1、Supported bythe World of organic agricultureSTATISTICS&EMERGING TRENDS 2022 AFRICA 2.1 MILLION HANORTH AMERICA 3.7 MILLION HAOCEANIA 35.9 MILLION HALATIN AMERICA 9.9 MILLION HAASIA 6.1 MILLION HAEUROPE 17.1 MILLION HAFiBL&IFOAM ORGANICS INTERNATIONALwww.organic-Information and training materials for

2、 organic farming in Africa all available for free downloadElaborated by the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL,IFOAM Organics International,and African partnersTemperature changes during composting3 Pile the mixed materialsHow to check moisture during composting4 Check the temperature af

3、ter 2 to 3 daysMaterial keeps its form without dripping=idealMaterial falls apart=too dryPress a sample to assess the moisture levelMaterial smears or drips=too wet5 Turn the heap at least 3 timesThe heat released during decomposition helps to kill weeds,plant diseases and pests.2 Mix and water the

4、materialsMake a heap about 2 m wide and 4 m longMake a heap about 1.2 m highIn dry climate,produce compost in pits 0.5 m deepHow to make good quality compostFive steps to produce a good compostChoose a shady place close to a water source Cover the piled manure and the green materials before use Mix

5、1 part comprising fresh plant materials and manure,to 2 parts of medium rough dry materials Cool stick =heap too dry or lacks enough green material or manure Hot stick =materials decomposing well Turn the heap after about 10,20 and 40 days at least Remo ve the straw before turning Water the compost,

6、if dry Cover the heap again Make a heap of the recommended size and cover it with straw,leaves etc.(plastic is not recommended)Animal manureAshesLeavesand grasCropresidues1 Collect materials from non-contaminated sourcesWell preparedcompost builds the soil and provides nutrients to support good plan

7、t growthDeveloped by the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL in 2020 supported by the Green Innovation Centres for the Agriculture and Food Sector(GIC)implemented by the Deutsche Gesellschaft fr Internationale Zusammenarbeit(GIZ)under the framework of the special initiative“ONE WORLD No H

8、unger”on behalf of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development(BMZ).C706050403020100Heating phase34 weeksCooling phaseMaturing phaseBacteria develop rapidlyFungi developSmall soil-living animals settleHumic acids are formedTurning of compost at least 3 timesModule 09 Crops U

9、nit 14 Organic Potato Production in Cameroon 1African Organic Agriculture Training Manual SEED PLOT METHOD(1)?Crop Management M9:Potatoes U1437African Organic Agriculture Training ManualProducing quality potato seed(Seed plot method)(1)Select a place with fertile soil(ideally with leguminous pre-cro

10、p or virgin soil)Ideally plant maize around the seed plot to keep air-borne pests and diseases away Apply about 9 litres of ripe compost per m2,if available,and incorporate it into the soil Plant disease free and true to type seed from a certified seed producer Plant 15 cm deep at 30 x 30 cm,and cov

11、er with soil Plow the soil and make a raised bed of 15 cm height and 1.5 m width123DETECTION OF TUBER DISEASES?Crop Management M9:Potatoes U1436African Organic Agriculture Training ManualDetection of tuber diseasesDrycoreNecrotic ringspots(Virus PVYNTN)Bacterial soft rotTuber blightHealthy tuberStre

12、ptomycesKronen and Sevim are quite resistant against late blight and have a moderate ni-trogen demand.Kronen has a slow emergence and therefore must be pre-sprout-ed well.These varieties might be well suited for organic farming in Cameroon.Importation of seed potato from Europe for ensuring high qua

13、lity seed for farmers has resulted in major losses of seed material during transport and stor-age before use in the field in the past.Thus,this procedure has proved not sus-tainable.Importation of certified potato seed may be a first temporary step though to establishing a national quality seed prod

14、uction.Availability of seed needs to be addressed in a broad context and solutions should be developed on a national level.The production of site-adapted varieties must be supported.The propagation,adaptation and use of genetically resistant varieties(e.g.Carolus)should be developed.Collaboration wi

15、th the International Potato Centre CIP should be envisaged.Seed production methodsSome farmers in the north of Cameroon have been trained on commercial po-tato seed production.Farm-based,specialized seed production requires specific knowledge and is only possible in contract with seed producing orga

16、nisations.Potato seeds must be cultivated with sufficient distance from regular potato fields to avoid infections by viruses and blight disease.Production of seed pota-toes at higher altitudes results in more slow-sprouting planting material.Production of mini-tubercules,as practiced by CIP in Kenya

17、,is a valid alternative to standard potato seed production.However,mini-tubercules must be propa-gated by specialists and under supervision of CIP or an equivalent national or-ganisation.To increase the availability of high quality potato seed,the International Potato Center CIP and partners have de

18、veloped the 3 seed potato generation revolution(3G).The approach uses rapid multiplication techniques(RMT),such as aeroponics or sandponics,to produce mini-tubers from in vitro plantlets,and two subsequent field generations for seed multiplication.The approach involves national agricultural research

19、 and extension systems,and includes farmer train-ings in seed management and storage.In the last years,the idea of using true potato seeds(TPS)for production of seed or ware tubers has aroused interest.True seed does not transmit most of the po-tato diseases,is very light and is easy to transport.Tr

20、ue potato seeds either can be sown directly in the field,raised as seedlings from true seeds in a greenhouse 22Controlling pests and diseasesBrownish rotten patches on the fruit.The female fly lays an egg under the skin of green ripe to ripe fruit.The male and female flies emerge from the soil.The p

21、upae develop during 8 to 10 days.The larvae pupate in the soil.Fruit flies can cause great damage to the fruits.It is therefore very important to implement all available control measures.Fruit fliesMany natural enemies such as parasitic wasps,grain beetles,weaver ants,spiders,birds and bats can cont

22、ribute to fruit fly control.Especially weaver ants protect the fruit from the pest by their presence.The life cycle of fruit fliesEggs develop in 12 days to larvae.The whitish maggots feed on the flesh of the fruit and the fruit begins to rot.After 4 to 17 days,the maggot leaves the fruit,making a h

23、ole in the skin of the fruit.Good pre-harvest pest and disease control increases yield and improves fruit quality.PRODUCE GOOD QUALITY ORGANIC MANGOESThe fruit drops to the ground.Maintenant aussi en franais!Inserat_Training_Manual_Word-of-Organic_2022-01-21.indd 1Inserat_Training_Manual_Word-of-Org

24、anic_2022-01-21.indd 121.01.22 12:0521.01.22 12:05In 2022,we will turn 50,IFOAM Organics Europe 20 and IFOAM Organics Asia 10.To mark these milestones,were raising awareness of the multiple benefi ts of or-ganic agriculture for people,our food sys-tems and the planet.ifoam.bioby sharing organic mess

25、ages!Join theCelebrationResearch Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL IFOAM Organics International The World of Organic Agriculture Statistics and Emerging Trends 2022 Edited by Helga Willer,Jan Trvnek,Claudia Meier and Bernhard Schlatter PDF version,corrigenda and supplementary material http:/www.

26、organic- All of the statements and results contained in this book have been compiled by the authors and are to the best of their knowledge correct and have been checked by the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL and IFOAM Organics International.However,the possibility of mistakes cannot b

27、e ruled out entirely.Therefore,the editors,authors and publishers are not subject to any obligation and make no guarantees whatsoever regarding any of the statements or results in this work;neither do they accept responsibility or liability for any possible mistakes,nor for any consequences of actio

28、ns taken by readers based on statements or advice contained therein.Authors are responsible for the content of their articles.Their opinions do not necessarily express the views of FiBL or IFOAM Organics International.This document has been produced with the support of the Swiss State Secretariat fo

29、r Economic Affairs(SECO),the Sustainability Fund of Coop Switzerland(Coop Fonds fr Nachhaltigkeit)and NrnbergMesse.The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinions of SECO,Coop Switzerland or NrnbergMesse.Should corrections and updates become necessary,they will be

30、published at www.organic-.This book is available for download at http:/www.organic- inquiries regarding this book and its contents should be sent to Helga Willer,FiBL,Ackerstrasse 113,5070 Frick,Switzerland,e-mail helga.willerfibl.org.Please quote articles from this book individually with name(s)of

31、author(s)and title of article.The same applies to the tables:Please quote source,title of table and then the overall report.The whole report should be cited as:Willer,Helga,Jan Trvnek,Claudia Meier and Bernhard Schlatter(Eds.)(2022):The World of Organic Agriculture.Statistics and Emerging Trends 202

32、2.Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL,Frick,and IFOAM Organics International,Bonn.Die Deutsche Bibliothek CIP Cataloguing-in-Publication-Data a catalogue record for this publication is available from Die Deutsche Bibliothek February 2022.Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL and

33、IFOAM Organics International.Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL,Ackerstrasse113,5070 Frick,Switzerland,Tel.+41 62 865 72 72,e-mail info.suissefibl.org,Internet www.fibl.org IFOAM Organics International,Charles-de-Gaulle-Str.5,53113 Bonn,Germany,Tel.+49 228 926 50-10,e-mail contactifoam.b

34、io,Internet www.ifoam.bio,Trial Court Bonn,Association Register no.8726 Language editing:Lauren Dietemann and Laura Kemper,FiBL,Frick,Switzerland Cover:Kurt Riedi,FiBL,Frick,Switzerland Layout,graphs,infographics:Jan Trvnek,Star Msto,Czech Republic and Bernhard Schlatter,Helga Willer,FiBL,Frick,Swit

35、zerland Cover picture:Dairy cows on an organic alp(alpine seasonal mountain pasture)in the Muotathal in the canton of Schwyz,Switzerland.In Switzerland,17 percent of the farmland land is organic,but only around 5 percent of the alpine pastures,where cattle are brought during the summer,are under org

36、anic management.Problematic weeds are a challenge,as herbicides may not be used in organic farming.Photo:Franz-Josef Steiner,Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL Printed by Druckerei Hachenburg,Saynstrae 18,57627 Hachenburg,Germany Price:30 Euros,IFOAM Organics International affiliates:20

37、Euros Printed copies of this volume may be ordered directly from IFOAM Organics International and FiBL(see addresses above)or via the FiBL shop at shop.fibl.org ISBN Print Version 978-3-03736-433-8 ISBN PDF Version 978-3-03736-434-5 Table of Contents FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2022):The World

38、 of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn 3 Table of Contents Glossary 10 Foreword from SECO 11 Foreword from FiBL and IFOAM Organics International 12 Foreword from the Editors 13 Acknowledgements 14 ORGANIC AGRICULTURE:KEY INDICATORS AND TOP COUNTRIES 19 THE WORLD OF ORGANIC AGRICULTURE 2022:SUMMARY 2

39、0 Helga Willer,Claudia Meier,Bernhard Schlatter,Lauren Dietemann,Laura Kemper and Jan Trvnek ORGANIC AGRICULTURE WORLDWIDE:CURRENT STATISTICS 31 Current Statistics on Organic Agriculture Worldwide:Area,Operators and Market 32 Bernhard Schlatter,Jan Trvnek,Claudia Meier and Helga Willer General notes

40、 on the data 35 Organic land 37 Organic producers and other operator types 57 Retail sales and international trade data 64 Organic farming in developing countries and emerging markets 69 Land use and key commodities in organic agriculture 71 Organic Cotton 128 Textile Exchange Statistics of the Biod

41、ynamic Federation Demeter International 133 Christoph Simpfendrfer and Sarah Fischer GLOBAL MARKET AND ORGANIC IMPORTS 139 The Global Market for Organic Food&Drink 140 Amarjit Sahota Imports of Organic Agri-food Products into the European Union Summary of the EU Agricultural Market Brief on EU Organ

42、ic Imports 2020 146 STANDARDS AND LEGISLATION POLICY SUPPORT 157 Worldwide Overview of Policies and Regulations on Agroecological Approaches,Including Organic 158 Xhona Hysa,Sara Anselmi,Vladyslav Zhmailo,Gbor Figeczky,Flvia Moura e Castro,and Florentine Meinshausen Participatory Guarantee Systems i

43、n 2021 170 Sara Anselmi and Flvia Moura e Castro Agroecology and Organic Agriculture at the UN Food Systems Summit 2021 178 Gbor Figeczky,Xhona Hysa and Ali Glcegn AFRICA 181 Developments in Organic Agriculture in Africa 182 David M.Amudavi,Venancia Wambua,Alex Mutungi,Moses O.Aisu and Olugbenga O.A

44、deoluwa Table of Contents 4 FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2022):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn Africa:Current Statistics 192 Claudia Meier,Bernhard Schlatter and Jan Trvnek ASIA 201 Developments in the Organic Sector in Asia in 2021 202 Shaikh Tanveer Hossain,Jennifer Chang and

45、Vic Anthony Joseph Fabre Tagupa Asia:Current statistics 215 Claudia Meier,Bernhard Schlatter,Jan Trvnek EUROPE 223 Organic in Europe:Recent Developments 225 Emanuele Busacca,Maria Gernert,Maria Ladinig,Bram Moeskops,Amelie Steu.Silvia Schmidt and Helga Willer Europe and the European Union:Key indica

46、tors 2020 234 Organic Farming and Market Development in Europe and the European Union 235 Jan Trvnek,Helga Willer and Diana Schaack LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN 271 Latin America 272 Patricia Flores Latin America and the Caribbean:Current statistics 275 Claudia Meier,Bernhard Schlatter,and Jan Trvnek

47、 NORTH AMERICA 283 Organic in the United States:Sales Surpass 60 Billion Dollar Mark 284 Barbara Fitch Haumann Canada 289 Tia Loftsgard North America:Current statistics 292 Claudia Meier,Bernhard Schlatter,and Jan Trvnek OCEANIA 297 Australia 298 Nicole Ford The Pacific Islands 304 Karen Mapusua Oce

48、ania:Current statistics 308 Claudia Meier,Bernhard Schlatter and Jan Trvnek RETROSPECTIVE AND OUTLOOK 313 Retrospective and Outlook Transformation is happening!314 Louise Luttikholt Annex:Key Indicators by Country and Region 317 Annex:Data Providers and Data Sources 322 Table of Contents FiBL&IFOAM

49、Organics International(2022):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn 5 Tables Table 1:Countries and territories covered by the global survey on organic agriculture 2020 33 Table 2:World:Organic agricultural land(including in-conversion areas)and regions shares of the global organic agricultu

50、ral land 2020 37 Table 3:World:Organic agricultural land(including in-conversion areas)by country/territory 2020(sorted)39 Table 4:World:Organic agricultural land(including in-conversion areas)and organic share of total agricultural land by region 2020 41 Table 5:World:Organic shares of total agricu

51、ltural land by country 2020(sorted)43 Table 6:World:Organic agricultural land(including in-conversion areas)by region:growth 2019-2020,and 10 years growth 45 Table 7:World:Development of organic agricultural land by country 2019-2020 47 Table 8:World:Organic areas:Agricultural land(including convers

52、ion areas)and further organic areas by region in 2020 52 Table 9:World:Organic areas:Agricultural land(including conversion areas)and further organic areas by country 2020 52 Table 10:World:Development of the numbers of producers by region 2019 to 2020 57 Table 11:World:Organic producers and other o

53、perator types by country 2020 59 Table 12:Global market data:Retail sales and per capita consumption by region 2020 65 Table 13:Global market data:Retail sales,organic share of all retail sales,per capita consumption and exports by country 2020 67 Table 14:Countries on the DAC list:Development of or

54、ganic agricultural land 2015-2020 70 Table 15:World:Land use in organic agriculture by region(including in-conversion areas)2020 74 Table 16:World:Land use and crop categories in organic agriculture worldwide 2020 74 Table 17:Use of organic arable land(including in-conversion areas),2019 and 2020 co

55、mpared 75 Table 18:Use of organic permanent cropland(including in-conversion areas),2019 and 2020 compared 77 Table 19:Wild collection and beekeeping areas by region 2019 and 2020 compared 79 Table 20:Wild collection and beekeeping areas by crop group 2020 79 Table 21:Wild collection and beekeeping

56、areas by country 2020 81 Table 22:Number of organic beehives by country 2020 84 Table 23:Organic aquaculture:Production volume by species 2020 85 Table 24:Organic aquaculture:Production volume by country 2020 87 Table 25:World:Selected key crop groups and crops area in organic agriculture 2020 (over

57、view including conversion areas)88 Table 26:Cereals:Organic area by country 2020 91 Table 27:Citrus fruit:Organic area by country 2020 95 Table 28:Cocoa:Organic area by country 2020 98 Table 29:Coffee:Organic area by country 2020 101 Table 30:Dry pulses:Organic area by country 2020 104 Table 31:Temp

58、erate fruit:Organic area by country 2020 108 Table 32:Tropical and subtropical fruit:Organic area by country 2020 112 Table 33:Grapes:Organic area by country 2020 116 Table 34:Oilseeds:Organic area by country 2020 119 Table 35:Olives:Organic area by country 2020 123 Table 36:Vegetables:Organic area

59、by country 2020 126 Table 37:Organic cotton farmers,area,and production 2019/2020 131 Table 38:Certified Demeter operations in member countries with certifying organisations(October 2021)135 Table 39:Demeter operations certified by the International Certification Office(ICO)in other countries 136 Ta

60、ble 40:Demeter certified vintners and grape area worldwide(July 2020)137 Table 41:Total agri-food import volumes by class,2019 and 2020 147 Table 42:Organic fruit and vegetables import volumes by product category,2019 and 2020 150 Table 43:Organic cereals,oilseeds and sugar import volumes for key pr

61、oduct categories,2019 and 2020 151 Table of Contents 6 FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2022):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn Table 44:Organic permanent crops(excl.fruit and nuts)import volumes by product category,2019 and 2020 152 Table 45:Organic animal product import volumes by p

62、roduct category,2019 and 2020 153 Table 46:Organic import volumes by exporting country,2019 and 2020 154 Table 47:EU organic imports:Organic import volumes by product category,2019 and 2020 156 Table 48:Organic regulations worldwide by region 158 Table 49:Organic regulations worldwide 166 Table 50:P

63、articipatory Guarantee Systems worldwide 2021 176 Table 51:Africa:Organic agricultural land,organic share of total agricultural land and number of organic producers 2020 197 Table 52:Africa:All organic areas 2020 198 Table 53:Africa:Land use in organic agriculture 2020 199 Table 54:Africa:Use of wil

64、d collection areas 2020 199 Table 55:Asia:Organic agricultural land,organic share of farmland,producers 2020 220 Table 56:Asia:All organic areas 2020 221 Table 57:Asia:Land use in organic agriculture 2020 222 Table 58:Asia:Use of wild collection areas 2020 222 Table 59:Europe:Organic agricultural la

65、nd in Europe and the European Union 2020 237 Table 60:Europe and the European Union:Land use 2020 243 Table 61:Europe and the European Union:Key crops/crop group 2020 246 Table 62:Europe:Organic operators by country group 2020 249 Table 63:Europe and the European Union:Organic retail sales 2020:Key

66、data 252 Table 64:Organic shares for retail sales values(euros)for selected products 2020 258 Table 65:Europe:Organic agricultural land by country 2020 264 Table 66:Europe:Conversion status of organic agricultural land 2020 265 Table 67:Europe:Land use in organic agriculture by country 2020 266 Tabl

67、e 68:Europe:Organic agricultural land and wild collection areas by country 2020 267 Table 69:Europe:Organic producers,processors,and importers by country 2020 268 Table 70:Europe and European Union:Organic trade 2020 269 Table 71:European Union:EU organic imports by member state 2020(EU 27)270 Table

68、 72:Latin America:Organic agricultural land,organic share of total agricultural land,and number of producers 2020 280 Table 73:Latin America:All organic areas 2020 281 Table 74:Latin America:Land use in organic agriculture 2020 282 Table 75:Latin America:Use of wild collection areas 2020 282 Table 7

69、6:North America:Organic agricultural land,organic share of total agricultural land,and number of producers 2020 296 Table 77:North America:All organic areas 2020 296 Table 78:North America:Land use in organic agriculture 2020 296 Table 79:Pacific Islands:Main products with organic certification 305

70、Table 80:Oceania:Organic agricultural land,organic share of total agricultural land,and number of producers 2020 311 Table 81:Oceania:Land use in organic agriculture 2020 311 Table 82:Key indicators by region 2020 317 Table 83:Key indicators by country 2020 317 Table 84:Development of the number of

71、producers and the organic area according to the Ministry of Agriculture,Livestock and Food in Brazil 341 Figures Figure 1:World:Distribution of organic agricultural land by region 2020 38 Figure 2:World:The ten countries with the largest areas of organic agricultural land 2020 38 Figure 3:World:Coun

72、tries with an organic share of the total agricultural land of at least 10 percent 2020 42 Figure 4:World:Distribution of the organic shares of the agricultural land 2020 42 Table of Contents FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2022):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn 7 Figure 5:World:Grow

73、th of the organic agricultural land and organic share 2000-2020 46 Figure 6:World:Growth of the organic agricultural land by continent 2000 to 2020 46 Figure 7:World:The ten countries with the highest increase of organic agricultural land 2020 47 Figure 8:World:Distribution of all organic areas 2020

74、.Total:104.9 million hectares 51 Figure 9:World:Distribution of organic producers by region 2020(Total:3.4 million producers)58 Figure 10:World:The ten countries with the largest numbers of organic producers 2020 58 Figure 11:Global market for organic food:Distribution of retail sales by country 202

75、0 65 Figure 12:Global market for organic food:Distribution of retail sales by region 2020 65 Figure 13:Global market:The countries with the largest markets for organic food 2020 66 Figure 14:Global market:The ten countries with the highest per capita consumption 2020 66 Figure 15(left):Countries on

76、the DAC list:The ten countries with the largest areas of organic agricultural land in 2020 70 Figure 16(right):Countries on the DAC list:The ten countries with the highest organic shares of the total agricultural land in 2020 70 Figure 17:World:Distribution of main land use types by region 2020 72 F

77、igure 18:World:Distribution of main land use types and key crop categories 2020 73 Figure 19:World:Development of organic arable land,permanent cropland and permanent grassland/grazing areas 2004-2020 73 Figure 20:World:Distribution of organic arable cropland by region 2020 76 Figure 21:World:Use of

78、 arable cropland by crop group 2020 76 Figure 22:World:Distribution of permanent cropland by region 2020 78 Figure 23:World:Use of permanent cropland by crop group 2020 78 Figure 24:World:Distribution of organic wild collection and beekeeping areas by region in 2020 80 Figure 25:World:The ten countr

79、ies with the largest organic wild collection and beekeeping areas in 2020 80 Figure 26:World:Distribution of organic beehives by region in 2020 83 Figure 27:World:Organic aquaculture production volume:Distribution by continent and top 10 countries 2020 86 Figure 28:World:Organic aquaculture producti

80、on volume:Distribution by species and key species 2020 86 Figure 29:Cereals:Organic area 2020 89 Figure 30:Cereals:Organic area 2020 90 Figure 31:Citrus fruit:Organic area 2020 93 Figure 32:Citrus fruit:Organic area 2020 94 Figure 33:Cocoa:Organic area 2020 96 Figure 34:Cocoa:Organic area 2020 97 Fi

81、gure 35:Coffee:Organic area 2020 99 Figure 36:Coffee:Organic area 2020 100 Figure 37:Dry Pulses:Organic area 2020 102 Figure 38:Dry Pulses:Organic area 2020 103 Figure 39:Temperate fruit:Organic area 2020 106 Figure 40:Temperate Fruit:Organic area 2020 107 Figure 41:Tropical and subtropical fruit:Or

82、ganic area 2020 110 Figure 42:Tropical and subtropical fruit:Organic area 2020 111 Figure 43:Grapes:Organic area 2020 114 Figure 44:Grapes:Organic area 2020 115 Figure 45:Oilseeds:Organic area 2020 117 Figure 46:Oilseeds:Organic area 2020 118 Figure 47:Olives:Organic area 2020 121 Figure 48:Olives:O

83、rganic area 2020 122 Figure 49:Vegetables:Distribution of organic area by crop group 2020 124 Figure 50:Vegetables:Organic area 2020 125 Figure 51:Development of organic cotton fibre production in metric tons 128 Figure 57:Development of the number of Demeter-certified farms 134 Figure 58:Developmen

84、t of the Demeter-certified area 134 Figure 52:Global market:Growth in global market for organic food&drink,2000-2020 141 Table of Contents 8 FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2022):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn Figure 53:United States:Increase in organic land area and food sales,20

85、00-2019 143 Figure 54:EU organic import volumes:Organic agri-food imports by country 2020(top ten)149 Figure 55:EU organic import volumes:Top 10 countries exporting to the European Union 149 Figure 56:Development of PGS-certified producers worldwide 171 Figure 59:Africa:The ten countries with the la

86、rgest organic agricultural area 2020 195 Figure 60:Africa:The countries with the highest organic share of total agricultural land 2020 195 Figure 61:Africa:Development of organic agricultural land 2000-2020 196 Figure 62:Africa:Use of organic agricultural land 2020 196 Figure 63:Asia:The ten countri

87、es with the largest organic agricultural area 2020 218 Figure 64:Asia:The countries with the highest organic share of total agricultural land 2020 218 Figure 65:Asia:Development of organic agricultural land 2000 to 2020 219 Figure 66:Asia:Use of organic agricultural land 2020 219 Figure 67:European

88、Union:Growth of organic farmland and retail sales 20002020 compared 225 Figure 68:Europe and European Union:Distribution of organic farmland by country 2020 237 Figure 69:Europe:Organic agricultural land by country 2020 238 Figure 70:Europe:Organic shares of total agricultural land 2020 240 Figure 7

89、1:Europe and the European Union:Development of organic agricultural land 2000-2020 241 Figure 72:Europe:Growth rates for organic agricultural land in Europe and the European Union 2000-2020 241 Figure 73:Europe:The ten countries with the highest growth in organic agricultural land in hectares and re

90、lative growth in 2020 242 Figure 74:Europe and European Union:Distribution of land use in organic agriculture 2020 244 Figure 75:Europe:Land use in organic agriculture-top 10 countries 2020 245 Figure 76:Europe:Growth in organic agricultural land by land use type 2004-2020 245 Figure 77:European Uni

91、on:Growth in organic agricultural land by land use type 2004-2020 246 Figure 78:Europe and the European Union:Development of the number of organic producers 2000-2020 250 Figure 79:Europe:Distribution of organic producers and processors by country 2020 250 Figure 80:Europe:Number of organic producer

92、s by country 2020 251 Figure 81:Europe:Distribution of retail sales by country and by single market worldwide 2020 252 Figure 82:Europe:Retail sales by country 2020 253 Figure 83:Growth of organic retail sales in Europe and the European Union,2000-2020 254 Figure 84:Europe:The countries with the hig

93、hest organic market growth 2020 255 Figure 85:Europe:The countries with the highest per capita consumption 2020 256 Figure 86:Europe:Growth of the per capita consumption 2010-2020 256 Figure 87:Europe:The countries with the highest shares of the total retail sales 2020 257 Figure 88:Europe:Marketing

94、 channels for organic products in selected countries 2020 260 Figure 89:Europe:Growth of marketing channels for organic products 2018-2020 in selected countries 260 Figure 90:EU organic imports:Growth 2018 to 2020(EU27)261 Figure 91:Latin America and Caribbean:The ten countries with the largest area

95、s of organic agricultural land 2020 278 Figure 92:Latin America and Caribbean:The ten countries with the highest organic share of total agricultural land 2020 278 Figure 93:Latin America and Caribbean:Development of organic agricultural land 2000-2020 279 Figure 94:Latin America and Caribbean:Use of

96、 agricultural organic land 2020 279 Figure 95:North America:Organic agricultural land in Canada and the United States 2020 294 Figure 96:North America:Organic share of total agricultural land in Canada and the United States 2020 294 Figure 97:North America:Development of organic agricultural land 20

97、00-2020 295 Figure 98:North America:Land use in organic agriculture 2020 295 Figure 99:Australia:Distribution of organic producers 299 Figure 100:Australia:Distribution of organic farmland 299 Figure 101:Oceania:Organic agricultural land by country 2020 309 Figure 102:Oceania:Organic share of total

98、agricultural land by country 2020 309 Figure 103:Oceania:Development of organic agricultural land 2000-2020 310 Figure 104:Oceania:Use of agricultural organic land 2020 310 Table of Contents FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2022):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn 9 Maps Map 1:Organic

99、agricultural land in 2020 31 Map 2:Organic agricultural land in the countries of Africa 2020 181 Map 3:Organic agricultural land in the countries of Asia 2020 201 Map 4:Organic agricultural land in the countries of Europe 2020 223 Map 5:Organic agricultural land in the countries of Latin America and

100、 the Caribbean 2020 271 Map 6:Organic agricultural land in Canada and the United States 2020 283 Map 7:Organic agricultural land in the countries of Oceania 2020 297 Infographics Infographic 1:Organic agriculture worldwide-key indicators 2020 30 Infographic 2:Organic farmland 2020 36 Infographic 3:O

101、rganic producers 2020 56 Infographic 4:Organic retail sales 2020 63 Infographic 5:Organic Agriculture in Europe 2020 224 Glossary 10 FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2022):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn Glossary/person:Per capita consumption in euros AfrONet:African Organic Network

102、 AMI:Agrarmarkt-Informationsgesellschaft-Agricultural Market Information Company,Germany AOC:African Organic Conference AU/AUC:African Union/African Union Commission CAP:Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union CAADP:Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme CIHEAM:Centre intern

103、ational de hautes tudes agronomiques mditerranennes CNCA:China National Certification and Accreditation Administration COTA:Canada Organic Trade Association,Canada CPC:Candidates and Potential Candidates for the European Union CSC:Continental Steering Committee of the Ecological Organic Agriculture

104、Initiative for Africa(EOA-I)EFTA:European Free Trade Association EOA(-I):Ecological Organic Agriculture(Initiative for Africa)EU:European Union EU27:Member countries of the European Union from 2020 onward EU-NACOA:EU/North-African Conference on Organic Agriculture Eurostat:Statistical office of the

105、European Union,Luxembourg FAO:Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations FAOSTAT:Statistics Division of FAO,the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations FiBL:Forschungsinstitut fr biologischen Landbau Research Institute of Organic Agriculture,Switzerland GOTS:Global Organ

106、ic Textile Standard ha:Hectares Horizon 2020:Research and Innovation Programme of the European Union,running from 2014 to 2020 Horizon Europe:Research and Innovation Programme of the European Union,running from 2021 HS codes:Harmonized System Codes ISOFAR:International Society of Organic Agriculture

107、 Research,Germany IFOAM Organics International:Formerly International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM)ITC:International Trade Centre,Switzerland MOAN:Mediterranean Organic Agriculture Network hosted by CIHEAM Bari,Italy MT:Metric tons NASAA:National Association for Sustainable Agr

108、iculture,Australia NOARA:Network of Organic Agriculture Researchers in Africa OTA:Organic Trade Association,United States of America PGS:Participatory Guarantee Systems POETcom:Pacific Organic and Ethical Trade Community SDC:Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SECO:State Secretariat for Eco

109、nomic Affairs,Switzerland SL:Stiftung kologie&Landbau Foundation Ecology&Agriculture,Germany TP Organics:European Technology Platform for Organic Food and Farming U.S.:United States USDA:United States Department of AgricultureForeword from SECO FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2022):The World of Or

110、ganic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn 11 Foreword from SECO In the dynamic field of organic agriculture,access to good quality data on organic farming helps to measure success toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)and serves as a resource for further analysis and informed decision-makin

111、g by researchers,policymakers,industry actors and other stakeholders along the whole value chain.Data can also support the development of a favourable policy environment,reliable regulations and standards,as well as transparency in the organic sector,which has proven to be particularly important ove

112、r the past year.COVID-19 is having a profound impact on all of us,highlighting the need to understand what is happening in the sector in order to mitigate the negative impacts of the crisis and reduce the vulnerability of supply chains.For the organic sector,also 2021 was a special year,as consumer

113、demand for organic foods continued to increase substantially during the pandemic.Evidence shows that retail sales have risen again in the double digits in many countries.This report,which looks at the consolidated data from 2020,shows that once again,increasing demand for organic products stimulated

114、 growth in the organic sector,with organic food sales reaching the 120 billion euro mark.Double-digit growth rates were recorded in many advanced markets for organic products.The production side is also keeping pace:the latest data shows that organic farmland grew in many countries,and the total org

115、anic area increased to almost 75 million hectares,representing 1.6 percent of agricultural land worldwide,managed by more than three million producers.By providing dynamic and easy access to organic market and production data,the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs(SECO)aims to support deci

116、sion-makers in governmental administrations,development agencies,NGOs,and other actors of the international organic industry.Dr.Monica Rubiolo Head of the Division for Trade Promotion Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs(SECO)Bern,Switzerland Foreword from FiBL and IFOAM Organics Internation

117、al 12 FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2022):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn Foreword from FiBL and IFOAM Organics International With the 23rd edition,FiBL and IFOAM Organics International proudly present a new edition of“The World of Organic Agriculture.”Data collection is a major

118、and constant concern of the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL and IFOAM Organics International.The comprehensive data provided over more than two decades in this publication serves as an important tool for stakeholders,policymakers,authorities,the industry,as well as researchers and ext

119、ension professionals.It has also proven useful for development programs and supporting strategies for organic agriculture and markets and crucial for monitoring the impact of these activities.The publication also shows our ongoing engagement with transparency in the organic sector;the method of coll

120、ecting the data has been refined over time to reflect the global status of organic as much as possible.“The World of Organic Agriculture”has become one of the most frequently quoted pieces of literature in scientific,technical,and descriptive articles and reports on organic agriculture.This publicat

121、ion also demonstrates the contribution of organic agriculture to overarching sustainability strategies like the Sustainable Development Goals and the European Unions Farm to Fork Strategy.Given that organic agriculture contributes substantially to all of the goals and strategies,this book not only s

122、hows the land area,number of producers and market figures;it also highlights the contribution of organic agriculture to tackling climate change,ensuring food and nutrition security,halting biodiversity loss,and promoting sustainable consumption and therewith its contribution to transforming food sys

123、tems as a whole.Overall,“The World of Organic Agriculture”shows the potential of organic farming to contribute to a sustainable future!We are grateful to the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs(SECO),the Coop Sustainability Fund and Nrnberg Messe for supporting this publication.We would lik

124、e to express our thanks to all authors and data providers for contributing in-depth information and figures on their region,their country,or their field of expertise.Lastly,we would like to thank the editorial team for their dedication and engagement,and we would also like to express our thanks to t

125、he other members of the FiBL team who support the activities surrounding the data collection.Frick and Bonn,February 2022 Prof.Dr.Knut Schmidtke Director Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL Frick,Switzerland Louise Luttikholt Executive Director IFOAM Organics International Bonn,Germany Fo

126、reword from the Editors FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2022):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn 13 Foreword from the Editors In the 23rd edition of“The World of Organic Agriculture”,we present the latest available data on organic agriculture worldwide.Again,many experts have provided

127、 valuable data.We are very grateful to all those who supplied data and information from all over the world and our supporters:the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs,the Coop Sustainability Fund,Nrnberg Messe and IFOAM Organics International!Knowledgeable authors once again contributed arti

128、cles about their regions,countries,or fields of expertise,including the global market report,policy support,public standards and legislation,Participatory Guarantee Systems,organic cotton,the European Unions organic import data as well as the statistics of Demeter International.Like for the 2021 edi

129、tion,we did not provide texts in the crop chapters,but instead,we are presenting graphs:A map on the global distribution by country for a given crop/crop group,its development,the top countries in terms of organic area and organic share of the total area,the distribution by continent and,in the case

130、 of crop groups,the breakdown by crop.Furthermore,for this edition,we developed the Power Bi graphics further,and most of the figures in this book are now based on Power BI,allowing fast updates in the future.In addition,you can explore our interactive Power BI graphics and database at https:/statis

131、tics.fibl.org.Finally,we wish to announce that the Chinese edition of“The World of Organic Agriculture”will be published for the 11th time by the Organic and Beyond company We want to express our warm gratitude to everyone who makes this report possible!Helga Willer,Jan Trvnek,Claudia Meier and Bern

132、hard Schlatter Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL,Frick,Switzerland Acknowledgements 14 FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2022):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn Acknowledgements The Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL and IFOAM Organics International are very gr

133、ateful to their supporters for granting financial support for the global data collection and for the 2021 edition of“The World of Organic Agriculture”:the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs(SECO),Economic Development and Cooperation(within the framework of its support activities for organi

134、c production in developing countries),Bern,Switzerland,the Sustainability Fund of Coop Switzerland(Coop Fonds fr Nachhaltigkeit),Basel,Switzerland,and NrnbergMesse,the organizers of BIOFACH,Nrnberg,Germany.Mohamed Salih Abdalla,GIZ SA,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia;Dr Olugbenga O.AdeOluwa,Network of Organic Ag

135、riculture Research in Africa(NOARA),c/o NOAN,University of Ibadan,Nigeria,Ibadan,Nigeria;Moises Aisu,Network of Organic Agriculture Research in Africa(NOARA),c/o NOAN,University of Ibadan,Nigeria,Ibadan,Nigeria;Egl Akelaitien,Ekoagros,Kaunas,Lithuania;Mustafa Akyuz,Etko Ekolojyk Tarim Kontrol Organi

136、zasyonu Ltd.Sti,Izmir Turkey;Dr Khurshid Alam,Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute(BARI),Bangladesh;Sara Alicia,Ecocert Spain,Sevilla,Spain;Raed Saleh Almusaylim,Department of Organic Production,Saudi Arabia;Eng.Saif Moh Al-Shara,Ministry of Environment and Water,Agricultural Affairs and Anima

137、l Sector,Dubai,United Arab Emirates;Asan Alymkulov,BIO-KG Federation of Organic Development,Kyrgyzstan;Dr.David Amudavi,Biovision Africa Trust,Nairobi,Kenya;Sara Anselmi,IFOAM-Organics International,Bonn,Germany;Dr.Stoilko Apostolov,Bioselena:Foundation for organic agriculture,Karlovo,Bulgaria;Angel

138、a Atallah,CCPB Middle East,Beirut,Lebanon;Sara Avila Megias,Ecocert Spain,Sevilla,Spain;Dr.Vugar Babayev,Ganja Agribusiness Association(GABA),Ganja City,Azerbaijan;Brem Bahadur Thapa,Nepal Permaculture Group,Nepal;Lisa Barsley,Textile Exchange,Exeter,United Kingdom;Elif Bayraktar ktem,Ministry of Ag

139、riculture and Forestry of the Republic of Turkey,Ankara,Turkey;Milena Belli,Istituto per la Certificazione Etica ed Ambientale(ICEA),Bologna,Italy;Florian Bernardi,Klaus Bchel Anstalt,Mauren,Liechtenstein;Eva Berre,Ecocert International,LIsle Jourdain,France;Ing.Mgs.Rommel Anbal Betancourt Herrera,A

140、gencia de Regulacin y Control Fito y Zoosanitario-AGROCALIDAD,Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadera MAG,Quito,Ecuador;Luis Betancur Zuluaga,Federacin Orgnicos de Colombia(FEDEOrgnicos),Bogot,Colombia;Sandeep Bhargava,OneCert International Pvt.Ltd,Jaipur,Rajasthan,India;Olivera Bicikliski,Ministry of

141、Agriculture,Forestry and Water Management,Skopje,North Macedonia;Marian Blom,Bionext,Ede,The Netherlands;Barbara Bck,NrnbergMesse,Nuremberg,Germany;Thavisith Bounyasouk,Department of Agriculture(DOA),Vientiane,Lao PDR;Danila Brunner,Nrnberg Messe,Nrnberg,Germany;Dr.Marie Reine Bteich,CIHEAM Bari,Bar

142、i,Italy;Klaus Bchel,Klaus Bchel Anstalt,Mauren,Liechtenstein;Rowena Buena,MASIPAG,Philippines;Emanuele Busacca,IFOAM Organics Euope,Brussels,Belgium;Myroslava Bzhestovska,Ministry of Econmy of Ukraine,Kyiv,Ukraine;Celia Carave,Ecocert Spain,Sevilla,Spain;Claudio Crdenas,Servicio Agrcola y Ganadero(S

143、AG),Santiago de Chile,Chile;Miguel ngel Cepeda Jimnez,Ministerio de Agricultura Republica Dominicana(MA RD),Santo Domingo,Dominican Republic;Dr.Rajeshwar Chandel,Government of Himachal Pradesh,India;Jennifer Chang,IFOAM Asia,Seoul,Republic of Korea;Dong-Geun Choi,Korean Federation of Sustainable Agr

144、iculture Acknowledgements FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2022):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn 15 Organizations,Namyangju City,Gyeonggi Province,South Korea;Thomas Cierpka,IFOAM-Organics International,Bonn,Germany;Sarah Compson,Textile Exchange;Genaro Coronel,Servicio Nacional de

145、Calidad,Sanidad Vegetal y de Semillas(SENAVE),Asuncion,Paraguay;Eduardo Cuoco,Technology Platform Organics,Brussels;Dr.Nune Darbinyan,ECOGLOBE-Organic control and certification body,Yerevan,Republic of Armenia;Dr.agr.Wahyudi David,Universitas Bakrie,Indonesia;Giorgia DeSantis,Food and Agriculture Or

146、ganization of the United Nations(FAO),Rome,Italy;Lauren Dietemann,Research Instittue of Organic Agriculture FiBL,Frick,Switzerland;Matilda Donaldson,Textile Exchange,Utrecht,The Netherlands;Alice Dos Santos,Textile Exchange,Nouvelle-Aquitaine,France;Dr.Stefan Dreesmann,German Ukrainian Cooperation i

147、n Organic Agriculture(COA),Kyiv,Ukraine;Dr.Dra Drexler,kolgiai Mezgazdasgi Kutatintzet MKi-Hungarian Research Institute of Organic Agriculture,Budapest,Hungary;Ingeniera Agrnoma MSc Pilar M.Eguillor Recabarren,Oficina de Estudios y Politicas Agrarias ODEPA,Santiago Centro,Chile;Lucy Ellis,Department

148、 of Agriculture,Stanley,Falkland Islands(Malvinas);Carlos Andres Escobar Fernandez,ECONEXOS,Conexion Ecologica,Cali,Colombia;Vic Anthonly Joseph Fabre tagupa,IFOAM Asia,Philippines;Ditta Fekete,Control Union Certifications B.V.,Zwolle,The Netherlands;Li Feng,IFOAM Asia China Office,Gabor Figeczky,IF

149、OAM-Organics International,Bonn,Germany;Sara Fischer,Biodynamic Federation Demeter International,Echterdingen,Germany;Tobias Fischer,BCS ko-Garantie GmbH,Nrnberg,Germany;Barbara Fitch Haumann,Organic Trade Association(OTA),Guilford,United States of America;Dorian Flchet,Agence Bio,Montreuil-sous-Boi

150、s,France;Patricia Flores Escudero,Latin American Office of IFOAM-Organics International,Lima,Peru;Rui Fontoura,Textile Exchange,London,UK;Alexandra Forbord,Norwegian Agriculture Agency Landbruksdirektoratet,Oslo,Norway;Nicole Ford,Australian Organic Ltd,Nundah,Australia;Emmeline Foubert,Certisys,Bol

151、inne,Belgium;Barbara Frh,Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL,Frick,Switzerland;Sergiy Galashevskyy,Organic Standard,Kyiv,Ukraine;Carlos David Galo San Martin,Servicio Nacional de Sanidad e Inocuidad Agroalimentaria(SENASA),Tegucigalpa,Honduras;Juan Manuel Gmez,Comisin Interamericana de Ag

152、ricultura Orgnica(CIAO),Buenos Aires,Argentina;Evita Gandini,Nomisma-Economic Research Institute,Bologna,Italy;Osvaldo Garcia F.,IMOcert Latinoamerica LTDA,Cochabamba,Bolivia;Maria Gernert,IFOAM Organics Europe,Brussels,Belgium;Sushil Raj Ghiimire,Sustainable Food and Nutrition Security;Welthungerhi

153、lfe,Nepal;Maheswar Ghimire,Kathmandu,Nepal;Juan Gilardoni,LETIS S.A.,Santa Fe,Argentina;Laurent C.Glin,Benin;Dr.Regina Gonda,Control Union Certifications B.V.,Zwolle,The Netherlands;Amish Gosai,Textile Exchange,Bangalore,India;Ali Glcegn,IFOAM-Organics International,Bonn,Germany;Gunnar Gunnarsson,Vo

154、ttunarstofan Tn ehf.,Reykjavik,Iceland;Heidi Haavisto-Meier,Pro Luomu,Kauniainen,Finland;Dr.Abid Ali Hasan,Zakho Small Villages Projects ZSVP,Dohuk City,Dohuk,Iraq;Jan Heusser,Coop Fonds fr Nachhaltigkeit,Basel,Switzerland;Brendan J.Hoare,Organic Agriculture New Zealand OANZ,Auckland,New Zealand;Eld

155、a Hodi-Isovi,Ministry of Agriculture,Water Management and Forestry,Sarajevo,Bosnia and Herztegovina;DI Otto Hofer,Bundesministerium fr Nachhaltigkeit und Tourismus,Wien,Austria;Lee Holdstock,Soil Association,Bristol UK;Dr.Shaikh Tanveer Hossain,IFOAM Organics International Ambassador,Daishi Ekimae,J

156、apan;Andrea Hrabalov,CTPOA,Brno,Czech Republic;Acknowledgements 16 FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2022):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn Beate Huber,Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL,Frick,Switzerland;Silvan Hungerbhler,State Secretariat for Economic Affairs SECO,Bern,

157、Switzerland;Dang Huong,Vietnam Organic Agriculture Association VOAA,Vietnam;Xhona Hysa,IFOAM-Organics International,Bonn,Germany;Hakkyun Jeong,Korea Institute of Rural Social Affairs,Chungnam Province,Republic of Korea;Pedro Jess,Servicio Nacional de Sanidad Agraria(SENASA),Lima,Per;Mariam Jorjadze,

158、Elkana-Biological Farming Association,Akhaltsikhe,Georgia;Oleksandr Kaliberda,German-Ukrainian Cooperation in Organic Agriculture,Ukraine;Nurbek Kannazarov,Organic Farming Kyrgyzstan,Kyrgyzstan;Joelle Katto-Andrighetto,IFOAM-Organics International,Bonn,Germany;Laura Kemper,Research Institute of Orga

159、nic Agriculture FiBL,Frick,Switzerland;Liudmyla Khomichak,Ministry of Economy of Ukraine,Kyiv,Ukraine;Natalie Kleine-Herzbruch,FiBL Deutschland,Frankfurt,Germany;Lyubomyr Klepbach,Center for Environmental Solutions(CES),Minsk,Belarus;Barbara Kcher-Schulz,AMA-Marketing GesmbH AMA,Wien,Austria;Dr.Ryoi

160、chi Komiya,Organic Shizukuishi,Japan;Milana Kosanovic,Ecocert Balkan,Belgrad,Serbia;Danil Kotz,Ecocert South Africa,Stellenbosch,South Africa;Weena Krut-ngoen,ACT Certification-Organic Agriculture Certification Thailand,Nonthaburi,Thailand;Manoj Kumar Menon,International Competence Centre for Organi

161、c Agriculture ICCOA,Rajarajeshwarinagar,Bangalore,India;Eva Lacarce,Agence Bio,Montreuil-sous-Bois,France;Graciela Lacaze,Comisin Interamericana de Agricultura Orgnica(CIAO),Buenos Aires,Argentina;Maria Ladinig,IFOAM Organics Euope,Brussels,Belgium;Aura Lamminparras,Pro Luomu,Kauniainen,Finland;Prof

162、.Dr.Nicolas Lampkin,Thnen Institute,Braunschweig,Germany;Pedro A.Landa,Organizacin Internacional Agropecuaria(OIA),Buenos Aires,Argentina;Jos Luis Lara de la Cruz,Servicio Nacional de Sanidad,Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria(SENASICA),Ciudad de Mexico,Mexico;Toms Enrique Len-Sicard,Universidad Na

163、cional de Colombia,Sede Bogot,Bogot,Colombia;Julia Lernoud,Argentina;Laurent Liagre,Syndicat Malgache de lAgriculture Biologique,Madagascar;Tia Loftsgard,Canada Organic Trade Association,Ottawa,Canada;Pedro Lopez,PROVOTEC,Madrid,Spain;Anna Lubovedskaya,Union Organic Farming,Moscow,Russian Federation

164、;Virginija Luksiene,Ekoagros,Kaunas,Lithuania;Martin Lund,Statistics Denmark,Copenhagen,Denmark;Louise Luttikholt,IFOAM-Organics International,Bonn,Germany;Samia Maamer Belkhiria,Ministre de lAgriculture,des Ressources Hydrauliques et de la Pche,Tunis,Tunisia;Dr.Hossein Mahmoudi,Environmental Scienc

165、es Research Institute,Evin Shahid Beheshti University SBU,Velenjak,Evin,Tehran,Iran;Jos Fernando Maldonado Cestona,Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadera-Direccin General de Sanidad Vegetal(MAG-DGSV),San Salvador,El Salvador;John Manhire,The AgriBusiness Group,Lincoln,New Zealand;Karen Mapusua,Pacific

166、 Community,SPC,Suva,Fiji;Roberto Maresca,Controllo e Certificazione Prodotti Biologici CCPB,Bologna;Sandra Marquardt,Textile Exchange,Silverspring,Maryland,United States;Ayumi Matsuura,International Volunteers of Yamagata(IVY),Phnom Penh,Cambodia;Florentine Meinshausen,Research Institute of Organic

167、Agriculture FiBL,Frick,Switzerland;Virgnia Mendes Cipriano Lira,Ministerio de Agricultura,Pecuaria y Abastecimiento(MAPA),Brasilia,Brazil;Yenifer Mndez,Mayacert,Guatemala City,Guatemala;Cecilia Mendiola,Consorcio Agroecologico Peruano,Peru;Merit Mikk,Centre of Ecological Engineering-koloogiliste Teh

168、noloogiate Keskus,Tartu,Estonia;Jelena Milic,Ministry of Agriculture,Forestry and Water Economy,Belgrade,Republic of Acknowledgements FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2022):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn 17 Serbia;Eugene Milovanov,Organic Federation of Ukraine,Kyiv,Ukraine;Rodrigo

169、Misiac,Argencert,Buenos Aires,Argentina;Dr.Bram Moeskops,IFOAM Organics Euope,Brussels,Belgium;Carolin Mller,NASAA Certified Organic,Stirling,Australia;Karla Morales,Servicio Fitosanitario del Estado(SFE),San Jos,Costa Rica;Ing.Rubn Moscoso T.,Universidad de Buenos Aires(UBA),Buenos Aires,Argentina;

170、Flvia Moura e Castro,IFOAM-Organics International,Bonn,Germany;Dr.Mohammed Mutarad Aloun,Ministry of Climate Change and Environment of the United Arab Emirates,United Arab Emirates;Alex Mutungi,EOAI Secretariat-Biovision Africa Trust,Nairobi,Kenya;Sataoko Myoshi,Japan;Chariton Namuwoza,National Orga

171、nic Agricultural Movement of Uganda.-NOGAMU,Kampala,Uganda;Samuel Ndungu,Kenya Organic Agriculture Network KOAN,Nairobi,Kenya;Ramn Ernesto Noguera Garca,Instituto de Proteccion y Sanidad Agropecuaria(IPSA),Managua,Nicaragua;Deputy Minister Iryna Novikova,Ministry of Economy of Ukraine,Kyiv,Ukraine;F

172、atima Obaid Saeed,Ministry of Environment and Water of the United Arab Emirates,United Arab Emirates;Bernadette Oehen,Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL,Frick,Switzerland;Sharon Ong,Ecocert South-East Asia,Singapore;Prof.Dr Toshio Oyama,Rikkyo University,College of Economics,Tokyo,Japan;

173、Ing.Agr.Jhonny Pachaguaya Rodriguez,Servicio Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria e Inocuidad Alimentaria(SENASAG),Trinidad,Bolivia;Dr Susanne Padel,Thnen Institut,Bortfeld/Wendeburg;Amresh Pandey,Ecocert SA,Aurangabad,Maharashtra,India;Elena Panichi,European Commission,DG Agriculture and Rural Developm

174、ent,Brussels,Belgium;Vitoon Panyakul,Green Net,Bangkok,Thailand;Charlotte Pavageau,Biovision,Zrich,Switzerland;Ejvind Pedersen,Landbrug&Fdevarer,Copenhagen,Denmark;Martin Peter,State Secretariat for Economic Affairs SECO,Bern,Switzerland;Eliza Petrosyan-Sudzilovskaya,ECOGLOBE-Organic control and cer

175、tification body,Yerevan,Republic of Armenia;Diego Pinasco,Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria SENASA,Buenos Aires,Argentina;Roberto Pinton,Pinton Organic Consulting,Padova,Italy;Cecilia Ponce,Heifer International-Nutrition in Mountain Agroecosystems,Ecuador;Ritu Priya,OneCert Inte

176、rnational Pvt.Ltd,Jaipur,Rajasthan,India;Natalie Prokopchuk,SECO-FiBL-SAFOSO Swiss-Ukrainian Program“Higher Value Added Trade from the Organic and Dairy Sector in Ukraine”,Kyiv,Ukraine;Karol Przybylak,Redakcja BioKuriera,EKO MEDIA,Bydgoszcz,Poland;LI Qu,Xichong Organic Development&Innovation Center,

177、China;Andrijana Rakoevi,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development,Podgorica,Crna Gora/Montenegro;Brayne Ramanantsoa,Ecocert East Africa,Antananarivo,Madagascar;Ing.Agr.Juan Carlos Ramirez,Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria SENASA,Buenos Aires,Argentina;Hans Ramseier,Bio Suiss

178、e,Basel,Switzerland;Pia Reindl,AMA-Marketing GesmbH AMA,Wien,Austria;Michel Reynaud,Ecocert International,Office,LIsle Jourdain,France;Kurt Riedi,Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL,Frick,Switzerland;Nathalie Rison Alabert,Agence Bio,Montreuil-sous-Bois,France;No Rivera,Mayacert;Lauro Ant

179、onio Rivera Gramajo,Ministerio de Agricultura,Ganadera y Alimentacin(MAGA),Guatemala,Guatemala;Fermn Vicente Romero Houlstan,Direccin Nacional de Sanidad Vegetal;Ministerio de Desarrollo Agropecuario(MIDA),Panam,Repblica de Panam;Beth Rotha,Quality Certification Services(CS),Gainesville,Florida,US;M

180、onica Rubiolo,Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs,Bern,Switzerland;Cecilia Ryegrd,Ekoweb,Sweden;Olle Ryegrd,Ekoweb,Sweden;Ayman Saad Al-Ghamdi,Organic Agriculture Department,Saudi Arabia;Amarjit Sahota,Acknowledgements 18 FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2022):The World of Organic Agricult

181、ure.Frick and Bonn Ecovia Intelligence,London,United Kingdom;Dr.Toru Sakai,Akita Prefectural University,Japan;Sisigu Arsne Sanou,Ecocert Burkina Faso,Ougadougou,Burkina Faso;Diana Schaack,Agrarmarkt Informations-Gesellschaft mbH,Bonn,Germany;Aender Schanck,OIKOPOLIS Groupe,Munsbach,Luxembourg;Silvia

182、 Schmidt,IFOAM Organics Europe,Brussels,Belgium;Prof.Dr.Knut Schmidtke,Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL,Frick,Switzerland;Claudine Schmit,Administration des services techniques de lagriculture(ASTA),Luxembourg;Dr Bernhard Schulz,CERES-CERtification of Environmental Standards-GmbH,Happu

183、rg,Germany;Hana ejnohov,Institute of agricultural economics and information,Brno,Czech Republic;Anani Combe K.Selom,Association Nationale pour lAgriculture Biologique au Togo,Togo;Dheeraj Sharma,OneCert International Pvt.Ltd,Jaipur,Rajasthan,India;Elene Shatberashvili,Elkana-Biological Farming Assoc

184、iation,Akhaltsikhe,Georgia;Kateryna Shor,Information Center“Green Dossier”,Ukraine;Christoph Simpfendrfer,Biodynamic Federation Demeter International,Echterdingen,Germany;Anamarija Slabe,Institut za trajnostni razvoj,Lubljana,Slovenia;Nicolette van der Smissen,Consultant for Organic Production,Feres

185、,Greece;Dr.Francesco Solfanelli,Universit Politecnica Marche,Ancona,Italy;Marcela Stahil,Ministry of Agriculture,Regional Development and Environment of Moldova,Department for Organic Production and Products of Origin,Chiinu,Moldova;Franziska Staubli,Bioinspecta,Frick,Switzerland;Amelie Steu,IFOAM O

186、rganics Europe,Brussels,Belgium;Indro Surono,Indonesia Organic Alliance,Bogor,Indonesia;Glenn Tabiola,Department of Agriculture,Caraga Region,Philippines;Evonne Tan,Textile Exchange,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia;Dr.Yoko Taniguchi,Setsunan University,Neyagawa,Japan;J.Thomas,PDS Organic Spices,India;Ilse Timm

187、ermans,Departement Landbouw en Visserij,Brussels,Belgium;Bence Trugly,Hungarian Research Institute of Organic Agriculture(MKi),Budapest,Hungary;Liesl Truscott,Textile Exchange,Bath,United Kingdom;Emma Tsessue,Ecocert SAS,LIsle Jourdain,France;Kesang Tshomo,Ministry of Agriculture MOA,Thimphu,Bhutan;

188、Daava Tungalag,Ministry of Food Agriculture and Light industry of Mongolia,Ulaanbaatar,Mongolia;Tal Weil Tzameret,Ministry of Agriculture&Rural Development,Plant Protection&Inspection Services(PPIS),Israel;Ray Tzeng,Organic Center,National Ilan University(NIU),Yilan City,Taiwan;Edgardo Uychiat,Negro

189、s Island Sustainable Agriculture Research&Development,The Philippines;Gerber van Vliet,Ministre de lAgriculture,de la Viticulture et du Dveloppement rural,Coordination PAN-BIO,Luxembourg;Silvana Eugenia Vargas Winstanley,Social Responsibility,Peru;Jelena Vasiljevic,Ministry of Agriculture Serbia,Bel

190、grade,Serbia;Airi Vetemaa,Estonian Organic Farming Foundation EOFF,Tartu,Estonia;Venancia Wambua,EOAI Project Manager,Biovision Africa Trust,Nairobi,Kenya;Yungang Wang,Organic Food Development Center,China;Prof.Dr.Qiao Yuhui,China Agricultural University,Beijing,China;Valentyna Zaiets,Ministry of Ec

191、onomy of Ukraine,Kyiv,Ukraine;Prof.Dr.Raffaele Zanoli,Universit Politecnica delle Marche UNIVPM,Ancona;Diana Zeidan,Canada Organic Trade Association,Ottawa,Canada;Lisha Zheng,Ecocert China,Beijing,China;Vladyslav Zhmailo,IFOAM-Organics International,Bonn,Germany;Zejiang Zhou,IFOAM Asia,China;Dr.Dark

192、o Znaor,Independent Consultant,Zagreb,Croatia;Silvia Zucconi,Nomisma-Economic Research Institute,Bologna,Italy.Statistics Key Indicators FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2022):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn 19 Organic Agriculture:Key Indicators and Top Countries Indicator World Top

193、 countries Countries with organic activities1 2020:190 countries Organic agricultural land 2020:74.9 million hectares (1999:11 million hectares)Australia(35.7 million hectares)Argentina(4.5 million hectares)Uruguay(2.7 million hectares)Organic share of total agricultural land 2020:1.6%Liechtenstein(

194、41.6%)Austria(26.5%)Estonia(22.4%)Increase of organic agricultural land 2019/2020 3 million hectares(ha);+4.1%Argentina:781000 ha(+21%),Uruguay:589000 ha(+28%)India:359000 ha(+16%)Wild collection and further non-agricultural areas 2020:28.5 million hectares(ha)(1999:4.1 million hectares)Finland(5.5

195、million ha)Namibia(2.6 million ha)Zambia(2.5 million ha)Producers 2020:3.4 million producers (1999:200000 producers)India(1599010)Ethiopia(219566)Tanzania(148607)Organic market2 2020:120.6 billion euros(2000:15.1 billion euros)US(49.5 billion euros)Germany(15.0 billion euros)France(12.7 billion euro

196、s)Per capita consumption 2020:15.8 euros Switzerland(418 euros)Denmark(384 euros)Luxembourg(285 euros)Number of countries/territories with organic regulations 2020:76(fully implemented)Number of affiliates of IFOAM Organics International 2020:714 affiliates Germany:79 affiliates China:46 affiliates

197、USA:41 affiliates India:40 affiliates Source:FiBL survey 2022,based on national data sources,data from certifiers and IFOAM Organics International 1 Where the designation country appears in this book,it covers countries and territories,see UNSTAT website http:/unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regi

198、n.htm.2 Please note that there are some differences in organic food sales figures from Ecovia Intelligence and those from FiBL due to different methodologies.According to Ecovia Intelligence,global retail sales reached 129 billion US dollars in 2020(page 137).One euro corresponded to 1.1422 US dolla

199、rs in 2020 according to the European Central Bank.The World of Organic Agriculture 2022:Summary 20 FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2022):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn The World of Organic Agriculture 2022:Summary HELGA WILLER,1 CLAUDIA MEIER,2 BERNHARD SCHLATTER,3 LAUREN DIETEMAN

200、N,4 LAURA KEMPER5 AND JAN TRVNEK6 The latest available data on organic agriculture worldwide show that 2020 was another good year for global organic agriculture.According to the latest FiBL survey on organic agriculture worldwide,organic farmland and organic retail sales continued to grow and reache

201、d another all-time high,as shown by the data from 190 countries(data as of the end of 2020).Statistics on organic area and operators More than 74.9 million hectares of organic farmland In 2020,over 74.9 million hectares of organic agricultural land,including in-conversion areas,were recorded.Regions

202、 with the largest organic agricultural land areas are Oceania(35.9 million hectares almost half the worlds organic agricultural land)and Europe(17.1 million hectares,23 percent).Latin America had 9.9 million hectares(13.3 percent),followed by Asia(6.1 million hectares,8.2 percent),Northern America(3

203、.7 million hectares,5.0 percent)and Africa(2.1 million hectares,2.8 percent).Australia has the largest area Countries with the most organic agricultural land were Australia(35.7 million hectares),Argentina(4.5 million hectares)and Uruguay(2.7 million hectares).Globally,1.6 percent of the farmland is

204、 organic In 2020,1.6 percent of the worlds agricultural land was organic.The highest organic shares of the total agricultural land,by region,were in Oceania(9.7 percent)and in Europe(3.4 percent;European Union:9.2 percent).Liechtenstein had the highest organic share with 41.6 percent Some countries

205、reach far higher shares than the global share:Liechtenstein(41.6 percent)and Austria(26.5 percent)had the highest organic shares.In 18 countries,10 percent or more of the agricultural land was organic.1 Dr.Helga Willer,Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL,Frick,Switzerland,www.fibl.org 2 C

206、laudia Meier,Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL,Frick,Switzerland,www.fibl.org 3 Bernhard Schlatter,Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL,Frick,Switzerland,www.fibl.org 4 Lauren Dietemann,Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL,Frick,Switzerland,www.fibl.org 5 Laura Kempe

207、r,Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL,Frick,Switzerland,www.fibl.org 6 Jan Trvnek,Czech Organics,Star Msto,Czech Republic, The World of Organic Agriculture Summary FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2022):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn 21 Growth in organic farmland Increas

208、e of 3 million hectares(4.1 percent)Organic farmland increased by 3.0 million hectares(4.1 percent)in 2020.Many countries reported a significant increase;Chile,for instance,showed a 650 percent increase,or over 0.135 million hectares more(mainly due to an increase in organic grazing areas),and Papua

209、 New Guinea reported 322 percent more organic farmland(over 72000 hectares).In absolute terms,the biggest increases were in Argentina,Uruguay and India:in Argentina,organic farmland increased by 781000 hectares(+21.3 percent),in Uruguay by more than 589000 hectares(+27.9 percent)and in India by almo

210、st 359000 hectares(+15.6 percent).Increase of organic farmland in all regions In 2020,organic agricultural land increased in all continents(Table 6).The highest absolute growth was in Latin America(+19.9 percent,+1.7 million hectares),followed by Europe(+3.7 percent,+0.60 million hectares)and Asia(+

211、7.6 percent,+0.43 million hectares).Growth in most major crop groups Land use and crop details were available for over 92 percent of the organic agricultural land.Unfortunately,some countries with very large organic areas,such as Brazil and India,had little or no information on their land use(see pa

212、ge 75).Over two-thirds of the organic agricultural land was grassland/grazing areas(almost 51 million hectares),which increased by 4 percent in 2020.With more than 13.1 million hectares,arable land constituted 18 percent of organic agricultural land.An increase of 1.0 percent since 2019 was reported

213、.Most of this category of land was used for cereals,including rice,followed by green fodder from arable land,oilseeds,dry pulses and textile crops.Permanent crops accounted for seven percent of the organic agricultural land,amounting to over 5.2 million hectares.Compared to the previous survey,an in

214、crease of more than 712000 hectares,or 15.7 percent,was reported.The most important crops were olives,nuts,coffee,grapes and cocoa(see page 71).Further organic areas Apart from land dedicated to organic agriculture,there are further areas of organic land dedicated to other activities.The largest par

215、ts of these are wild collection areas and beekeeping areas.Further non-agricultural areas include aquaculture,forests,and grazing areas on non-agricultural land.These areas totalled 30 million hectares,and all the organic areas together summed up to 104.9 million hectares.The World of Organic Agricu

216、lture 2022:Summary 22 FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2022):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn Organic producers on the rise 3.4 million producers in 2020 There were at least 3.4 million organic producers in 2020.1 Fifty-six percent of the worlds organic producers are in Asia,followed

217、 by Africa(24 percent),Europe(12 percent)and Latin America(8 percent).The countries with the most producers are India(1599010),Ethiopia(219566)and Tanzania(148607)(page 59).There has been an increase in the number of producers of almost 239000,or 7.6 percent,compared to 2019.For more information,see

218、 page 57.Organic cotton Like in past years,data on organic cotton area and production were provided by the Textile Exchange.The year 2020 was a record-breaking season with the biggest-ever harvest of organic cotton.This follows three years of strong growth:31 percent in 2018/19.Organic cotton accoun

219、ted for almost one percent of global cotton production in 2019/20,up from 0.5 percent in 2016/17(see the article by the Textile Exchange on page 128).Demeter statistics In February 2020,Demeter-International and the International Biodynamic Association(IBDA)joined forces to form the Biodynamic Feder

220、ation Demeter International.This new international umbrella organisation unites all Biodynamic and Demeter organisations worldwide.There are more than 7000 Demeter farmers with almost 227000 hectares in 62 countries(2021).For more information,see the article by Simpfendrfer and Fischer,page 133).Glo

221、bal market and EU organic imports Global market reached more than 120 billion euros Organic food and drink sales reached more than 120 billion euros,according to FiBL(page 64)2,3in 2020.In 2020,the countries with the largest organic markets were the United States(49.5 billion euros),Germany(15.0 bil

222、lion euros)and France(12.7 billion euros).The largest single market was the United States(41 percent of the global market),followed by the European Union(44.8 billion euros,37 percent)and China(10.2 billion euros,8.5 percent).Switzerland had the highest per-capita consumption in 2020,with 418 euros.

223、The highest organic market shares were reached in Denmark(13.0 percent),Austria(11.3 percent)and Switzerland(10.8 percent)(see the chapter on the FiBL survey on the global market,page 64).1 Please note that some countries report only the numbers of companies,projects,or grower groups,which may each

224、comprise a number of individual producers.It may be assumed that the total number of organic producers is higher than that reported here.2 Please note that there are some differences in organic food sales figures from Ecovia Intelligence and those from FiBL due to different methodologies.According t

225、o Ecovia Intelligence,global retail sales reached over 129 billion U.S.dollars in 2020.3 One euro corresponded to 1.1422 U.S.dollars in 2020 according to the European Central Bank.The World of Organic Agriculture Summary FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2022):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick

226、and Bonn 23 Effect of the pandemic on the global organic market The COVID-19 pandemic continues to change how people live and eat as it continues into its third year,writes Sahota(page 140).Health and wellness issues concern consumers focusing on disease avoidance and building personal immunity.Dema

227、nd for organic foods has surged since the pandemic began in spring 2020.Healthy growth is expected to continue in the coming years as consumers associate organic foods with good health,nutrition and wellness.However,there are many challenges ahead.Supply chain issues are expected to continue,whilst

228、competition will come from sustainability standards and eco-labelled products.There are also concerns about adequate supply and regulations.For more insight into the global organic market,see the chapter by Sahota on page 140.EU organic imports While the growth of the EU organic agri-food products m

229、arket continued,imports of organic agri-food products decreased slightly between 2019 and 2020.In 2020,2.79 million metric tons(MT)of organic agri-food products were imported,representing a 1.9 percent decrease compared to the 2.85 million MT imported in 2019.A detailed look at the product categorie

230、s shows that increased imports of organic tropical fruit and rice were outweighed by lower imports of other cereals,oilcake and sugar.The ranking of the main trading partners also changed,with China and Ukraine losing their top spots to Ecuador and Dominican Republic.The main importing EU Member Sta

231、tes in 2020 were the Netherlands,Germany and Belgium.For more information,see the summary of the European Commissions market brief on organic imports into the European Union in 2020(page 146).Organic regulations Regarding regulations,according to the latest data collected by IFOAM-Organics Internati

232、onal,in 2021,76 countries have fully implemented regulations on organic agriculture.Twenty countries have organic regulations that are not fully implemented,and 13 are drafting legislation.Countries going through significant revisions include the European Union and New Zealand.Some Latin American co

233、untries are also proposing amendments to their organic regulations.Revisions of regulations occurred in the European Union,New Zealand and Peru,and some equivalence agreements were revised.(See article by Hysa et al.on page 158).Policies for organic farming Many countries are setting up policies fos

234、tering agroecology and organic agriculture.In Hysa et al.s article(page 158),examples from countries all over the world are shown,such as Burkina Faso,Madagascar,Togo and Uganda in Africa;Bhutan,India,Nepal,Sri Lanka and The Philippines in Asia;Nicaragua and Peru in Latin America.Participatory Guara

235、ntee Systems in 2021 IFOAM-Organics International is the only organisation collecting data about Participatory Guarantee Systems(PGS)on a global level.During 2020 and 2021,many PGS initiatives were affected by the measures restricting contact and physical The World of Organic Agriculture 2022:Summar

236、y 24 FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2022):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn interaction.These measures were adopted around the globe due to the COVID-19 pandemic.Regular meetings and peer reviews could not be carried out as planned at least not for all their members.In 2021,242 PGS

237、initiatives were active in 78 countries,with at least 1244239 producers involved and 1205050 producers certified.These producers are estimated to manage 915997 hectares of land.The overall increasing trend observed in past years was maintained in 2021 in all regions except Europe and North America,w

238、here the figures remained stable,and Oceania,which reported significant changes from previous years.More information,including PGS developments in the regions,is available in the article from Anselmi and Moura e Castro(page 170).Agroecology and Organic Agriculture at the UN Food Systems Summit 2021

239、In October 2019,the Secretary-General of the United Nations(UN)announced a Food Systems Summit(UNFSS)in 2021 with the aim of maximising the benefits of a food systems approach across the entire 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,meeting the challenges of climate change,making food systems inclu

240、sive and supporting sustainable peace.This announcement marked the start of a global policy and consultative process,culminating in a presummit in July and the summit in September 2021.According to Figeczky et al.(page 178),the most tangible result of the efforts to mainstream agroecology in the UNF

241、SS is probably the creation of a Coalition for the Transformation of Food Systems through Agroecology and Regenerative Agriculture with a mandate to ensure that agroecology and organic agriculture are seen as progressive and pioneering within the UNFSS and in any subsequent process.Organic in the Co

242、ntinents Africa There were more than 2 million hectares of certified organic agricultural land in Africa in 2020.Africa reported 149000 hectares more than in 2019,a 7.7 percent increase,and nearly 834000 producers.Tunisia was the country with the largest organic area(more than 290000 hectares in 202

243、0),and Ethiopia had the largest number of organic producers(almost 220000).The country with the highest percentage of land devoted to organic farming in the region was the island state of So Tom and Prncipe,with 20.7 percent of its agricultural area dedicated to organic crops.The majority of certifi

244、ed organic products in Africa are destined for export markets.Key crops are nuts,olives,coffee,cocoa,oilseeds and cotton(see page 192).Five countries in Africa have legislation on organic agriculture,and five countries are drafting legislation.Six countries have a national standard but lack legislat

245、ion on the definition of organic farming(East African Organic Product Standard)(See article by Hysa et al.on page 158).Africa saw many important developments in 2021.The Ecological Organic Agriculture Initiative(EOA-I)continued to reach out to smallholder farmers.About 1.76 million of them were prov

246、ided with information and communication materials to enhance their knowledge on adopting organic farming practices.The Knowledge Centre for Organic Agriculture in Africa(KCOA)provided support for organic agriculture in all parts of The World of Organic Agriculture Summary FiBL&IFOAM Organics Interna

247、tional(2022):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn 25 Africa through knowledge management,dissemination and capacity building and market systems development.Organic certification in Africa has gained leverage through a Memorandum of Understanding between the EOA-I Continental Secretariat a

248、nd the African Organization for Standardization.This memorandum aimed at developing a common continental standard.Preparations for the 5th African Organic Conference have started.This conference will take place in 2022 in Kigali,Rwanda,and is organised by the organic movement in close collaboration

249、with Afronet,the African Organic Network.For more updates about Africa,see the contribution by Amudavi et al.on page 182.Asia The total area dedicated to organic agriculture in Asia was more than 6.1 million hectares in 2020.There were nearly two million producers,most of whom were in India.The lead

250、ing countries by area were India(2.7 million hectares)and China(over 2.4 million hectares).Timor-Leste had the highest proportion of organic agricultural land(8.5 percent).(For detailed statistics,see page 192).Twenty countries in the region have legislation on organic agriculture,and six countries

251、are drafting legislation(See article by Hysa et al.on page 158).In Asia,the organic sector continued to develop rapidly.Partly due to COVID-19,consumer awareness of safe,local,and organic food increased,with many countries reporting increasing sales for organic products.Many countries in Asia formul

252、ated policies and strengthened existing laws to further organic agricultures development.While COVID-19 positively affected the market in most countries,inspection bodies were negatively affected,having to carry out online inspections and postpone the validity of certificates under the pandemic.For

253、details,see the contribution by Hossein et al.on page 202.IFOAM-Organics Asia continued being very active.The Asian Organic Youth Forum organised the Peoples Food Summit(for the Eastern and Southeast Asian region)on October 16,2021:a 24-hour global event initiated by Regeneration International and i

254、ts partners.The 7th Summit of the Asian Local Governments for Organic Agriculture(ALGOA)was held as a hybrid event in October 2021 with participants from over 38 countries and areas.Despite significant challenges due to the pandemic,the 4th Organic Asia Congress was virtually held in Jakarta,Indones

255、ia,in November under the theme“Asia Go Organic for a Healthier Planet!”.More information can be found in the chapter by Hossain et al.,page 202.Europe As of the end of 2020,17.1 million hectares of agricultural land in Europe(European Union:14.9 million hectares)were managed organically by almost 42

256、0000 producers(European Union:almost 350000).In Europe,3.4 percent of the agricultural area was organic(European Union:9.2 percent).Organic farmland has increased by over 0.7 million hectares compared to 2019.The countries with the largest organic agricultural areas were France(2.5 million hectares)

257、,Spain(2.4 million hectares)and Italy(2.1 million hectares).In 15 countries,at least 10 percent of the farmland was organic:Liechtenstein had the lead(41.6 percent),followed by Austria(26.5 percent)and Estonia The World of Organic Agriculture 2022:Summary 26 FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2022):T

258、he World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn (22.4 percent).Retail sales of organic products totalled 52 billion euros in 2020(European Union:44.8 billion euros),an increase of 15 percent since 2019.The largest market for organic products in 2020 was Germany,with retail sales of 15.0 billion euros

259、,followed by France(12.7 billion euros)and Italy(3.9 billion euros)(See the article by Trvnek et al.,page 235).In Europe,46 countries have legislation on organic agriculture.(See article by Hysa et al.on page 158).Like 2020,the year 2021,with the continuing COVID-19 crisis,was again a special year f

260、or the European organic sector.The consolidated data for 2020 show particularly strong retail sales growth,which were in the double digits in several countries.The new European Union organic regulation was initially set to apply from 01 January 2021,but due to many reasons,including the COVID-19 pan

261、demic,its application was postponed by one year to January 2022.Changes from the previous regulations concern production and food processing,control and certification,and international trade and imports.The new regulations on the European Unions Common Agricultural Policy(CAP)were adopted in Novembe

262、r 2021.For IFOAM Organics Europe,it is essential that the implementation of the CAP fully contributes to the European Unions Green Deal,which includes the“Farm to Fork Strategy”and the goal of reaching an organic area share of 25 percent by 2030(see contribution by Busacca et al.on page 225).Latin A

263、merica and the Caribbean In Latin America,over 270000 producers managed over 9.9 million hectares of agricultural land organically in 2020.This constituted 13.3 percent of the worlds organic land and 1.4 percent of the regions agricultural land.The leading countries were Argentina(4.4 million hectar

264、es),Uruguay(2.7 million hectares)and Brazil(1.3 million hectares).The highest organic shares of total agricultural land were in Uruguay(19.6 percent),French Guiana(11.3 percent)and the Dominican Republic(4.8 percent).Many Latin American countries remain important exporters of organic products such a

265、s coffee,cocoa and bananas.In Argentina and Uruguay,temperate fruit and meat are key export commodities.Nineteen countries in the region have legislation on organic agriculture,and two countries are drafting such legislation(Hysa et al.on page 158).Brazil has the largest market for organic products

266、in Latin America.Latin America,especially Peru,was badly hit by the pandemic.A reflection on the effects of the pandemic shows the need for governments,the private sector,producer organisations and community institutions to take a long-term view.It also reveals the necessity of enhancing these group

267、s capacities to better respond to multiple threats and systemic risks,to make decisions and to provide services to build inclusive value chains that create employment.In Peru,major developments included the GMO moratorium and the launch of the guidelines for the second agrarian reform as a governmen

268、t policy aimed at generating added value in agriculture,productive transformation of the countryside,and development of irrigation infrastructure and technological innovation.For more information,see the chapter by Flores on page 272.The World of Organic Agriculture Summary FiBL&IFOAM Organics Inter

269、national(2022):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn 27 Northern America In Northern America,over 3.7 million hectares of farmland were managed organically in 2020.Of these,2.3 million were in the United States and 1.4 million in Canada,representing 0.8 percent of the total agricultural ar

270、ea in the region(see page 284).United States US organic food sales soared to a new high in 2020,jumping to 56.5 billion US dollars(49.5 billion euros).With the pandemic ongoing in 2021,many consumers have continued preparing more meals at home,and some consumers were more willing to spend greater am

271、ounts on healthier ingredients and increase organic food purchases.With the continuation of the pandemic,sales growth was limited by supply chain challenges,affecting producers,distributors,retailers and brands.Also,packaging was in short supply,as were workers and drivers transporting products.In e

272、arly 2021,President Biden and Vice President Harris were sworn into office.The Organic Trade Association(OTA)released a memo to the transition team at USDA and the White House,outlining key priorities and immediate actions the new administration should take to support organic:For more information ab

273、out the US developments,see the contribution by Haumann on page 284.Canada The Canadian organic sector experienced disruptions in 2020 as the growing seasons beginning collided with the national lockdown,causing global disruptions.Despite the obstacles,organic acreage increased by 19 percent to more

274、 than 3.5 million acres or almost 1.5 million hectares.Organic food and beverage sales in 2020 topped 6.5 billion Canadian dollars(4.3 billion euros),about 33 percent higher than in 2017.Canada continues to be a net importer of organics globally,but exports have stagnated in recent years,with 2020 d

275、ata showing organic exports at more than 600 million Canadian dollars.Organic equivalency arrangements continue to provide market access for importers and exporters.In 2020,Canada signed new equivalency arrangements with Taiwan and the United Kingdom,expanded the scope of the Japan arrangement,and c

276、ontinued discussions with Mexico and South Korea.More updates about Canada are available from Loftsgard on page 289.Oceania This region includes Australia,New Zealand and the Pacific Islands states.Altogether,there were over 16000 producers on 35.9 million hectares,constituting 9.7 percent of the re

277、gions agricultural land and half the worlds organic land.More than 99 percent of the organic land in the region is in Australia(35.7 million hectares,mostly extensive grazing land),followed by New Zealand(over 79000 hectares)and Papua New Guinea(over 72000 hectares).The highest organic shares of all

278、 national agricultural land were in Samoa(14.5 percent),followed by Australia(9.9 percent),Papua New Guinea(6.1 percent),Fiji(4.5 percent),French Polynesia(3.4 percent)and Tonga(3.2 percent).Four countries in Oceania have legislation on organic agriculture,and twelve countries have The World of Orga

279、nic Agriculture 2022:Summary 28 FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2022):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn a national standard but no organic legislation.For statistics about organic in Oceania,see page 308.Australia Amid the pandemics global trade impacts,Australian organic exporters r

280、eached 62 international markets during 2020.Despite current regulatory barriers,economic fluctuations and changing climatic conditions,the Australian organic market delivers 7.9 percent market growth per annum;retail sales were at 2354million Canadian dollars (1422 million euros)in 2020.Consumers sp

281、ending habits changed dramatically,and larger businesses saw strong growth in their segments on the order of 10 to 20 percent per year.Details about developments in Australia can be found in the chapter by Ford on page 298.Pacific Islands In the Pacific Islands,COVID-19,including supply chain disrup

282、tions,restrictions on mobility and border closures,has substantially impacted organic farmers,supply chains and certification across the Pacific Islands.Audit and inspections have been severely impacted,as few countries have nationally based inspectors;they fly in from neighbouring regions.While som

283、e licensees have been able to undertake virtual audits,it has meant that no new farms or licensees have been able to take up certification.Inter-island supply chain logistics have been significantly affected during lockdown periods,and some farmers were unable to access inputs.Domestic sales have dr

284、opped dramatically due to the lack of tourists,while regional and international sales have diminished due to border closures.However,governments continue to create a supportive policy environment,and the demand for certification continues.For more information about recent developments in the Pacific

285、 Islands,see the chapter by Mapusua on page 304.Retrospective and Outlook The year 2021 saw several important events for the organic sector:the Organic World Congress,the United Nations Food Systems Summit and the Climate Change Conference in Glasgow.In 2022,IFOAM-Organics International will build o

286、n these achievements on both a global and regional level,supporting policy decision-makers as well as farmer groups and media multipliers to do the right thing.This important work will herald the Year of Organics,as 2022 will see IFOAM-Organics International turn 50,the International Organic Accredi

287、tation Services(IOAS)25,IFOAM Organics Europe 20,and IFOAM Organics Asia 10 years old.“We look forward to celebrating these joyful events with you and the whole organic movement and will use the opportunity to invite even more partners to join us.Together,we are part of the solution!”writes Louise L

288、uttikholt,executive director of IFOAM-Organics International(page 314).The World of Organic Agriculture Summary FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2022):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn 29 Next FiBL Survey on Organic Agriculture Worldwide The next global organic survey will start in mi

289、d-2022;data will be published in February 2023 and presented at the Biofach Organic Trade Fair in Nuremberg,Germany.We will contact all relevant experts and would be very grateful if data could be sent to us.Should you notice any errors regarding the statistical data in this volume,please let us kno

290、w;we will then correct the information in our database and provide the corrected data in the 2023 edition of“The World of Organic Agriculture”.Corrections will also be posted on www.organic-.Contact:helga.willerfibl.org 30 FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2022):The World of Organic Agriculture.Fric

291、k and Bonn Infographic 1:Organic agriculture worldwide-key indicators 2020 Source:FiBL survey 2022 FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2022):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn 31 Organic Agriculture Worldwide:Current Statistics Map 1:Organic agricultural land in 2020 Source:FiBL survey 20

292、22 Statistics Introduction 32 FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2022):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn Current Statistics on Organic Agriculture Worldwide:Area,Operators and Market BERNHARD SCHLATTER,1 JAN TRVNEK,2 CLAUDIA MEIER AND HELGA WILLER3 Introduction The 23rd survey of certif

293、ied organic agriculture worldwide was carried out by the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL in collaboration with many partners from around the world.The results are published jointly with IFOAM Organics International.The survey was supported by the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic A

294、ffairs(SECO),the Sustainability Fund of Coop Switzerland,4 and NrnbergMesse.5 Data providers In total,data were provided by more than 200 experts.Governments,private sector organizations,certifiers and market research companies have contributed to the data collection effort.Several international cer

295、tifiers deserve special mention as they provided data on several countries:ACO Certification,BioInspecta,CCPB,CERES,Certisys,Control Union,Ecocert,Mayacert,Ecoglobe,Ekoagros,ICEA,Imocert,Kiwa BCS Oko-Garantie GmbH,LACON,LETIS,NASAA Certified Organic(NCO),Organic Agriculture Certification Thailand(AC

296、T),Organizacin Internacional Agropecuaria(OIA),OneCert and Quality Certification Services(QCS).Our collaboration with the Inter-American Commission for Organic Agriculture(CIAO)eased data collection in Latin America and the Caribbean substantially.Data from the Mediterranean countries were supplied

297、by the Mediterranean Organic Agriculture Network(MOAN,c/o Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari).Data from the Pacific Islands were provided by the Pacific Organic and Ethical Trade Community(POET.com).Another important source covering many countries is Eurostat.A list of all data sources and co

298、ntacts is provided in the annex.Countries covered Data from 190 countries/territories were available,including area,producers and other operators,production,retail sales,international trade,livestock and further indicators.Updated data was not available for all countries/territories.For the countrie

299、s/territories 1 Bernhard Schlatter,Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL,Frick,Switzerland,www.fibl.org 2 Jan Trvnek,Czech Organics,Star Msto,Czech Republic, 3 Dr.Helga Willer,Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL,Frick,Switzerland,www.fibl.org 4 Since 2019,the data collection on o

300、rganic agriculture has been supported by the Sustainability Fund of Coop Switzerland.5 The organisers of BIOFACH,the World Organic Trade Fair in Nuremberg,Germany(today:NrnbergMesse),have supported data collection on organic agriculture worldwide and the production of the yearbook“The World of Organ

301、ic Agriculture”since 2000.Statistics Introduction FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2022):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn 33 for which FiBL compiles the data among(often several)certifiers,not all of them provided updated data in all cases.When no new data was available,data from the

302、 previous survey were used.Table 1:Countries and territories covered by the global survey on organic agriculture 2020 Region Countries/territories*with data on organic agriculture Total per region1 Share that provided data(%)Africa 48 60 80 Asia 43 50 86 Europe 48 52 92 Latin America and the Caribbe

303、an 36 52 69 Northern America 3 5 60 Oceania 12 29 41 World 190 249 76 Source:FiBL survey 2022*Where the designation country appears in this book,it covers countries or territories;see UNSTAT website.2 Indicators covered Data on the following indicators were collected:organic area and production incl

304、uding breakdown by crop;livestock numbers;production data(volumes and values);producers and further operator types;domestic market data(total retail sales and food service sales values and volumes,per capita consumption,share of the total market,and breakdown by product);international trade data(tot

305、al import and export values and volumes,and breakdown by product).Not all data that was collected is published in this book(e.g.,production,livestock numbers,breakdown by product for the domestic market and international trade data)because it was not possible to draw a complete global picture for th

306、ese indicators.More information about the data collection and analysis process is available in our metadata,which can be found on Organic Eprints https:/orgprints.org/36848/.Challenges with the 2021and 2022 survey With the 2021 and 2022 surveys,we experienced a number of challenges:We had data in ou

307、r database,for which we had not received updates or confirmation for several years.We decided not to continue using some of this data 1 Number of countries and areas are mostly based on countries as listed in the FAO database at http:/www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/RL as well as some additional countr

308、ies such as Kosovo.2 For more information on countries,territories and regions see the UNSTAT website at http:/unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49.htm.Statistics Introduction 34 FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2022):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn after a certain point of time(e.g.

309、from 2015 onwards),which resulted in a substantial drop in area and producers for some countries.We revised some of the crop data for some countries,as the data seemed implausible.We received some major data revisions for some countries,sometimes resulting in a drop of area and producers or change o

310、f crop data compared to what we had communicated previously.More information on statistics.fibl.org Interactive tables and graphs with more details on crops,markets,and international trade,as well as explanations for certain data,can be found on FiBLs statistics website statistics.fibl.org.Contact:E

311、nquiries related to the data should be sent to Helga Willer,Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL,Frick,Switzerland,e-mail helga.willerfibl.org.Statistics General Notes FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2022):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn 35 General notes on the data Area:

312、Data represents certified organic land that is already fully converted as well as land under conversion because many data sources do not separate or include the latter(for instance,Austria,Germany and Switzerland)and because land under conversion is under organic management.For a definition of organ

313、ic agriculture,see the IFOAM Organics International website.1 Area share of total agricultural land:In some cases,the calculation of the organic share of the total agricultural land or that of individual crops,which in most cases is based on FAOSTAT and in some cases the Eurostat data,might differ f

314、rom the organic shares obtained from ministries or local experts.Producer data:Some countries report the number of smallholders,while others report only the number of companies,projects,or grower groups,which may each comprise several producers.This applies in particular to many African countries.Th

315、e number of producers is,therefore,probably higher than the number communicated in this report.Market data:It should be noted that for market and trade data,comparing country statistics remains very problematic due to differing methods of data collection.Furthermore,for market and trade values fluct

316、uating exchange rates must be kept in mind.PGS:For some countries,areas certified by Participatory Guarantee Systems(PGS)have been included as the data providers did not make the distinction between third-party and PGS certification.(For more information about PGS,see the article by Anselmi and Mour

317、a e Castro et al.on page 170.Country definitions:For countries and territories,the FAO country list is used.Where the designation country appears in this report,it covers countries or territories.In most cases,countries are groups by region according to the Standard Country and Area Classifications

318、as defined by the United Nations Statistics Division.Sources:Data was gathered from private sector organizations,governments,and certification bodies.For detailed information on the data sources,please check the annex at the end of this volume(page 322).Direct year-to-year comparison:A direct year-t

319、o-year comparison is not possible for all data,as the data sources may change,data may not be provided on an annual basis,data may have been revised or corrected due to improved data access,or exchange rates might change from year to year.Completeness of data:For some countries,either no current dat

320、a were available,or the data provided may not be complete.For others,no data were available.It may,therefore,be assumed that the extent of organic agriculture is larger than documented in this publication.Data revisions:Data revisions and corrections are communicated at statistics.fibl.org.Metadata:

321、Metadata for the FiBL survey on organic agriculture worldwide are available on Organic Eprints at https:/orgprints.org/36848.1 The definition of organic agriculture is available at the website of IFOAM Organics International www.ifoam.bio/en/organic-landmarks/definition-organic-agriculture 36 FiBL&I

322、FOAM Organics International(2022):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn Infographic 2:Organic farmland 2020 Source:FiBL survey 2022 Statistics Organic Agricultural Land FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2022):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn 37 Organic land Organic agricultu

323、ral land In 2020,74.9 million hectares were under organic agricultural management worldwide.1 The region with the most organic agricultural land is Oceania,with 35.9 million hectares,followed by Europe with 17.1 million hectares,Latin America(9.9 million hectares),Asia(6.1 million hectares),Northern

324、 America(3.7 million hectares)and Africa(2.2 million hectares).Oceania has almost half of the global organic agricultural land.Europe,a region that has had a very constant growth of organic land over the years,has almost 23 percent of the worlds organic agricultural land,followed by Latin America wi

325、th 13 percent(Figure 1,page 38).Australia is the country with the most organic agricultural land(increase by+200 percent in the 2011-2020 decade);it is estimated that 97 percent of the farmland is extensive grazing areas.Argentina is second,followed by Uruguay in third place(Figure 2,page 38).The te

326、n countries with the largest organic agricultural areas have a combined total of 59.1 million hectares and constitute almost 80 percent of the worlds organic agricultural land.Apart from the organic agricultural land,there are further organic areas such as wild collection areas.These areas constitut

327、e approximately 30 million hectares.Table 2:World:Organic agricultural land(including in-conversion areas)and regions shares of the global organic agricultural land 2020 Region Organic agricultural land hectares Regions shares of the global organic agricultural land Africa 2086859 2.8%Asia 6146235 8

328、.2%Europe 17098134 22.8%Latin America 9949461 13.3%Northern America 3744163 5.0%Oceania 35908876 47.9%World*74926006 100%Source:FiBL survey 2022.Note:Agricultural land includes in-conversion areas and excludes wild collection,aquaculture,forest,and non-agricultural grazing areas.*Includes correction

329、 value for French overseas departments.1 Data provided both for the fully converted and in conversion area are included in this work.However,some countries provided only data on the fully converted area,others only on the total organic agricultural land,and thus the conversion area is not known for

330、many countries.Statistics Organic Agricultural Land 38 FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2022):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn Figure 1:World:Distribution of organic agricultural land by region 2020 Source:FiBL survey 2022,based on information from the private sector,certifiers,and g

331、overnments.For detailed data sources,see annex,page 322 Figure 2:World:The ten countries with the largest areas of organic agricultural land 2020 Source:FiBL survey 2022,based on information from the private sector,certifiers,and governments.For detailed data sources,see annex,page 322Statistics Org

332、anic Agricultural Land FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2022):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn 39 Table 3:World:Organic agricultural land(including in-conversion areas)by country/territory 2020(sorted)For an alphabetical country list,see page 52.Country/Territory Hectares Australia 3

333、5687799 Argentina 4453639 Uruguay 2742368 India 2657889 France 2548677 Spain 2437891 China 2435000 United States of America 2326551 Italy 2095380 Germany 1702240 Canada 1417612 Brazil 1319454 Austria 679872 Russian Federation 615188 Sweden 613964 Czech Republic 539532 Greece 534629 Poland 507637 United Kingdom 473500 Romania 468887 Ukraine 462225 Turkey 382639 Peru 342701 Portugal 319540 Finland 3