1、Supported bythe world oforganic agricultureAFRICA 2 MILLION HASTATISTICS&EMERGING TRENDS 2020 NORTH AMERICA 3.3 MILLION HAOCEANIA 36 MILLION HALATIN AMERICA 8 MILLION HAASIA 6.5 MILLION HAEUROPE 15.6 MILLION HAFiBL&IFOAM ORGANICS INTERNATIONALFrom its Rootsorganic inspires life.SAVE THE DATES21-22 S

2、EPTEMBER22 SEPTEMBER23-25 SEPTEMBER26-27 SEPTEMBERPRE-CONFERENCESOPENING CEREMONY(IN THE EVENING)CONFERENCESTOURS AND VISITS/GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF IFOAM-ORGANICS INTERNATIONAL(FOR MEMBERS ONLY)FRANCESEPTEMBER 21st TO 27th 2020 IN RENNES?CONFERENCE CENTRE 90 minutes from Paris#OWC2020 CONGRS MONDIAL BI

3、O 2020 IFOAM ORGANIC WORLD CONGRESS 2020contactowc.bio|www.owc.ifoam.bio/20202020Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL IFOAM Organics International The World of Organic Agriculture Statistics and Emerging Trends 2020 Edited by Helga Willer,Bernhard Schlatter,Jan Trvn?ek,Laura Kemper and Jul

4、ia Lernoud For the PDF version,corrigenda,supplementary material see http:/www.organic- of the statements and results contained in this book have been compiled by the authors and are to the best of their knowledge correct and have been checked by the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture(FiBL)an

5、d IFOAM Organics International.However,the possibility of mistakes cannot be ruled out entirely.Therefore,the editors,authors,and publishers are not subject to any obligation and make no guarantees whatsoever regarding any of the statements or results in this work;neither do they accept responsibili

6、ty or liability for any possible mistakes,nor for any consequences of actions taken by readers based on statements or advice contained therein.Authors are responsible for the content of their articles.Their opinions do not necessarily express the views of FiBL or IFOAM Organics International.This do

7、cument has been produced with the support of the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs(SECO),the International Trade Centre(ITC),the Sustainability Fund of Coop Switzerland(Coop Fonds fr Nachhaltigkeit),and NrnbergMesse.The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official

8、 opinions of SECO,ITC,Coop Switzerland,or NrnbergMesse.Should corrections and updates become necessary,they will be published at www.organic-.This book is available for download at http:/www.organic- inquiries regarding this book and its contents should be sent to Helga Willer,FiBL,Ackerstrasse 113,

9、5070 Frick,Switzerland,e-mail helga.willerfibl.org.Please quote articles from this book individually with name(s)of author(s)and title of article.The same applies to the tables:Please quote source,title of table and then the overall report.The whole report should be cited as:Willer,Helga,Bernhard Sc

10、hlatter,Jan Trvn?ek,Laura Kemper and Julia Lernoud(Eds.)(2020):The World of Organic Agriculture.Statistics and Emerging Trends 2020.Research Institute of Organic Agriculture(FiBL),Frick,and IFOAM Organics International,Bonn.Die Deutsche Bibliothek CIP Cataloguing-in-Publication-Data A catalogue reco

11、rd for this publication is available from Die Deutsche Bibliothek February 2020.Research Institute of Organic Agriculture(FiBL)and IFOAM Organics International.Research Institute of Organic Agriculture(FiBL),Ackerstrasse113,5070 Frick,Switzerland,Tel.+41 62 865 72 72,Fax+41 62 865 72 73,e-mail info.

12、suissefibl.org,Internet www.fibl.org IFOAM Organics International,Charles-de-Gaulle-Str.5,53113 Bonn,Germany,Tel.+49 228 926 50-10,Fax+49 228 926 50-99,e-mail contactifoam.bio,Internet www.ifoam.bio,Trial Court Bonn,Association Register no.8726 Language editing:Laura Kemper,FiBL,Frick,Switzerland Co

13、ver:Simone Bissig,FiBL,Frick,Switzerland Layout:Jan Trvn?ek,Bernhard Schlatter,Helga Willer,FiBL,Frick,Switzerland Maps:Jan Trvn?ek,FiBL,Frick,Switzerland Graphs(if not otherwise stated):Jan Trvn?ek,Bernhard Schlatter and Helga Willer,FiBL,Frick,Switzerland Infographics:Kurt Riedi,FiBL,Frick,Switzer

14、land Cover picture:Organic tea garden in China.Picture:Jinghong Yu.The president of Organic Tea Farmers Association of Xitou Township,Wuyuan County,Jiangxi Province China Printed by Medienhaus Plump,Rolandsecker Weg 33,53619 Rheinbreitbach,Germany Price:30 Euros,IFOAM Organics International affiliat

15、es:20 Euros Printed copies of this volume may be ordered directly from IFOAM Organics International and FiBL(see addresses above)or via the FiBL shop at shop.fibl.org ISBN Printed version 978-3-03736-158-0 ISBN PDF version 978-3-03736-159-7?Table of Contents FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2020):T

16、he World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn3 Table of Contents Glossary 10 Foreword from SECO and ITC 11 Foreword from FiBL and IFOAM Organics International 12 Foreword from the Editors 13 Acknowledgements 14 Organic Agriculture:Key Indicators and Top Countries 19 The World of Organic Agriculture

17、 2020:Summary 20 Helga Willer,Bernhard Schlatter,Jan Trvn?ek,Laura Kemper,and Julia Lernoud ORGANIC AGRICULTURE WORLDWIDE:CURRENT STATISTICS 31 Current Statistics on Organic Agriculture Worldwide:Area,Operators and Market 32 Bernhard Schlatter,Jan Trvn?ek,Julia Lernoud and Helga Willer General notes

18、 on the data 35 Organic land 37 Organic producers and other operator types 58 Retail sales and international trade data 65 Organic farming in developing countries and emerging markets 70 Land use and key commodities in organic agriculture 72 Organic Cotton 132 Lisa Barsley,Liesl Truscott,Evonne Tan,

19、Amish Gosai,and Alice Dos Santos GLOBAL MARKET ORGANIC IMPORTS 137 The Global Market for Organic Food&Drink 138 Amarjit Sahota Organic imports in the European Union 2018?A first analysis 142 Elena Panichi STANDARDS AND LEGISLATION,POLICY SUPPORT 149 Public Standards and Regulations 150 Emanuele Busa

20、cca,Flvia Moura e Castro,Joelle Katto-Andrighetto and Beate Huber Internal Control Systems in Organic Agriculture 159 Florentine Meinshausen,Toralf Richter,Beate Huber,Johan Blockeel Participatory Guarantee Systems in 2019 164 Joelle Katto-Andrighetto,Cornelia Kirchner,Flvia Moura e Castro,and Feder

21、ica Varini Demeter International Current Statistics 173 Christoph Simpfendrfer and Sarah Fischer The Mainstreaming of Organic Agriculture in the Himalaya Region 178 Federica Varini AFRICA 185 Latest Developments in Organic Agriculture in Africa 186 Jordan Gama and David Amudavi Africa:Current Statis

22、tics 193 Table of Contents 4 FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2020):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn ASIA 201 Developments in the Organic Sector in Asia in 2019 202 Shaikh Tanveer Hossain and Jennifer Chang Asia:Current statistics 209 EUROPE 217 Organic in Europe:Recent Developments

23、218 Helga Willer,Bram Moeskops,Emanuele Busacca,Lna Brisset,and Maria Gernert Europe and the European Union:Key indicators 2018 226 Organic Farming and Market Development in Europe and the European Union 227 Helga Willer,Bernhard Schlatter and Diana Schaack LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 265 Latin

24、America 266 Patricia Flores Latin America and the Caribbean:Current statistics 270 NORTH AMERICA 277 US Organic Sales Break Through 50 Billion Dollar Mark 278 Barbara Fitch Haumann Canada 283 Tia Loftsgard North America:Current statistics 286 OCEANIA 291 Australia Findings from the Australian Organi

25、c Market Report 2019 292 Harriet Kendrick The Pacific Islands 297 Karen Mapusua Oceania:Current statistics 300 ACHIEVEMENTS AND OUTLOOK 305 Worldwide Organic Outlook 306 Louise Luttikholt ANNEX 309 Key Indicators by Country and Region 310 Data Providers and Data Sources 315 Table of Contents FiBL&IF

26、OAM Organics International(2020):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn5 Tables Table 1:Countries and territories covered by the global survey on organic agriculture 2018.33 Table 2:World:Organic agricultural land(including in-conversion areas)and regions shares of the global organic agricu

27、ltural land 2018.37 Table 3:World:Organic agricultural land(including in-conversion areas)by country 2018(sorted).39 Table 4:World:Organic agricultural land(including in-conversion areas)and organic share of total agricultural land by region 2018.41 Table 5:World:Organic shares of total agricultural

28、 land by country 2018(sorted).43 Table 6:World:Organic agricultural land(including in-conversion areas)by region:growth 2017-2018 and 10 years growth.45 Table 7:World:Development of organic agricultural land by country 2017-2018.47 Table 8:World:Organic areas:Agricultural land(including conversion a

29、reas)and further organic areas by region in 2018.53 Table 9:World:Organic areas:Agricultural land(including conversion areas)and further organic areas by country 2018.53 Table 10:World:Development of the numbers of producers by region 2017 to 2018.58 Table 11:World:Organic producers and other operat

30、or types by country 2018.60 Table 12:Global market data:Retail sales and per capita consumption by region 2018.66 Table 13:Global market data:Retail sales,organic share of all retail sales,per capita consumption,and exports by country 2018.68 Table 14:Countries on the DAC list:Development of organic

31、 agricultural land 2013-2018.71 Table 15:World:Land use in organic agriculture by region(including in-conversion areas)2018.75 Table 16:World:Land use and crop categories in organic agriculture worldwide 2018.75 Table 17:Use of organic arable land(including in-conversion areas),2017 and 2018 compare

32、d.77 Table 18:Use of organic permanent cropland(including in-conversion areas),2017 and 2018 compared.79 Table 19:Wild collection and beekeeping areas by region 2017 and 2018 compared.81 Table 20:Wild collection and beekeeping areas by crop group 2018.81 Table 21:Wild collection and beekeeping areas

33、 by country 2018.83 Table 22:Number of organic beehives by country 2018.88 Table 23:Organic aquaculture:Production volume by species 2018.89 Table 24:Organic aquaculture:Production volume by country 2018.91 Table 25:World:Selected key crop groups and crops area in organic agriculture 2018 (overview

34、including conversion areas).92 Table 26:Cereals:Organic area by country 2018.95 Table 27:Citrus fruit:Organic area by country 2018.99 Table 28:Cocoa beans:Organic area by country 2018.102 Table 29:Coffee:Organic area by country 2018.105 Table 30:Dry pulses:Organic area by country 2018.108 Table 31:T

35、emperate fruit:Organic area by country 2018.112 Table 32:Tropical and subtropical fruit:Organic area by country 2018.116 Table 33:Grapes:Organic area by country 2018.120 Table 34:Oilseeds:Organic area by country 2018.123 Table 35:Olives:Organic area by country 2018.127 Table 36:Vegetables:Organic ar

36、ea by country 2018.130 Table 37:Organic cotton farmers,area and production 2017/2018.136 Table 38:Volume of the organic agri-food imports into the EU per country.146 Table 39:Volume of the organic agri-food imports into the EU per product category 2018.148 Table 40:Regulations on organic agriculture

37、:Number of countries by region(2019).152 Table 41:Regulations on organic agriculture:Current status by country.155 Table 42:PGS Statistics 2018 and 2019.170 Table 43:Certified Demeter operations in member countries of Demeter-International June 2019.175 Table 44:Certified Demeter operations in other

38、 countries as of June 2019.176 Table 45:Demeter certified vintners and grape area worldwide .177 Table 46:Demeter certified vintners and grape area worldwide(certified by Demeter-International).177 Table of Contents 6 FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2020):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and

39、 Bonn Table 47:Overview of cultivated area(ha)in the Indian Himalayan states under certified organic farming,including in-conversion,share at the state and national levels(2017).182 Table 48:Africa:Organic agricultural land,organic share of total agricultural land and number of organic producers 201

40、8.198 Table 49:Africa:All organic areas 2018.199 Table 50:Africa:Land use in organic agriculture 2018.200 Table 51:Africa:Use of wild collection areas 2018.200 Table 52:Asia:Organic agricultural land,organic share of fasrmland,producers 2018.213 Table 53:Asia:All organic areas 2018.214 Table 54:Asia

41、:Land use in organic agriculture 2018.215 Table 55:Asia:Use of wild collection areas 2018.215 Table 56:Europe:Organic agricultural land in Europe and the European Union 2018.229 Table 58:Europe and the European Union:Land use 2018.235 Table 59:Europe and the European Union:Key crops/crop group 2018.

42、238 Table 60:Europe and the European Union:Organic livestock 2018.241 Table 61:Europe:Organic operators by country group 2018.243 Table 62:Europe and the European Union:Organic retail sales 2018:Key data.246 Table 63:Organic shares for retail sales values(euros)for selected products 2018.252 Table 6

43、4:Europe:Organic agricultural land by country 2018.258 Table 65:Europe:Conversion status of organic agricultural land 2018.259 Table 66:Europe:Land use in organic agriculture by country 2018.260 Table 67:Europe:Organic agricultural land and wild collection areas by country 2018.261 Table 68:Europe:O

44、rganic livestock by country 2018.262 Table 69:Europe:Organic producers,processors,and importers by country 2018.262 Table 70:Europe:The organic food market 2018.264 Table 71:Latin America:Organic agricultural land,organic share of total agricultural land,and number of producers 2018.274 Table 72:Lat

45、in America:All organic areas 2018.274 Table 73:Latin America:Land use in organic agriculture 2018.276 Table 74:Latin America:Use of wild collection areas 2018.276 Table 75:North America:Organic agricultural land,organic share of total agricultural land,and number of producers 2018.290 Table 76:North

46、 America:All organic areas 2018.290 Table 77:North America:Land use in organic agriculture 2018.290 Table 78:Estimated certified organic primary producer operations and area in Australia 2002-2018.293 Table 79:Pacific:Main products that are currently organically certified.297 Table 80:Oceania:Organi

47、c agricultural land,organic share of total agricultural land,and number of producers 2018.303 Table 81:Oceania:All organic areas 2018.303 Table 82:Oceania:Land use in organic agriculture 2018.304 Table 83:Key indicators by region 2018.310 Table 84:Key indicators by country 2018.310 Table 85:Developm

48、ent of the number of producers and the organic area according to the Ministry of Agriculture,Livestock and Food in Brasil.333 Figures Figure 1:World:Distribution of organic agricultural land by region 2018.38 Figure 2:World:The ten countries with the largest areas of organic agricultural land 2018.3

49、8 Figure 3:World:Countries with an organic share of the total agricultural land of at least 10 percent 2018.42 Figure 4:World:Distribution of the organic shares of the agricultural land 2018.42 Figure 5:World:Growth of the organic agricultural land and organic share 1999-2018.46 Figure 6:World:Growt

50、h of the organic agricultural land by continent 2010 to 2018.46 Figure 7:World:The ten countries with the highest increase of organic agricultural land 2018.47 Figure 8:World:Distribution of all organic areas 2018.Total:107.3 million hectares.52 Figure 9:World:Distribution of organic producers by re

51、gion 2018(Total:2.8 million producers).59 Table of Contents FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2020):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn7 Figure 10:World:The ten countries with the largest numbers of organic producers 2018.59 Figure 11:Global market for organic food:Distribution of retail

52、 sales by country 2018.66 Figure 12:Global market for organic food:Distribution of retail sales by region 2018.66 Figure 13:Global market:The countries with the largest markets for organic food 2018.67 Figure 14:Global market:The ten countries with the highest per capita consumption 2018.67 Figure 1

53、5(left):Countries on the DAC list:The ten countries with the largest areas of organic agricultural land in 2018.71 Figure 16(right):Countries on the DAC list:The ten countries with the highest organic shares of the total agricultural land in 2018.71 Figure 17:World:Distribution of main land use type

54、s by region 2018.73 Figure 18:World:Distribution of main land use types and key crop categories 2018.74 Figure 19:World:Development of organic arable land,permanent cropland and permanent grassland/grazing areas 2004-2018 .74 Figure 20:World:Distribution of organic arable cropland by region 2018.78

55、Figure 21:World:Use of arable cropland by crop group 2018.78 Figure 22:World:Distribution of permanent cropland by region 2018.80 Figure 23:World:Use of permanent cropland by crop group 2018.80 Figure 24:World:Distribution of organic wild collection and beekeeping areas by region in 2018.82 Figure 2

56、5:World:The ten countries with the largest organic wild collection and beekeeping areas in 2018.82 Figure 26:World:Distribution of organic beehives by region in 2018.87 Figure 27:World:Development of the organic beehives 2008-2018.87 Figure 28:World:Organic aquaculture production volume:Distribution

57、 by continent and top 10 countries 2018.90 Figure 29:World:Organic aquaculture production volume:Distribution by species and key species 2018.90 Figure 30:Cereals:Organic area 2018.93 Figure 31:Cereals:Organic area 2018.94 Figure 32:Citrus fruit:Organic area 2018.97 Figure 33:Citrus fruit:Organic ar

58、ea 2018.98 Figure 34:Cocoa:Organic area 2018.100 Figure 35:Cocoa:Organic area 2018.101 Figure 36:Coffee:Organic area 2018.103 Figure 37:Coffee:Organic Area 2018.104 Figure 38:Dry Pulses:Organic area 2018.106 Figure 39:Dry Pulses:Organic area 2018.107 Figure 40:Temperate Fruit:Organic area 2018.110 F

59、igure 41:Temperate Fruit:Organic area 2018.111 Figure 42:Tropical and subtropical fruit:Organic area 2018.114 Figure 43:Tropical and subtropical fruit:Organic area 2018.115 Figure 44:Grapes:Organic area 2018.118 Figure 45:Grapes:Organic Area 2018.119 Figure 46:Oilseeds:Organic area 2018.121 Figure 4

60、7:Oilseeds:Organic area 2018.122 Figure 48:Olives:Organic area 2018.125 Figure 49:Olives:Organic area 2018.126 Figure 50:Vegetables:Organic area 2018.128 Figure 51:Vegetables:Organic area 2018.129 Figure 52:Development of organic cotton fibre production in metric tons.133 Figure 53:European Union:Di

61、stribution of agri-food imports by aggregated product category 2018.142 Figure 54:Estimated global organic group certification.160 Figure 55:Estimated global organic group certification per region.160 Figure 56:Most important crops certified by group certification.161 Figure 57:Development of PGS-ce

62、rtified producers worldwide.165 Figure 58:Development of the number of Demeter-certified farms.174 Figure 59:Development of the Demeter-certified area in hectares.175 Table of Contents 8 FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2020):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn Figure 60:Africa:The ten

63、countries with the largest organic agricultural area 2018.195 Figure 61:Africa:The countries with the highest organic share of total agricultural land 2018.195 Figure 62:Africa:Development of organic agricultural land 1999-2018.196 Figure 63:Africa:Use of organic agricultural land 2018.196 Figure 64

64、:Africa:The ten countries with the largest number of organic producers 2018.197 Figure 65:Asia:The ten countries with the largest organic agricultural area 2018.211 Figure 66:Asia:The countries with the highest organic share of total agricultural land 2018.211 Figure 67:Asia:Development of organic a

65、gricultural land 1999 to 2018.212 Figure 68:Asia:Use of organic agricultural land 2018.212 Figure 69:Europe and the European Union:Growth of organic farmland and retail sales compared,2000-2018.218 Figure 70:Europe:Distribution of organic farmland by country 2018.229 Figure 71:Europe:Organic agricul

66、tural land by country 2018.230 Figure 72:Europe:Organic shares of total agricultural land 2018.232 Figure 73:Europe and the European Union:Development of organic agricultural land 1985-2018.233 Figure 74:Europe:Growth rates for organic agricultural land in Europe and the European Union 1985-2018.233

67、 Figure 75:Europe:The ten countries with the highest growth in organic agricultural land in hectares and percentage in 2018.234 Figure 77:Europe and the European Union:Conversion status of organic land in Europe and the European Union 2018.234 Figure 78:Europe:Distribution of land use in organic agr

68、iculture 2018.235 Figure 79:Europe:Land use in organic agriculture by top 10 countries 2018.236 Figure 80:Europe:Growth in organic agricultural land by land use type 2004-2018.237 Figure 81:European Union:Growth in organic agricultural land by land use type 2004-2018.237 Figure 82:Europe and the Eur

69、opean Union:Development of organic cows milk production 2007-2018.242 Figure 83:Europe and the European Union:Development of the number of organic producers in 2000-2018.244 Figure 84:Europe:Distribution of organic producers and processors by country 2018.244 Figure 85:Europe:Number of organic produ

70、cers by country 2018.245 Figure 86:Europe:Distribution of retail sales by country and by single market worldwide 2018.246 Figure 87:Europe:Retail sales by country 2018.247 Figure 88:Europe:Growth of organic retail sales in Europe and the European Union,2000-2018.248 Figure 89:Europe:The countries wi

71、th the highest organic market growth 2018.249 Figure 90:Europe:The countries with the highest per capita consumption 2018.250 Figure 91:Europe:Growth of the per capita consumption 2000-2018.250 Figure 92:Europe:The countries with the highest shares of the total retail sales 2018.251 Figure 93:Europe

72、:Marketing channels for organic products in selected countries 2018.254 Figure 94:Europe:Growth of marketing channels for organic products 2015-2018 in selected countries.254 Figure 95:Brazilian organic seals for products certified under participatory guarantee systems(left)or by a certification com

73、pany/third party certification(right).268 Figure 96:Latin America and Caribbean:The ten countries with the largest areas of organic agricultural land 2018.272 Figure 97:Latin America and Caribbean:The ten countries with the highest organic share of total agricultural land 2018.272 Figure 98:Latin Am

74、erica and Caribbean:Development of organic agricultural land 1999-2018.273 Figure 99:Latin America and Caribbean:Use of agricultural organic land 2018.273 Figure 100:North America:Organic agricultural land in Canada and the United States 2018.288 Figure 101:North America:Organic share of total agric

75、ultural land in Canada and the United States 2018.288 Figure 102:North America:Development of organic agricultural land 1999-2018.289 Figure 103:North America:Land use in organic agriculture 2018.289 Figure 104:Australia:Distribution of organic export(metric tons)from Australia by region 2018.295 Fi

76、gure 105:Oceania:Organic agricultural land by country 2018.301 Figure 106:Oceania:Organic share of total agricultural land by country 2018.301 Figure 107:Oceania:Development of organic agricultural land 1999-2018.302 Table of Contents FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2020):The World of Organic Agri

77、culture.Frick and Bonn9 Maps Map 1:Organic agricultural land and non-agricultural areas in 2018(in hectares).31 Map 2:Organic agricultural land in the countries of Africa 2018(in hectares).185 Map 3:Organic agricultural land in the countries of Asia 2018.201 Map 4:Organic agricultural land in the co

78、untries of Europe 2018(in hectares).217 Map 5:Organic agricultural land in the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean 2018(in hectares).265 Map 6:Organic agricultural land in Canada and the United States 2018.277 Map 7:Organic agricultural land in the countries of Oceania 2018.291 Infographics

79、 Infographic 1:Key indicators 2018.30 Infographic 2:Organic farmland 2018.36 Infographic 3:Organic producers 2018.57 Infographic 4:Organic retail sales 2018.64 Infographic 5:Organic agriculture in Europe:Key indicators 2018.216 Glossary 10 FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2020):The World of Organic

80、 Agriculture.Frick and Bonn Glossary/person:Per capita consumption in euros AfrONet:African Organic Network AMI:Agrarmarkt-Informationsgesellschaft-Agricultural Market Information Company,Germany AOC:African Organic Conference AU:African Union Commission AUC:African Union Commission CAP:Common Agric

81、ultural Policy of the European Union CAADP:Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme CIHEAM:Centre international de hautes tudes agronomiques mditerranennes CNCA:China National Certification and Accreditation Administration COTA:Canada Organic Trade Association,Canada CPC:Candidates and

82、 Potential Candidates for the European Union CSC:Continental Steering Committee of the Ecological Organic Agriculture Initiative for Africa(EOA-I)EFTA:European Free Trade Association EOA(-I):Ecological Organic Agriculture(Initiative for Africa)EU:European Union EU-28:Member countries of the European

83、 Union EU-NACOA:EU/North-African Conference on Organic Agriculture Eurostat:Statistical office of the European Union,Luxembourg FAO:Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations FAOSTAT:Statistics Division of FAO,the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations FiBL:Forschungsin

84、stitut fr biologischen Landbau Research Institute of Organic Agriculture,Switzerland GOTS:Global Organic Textile Standard Ha:Hectares Horizon 2020:Research and Innovation programme of the European Union,running from 2014 to 2020 HS codes:Harmonized System Codes ISOFAR:International Society of Organi

85、c Agriculture Research,Germany ITC:International Trade Centre,Switzerland Mio.:Million MOAN:Mediterranean Organic Agriculture Network,Italy MT:Metric tons NASAA:National Association for Sustainable Agriculture,Australia NOARA:Network of Organic Agriculture Researchers in Africa OTA:Organic Trade Ass

86、ociation,United States of America PGS:Participatory Guarantee Systems POETcom:Pacific Organic and Ethical Trade Community SDC:wiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SECO:State Secretariat for Economic Affairs,Switzerland SL:Stiftung kologie&Landbau Foundation Ecology&Agriculture,Germany SOAAN:S

87、ustainable Organic Agriculture Action Network TP Organics:European Technology Platform for Organic Food and Farming U.S.:United States USDA:United States Department of Agriculture Foreword from SECO&ITC FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2020):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn11 Forewor

88、d from SECO and ITC The adoption of organic agricultural practices contributes greatly to the targets set by the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).In such a dynamic field,access to good quality data on organic farming not only helps to measure success toward achieving these SDGs but also to orient

89、 decision-makers and other stakeholders along the whole value chain.Data can also support the development of a favourable policy environment,reliable regulations and standards,as well as transparency in the organic sector.Once again,increasing demand for organic products stimulated growth in the org

90、anic sector with organic food sales surpassing the 100 billion US dollar mark for the first time in 2018.Double-digit growth rates were recorded in many advanced markets for organic products.The production side is also keeping pace:The latest data shows that organic farmland has grown in many countr

91、ies,and the total organic area increased to more than 70 million hectares,managed by almost 2.8 million producers.By providing dynamic and easy access to organic market and production data,the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs(SECO)and the International Trade Centre(ITC)aim to support dec

92、ision-makers in governmental administrations,development agencies,NGOs,and other actors of the international organic industry.Considering the latest figures and the continuous and sustainable growth over many years,the organic movement can look confidently to the future.Dr.Monica Rubiolo Head of the

93、 Division for Trade Promotion Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs(SECO)Bern,Switzerland Joseph Wozniak Head,Trade for Sustainable Development Programme(T4SD)International Trade Centre(ITC)Geneva,Switzerland Foreword from FiBL&IFOAM Organics International 12 FiBL&IFOAM Organics International

94、(2020):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn Foreword from FiBL and IFOAM Organics International With the 21sr edition,FiBL and IFOAM Organics International proudly present a new edition of“The World of Organic Agriculture.”Data collection as such is a major and constant concern of the Res

95、earch Institute of Organic Agriculture(FiBL)and IFOAM Organics International.The comprehensive data provided over the past two decades in this publication serve as an important tool for stakeholders,policymakers,authorities,and the industry,as well as for researchers and extension professionals.It h

96、as also proven useful for development programs and supporting strategies for organic agriculture and markets,and crucial for monitoring the impact of these activities.The publication also shows our ongoing engagement with transparency in the organic sector;the method of collecting the data has been

97、refined over time to reflect the global status of organic as much as possible.“The World of Organic Agriculture”has become one of the most frequently quoted pieces of literature in scientific,technical,and descriptive papers and reports on organic agriculture.This publication also demonstrates the c

98、ontribution of organic agriculture to the Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nations.Given that organic agriculture touches on almost all of the goals,this book not only shows the land area,number of producers,and market figures;it also highlights the contribution of organic agriculture

99、 to tackling climate change,ensuring food and nutrition security,halting biodiversity loss,and promoting sustainable consumption,to name a few.Overall,“The World of Organic Agriculture”shows the potential organic farming has to contribute to a sustainable future!We are grateful to the Swiss State Se

100、cretariat for Economic Affairs(SECO),the International Trade Centre(ITC),the Coop Sustainability Fund and NrnbergMesse for supporting this publication.We would like to express our thanks to all authors and data providers for contributing in-depth information and figures on their region,their country

101、,or their field of expertise.Lastly,we would like to thank the editorial team for their dedication and engagement,and we would also like to express our thanks to the other members of the FiBL team,who support the activities surrounding the data collection.Frick and Bonn,February 2020 Prof.Dr.Urs Nig

102、gli Director Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL Frick,Switzerland Louise Luttikholt Executive Director IFOAM Organics International Bonn,Germany Foreword from the Editors FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2020):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn13 Foreword from the Editors I

103、n the 21st edition of“The World of Organic Agriculture”,we present the latest available data on organic agriculture.Again,many experts have provided valuable data,and we are very grateful to our data and information suppliers from all over the world!Knowledgeable authors once again contributed artic

104、les about their regions,their countries,or their fields of expertise,including the global market report,public standards and legislation,Participatory Guarantee Systems,policy support as well as organic cotton.This edition of the World of Organic Agriculture includes some novelties:We are very happy

105、 that we can provide the latest(and first)statistics data on imports in the European Union along with an article by Elena Panichi from the European Commission.Another novelty is the article with statistics on Internal Control Systems(ICS)by Florentine Meinshausen and colleagues.This article includes

106、 not only data on the extent of ICS but also pertinent background information.Furthermore,we have the pleasure to be able to present statistics from Demeter International.For the crop chapter in this edition,we did not update the existing crop texts,but instead,we are presenting graphs:A map on the

107、global distribution by country for a given crop/crop group,its development,the top countries in terms of organic area and organic share of the total area,the distribution by continent and,in the case of crop groups,the breakdown by crop.All of these graphics are based on interactive Power BI graphs,

108、which you can explore at https:/statistics.fibl.org/visualisation.html.Finally,we wish to announce that the Chinese edition of“The World of Organic Agriculture”will be published for the 9th time by the Organic and Beyond company.We want to express our warm gratitude to everyone who makes this report

109、 possible!Helga Willer,Bernhard Schlatter,Jan Trvn?ek,Laura Kemper and Julia Lernoud Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL,Frick,Switzerland Acknowledgements 14 FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2020):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn Acknowledgements The Research Institute of

110、 Organic Agriculture FiBL and IFOAM Organics International are very grateful to their supporters for granting financial support for the global data collection and for the 2020 edition of“The World of Organic Agriculture”:the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs(SECO),Economic Development and

111、 Cooperation(within the framework of its support activities for organic production in developing countries),Bern,Switzerland,the International Trade Centre(ITC),Geneva,Switzerland,the Sustainability Fund of Coop Switzerland(Coop Fonds fr Nachhaltigkeit),Basel,Switzerland,and NrnbergMesse,the organiz

112、ers of BIOFACH,Nrnberg,Germany.Numerous individuals have contributed to the making of this work.The editors are very grateful to all those listed below,without whom it would not have been possible to produce this yearbook.Ibrahim Abdalhamid,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development,Palestine Nat

113、ional Authority,Palestine National Authority,Palestine;Hadjira Houria Abdellaoui,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development,Algeria;Heriberto Mamani Acosta,Responsable Nacional del Sistema de Control de la Produccin Ecolgica,Bolivia;Olugbenga O.AdeOluwa,University of Ibadan,Ibadan,Nigeria;Marcell

114、e Agius,Ministry for the environment,sustainable development and climate chan,Malta;Rocio Aguilar,Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadera,La Sabana,San Jos,Costa Rica;Lina Al Bitar,Centro Internazionale di Alti Studi Agronomici Mediterranei-Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari-CIHEAM-IAM Bari,Valen

115、zano,Italy;Khurshid Alam,Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute(BARI),Bangladesh;Raed Saleh Almusaylim,Department of Organic Production,Saudi Arabia;Saif Moh Al-Shara,Ministry of Environment and Water,Agricultural Affairs and Animal Sector,Dubai,United Arab Emirates;David Amudavi,Biovision Afric

116、a Trust,Nairobi,Kenya;Maria Andreou,Department of Agriculture Cyprus,Nicosia,Cyprus;Stoilko Apostolov,Bioselena:Foundation for organic agriculture,Karlovo,Bulgaria;Lidya Ariesusanty,Indonesia Organic Alliance IOA,Bogor,Indonesia;Angela Atallah,CCPB Middle East,Beirut,Lebanon;Valdete Avdiu,Ministry o

117、f Agriculture,Forestry and Rural Development,Kosovo;Atef Abdel Azziz,Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation,Egypt,Egypt;Vugar Babayev,Ganja Agribusiness Association(GABA),Ganja City,Azerbaijan;Ebba Barany,Eurostat,Luxembourg;Nouhoun Barro,Ecocert SA West Africa Office,Ougadougou,Burkina Faso;L

118、isa Barsley,Textile Exchange,London,United Kingdom;Andrew Bayliss,Soil Association Certification Limited,Bristol,United Kingdom;Elif Bayraktar ktem,Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of the Republic of Turkey,Ankara,Turkey;Milena Belli,Istituto per la Certificazione Etica ed Ambientale(ICEA),Bolog

119、na,Italy;Albrecht Benzing,CERES-CERtification of Environmental Standards-GmbH,Happurg,Germany;Olena Berezovska,Organic Ukraine Public Union of Producers of Organic Certified Products,Kyiv,Ukraine;Florian Bernardi,Klaus Bchel Anstalt,Mauren,Liechtenstein;Eva Berre,Ecocert International,LIsle Jourdain

120、,France;Dino Beirevi?,Organska Kontrola(OK),Sarajevo,Bosnia&Herzegovina;Rommel Anbal Betancourt Herrera,Agencia de Regulacin y Control Fito y Zoosanitario-AGROCALIDAD,Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadera MAG,Quito,Ecuador;Sandeep Bhargava,OneCert International Pvt.Ltd,Jaipur,Rajasthan,India;Olivera

121、Bicikliski,Ministry of Agriculture,Forestry and Water Management,Skopje,North Macedonia Simone Bissig,Research Institute of Organic Agriculture(FiBL),Frick,Switzerland;Johan Blockeel,Research Institute of Organic Agriculture(FiBL),Frick,Switzerland;Marian Blom,Bionext,Ede,The Netherlands;Barbara Bck

122、,NrnbergMesse,Nuremberg,Germany;Kerstin Bojar,BIO AUSTRIA,Wien,Austria;Thavisith Bounyasouk,Department of Agriculture(DOA),Vientiane,Lao PDR;Lorcan Bourke,Bord Bia-Irish Food Board,Dublin,Ireland;Lna Brisset,IFOAM EU,Brussels,Belgium;Danila Brunner,Nrnberg Messe,Nuremberg,Germany;Marie Reine Bteich,

123、CIHEAM Bari,Bari,Italy;Klaus Bchel,Klaus Bchel Anstalt,Mauren,Liechtenstein;Emanuele Busacca,Acknowledgements FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2020):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn15 IFOAM EU,Brussels,Belgium;Roberta Cafiero,Ministry of Agriculture Food,Forestry and Tourism Policies

124、,Rome,Italy;Rudina Cakraj,Ministry Of Agriculture and Rural Development,Tirana,Albania;Liliana Calma?ui,Asocia?ia Educa?ie pentru Dezvoltare(AED),Chi?in?u,Republica Moldova;Celia Carave,Ecocert Iberica,Sevilla,Spain;Claudia Crdenas Cataln,Servicio Agrcola y Gandero(SAG),Ministerio de Agricultura,San

125、tiago,Chile;Geisel Carvalho de Menezes,Ministry of Finance,Commerce and Blue Economy,Sao Tom and Prncipe;Jennifer Chang,IFOAM Asia,Seoul,Republic of Korea;Thomas Cierpka,IFOAM-Organics International,Bonn,Germany;Genaro Coronel,Servicio Nacional de Calidad y Sanidad Vegetal y de Semillas(SENAVE),Asun

126、cin,Paraguay;Finn Cottle,Soil Association,Bristol,United Kingdom;Catarina Crisostomo,Portugal;Joy Daniel,Institut for Integrated Rural Development(IIRD),Aurangabad,Maharashtra,India;Nune Darbinyan,ECOGLOBE-Organic control and certification body,Yerevan,Republic of Armenia;Monique Decker,Administrati

127、on des services techniques de lagriculture(ASTA),Luxembourg;Levent Denizer,Ecocert IMO Denetim ve Belgelendirme Ltd.Sti,Izmir,Turkey;Giorgia DeSantis,Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO),Rome,Italy;Famara Didhiou,Fdration Nationale pour lAgriculture Biologique,This,Senegal;Al

128、ice Dos Santos,Textile Exchange,Zrich,Switzerland;Dra Drexler,Hungarian Research Institute of Organic Agriculture(MKi),Budapest,Hungary;Gita?urkovi?,Ministry of Agriculture Croatia,Croatia;Pilar M.Eguillor Recabarren,Oficina de Estudios y Politicas Agrarias ODEPA,Santiago Centro,Chile;Pauline Eid Sa

129、ad,Ministry of Agriculture,Lebanon;Lucy Ellis,Department of Agriculture,Stanley,Falkland Islands(Malvinas);Ibrahim Elmaghraby;Agricultural Research Center,Giza,Egypt;Carlos Andres Escobar Fernandez,ECONEXOS,Conexion Ecologica,Cali,Colombia;Nawal Farkacha,Ministry of Agriculture,Fisheries,Rural devel

130、opment and Forests,Rabat,Morocco;Ditta Fekete,Control Union Certifications B.V.,Zwolle,The Netherlands;Addisu Alemayehu Ferede,Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research EIAR,Akaki,Ethiopia;Tobias Fischer,BCS ko-Garantie GmbH,Nrnberg,Germany;Sarah Fischer,Demeter-International e.V.,Office Echterdi

131、ngen,Echterdingen,Germany;Barbara Fitch Haumann,Organic Trade Association(OTA),Brattleboro,United States of America;Dorian Flchet,Agence Bio,Montreuil-sous-Bois,France;Patricia Flores Escudero,Latin American Office of IFOAM-Organics International,Lima,Peru;Alexandra Forbord,Norwegian Agriculture Age

132、ncy Landbruksdirektoratet,Oslo,Norway;Emmeline Foubert,Certisys,Walhain,Belgium;Sergiy Galashevskyy,Organic Standard,Kyiv,Ukraine;Jordan Gama,AfrONet c/o Tanzanian Organic Network(TOAM),Dar es Salaam,Tanzania;Juan Manuel Gmez,Comisin Interamericana de Agricultura Orgnica(CIAO),Buenos Aires,Argentina

133、;Osvaldo Garcia,IMOcert Latinoamerica LTDA,Cochabamba,Bolivia;Salvador Garibay,Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL,Frick,Switzerland;Maria Gernert,IFOAM EU,Brussels,Belgium;Maheswar Ghimire,Kathmandu,Nepal;Vasko Gjorgjievski,Ministry of Agriculture,Forestry and Water Economy,North Macedon

134、ia;Laurent C.Glin,Benin;Denise Godinho,IFOAM-Organics International,Bonn,Germany;Jos Miguel Gonzlez,Ministry of Agriculture,Food and Environment,Spain;Amish Gosai,Textile Exchange,Bangalore,India;Katharina Gssinger,BIO AUSTRIA,Wien,Austria;Guillaume Granier,Ecocert Colombia,Bogota,Colombia;Rannveig

135、Guleifsdttir,Vottunarstofan Tn ehf.,Reykjavik,Iceland;Gunnar Gunnarsson,Vottunarstofan Tn ehf.,Reykjavik,Iceland;Cristina Hagatong,Ministry of Agriculture,Sea,Environment and Spatial Planning,Lisbon,Portugal;Abid Ali Hasan,Zakho Small Villages Projects ZSVP,Dohuk City,Dohuk,Iraq;Jan Heusser,Coop Fon

136、ds fr Nachhaltigkeit,Basel,Switzerland;Otto Hofer,Bundesministerium fr Nachhaltigkeit und Tourismus,Wien,Austria;Lee Holdstock,Soil Association,Bristol UK;Tanveer Hossain Shaikh,Asian Productivity Organization(APO),Tokyo,Japan;Andrea Hrabalov,CTPOA,Brno,Czech Republic;Beate Huber,Research Institute

137、of Organic Agriculture FiBL,Frick,Switzerland;Kinga Iham,Ministry of Agriculture MOA,Thimphu,Bhutan;Barbara Jggin,Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs SECO,Bern,Switzerland;Hakkyun Jeong,Korea Institute of Rural Social Affairs,Chungnam Province,Republic of Korea;ManChul Jung,Korea Institute

138、of Rural Social Affairs,Chungnam Province Republic of Korea;Nurbek Kannazarov,Organic Farming Kyrgyzstan,Kyrgyzstan;Joelle Katto-Andrighetto,IFOAM-Organics International,Bonn,Germany;Harriet Kendrick,Australian Organic Ltd,Nundah,Australia;Eustace Kiarii,Kenya Acknowledgements 16 FiBL&IFOAM Organics

139、 International(2020):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn Organic Agricultural Network(KOAN),Nairobi,Kenya;Cornelia Kirchner,IFOAM Organics International,Bonn,Germany;Natalie-Kleine Herzbruch,FiBL Germany,Frankfurt;Germany;Lyubomyr Klepbach,Center for Environmental Solutions(CES),Minsk,Be

140、larus;Barbara Kcher-Schulz,AMA-Marketing GesmbH AMA,Wien,Austria;Milana Kosanovic,Ecocert Balkan,Belgrad,Serbia;Marja-Riitta Kottila,Pro Luomu,Kauniainen,Finland;Weena Krut-ngoen,ACT Certification-Organic Agriculture Certification Thailand,Nonthaburi,Thailand;Heinz Kuhlmann,ABC Enterprises,Tokio,Jap

141、an;Manoj Kumar Menon,International Competence Centre for Organic Agriculture ICCOA,Rajarajeshwarinagar,Bangalore,India;George Kyrris,Department of Agriculture Cyprus,Nicosia,Cyprus;Eva Lacarce,Agence Bio,Montreuil-sous-Bois,France;Graciela Lacaze,Comisin Interamericana de Agricultura Orgnica(CIAO),B

142、uenos Aires,Argentina;Nicolas Lampkin,Organic Policy,Business and Research Consultancy;Aurora Josefina Lobato Garca,Secretara de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural(SADER),Ciudad de Mxico,Mxico;Tia Loftsgard,Canada Organic Trade Association,Ottawa,Canada;Pedro Lopez,PROVOTEC,Madrid,Spain;Marly Cristina L

143、pez Rengifo,Direccin General Agrcola(DGA-MINAGRI),Lima,Peru;Anna Lubovedskaya,Union Organic Farming,Moscow,Russian Federation;Virginija Luksiene,Ekoagros,Kaunas,Lithuania;Martin Lund,Food Industries,Copenhagen,Denmark;Louise Luttikholt,IFOAM-Organics International,Bonn,Germany;Samia Maamer Belkhiria

144、,Ministre de lAgriculture,des Ressources Hydrauliques et de la Pche,Tunis,Tunisia;Farzaneh Mahdipour,Bioinspecta,Frick,Switzerland;Hossein Mahmoudi,Environmental Sciences Research Institute,Evin Shahid Beheshti University SBU,Velenjak,Evin,Tehran,Iran;Fernando Maldonado Cestona,Direccin General de S

145、anidad Vegetal y Animal,El Salvador;John Manhire,The AgriBusiness Group,Lincoln,New Zealand,Karen Mapusua,Pacific Community,SPC,Suva,Fiji;Flix Oswaldo Maquera Cuayla,Servicio Nacional de Sanidad Agraria(SENASA),Ministerio de Agricultura y Riego(MINAGRI),Lima,Peru;Roberto Maresca,Controllo e Certific

146、azione Prodotti Biologici CCPB,Bologna;Ayumi Matsuura,Cambodian Organic Agriculture Association(COrAA),Phnom Penh,Cambodia;Florentine Meinshausen,Sustainability Standards&Assurance.Fair&Ethical Trade.Smallholder Value Chains,Zrich,Switzerland;Virgnia Mendes Cipriano Lira,Ministrio da Agricultura,Pec

147、uria e Abastecimento(DTEC/SDA/MAPA),Brasilia,Brazil;Dorota Metera,BIOEKSPERT Sp.z o.o.,Warszawa,Poland,PL;Minna Mietieliva,Ministry for Development of Economy,Trade and Agriculture of Ukraine,Kyiv,Ukraine;Merit Mikk,Centre of Ecological Engineering-koloogiliste Tehnoloogiate Keskus,Tartu,Estonia;Jel

148、ena Milic,Ministry of Agriculture,Forestry and Water Economy,Belgrade,Republic of Serbia;Eugene Milovanov,Organic Federation of Ukraine,Kyiv,Ukraine;Satoko Miyoshi,Global Organic Textile Standard(GOTS)Japan,Tokyo,Japan;Bram Moeskops,IFOAM EU,Brussels,Belgium;Carolin Mller,NASAA Certified Organic,Sti

149、rling,Australia;Flvia Moura e Castro,IFOAM-Organics International,Bonn,Germany;Arijana Mui?,Organska Kontrola(OK),Sarajevo,Bosnia&Herzegovina;Darija Musulin,Ministry of Agriculture,Zagreb,Croatia;Mohammed Mutarad Aloun,Ministry of Climate Change and Environment of the United Arab Emirates,United Ara

150、b Emirates;Samuel Ndungu,Kenya Organic Agriculture Network KOAN,Nairobi,Kenya;T?Th?Tuy?t Nhung,Vietnam Organic Agriculture Association,Hanoi,Vietnam;Urs Niggli,Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL,Frick,Switzerland;Leandro Duarte Nina Fortuna,Oficina de Control Agricultura Organica,Santo D

151、omingo,Republica Dominicana;Ramn Ernesto Noguera Garca,Instituto de Proteccin y Sanidad Agropecuaria IPSA,Departamento de Inspeccin Certificacin Fitosanitaria,Managua,Nicaragua;Fortunate Nyakanda,Zimbabwe Organic Producers and Promoters Association ZOPPA,Zimbabwe;Fatima Obaid Saeed,Ministry of Envir

152、onment and Water of the United Arab Emirates,United Arab Emirates;Sharon Ong,Ecocert South-East Asia,Singapore;Amresh Pandey,Ecocert SA,Aurangabad,Maharashtra,India;Elena Panichi,European Commission,Agriculture&Rural Development,Brussels,Belgium;Vitoon Panyakul,Green Net,Bangkok,Thailand;Ejvind Pede

153、rsen,Landbrug&Fdevarer,Copenhagen,Denmark;Petya Pencheva,Bioselena:Foundation for organic agriculture,Karlovo,Bulgaria;Eliza Petrosyan-Sudzilovskaya,ECOGLOBE-Organic control and certification body,Yerevan,Republic of Armenia;Diego Pinasco,Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria SENASA

154、,Buenos Aires,Argentina;Roberto Pinton,Pinton Organic Consulting,Acknowledgements FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2020):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn17 Padova,Italy;Natalie Prokopchuk,SECO-FiBL-SAFOSO Swiss-Ukrainian Program“Higher Value Added Trade from the Organic and Dairy Sec

155、tor in Ukraine”,Kyiv,Ukraine;Patrizia Pugliese,Centro Internazionale di Alti Studi Agronomici Mediterranei-Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari-CIHEAM-IAM Bari,Valenzano,Italy;Bartosz Pytlak,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development-Organic Farming Division,Warsaw,Poland;Andrijana Rako?evi?,

156、Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development,Podgorica,Crna Gora/Montenegro;Brayene Ramanantsoa,Ecocert,Antananarivo,Madagascar;Juan Carlos Ramirez,Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria SENASA,Buenos Aires,Argentina;Alvaro Alfredo Ramos Mndez,Ministerio Agricultura,Ganadera y Alime

157、ntacin(MAGA),Ciudad de Guatemala,Guatemala;Hans Ramseier,Bio Suisse,Basel,Switzerland;Sandra Randrianarisoa,Ecocert East Africa,Antananarivo,Madagascar;Nestor Raveloson,Ecocert,Antananarivo,Madagascar;Pia Reindl,AMA-Marketing GesmbH AMA,Wien,Austria;Michel Reynaud,Ecocert International,Office,LIsle

158、Jourdain,France;Toralf Richter,Research Institute of Organic Agriculture(FiBL),Frick,Frick,Switzerland;Kurt Riedi,Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL,Frick,Switzerland;Nathalie Rison Alabert,Agence Bio,Montreuil-sous-Bois,France;Lauro Antonio Rivera Gramajo,Ministerio Agricultura,Ganadera

159、 y Alimentacin(MAGA),Ciudad de Guatemala,Guatemala;Christian Robin,Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs,Bern,Switzerland;Fermn Vicente Romero Houlstan,Direccin Nacional de Sanidad Vegetal;Ministerio de Desarrollo Agropecuario(MIDA),Panam,Repblica de Panam;Monica Rubiolo,Swiss State Secretari

160、at for Economic Affairs,Bern,Switzerland;Cecilia Ryegrd,Ekoweb,Sweden;Olle Ryegrd,Ekoweb,Sweden,;Ayman Saad Al-Ghamdi,Organic Agriculture Department,Saudi Arabia;Amarjit Sahota,Ecovia Intelligence,London,United Kingdom;Gregory Sampson,International Trade Centre(ITC),Geneva,Switzerland;Alta Saunders,

161、Ecocert Southern Africa,Stellenbosch,South Africa;Diana Schaack,Agrarmarkt Informations-Gesellschaft mbH,Bonn,Germany;Aender Schanck,OIKOPOLIS Groupe,Munsbach,Luxembourg;Otto Schmid,Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL,Frick,Switzerland;Claudine Schmit,Administration des services technique

162、s de lagriculture(ASTA),Luxembourg;Bernhard Schulz,CERES-CERtification of Environmental Standards-GmbH,Happurg,Germany;Rita Schwentesius,Universidad Autnoma Chapingo,Chapingo,Mxico,MX;Faviana Scorza,Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadera,La Sabana,San Jos,Costa Rica;Ibrahima Seck,Fdration Nationale po

163、ur lAgriculture Biologique,This,Sngal;Hana ejnohov,Institute of agricultural economics and information,Brno,Czech Republic;Andreas Selearis,Department of Agriculture(MOA),Nicosia,Cyprus;Dheeraj Sharma,OneCert international Pvt.Ltd,Jaipur,Rajasthan,India;Elene Shatberashvili,Elkana-Biological Farming

164、 Association,Akhaltsikhe,Georgia;Kateryna Shor,Information Center“Green Dossier”,Ukraine;Sergii Shupyk,Ministry for Development of Economy,Trade and Agriculture of Ukraine,Kyiv,Ukraine;Christoph Simpfendrfer,Demeter-International e.V.,Office Echterdingen,Echterdingen,Germany;Harpreet Singh Sondh,Con

165、trol Union Certifications B.V.,Zwolle,The Netherlands;Anamarija Slabe,Institut za trajnostni razvoj,Lubljana,Slovenia;Nicolette van der Smissen,Consultant for Organic Production,Feres,Greece;Marianna Smith,Ecocert Southern Africa,Stellenbosch,South Africa;Manjo Smith,Namibian Organic Association NOA

166、,Okahandja,Namibia;Facundo Soria,Ministerio de Agricultura Ganadera y Pesca(MAGYP),Buenos Aires,Argentina;Marcela Stahil,Ministry of Agriculture,Regional Development and Environment of Moldova,Department for Organic Production and Products of Origin,Chi?in?u,Moldova;Franziska Staubli,Bioinspecta,Fri

167、ck,Switzerland;Indro Surono,Indonesia Organic Alliance,Bogor,Indonesia;Vic Tagupa,League of Organic Agriculture Municipalities&Cities(LOAMC),Philippines;Evonne Tan,Textile Exchange,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia;Ilse Timmermans,Departement Landbouw en Visserij,Brussels,Belgium;Thanh Trinh,Vietnam Organic Agr

168、iculture Association VOOA,Hanoi,Vietnam;Bence Trugly,Hungarian Research Institute of Organic Agriculture(MKi),Budapest,Hungary;Liesl Truscott,Textile Exchange,Bath,United Kingdom;Emma Tsessue,Ecocert SAS,LIsle Jourdain,France;Kesang Tshomo,Ministry of Agriculture MOA,Thimphu,Bhutan;Francesco Tubiell

169、o,Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,Rome,Italy;Daava Tungalag,Ministry of Food Agriculture and Light industry of Mongolia,Ulaanbaatar,Mongolia;Tal Weil Tzameret,Ministry of Agriculture&Rural Development,Plant Protection&Inspection Services(PPIS),Israel;Ray Tzeng,Acknowledgement

170、s 18 FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2020):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn Organic Center,National Ilan University(NIU),Yilan City,Taiwan;Edgardo Uychiat,Negros Island Sustainable Agriculture Research&Development,The Philippines,Miriam van Bree,Bionext,Ede,The Netherlands;Frederica

171、 Varini,IFOAM-Organics International,Bonn,Germany;Jelena Vasiljevic,Ministry of Agriculture Serbia,Belgrade,Serbia;Airi Vetemaa,Estonian Organic Farming Foundation EOFF,Tartu,Estonia;Rita Villarreal,Direccin Nacional de Sanidad Vegetal;Ministerio de Desarrollo Agropecuario(MIDA),Panam,Repblica de Pa

172、nam;Anna Voitiuk,Ministry for Development of Economy,Trade and Agriculture of Ukraine,Kyiv,Ukraine;Helena Wistrand,Moreganic Sourcing,Uppsala,Sweden;Joseph Wozniak,International Trade Centre(ITC),Geneva,Switzerland;Els Wynen,Eco Landuse Systems,Flynn,Australia;Qiao Yuhui,China Agricultural Universit

173、y,Beijing,China;Valentyna Zaiets,Ministry for Development of Economy,Trade and Agriculture of Ukraine,Kyiv,Ukraine;Tshering Zam,Ministry of Agriculture and Forests,Department of Agriculture,National Organic Program,Bhutan;Raffaele Zanoli,Universit Politecnica delle Marche UNIVPM,Ancona;Jos Zapata,Of

174、icina de Control Agricultura Organica,Direccion de Certificacion de Productos Agropecuarios(DICERT-RD),Santo Domingo,Republica Dominicana;Ulrike Zdralek,Bioinspecta,Frick,Switzerland;Diana Zeidan,Canada Organic Trade Association,Ottawa,Canada;Xiangdong Zhang,Beijing Organic and Beyond Corp.,Beijing,

175、China;Lisha Zheng,Ecocert China,Beijing,China;Zejiang Zhou,IFOAM Asia,China;Maja ibert,Ministry of Agriculture,Forestry and Food,Ljubljana,Slovenia;Darko Znaor,Independent Consultant,Zagreb,Croatia,Silvia Zucconi,Nomisma-Economic Research Institute,Bologna,Italy.Statistics Key Indicators FiBL&IFOAM

176、Organics International(2020):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn19 Organic Agriculture:Key Indicators and Top Countries Indicator World Top countries Countries with organic activities1 2018:186 countries Organic agricultural land 2018:71.5 million hectares (1999:11 million hectares)Austr

177、alia(35.7 million hectares)Argentina(3.6 million hectares)China(3.1 million hectares)Organic share of total agricultural land 2018:1.5%Liechtenstein(38.5%)Samoa(34.5%)Austria(24.7%)Wild collection and further non-agricultural areas 2018:35.7 million hectares (1999:4.1 million hectares)Finland(11.3 m

178、illion hectares)Zambia(3.2 million hectares)Tanzania(2.4 million hectares)Producers 2018:2.8 million producers (1999:200000 producers)India(1149371)Uganda(210352)Ethiopia(203602)Organic market2 2018:96.7 billion euros(2000:15.1 billion euros)US(40.6 billion euros)Germany(10.9 billion euros)France(9.

179、1 billion euros)Per capita consumption 2018:12.8 euros Switzerland(312 euros)Denmark(312 euros)Sweden(231 euros)Number of countries with organic regulations 2018:103 countries Number of affiliates of IFOAM Organics International 2018:779 affiliates from 110 countries Germany-79 affiliates India-55 a

180、ffiliates China-45 affiliates United States-48 affiliates Source:FiBL survey 2020,based on national data sources and data from certifiers 1 Where the designation country appears in this book,it covers countries and territories,see UNSTAT website http:/unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm.2 P

181、lease note that there are some differences in organic food sales figures from Ecovia Intelligence and those from FiBL due to different methodologies.According to Ecovia Intelligence,global retail sales reached over 105 billion US dollars in 2018.One euro corresponded to 1.1810 US dollars in 2018 acc

182、ording to the European Central Bank.The World of Organic Agriculture Summary 20 FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2020):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn The World of Organic Agriculture 2020:Summary HELGA WILLER,1 BERNHARD SCHLATTER2,JAN TRVN?EK3,LAURA KEMPER4 AND JULIA LERNOUD5 The l

183、atest available data on organic agriculture worldwide show that the year 2018 was another good year for global organic agriculture.According to the latest FiBL survey on organic agriculture worldwide,the organic farmland and organic retail sales continued to grow and reached another all-time high,as

184、 shown by the data from 186 countries(data as of the end 2018).More than 71.5 million hectares of organic farmland In 2018,71.5 million hectares of organic agricultural land,including in-conversion areas,were recorded.The regions with the largest areas of organic agricultural land are Oceania(36 mil

185、lion hectares,which is half the worlds organic agricultural land)and Europe(15.6 million hectares,22 percent).Latin America has 8 million hectares(11 percent)followed by Asia(6.5 million hectares,9 percent),North America(3.3 million hectares,5 percent),and Africa(2 million hectares,3 percent).Austra

186、lia has the largest area The countries with the most organic agricultural land are Australia(35.7 million hectares),Argentina(3.6 million hectares),and China(3.1 million hectares).Globally,1.5 percent of the farmland is organic Currently,1.5 percent of the worlds agricultural land is organic.The hig

187、hest organic shares of the total agricultural land,by region,are in Oceania(8.6 percent)and Europe(3.1 percent;European Union 7.7 percent).Liechtenstein has the highest organic share with 38.5 percent Some countries reach far higher shares than the global share:Liechtenstein(38.5 percent)and Samoa(3

188、4.5 percent)have the highest organic shares.In sixteen countries,10 percent or more of the agricultural land is organic.Growth in organic farmland-Increase of 2.0 million hectares or 2.9 percent Organic farmland increased by 2.02 million hectares or 2.9 percent in 2018.Many countries reported a sign

189、ificant increase,for instance France(16.7 percent increase;over 0.27 million hectares more)and Uruguay(14.1 percent increase;almost 0.24 million hectares more).1 Dr.Helga Willer,Research Institute of Organic Agriculture(FiBL),Frick,Switzerland,www.fibl.org 2 Bernhard Schlatter,Research Institute of

190、Organic Agriculture(FiBL),Frick,Switzerland,www.fibl.org 3 Jan Trvn?ek,Research Institute of Organic Agriculture(FiBL),Frick,Switzerland,www.fibl.org 4 Laura Kemper,Research Institute of Organic Agriculture(FiBL),Frick,Switzerland,www.fibl.org 5 Julia Lernoud,Research Institute of Organic Agricultur

191、e(FiBL),Frick,Switzerland,www.fibl.org The World of Organic Agriculture Summary FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2020):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn21 Increase of organic farmland in all regions There was an increase in organic agricultural land in all regions.In Europe,the area g

192、rew by almost 1.25 million hectares(8.7 percent increase).In Asia,the area grew by almost 8.9 percent or an additional 0.54 million hectares;in Africa,the area grew by 0.2 percent or over 4000 hectares;in Latin America,the area grew by 0.2 percent or 13000 hectares;in North America by more than 3.5

193、percent or almost 0.1 million additional hectares;and in Oceania,the area grew by 0.3 percent or over 0.1 million hectares.Apart from the organic agricultural land,there is organic land dedicated to other activities,most of which are areas for wild collection and beekeeping.Further areas include aqu

194、aculture,forests,and grazing areas on non-agricultural land.These areas of non-agricultural land constitute more than 35.7 million hectares(see page 52).Growth in most major crop groups Land use and crop details were available for over 92 percent of the organic agricultural land.Unfortunately,some c

195、ountries with very large organic areas,such as Brazil and India,had little or no information on their land use(see page 77).Over two-thirds of the agricultural land was grassland/grazing areas(over 48.2 million hectares),which increased in 2018 by 2.9 percent.With a total of over 13.3 million hectar

196、es,arable land constitutes 18.6 percent of the organic agricultural land.An increase of almost 4.9 percent since 2017 was reported.Most of this category of land was used for cereals including rice(4.5 million hectares),followed by green fodder from arable land(almost 3.9 million hectares),oilseeds(1

197、.5 million hectares),dry pulses and textile crops.Detailed information on organic cotton was provided by Textile Exchange,who states that 2017/18 was a year to celebrate in the organic cotton sector.Not only did global production of organic cotton see an impressive 56 percent growth;it also represen

198、ted the highest volume seen since 2010/11 with a global total of 180871 metric tons in 2017/18.The growth stemmed predominantly from India,China and Kyrgyzstan,but also from Turkey,Tanzania,and Tajikistan.For more information,see Barsley et al.on page 142.Permanent crops account for seven percent of

199、 the organic agricultural land,amounting to over 4.7 million hectares.Compared to the previous survey,a decrease of more than-140000 hectares,or 2.9 percent,was reported;mainly due to fact that less coffee and tropical fruit was reported for Mexico.The most important crops are olives,with nearly 0.9

200、 million hectares or 18 percent,nuts(over 0.7 million hectares or 15 percent),coffee(over 0.7 million hectares or 15 percent),grapes(0.4 million hectares or 9 percent),coconut(0.4 million hectares or 8 percent),and cocoa(over 0.3 million hectares or 7 percent)(see page 72).The World of Organic Agric

201、ulture Summary 22 FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2020):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn Organic producers on the rise 2.8 million producers in 2018 There were at least 2.8 million organic producers in 2018.1 Forty-seven percent of the worlds organic producers are in Asia,followed b

202、y Africa(28 percent),Europe(15 percent)and Latin America(8 percent).The countries with the most producers are India(1149371),Uganda(210352),and Ethiopia(203602)(see page 58).There has been a decrease in the number of producers of almost 150000,or 5 percent,compared to 2017.Global market and EU organ

203、ic imports Global market has reached more than 95 billion euros Although organic food sales are growing at a healthy rate,there are still persistent challenges.For example,demand for organic foods remains concentrated in North America and Europe.Although the share of these two regions is declining,t

204、hey still comprise a large part of global sales.Conversely,it has been challenging for strong local markets to develop in Asian,Latin American and African countries.For more information,see the chapter by Sahota on page 138.Organic food and drink sales reached more than 95 billion euros according to

205、 FiBL(page 65)2,3 in 2018.In 2018,the countries with the largest organic markets were the United States(40.6 billion euros),Germany(10.9 billion euros),and France(9.1 billion euros).The largest single market was the United States(42 percent of the global market),followed by the European Union(37.3 b

206、illion euros,38.5 percent),and China(8.1 billion euros,8.3 percent).The highest per-capita consumption in 2018,with 312 euros,was found in Switzerland and Denmark.The highest organic market shares were reached in Denmark(11.5 percent),the first country to reach an organic market share of over ten pe

207、rcent,Switzerland(9.9 percent)and Sweden(9.6 percent)(See the chapter on the FiBL survey on the global market,page 65).Organic imports in the European Union The European Union,which is the second-biggest organic market,provided data on its organic imports,showing,for the first time,the key import pr

208、oducts and key importing countries(based on volume in metric tons).In 2018,the EU imported a total of 3.3 million tonnes of organic agri-food products.Imports of tropical fruit(fresh or dried),nuts and spices represented the single biggest category,totalling 793597 tonnes or 24.4 percent of total im

209、ports,followed by oilcakes,cereals other than wheat,as well as rice,and wheat.China is the biggest supplier of organic agri-food products 1 Please note that some countries report only the numbers of companies,projects,or grower groups,which may each comprise a number of individual producers.The numb

210、er of producers should,therefore,be treated with caution,and it may be assumed that the total number of organic producers is higher than that reported here.2 Please note that there are some differences in organic food sales figures from Ecovia Intelligence and those from FiBL due to different method

211、ologies.According to Ecovia Intelligence,global retail sales reached over 105 billion US dollars in 2018.3 One euro corresponded to 1.1810 US dollars in 2018 according to the European Central Bank.The World of Organic Agriculture Summary FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2020):The World of Organic A

212、griculture.Frick and Bonn23 to the EU,with 415243 tonnes of produce;that is 12.7 percent of the total organic import volume.Ecuador,the Dominican Republic,Ukraine and Turkey each have an 8 percent share of the total organic import volume.For more information,see contribution by Panichi on page 142).

213、Standards,legislation,policy support According to the IFOAM survey on standards and legislation,84 countries had organic standards in 2019,and 17 countries were in the process of drafting legislation.The European Union(EU)adopted the basic act of its new organic regulation in 2018,which will come in

214、to force in 2021.In 2018,the secondary legislation the delegated and implementing act for production,labelling,controls,and trade started to be drafted and adopted,in a process that will continue in 2020.One important change refers to group certification,which is currently only allowed in relation t

215、o the control of small operators in developing countries(as defined by OECD1).With the new regulation,it will be allowed everywhere in the world,including the EU.Group certification means that a certain number of small farmers can get organised and be certified as a single entity.For more informatio

216、n,see the chapter by Busacca et al.page 150.In the recent study“Group Certification:Internal Control Systems in Organic Agriculture:Significance,Opportunities and Challenges,”FiBL and IFOAM examined the current scale and scope of group certification by region and country.According to FiBL estimates,

217、about 80 percent of the worlds organic producers are smallholders in low and middle-income countries(58 countries in total),for whom individual certification would be unaffordable and administratively too complex to manage.In total,2.6 million producers were organized in 5800 internal control system

218、(ICS)groups and managed 4.5 million hectares of organic land in 2018(For more information,see chapter by Meinshausen et al.on page 159).In the article“The Mainstreaming of Organic Agriculture in the Himalaya Region”,the policy contexts in Bhutan,India and Nepal are analysed.Over the last ten years,B

219、hutanese,Nepalese,and Indian policymakers have increasingly recognised the need to transition towards sustainable agriculture,including organic agricultural systems,to preserve their natural resources and improve livelihoods for their rural populations.However,there are also challenges associated wi

220、th this transition.More information can be found in the article by Varini on page 178.Participatory Guarantee Systems(PGS)are locally focused quality assurance systems.PGS have proven to be an affordable alternative to third-party certification,an effective tool to develop local markets for organic

221、produce and are particularly appropriate for small-scale farmers.Since 2004,the number of PGS initiatives has been growing on all continents,and they now represent a well-established guarantee 1 Development Assistance Committee(DAC)list of Official Development Assistance(ODA)recipients:http:/www.oec

222、d.org/dac/financing-sustainable-development/development-finance-standards/daclist.htm The World of Organic Agriculture Summary 24 FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2020):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn system for Organic Agriculture in many countries.In 2019,ten countries had recogni

223、sed PGS as a guarantee system to ensure the organic quality of products at the national level.In 2019,IFOAM Organics International recorded 223 PGS initiatives in 76 countries in its PGS database,with at least 567142 producers involved.Of these producers,496104 were certified.For more information,se

224、e the chapter by Katto-Andrighetto et al.on page 164.Statistics provided by Demeter International show that there are more than 5900 Demeter farmers worldwide with over 200000 hectares in 63 countries(June 2019).Demeter International was founded in 1997 and currently has 19 members and four guest me

225、mbers from Europe,America,Africa,New Zealand and India.For details see article by Simpfendrfer and Fischer,page 173.Organic in the Continents Africa There were more than 2 million hectares of certified organic agricultural land in Africa in 2018.Compared to 2017,Africa reported an increase of 4130 h

226、ectares,a 0.2 percent increase.There were at least 806000 producers.Tunisia was the country with the largest organic area(with almost 306500 hectares in 2017),and Uganda had the largest number of organic producers(more than 210000).The country with the highest organic share of the total agricultural

227、 land in the region was the island state Sao Tome and Principe,with 22.5 percent of its agricultural area being organic.The majority of certified organic products in Africa are destined for export markets.Key crops are coffee,olives,nuts,cocoa,oilseeds,and cotton(see page 193).Four countries in Afri

228、ca have legislation on organic agriculture,and six countries are in the process of drafting legislation.Five countries have a national standard but no organic legislation.In Africa,significant efforts have been made in mainstreaming organic agriculture into policy,national extension systems,marketin

229、g and value chain development,and curricula of some academic institutions and African-led research activities in the continent.Partners of the Ecological Organic Agriculture Initiative(EOA-I)established databases to make research findings and knowledge on Ecological Organic Agriculture(EOA)available

230、 and accessible by various users.Multi-stakeholder platforms with varying membership compositions have been established in all eight participating EOA-I countries(Benin,Ethiopia,Kenya,Mali,Nigeria,Senegal,Tanzania and Uganda)and consequently,some countries have made good progress in advocating for p

231、olicy change by having polices enacted and introducing policy drafts.The African Union(AU)-led EOA-I Continental Steering Committee(CSC)provided strategic guidance on the implementation of EOA in Africa as informed by various efforts including urging Ministers of the Ordinary Session of the Speciali

232、zed Technical Committee on Agriculture,Rural Development,Water and Environment to approve important elements of mainstreaming organic agriculture into national,policy,plans and programs.Several important conferences took place:The World of Organic Agriculture Summary FiBL&IFOAM Organics Internationa

233、l(2020):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn25 The 1st International Conference on Agroecology Transforming Agriculture and Food Systems in Africa(June 2019)in Nairobi,Kenya;the 5th West African Organic Conference(“Organic Agriculture:Life for All”)by the West African Organic Network held

234、 in Ghana from 12th to 15th November,the 1st EU/North-African conference on organic agriculture focusing on“Bridging the gap,empowering organic Africa”in Marrakesh,Morocco from 11-12 November.The Network of Organic Agriculture Researchers in Africa(NOARA)rigorously stepped up its activities with the

235、 registration of over 200 members from 16 countries,cutting across all regions of Africa and three non-African countries that contributed to various organic agriculture conferences that took place in Africa.The network launched its maiden edition of the African Journal of Organic Agriculture and Eco

236、logy(AJOAE)during the 5th West Africa Organic Conference and is currently leading the process of developing a demand-driven Organic Agriculture Research Agenda for Africa 2030(OARAA 2030)with a multi-stakeholder approach,expected to be completed by June 2020.The momentum for supporting organic agric

237、ulture in Africa has picked up and more progress is expected in the coming years.For more information,see the chapter by Gama and Amudavi,page 186.Asia The total area dedicated to organic agriculture in Asia was more than 6.5 million hectares in 2018.There were 1.3 million producers,most of which we

238、re in India.The leading countries by area were China(3.1 million hectares)and India(over 1.9 million hectares).Timor-Leste had the highest proportion of organic agricultural land(16.8 percent)(page 209).Seventeen countries in the region have legislation on organic agriculture,and eight countries are

239、 in the process of drafting legislation.Significant achievements were observed in some Asian countries in 2019,such as the launch of the third version of the national organic standard in China.Similarly,the National Organic Agriculture Board of the Philippines approved the resolution for the inclusi

240、on of Participatory Guarantee Systems(PGS)in the national organic standards.In South Korea,a pilot program started to provide environment-friendly rice to military bases,and the central government approved the budget to provide a box scheme of environmentally-friendly food to pregnant women.Both ini

241、tiatives are expected to boost organic farming substantially.The demand for organic food in Asia continues to grow fast,and it is uncertain whether the supply of local organic produce can keep up with the ever-increasing demand(see chapter by Hossein and Chang on page 202).The dynamic nature of the

242、organic sector in Asia is shown by the many activities taking place on the continent:In China and the Philippines IFOAM Asia opened country offices,and global interest in the Asian Local Governments for Organic Agriculture(ALGOA)1 grew with the hosting of the International Organic Agriculture 1 Asia

243、n Local Governments for Organic Agriculture(ALGOA)is a sub-organization under IFOAM Asia and is legally registered in South Korea.The current membership stands at over 260 with representation of local The World of Organic Agriculture Summary 26 FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2020):The World of Or

244、ganic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn Policy Summit,which took place in September 2019.The Asia Organic Youth Forum will be expanded into a“World Organic Youth Forum”in June 2020,and the Asia Organic Innovation Committee launched in December 2019 will carry out research and document best practices in inn

245、ovations in Asia.Europe As of the end of 2018,15.6 million hectares of agricultural land in Europe(European Union 13.8 million hectares)were managed organically by over 418000 producers(European Union:over 327000).In Europe,3.1 percent of the agricultural area was organic(European Union:7.7 percent)

246、.Organic farmland has increased by over 1.25 million hectares compared to 2017.The countries with the largest organic agricultural areas were Spain(2.2 million hectares),France(2.0 million hectares),and Italy(2.0 million hectares).In ten countries,at least 10 percent of the farmland is organic:Liech

247、tenstein has the lead(38.5 percent),followed by Austria(24.7 percent)and Estonia(21.6 percent).Retail sales of organic products totalled 40.7 billion euros in 2018(European Union:37.4 billion euros),an increase of 7.8 percent since 2017.The largest market for organic products in 2018 was Germany,wit

248、h retail sales of 10.9 billion euros,followed by France(9.1 billion euros),and Italy(3.5 billion euros)(see the article by Willer et al.,page 227).Mainstream retailers generate most organic food sales in Europe(page 218).In June 2018,the new European Union(EU)Regulation 2018/848 on production and la

249、belling of organic products was published;it will apply from 01 January 2021.The process of developing secondary legislation started in June 2018 and should be concluded at the latest by June 2020,six months before the actual application of the new organic regulation.Furthermore,in June 2018,the Eur

250、opean Commission launched its proposal for the Common Agricultural Policy(CAP)from 2021 to 2027.A new feature of the CAP is the proposed eco-schemes,which offer a good opportunity to compensate farmers who want to do more for the climate and the environment.However,according to IFOAM EU,eco-schemes

251、should be better defined in order to favour farming systems that provide multiple objectives including organic farming.On the research side,several major projects focussing on organic agriculture were launched,and the Technology Platform for Organic Food and Farming(TP Organics)finalized its new Str

252、ategic Research&Innovation Agenda for Organics&Agroecology(TP Organics 2019).This document serves to relay the research needs of the organic sector to policymakers.The four main research areas(moving organics further,redesign of food and agricultural policies,climate-resilient and diversified farmin

253、g systems,and sustainable value chains)and 29 identified priorities require support at the EU level.For more information,see article by Willer et al.on page 218.governments from 18 countries in Asia and Central Asia.The World of Organic Agriculture Summary FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2020):The

254、 World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn27 Latin America and the Caribbean In Latin America,almost 228000 producers managed over 8 million hectares of agricultural land organically in 2018.This constituted 11 percent of the worlds organic land and 1.1 percent of the regions agricultural land.The

255、 leading countries were Argentina(3.6 million hectares),Uruguay(2.1 million hectares),and Brazil(1.2 million hectares).The highest shares of organic agricultural land were in Uruguay(14.9 percent),French Guiana(10.1 percent),and the Dominican Republic(7.2 percent).Many Latin American countries remai

256、n important exporters of organic products such as coffee,cocoa,and bananas.In Argentina and Uruguay,temperate fruit and meat are key export commodities.Nineteen countries in the region have legislation on organic agriculture,and one country is in the process of drafting legislation.Brazil has the la

257、rgest market for organic products in Latin America.Similar to Asia,demand is coming from a growing middle class that is seeking healthy,nutritious foods(Sahota,page 138).Notable developments took place in 2019 in Mexico,Chile,Brazil and Peru.In Mexico,the new National Agroecology Plan aims to establ

258、ish agroecology as a guiding principle in environmental policies,encompassing production,distribution,processing and consumption.In April 2019,the implementation of the Memorandum of Understanding on Organic Products between Chile and Brazil was announced.This memorandum will promote trade in organi

259、c products in both countries through the mutual recognition of their certification and control systems.In Peru,the first edition of the International Food Education Forum was held in November 2019 to promote healthy eating and nutritional education.Perus enforcement of Law No.30021(Law for Promotion

260、 of Healthy Eating)aims to promote education policies on healthy food and a national nutrition education program in schools.Through these initiatives,organic and agroecologically-produced food is highlighted.For more information,see the chapter by Flores on page 266.North America In North America,3.

261、3 million hectares of farmland were managed organically in 2018.Of these,2 million were in the United States and 1.3 million in Canada,representing 0.8 percent of the total agricultural area in the region(see page 278).New records were achieved in both the US organic food market and organic non-food

262、 market.Organic food sales reached 47.9 billion US dollars,1 an increase of 5.9 percent compared to 2017.Sales of organic non-food products jumped by 10.6 percent to 4.6 billion US dollars.Almost six percent of the food sold in the United States is now organic.In 2019,the US organic sector moved ahe

263、ad with an innovative check-off programme for which,in less than a year,organic stakeholders invested 1.5 million US dollars to advance projects focussing on four key actions.Other developments include the National Organic Programs(NOP)expected release of a proposed rule 1 According to the Central E

264、uropean Bank,1 euro corresponded to 1.1810 US dollars in 2018.The World of Organic Agriculture Summary 28 FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2020):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn early in 2020 on“Strengthening Organic Enforcement and Oversight”aiming to strengthen the organic regulati

265、ons in multiple areas,where increased oversight and enforcement are needed.For more information,see article by Haumann on page 278.Canadas total organic market(including food and non-food items)reached 6.38 billion Canadian dollars,1 up from 3.5 billion in 2012,with a compound annual growth rate of

266、8.7 percent.Statistics indicate the market share of organic food and beverages sold through mainstream retailers has grown from 1.7 to 2.6 percent(2017).The Canadian Organic Standards are in their review process,to be updated as part of its regular 5-year review process.The new standards will be pub

267、lished in November 2020 and will be mandatory as of November 2021.Canada will be reviewing equivalency arrangements in light of these changes as well as the new regulatory framework.For more information,see the chapter by Loftsgard on page 283.Oceania This region includes Australia,New Zealand,and t

268、he Pacific Island states.Altogether,there were almost 21000 producers,managing 36.0 million hectares.This constituted 8.6 percent of the agricultural land in the region and half of the worlds organic land.More than 99 percent of the organic land in the region is in Australia(35.7 million hectares,mo

269、st of which is extensive grazing land),followed by Samoa(more than 97000 hectares),and New Zealand(almost 89000 hectares).The highest organic shares of all national agricultural land were in Samoa(34.5 percent),followed by Vanuatu(13.7 percent),Fiji(9.7 percent),Australia(8.8 percent),Kiribati(4.7 p

270、ercent),and Solomon Islands(4.4 percent).Four countries in Oceania have legislation on organic agriculture,and twelve countries have a national standard but no organic legislation.Now estimated to be worth 2.6 billion Australian dollars,the Australian organic industry(exports and retail sales)contin

271、ued to grow in 2018 despite harsh environmental conditions-with many regions still experiencing significant drought.The growing interest in Australian products from export markets is continuing to forge ahead with the total export volume for 2018 growing by 13 percent since 2017.Over 2018,30,155 ton

272、nes of organic products were exported to 61 different countries.For more information about Australia,see the report by Kendrick on page 292.While certification continues to expand across the Pacific and governments are becoming increasingly interested in taking action to create a supportive policy e

273、nvironment,a significant development is that regional and national agencies and development partners are increasingly recognising the value of organic agriculture as a development tool for the Pacific islands context.PGS models in the Pacific include wild harvest,“whole island”,as well as more tradi

274、tional grower groups,and there are currently 11 PGS approved to use the Organic Pasifika Mark.The number and variety 1 According to the Central European Bank,1 euro corresponded to 1.5294 Canadian dollars in 2018.The World of Organic Agriculture Summary FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2020):The Wo

275、rld of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn29 of PGS-certified products on local markets and for export is expanding.Third-party organic certification continues to grow slowly.For some growers of long-term crops such as coconuts,devastation by tropical cyclones makes maintaining certification through

276、the recovery period uneconomical.These issues are likely to be exacerbated under climate change scenarios with more frequent and stronger climate events(see the chapter by Mapusua,page 297).Outlook In her outlook,Louise Luttikholt,executive Director of IFOAM Organics International,explains that UN i

277、nstitutions are increasingly recognising the role of agroecology as a science,a practice,and a social movement that contributes to making agriculture and food systems more sustainable.At the Committee of World Food Securitys FAO meeting in October 2019,represented countries expressed overwhelming su

278、pport for the“Scaling up Agroecology”initiative.IFOAM is honoured to support these conversations through its global campaigns,like“Honest Food”(www.honestfood.bio).By communicating the positive contributions of organic agriculture clearly,we can build new partnerships and together create greater awa

279、reness of how organic agriculture is part of the solution.For more information,see the chapter by Luttikholt on page 306.IFOAM Organic World Congress and Statistics preconference In 2020,the 20th Organic World Congress(OWC)will be held from 21-27 September in Rennes,France.In the days leading up to

280、the congress,delegates have the opportunity to participate in one of eight,topic-specific pre-conferences,one of them focussing on statistics.More information is available at OWC 2020 website https:/owc.ifoam.bio/2020/.Next FiBL survey on organic agriculture worldwide The next global organic survey

281、will start in mid-2020;data will be published in February 2021 and presented at the Biofach Organic Trade Fair in Nuremberg,Germany.We will contact all relevant experts and would be very grateful if data could be sent to us.Should you notice any errors regarding the statistical data in this volume,p

282、lease let us know;we will then correct the information in our database and provide the corrected data in the 2021 edition of“The World of Organic Agriculture.”Corrections will also be posted at www.organic-.Contact:helga.willerfibl.org 30 FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2020):The World of Organic

283、Agriculture.Frick and Bonn Infographic 1:Key indicators 2018 Source:FiBL survey 2020 FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2020):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn31 Organic Agriculture Worldwide:Current Statistics AfricaLatin AmericaEuropeOceaniaNorth America3.3 mio ha8.0 mio ha15.6 mio ha

284、6.5 mio ha 36.0 mio ha0.07 mio ha2.8 mio haAgricultural landOther(wild collection,beekeeping,aquaculture,forests,grazed non agricultural land)Asia2.0 mio ha11.5 mio ha 17.3 mio ha Map 1:Organic agricultural land and non-agricultural areas in 2018(in hectares)Source:FiBL survey 2020 Statistics Introd

285、uction?32 FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2020):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn?Current Statistics on Organic Agriculture Worldwide:Area,Operators and Market BERNHARD SCHLATTER1,JAN TRVN?EK2,JULIA LERNOUD3 AND HELGA WILLER4 Introduction The 21st survey of certified organic agricult

286、ure worldwide was carried out by the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture(FiBL)in collaboration with many partners from around the world.The results are published jointly with IFOAM Organics International.This survey was supported by the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs(SECO),the In

287、ternational Trade Centre(ITC),5 the Sustainability Fund of Coop Switzerland,6 and NrnbergMesse.7 Data providers In total,data were provided by more than 200 experts.Governments,private sector organizations,certifiers,and market research companies have contributed to the data collection effort.Severa

288、l international certifiers deserve special mention as they provided data on several countries:BioInspecta,CCPB,CERES,Certisys,Control Union,Ecocert,Ecoglobe,Ekoagros,ICEA,Imocert,Kiwa BCS Oko-Garantie GmbH,LACON,NASAA Certified Organic(NCO),Organic Agriculture Certification Thailand(ACT),Organizacin

289、 Internacional Agropecuaria(OIA),OneCert,and Quality Certification Services(QCS).A new collaboration with the Inter-American Commission for Organic Agriculture(CIAO)eased data collection in Latin American the Caribbean substantially.Data from the Mediterranean countries were supplied by the Mediterr

290、anean Organic Agriculture Network(MOAN,c/o Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari),as it has been for the past decade.Data from the Pacific Islands was provided by the Pacific Organic and Ethical Trade Community(POET.com).Another important source?1 Bernhard Schlatter,Research Institute of Organic

291、 Agriculture(FiBL),Frick,Switzerland,www.fibl.org 2 Jan Trvn?ek,Research Institute of Organic Agriculture(FiBL),Frick,Switzerland,www.fibl.org 3 Julia Lernoud,Research Institute of Organic Agriculture(FiBL),Frick,Switzerland,www.fibl.org 4 Dr.Helga Willer,Research Institute of Organic Agriculture(Fi

292、BL),Frick,Switzerland,www.fibl.org 5 Since 2014,data collection on organic agriculture worldwide has been funded by the International Trade Centre(ITC)and the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs(SECO)under the project“T4SD Global Platform for Market Data on Organic Agriculture and Sustainab

293、ility Standards”.For more information on this project,see www.vss.fibl.org 6 Since 2019,the data collection on organic agriculture has been supported by the Sustainability Fund of Coop Switzerland.7 The organisers of BIOFACH,the World Organic Trade Fair in Nuremberg,Germany(today:NrnbergMesse),have

294、supported data collection on organic agriculture worldwide and the production of the yearbook“The World of Organic Agriculture”since 2000.Statistics Introduction FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2020):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn33 covering many countries is Eurostat.A list of al

295、l data sources and contacts is provided in the annex.Countries covered In total,data from 186 countries/territories were available.Gambia,Guinea,Mauritania,and Mayotte are new to the list of countries with organic data.Updated data on the organic area was available for 142 countries;however,for some

296、 countries,updates were only available for the total organic area and not necessarily for the number of farms,land use,or other indicators.For the countries for which FiBL compiles the data among certifiers,not all certifiers provided updated data.When no new data was available,data from the previou

297、s survey were used.Table 1:Countries and territories covered by the global survey on organic agriculture 2018 Region Countries*with data on organic agriculture Countries per region1 Share of countries that provided data(%)Africa 47 61 77%Asia 42 51 82%Europe 48 51 94%Latin America and Caribbean 33 4

298、8 69%North America 3 4 75%Oceania 13 24 54%World 186 239 78%Source:FiBL survey 2020*Where the designation country appears in this book,it covers countries or territories.2 Indicators covered Data on the following indicators were collected:Organic area in hectares including breakdown by crop;livestoc

299、k numbers;production data(volumes and values);producers and further operator types;domestic market data(total retail sales and food service sales values and volumes,per capita consumption,share of the total market,and breakdown by product);international trade data(total import and export values and

300、volumes,and breakdown by product).Not all data that was collected is published in this book(e.g.,production,livestock numbers,breakdown by product for the domestic market and international trade data)because it was not possible to draw a complete global picture for these indicators.More information

301、about the data collection and analysis process is available in our metadata,which can be found on Organic Eprints(http:/orgprints.org/31359).1 Number of countries and areas are mostly based on countries as listed in the FAO database at http:/www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/RL as well as some additional

302、 countries such as Kosovo.2 For more information on countries,territories and regions see the UNSTAT website at http:/unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49.htm.Statistics Introduction 34 FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2020):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn Challenges with the 2020 su

303、rvey With the 2020 survey we experienced a number of challenges:We had data in our database,for which we had not received updates or confirmation for several years.We decided not to continue using this data after a certain point of time(e.g.from 2015 onwards),which resulted in a substantial drop in

304、area and producers for some countries.We revised some of the crop data for some countries,as the data seemed implausible.We received some major data revisions for some countries,sometimes resulting in a drop of area and producers or change of crop data compared to what we had communicated previously

305、.Special case of Mexico:There is a challenge with the number of producers in some countries,as some certifiers provide data on all producers including small holders,whereas other certifiers provide data on the certificates only.This problem became particularly marked in the case of Mexico,where the

306、data source changed,and the new source does not include the smallholder farmers,resulting in a major drop of organic producers in Mexico and Latin America as a whole.The change of data source had also an effect on the global number of organic producers:Almost 150000,or 5.0 percent less producers wer

307、e recorded compared with 2017.However,in all other continents,with the exception of Africa,the number of producers increased.More information on statistics.fibl.org Interactive tables and graphs with more details on crops,markets,and international trade,as well as explanations for certain data can b

308、e found on FiBLs statistics website statistics.fibl.org.Contact:Enquiries related to the data should be sent to Helga Willer,Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL,Frick,Switzerland,e-mail helga.willerfibl.org.Statistics General Notes FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2020):The World of Orga

309、nic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn35 General notes on the data Area:Data represents certified organic land that is already fully converted as well as land under conversion because many data sources do not separate or include the latter(for instance,Austria,Germany,and Switzerland)and because land under

310、conversion is under organic management.For a definition of organic agriculture,see the IFOAM Organics International website.1 Area share of total agricultural land:In some cases,the calculation of the organic share of the total agricultural land or that of individual crops,based on FAOSTAT and in so

311、me cases the Eurostat data,might differ from the organic shares obtained from ministries or local experts.Producer data:Some countries report the number of smallholders while others report only the number of companies,projects,or grower groups,which may each comprise several producers.This applies i

312、n particular to many African countries.The number of producers is,therefore,probably higher than the number communicated in this report.Market data:It should be noted that for market and trade data,comparing country statistics remains very problematic due to differing methods of data collection.Furt

313、hermore,for market and trade values fluctuating exchange rates must be kept in mind.PGS:Since 2011,for some countries,areas certified by Participatory Guarantee Systems(PGS)have been included.(For more information about PGS,see the article by Katto-Andrighetto et al.on page 164).Country definitions:

314、For countries and territories,the FAO country list is used.Where the designation country appears in this report,it covers countries or territories.In most cases,countries are groups by region according to the Standard Country and Area Classifications as defined by the United Nations Statistics Divis

315、ion1.Sources:Data was gathered from private sector organizations,governments,and certification bodies.For detailed information on the data sources,please check the annex at the end of this volume(page 315).Direct year-to-year comparison:A direct year-to-year comparison is not possible for all data a

316、s the data sources may change,data may not be provided on an annual basis,data access may improve,or exchange rates might change.Completeness of data:For some countries,either no current data were available,or the data provided may not be complete.For others,no data were available.It may,therefore,b

317、e assumed that the extent of organic agriculture is larger than documented in this publication.Data revisions:Data revisions and corrections are communicated at www.organic- for the FiBL survey on organic agriculture worldwide are available on Organic Eprints at http:/orgprints.org/31359.1 The defin

318、ition of organic agriculture is available at the website of IFOAM Organics International www.ifoam.bio/en/organic-landmarks/definition-organic-agriculture?36 FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2020):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn?Infographic 2:Organic farmland 2018 Source:FiBL survey

319、 2020Statistics Organic Agricultural Land FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2020):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn37 Organic land Organic agricultural land In 2018,71.5 million hectares were under organic agricultural management worldwide.1 The region with the most organic agricultura

320、l land is Oceania,with 36 million hectares,followed by Europe with 15.6 million hectares,Latin America(8 million hectares),Asia(6.5 million hectares),North America(3.3 million hectares),and Africa(2.0 million hectares).Oceania has half of the global organic agricultural land.Europe,a region that has

321、 had a very constant growth of organic land over the years,has over 22 percent of the worlds organic agricultural land followed by Latin America with 11 percent(Table 2,Figure 1).Australia,which continued to experience growth of its organic area in 2018(+42761 hectares),is the country with the most

322、organic agricultural land;it is estimated that 97 percent of the farmland is extensive grazing areas.Argentina is second followed by China in third place(Table 2,Figure 2).The 10 countries with the largest organic agricultural areas have a combined total of 56.2 million hectares and constitute three

323、-quarters of the worlds organic agricultural land.Apart from the organic agricultural land,there are further organic areas such as wild collection areas.These areas constitute more than 35.7 million hectares.Table 2:World:Organic agricultural land(including in-conversion areas)and regions shares of

324、the global organic agricultural land 2018 Region Organic agricultural land hectares Regions shares of the global organic agricultural land Africa 2003976 3%Asia 6537226 9%Europe 15635505 22%Latin America 8008581 11%North America 3335002 5%Oceania 35999373 50%World*71514583 100%Source:FiBL survey 202

325、0.Note:Agricultural land includes in-conversion areas and excludes wild collection,aquaculture,forest,and non-agricultural grazing areas.*Includes correction value for French overseas departments.1 Data provided both for the fully converted and in conversion area are included in this work.However,so

326、me countries provided only data on the fully converted area,others only on the total organic agricultural land,and thus the conversion area is not known for many countries.Statistics Organic Agricultural Land 38 FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2020):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn

327、Figure 1:World:Distribution of organic agricultural land by region 2018 Source:FiBL survey 2020,based on information from the private sector,certifiers,and governments.For detailed data sources see annex,page 315 1.521.941.962.022.042.152.253.143.6335.69010203040GermanyIndiaItalyUnited States of Ame

328、ricaFranceUruguaySpainChinaArgentinaAustraliaMillion hectaresThe ten countries with the largest areas of organic agricultural land 2018Source:FiBL survey 2020 Figure 2:World:The ten countries with the largest areas of organic agricultural land 2018 Source:FiBL survey 2020,based on information from t

329、he private sector,certifiers,and governments.For detailed data sources see annex,page 315 Statistics Organic Agricultural Land FiBL&IFOAM Organics International(2020):The World of Organic Agriculture.Frick and Bonn39 Table 3:World:Organic agricultural land(including in-conversion areas)by country 20

330、18(sorted)For an alphabetical country list(including information on data year),see page 310.Country Hectares Australia 35687799 Argentina 3629968 China 3135000 Spain 2246475 Uruguay 2147083 France 2035024 United States of America 2023430 Italy 1958045 India 1938221 Germany 1521314 Canada 1311572 Bra

331、zil 1188255 Turkey 646247 Austria 637805 Sweden 608758 Russian Federation 606975 Czech Republic 538894 Greece 492627 Poland 484676 United Kingdom 457377 Romania 326260 Peru 311461 Ukraine 309100 Tunisia 306467 Finland 297442 Latvia 280383 Tanzania 278467 Uganda 262282 Denmark 256711 Indonesia 251631

332、 Lithuania 239691 Viet Nam 237693 Philippines 218570 Portugal 213118 Hungary 209382 Estonia 206590 Kazakhstan 192134 Slovakia 188986 Ethiopia 186155 Mexico 183225 Dominican Republic 169026 Bulgaria 162332 Switzerland 160992 Kenya 154488 Ireland 118699 Country Hectares Egypt 116000 Bolivia 114306 Cro

333、atia 103166 Sierra Leone 99238 Samoa 97656 Thailand 95066 Belgium 89025 New Zealand 88871 South Africa 82818 Sri Lanka 77169 Sudan 76941 Pakistan 64885 Timor-Leste 63882 Congo,D.R.60624 Netherlands 57904 Nigeria 57117 Burkina Faso 56663 Cte dIvoire 50574 Papua New Guinea 49573 Madagascar 48757 Slovenia 47848 Norway 46377 Paraguay 42818 Ecuador 41793 Togo 41323 Fiji 41154 Azerbaijan 37630 Nicaragua