1、2023World Steel in FiguresThe long-term sustainability of the steel industry has always been a priority for the World Steel Association and our members.Back in 1972 we published our first environmental policy and standards statement and since then we have been continuously updating our commitments t

2、o incorporate the stringent requirements coming from our customers and wider society.We use an increasingly broad definition of sustainability,focusing not just on care of the environment,but also including safety and health,education and training,ethical and transparent governance,and other element

3、s of sustainability.Today,delivering the significant emissions reductions that the framework of the Paris Agreement requires at a time when production of steel is increasing across the world will require all of us in the industry to create and deploy radically different steelmaking technologies with

4、 great speed,and to develop markets in which our low-carbon steel products are commercially viable.As part of our sustainability journey this year we will be hosting two events for the steel value chain,our second Open Forum and our inaugural Breakthrough Technology Conference.By engaging the wider

5、steel community we hope to accelerate the decarbonisation of our own industry and strengthen steels position as the material of choice enabling other sectors to meet their own decarbonisation targets.World Steel in Figures provides a snapshot of the dynamics of the global steel industry in 2022,whic

6、h I hope you will find interesting.Please dont hesitate to contact us via worldsteel.org with any questions or comments.Best wishes,ForewordDr Edwin Basson Director General For terminology definitions,please refer to our glossary at worldsteel.org/about-steel/glossary.For details on the notation use

7、d in this publication,please refer to page 31.Data finalised 18 May 2023.INTRODUCTIONForewordworldsteels sustainability journeyCRUDE STEEL PRODUCTIONWorld crude steel production,1950 to 2022Top steel-producing companies,2022Major steel-producing countries,2021 and 2022Crude steel production by proce

8、ss,2022Continuously-cast steel output,2020 to 2022Monthly crude steel production,2019 to 2022STEEL USESteel production and use:geographical distribution,2012Steel production and use:geographical distribution,2022Apparent steel use,2018 to 2022Apparent steel use per capita,2018 to 2022RAW MATERIALSPi

9、g iron,2021 and 2022Direct reduced iron production,2018 to 2022Iron ore,2021World trade in iron ore by area,2022Trade in ferrous scrap,2021 and 2022World trade in ferrous scrap by area,2022TRADEWorld trade in steel products,1975 to 2022World volume of trade,2000 to 2022World steel exports by product

10、,2018 to 2022World steel trade by area,2022Major importers and exporters of steel,2022INDIRECT TRADEIndirect trade in steel,2001 to 2019Major indirect importers and exporters of steel,2019True steel use,2015 to 2019Apparent and true steel use per capita,2019STEEL MARKETSSteel use by sector,202234789

11、1011121415161718192021222324242526272828292930Contents232010 Annual Steelie Awards launched.worldsteels sustainability journey1967International Iron and Steel Institute(IISI)was founded.1993First Sustainable Development Policy published.2008Annual CO2 data collection programme launched.2021New Susta

12、inability Principles issued.2022Updated Sustainability Charter now signed by 40 organisations.2021Updated life cycle inventory data for 17 products published.1985ENCO participates in the first meeting of UNEP Consultative Committee.2003steeluniversity,online learning and training programme,launched.

13、2009 First Sustainability Charter published.1972 Policy statement on the environment adopted.1995Policy statement on LCA adopted and first life cycle inventory collection launched.2008 IISI renamed World Steel Association(worldsteel).1978ENCO formalises contact with the WHOs health criteria programm

14、e.1996Policy statement on climate change agreed.1999Safety programme launched.2006Safety and health guiding principles published.2004 11 Sustainability Indicators introduced,contributing to first sustainability report in 2005.2014 Annual Safety Day Campaign launched,reinforcing awareness of the main

15、 causes of safety incidents.2019Step Up,a multi-step operational efficiency improvement programme,launched.2023Second Open Forum to be held on 12-13 September in Antwerp,Belgium.2023 First Breakthrough Technology Conference organised on 5-6 December,Abu Dhabi,UAE.1967International Iron and Steel Ins

16、titute(IISI)*was founded.2012 Upgraded online benchmarking system covering CO2,energy,maintenance,yields,safety,and sustainability indicators.1977IISIs environment committee(ENCO)assists the United Nations Environment Programme(UNEP)in preparing a seminar on Environment and the Steel Industry.2018Su

17、stainability Champions programme launched.Steel supply chain project launched.Find out more about these events on the next page.45Sustainability programmes planned for 2023Since 2022,worldsteel has embarked on a new journey to improve dialogue and collaboration between the steel industrys many stake

18、holders to share ideas and find solutions to reduce CO2 emissions in the immediate term,as well as speed up the transition through bridge and breakthrough technologies in the intermediate and long term horizon of 2040-50.This dialogue spans both aspects steelmaking technology development and enablin

19、g conditions such as policy and input material availability.Two events focusing on dialogue and collaboration are planned:Breakthrough Technology Conference 2023|5-6 December 2023|UAEThis event aims to facilitate an open and constructive dialogue between researchers and engineers from within the ste

20、el industry ecosystem active in developing low-CO2 emission iron and steelmaking technologies.The conference will provide a platform to network,engage and exchange knowledge throughout the steel value chain.Our inaugural breakthrough technology conference will expand discussions to cover a broad ran

21、ge of topics directly related to the transition.These will include hydrogen utilisation(reduction,BF injection,heating),CCUS,use of alternative carbon sources,electrification(EAF,electrolysis,heating),scrap,efficiency and other cross-cutting issues.For more details,contact Rizwan Janjua,Head,Technol

22、ogy,worldsteel(janjuaworldsteel.org).Open Forum 2023|12-13 September 2023|BelgiumBuilding on the success of our inaugural event held in 2022,we once again aim to reach beyond steelmakers to engage with stakeholders in the steelmaking ecosystem,including equipment manufacturers,suppliers,related indu

23、stries,international bodies,financial institutions and academia.The event will focus the discussion on the following topics:climate policy implementation,financing the transition,raw material requirements,energy availability,steel-using sectors and chain of custody.For more details,contact sa Ekdahl

24、,Head,Environment and Climate Change,worldsteel(ekdahlworldsteel.org).Our industry fully supports the aims of the Paris Agreement.YearsWorld19501891955270196034719654561970595197564419807171985719199077019957532000850YearsWorld20121 56320131 65320141 67520151 62420161 63320171 73720181 82820191 8772

25、0201 88220211 96220221 885020040060080010001200140016001800200019501960197019801990200020102020million tonnes,crude steel productionmillion tonnes,crude steel production Average growth rates%per annumYearsWorld1950-551955-601960-651965-701970-751975-801980-851985-901990-951995-002000-052005-102010-1

26、52015-202020-227.45.15.65.51.62.20.11.4-0.52.56.24.62.53.00.2YearsWorld20018522002905200397120041 06320051 14820061 25020071 35020081 34520091 24120101 43520111 540World crude steel production 1950 to 202267million tonnes,crude steel productionmillion tonnes,crude steel productionRankCompany Tonnage

27、RankCompanyTonnage1China Baowu Group(1)131.8426Techint Group14.862ArcelorMittal(2)68.8927U.S.Steel14.493Ansteel Group(3)55.6528Shenglong Metallurgical14.214Nippon Steel Corporation(4)44.3729Baotou Steel14.185Shagang Group41.4530Jingye Group13.976HBIS Group41.0031China Steel Corporation13.967POSCO Ho

28、ldings38.6432Sinogiant Group13.958Jianlong Group36.5633Tsingshan Holding13.929Shougang Group33.8234Gerdau S.A.13.9010Tata Steel30.1835EVRAZ12.5011Shandong Steel Group29.4236Zenith Steel12.2312Delong Steel27.9037Shaanxi Steel12.1713Hunan Steel Group(5)26.4338MMK11.6914JFE Steel Corporation26.2039Anya

29、ng Steel11.1815JSW Steel Limited23.3840Sanming Steel11.0316Nucor Corporation20.6041Nanjing Steel11.0017Fangda Steel19.7042Severstal10.6918Hyundai Steel18.7743thyssenkrupp9.9319Liuzhou Steel18.2144Steel Dynamics,Inc.9.7320IMIDRO(6)18.0045Donghai Special Steel9.6521SAIL17.9346Jiuquan Steel9.0122Clevel

30、and-Cliffs16.8047Jindal Steel and Power 8.0123NLMK16.0048Erdemir Group7.7924Rizhao Steel15.6349Jinxi Steel7.4325CITIC Pacific15.0350voestalpine Group7.42(1)Includes tonnage of Xinyu Steel (2)Includes 60%AM/NS India(former Essar Steel)(3)Includes tonnage of Benxi Steel (4)Includes Nippon Steel Stainl

31、ess Steel Corporation,Sanyo Special Steel,Ovako,40%AM/NS India and 31.4%USIMINAS(5)Former Valin Group (6)Estimated combined tonnage of Mobarakeh Steel,Esfahan Steel,Khuzestan Steel and NISCO Notes on company ownership and tonnage calculations:For worldsteel members,the data was sourced from their of

32、ficial tonnage declarations.For Chinese companies,the official CISA tonnage publication was used,unless especially noted.In case of more than 50%ownership,100%of the subsidiarys tonnage is included,unless specified otherwise.In cases of 30%-50%ownership,pro-rata tonnage is included.Unless otherwise

33、specified in the declaration,less than 30%ownership is considered a minority and therefore,not included.Figures represent ownership ending 31 December 2022.For an extended company listing,go to https:/worldsteel.org/steel-topics/statistics/top-producers.(e)=estimateCountry20222021RankTonnageRankTonn

34、ageChina11 018.011 035.2India2125.32118.2Japan389.2396.3United States480.5485.8Russia571.5577.0South Korea665.8670.4Germany736.8840.2Trkiye835.1740.4Brazil934.1936.1Iran1030.61028.3Italy1121.61124.4Taiwan,China1220.81223.2Viet Nam1320.01323.0Mexico1418.11518.5Indonesia(e)1515.61614.8France1612.11813

35、.9Canada1712.11913.0Spain1811.51714.2Malaysia(e)1910.0219.1Egypt209.82010.3Saudi Arabia(e)219.1228.7Austria227.5247.9Poland237.4238.5Belgium247.0266.9Ukraine256.31421.4Netherlands266.1276.6Pakistan276.0315.4United Kingdom286.0257.2Australia295.7285.8Thailand305.3305.5Bangladesh(e)315.2295.5Argentina

36、325.1334.9Sweden334.4364.7South Africa(e)344.4325.0Czechia354.3354.8Kazakhstan364.1374.5Slovakia 373.9344.9Finland383.5384.3Algeria(e)393.5393.5United Arab Emirates403.2413.0Oman(e)413.0422.8Romania422.6403.4Belarus(e)432.1432.5Luxembourg441.9442.1Portugal451.9452.0Serbia461.7461.7Philippines(e)471.

37、6471.6Greece481.5481.5Colombia491.3491.3Kuwait(e)501.3511.3Others19.920.9World1 885.41 962.3Top 50 steel-producing companies2022Major steel-producing countries 2021 and 2022(e)(e)(e)=estimate(e)89Million tonnesOxygen%Electric%Other%Total%Austria 7.5 91.0 9.0-100.0Belgium(e)7.0 69.3 30.7-100.0Bulgari

38、a 0.5-100.0-100.0Croatia 0.2-100.0-100.0Czechia 4.3 96.1 3.9-100.0Finland 3.5 56.5 43.5-100.0France 12.1 67.4 32.6-100.0Germany 36.8 70.2 29.8-100.0Greece 1.5-100.0-100.0Hungary 0.9 68.9 31.1-100.0Italy(e)21.6 16.0 84.0-100.0Luxembourg 1.9-100.0-100.0Netherlands 6.1 100.0-100.0Poland 7.4 46.6 53.4-1

39、00.0Portugal 1.9-100.0-100.0Romania(e)2.6 62.7 37.3-100.0Slovakia(e)3.9 78.9 21.1-100.0Slovenia 0.6-100.0-100.0Spain 11.5 32.0 68.0-100.0Sweden 4.4 65.2 34.8-100.0European Union(27)136.3 56.3 43.7-100.0Trkiye 35.1 28.5 71.5-100.0United Kingdom 6.0 80.9 19.1-100.0Others(e)4.7 45.4 54.6-100.0Other Eur

40、ope 45.8 37.1 62.9-100.0Russia 71.5 65.0 33.1 1.9 100.0Ukraine 6.3 65.5 10.6 23.9 100.0Other CIS(e)8.1 50.4 49.6-100.0Russia&other CIS+Ukraine 85.8 63.7 33.0 3.3 100.0Canada(e)12.1 53.9 46.1-100.0Mexico 18.1 14.6 85.4-100.0United States(e)80.5 31.0 69.0-100.0Other North America(e)0.6-100.0-100.0Nort

41、h America 111.3 30.7 69.3-100.0Argentina 5.1 44.6 55.4-100.0Brazil 34.1 75.1 23.8 1.1 100.0Chile 1.2 60.9 39.1-100.0Venezuela 0.0-100.0-100.0Other South America(e)3.0 8.4 91.6-100.0South America 43.4 66.4 32.7 0.9 100.0Egypt 9.8-100.0-100.0South Africa(e)4.4 52.5 47.5-100.0Other Africa(e)6.9 7.3 92.

42、7 0.1 100.0Africa 21.1 13.3 86.7 0.0 100.0Iran(e)30.6 8.2 91.8-100.0Saudi Arabia 9.1-100.0-100.0Other Middle East(e)10.7-100.0-100.0Middle East 50.4 5.0 95.0-100.0China(e)1 018.0 90.5 9.5-100.0India 125.3 45.8 54.2-100.0Japan 89.2 73.3 26.7-100.0South Korea 65.8 68.5 31.5-100.0Taiwan,China 20.8 59.7

43、 40.3-100.0Other Asia(e)64.7 36.0 58.5 5.5 100.0Asia1 383.8 81.3 18.4 0.3 100.0Australia 5.7 73.5 26.5-100.0New Zealand 0.6 100.0-100.0Total of above countries1 884.2 71.5 28.2 0.4 100.0Million tonnes%Crude steel output202020212022202020212022Austria(e)6.5 7.6 7.2 96.1 96.4 96.4Belgium 6.1 6.9 7.0 1

44、00.0 100.0 100.0Bulgaria 0.5 0.5 0.5 100.0 100.0 100.0Croatia 0.0 0.2 0.2 100.0 100.0 100.0Czechia 4.3 4.7 4.2 96.5 96.5 97.5Finland 3.5 4.3 3.5 99.5 99.6 99.5France(e)11.3 13.6 11.8 97.5 97.5 97.5Germany(e)34.8 39.2 35.9 97.7 97.5 97.5Greece 1.4 1.5 1.5 100.0 100.0 100.0Hungary 1.5 1.1 0.9 100.0 10

45、0.0 100.0Italy(e)19.3 23.2 20.5 94.7 95.2 94.9Luxembourg 1.9 2.1 1.9 100.0 100.0 100.0Netherlands 6.1 6.6 6.1 100.0 100.0 100.0Poland 7.7 8.3 7.3 98.4 98.4 98.3Portugal 2.2 2.0 1.9 100.0 100.0 100.0Romania(e)2.7 3.3 2.6 97.7 97.8 97.3Slovakia(e)3.4 4.9 3.9 100.0 100.0 100.0Slovenia 0.5 0.5 0.5 80.4

46、81.6 80.9Spain 10.9 14.0 11.4 99.3 98.6 98.8Sweden(e)3.7 3.9 3.7 83.0 82.9 83.0European Union(27)128.4 148.4 132.3 97.1 97.2 97.1Trkiye 35.8 40.4 35.1 100.0 100.0 100.0United Kingdom 7.0 7.2 5.9 99.1 99.5 99.5Others(e)4.2 4.7 4.7 99.5 99.9 99.9Other Europe 47.0 52.2 45.8 99.8 99.9 99.9Russia(e)59.1

47、49.6 47.3 82.5 64.4 66.2Ukraine 13.6 14.1 4.7 66.2 66.2 75.2Other CIS 7.9 8.8 8.0 98.6 99.3 99.3Russia&other CIS+Ukraine 80.6 72.6 60.0 80.4 67.7 70.0Canada(e)8.6 10.1 9.4 78.1 78.1 78.0Mexico 16.8 18.5 18.1 100.0 100.0 100.0United States 72.6 85.6 80.3 99.8 99.8 99.7Other North America(e)0.5 0.6 0.

48、6 100.0 100.0 100.0North America 98.5 114.8 108.5 97.5 97.4 97.4Argentina 3.6 4.9 5.1 99.6 99.7 99.7Brazil 30.8 35.3 33.1 98.1 97.8 97.5Chile 1.2 1.3 1.2 100.0 100.0 100.0Venezuela 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0Other South America(e)2.4 3.3 3.0 100.0 100.0 100.0South America 38.1 44.8 42.4 98.4 98.2

49、98.0Egypt 8.2 10.3 9.8 100.0 100.0 100.0South Africa 3.9 5.0 4.4 100.0 100.0 100.0Other Africa(e)6.0 7.0 6.9 99.9 99.9 99.9Africa 18.1 22.3 21.1 100.0 100.0 100.0Iran(e)29.0 28.3 30.6 100.0 100.0 100.0Saudi Arabia 7.8 8.7 9.1 100.0 100.0 100.0Other Middle East(e)9.6 10.2 10.7 99.9 100.0 100.0Middle

50、East 46.4 47.3 50.4 100.0 100.0 100.0China(e)1 049.41 019.01 001.9 98.6 98.4 98.4India 87.2 110.2 117.2 87.0 93.2 93.7Japan(e)82.4 95.4 88.4 99.0 99.0 99.0South Korea 66.2 69.4 64.7 98.7 98.6 98.2Taiwan,China 21.0 23.1 20.8 100.0 99.6 100.0Other Asia(e)54.9 65.9 64.7 100.0 100.0 100.0Asia1 361.01 38

51、3.11 357.6 97.8 98.1 98.1Australia 5.5 5.8 5.7 100.0 100.0 100.0New Zealand 0.6 0.6 0.6 100.0 100.0 100.0Total of above countries1 824.11 891.91 824.3 97.0 96.5 96.8Crude steel production by process2022Continuously-cast steel output2020 to 2022The countries in this table accounted for approximately

52、99.9%of world crude steel production in 2022.e-estimateThe countries in this table accounted for approximately 99.9%of world crude steel production in 2022.e-estimate1011130140150160170180201920202021202281012141620192020202120226789101120192020202120222.02.53.03.54.04.520192020202120225.06.07.08.09

53、.010.0201920202021202256789102019202020212022607080901002019202020212022deseasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual data81012141620192020202120226789101120192020202120222.02.53.03.54.04.520192020202120225.06.07.08.09.010.0201920202021202256789102019202020212

54、022607080901002019202020212022deseasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual data5.06.07.08.09.010.02019202020212022deseasonalised dataactual

55、 datadeseasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual data6789101120192020202120222.02.53.03.54.04.520192020202120225.06.07.08.09.010.020192020202120225678910201920202021202

56、2607080901002019202020212022deseasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual data130140150160170180201920202021202281012141620192020202120226789101120192020202120222.02.53.03.54.04.520192020202120225.06.07.08.09.010.02019202020212022

57、56789102019202020212022607080901002019202020212022deseasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual data130140150160170180201920202021202281012141620192020202120226789101120192020202120222.02.53.03.54.04.

58、520192020202120225.06.07.08.09.010.0201920202021202256789102019202020212022607080901002019202020212022deseasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual datadeseasonalised dataactual data607080901002019202

59、020212022deseasonalised dataactual dataNorth Americamillion tonnesSouth AmericaJapanChina*The 64 reporting countries:Argentina,Australia,Austria,Belgium,Bosnia-Herzegovina,Brazil,Bulgaria,Belarus,Canada,Chile,China,Colombia,Croatia,Cuba,Czechia,Ecuador,Egypt,El Salvador,Finland,France,Germany,Greece

60、,Guatemala,Hungary,India,Iran,Italy,Japan,Kazakhstan,Libya,Luxembourg,Macedonia,Mexico,Moldova,Netherlands,New Zealand,Norway,Pakistan,Paraguay,Peru,Poland,Portugal,Qatar,Romania,Russia,Saudi Arabia,Serbia,Slovakia,Slovenia,South Africa,South Korea,Spain,Sweden,Taiwan,China,Thailand,Trkiye,Ukraine,U

61、nited Arab Emirates,United Kingdom,United States,Uruguay,Uzbekistan,Venezuela,and Viet Nam.In 2022,these 64 countries accounted for approximately 97%of world crude steel production.Total 64 reporting countries*European Union(27)Russia and other CIS+Ukrainemillion tonnesMonthly crude steel production

62、 2019 to 20221213Others comprise:Africa 1.1%Middle East 2.7%South America 2.3%Australia and New Zealand 0.3%Others comprise:Africa 2.3%Middle East 2.9%South America 2.3%Australia and New Zealand 0.4%Others comprise:Africa 1.0%Middle East 1.6%EU(27)8.0%Russia and other CIS+Ukraine3.0%NorthAmerica7.7%

63、China51.7%India6.4%Japan3.1%OtherAsia9.5%Others7.9%Other Europe2.7%EU(27)9.0%Russia&other CIS+Ukraine4.1%NorthAmerica9.4%China45.7%India5.0%Japan4.4%OtherAsia9.8%Others9.5%Other Europe3.0%EU(27)7.2%Russia&other CIS+Ukraine4.6%NorthAmerica5.9%China54.0%Japan4.7%Other Asia8.1%Others6.4%Other Europe2.4

64、%EU(27)10.2%Other Europe3.2%Russia&other CIS+Ukraine7.1%North America7.8%China46.8%India4.9%Japan6.9%Other Asia7.3%Others6.0%India6.6%EU(27)9.0%Russia&other CIS+Ukraine4.1%NorthAmerica9.4%China45.7%India5.0%Japan4.4%OtherAsia9.8%Others9.5%Other Europe3.0%India6.6%EU(27)7.2%Russia&other CIS+Ukraine4.

65、6%NorthAmerica5.9%China54.0%Japan4.7%Other Asia8.1%Others6.4%Other Europe2.4%India6.6%EU(27)8.0%Russia and other CIS+Ukraine3.0%NorthAmerica7.7%China51.7%India6.4%Japan3.1%OtherAsia9.5%Others7.9%Other Europe2.7%EU(27)9.0%Russia&other CIS+Ukraine4.1%NorthAmerica9.4%China45.7%India5.0%Japan4.4%OtherAs

66、ia9.8%Others9.5%Other Europe3.0%EU(27)7.2%Russia&other CIS+Ukraine4.6%NorthAmerica5.9%China54.0%Japan4.7%Other Asia8.1%Others6.4%Other Europe2.4%EU(27)10.2%Other Europe3.2%Russia&other CIS+Ukraine7.1%North America7.8%China46.8%India4.9%Japan6.9%Other Asia7.3%Others6.0%India6.6%Apparent steel use(fin

67、ished steel products)World total:1445 million tonnesApparent steel use(finished steel products)World total:1781 million tonnesCrude steel productionWorld total:1563 million tonnesCrude steel productionWorld total:1885 million tonnesSouth America 3.0%Australia and New Zealand 0.4%Others comprise:Afri

68、ca 2.3%Middle East 3.5%South America 3.2%Australia and New Zealand 0.5%Steel production and use:geographical distribution,2012Steel production and use:geographical distribution,2022CrudesteelFinishedsteelCrudesteelFinishedsteel1415kilograms,finished steel products20182019202020212022Austria 4.2 4.0

69、3.6 4.5 4.3Belgium-Luxembourg 4.5 3.4 3.0 4.8 3.5Czechia 7.2 6.7 6.2 7.8 6.6France 14.9 14.6 12.2 13.8 10.1Germany 39.6 35.1 31.3 35.5 31.6Italy 25.3 25.0 20.4 26.6 24.9Netherlands 4.5 4.6 4.1 4.7 5.2Poland 14.9 13.6 12.9 15.3 13.3Romania 4.6 4.5 4.1 4.3 3.8Spain 13.8 13.2 11.6 13.0 12.4Sweden 4.1 3

70、.8 3.1 3.8 3.5Other EU(27)19.2 19.1 18.0 19.9 19.6European Union(27)156.8 147.7 130.7 154.0 138.8Trkiye 30.7 26.1 29.5 33.4 30.7United Kingdom 10.8 10.3 9.0 10.8 9.2Others 6.8 6.8 6.5 6.8 5.1Other Europe 48.3 43.2 44.9 51.0 45.0Russia 41.3 43.5 42.3 43.9 41.7Ukraine 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.8 2.2Other CIS 9.5

71、10.1 10.7 10.0 7.1Russia&other CIS+Ukraine 55.5 58.3 57.6 58.7 51.0Canada 15.1 13.0 13.7 14.5 13.5Mexico 25.3 24.4 21.9 25.6 24.8United States 99.8 97.6 80.0 97.0 94.5Other North America 4.3 4.5 3.6 4.8 4.1North America 144.4 139.5 119.2 141.8 137.0Argentina 4.8 3.9 3.6 5.0 5.1Brazil 21.2 21.0 21.4

72、26.3 23.5Venezuela 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1Other South America 12.3 12.5 10.3 14.4 12.5South America 38.5 37.5 35.4 45.8 41.2Egypt 11.1 10.4 9.7 10.2 11.1South Africa 5.1 4.8 3.8 5.0 4.4Other Africa 22.3 25.9 23.2 24.0 24.5Africa 38.4 41.0 36.7 39.2 40.0Iran 19.6 18.5 17.2 18.2 19.1Other Middle East 32.6

73、 32.0 30.6 31.8 32.2Middle East 52.1 50.5 47.8 50.0 51.3China 836.1 911.91 008.2 953.9 920.9India 96.7 102.6 89.3 106.2 114.9Japan 65.4 63.2 52.6 57.4 55.0South Korea 53.7 53.2 49.2 56.0 51.2Taiwan,China 17.8 17.6 18.8 21.1 17.4Other Asia 103.8 106.2 93.9 99.1 97.2Asia1 173.51 254.81 312.11 293.81 2

74、56.6Oceania 6.6 6.6 6.1 7.3 7.3World1 714.21 779.01 790.41 841.71 768.220182019202020212022Austria 473.4 448.2 409.6 504.0 476.3Belgium-Luxembourg 373.3 281.3 243.8 392.8 283.3Czechia 685.9 637.1 586.6 743.0 631.1France 231.0 226.1 189.4 213.7 156.2Germany 478.3 422.6 376.1 425.7 379.0Italy 422.9 41

75、8.3 343.1 449.3 421.9Netherlands 262.5 265.8 237.6 269.9 295.8Poland 386.7 354.2 336.0 398.3 332.5Romania 233.2 232.5 212.2 220.2 194.8Spain 295.7 280.9 245.8 274.4 261.6Sweden 399.8 370.1 302.2 361.1 335.5Other EU(27)261.2 259.5 245.0 272.7 267.1European Union(27)353.0 331.8 293.5 346.1 310.3Trkiye

76、 370.2 312.4 350.4 393.7 359.8United Kingdom 162.9 153.5 133.7 160.8 136.3Others 207.6 209.0 198.2 209.6 157.6Other Europe 265.3 235.9 244.3 276.4 242.9Russia 283.7 298.6 290.6 302.7 288.3Ukraine 105.1 105.3 104.8 109.4 54.7Other CIS 93.1 98.0 102.1 94.8 66.1Russia&other CIS+Ukraine 190.0 198.8 195.

77、9 199.6 175.0Canada 408.2 345.8 361.4 379.2 351.6Mexico 204.0 195.3 173.6 201.7 194.8United States 300.4 291.9 238.2 288.0 279.4Other North America 45.9 47.7 37.9 50.0 43.2North America 246.5 236.1 200.5 237.5 228.2Argentina 108.7 87.6 79.8 111.2 112.0Brazil 100.9 99.0 100.6 122.9 109.0Venezuela 5.7

78、 4.5 3.2 3.6 3.7Other South America 87.6 87.5 70.8 98.1 84.9South America 90.6 87.6 82.0 105.6 94.4Egypt 106.7 98.0 90.2 93.4 100.3South Africa 88.4 81.8 63.8 84.2 73.1Other Africa 19.7 22.3 19.5 19.6 19.6Africa 29.7 31.0 27.0 28.2 28.1Iran 228.4 213.6 197.1 207.4 215.4Other Middle East 183.2 176.4

79、165.7 170.2 169.2Middle East 197.9 188.4 175.8 182.1 183.9China 590.0 641.3 707.6 669.0 645.8India 70.7 74.2 64.0 75.5 81.1Japan 518.1 502.5 420.3 460.7 443.6South Korea1 039.31 027.5 948.91 081.2 988.0Taiwan,China 749.7 740.8 788.9 886.1 728.2Other Asia 89.0 90.0 78.7 82.1 79.6Asia 282.5 299.8 311.

80、2 305.1 294.7Oceania 155.2 152.5 139.8 163.4 162.2World 223.2 229.2 228.4 233.0 221.8million tonnes,finished steel productsApparent steel use 2018 to 2022Apparent steel use per capita2018 to 20221617million tonnes20182019202020212022Germany 0.6 0.5 0.50.50.5Sweden 0.1 0.1 0.10.1 0.1European Union(27

81、)0.7 0.6 0.60.60.6Russia 7.9 8.0 7.87.87.7Canada 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.6 1.5Mexico 6.0 6.0 5.2 5.8 5.8 Trinidad and Tobago 1.5 1.7 1.3 1.6 1.6United States 3.4 3.2 3.4 5.0 5.0North America 12.5 12.4 11.0 14.1 14.0Argentina 1.6 1.1 0.5 1.4 1.4Venezuela 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.3South America 2.6 2.1 1.4 2.2 1.7Alge

82、ria 0.1 1.5 2.2 3.1 3.1 Egypt 5.8 4.4 4.8 5.4 6.0Kenya(e)0.1 0.1 0.1 Libya 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.1South Africa(e)0.8 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.2Zambia(e)0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Africa 7.4 7.6 8.2 9.7 10.6Bahrain 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 Iran 25.7 28.5 30.8 31.6 32.9Oman 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 Qatar 2.5 2.4 0.8 0.8 1.6Saudi Ara

83、bia 6.0 5.8 5.2 6.1 6.7United Arab Emirates 3.8 3.7 3.0 3.7 3.4Middle East 41.2 43.6 42.8 45.4 47.8India 34.2 36.8 33.6 39.0 42.3Indonesia 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 Malaysia 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.4 Asia 35.2 37.5 34.4 39.5 42.7World 107.5 111.8 106.3 119.3 125.1million tonnesProduction2021Production 2022-Expo

84、rts 2022+Imports 2022Apparent=Consumption 2022Austria 6.1 5.8 0.0 0.0 5.8Belgium-Luxembourg 4.24.3 0.1 0.1 4.3Czechia 3.9 3.4 0.0 0.1 3.4Finland 2.5 1.9 0.0 0.0 1.9France 9.5 8.2 0.1 0.1 8.2Germany 25.7 23.7 0.2 0.4 24.0Hungary 0.6 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.5Italy 3.9 3.5 0.0 1.4 4.9Netherlands 5.9 5.5 0.5 0.7

85、5.7Poland 3.6 3.1 0.1 0.2 3.2Romania 2.1 1.5 0.0 0.0 1.5Spain 4.0 3.4 0.0 0.3 3.7Sweden 3.0 2.8 0.0 0.0 2.9Other EU(27)4.0 3.2 0.0 0.1 3.2European Union(27)79.0 70.7 1.0 3.5 73.1Trkiye 10.4 9.1 0.0 1.6 10.7United Kingdom 5.8 4.8 0.0 0.0 4.8Others 2.3 1.9 0.0 0.0 1.9Other Europe18.6 15.8 0.1 1.7 17.4

86、Kazakhstan 3.3 2.9 0.1 0.0 2.9Russia 53.8 51.6 3.7 0.0 47.9Ukraine 21.2 6.4 1.3 0.0 5.1Other CIS 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Russia&other CIS+Ukraine 78.3 60.9 5.0 0.0 55.9Canada 6.2 5.7 0.2 0.0 5.6Mexico 2.7 2.5 0.0 0.2 2.6United States 22.2 21.0 0.0 4.6 25.6Other North America 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0North Amer

87、ica 31.1 29.2 0.2 4.8 33.7Argentina 2.1 2.1 0.0 0.0 2.1Brazil 28.5 26.8 3.7 0.0 23.1Chile 0.7 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.6Other South America 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.5South America 31.6 29.7 3.7 0.2 26.2South Africa 2.9 2.4 0.6 0.0 1.8Other Africa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Africa 3.2 2.7 0.7 0.0 2.1Iran 2.7 2.5 0.1 0.0 2.4Ot

88、her Middle East 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Middle East 2.7 2.5 0.4 0.3 2.4China 868.6 863.8 0.2 1.1 864.7India 77.6 79.9 0.6 0.1 79.4Japan 70.3 64.1 0.1 0.1 64.2South Korea 46.4 42.2 0.1 0.2 42.3Taiwan,China 15.2 13.4 0.0 0.3 13.7Other Asia 24.1 22.1 0.3 0.4 22.2Asia 1 102.31 085.6 1.2 2.1 1 086.4Australia

89、3.8 3.7 0.0 0.0 3.7New Zealand 0.7 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.6Other Oceania 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0-0.1Oceania 4.4 4.3 0.1 0.0 4.2World 1 351.31 301.3 12.4 12.5 1 301.4(e)=estimate(e)=estimatePig iron2021 and 2022Direct reduced iron production 2018 to 2022(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(

90、e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)1819Production-Exports+Imports=ApparentconsumptionAustria 3.0 0.0 4.5 7.5Belgium-Luxembourg 0.0 0.0 5.8 5.8Czechia 0.0 0.0 6.0 6.0France 0.0 0.1 13.9 13.8Germany 0.3 1.4 40.2 39.0Italy 0.0 0.0 5.9 5.9Netherlands 0.0 19.2 27.4 8.2Poland 0.0 0.0 5.7 5.7Romania 0.0 0.0 3.0 3.0

91、Slovakia 0.0 0.1 6.2 6.1Spain 0.0 0.1 5.7 5.5Sweden 28.9 24.0 0.0 4.9Other EU(27)0.0 0.2 4.7 4.6European Union(27)32.2 45.1 129.0 116.0Bosnia-Herzegovina 1.6 0.0 0.0 1.6Norway 1.7 1.7 0.0 0.1Trkiye 8.3 3.5 11.3 16.0United Kingdom 0.0 0.0 8.1 8.1Others 0.0 0.3 1.7 1.4Other Europe 11.6 5.5 21.2 27.2Ru

92、ssia&Other CIS+Ukraine 229.3 75.5 9.6 163.5Canada 57.5 53.8 8.3 12.0Mexico 29.7 2.8 2.6 29.5United States 48.7 14.5 5.4 39.6Other North America 0.0 0.5 1.9 1.3North America 135.9 71.7 18.2 82.4Brazil 399.3 359.1 0.3 40.5Chile 16.3 16.4 0.0-0.1Peru 10.7 8.9 0.0 1.8Venezuela 3.5 2.3 0.0 1.2Other South

93、 America0.70.05.9 6.6South America 430.5 386.6 6.2 50.0Liberia 4.2 3.6 0.0 0.6Mauritania 12.6 13.2 0.0-0.6South Africa 73.1 67.9 0.0 5.2Other Africa 11.3 3.4 12.9 20.7Africa 101.2 88.2 12.9 25.9Middle East 55.7 13.7 30.2 72.2China(1)266.0 23.3 1 125.6 1 368.3India 249.3 35.8 5.5 219.0Japan 0.0 0.0 1

94、13.1 113.1South Korea 0.2 0.3 74.2 74.1Other Asia 39.2 35.7 95.1 98.6Asia 554.7 95.1 1 413.5 1 873.1Australia 922.2 876.6 0.9 46.5New Zealand and Other Oceania 3.7 0.1 0.0 3.6Oceania 925.9 876.7 0.9 50.1World 2 476.9 1 658.1 1 641.7 2 460.4million tonnes,actual weightmillion tonnesEuropean Union(27)

95、Other EuropeRussia&Other CIS+UkraineNorth AmericaSouth AmericaAfrica and Middle EastAsiaOceaniaTotal Importsof which:extra-regional importsEuropean Union(27)31.22.621.522.420.519.51.80.3119.988.6Other Europe3.50.41.81.66.32.71.20.517.917.6Russia&Other CIS+Ukraine0.00.00.0-0.00.0-0.00.0North America1

96、.10.1-10.05.90.01.60.018.78.8South America0.00.0-0.46.9-0.10.07.40.5Africa and Middle East5.60.50.43.128.411.20.3-49.538.4China1.81.019.317.1258.256.122.2732.11 107.8 1 085.6Japan0.0-0.57.230.23.50.062.9104.2104.2Other Asia1.10.10.36.211.63.145.792.2160.4114.7Oceania0.00.0-0.01.00.00.01.01.0Total ex

97、ports44.34.643.967.8368.197.172.9888.01 586.81 459.3of which:extra-regional exports*13.14.343.857.9361.285.95.1888.01 459.3Net exports(exports-imports)-75.5-13.343.849.1360.747.6-1 299.5887.0*Excluding intra-regional trade marked DestinationExporting region(1)Production adjusted so that Fe content i

98、s similar to world average.Source:RMG.Iron ore 2021World trade in iron ore by area 20222021ExportsImports2021202220212022Austria 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1Belgium 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.5Bulgaria 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.2Czechia 2.2 2.2 0.5 0.5Finland 0.7 0.6 0.0 0.2France 6.3 6.3 1.4 1.4Germany 6.5 7.2 4.3 4.2Greece 0.1 0.2 0.9

99、 0.9Italy 0.5 0.8 6.1 5.2Netherlands 6.5 6.7 3.1 3.8Poland 2.4 2.2 0.6 0.8Slovakia 0.8 0.9 0.4 0.2Spain 0.6 0.9 3.7 3.0Sweden 1.3 1.4 0.1 0.2Other EU 9.0 8.3 5.7 5.6European Union(27)42.9 43.5 32.1 31.8Trkiye 0.1 0.2 24.3 21.1United Kingdom 8.1 8.2 0.4 0.2Others 1.8 1.8 1.1 1.0Other Europe 10.0 10.2

100、 25.8 22.3Kazakhstan 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0Russia 4.0 1.0 0.9 0.0Ukraine 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.0Other CIS0.30.21.50.1Russia&Other CIS+Ukraine 5.0 1.4 2.4 0.1Canada 4.4 4.7 0.7 1.1Mexico 0.6 0.8 2.8 2.9United States 15.9 17.5 4.9 4.7Other North America 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.0North America 21.7 24.0 8.3 8.8Brazil 0.5 0.4 0.

101、2 0.0Other South America 1.8 1.9 0.3 0.2South America 2.3 2.2 0.6 0.3South Africa 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.1Other Africa 1.3 1.3 1.8 0.9Africa 1.5 1.8 1.9 0.9Middle East 3.7 3.6 0.8 0.6China 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.6Japan 7.0 6.3 0.0 0.1South Korea 0.2 0.3 4.5 4.7Taiwan,China 0.1 0.1 2.9 2.9Other Asia 1.9 2.8 20.0 22.8A

102、sia 9.2 9.5 28.0 31.0Oceania 2.2 2.4 0.1 0.2World 98.5 98.6 100.0 96.0million tonnesExporting regionDestinationEuropean Union(27)Other EuropeRussia&Other CIS+UkraineNorth AmericaSouth AmericaAfrica and Middle EastChinaJapanOther AsiaOceaniaTotal importsof which:extra-regional importsEuropean Union(2

103、7)26.93.40.10.60.10.20.00.00.00.031.34.5Other Europe12.42.40.74.01.01.2-0.00.20.021.919.5Russia&Other CIS+Ukraine0.10.00.20.0-0.00.00.20.1North America0.40.10.08.60.00.0-0.00.30.09.40.8South America0.10.00.00.80.20.0-0.00.00.01.10.9Africa0.40.70.00.30.00.10.0-0.00.01.61.5Middle East0.10.20.00.20.00.

104、2-0.00.00.00.70.5China0.00.10.00.00.00.00.00.40.10.00.60.6Japan0.00.00.00.00.00.00.0-0.10.00.10.1Other Asia3.13.30.49.40.93.70.05.92.42.331.428.9Oceania0.00.1-0.00.00.0-0.00.10.20.1Total exports43.510.21.424.02.35.40.06.33.12.498.557.5of which:extra-region-al exports*16.67.81.215.32.05.10.06.30.62.3

105、57.5Net exports(exports-imports)12.2-11.71.114.61.13.1-0.66.2-28.32.2*Excluding intra-regional trade marked million tonnesTrade in ferrous scrap2021 and 2022World trade in ferrous scrap by area2022222320182019202020212022Ingots and semi-finished material 61.7 56.1 55.7 61.1 44.6Railway track materia

106、l 2.6 4.9 2.6 2.8 2.6Angles,shapes and sections 22.7 21.5 19.6 20.3 19.0Concrete reinforcing bars 18.7 19.1 19.2 22.0 15.4Bars and rods,hot-rolled 18.7 15.2 12.8 15.3 12.7Wire rod 27.4 26.8 25.2 29.0 25.5Drawn wire 9.0 8.8 8.7 9.6 8.6Other bars and rods 6.4 5.6 4.5 6.1 7.4Hot-rolled strip 3.8 3.2 2.

107、8 3.4 3.0Cold-rolled strip 4.5 4.0 3.7 4.8 4.1Hot-rolled sheets and coils 78.9 78.4 74.6 79.3 68.0Plates 33.3 32.8 29.4 30.9 32.2Cold-rolled sheets and coils 35.7 32.5 19.0 36.7 30.8Electrical sheet and strip 4.6 4.1 3.9 5.1 5.2Tinmill products 6.8 6.9 7.0 6.8 6.9Galvanised sheet 44.7 43.0 37.0 45.3

108、 38.4Other coated sheet 17.9 18.2 18.1 20.2 16.5Steel tubes and fittings 41.2 40.9 32.3 34.3 34.2Wheels(forged and rolled)and axles 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.8Castings 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.5Forgings 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.1Total441.9425.2378.8436.3378.4Exports data is reported by country and therefore includes for

109、example intra-EU trade,trade between USMCA countries,etc.The figures are based on a broad definition of the steel industry and its products,including ingots,semi-finished products,hot-rolled and cold-finished products,tubes,wire,and unworked castings and forgings.The above table comprises the export

110、s of 62 countries,which represents approximately 94.8 per cent of total world trade in 2022.million tonnes02003004005006001975198019851990199520002005201020152020YearExports ProductionExports share%1975 114.7 506.9 22.61980 140.6 578.7 24.31985 171.0 599.0 28.51990 171.0 654.0 26.21991 177.1 660.0 2

111、6.81992 196.1 658.0 29.81993 222.5 664.9 33.51994 238.6 656.2 36.41995 246.6 685.6 36.01996 236.4 687.1 34.41997 267.9 730.1 36.71998 268.7 713.4 37.71999 280.8 725.8 38.72000 307.5 783.6 39.22001 300.5 785.9 38.22002 318.0 837.1 38.02003 333.6 899.1 37.12004 368.3 985.6 37.42005 373.3 1 065.5 35.02

112、006 418.5 1 161.3 36.02007 446.8 1 255.4 35.62008 438.5 1 250.4 35.12009 330.1 1 155.9 28.62010 392.7 1 337.6 29.42011 418.7 1 435.4 29.22012 416.0 1 458.9 28.52013 412.6 1 543.1 26.72014 457.4 1 563.4 29.32015 467.4 1 515.5 30.82016 476.8 1 523.0 31.32017 462.9 1 620.2 28.62018 457.2 1 703.6 26.820

113、19 438.8 1 748.6 25.12020 405.6 1 754.7 23.12021 459.1 1 827.6 25.12022 401.7 1 756.3 22.2Exports are of finished and semi-finished steel products.Production of finished steel,where not available from national sources,is calculated from crude steel production,taking into account the continuous casti

114、ng ratio.million tonnes2000751001251501752002252502753003253502005201020152020all commoditiessteel-containing manufactured goodssteelQuantum indices 2000=100World steel trade in products 1975 to 2022World volume of trade 2000 to 2022World steel exports by product 2018 to 20222425Exporting regionDest

115、inationEuropean Union(27)Other EuropeRussia&Other CIS+UkraineNorth AmericaSouth AmericaAfrica and Middle EastChinaJapanOther AsiaOceaniaTotal importsof which:extra-regional importsEuropean Union(27)100.010.38.80.11.21.94.31.713.30.2141.941.9Other Europe10.22.76.30.00.30.82.80.55.10.128.726.0Russia&O

116、ther CIS+Ukraine0.50.51.90.00.00.01.30.00.20.04.52.6North America6.02.60.917.17.91.54.42.910.90.454.637.6South America1.00.80.30.13.00.15.40.91.90.013.410.4Africa1.83.10.60.00.11.58.10.91.90.018.016.5Middle East0.94.30.40.10.12.97.10.82.40.119.116.2China0.80.02.60.00.11.6-3.88.00.017.117.1Japan0.00.

117、00.00.00.00.01.0-4.30.05.35.3Other Asia1.30.63.44.10.25.032.8 20.128.90.396.667.8Oceania0.20.20.00.00.00.10.90.11.30.22.92.7Total Exports122.925.025.121.6 12.915.368.1 31.778.11.3402.1 244.0of which:extra-region-al exports*22.922.423.24.59.910.968.1 31.749.21.2244.0Net exports(exports-imports)-19.0-

118、3.620.6-33.0-0.5-21.851.126.4-18.5-1.6*Excluding intra-regional trade marked RankTotal exportsMt1China68.12Japan31.73European Union(27)126.04South Korea25.55Germany 222.36Trkiye18.07Russia17.98Italy 216.09Belgium 214.710Brazil12.111India12.112France 211.513Taiwan,China9.914Netherlands 29.415Indonesi

119、a9.216Spain 28.417United States8.318Viet Nam7.419Malaysia7.120Austria 26.8RankTotal importsMt1European Union(27)148.12United States28.93Germany 221.04Italy 220.25Trkiye17.46China17.17South Korea13.78Thailand13.49Belgium 212.510Poland 212.011France 212.012Viet Nam11.513Indonesia11.214Mexico10.915Neth

120、erlands 210.316Spain 29.817Canada9.418Philippines7.619Taiwan,China7.120Czechia 27.0RankNet exports(exports-imports)Mt1China51.12Japan26.43Russia16.64South Korea11.85Brazil8.86Oman5.47India5.28Ukraine4.19Taiwan,China2.810Austria 22.611Belgium 22.212Luxembourg 21.613Malaysia1.414Kazakhstan1.315Germany

121、 21.3RankNet imports(imports-exports)Mt1European Union(27)122.02United States20.63Thailand11.64Philippines7.55Poland 26.86Mexico4.37Italy 24.28Viet Nam4.19Saudi Arabia3.810Canada2.811Israel2.712Pakistan2.613Czechia 22.514Colombia2.515Bangladesh2.4(1)Excluding intra-regional trade(2)Data for individu

122、al European Union(27)countries include intra-European trademillion tonnesmillion tonnesWorld trade in steel by area 2022Major importers and exporters of steel 2022262720152016201720182019France17.118.419.019.119.7Germany28.831.030.328.427.9Italy18.818.519.520.220.2Spain10.810.311.011.612.3European U

123、nion(27)126.8132.3136.8143.8139.7Trkiye32.532.133.526.720.7United Kingdom16.517.116.916.816.2Other Europe56.757.058.351.745.0Russia43.843.546.947.149.8Russia&Other CIS+Ukraine52.052.757.758.462.0Canada18.618.619.119.318.2Mexico20.220.122.721.115.2United States118.9115.4122.2127.1125.7USMCA157.8154.1

124、164.0167.5159.2Brazil22.619.219.421.221.3Central&South America47.039.941.942.541.5Africa and Middle East89.484.582.379.981.8China611.7620.5706.2761.5825.5Japan48.346.950.351.549.4South Korea39.741.641.741.340.5Asia and Oceania880.3904.1996.51 066.41 130.1Total 11 410.01 424.71 537.61 610.31 659.2(1)

125、The total comprises 74 countries.02004006008001 0001 200kgTrue steel use per capitaApparent steel use per capitaBrazilMexicoUnited KingdomTrkiyeSpainFranceItalyGermanyRussiaUnited StatesJapanCanadaChinaSouth Koreamillion tonnes,finished steel equivalentmillion tonnes,finished steel equivalentkilogra

126、ms,finished steel equivalentYearIndirect exports,Mt2000172.12001178.12002187.82003199.12004224.02005249.22006269.52007292.42008303.62009231.42010285.42011323.82012324.12013319.12014324.52015322.42016329.82017341.52018354.62019358.9An explanation of the methodology of indirect trade in steel can be f

127、ound in the report Indirect Trade in Steel(March 2015)at worldsteel.org/publications/steel-reports.Last updated in May 2021.RankIndirect exportsMt1China95.82Germany*32.93Japan21.74United States20.95South Korea17.96Mexico17.27Italy*13.38Poland*9.99Spain*9.510Trkiye8.6RankIndirect importsMt1United Sta

128、tes49.02Germany*25.73France*13.84United Kingdom11.95Canada11.66China9.47Belgium-Luxembourg*8.88Russia8.89Spain*8.510Italy*8.5RankNet indirect exports(exports-imports)Mt1China86.42Japan13.93South Korea12.74Mexico9.15Germany*7.2RankNet indirect imports(imports-exports)Mt1United States28.12Russia6.33Un

129、ited Kingdom6.04Canada5.25France*5.1*Data for individual European Union(27)countries include intra-European trademillion tonnes,finished steel equivalentIndirect trade in steel2000 to 2019Major indirect importers and exporters of steel,2019Apparent and true steel use per capita 2019True steel use201

130、5 to 2019Mt%20002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019Indirect exports,MtIndirect exports as a percentage of exports of steel products,%85858585858585850501001502002503003504002829 World Steel Association 2023|Design:MakeACover image:Saloma Link Bridge,MalaysiaN

131、otation used in this publication:(e)indicates a figure that has been estimated.0.0indicates that the quantity concerned is less than 0.05.-indicates zero or no data.Steel use by sector2022In addition to this World Steel in Figures publication,worldsteel releases data on a monthly and annual basis.A

132、selection of this data is available for free at worldsteel.org/steel-by-topic/statistics/.A more comprehensive selection of data can be purchased through our bookshop at worldsteel.org/publications/bookshop/.For more details contact subscribersworldsteel.org.2022ElectricalequipmentMetalproductsMecha

133、nicalequipmentAutomotiveDomesticappliancesOther transportBuilding and infrastructure52%3%10%16%12%2%5%Subscribe to receive our dataSTEEL USE1 762.2 MtWhile worldsteel statistics and estimations are accurate at the time of release and represent our current judgement,they are subject to change that co

134、uld cause actual results to differ materially.Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these statistics.worldsteel accepts no responsibility for any business decisions taken on the basis of the data in this publication.30World Steel AssociationAvenue de Tervueren 2701150 BrusselsBelgiumT:+32(0)2 702 89 00F:+32(0)2 702 88 99E:steelworldsteel.orgC413 Office BuildingBeijing Lufthansa Center50 Liangmaqiao RoadChaoyang DistrictBeijing 100125 ChinaT:+86 10 6464 6733 F:+86 10 6468 0728E:chinaworldsteel.orgworldsteel.orgPrinted on FSC certified paper