperienced high caregivingburden and some experiencedsevere depression andanxiety.45 10 percent ofcaregivers resigned from

52、 theirjobs and 30 percent requestedtime off from work.46 Taiwan:A study examining theimpact of caregiving burdenfound that caregivers of mentalhealth patients experiencedpoorer quality of life whenthey faced a higher caregivingburden,elevated psychologicaldistress and reducedself-esteem.In particula

53、r,caregivers of individuals withschizophrenia were reportedto have significantly lowerquality of life compared tothose caring for individualswith bipolar disorder or majordepressive disorder.47 Continued underinvestment in mental healthcare across APAC:According to United forGlobal Mental Health,the

54、Lancet expenditure targetstated that low-incomemarkets,lower middle-income markets and uppermiddle-income marketscould afford to allocate aminimum of 5 percent ofhealth budgets andhigh-income markets couldallocate a minimum of 10percent52 towards mentalhealthcare services.Singapore:GovernmentExpendi

55、ture on mentalhealth increased by 10.6percent from 2020 to2021 but still stood atonly 3 percent of overallgovernment healthexpenditure.53 South Korea:The mentalhealth budget in 2024increased by 19 percentfrom 2023.However,itstill only accounts for 3percent of the total healthbudget.54 By refining he

56、alth system design and strengthening government policies,mental health outcomes can be improved,leading to better overall well-being and increased productivity in the region.Differences from globalThe APAC region faces distinct challenges in the mental health landscape due to the entrenched cultural

57、 and social stigma,geographical disparities between metropolitan and remote areas and inequities in access to care.Over 50 percent of individuals with mental health conditions are not receiving any treatment.35 These challenges also impact the availability and quality of data for reporting,making it

58、 difficult to present an accurate representation of the mental health landscape in APAC.Some specific challenges observed include:Culture:Cultural stigma surrounding mental health in APAC remains strong,with comparative studies showingthat Asian cultures have a greater stigma toward mental health th

59、an Western cultures.36 As a result,mental healthconditions could be viewed as a“sign of weakness”.Geography:There are notable disparities in access to care and infrastructure between metropolitan and remoteareas.In Australias urban areas,for example,there are approximately 16 psychiatrists per 100,0

60、00 people,whichis near the OECD average of 17.5 per 100,000.37 38 In regional and remote areas,the number is considerablylower remote areas in the state of New South Wales have fewer than one per 100,000 and inner and outerregional areas have between one and eight per 100,000.39 Awareness:There is l

61、imited awareness and a low rate of mental health resource utilization within APAC.Forinstance,the European Health Literacy Survey released in 2022 revealed that 85.4 percent of respondents inJapan feel their mental health literacy level is insufficient,compared to 47.6 percent in the eight EU market

62、ssurveyed(Austria,Bulgaria,Germany,Greece,Ireland,Netherlands,Poland and Spain).40 In Hong Kong SAR,community-based mental health services,operated by non-profit organizations,are available in each district.41 However,these services are under-utilized due to a lack of awareness and the difficulty in

63、 accessing publiclyavailable information about them,as noted in a stakeholder interview with a representative from a patientadvocacy group.The mental health landscape in Asia Pacific0 100 200 300 400 500 600 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 2021 Depressive Disorders Anxiety Disorders Schizophrenia Bipo

64、lar Disorder Eating Disorder 13 The hidden cost:Unveiling the economic and social burden of mental health in Asia Pacific 2025 Copyright owned by one or more of the KPMG International entities.KPMG International entities provide no services to clients.All rights reserved.The hidden cost:Unveiling th

65、e economic and social burden of mental health in Asia Pacific 2025 Copyright owned by one or more of the KPMG International entities.KPMG International entities provide no services to clients.All rights reserved.Similarities to global More than 60 percent of the worlds population lives in Asia Pacif

66、ic(APAC)30 and the region accounts for 50 percent of the global DALYs31 the total years of life lost due to premature mortality and years lived with a disability32 related to mental health.The prevalence of mental health conditions in APAC increased by 47 percent from 1990 to 2019.33 Similar to glob

67、al trends,the top three mental health conditions in the region are depressive disorder,anxiety and schizophrenia,based on the increase in DALYs per 100,000 individuals(see Figure 1 and Figure 2).Figure 1.Burden of diseases measured by DALYs per 100,000 people in East Asia Pacific,1991 to 202134 Why

68、mental health is important in Asia PacificAs APAC experiences rapid urbanization,economic prosperity and increasing social pressures,the economic,social and resource burden of mental health conditions continues to grow.Examples of this are outlined in Table 2 below.Table 2.Overview of the economic,s

69、ocial and resource burden of mental health in APACEconomic Social Resource 12 15 The hidden cost:Unveiling the economic and social burden of mental health in Asia Pacific 2025 Copyright owned by one or more of the KPMG International entities.KPMG International entities provide no services to clients

70、.All rights reserved.The hidden cost:Unveiling the economic and social burden of mental health in Asia Pacific 2025 Copyright owned by one or more of the KPMG International entities.KPMG International entities provide no services to clients.All rights reserved.2.2 Objectives and approach OBJECTIVEST

71、his whitepaper aims to:Examine current barriers and propose future considerations to improve mental healthcare access,highlight alternative designs to improve health systems and patient care pathways and advancegovernment policies across APAC.Propose recommendations for key stakeholder groups as a c

72、all to action.Deep-dive into the mental healthcare landscape across APAC(see Appendix:Focus Asia Pacific marketsnapshot).APPROACHThe insights and proposed considerations in this whitepaper were developed through primary research consultations with key opinion leaders(KOLs),patient advocacy group(PAG

73、)representatives n=17(refer to the full list of contributing authors in Acknowledgments)and secondary analysis of databases and official publications(see References).Research findings on key barriers and considerations were categorized into three themes(access to mental healthcare,health system refo

74、rm and policy development),which were further broken into topics.The findings were complemented by market-specific snapshots to highlight specific market needs and provide nuanced perspectives for each market.2.3 About this whitepaper Current state of mental health policy in Asia PacificThis whitepa

75、per draws on two prior publications focused on major depressive disorder(MDD)and schizophrenia,namely The rising social and economic cost of major depression:seeing the full spectrum(2020)and The spectrum of major depressive disorder burden in Southeast Asia(2021).These publications explore the chal

76、lenges of MDD,including an understanding of sub-types,barriers in diagnosis and treatment,stigma and social and economic outcomes on well-being.The publications also explored future policy considerations,such as the development of healthcare standards,guidelines and financial coverage for MDD diagno

77、sis and treatment,new models of care and investment priorities.This whitepaper expands upon these prior publications by covering the breadth of mental health burden while building upon prior barriers and considerations to assess what has changed or not since the last publication.This paper will skew

78、 focus towards MDD and schizophrenia as the conditions that have the highest growth rates within APAC.To support localized action,this whitepaper supports findings with specific APAC market snapshots;each presenting an overview of the current mental health policies,health systems,resource allocation

79、,barriers and future considerations within the market.Progress in mental healthcare since 2021 New policies in mental health have been developed across APAC since 2021,as outlined in Table 3.Table 3.National mental health policies and plans developed since 2021 in focused APAC marketsGovernment expe

80、nditure on mental health as%of total Focus APAC marketExamples of mental health policies or plans in place(non-exhaustive)Year of publicationgovernment health expenditurePsychiatrists per 100,000 population14 Australia Vision 3055 2022 6.8 percent57 16.058 National Mental Health Workforce Strategy(2

81、022 to 2032)56 Chinese The National Health Plan of the 14th 2022 1.2 percent61 3.662 mainland Five-Year Plan59 (Spending on public psychiatric hospitals Work Plan of Healthy China Action and psychiatric 2023 in 2023 Strategy(2022 to 2032)60 health institutions)Hong Kong Mental Health Policy Amendmen

82、ts63 2023 3.5 percent64 65 7.6SAR 66 Revised Mental Health and Japan2024 8.8 percent68 13.369 Welfare Act67 National Mental Health and Singapore71 72 70 2023 3.0 percent5.0 Well-being Strategy South Transformative Plan for Mental Korea 75 77 Health Policy Innovation73 2023 3.0 percent 9.0 National M

83、ental Health Resilience Taiwan 2.5 percent76 9.378 Plan(2025 to 2030)742024 Underinvestment in mentalhealthcare in APAC.Lack of basic mental healthcareinfrastructure.Disparity in resource allocation andavailability between geographical areas.Observed socioeconomicdisparities in access totimely,quali

84、ty care andmedications based onpatients and caregiverspersonal circumstances.Observed geographicaldisparities in access toquality care.Social and cultural stigma,complicated by the lack ofawareness and knowledge ofmental health.Lack of targeted policiesaddressing mental health sub-types of MDD.Dispr

85、oportionate government funding allocationto treatment compared to prevention and earlyintervention.Healthcare budgets have increased,but theallocation for mental health has not beenproportional to other areas of health.Disparity in access to timely,quality careand range of medication based on patien

86、tssocioeconomic backgrounds.Fragmented healthcare system with limitedintegration and coordination across the carecontinuum.Slow rate of digital adoption in mental healthcarecompared to other areas of health.Well-being challenges among mental healthcareprofessionals(such as burnout).Inconsistent heal

87、th data collection creates achallenge in monitoring and assessing theeffectiveness of mental health initiatives.B.1 Incorporate essential mental health medications andservices into universal health coverage(UHC)and nationalhealth insurance(NHI)schemes.B.2 Update clinical guidelines to integrate heal

88、th equityconsiderations to promote fairness and accessibility.B.3 Enhance the mental health workforce by integratingdigital tools to augment the capacity to serve more patientsand improve efficiency.Policy implementation challenges in clinicalpractice due to limited public consultation duringpolicy

89、development.Fragmented data collection and limitedmonitoring of new policy effectiveness.The following chapters of this whitepaper will explore these new challenges that have emerged in the mental health landscape since 2021.Mental health is a basic human right for all people.Everyone,whoever and wh

90、erever they are,has a deserving and inherent right to the highest attainable standard of mental health.”World Health Organization17 The hidden cost:Unveiling the economic and social burden of mental health in Asia Pacific 2025 Copyright owned by one or more of the KPMG International entities.KPMG In

91、ternational entities provide no services to clients.All rights reserved.The hidden cost:Unveiling the economic and social burden of mental health in Asia Pacific 2025 Copyright owned by one or more of the KPMG International entities.KPMG International entities provide no services to clients.All righ

92、ts reserved.Insufficient targeted investment in mental healthcare.A.1 Explore alternative,public and private mixed financing mechanisms for top-up needs.Overview of mental health challenges in Asia Pacific The mental health landscape in APAC is undergoing significant changes.While some systemic chal

93、lenges previously identified remain unresolved,new challenges have become more apparent in recent years(Table This presents an opportunity to take stock of current access,reforms and policy and look at how existing system issues and new emerging issues can be resolved to ensure improved and sustaina

94、ble economic and social outcomes in APAC.Table 4.Overview of existing and new challenges in mental health Challenges in mental healthcare explored in 20202021 papers79 80 New challenges since 2021 Access to mental healthcare in Asia Pacific Access to mental healthcare across APAC is inequitable due

95、to chronic underinvestment in the necessary infrastructure and inadequate resource allocation for prevention and treatment,thus impacting individuals health and social determinants(e.g.Policy Health system Access to mentaldevelopmentreform healthcare Delays in appropriate interventionsbeing taken.ge

96、ographic location,housing,education and employment).This section examines the main barriers and primary considerations for addressing the challenges outlined in Table 5.They highlight the importance of making targeted investments in mental healthcare,as it improves resource availability and accessib

97、ility to digital and treatment innovation.Table 5.Overview of barriers and considerations for improving access to mental healthcare in APACBarriers ConsiderationsFinancialA.barriers to mentalHealth equityB.health investment16 What is it:Mental healthcare continues to be an underinvested area in APAC

98、.Despite the nominal increase in healthcare expenditure,there is limited targeted investment in mental health support services(e.g.insurance coverage,timeliness in care access,mental health workforce capacity)to meet growing demand.Why is it important:Alternative public-private mixed funding mechani

99、sms make mental health medications,treatments and services more affordable and accessible to the public without disadvantaging individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds.These mechanisms help maintain accountability by ensuring that people still have a variety of mental health treatment option

100、s to choose from.What is the impact:Chronic underinvestment in mental health continues to drive the increasing social and economic burden of poor mental health,surpassing the capacity and capability of workforces to meet the rising demand for care.The financial and social burden of mental health can

101、 be manifested in productivity loss for patients and their caregivers who can no longer work at their full capacity.What is it:Financing mechanisms that leverage public-private partnerships to subsidize costs associated with mental health services can include:Subsidized health insurance plans that c

102、over essential mental health medications.Tiered coverage plans where the government covers essential medications and private insurance covers higher-end and newer generations of medications.Income-based co-payment models where the government bears most of the medication cost for lower-incomeearners

103、with limited private health insurance,but support is reduced for higher-income earners.Bulk procurement agreements can be negotiated between the government and pharmaceutical companieswhere mental health medications can be sold at lower prices to maintain affordability.Private health saving accounts

104、 where the government provides tax incentives to individuals to voluntarily setaside tax-free savings to cover mental healthcare and medication.Evidence and examples:United for Global Mental Health recommends that low-to middle-upper-income markets dedicate at least 5 percent of the health budget to

105、 mental health and 10 percent in high-income markets.81 According to this guide,APAC markets are consistently underinvesting in mental health,as shown in Table 6.How to address:Financing mechanisms mostly rely on government subsidies and reimbursement and collaboration with the private sector(e.g.pr

106、ivate health insurance companies and pharmaceutical companies)to reduce the cost of mental health treatments and medications passed onto individuals.As health systems evolve and individuals in APAC experience greater economic prosperity,they are increasingly able to invest in their own mental health

107、care needs(e.g.private insurance policies that co-pay for psychology consultations).*Spending on public psychiatric hospitals and psychiatric health institutionsTable 6.Government expenditure on mental health across APAC marketsMarket Government expenditure on mental health As a%of total government

108、health expenditure YearAUD11.585 billion HKD6,086 million KRW527.5 billion CNY1,146 billion*SGD379.1 million JPY1,050.3 billion NTD5.607 billion Australia82 Hong Kong SAR84 85 South Korea87 Chinese mainland83 Singapore88 Japan86 Taiwan89 6.78 percent 3.5 percent 3.0 percent 1.2 percent*3.0 percent 8

109、.8 percent 2.5 percent 20212022 20222023 2024 2023 2022 2021 2024 Evidence and examples:Funding increase for long-acting injectables(LAIs)in Taiwan:In August 2024,Taiwans National Institute of Healthpublished a study tracking over 50,000 first-time hospitalized schizophrenia patients.The study found

110、 that patientsreceiving LAIs without early medication interruptions had a 12 percent to 13 percent lower risk of rehospitalizationcompared to those who did not receive them.90 LAIs are used as a form of treatment for schizophrenia and bipolardisorder.Data from health insurance claims showed a 35.7 p

111、ercent increase in the usage rate of LAIs from 61percent in 2022 to 82.8 percent in 2023.91 This increase reflects strong domestic demand,with plans to raise thefunding to US$94.5 million in 2025 from US$84.3 million between 2022 to 2024.92 Co-Pay Assist Plan in Singapore:Under the Comprehensive Co-

112、Payment Scheme,the insurer pays for half ofthe co-pay medical bills incurred in Singapore government-restructured or private hospitals for kidney dialysis,chemotherapy,radiotherapy for cancer and use of cyclosporin and erythropoietin.93 Similar co-payment modelscan be extended to include mental heal

113、th services,making them more accessible.Insufficient targeted investment in mental healthcare19 The hidden cost:Unveiling the economic and social burden of mental health in Asia Pacific 2025 Copyright owned by one or more of the KPMG International entities.KPMG International entities provide no serv

114、ices to clients.All rights reserved.The hidden cost:Unveiling the economic and social burden of mental health in Asia Pacific 2025 Copyright owned by one or more of the KPMG International entities.KPMG International entities provide no services to clients.All rights reserved.Considerations for finan

115、cial investment in mental healthA.Financial general mental health investmentFunding availability affects the delivery of mental health services,infrastructure improvements,workforce expansion and skill development.It influences both the affordability of care for patients and the long-term sustainabi

116、lity of services provided by healthcare professionals.Mental health investment barriers A.1 Explore alternatives,public and private mixed financing mechanismsfor top-up needs18 B.Health equity There are many social determinants that impact individuals mental wellness and ability to access timely,qua

117、lity mental healthcare,such as socioeconomic status,education level,employment,geographical location and housing.Addressing health inequities enables access to timely and quality care.Health equity barriers Observed socioeconomic disparities in access to timely,quality care and medications based on

118、patients and caregivers personal circumstances What is it:Mental health services can present a significant financial burden to individuals and caregivers as costs of long-term medications,hospitalization and/or ongoing psychotherapy accumulate rapidly.Disparities in individuals and their caregivers

119、socioeconomic circumstances and mental health literacy levels create inequities in accessing quality,timely care.What is the impact:With limited public health insurance coverage for mental health services,private healthcare options are often financially unattainable and unsustainable for individuals

120、 from lower socioeconomic backgrounds,who are already faced with a host of financial and social challenges such as poor living conditions,housing instability,food insecurity,difficult working conditions and limited education opportunities.These barriers can delay or discourage individuals from seeki

121、ng timely treatment,worsening health outcomes and quality of life,especially for conditions like depression and increasing the likelihood of recurring mental health crises.Evidence and examples:Mental health burden for Indigenous Australians:Mental health conditions are among the leading causes of d

122、isease burden for First Nations people.There are disparities in mental healthcare access between First Nations people and non-Indigenous Australians where the main barriers include culturally safe and responsive health services not being available near their homes(often in remote and rural areas)and

123、 limited transport options to access care.94 South Korea:A main burden for schizophrenia patients is the cumulative cost of long-term care,whereby sanatoria and rehabilitation account for 90 percent of direct non-healthcare costs.Individuals miss the opportunity for early intervention,resulting in p

124、oor prognosis and requiring inpatient care.95 Singapore:The wait time for a psychiatric appointment can be up to 47 days96 at a public hospital compared to 3 days97 in a private health clinic.Observed geographical disparities in access to quality care What is it:Mental health facilities tend to be c

125、oncentrated more in metropolitan and urban areas compared to remote and rural areas,resulting in disparity in resource allocation.Facilities in metropolitan areas are often better equipped with health professionals,infrastructure(e.g.hospital beds)and specialized services compared to those in remote

126、 areas.What is the impact:As a result of this resource scarcity,individuals residing in remote areas often need to travel long distances for care or delay their treatment.They may also face longer wait times and limited treatment options.Geographical disparities in resource distribution can exacerba

127、te health inequities between rural and urban populations,especially given that rural populations witness a higher prevalence of mental health conditions due to social isolation,poverty and cultural stigma.98 Evidence and examples:Australia:Most major cities have an average of 16 psychiatrists per 10

128、0,000 people compared to the average of less than 1 to 8 psychiatrists per 100,000 people in regional and remote areas.99 Japan:Urban areas have 20 psychiatrists per 100,000 people compared to 10 in suburban and 5 in rural areas.100 South Korea:Between June 2014 to June 2024,the number of psychiatri

129、sts increased by 1,165,with 67.3 percent(784)of them concentrated in metropolitan areas like Seoul and Gyeonggi.At the same time,the number of psychiatrists in Gangwon,a rural area,decreased from 98 to 87.101 21 The hidden cost:Unveiling the economic and social burden of mental health in Asia Pacifi

130、c 2025 Copyright owned by one or more of the KPMG International entities.KPMG International entities provide no services to clients.All rights reserved.The hidden cost:Unveiling the economic and social burden of mental health in Asia Pacific 2025 Copyright owned by one or more of the KPMG Internatio

131、nal entities.KPMG International entities provide no services to clients.All rights reserved.20 Health equity considerations B.1 Incorporate essential mental health medications and services into UHC and NHI schemes Why is it important:Health inequities in resource distribution can be addressed at the

132、 health system level by revising national health insurance schemes to cover a broader range of medications.By doing this,health systems can make mental health treatments and medications more affordable by including them on the Essential Medications List(EML)under UHC or NHI schemes.Lowering treatmen

133、t expenses promotes early intervention,supports long-term care adherence,improves overall health outcomes and reduces health inequities.Why is it important:Clinical guidelines are essential to supporting mental healthcare workers as they diagnose and treat patients,regardless of their socioeconomic

134、status.107 To ensure health equity,clinical guidelines should be developed with the aim of promoting health equity,fairness and accessibility to treatments,while taking into consideration the effectiveness of clinical options and their feasibility.108 What is it:Review and update(e.g.annually)the li

135、st of essential mental health medications covered by public health insurance.This enables newer generations of medications with proven efficacy to be made accessible to the public.What is it:To ensure health equity,clinical guidelines should be developed with the aim of promoting health equity,fairn

136、ess and accessibility to treatments,while also taking into consideration the effectiveness of clinical options and feasibility of implementation.How to address:Healthcare systems should regularly review and update their lists of essential mental health medications covered by public health insurance,

137、which would help enable newer generations of medications with proven efficacy to be made accessible to the public.They can also rely on the EML created by global public health agencies,such as the WHO,to review and update what treatments or medications are eligible for coverage under UHC and NHI gui

138、delines.The EML can also be used as a guide for markets in determining which medications qualify for government subsidies,particularly for emerging,more effective treatments for depression,schizophrenia and anxiety.The list could also support governments in their negotiations with pharmaceutical com

139、panies to purchase essential medications in bulk at discounted prices and distribute them in the public health network.How to address:Development and revision of clinical guidelines should be conducted in consultation with representatives from underserved or socioeconomically disadvantaged populatio

140、ns to ensure that the needs of diverse populations are met.The clinical practice guideline development process should aim to reduce structural inequities,such as inequitable distribution of power and resources.Evidence and examples:Updates to the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme(PBS)in Australia:The P

141、BS subsidizes mental health medications to make them accessible to Australians.102 The Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee has recommended PBS funding for SPRAVATO nasal spray for eligible patients with treatment-resistant major depression who are non-responsive to at least two oral anti-depr

142、essant drugs.103 National Health Insurance in Japan:Japans National Health Insurance scheme subsidizes psychiatric medications such as psychotropic drugs.104 Medisave and MediShield Life in Singapore:MediShield,a health insurance program,covers essential inpatient mental health treatments.105 Medisa

143、ve can help cover part of the costs for outpatient treatment for certain mental health conditions(depression,schizophrenia,anxiety,bipolar disorder),including necessary medications.106 Evidence and examples:Aboriginal Mental Health Guidelines in Australia:The Aboriginal Mental Health Clinical Practi

144、ce Guideline was created with input from First Nations communities and is regularly updated as new evidence becomes available.109 The Aboriginal Mental Health Consultation Guideline emphasizes the use of culturally appropriate tools,such as the MR23 WACHS Mental Health Cultural Information Gathering

145、 Tool.110 This tool was adapted through extensive consultations to better meet the cultural needs of Western Australian populations.111 Working well together document in the United kingdom:In 2019,the National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health(NCCMH)developed the Working Well Together document,

146、which provided guidance and resources for commissioners of mental health services.The goal was to enhance local strategic decision-making about present and future mental health services by collaborating with communities,particularly those experiencing inequalities.112 Additionally,the NCCMH develope

147、d the Advancing Mental Health Equality resource to offer guidance in recognizing and reducing inequalities related to mental health support,care and treatment.113 Updating clinical guidelines to include more effective treatments and a broader range of medications for different sub-types of mental he

148、alth conditions,as well as improving workforce distribution to reduce disparities in the availability and quality of care between metropolitan and rural areas can help address health inequities.B.2 Update clinical guidelines to integrate health equity considerations to promote fairness and accessibi

149、lity 23 The hidden cost:Unveiling the economic and social burden of mental health in Asia Pacific 2025 Copyright owned by one or more of the KPMG International entities.KPMG International entities provide no services to clients.All rights reserved.The hidden cost:Unveiling the economic and social bu

150、rden of mental health in Asia Pacific 2025 Copyright owned by one or more of the KPMG International entities.KPMG International entities provide no services to clients.All rights reserved.22 Fragmented healthcare systemswith limited integration andcoordination across the carecontinuum for patients a

151、ndcaregivers who are seeking clinicaland social support services.Observed difficulties in the adoptionof digital solutions in mentalhealthcare.Shortage of mental healthcareprofessionals.Limited ongoing training anddevelopment opportunities formental healthcare professionalsto stay updated on the lat

152、estinnovations.C.1 Improve efficiency in the transition of care and reduceoperational complexity in care delivery by integratingonline and offline community-based care models.C.2 Explore integrative care models to provide holisticprevention and care that cuts across mental and physicalhealth.C.3 Des

153、ign a digital health platform that can integratedigital products and services to better coordinate care forpatients and caregivers across the care continuum.D.1 Design and implement wellness programs thatimprove the well-being of mental healthcare professionals.D.2 Design the future workforce strate

154、gy to balance theincrease in the mental health talent supply and diversifycommunity-based roles.D.3 Support workforce upskilling in using emergingtechnologies and incorporating medical productinnovations to provide care.Mental health is recognised and accepted by governments in the Asia Pacific regi

155、on as a condition impacting a broad range of stakeholders,yet without appropriate and fair access to treatment for all.There needs to be a real solution that supports the community.”Peter Liddell Head of Life Sciences,KPMG Asia Pacific 25The hidden cost:Unveiling the economic and social burden of me

156、ntal health in Asia Pacific 2025 Copyright owned by one or more of the KPMG International entities.KPMG International entities provide no services to clients.All rights reserved.The hidden cost:Unveiling the economic and social burden of mental health in Asia Pacific 2025 Copyright owned by one or m

157、ore of the KPMG International entities.KPMG International entities provide no services to clients.All rights reserved.B.3 Enhance the mental health workforce by integrating digital tools toaugment the capacity to serve more patients and improve efficiencyWhy is it important:The current healthcare wo

158、rkforce is operating at full capacity.While reallocating resources from metropolitan areas to underserved regions(e.g.through mandatory clinical placements in rural areas)could enhance resource availability,this may not be a sustainable long-term solution.Digital tools such as telehealth offer an op

159、portunity to increase the capacity and efficiency of care delivery in remote areas by allowing individuals to receive treatment closer to home,thus potentially boosting treatment uptake and adherence.What is it:Design,build and implement digital tools(e.g.telemedicine,remote monitoring,mobile health

160、 clinics,health information systems)to augment the capacity and efficiency of the existing mental health workforce to serve populations in remote and rural areas.How to address:Government initiatives can encourage the use of wearables and digital apps for remote monitoring.Mobile health clinics can

161、automate tasks like patient registration,diagnosis logging and prescription tracking,allowing healthcare professionals to treat more patients in resource-limited communities.Implementing health information systems can replace paper records,making it easier to share patient information,prescriptions

162、and treatment plans between providers,reducing administrative work and improving care quality.Evidence and examples:Telemedicine in Chinese mainland:Telemedicine is used to improve unequal resource allocation of healthcareresources,thus closing the gap between rural and metropolitan areas in terms o

163、f the capability and quality ofmedical services provided.114 Additionally,telepsychiatry has also been made available in rural areas where thereare fewer psychiatrists.Telehealth initiative in Australia:The inclusion of telehealth services in the Medicare Benefits Schedule enablesindividuals to rece

164、ive subsidized psychological care remotely.115 Mental health system reform in Asia Pacific A well-organized healthcare system can support the effective delivery of both mental and physical health services across various settings,including homes,schools,workplaces,hospitals and community-based facili

165、ties.116 A comprehensive health system ensures continuity of care,allowing patients to easily navigate the system and access the necessary support and services beyond institutional settings(such as follow-up appointments at local health facilities,remote health monitoring).A well-designed patient ca

166、re pathway that integrates both mental and physical healthcare can improve overall health outcomes.This chapter explores the barriers and future considerations,as summarized in Table 7 below,in reshaping mental health systems,patient care pathways and mental health workforce strengthening in APAC.Th

167、e key barriers and considerations discussed in this section highlight the importance of investing in talent-building mental healthcare to improve the capability and capacity of care provision to wider populations.Note Mental health systems across APAC are heterogeneous due to varied economic,social

168、and political factors.Although the barriers and considerations explored in this chapter are common to multiple markets within APAC,the specific nuances are drawn out in the Appendix:Focus Asia Pacific market snapshot.Table 7.Summary of barriers and considerations in mental health system reform in AP

169、ACBarriers ConsiderationsEducation andF.E.Healthworkforce strengtheningsystem design 24 C.Health system design Health system design involves planning,coordination and delivery of care to meet the needs of individuals across the care continuum,including prevention,treatment,rehabilitation and ongoing

170、 monitoring and management.A well-structured health system,supported by a skilled and well-equipped workforce,enables effective,timely and coordinated care for patients and their caregivers.Health system design barriers Fragmented healthcare systems with limited integration and coordination across t

171、he care continuum for patients and caregivers who are seeking clinical and social support services What is it:There is noticeable discontinuity across the care continuum,as mental health is often treated separately from general physical health and is primarily provided in institutional settings,such

172、 as psychiatric hospitals.Moreover,there is generally low availability of and access to community-based facilities for preventive care,follow-up appointments and ongoing health monitoring.What is the impact:As a result of this fragmented health system,there is limited coordination between inpatient

173、and community-based facilities,creating challenges for patients and caregivers in their access to care as they lack a clear understanding of the care required,available options and where to seek help outside of hospitals.This compromises overall health outcomes because patients are more likely to re

174、-integrate into the community when receiving care in community settings closer to home.Evidence and examples:Hong Kong SAR:Mental healthcare in Hong Kong SAR is fragmented.The planning and delivery of medical and social services for mental health are decentralized whereby clinical care provided by p

175、rofessionals,such as psychiatrists,is separate from services offered by the social sector.This reduces the ability to deliver holistic care to patients,particularly as patients often undergo repetitive treatments.117 South Korea:There is fragmentation in the mental health service provider network du

176、e to the absence of a central coordinator to foster collaboration among providers.At an Open Dialogue workshop held as part of the WHO QualityRights Project in South Korea,participants expressed that a fragmented network hindered care continuity,highlighting the need for a system that can seamlessly

177、 transition patients from hospitalization to care outside of hospitals.118 Observed difficulties in the adoption of digital solutions in mental healthcare What is it:While health systems may acknowledge the need for digital solutions,their adoption can be hindered by:A fragmented health system that

178、limits technology integration and data exchange between systems.Significant disparities in infrastructure and connectivity between metropolitan and remote areas slow down the adoption of digital solutions Disparities in digital savviness,understanding and usage among healthcare professionals.This in

179、cludes limited familiarity with and training in electronic health records and health information systems and resistance to adopting telemedicine due to concerns about patient privacy and data security.Lingering stigma surrounding mental health,which results in data gaps and under-reporting of the fi

180、nancial and social burden of mental health in APAC.Resistance among mental health professionals towards technology due to concerns about patient privacy and data security.Professionals may also resist using AI because of perceptions that emerging technologies may not be able to build therapeutic bon

181、ds and provide humanistic care.119 What is the impact:The slow adoption rate of digital health solutions exacerbates geographical disparities in care access as individuals residing in remote areas who may be tech-savvy face ongoing logistical barriers,such as long travel times.Without health system

182、digitalization,fragmented care may persist as mental health treatment and rehabilitative services often require coordination among multiple providers.This increases the likelihood of missed appointments or treatment discontinuation.Disparities in digital savviness within the healthcare workforce cou

183、ld hinder the efficiency of care delivery.Staff who have difficulty updating electronic medical records may make errors when entering or retrieving patient records which delay care and cause adverse patient outcomes.Evidence and examples:Japan:As of April 2021,15.2 percent of all medical institution

184、s were reported to provide telephone or online consultations,120 but the adoption of online consultations in psychiatry was lower compared to other medical specialties.A 2023 survey found that the implementation rate of online consultations in psychiatric clinics was about 13.7 percent.121 Chinese m

185、ainland:According to stakeholder interviews with psychiatrists,digital therapy products used for diagnosing and treating mental health conditions are still in the early stages of development.The National Medical Products Administration is establishing criteria to assess product effectiveness and saf

186、ety before granting approval.Self-service digital products,including wearables,VR/AR technologies and AI companion robots are not yet widely adopted in clinical practice.122 27 The hidden cost:Unveiling the economic and social burden of mental health in Asia Pacific 2025 Copyright owned by one or mo

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188、ities provide no services to clients.All rights reserved.26 C.1 Reduce operational complexity and improve efficiency in care delivery by integrating online and offline community-based care models Evidence and examples:Australia:The MindSpot Clinic,a government-led initiative,provides individuals wit

189、h a range of digital health services,such as online psychological assessment of an individuals mental health,teletherapy and evidence-based,clinically guided courses to help individuals with depression to manage their symptoms.Patients can access mental healthcare professionals through a helpline.12

190、3 Chinese mainland:The Internet Plus Care(IPC)services send registered nurses on in-home visits to provide care for mental health patients with mobility impairments after being discharged from the hospital.Services are delivered through a combination of online and offline methods,facilitated by a di

191、gital platform.Launched in 2019,IPC services are currently being piloted across various provinces and municipalities.124 United Kingdom:The Home Treatment Model offers an alternative step-down option from psychiatric hospitals that reduces hospital stays by facilitating early discharge and minimizin

192、g re-admission.A multidisciplinary team,comprising psychiatrists,nurses,social workers and therapists,provides in-home support,such as home visits and access to a night practitioner for telephony service.125 126 Japan:Community mental health centers in Japan offer mental health recovery and rehabili

193、tation services in local communities through the provision of outpatient care and support services to prevent hospitalization.This includes providing psychiatric home visits,assertive community treatment and comprehensive in-home support to help individuals with severe mental health conditions lead

194、independent lives within their communities.127 Chinese mainland:In Beijing,a growing number of individuals with severe mental health conditions are receiving treatment in the community,where free LAIs are available.A study revealed that 80 percent of community psychiatric management physicians were

195、inclined to prioritize recommending LAIs,with greater willingness observed among those working in areas with free LAI policies.128 C.2 Explore integrative care models to provide holistic prevention and care that cuts across mental and physical health Why is it important:There are several cases in wh

196、ich patients remain in hospitals despite being medically fit for discharge,thus contributing to hospital overcrowding.Community-based care models offer a solution by moving care services away from institutional or hospital settings towards community ones,such as home-based care,primary care-centric

197、integrated care and community mental health centers,among others.What is it:Integrating offline community-based care models with online services such as telehealth,online peer support platforms,mobile applications and virtual support groups makes care more convenient,flexible and accessible to patie

198、nts and carers.This hybrid model is breaking down geographical barriers,particularly in remote and underserved areas,while also facilitating more seamless care delivery as patients transition from hospital back into their communities.Patients benefit from more care continuity,which is important for

199、those who are medically fit enough to stay in their communities but still require temporary hospital visits.How to address:The design and implementation of online and offline community-based care models require whole-of-ecosystem collaboration between policymakers and primary and tertiary care provi

200、ders.Building an online model of care should include an evaluation of the digital literacy level and existing infrastructure(such as internet connectivity,mobile device coverage)of each APAC market.It also requires fostering partnerships between government,mental healthcare professionals and technol

201、ogy providers to build a fit-for-purpose digital health platform that can support digital therapeutics and telemedicine.Additionally,digital and treatment innovation in mental health,such as symptom management and monitoring of medication adherence,should be integrated across the entire care continu

202、um,from prevention,diagnosis and treatment through to monitoring,to support the transition to community-based care and reduce the risk of re-hospitalization.Why is it important:An integrative care model plays a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of mental health conditions by recognizing t

203、he interconnectedness of mental health,physical health and social well-being.This model ensures a seamless patient experience across the entire care continuum,facilitating early prevention and continuous monitoring.Furthermore,addressing physical and mental health as a collective normalizes discussi

204、ons about mental health,therebye reducing the cultural stigma around it.What is it:An integrative care model offers a holistic approach to mental healthcare,tailored to the individuals needs and preferences.It ensures effective care coordination through collaboration among multiple providers across

205、the healthcare continuum,including psychiatrists,social workers,psychologists and general practitioners.This model emphasizes prevention and the early detection of mental health conditions,as well as continuous monitoring for long-term mental health maintenance and well-being.How to address:Assemble

206、 multidisciplinary teams consisting of healthcare professionals from primary care,secondary care and social services.These teams can provide holistic care that addresses individuals physical,emotional,social and spiritual well-being.To enhance the effectiveness of this integrative model,consider fac

207、tors such as funding structures,cross-training of team members,integration of physical and mental health records into a unified electronic database and the adoption of case management practices.Evidence and examples:Singapore:Singapore adopts an integrated healthcare model that combines primary and

208、secondary care and social services to enable care continuity.General practitioners(GPs)who are part of the Mental Health GP Partnership Program can manage walk-in cases,provide treatment and refer severe cases to partner hospitals.GPs are also supported by the Community Intervention Team,which provi

209、des services to complement GPs pharmacological treatments and social services to patients.129 United Kingdom:NHS Talking Therapies,funded by the NHS,utilizes evidence-based interventions endorsed by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence to treat common mental health conditions.130 It

210、 follows a stepped care model,assessing individuals and directing them to appropriate care based on the severity of their condition.131 Health system design considerations 29 The hidden cost:Unveiling the economic and social burden of mental health in Asia Pacific 2025 Copyright owned by one or more

211、 of the KPMG International entities.KPMG International entities provide no services to clients.All rights reserved.The hidden cost:Unveiling the economic and social burden of mental health in Asia Pacific 2025 Copyright owned by one or more of the KPMG International entities.KPMG International entit

212、ies provide no services to clients.All rights reserved.28 Why is it important:A digital health platform that can integrate applications and digital products and allows seamless data exchange.These digital tools can help coordinate clinical care and supplementary social services,improving communicati

213、on between patients and providers and simplifying administrative tasks such as appointment scheduling,medication management and treatment plan adherence tracking to free up physicians time to focus more on patient care.What is it:A digital health platform that allows existing and emerging applicatio

214、ns and digital tools to be plugged into the same ecosystem.The platform can coordinate care for individuals and facilitate communication between health providers to enable seamless service delivery across the care continuum.How to address:The development of a digital health platform requires industr

215、y consultation with patients,technology companies,healthcare providers,mental health organizations and community groups to understand their needs and challenges with the existing products,such as the lack of data interoperability.When developing a central digital platform,systems can consider(but ar

216、e not limited to)the following factors:The mental health service needs of the local communities.Formation of local partnerships with local healthcare providers and mental health organizations to design culturally tailored services to meet the identified mental health needs.Integration of existing he

217、alth systems(e.g.EHR)to the new digital health platform and ensuring healthcare providers and patients can access their medical history.Inclusion of mental health tools(e.g.telemedicine,evidence-based mental health screening assessment tool,medication management)and resources(e.g.wellness content,in

218、formation on 24/7 helplines and crisis support,information on peer support networks).Data privacy and security safeguards for personal,sensitive health data.(e.g.following HIPAA and GDPR compliance standards,use of end-to-end encryption of secure messaging).The platforms development could also benef

219、it from public-private partnerships with technology companies in order to tap into their expertise,however,public agencies should retain ownership and management of the platform and its data to safeguard personal privacy.Additionally,effective organizational change management and the upskilling of h

220、ealthcare professionals,patients and caregivers on how to use the digital platform are essential for ensuring successful adoption.C.3 Design a digital health platform that can integrate digital products and services to better coordinate care for patients and caregivers across the care continuum Evid

221、ence and examples:Singapore:The Digital Mental Health Connect(DHMC)platform is being developed by the government to facilitate seamless referrals between clinicians and counselors across health and social care settings.The platform enables individuals to receive services according to their needs,pre

222、ferences and risk levels.The government also collaborates with key partners to integrate the DHMC platform with existing social and health case management systems.132 Taiwan:Established in 2018,Taiwans Mental Care Information Management System is set to be rebuilt and enhanced as part of the 2025203

223、0 National Resilience Plan.This plan aims to strengthen community psychiatric case management and improve cross-network data integration.133 D.Education and workforce strengthening Keeping healthcare professionals up to date with industry practices and evidence-based treatments is essential to deliv

224、ering quality care,making it important to provide access to formal education and ongoing training.Doing so is especially key amid an observed shortage in the mental health workforce and incidences of misdiagnosis due to insufficient formalized training.Education and workforce strengthening barriers

225、Shortage of mental healthcare professionals What is it:Across many APAC markets,there is a shortage of mental healthcare professionals stemming from rising demand for mental health services coupled with a limited talent supply due to staff burnout and lower-than-expected salaries.134 What is the imp

226、act:As a result,mental health patients are forced to grapple with limited access to care options,long wait times and insufficient treatment.These resource constraints can worsen mental health conditions,given that timely intervention and ongoing support are essential for recovery.Additionally,the st

227、rain on existing professionals may lead to burnout,further diminishing the quality of care and potentially exacerbating staff attrition.Populations in rural or low-income areas may be more impacted as they already face difficulties accessing mental health services.Evidence and examples:Chinese mainl

228、and:In 2021,there were 64,000 psychiatrists,accounting for only 1.49 percent of physicians in the market.135 This may be attributed to the fact that less than 1 percent of Chinese mainlands medical students chose to become psychiatrists and practice in Chinese mainland,compared to around 5 percent o

229、r more of medical students choosing to become psychiatrists post-graduation in other developed markets such as the United States.136 137 South Korea:There are only nine mental healthcare professionals per 100,000 people,which is significantly lower than the OECD average of 17.5 per 100,000 people.13

230、8 31 The hidden cost:Unveiling the economic and social burden of mental health in Asia Pacific 2025 Copyright owned by one or more of the KPMG International entities.KPMG International entities provide no services to clients.All rights reserved.The hidden cost:Unveiling the economic and social burde

231、n of mental health in Asia Pacific 2025 Copyright owned by one or more of the KPMG International entities.KPMG International entities provide no services to clients.All rights reserved.30 Limited ongoing training and development opportunities for mental healthcare professionals to stay updated on th

232、e latest innovations What is it:Innovations such as new treatments,digital mental health products and telepsychiatry services have emerged in recent years.These have the potential to significantly enhance outcomes by improving patient adherence and compliance,reducing side effects or expanding acces

233、s to care.Integrating digital and treatment innovations such as digital health,digital therapeutics,medical devices and pharmaceuticals across the care continuum from prevention,diagnosis and treatment through to monitoring can help reduce re-hospitalization.Despite these well-understood positives,m

234、ental healthcare professionals may not have received sufficient training to adopt them in clinical practice.There may be several reasons for this,including a limited focus on in medical school curricula,or low exposure to related techniques or safety protocol(e.g.digital psychiatry and remote consul

235、tation techniques).What is the impact:As a result,there is a significant lack of both theoretical and practical knowledge,hindering the adoption of treatment innovations.139 The slow adoption of these innovations may inhibit progress in the field,thus delaying improvements in patient outcomes and th

236、e broader healthcare landscape.140 Evidence and examples:Chinese mainland:While psychiatric nurses receive extensive training,“psychiatric new technology and new business”is one of the three least taught topics despite higher demand for this domain.141 Japan:A study found that 92.3 percent of Japane

237、se respondents reported a lack of telepsychiatry theoretical training.142 Taiwan:A study on barriers faced by psychiatric nurses in administering LAI highlighted the need for improved clinical training and experience.Research finds that,currently,nurses in Taiwan lack confidence and proper training

238、in using the ventrogluteal injection site or intramuscular injections,preferred techniques for LAI administration.This skill gap was due to limited hands-on clinical practice opportunities,despite nurses having theoretical knowledge.143 Education and workforce strengthening considerations D.1 Design

239、 and implement wellness programs that improve the well-being of mental healthcare professionals Why is it important:Mental healthcare professionals are particularly vulnerable to mental health challenges as they face high stress,job dissatisfaction and burnout.144 A survey revealed that 42 percent o

240、f mental healthcare professionals reported significant burnout,with many reluctant to seek treatment for their own mental health issues.Furthermore,mental healthcare professionals are reluctant to admit mental health conditions due to the associated stigma,shame and fear of professional repercussion

241、s,such as having their condition documented on a permanent record.145 Evidence and examples:Australia:Doctors and medical students have access to free,confidential mental health services through the Drs4Drs Support Service,established by Doctors Health Services.This service provides up to three free

242、 confidential telehealth counseling sessions with mental healthcare professionals.146 The Royal Melbourne Hospital has a multidisciplinary workforce well-being team that delivers well-being skills sessions and provides an employee assistance program that offers free,confidential short-term counselin

243、g services 24/7.147 Japan:The Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology(JSPN)organizes study groups and educational sessions to support lifelong learning for young physicians.The JSPN provides educational initiatives in highly demanded,specialized fields with limited experts,offering training in

244、areas such as child psychiatry,forensic psychiatry and the appropriate use of physical treatments like rTMS and ECT.148 Singapore:The Academy of Medicine in Singapore offers education and training programs for psychiatrists,delivered either in-person or through an online portal for flexible access.T

245、hese courses include training on advancements in mental health,treatment techniques and even clinical case discussions and peer learning.149 Europe:The European Psychiatric Association has a dedicated committee for digital psychiatry,which includes a strategy focused on educating and training mental

246、 healthcare professionals in this area.In partnership with the Early Career Psychiatrists Committee,it organized a talk on“Telepsychiatry and Digital Psychiatry Tools:How to Apply Them in Clinical Practice”.During the event,participants had the opportunity to ask questions about the impact of digita

247、l psychiatry on the daily work of mental healthcare professionals and the evolution of digital mental healthcare.150 United States:Palo Alto University offers a Digital Mental Health Certificate program with a curriculum that covers ways to select,implement and integrate appropriate digital tools in

248、to practice,conduct virtual interventions and assess risk remotely.151 The American Psychiatric Association has a dedicated page on key considerations for mental healthcare professionals when engaging with digital health solutions.152 What is it:To mitigate the impacts of these,workforce development

249、 programs should contain strategies,activities and resources that are designed to enhance the skills,knowledge and overall well-being of mental healthcare professionals.These programs should integrate professional growth with personal support,enabling healthcare professionals to develop more holisti

250、cally.How to address:Organizations can invest in wellness programs that support the mental,physical and spiritual well-being of the medical workforce.Wellness programs can focus on providing evidence-based practices,advanced therapeutic techniques and emerging services like digital psychiatry.These

251、programs can be offered through workshops and specialized courses to support continuous professional development.Wellness initiatives may even include time management strategies to help healthcare professionals balance personal well-being,clinical duties and administrative tasks(such as by using dig

252、ital tools to automate administrative work).Workplaces can also create platforms for peer support networks and offer access to confidential counseling services to promote mental well-being and foster a healthy work environment.33 The hidden cost:Unveiling the economic and social burden of mental hea

253、lth in Asia Pacific 2025 Copyright owned by one or more of the KPMG International entities.KPMG International entities provide no services to clients.All rights reserved.The hidden cost:Unveiling the economic and social burden of mental health in Asia Pacific 2025 Copyright owned by one or more of t

254、he KPMG International entities.KPMG International entities provide no services to clients.All rights reserved.32 D.2 Design a future workforce strategy to increase the mental health talent supply and diversify community-based roles D.3 Support workforce upskilling in emerging technologies and incorp

255、orate medical product innovations to provide care How to address:A future mental health workforce strategy that could sustainably deliver treatment and care that suit the needs of APAC populations should consider:153 Defining the priorities of future workforce talent attraction:Priorities should be

256、aligned to specific markets.Example priorities could include promoting mental healthcare as a rewarding career choice;improving training pathways and access to ongoing industry mentorship;and building capabilities and capacity to meet evolving population needs.Mental health workforce distribution an

257、d connection to enable care coordination:Focus on building multi-disciplinary teams that include not just mental healthcare professionals but also those from the broader health and social services sector,in order to coordinate care.Monitor and manage the fair distribution of mental healthcare profes

258、sionals practicing in the private and public sectors and in metropolitan and rural,remote areas.Develop guidelines on future workforce planning and management of evolving demand and supply of services.Ongoing support and workforce retention:Develop and implement strategies to prevent staff burnout a

259、nd initiatives that create healthy workplaces and culture.Explore and introduce innovative funding models that support staff retention.Why is it important:While demand for mental healthcare is increasing across APAC,a shortage of mental healthcare professionals remains.Implementing an effective,futu

260、re workforce strategy can improve talent retention,attract new professionals and expand the capacity for care in rural and underserved areas,thus enabling access to the right care at the right time.Why is it important:Upskilling the mental health workforce will be key to enabling physicians to stay

261、current with the latest advancements in medications and treatments and ensuring they can provide effective and safe care to their patients.Training also helps staff effectively use digital solutions while safeguarding patient privacy,such as understanding data-sharing and safety protocols.Implementi

262、ng change management and training strategies can also help reduce resistance to the adoption of new technologies in clinical settings.What is it:An effective future workforce strategy should include the following elements:Talent retention:Create staff wellness programs(e.g.resilience training),caree

263、r development initiatives(e.g.continuous professional development pathways,clear progression pathways)and attractive compensation and benefits to incentivize talent to practice in underserved,remote areas.Recognition of overseas trained professionals:Recognizing overseas qualifications enables inter

264、national talent to practice in APAC.This can also include offering work visas with a guaranteed minimum duration,options for contract renewal and sponsorship by healthcare organizations.Ongoing professional development:Professional development programs help mental healthcare professionals stay curre

265、nt with the latest evidence-based practices and industry trends,including advancements in digital mental health.Allied health professionals can also obtain the required knowledge and skills through micro-credentials in mental health.What is it:Digital technologies are increasingly being integrated i

266、nto clinical operations owing to their ability to enhance operational efficiency by automating repetitive and labor-intensive tasks,allowing staff to focus more on patient care.These include:157 Automation technologies:Technologies like Natural Language Processing(NLP)and Machine Learning(ML)can aut

267、omate or semi-automate screening,diagnosis,treatment recommendations and psychosocial therapy.For example,platforms using NLP and ML can provide chatbot-based screenings.Digital surveys can collect and analyze data before,during and after treatment sessions.Clinical support technologies:Machine Lear

268、ning(ML)algorithms can analyze and integrate insights from various sources,such as research papers and electronic mental health records,for predictive modeling.AI-powered chatbots can leverage deep learning to triage patients to the right type of care.158 159 Support mental healthcare professionals

269、in staying current with the latest medications and treatment advancements through global and APAC regional conferences and training opportunities.Evidence and examples:Australia:The National Mental Health Workforce Strategy 20222032 provides guidance on developing a skilled,well-distributed and supp

270、orted workforce to deliver treatment and care that meets the needs of Australians.The Strategy outlines the principles of practice and focuses on four strategic pillars of action aimed at building a coordinated mental health workforce.154 United Kingdom:The National Health Service(NHS)recruits nurse

271、s internationally.The Nursing International Recruitment Programme assists NHS organizations in creating effective recruitment plans,such as the Global Learners Programme which helps overseas nurses in their transition to work in the United Kingdom.Additionally,the NHS organization provides guidance

272、and training to prepare nurses for the Objective Structured Clinical Examination(OSCE),as well as coverage for sponsorship,visas,OSCE exam fees and accommodation during their preparation period.155 156 How to address:New technology adoption often involves organizational change,considerations include

273、:160 Establish a governance committee to oversee the risk assessment of new innovations,identify opportunities for innovation implementation and manage and govern technology implementation.Define clear frameworks and policies for data governance,privacy and security for new digital product adoption.

274、Well-defined data policies are crucial for governing data ownership and establishing protocols for the collection,storage and handling of personal health data(e.g.data anonymization).The data collected should be standardized to ensure interoperability across various platforms within the healthcare e

275、cosystem.161 The General Data Protection Regulation in the EU and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act in the United States offer models for consideration.Establish a commercial excellence committee to oversee the financing,commercial viability and sustainability of emerging techn

276、ology adoption,including reimbursement pathways and return on investment for the adoption of emerging digital technologies.Establish a digital product development team.Digital products need collaboration among clinicians,payors and technology developers to ensure they are user-friendly,seamlessly in

277、tegrated into the existing digital ecosystem and product portfolio and can provide both clinical and operational benefits.Train and upskill the mental healthcare workforce on how to use new technologies and help them understand the limitations and risks in clinical application.Digital innovation can

278、 be integrated into medical school curricula,pairing theoretical learning with opportunities to apply these technologies in clinical settings during hospital placements.Mental healthcare professionals can also be kept abreast of the latest medications and treatment advancements through global and AP

279、AC regional conferences and training opportunities.35 The hidden cost:Unveiling the economic and social burden of mental health in Asia Pacific 2025 Copyright owned by one or more of the KPMG International entities.KPMG International entities provide no services to clients.All rights reserved.The hi

280、dden cost:Unveiling the economic and social burden of mental health in Asia Pacific 2025 Copyright owned by one or more of the KPMG International entities.KPMG International entities provide no services to clients.All rights reserved.34 Observed challenges in implementingmental health policies due t

281、oinsufficient public consultation withkey stakeholder groups.Limited mechanisms for quantifying,monitoring and evaluating theeffectiveness and impact of mentalhealth plans and initiatives.E.1 Improve awareness campaign effectivenessto de-stigmatize mental health by using variedchannels to disseminat

282、e messages.E.2 Adopt a life-course approach to mental healtheducation.F.1 Assemble an inter-agency,regionalconsortium that includes representatives fromdifferent sectors and government agencies toadvise mental health policy development and caresystem design.G.1 Establish a national mental health tas

283、k forceto oversee and manage mental health policydevelopment.G.2 Develop policies that incentivize employers toprovide support services and wellness programsfor all employees.For too long mental health has been the silent and stigmatised killer in Asia Pacific;with mental,neurological,and substance

284、use disorders and self-harm(MNSS)accounting for a quarter of non-fatal disease burden in Asia Pacific(OECD 2021).As we jump on the hype cycle of AI in Healthcare,there is an unprecedented opportunity to wipeout past preconceptions and ride into an era of intelligent mental healthcare that is digital

285、ly-enabled,person-centric and equitable.Its time to make the invisible,visible.”Anastasia Miros Director Healthcare and Life Sciences,KPMG Asia Pacific 37The hidden cost:Unveiling the economic and social burden of mental health in Asia Pacific 2025 Copyright owned by one or more of the KPMG Internat

286、ional entities.KPMG International entities provide no services to clients.All rights reserved.The hidden cost:Unveiling the economic and social burden of mental health in Asia Pacific 2025 Copyright owned by one or more of the KPMG International entities.KPMG International entities provide no servic

287、es to clients.All rights reserved.Evidence and examples:AI-powered chatbot in the United Kingdom:Limbic is an AI-driven clinical assessment chatbot used in over 25percent of NHS Talking Therapies programs.It connects patients to NHS psychological therapies by streamliningreferrals,collecting data an

288、d identifying high-risk cases with deep learning technology.Studies show the chatbothas decreased assessment time by 23.5 percent,saving 12.7 minutes per referral.162 Digital health innovation and data strategy in Australia:A study conducted by Orygen,a non-profit focused onyouth mental health,revea

289、led that 40 percent of surveyed mental healthcare professionals use AI in their practice,primarily for streamlining administrative tasks like note-taking,report writing and research.Over 90 percent ofthese professionals found AI to be beneficial,though there are reports of encountering risks or harm

290、s associatedwith AI,including concerns about data privacy,ethical use and potential misdiagnoses.163 Australias NationalDigital Health Strategy provides guidance on ensuring data availability to support clinical decision-making and toenable a digitally connected health system.164 Product innovation

291、in the United States:The University of Connecticut conducted a live,web-based workshopon LAIs as part of a continuing medical education course for pharmacists.The program offered eight hours ofContinuing Pharmacy Education,as well as three hours of hands-on LAI training.165 World Congress of Psychia

292、try:Organized by the World Psychiatric Association,this event provides a platformfor a diverse range of professionals including mental healthcare professionals,researchers and device makers tocollaborate,share and discuss scientific and technological advancements in mental healthcare.166 Mental heal

293、th policy development in Asia Pacific Well-developed policies can enhance mental health outcomes by focusing on prevention,early intervention and treatment,enabling health systems to adapt to the changing health needs of the population and tackle challenges on a large scale to improve regional outco

294、mes.Effective policies can also address underlying social issues such as homelessness,substance abuse,crime and domestic violence,key determinants of health.However,the strong development of mental health policies necessitates collaboration across the entire healthcare ecosystem,with input from poli

295、cymakers,physicians,patient representatives and healthcare providers.The key barriers and considerations discussed in this section highlight the importance of future policy-shaping activities that can tackle macro challenges in resource and talent constraints and the slower-than-expected pace of men

296、tal healthcare innovation.Table 8 below outlines the barriers and considerations to be explored in this chapter.Table 8.Overview of barriers and considerations for mental health policy development in APACBarriers ConsiderationsGovernment-ledG.initiatives and policies36 AwarenessEngrained cultural an

297、d social buildingstigma surrounding the topic of mental health.E.Ecosystem.FcollaborationN/A no deep-dive into barriers in this section E.Awareness building Raising awareness about mental health and enhancing health literacy is key to reducing lingering stigma surrounding mental health,which hinders

298、 early detection and intervention.Greater awareness can translate into more public support and government funding for prevention programs,care delivery and research.Awareness building barriers Awareness building considerations Engrained cultural and social stigma surrounding the topic of mental heal

299、th E.1 Improve awareness campaign effectiveness to de-stigmatize mental health What is it:In communities across APAC,stigma around mental health conditions persists,stemming from beliefs that they signify personal weakness,failure or moral shortcomings.Within collectivist cultures,mental health cond

300、itions are sometimes viewed as a source of shame that can damage a familys reputation,resulting in misunderstandings and perpetuating stigma across generations.What is the impact:Due to cultural and social stigma,many individuals may avoid seeking help and choose to suffer in silence,ultimately lead

301、ing to delayed treatment.Individuals with mental health conditions may also find themselves socially excluded by families,friends and communities and face discrimination when trying to access to education and employment opportunities.Engrained stigma also hinders mental health policy development as

302、policymakers may be reluctant to discuss the topic,resulting in limited funding allocation to mental health.Evidence and examples:South Korea:A 2024 Korean National Mental Health Survey revealed that 64.6 percent of respondents felt that individuals with mental health conditions were perceived to be

303、 more dangerous than neurotypical individuals.167 Taiwan:Approximately 2 million people have depression,but less than 30 percent seek medical treatment due to limited awareness of their conditions and cultural prejudices surrounding mental health.168 Evidence and examples:“Beyond the Label”campaign

304、in Singapore:The campaign included multiple initiatives to normalize mental health.For instance,individuals with lived experiences shared their personal stories through videos,while targeted outreach in schools provided students with information on emotional management and seeking support.171 The ca

305、mpaign successfully reached a wider audience from different age groups and social backgrounds,leading to a reported 31 percent increase in awareness of mental health conditions among participants.172 “Lets Face It Together”campaign in South Korea:The national“Lets Face It Together”campaign,facilitat

306、ed by MOHW,aims to reduce stigma and enhance mental health awareness nationwide.173 United Kingdom:A study conducted in United Kingdom secondary schools found that educational campaigns can reduce stigma.After engaging with video presentations and individuals with personal experience of mental healt

307、h conditions,students exhibited less fear and avoidance and they began to view individuals with mental health conditions in a more holistic way.174 Why is it important:Mental health awareness campaigns are not just about providing access to education and resources they are crucial in transforming lo

308、ng-held cultural attitudes towards mental health.By normalizing discussions on mental health,effective campaigns can lead to improved health outcomes,as individuals become more open to seeking early intervention upon recognizing early symptoms.How to address:Actions that can improve the effectivenes

309、s of mental health awareness campaigns include:Customizing campaigns to reach specific audiences(e.g.under-represented communities,youth,families,employers and Indigenous populations)by adapting the messaging to account for cultural and language nuances,as well as social and age-related factors thro

310、ugh a range of media platforms(e.g.social media,television,radio and community outreach).Partnering with KOLs,PAG representatives,mental healthcare professionals,healthcare providers,people with lived experiences,caregivers,employers,insurers and community leaders to ensure accurate messaging in cam

311、paigns,while also providing access to relevant resources.Defining campaign success measures(e.g.surveys to gauge changing attitudes towards mental health discussions,evidence on early intervention).Facilitating direct engagement with individuals with lived experiences,through face-to-face interactio

312、ns or personal storytelling through a video.169 Providing up-to-date and accurate information about mental health to reduce misconceptions.170 Mental health awareness and education should extend beyond classroom walls and work settings;it should be integrated in everyday conversations to make this t

313、opic less of a taboo subject.Then individuals in need of support can get help without the fear of judgment.”Guillaume Sachet Partner KPMG in Singapore 39 The hidden cost:Unveiling the economic and social burden of mental health in Asia Pacific 2025 Copyright owned by one or more of the KPMG Internat

314、ional entities.KPMG International entities provide no services to clients.All rights reserved.The hidden cost:Unveiling the economic and social burden of mental health in Asia Pacific 2025 Copyright owned by one or more of the KPMG International entities.KPMG International entities provide no servic

315、es to clients.All rights reserved.38 E.2 Adopt a life-course approach to mental health education How to address:Early education for children:Normalize open conversations about mental health and provide them with the tools and strategies to manage emotions and recognize when to seek help.Embed mental

316、 health as a topic in primary and secondary school curricula in the form of formal lessons or interactive activities on mental health topics such as stress management and emotional regulation.Workplace policies and support for mental wellness:Deliver workshops and webinars on mental health topics su

317、ch as stress management techniques,psychosocial interventions and available mental health support within the company.Deliver classroom training for management teams on how to recognize and address emotional distress in teams and create a supportive work environment.175 Support for the elderly:Campai

318、gns and mental health education can engage the elderly by utilizing outreach teams for home visits or calls and organizing workshops in local community settings.Awareness campaigns:World Mental Health Day,for example,is a dedicated annual occasion that can be impactful in advocating the importance o

319、f mental health.Government agencies can establish media guidelines around the development and dissemination of culturally appropriate information about mental health.Education on integrating mental health as part of the standard of care:Raise awareness and offer support for mental health within phys

320、ical health campaigns,as physical illnesses like cancer often come with mental health comorbidities.176 Why is it important:A life-course approach to mental health education involves tailoring mental health messaging and identifying effective channels to reach different audiences at a particular lif

321、e stage.While most people experience stress and anxiety at some point in their lives,these experiences will change over time.A life-course approach to mental health education is crucial for helping individuals understand and manage emotions in healthy ways at every stage of life.What is it:A life-co

322、urse approach to mental health education involves tailoring mental health messaging and identifying effective channels to reach different audiences at a particular life stage(e.g.integrate mental health in school curricula,mental health campaigns and support at the workplace to support staff mental

323、wellness).Evidence and examples:Singapore:Silver Generation Ambassadors engage seniors including those who are socially isolated,through home visits and phone calls.The Health Promotion Board also organizes community workshops focused on mental well-being,offering tips for staying mentally healthy a

324、nd resources for seeking help.177 Chinese mainland:Chinese mainlands action plan on mental health will make the topic mandatory in primary,secondary and tertiary curricula,while also strongly encouraging its inclusion in vocational schools.178 Hong Kong SAR:The Mental Health Workplace Charter incent

325、ivizes workplaces to deliver mental health-related activities,such as talks or workshops on mental health to promote positive thinking and stress management techniques.179 “Talk to Someone:Anxiety and Distress”simulation in the United States:Funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,t

326、his simulation provides mental healthcare education for cancer survivors.It addresses common stresses and concerns that cancer patients face and provides access to support resources180.F.Ecosystem collaboration Whole-of-ecosystem collaboration between healthcare providers,payers and policymakers,amo

327、ng others,enables coordinated actions in shaping the development and implementation of mental health policies and strategies,as well as knowledge sharing(of the latest research progress,digital and treatment innovation and industry practices)and the standardization of care within APAC.Ecosystem coll

328、aboration considerations F.1 Assemble an inter-agency,regional consortium that includes representatives from different sectors and government agencies to advise mental health policy development and care system design Evidence and examples:Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC):The APEC Digital Hub

329、for Mental Health brings governments(mostly ministries of health)and the private sector to collaborate on sharing,developing,scaling and evaluating innovative programs based on evidence and best practices.181 The consortiums membership extends beyond APAC to include Canada,Chile and Mexico,with the

330、host institution located in Canada.182 The organization has published papers across its seven focus areas,which include workplace wellness,primary care integration and community settings.183 Mental Health Europe:An independent,non-governmental network organization in Europe that protects the rights

331、of individuals with psychosocial disabilities,promotes positive mental health,prevents mental distress and enhances mental healthcare and social inclusion.Its initiatives include sharing best practices,collecting data on mental health and related social,economic and environmental factors and providi

332、ng evidence-based recommendations for policy development.184 Why is it important:A regional,inter-agency consortium,comprising representatives from healthcare providers,government agencies,patients,caregivers,industry and payors(e.g.private insurers),can play a crucial role in shaping the mental hea

333、lth policy and health system design.What is it:The consortium can act as a platform for various stakeholders to speak in a unified voice on mental health for patients,caregivers and healthcare providers across APAC and facilitate collaboration between APAC markets.The consortium can also be a key resource for information gathering on mental health challenges in APAC,co-creating solutions for healt