IEA 應對氣候變化的能源基礎設施.pdf

1、Climate-resilient Energy Infrastructure2022 OECD Infrastructure Forum Jinsun Lim 11 October 2022IEA 2021.All rights reserved.Page 2The IEA contributes to climate resilience of energy systems IEA is actively working on assessing climate impacts and enhancing climate resilience Climate resilience refe

2、rs to the capacity to anticipate,absorb,accommodate and recover from the effects from climate changeWorld Energy Outlook,Electricity Market Report,Hydropower Report,Country Reviews etc.IEA 2021.All rights reserved.Page 3Countries are already exposed to climate hazardThe aggregated level of climate h

3、azard of the IEA member and association countries 01234567IndiaMexicoChinaAustraliaHungaryIndonesiaSouth AfricaThailandUnited StatesBrazilJapanKoreaAustriaCzech RepublicEstoniaGermanyGreeceMoroccoPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSpainSwitzerlandTurkeyBelgiumCanadaDenmarkFinlandFranceItalyNetherlandsNew

4、ZealandSwedenIrelandLuxembourgNorwaySingaporeUnited KingdomHighMedium-highMedium-lowLowTotal climate riskWarmingFloodCycloneDroughtsIEA 2021.All rights reserved.Page 4Countries ranked high in terms of climate hazard are Countries with high or medium-high level of climate hazard are home to over 50%w

5、orld population,accounting for over 50%of worlds total energy supply and final energy consumptionThe share of countries and population by level of overall climate hazard,IEA member and association countries 0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%Total final energy consumptionTotal energy supplyPopulationN

6、umber of countriesHighMedium-highMedium-lowLowIEA 2021.All rights reserved.Page 5Climate change poses an increasing threat to energy security Recent extreme weather events across the globe highlight the energy security risks that climate change brings.The worlds energy systems must be ready to count

7、er the growing climate threatOverview of main potential impacts on the electricity system due to climate changeClimate impactGenerationTransmission and distribution DemandRising global temperaturesEfficiencyCooling efficiencyGeneration potentialNeed for additional generationEfficiencyCooling and hea

8、tingChanging precipitation patternsOutput and potentialPeak and variabilityTechnology applicationPhysical risksCoolingWater supplySea-level riseOutputPhysical risksNew asset developmentPhysical risksNew asset developmentWater supplyExtreme weather eventsPhysical risksEfficiencyPhysical risks Efficie

9、ncyCoolingIEA 2021.All rights reserved.Page 6Energy systems witness increasing pressure from climate change Changing climate patterns put stress on hydropower generation in some regions.Changes in regional mean hydropower capacity factor,2020-2099,relative to 1970-2000,by scenarioSouth and Southeast

10、 AsiaLatin AmericaIEA 2021.All rights reserved.Page 750%100%NuclearRefineriesCopperminesWater stressThermalpower plants57%50%100%TransmissionnetworksDistributionnetworksRefineriesLNG plantsCyclone windsGrowing stress from extreme weather eventsShare of energy infrastructure exposed to high levels of

11、 physical climate risks,2020The increase in the frequency and intensity of natural disasters and extreme weather events highlights the urgent need for action to enhance the resilience of energy systems to climate change50%100%RefineriesThermalpower plantsLNG plantsCoastal flooding57%41%26%23%25%13%9

12、%37%34%14%IEA 2021.All rights reserved.Page 8Measures for climate resilienceEffective policy measures and co-ordinated action among key actors can build up climate resilience.Sequential application of measures for climate resilience 3.IdentifyIEA 2021.All rights reserved.Page 9Potential collaboratio

13、n in the coming years IEA plans to expand its work on climate impacts and resilience of energy systems In 2023-2024,focus areas will be:-General:Improving the resilience of energy systems against disasters and climate change-Region-specific:Climate resilience policy indicator for North Africa and th

14、e Middle East-Technology-specific:Climate resilience of electricity networks:focus on interconnections-Topic-specific:Investment needs for climate-resilient energy systems Raise awareness of climate impacts on energy systems Multilateral discussions on climate resilience in the energy sector-IEA Consultation Group on Climate Resilience for Energy SecurityPage 10Thank you