經濟案例研究：新西蘭的電動汽車政策框架.pdf

1、Copyright 2022 APEC SecretariatEconomy Case Study:New Zealands EV Policy FrameworkMr Sigurd MagnussonSenior Policy Advisor,Ministry of Transport,New Zealand.Automotive Dialogue 36 Joint Session Joint Session:A Sustainable Transport System for the APEC Region-What Policies Are Needed?13 September 202

2、2Copyright 2022 APEC SecretariatCurrent global policy framework will only get us half-way to our goals:Global:Acceleration needed to achieve 1.5C&2050 net-zero carbonAll vehicle segments need support,especially vans and trucks:Source:BloombergNEF https:/bnef.turtl.co/story/evo-2022=Economic Transiti

3、on Scenario(no new policy)=Net Zero Scenario(requires policy to reach net zero by 2050)TrucksCopyright 2022 APEC SecretariatNew Zealand example economy-wide policy41%by 2030Reduction to net CO2emissions is our Nationally Determined Contribution under Paris Agreement(2005 base year).Domestic Climate

4、Change Legislation:International Commitments:Emission Trading Scheme(US$50 per tonne CO2)Net Zero CO2by 20505-yearly Carbon BudgetsEmission Reduction PlanClimate Change CommissionCopyright 2022 APEC SecretariatNew Zealand example transport decarbonisation framework2035 Domestic Targets:Also importan

5、t:Renewable ElectricityVKT reduction(-20%)More buses,trains,cycling,walkingZEVs 30%of whole light fleet1.5 million ZEVs needed by 2035Freight decarbonisation(-35%)Fuel decarbonisation(-10%)Supporting international all zero-emission-vehicle-sales pledges:Light vehicles:2035-2040Heavy vehicles:2040Dom

6、estic Legislation:Light vehicle CO2regulations,incentivesHarmful emission standards(updating)New public buses zero emission(2025)Battery recycling(coming)Biofuels sales obligation(coming)Heavy vehicle CO2policies(assessing)Modern slavery legislation(assessing)84%renewable todayTarget for close to 10

7、0%by end of decadeCopyright 2022 APEC SecretariatLight vehicle CO2standards;New Zealand to switch rank.Canada 2025:103.8EU 2035:0Japan 2030:92.0China 2025:103.6Korea 2030:66.6IndiNew Zealand 2027:63.3 US 2026:82.702040608010012014016018020022020002005201020152020202520302035Grams CO2per kilometer,no

8、rmalized to 3-phase WLTPPassenger Car CO2targetshistorical performanceenacted targets proposed targets or targets under studyCanada 2025:147.2EU 2035:0Japan 2022:151China 2020:189.3New Zealand 2027:87.2 Korea 2030:152.9 US 2026:1240408012016020024028032020002005201020152020202520302035Grams CO2per k

9、ilometer,normalized to 3-phase WLTPLight Commercial Vehicle CO2targetshistorical performanceenacted targets proposed targets or targets under studyNew Zealand to move from a rear to a front position 2023-2027.Western/Northern Europe are much ahead of whats depicted.We do not manufacture vehicles so

10、are reliant on imports.https:/www.transport.govt.nz/clean-car/Copyright 2022 APEC SecretariatLight vehicle consumer financial incentives/disincentivesEV rebates commencedJuly 2021.Full scheme commencedApril 2022 Many major car markets have EV incentive or similar schemes.Ours inspired by Sweden,Fran

11、ce,Singapore.Fees pay for rebates,making policy durable,and discourage high emission purchases.https:/www.transport.govt.nz/clean-car/Copyright 2022 APEC SecretariatMandatory on-vehicle and online sales label requirement(2022)Petrol&diesel vehicles now display lower star ratings&higher annual fuel c

12、osts,reflecting market and policy changes.Copyright 2022 APEC SecretariatLowering our harmful emissions is also important 1 in 10 deaths in New Zealand are associated with motor vehicle pollution Contributes to childhood asthma Diesel vehicles are responsible for over 80%of this motor vehicle pollut

13、ion harm,largely due to NOx.Latest Euro 6d and Euro VI step D standards materially better than the original Euro 6/VI.A key reason for zero emission transition.https:/www.transport.govt.nz/vehicle-emissions/Copyright 2022 APEC SecretariatEV passenger car sales:from 3%in 2020 to almost 30%last month.

14、August 2022:29%(new record)Top selling passenger new cars,August 2022:1.Tesla Model 3(Electric)2.Tesla Model Y(Electric)3.Mitsubishi Outlander(Petrol)4.BYD Atto 3(Electric)5.KIA EV6(Electric)2022 YTD:17%Our Challenges:Significant number of diesel commercial vehicle sales due to lack of hybrid and ze

15、ro emission choices.EV and hybrid manufacturing levels are not keeping up with our demand;we are reliant on other economies here.https:/www.transport.govt.nz/clean-car/Copyright 2022 APEC SecretariatWe want to bring this ambition to our market,too 43%of truck sales into Europe are expected to be zer

16、o emission in 2030(see graph)Heavy vehicles in New Zealand:3.5%of vehicles but 25%of emissions Would rely on New Zealand expanding our light vehicle policy ambition into heavy truck market.Our 2025 zero emission vehicle bus requirement gives us confidence.Zero emission trucks are cominghttps:/www.co

17、ncept.co.nz/uploads/1/2/8/3/128396759/policies_to_incentivise_the_uptake_of_zero-emission_trucks.pdfCopyright 2022 APEC SecretariatNext Steps,Recommendations for APEC Policy Makers The New Zealand experience suggests setting 1.Domestic and international science-based ambition,targets,action.2.Carbon

18、 budgets,pricing.3.Targets and actions in transport and electricity sectors4.Vehicle CO2regulations and incentives;charging networks;battery circular economy;green electricity.Must also reduce private car travel and significantly encouraging cycling and walking)New Zealand has experienced results qu

19、icker than expected.Documentation:www.transport.govt.nz/clean-car/Keen to see greater EV production and supply from other economies APEC can be a forum for accelerating transition away from fossil fuel vehicles&lowering transport emissions.Apec.orgAPECnewsAPECRebecca_APECapecAPECAPEC-Asia-Pacific Economic CooperationFind out moreAPEC Online and Social MediaCopyright 2022 APEC Secretariat