1、Digital Twin Cities:Key Insights and RecommendationsI N S I G H T R E P O R TA U G U S T 2 0 2 3In collaboration with the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology(CAICT)ContentsImages:Midjourney,Getty Images,Unsplash 2023 World Economic Forum.All rights reserved.No part of this pub

2、lication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,including photocopying and recording,or by any information storage and retrieval system.Disclaimer This document is published by the World Economic Forum as a contribution to a project,insight area or interaction.The findings,inte

3、rpretations and conclusions expressed herein are a result of a collaborative process facilitated and endorsed by the World Economic Forum but whose results do not necessarily represent the views of the World Economic Forum,nor the entirety of its Members,Partners or other stakeholders.ForewordExecut

4、ive summary1 Why shared learning is crucial1.1 Increasingly complex urban development needs1.2 Rapid technological development1.3 Investment uncertainty and risk1.4 Protracted construction processes2 Key insights2.1 The SODPA model2.2 The concept of a digital twin object2.3 Strategy and talent2.4 Op

5、eration and business2.5 Data and infrastructure2.6 Platform and technology2.7 Application and scenario3 Recommendations3.1 Strategy and talent3.2 Operation and business3.3 Data and infrastructure3.4 Platform and technology3.5 Application and scenario4 Looking ahead:From digital twin city to Metaverc

6、ity4.1 A more immersive digital space4.2 A more diverse mode of service delivery4.3 A more vibrant engine of growthContributorsEndnotes34666778891015192226292930303131323333333436Digital Twin Cities:Key Insights and Recommendations2ForewordAccording to United Nations estimates,nearly 70%of the world

7、s population will reside in cities by 2050.This represents an increase of roughly 2.5 billion urban residents.1 Cities also generate more than 80%of worldwide GDP,according to the World Bank,2 and this influence is only expected to grow in the years ahead.Effectively managing the growth of cities is

8、 critical to delivering on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.3Since the first cities were formed thousands of years ago,innovations and technological developments have been essential to enabling their growth.Today,advances in data collection,cloud computing,the internet of things(IoT)

9、,geographic information systems(GIS),3D modelling and artificial intelligence(AI)have unleashed new opportunities to reimagine and reshape cities through the use of“digital twins”.To better understand the potential of digital twin technology in cities,the World Economic Forum and China Academy of In

10、formation and Communication Technology(CAICT),together with key global stakeholders,launched a three-year initiative at the beginning of 2021 to identify and share global best practices and insights.A global advisory committee was created to evaluate promising applications of digital twin technology

11、 in cities and glean insights from these efforts.This publication builds on the 2022 Digital Twin Cities:Framework and Global Practices report,4 highlighting early insights to help optimize the planning,design,development and use of digital twin platforms in cities.Because the integration of digital

12、 twin technology into city planning and processes is still at an early stage,many questions remain regarding the financial sustainability and social and economic value associated with these complex,capital-intensive projects.The pioneering efforts showcased in this report offer a glimpse of the pote

13、ntial benefits of digital twin technologies while highlighting the need for further research,monitoring and evaluation.To help shape the development of these technologies and guide cities on how best to leverage these solutions,global collaboration is essential.This report aims to contribute to this

14、 multistakeholder dialogue and the shared quest for a more inclusive,safe,resilient and sustainable future.Xu Zhifa Director,Institute of Planning,China Academy of Information and Communications TechnologyYamin Xu Lead,Centre for Urban Transformation,World Economic ForumDigital Twin Cities:Key Insig

15、hts and RecommendationsAugust 2023Digital Twin Cities:Key Insights and Recommendations3Executive summaryDigital twin cities bring together the physical and digital worlds,enabling data-driven city management,intelligent services and interactive systems.They have the potential to transform cities int

16、o more intelligent entities,leading to high-quality urban development and sustainable growth.This report provides a guide for city leaders considering the development of digital twin cities and insights for entrepreneurs and investors looking to shape the next generation of applications.It presents

17、preliminary insights and recommendations for building high-quality digital twin cities that can help address pressing urban challenges.The report emphasizes the need for multistakeholder collaboration,a sustainable operational framework,and a transformative socio-technical programme to deliver on th

18、e potential of digital twin city technology.Through a framework referred to as the SODPA model,the report proposes a methodology,shares key insights and offers a set of recommendations for governments and businesses to drive the high-quality development of digital twin cities,centred on:(1)Strategy

19、and talent development,(2)Operation and business,(3)Data and infrastructure,(4)Platform and technology,and(5)Application and scenario.Insights based on the SODPA modelInterviews and dialogues with experts,companies and researchers have led to the following insights into developing and using digital

20、twin technologies.Strategy and talent Comprehensively review relevant policies,technologies and resources;develop a clear strategy yet a flexible developmental path;adopt a multistakeholder approach to public-private cooperation;set up key executive roles for digital transformation in the government

21、;develop a talent cultivation system for digital twin technologies.Operation and business Clarify the roles of stakeholders to ensure public-private partnerships are sustainable;explore sustainable and innovative business models based on public-private partnerships;extract the value from data and ca

22、pitalize on its value for sustainable business models.Data and infrastructure Strengthen the sensory control system and internet and computing infrastructure;ensure data integration and data quality.Platform and technology Build a sensory and video platform,twin city model visualization platform,dat

23、a integration and service platform and open-source application platform.Application and scenario Ensure effective digital twin city and city governance;leverage digital twin city technology to enhance service delivery and advance sustainable development;promote strong public-private collaboration.Di

24、gital Twin Cities:Key Insights and Recommendations4Recommendations for governments Jointly organize talent cultivation programmes with the private sector;establish chief technology officer and chief digital officer positions to support the city strategy;enact policies to incentivize talented individ

25、uals to move to the targeted areas;cultivate an environment that enables government-industry-academia cooperation and synergies for technologies.Create a value system with the private sector while clarifying each others role.Ensure the extensive coverage of infrastructure;ensure individual privacy a

26、nd data quality.Open up data access to application development;aggregate different businesses and skills into one platform.Explore gaps in demand;create incubation programmes.Recommendations for businesses Establish a digital twin city industry fund;establish an industry coalition for policy formula

27、tion and technical support;nurture a localized industrial value chain;promote the integration of digital twin industry and traditional industry.Explore business models beyond the government tender system.Collaborate with the government on infrastructure building;comply with the local data and privac

28、y regulations and laws.Deepen inter-industry skill and technology sharing;encourage the development and the opening up of the platform as a service.Develop tailored applications to help the government solve problems;develop tailored applications to help citizens.This approach aims to facilitate a co

29、nnected digital twin city environment capable of delivering improved outcomes for individuals,society and the environment as a whole.The report also identifies data integration and open-source application platforms as fundamental tools for strengthening urban governance and public service delivery.D

30、igital Twin Cities:Key Insights and Recommendations5Why shared learning is crucial1The digital twin city market is booming.According to Marketsandmarkets,the global digital twin market will reach$48.2 billion by 2026.5 According to iResearch Consulting Group,Chinas digital twin city market size was$

31、5.1 billion in 2022 and will reach$17.3 billion by 2025.6 Despite growing interest,the digital twin city concept is still in the early stages of development,with many ongoing digital twin city projects still in the concept and planning phases.There is a lack of understanding of the digital twin city

32、 concept and a lack of consensus on the exact path to develop related technologies,platforms,data governance structures,and talent and business models.Those constructing a digital twin city regularly face four main challenges:increasingly complex urban development needs;rapid technological developme

33、nt;investment uncertainty and risk;and protracted construction processes.This report highlights possible solutions to each of the challenges.As cities grow and evolve,they face increasingly complex challenges that span various fields.Urban planning,management,investment and services will become inse

34、parable from a confluence of factors such as transportation,the physical environment,natural resources,public security,public services,and social security.Issues such as traffic congestion,environmental pollution,resource depletion,and social and public security hinder urban development.Therefore,pr

35、omoting the development of urban infrastructure,public services,urban beautification,culture and education is crucial to sustainable urban growth.Increasingly complex urban development needs1.1Digital twin technology comprises various sub-branches,such as the internet of things(IoT),artificial intel

36、ligence,big data,3D modelling,and blockchain.With new related technologies emerging frequently,there is potential for them to be integrated into digital twin development.However,implementing technology into city development can be time-consuming and rely on establishing legal frameworks and technica

37、l standards.Unfortunately,the development of such frameworks and standards is not consistent worldwide.Rapid technological development1.2Chinas digital twin city market size will reach$17.3 billion by 2025Digital Twin Cities:Key Insights and Recommendations6Like the saying,“Rome was not built in a d

38、ay,”the construction of digital twin cities is a protracted process.Achieving seamless integration between the physical and virtual worlds requires a long construction cycle.The primary challenges of this process include ensuring the security of collected data,protecting privacy,establishing a fair

39、and transparent digital governance system,and effectively responding to contingencies.Additionally,digital city construction must balance economic efficiency and social responsibility,with a goal of human-centred and sustainable development.To address the challenges mentioned earlier,this guide prov

40、ides direction and guidance for governments and businesses in the process of constructing digital twin cities.This is achieved by dividing the process into five distinct elements and spelling out the implication for each element in the SODPA model:Strategy and talent,Operation and business,Data and

41、infrastructure,Platform and technology,and Application and scenario.Protracted construction processes1.4Developing digital twin cities demands significant investment,primarily to foster the creation of digital infrastructure,such as data centres,big data collection equipment,intelligent sensors,and

42、IoT devices.Further,improving 3D modelling technology requires substantial financial input.Additionally,there is a continuous need for financial investment to maintain the technological application of digital twin technology,including in scenarios like urban planning,traffic management and smart cit

43、y management.Both public and private sector investments are crucial to fostering innovation.Investment uncertainty and risk 1.3Digital Twin Cities:Key Insights and Recommendations7Key insights 2This report is designed to help promote the development of digital twin cities.To accommodate regions with

44、 different social and economic development levels,the guide distils the construction process into common goals and models that can be applied to various areas,including large cities,small and medium-sized cities,parks and urban functional areas.The SODPA model results from multiple rounds of expert

45、dialogues,extensive fieldwork,and detailed inquiries into the vision and future potential paths of both the demand and supply sides of digital twin technologies.It is a methodology for guiding the conception of a high-quality digital twin city.It is based on the“4+5”framework(see details in the Digi

46、tal Twin Cities:Framework and Global Practices report available in English and Chinese7).The model offers a comprehensive answer to the question:What are the foundational building blocks of a high-quality digital twin city?The SODPA model 2.1The SODPA modelFIGURE 1Strategy and talentOperation and bu

47、sinessData and infrastructurePlatform and technologyApplicationand scenarioPeople-orientedPeople are at the core of the SODPA model.The underlying rationale of a digital twin city should be addressing human-centred needs,while its goal should be the improvement of peoples welfare.8 The SODPA model c

48、omprises five building blocks of a digital twin city:1.Strategy and talent are the bedrock of digital twin projects.Strategy sets the vision and direction for a digital twin project and talent is the foundational driver of the construction,management and operation of the digital twin city.Digital Tw

49、in Cities:Key Insights and Recommendations82.Operation and business underpin the long-term sustainability of a digital twin city.Only through innovative and practical business models and operational models can the digital twin city deliver both social and economic returns.3.Data and infrastructure a

50、re two instrumental inputs of a high-quality digital twin city.They are the content of a digital twin city and enable people and nature to flourish.4.Platform and technology are the engines of a digital twin city.They provide a technical framework and digital environment for modelling,simulation and

51、 the applications of related technologies.5.Application and scenario are where the value of a digital twin city is released and made tangible on the ground.Through specific use cases,governments,businesses and citizens benefit from the digital twin city.The China Academy of Information and Communica

52、tion Technology(CAICT)originally conceived the concept of a digital twin object after conducting extensive interviews and dialogues with experts,companies and researchers.A Digital Twin City is a virtual digital model that corresponds to physical objects in the real world.This innovative concept rep

53、resents a significant advancement in data creation,management and organization.It has two distinct characteristics:1.A digital twin treats distinct entity objects in the physical world as fundamental data units,combining both static information(such as geometric data and object appearance)and dynami

54、c data(such as live commercial and sensory data).2.The digital twin can integrate data from diverse industries and sectors,providing more comprehensive and effective data support for urban operations and public services.CAICT has also created a classification system that divides all digital entities

55、 of a digital twin into eight categories:natural persons,legal persons(e.g.government departments,businesses,social organizations,etc.),natural entities(e.g.mountains,rivers,oceans,etc.),management entities(e.g.cities,towns,development zones,etc.),buildings and human-made structures(such as office b

56、uildings,residential buildings,pylons,sculptures,etc.),means of transportation,goods and equipment,and others.Each type of digital entity is represented by several layers of data points,including identification codes,spatial-temporal locations,geometric appearance,and status.These entities can be vi

57、sualized as 3D models.The digital twin also serves as a platform for the development of various types of applications that can empower the government and businesses to provide personalized services and products.The concept of a digital twin object2.2Illustration of a digital twin cityFIGURE 2Natural

58、 entitiesBuildings and human-made structuresManagement entitiesNatural personsLegal personsMeans of transportationOthersDigital twin entity categorizationA digital twin city illustrationIdentificationcodeSpatial-temporalinformationBusinessinformationGeometric dataInfrastructure dataIndustry dataEner

59、gy monitoringEconomyConstruction managementPhysical worldStrategy refers to the macroeconomic guidance,vision,implementation blueprint and developmental directions of digital twin cities.Talent represents people who undertake the digital twin project and their skills.Simultaneously,strategy formulat

60、ion and talent cultivation must complement each other to elevate the quality and standard of the digital twin city.Insight#1:Comprehensively review the relevant policies,technologies and resourcesThorough research plays a critical role in the development of digital twin cities.The success of such ci

61、ties hinges on the policy environment,including urban planning,data policies,fiscal policies,and industry standards.Conducting in-depth research on the policy environment can reveal the direction,focus and limitations of existing policies,which in turn guides the planning and implementation of digit

62、al twin cities.Additionally,the construction of digital twin cities requires advanced technology.In-depth research into the technological landscape can help identify the direction of development,state of technological application,and technical bottlenecks,facilitating optimal technology selection.Fi

63、nally,constructing digital twin cities requires substantial capital in the form of talent,financial resources and physical assets.A comprehensive review of existing resources can aid in resource allocation and risk management.Insight#2:Develop a clear strategy yet a flexible developmental path To en

64、sure the success of digital twin city construction,it is advised that the project establish clear goals and plans upfront.These goals and plans must be informed by extensive and intensive research.Given the significant initial investment and long construction cycle,it is beneficial to prioritize ind

65、ustries and scenarios that can be developed within a short-term timeframe of 3-5 years,thereby enhancing project financial feasibility and investment appeals.However,due to the large-scale complexity of cities and the rapid pace of technological change,it is important to maintain a flexible and incl

66、usive construction framework and implementation path for the medium to long term(5-10 years)to respond to unforeseeable future challenges effectively.Strategy and talent2.3Digital Twin Cities:Key Insights and Recommendations10Considering the strong demand for digital twin technologies in urban plann

67、ing,urban management,public safety and ecological conservation,Suzhou Industrial Park decided to learn from domestic and foreign best practices to build a first-class digital twin park.CAICT,in collaboration with Suzhou industrial park,developed a strategy for constructing the digital twin park.The

68、strategy is called DESIP:D digital asset the management the operation of digital assetsE ecosystem the goal of creating a value chain within the digital twin cityS Scenario empowers the application of digital twin technology for the benefit of citizensI Innovation the technological basis of a digita

69、l twin cityP Platform providing ecological enterprises with enabling technologies,patent navigation,resource docking and other servicesCASE STUDY 1Strategy setting for the digital twin park in Suzhou industrial zoneSuzhou Industrial Park Digital Twin Strategy overviewFIGURE 3S:ScenarioE:Ecosystem I:

70、Innovation Suzhou Industrial Park Digital Twin DESIP StrategyTechnology platformPublic service platformBusiness zoneR&D zoneIndustry zoneCommercial zoneTechnologyinnovationPublic-privatecooperation innovationBusiness modelinnovationBusiness and operationScenarioR&DGovernmentadministrationPublic serv

71、ice DigitaleconomyDigital assetDesign and product Digital infrastructureTarget districtD:Digital assetP:PlatformSource:Suzhou Industrial Park Digital Twin Innovation Workshop display.Insight#3:Adopt a multistakeholder approach to public-private cooperation To construct a digital twin city,it is impe

72、rative to foster collaboration among multiple stakeholders,including government,businesses,society and inhabitants.This collaborative effort is necessary to balance public interests and business needs,thereby promoting sustainable urban development.A people-centric approach that prioritizes social v

73、alues and business interests is crucial to achieving this goal.In areas where the government has greater management authority(such as urban public services),city managers can demonstrate the value of digital government by pioneering or piloting strategic projects.For scenarios involving greater part

74、icipation from businesses,the government must formulate clear market policies that create a favourable business environment and enhance long-term industrial competitiveness.In adopting these strategies,constructing a digital twin city can serve all stakeholders interests and promote sustainable urba

75、n development.Digital Twin Cities:Key Insights and Recommendations11The United Kingdoms National Digital Twin Principles,released by the Centre for Digital Built Britain,proposes a roadmap for building national-level digital twins based on an information management framework and summarizes nine prin

76、ciples to guide the development and application of national-level digital twins.9 It focuses on the quality and accuracy of the digital twin model,the protection of sensitive information,the interoperability of the digital twin with other systems,and the sustainable development of the information so

77、ciety.This strategic deployment has integrated relatively independent information technology standards from various industries within the United Kingdom,unlocked the value of data resources,enlivened the participation of various stakeholders from government,academia and industry,and promoted the dev

78、elopment and application of digital twin technology in the United Kingdom.CASE STUDY 2United Kingdoms National Digital Twin StrategyThe United Kingdoms National Digital Twin StrategyFIGURE 4Public goodMust be used to deliver genuine public benefit in perpetuityPurposeMust have aclear purposeValue cr

79、eationMust enable value creation and performance improvementInsightMust provide determinable insight into the built environmentSecurityMust enable security and be secure itselfOpennessMust be as open as possibleQualityMust be built on data of an appropriate qualityTrustMust be trustworthyFederationM

80、ust be based on a standard connected environmentCurationMust have clear ownership,governance and regulationEvolutionMust be able to adapt as technology and society evolveFunctionMust function effectivelySource:Schooling,J.,n.d.10Digital Twin Cities:Key Insights and Recommendations12Insight#4:Set up

81、key executive roles for digital transformation in the governmentTo promote the digital transformation of cities,the government should restructure its organizations and establish key positions responsible for digitalization,such as a chief information officer(CIO)and a chief digital officer(CDO).Thes

82、e city-level positions should be responsible for formulating the citys digital development strategies and plans,promoting innovative applications of city data,fostering the citys data security systems,leading collaboration between city departments and subsidiary units,and improving the data literacy

83、 of city residents.In addition,city CIOs/CDOs must actively explore and test new technologies in different scenarios,such as city management and services.They should also coordinate information sharing and platform interoperability among various departments and units,promoting the integration and ef

84、ficient utilization of collected data.Therefore,city-level CIOs/CDOs need to have deep technical knowledge and strong managerial capabilities.They must also pay attention to the citys socio-economic development and public service needs to create a better living environment and service experience for

85、 city residents.Figure 5 illustrates the typical role of a CIO/CDO.Definitions of digital transformation roles within an organizationFIGURE 5Enterprise:C-level leadersEnterprise:frontlineand middle-levelmanagersLeaders with digital transformation strategic thinking and execution capabilityCultivatin

86、g digital thinking,enhancing digital leadership,achieving consensus on digital strategy and promoting reform processes within the organizationUnderstanding digital transformation strategy,exploring paths in business,cultivatingdigital thinking and enhancing digital leadershipStrategySalesFinanceHuma

87、nresourcesR&DServiceIndispensable practitioners of digital transformationCultivating digital application capabilities,enhancing digital business capabilitiesOperationalexperts TechnicalexpertsKey builders of digital transformation Including traditional information and communications technology profe

88、ssionals such as business architects and software and hardware engineers,as well as new digital professionals such as user-experience designers and big data expertsEnhancing digital professional technical and innovation capabilitiesDigitaltransformation leader LeadershipTechnologycompetenceDigitalop

89、erationstalentDigitaltechnologytalentDigital talent helps organizations develop and implement digital strategies Digital Twin Cities:Key Insights and Recommendations13Insight#5:Develop a talent cultivation system for digital twin technologies Building digital twin cities requires a diverse range of

90、interdisciplinary professionals with expertise in computer science,data analysis,architectural design,urban planning,environmental science,sociology and demography.Cultivating these professionals and these sorts of talent will require sustained investment over a prolonged period.Policy-makers must f

91、ocus on talent training and certification and career advancement.This may entail collaborating with colleges,universities,professional training institutions,and businesses to establish a Digital Twin Talent Service System that provides top-notch,sustainable training services and work opportunities.S

92、uch an approach ensures a continuous supply of high-quality professionals throughout the construction,operation and maintenance phases of digital twin cities.Figure 6 provides a typical case of the talent system model in the Chinese context.Digital twin city talent cultivation modelFIGURE 6Planning

93、phaseOperational phaseLearning planCurriculum structureCompetency verificationDesigning talent development plansCollaborative talent development among government,businesses and schoolsExpertEngineerPost-training evaluationTechnologistScenariosUrban managementPublic welfareTransportationUrban safetyC

94、apabilityplatformTechnologyDynamic monitoringPredictive alarmIntelligent analysisSimulation modellingOperational monitoringDecision supportCase managementCollaborative schedulingInfrastructureData centreManagementGovernment servicesEcological protection NeedsanalysisCapabilitymodellingGapassessmentI

95、mprovementplanReview andupdate12345Joint curriculumdesignLecturer cultivationand trainingInternet ofthings devicesICT networkResources and toolkitGE Digital,Digital twins:The bridge between industrial assets and the digital,2023,https:/ Society of Surveying and Mapping,Logic and innovative thinking

96、for building digital twin cities,2021,https:/ Chinese).Li,D.,The new height of digital twin city smart city construction,China Survey and Design,2020(10):13-14,https:/ Chinese).Wu,Z.,Gan,W.Zang,W.et al.,The concept and development of the intelligent urban model(CIM),Urban Planning,2021,45(4):106-113

97、,https:/ Chinese).Mei,H.,Guo,Y.,Toward ubiquitous operating systems:a soft-ware-defined perspective,Computer,2018,51(1):50-56,https:/yaoguopku.github.io/papers/Mei-Computer-18.pdf.Digital Twin Cities:Key Insights and Recommendations14The sustainable development of digital twin cities requires the ac

98、tive involvement of businesses.Therefore,public-private partnerships must be actively promoted and a suitable business model must be designed.This business operation model can be based on providing digital urban infrastructure,digital public services,and digital residence services to governments,bus

99、inesses,and inhabitants.Additionally,an effective risk assessment method is required to identify potential risks in a timely manner,thereby reducing investment risks and the possibility of financial loss.Thus,constructing a digital twin city is a complex process involving high initial capital input

100、and carries risks and uncertainty regarding long-term returns.Both city managers and business leaders need to collaborate in a manner that respects economic principles and market rules to achieve a win-win situation.Most business models generate externalities(such as environmental pollution and urba

101、n noise)that the market cannot manage alone.In this scenario,the government should take measures to address them,such as enacting environmental protection laws and regulations,implementing environmental taxes,and establishing public service facilities.Operation and business2.4Insight#1:Clarify the r

102、oles of stakeholders to ensure public-private partnerships are sustainableThe successful construction and operation of digital twin cities requires a high level of collaboration among various stakeholders,including governments,investors,construction and operation companies,and users.The functions an

103、d responsibilities of each participant must be clearly defined to ensure a smooth construction process.The government plays a critical role in providing strategic guidance and enacting appropriate regulations and policies.By working closely with other stakeholders,the government must encourage their

104、 active participation in ensuring that the construction of the digital twin city proceeds in an orderly fashion.Building and operating companies are responsible for providing the necessary services and products required to develop the digital twin city.Their primary motivation may be to generate pro

105、fits,but their profit-seeking behaviours must be compatible with the broad construction strategy for the digital twin city and they must comply with relevant regulations and legislation.The financing of digital twin city construction can take several forms,ranging from direct government investment a

106、nd commercial credit to venture capital and personal investments.The specific configuration of financing will directly affect the efficiency of resource allocation for the project.Since different investors have varying investment expectations and goals,it is essential to ensure that investments work

107、 together to generate synergy and provide benefits to all those involved.Users,including government entities,businesses and residents,are the heart of a digital twin city.Therefore,they must be a key consideration in designing the business and operational models for such cities.For instance,a busine

108、ss model must prioritize user satisfaction,respect human privacy,and ensure data security to deliver intrinsic value to its users.Digital Twin Cities:Key Insights and Recommendations15The Tung Chung New Town Extension represents the first pilot project for a smart,low-carbon community on Lantau Isla

109、nd.In terms of organizational structure,this project is divided into three tiers.The first tier is the digital twin operation team,which consists of the Hong Kong Highways Department,Varadise,ARUP,and Mott MacDonald in a public-private(government-business)collaboration style.Their primary responsibi

110、lity is data governance and data analysis.The second tier is the application development tier,which includes four organizations:Build King,Gammon,Bouygues,Alchmex and Paul Y Joint Venture,which collaborate on digitization projects and application development.The third tier is the technical support l

111、ayer,where Varadise provides technologies such as internet of things(IoT)installation and artificial intelligence(AI)analysis.The clear commercial framework and relationship of authority and responsibility for the new city of Tung Chung have greatly motivated businesses to participate in the citys c

112、onstruction.This approach avoids internal conflicts and ensures healthy and sustainable construction progress.CASE STUDY 3Tung Chung New Town Expansion Digital Twin Project(Hong Kong SAR)Organizational structure of the Tung Chung New Town Expansion Project,Hong KongFIGURE 7Source:Digital Twins in Tu

113、ng Chung New Town Extension,Hong KongDigital twin implementation unitOwner of data platformData governanceData analyticsApplication layerProject-specific applicationsProject digitalizationApp implementationTechnology layerTechnical supportIoT installationAI analyticsChief representativeProject manag

114、erProject ingineerData analystOther back-end and IT support+PlatformleadAI datascientistDataengineerInsight#2:Explore sustainable and innovative business models based on public-private partnershipsConstructing digital twin cities is a prolonged process that entails high investment,risks and uncertai

115、nties.The sustainable construction of digital twin cities relies on the strong coordination capabilities of city managers and the advanced technical expertise of participating companies.In countries such as China,the government plays a primary role in urban public governance.Thus,most of these regio

116、ns have adopted a digital twin city construction model where the government leads the initiative while encouraging the private sector to participate.All parties share the revenue generated on a pro-rata basis.The facilities and platforms built through digital twin technology provide the government a

117、nd businesses with a centralized monitoring system,assistance in decision-making,investment services,and other operation and maintenance capabilities.Digital Twin Cities:Key Insights and Recommendations16For the initial investment,the Shenzhen Bay Technological Ecology Park was entirely built by the

118、 Shenzhen Municipal Government.However,through an equity model,other investors can become shareholders of the industrial park by purchasing shares.The park has attracted numerous high-profile businesses,such as Huawei,Tencent,and ZTE,to settle in the area.These businesses generated a total business

119、income of CNY214.9 billion in 2022 and a total profit of CNY27.9 billion.To reduce costs and improve efficiency,Shenzhen Bay Technological Ecology Park has developed a digital“energy cloud”system that enables the visualization and tracking of the parks energy consumption.By optimizing and adjusting

120、energy consumption,the parks operators can ensure its environmental sustainability.Thanks to the energy cloud platform,electricity consumption has been reduced by approximately CNY3.25 million per year.CASE STUDY 4Shenzhen Bay Technological Ecology Park Energy CloudIllustration of the operation of S

121、henzhen Bay Technological Ecology ParkFIGURE 8Source:Shenzhen Bay Technological Ecology Park ProjectInsight#3:Extract the value from data and capitalize on its value for sustainable business models The digital twin city is a platform where data has a large potential value and many opportunities exis

122、t for data-driven innovations.The government can accumulate a large amount of valuable data through the use of sensory infrastructure and other data collection platforms and can open up the data to attract more investment.The government can actively promote innovative policies and regulations to enc

123、ourage and regulate the use of public data resources by businesses and society.Businesses and the government can then jointly explore innovative scenarios in public services to design sustainable business models.The Lingang District in Shanghai,China is a prime example of this approach.During the co

124、nstruction of its digital twin city,the region amassed a vast amount of data,including a region-wide 2D base map,a hierarchical 3D model of the area,and a digital layout of the underground pipeline system.The Urban Public Affairs Department partnered with businesses to construct a comprehensive unde

125、rground pipe digital twin,which included numerous infrastructure elements such as electric power cables,water supply systems,sewage pipes and communication lines.Many IoT devices were installed underground to enable the real-time monitoring of the system and robots were dispatched to resolve issues

126、as they arose.This business model improved the efficiency and safety of public services for the government while generating profits for businesses and refining their technology.The value of data can also be material to the field of financial innovation.Blockchain can map financial assets to digital

127、assets in the digital twin city.As such,financial institutions can work with digital assets instead of interacting with tangible assets in the real world.For instance,the financial institution will have instantaneous access to detailed real-time information on the status of insured assets through th

128、e digital twin platform,allowing for seamless risk monitoring.Applications such as these can be found in other financial services and they reduce the information asymmetry and transaction costs typically encountered in traditional financial service provisions.Digital Twin Cities:Key Insights and Rec

129、ommendations17Resources and toolkitChina Academy of Information and Communication Technology,Digital Twin Cities White Paper 2022,2022,http:/ Chinese).China Academy of Information and Communication Technology,Digital Twin City Maturity Study Report,2022,http:/ Chinese).GB,Smart city top-level design

130、 guide,GB/T 36333-2018,2018,http:/ Chinese).Michalik,D.,Kohl,P.,Kummert,A.,Smart cities and innovations:Addressing user acceptance with virtual reality and Digital Twin City,IET Smart Cities,2022,4(4),https:/ City Standards Working Group,China Information Standards Committee,White Paper on Smart Cit

131、y Operations,2022,http:/ Chinese).Illustration of the Lingang District in Shanghai,ChinaFIGURE 9Digital Twin Cities:Key Insights and Recommendations18Data and infrastructure lie at the foundation of a functional digital twin city.Infrastructure such as sensory devices,network facilities,and computin

132、g infrastructure can be likened to the neural network of a digital twin city.Its coverage and reach are the precondition upon which a digital twin city operates.On the other hand,data makes up the“neurons”of the digital twin city,transmitting information that can be ultimately aggregated and analyse

133、d to bring about various value-added services and products.Insight#1:Strengthen the sensory control system The installation of smart sensors is necessary for monitoring the status of various city elements,such as water quality,traffic conditions,energy,pedestrian safety and road maintenance.For exam

134、ple,digital mapping technologies such as geographic information systems(GIS)can create a virtual map of the citys transport network.Traffic sensors and cameras on roads and intersections help collect real-time traffic and pedestrian information.Once the information is overlapped with the GIS data,a

135、digital twin of the transport system is created.This digital twin system empowers value-added functions such as route planning,traffic prediction and evacuations.Figure 9 illustrates a typical case where sensory infrastructure can be set up to capture real-time traffic information and how this infor

136、mation is rendered digitally on a 2D map.Data and infrastructure2.5Illustration of a transportation digital twin bodyFIGURE 10Digital map modelsMap with real-time traffic flowRoad mapping and modelling Real-time traffic dataPhysical roads and real-time traffic conditionsIdentical map modelsInsight#2

137、:Strengthen internet and computing infrastructure Strengthening the reach and stability of internet connections in all corners of the urban area such as by installing supporting infrastructure like fibre optic cables and 5G network stations and building cloud and computing infrastructure to improve

138、the citys computing capacity and data analysis efficiency supports large-scale data processing and real-time simulation,analysis and intervention.Digital Twin Cities:Key Insights and Recommendations19The Shanghai Pudong Lingang area leveraged existing building information modelling(BIM)/GIS and othe

139、r big data technologies and platforms to construct a digital twin port.In terms of infrastructure,the whole region covers 12 types of sensors across different functional regions,including smart parks,public facilities,municipalities,roads and communities.These sensors upload approximately 140,000 da

140、ta points daily.For the city centre,which spreads over a 70-square-kilometre area,drones were used to map the area and supplemented by AI and other digital tools to help monitor and manage of garbage dumping and traffic flows.CASE STUDY 5Shanghai Lingang Digital Twin ProjectControl centre of the Sha

141、nghai Lingang Digital Twin ProjectFIGURE 11Source:Shanghai Lingang Digital Twin Project DemonstrationInsight#3:Ensure data integration and data quality Data collected from the digital twin city must be integrated with data from other sources,including socioeconomic and spatial data.This ensures that

142、 the digital twin city is not an amalgamation of data but a dynamic and digital replication of the city.There may also be opportunities to connect together different digital twin cities to enable more holistic views and collaboration across regions.Digital Twin Cities:Key Insights and Recommendation

143、s20The City of Chicago partnered with IBM to establish the Smart City Digital Twin project.It was aimed at improving the efficiency of city management and raising the living standards of its residents.Since then,a large amount of high-quality data has been collected,which is useful in areas includin

144、g public transportation,buildings,the physical environment,and social security.AT&T has undertaken a massive data-driven infrastructure overhaul and installation programme,after which the IoT sensors throughout the city will be intertwined to form an ecosystem.This system will provide the city with

145、a wealth of data that will enable smarter solutions to improve the quality of life.In addition,the city of Chicago has also opened up access to its database.This enables residents to find any available information they might need about their neighbourhoods and localities.CASE STUDY 6Chicago Smart Ci

146、ty Digital Twin projectChicagos IoT-based Smart City Digital Twin ProjectFIGURE 12Source:Array of Things,Array of Things Ten-Year Symposium Report,2022,https:/arrayofthings.github.io/AoT-10yr-Symposium-Handout.pdf.Resources and toolkitWorld Economic Forum,Unlocking the Shared Value of Smart City Dat

147、a:A Protocol for Action,2022,https:/www.weforum.org/whitepapers/unlocking-the-shared-value-of-smart-city-data-a-protocol-for-action/.IDC,Tsinghua University,Global Computing Index 2021-2022,2022,https:/ Chinese).ISO 19164,Geographic Information-Indoor Feature Model,https:/www.iso.org/standard/83153.

148、html.ISO/DIS 55013,Asset management Guidance on managing data assets,https:/www.iso.org/standard/82455.html.Digital Twin Cities:Key Insights and Recommendations21The platform and the technology are analogous to the brain and nervous system of a digital twin city,collecting all kinds of data about th

149、e city and transforming the data into valuable information.These technologies and platforms can support the multifaceted needs of cities,such as the remote management of urban smart facilities and equipment,visual representation and simulations of buildings,roads and traffic flow,and real-time analy

150、sis of the status of a citys various elements.Four platforms are essential to a digital twin city:a sensory and video platform,a twin city model visualization platform,a data integration and service platform,and an open-source application platform.Insight#1:Build a sensory and video platform By esta

151、blishing a sensory and video platform,cities can obtain dynamic data from various types of IoT sensory terminals,including information on water,electricity,gas,transportation,environmental protection,public security and meteorology.Such data can provide rich indicators that help administrators with

152、decisions.The video monitoring platform enables administrators to seamlessly integrate data with videos.Insight#2:Build a twin city model visualization platform Using modelling techniques such as tilt photography and manual drawing to build a 3D model basis for all types of physical elements within

153、a city,including buildings,natural landscapes,roads,bridges,underground pipeline networks,vehicles,facilities and infrastructure,constitutes the basis of the twin city model visualization platform.In addition,this platform should allow users to edit,operate on and interact with different layers of i

154、nformation of the twin city model.Platform and technology2.6Four essential platforms of a digital twin cityFIGURE 13Urban data integration andintelligent service platformUrban digital twinmodel platformUrban dynamicdata platformUrban open data and innovation platformDigital Twin Cities:Key Insights

155、and Recommendations22At a cost of 1 billion,the City of Helsinki has used innovative modelling techniques to build two state-of-the-art 3D city models,a live-view Mesh model based on 50,000 tilted photographs and 11 terabytes of data,and a CityGML model with rich semantic information based on the li

156、ve-view Mesh model.12CASE STUDY 7Helsinki 3D City 2050 planHelsinki Reality Mesh Model with 3D Information ModelFIGURE 14Source:City of Helsinki websiteHelsinki 3D Information Model and Reality Mesh Model in actionFIGURE 15Source:City of Helsinki websiteDigital Twin Cities:Key Insights and Recommend

157、ations23Helsinkis solar feasibility analysis based on 3D modelling and Language CityGML modelFIGURE 16Source:City of Helsinki websiteInsight#3:Build a data integration and service platformMultidimensional data can be integrated and aggregated into one platform,which can then be used to locate and an

158、alyse the status of all city elements in real-time.As data accumulates,its predictive capability can be unleashed to help administrators foresee human flow,traffic and other high-value information.Insight#4:Build an open-source application platformThe open-source application platform will provide th

159、e public,businesses and individual developers with open access to data so they can work innovatively to build personalized and diversified applications.In turn,this benefits urban governance and public service delivery.Digital Twin Cities:Key Insights and Recommendations24The Unified Digital Pedesta

160、l at the Shenzhen Bay Technology and Ecological Park combines two-dimensional data(such as spatial grid data and vector data)and three-dimensional data(BIM,manually made model,industry model,oblique photography,and virtual scenes)to realize a spatial digital twin.Using industrial data and spatial in

161、formation,it renders a digital visual image of a holistic industrial cluster,the local supply chain,the industrial size,and its stages of development.This amounts to an industrial digital twin.CASE STUDY 8Shenzhen Bay Technology and Ecological Park a Unified Digital PedestalAerial view of the Unifie

162、d Digital Base at Shenzhen Bay Technology Ecological ParkFIGURE 17Source:Shenzhen Bay Science and Technology Ecological Park project display map Resources and toolkitChina Academy of Information and Communication Technology,Digital Twin City White Paper,2020,http:/ Chinese).Gartner,Emerging Technolo

163、gies:Revenue Opportunity Projection of Digital Twins,2022,https:/ Kalasatama Digital Twins Project:The final report of the KIRA-digi pilot project,2019,https:/www.hel.fi/static/liitteet-2019/Kaupunginkanslia/Helsinki3D_Kalasatama_Digital_Twins.pdf.Smart City Association,Seoul City builds the nations

164、 first urban problem-solving simulation Digital Twin S-Map,2021,https:/smartcity.go.kr/en/2021/04/01/%EC%84%9C%EC%9A%B8%EC%8B%9C-%EB%8F%84%EC%8B%9C%EB%AC%B8%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%B4%EA%B2%B0-%EC%8B%9C%EB%AE%AC%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EC%85%98-%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8-%ED%8A%B8%EC%9C%88-s-map-%EC%A0%84/.Minist

165、ry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development,Technical Standard for Urban Information Modeling Foundation Platform,CJJ/T315,2022,https:/ Society of China,Technical requirements for digital twin city platform,T/ISC 0022,2023,https:/ Chinese).Ministry of Natural Resources,General Implementation Plan for

166、the Construction of Realistic 3D China(2023-2025),2022,https:/ Twin Cities:Key Insights and Recommendations25Applications reflect ways to materialize the value of the digital twin city.Applications occur in several scenarios,including city governance,citizen services and industrial development.These

167、 applications enable all city stakeholders to benefit from the construction of a digital twin city.It is through applications in different scenarios that a digital twin city exhibits its substantial socioeconomic potential.Insight#1:Ensure effective digital twin city and city governance With an incr

168、eased diversity of city functions,the problem of city governance has also become increasingly complex,undermining city resilience.The digital twin city brings about new approaches to city governance.For instance,digital planning and simulation could vividly present city planners with different ways

169、to configure the city layout to select the optimal layout.For transporting hazardous materials,a digital twin city allows for the tracking,in a three-dimensional space,of the location of the materials in real life.This reduces the uncertainty and risk posed by the transportation operation.Insight#2:

170、Leverage digital twin city technology to enhance service delivery Digital twin cities could enhance service delivery for citizens,thereby improving their living standards.Inhabitants in urban areas face a multitude of challenges,such as traffic congestion,housing shortages and resource constraints.A

171、ll of these problems may be tackled by applying digital twin technology.For instance,the safety of ageing populations in their homes could be significantly improved by applying smart door locks,infrared sensory devices,and smoke and gas leak detectors.Traffic congestion is alleviated with real-time

172、traffic detection and warning.A smart monitoring system installed at the seaside could help inhabitants obtain timely knowledge of the quality of the beach and the seawater.Remote hospital services and online digital education could become public amenities for everyone.These applications,among other

173、s,make cities more liveable.Application and scenario2.7Digital Twin Cities:Key Insights and Recommendations26The Safeswim project applies digital twin technology to water quality monitoring in Auckland,New Zealand.The project creates a data integration platform that combines 10 data streams,such as

174、water networks,weather and tides.13 Complemented by IoT information and laboratory microbiological testing data,the platform can monitor the water quality of many recreational water bodies throughout Auckland.For the public,the Safeswim project has built a consolidated public-facing platform for all

175、 users to access information on water quality and health risks of 84 beaches and 8 freshwater bodies around Auckland.This facilitates the publics travel decisions,thereby enhancing public health and safety.At the same time,the Safeswim project has highlighted the water quality problem for the govern

176、ment and the public alike.This has further nudged businesses to combat wastewater spillage.CASE STUDY 9New Zealand(Auckland)Safeswim project The Safeswim project helps with water quality monitoringFIGURE 18Source:New Zealand Safeswim Project website at https:/www.safeswim.org.nz/Insight#3:Leverage d

177、igital twin city technology to advance sustainable development Digital twin technology offers a whole new set of tools for sustainable city development.It can help city planners optimize resource allocation,refine industry distribution,and improve environmental protection.The digital twin technology

178、 could also kick-start the development of a series of green transitions in the trade and logistics industries through automation,remote control and autonomous driving.Insight#4:Promote strong public-private collaboration At the early stage of digital twin city construction,the applications and techn

179、ologies should solve high-reward challenges in low-stake scenarios.In the expansion stage of digital twin city construction,the focus should be on creating standard-setting solutions to challenges that involve multistakeholder participation.During the maturity stage of digital twin city construction

180、,the focus should be on creating value-added applications to empower industries to reduce costs and increase efficiency.Digital Twin Cities:Key Insights and Recommendations27The Silk Road Smart Port is a digital twin platform created by the Urumqi Dry Port Group to improve port efficiency and safety

181、.For container management,the digital twin technology is used to track the status of containers along the route.It enables the visualization of the entire logistical process,including loading,unloading,transit,packing,unpacking,receiving,dispatching,handing over,storing,stacking and handling.To make

182、 the tracking of goods possible,the platform uses IoT technology and spatial computing to collect their location and the number,departure and arrival information of the cargo train.At the same time,all logistical and tracking data can be overlaid on one map to help planners highlight all necessary i

183、nformation.CASE STUDY 10Chinas Urumqi uses digital twin technology to create a China-Europe digital train Silk Road Smart PortFIGURE 19Source:Silk Road Smart Port project display mapResources and toolkitSmart Cities Council Digital Twin Hub,Digital Twins,For All,Australia|New Zealand Digital Twin Bl

184、ueprint,2021,https:/www.digitaltwinhub.org/_files/ugd/ec3523_51b5b29a33b04976875636486e1e9fc3.pdf.Su,S.,Zhong,R.Y.,Jiang,Y.Digital twin and its applications in the construction industry:A state-of-art systematic review version 1;peer review:awaiting peer review,Digital Twin,2022,2:15,https:/digitalt

185、win1.org/articles/2-15/v1.China Academy of Information and Communication Technology,Compilation of Excellent Cases of Digital Twin Cities,2021,https:/ Chinese).China Academy of Information and Communication Technology,Compilation of Typical Practice Cases of Digital Twin City Technology Application,

186、2022,https:/ (in Chinese).Smart City Research Institute,China United Network Communications Corporation,Digital Twin Technology Application Working Committee of Internet Society of China,Research Report on Innovative Application Scenarios of Digital Twin Cities,2023,https:/ (in Chinese).Digital Twin

187、 Cities:Key Insights and Recommendations28Recommendations3Coordinated action and a shared commitment by governments and business is critical to facilitate a connected digital twin city environment capable of delivering improved outcomes for individuals,society and the environment as a whole.Recommen

188、dations for governments Establish talent cultivation programmes:It is recommended that the government and private sector jointly organize talent cultivation programmes.The government could set up training infrastructure and provide educational resources,while businesses could develop targeted traini

189、ng materials based on practical experiences and industry standards.Define clear leadership roles:To promote the implementation of the digital twin city strategy,it is recommended that the government establish chief technology officer(CTO)and chief digital officer(CDO)or equivalent positions to suppo

190、rt the technical and digital aspects of the digital twin city strategy and ensure their alignment and integration with broader city operations.Help attract top talent:To build local capacity and talent,it is recommended that the government enact policies to incentivize talented individuals to immigr

191、ate to the targeted areas.Specific policy instruments can vary,including tax breaks,education incentives,subsidized healthcare and housing.Support collaboration between government,industry and academia:The government should strive to cultivate an environment that enables cooperation and synergies be

192、tween government,industry and academia.In this environment,the three actors can jointly carry out research and development on digital twin city-related technologies and test applications to promote the development of digital twin cities.Recommendations for businesses Establish a digital twin city in

193、dustry fund:The construction of digital twin cities requires significant investments and financial support.Establishing a designated fund to help with the construction process of a digital twin city can improve the investment uncertainty of potential investors and diversify the risk of investment in

194、 the project.Establish an industry coalition:Developing digital twin cities requires collaboration among industries and businesses.An industry coalition could have a say in policy formulation.It can also offer technical support to businesses involved in constructing digital twin cities.And it can be

195、 a platform for experience and knowledge sharing among businesses in the industry.Nurture a localized industrial value chain:Businesses,investors and the government should work together to cultivate an industrial ecology with the digital twin cities at its centre.The upstream businesses in this valu

196、e chain may be technology providers and research institutes,manufacturers of IoT devices and data collection equipment.The downstream businesses in this value chain may be e-commerce platforms,digital retailers and public service platform developers.Such an ecology creates many market opportunities

197、and stimulates the local economy.Promote the integration of digital twin industry and traditional industry:The development of digital twin cities needs to be integrated with traditional industries.In particular,digital twin technologies should upgrade and optimize services and products provided by t

198、raditional industries.For example,they can provide intelligent optimization solutions for traditional industries such as urban transportation,energy and environmental protection and promote the integration and development of traditional industries with digital twin cities.Strategy and talent 3.1Digi

199、tal Twin Cities:Key Insights and Recommendations29Recommendations for governments Create a value system with the private sector while clarifying each others role:The government should ideally delegate some responsibilities for digital twin city construction and service provision to social organizati

200、ons and businesses.Businesses can leverage these opportunities to create profit and social values,which feed back into the investment needs for further construction of the digital twin city.Throughout this process,the government can supervise businesses to ensure the equity,fairness and legality of

201、their business models and operations.Explore business models beyond the government tender system:Ensure the extensive coverage and coordinated layout of sensory facilities,network infrastructure and computing warehouses.This may imply integration with the citys existing digital infrastructure.Recomm

202、endation for businesses Explore business models beyond the government tender system:Ensure the extensive coverage and coordinated layout of sensory facilities,network infrastructure and computing warehouses.This may imply integration with the citys existing digital infrastructure.Operation and busin

203、ess 3.2Recommendations for governments Ensure the extensive coverage of infrastructure:The government should pay attention to the coordinated layout of perception facilities,network facilities and computing facilities,make full use of the citys existing digital infrastructure,and gradually build com

204、prehensive coverage,multimedia perception and data collection facilities for scenario needs;moderately over-build the network transmission system;and actively guide the industry to build a three-dimensional urban computing facility system with cloud computing and graphical processing unit(GPUs)compu

205、ting as the main,and edge computing and terminal computing as the supplement.Ensure individual privacy and data quality:Safety precautions with regard to user privacy and confidentiality should be an integral part of the digital twin city data system.Therefore,data practices within the digital twin

206、city must be based on anonymized and encrypted data.Appropriate software and hardware systems should be set up to store,prepare and protect such data.Recommendations for businesses Collaborate with the government on infrastructure building:Businesses should avoid taking on large projects independent

207、ly.They should instead take advantage of specialization and the value chain,cooperating with both upstream and downstream partners in the value chain for joint participation in the construction of urban digital infrastructure and technology platforms.Comply with the local data and privacy regulation

208、s and laws:Businesses should strictly comply with the laws of different countries and the regulations of different cities on data security,collection,storage,use and sharing.They must take effective technical and procedural measures to safeguard data security and individual privacy.Data and infrastr

209、ucture 3.3Digital Twin Cities:Key Insights and Recommendations30Recommendations for governments Open up data access to application development:It is recommended that the government adopt a strategy to facilitate the integration of public data from various sources while ensuring that appropriate meas

210、ures are taken to protect individual privacy,such as anonymization and safety precautions.The public data should then be shared on interoperable platforms,allowing businesses to access the data and develop practical applications based on it.Aggregate different businesses and skills into one platform

211、:The government should lead or guide the construction of a central and integrated platform that brings together different technical capabilities and businesses.Recommendations for businesses Deepen inter-industry skill and technology sharing:Different upstream and downstream value chain businesses s

212、hould carry out different tasks tailored to their specialization while ensuring sufficient inter-industry skill and knowledge transfer.Encourage the development and opening up of the platform as a service(PaaS)model:Build a digital twin lower-order programming language to carry out application devel

213、opment based on a PaaS platform.Platform and technology 3.4Recommendations for governments Explore gaps in demand by adopting a bottom-up approach to developing applications to solve problems in different scenarios,rather than sticking to a top-down approach.Create incubation programmes to encourage

214、 stakeholders to explore innovative digital twin technology and system applications.Recommendation for businesses Develop tailored applications to help the government solve problems,focusing on integrating digital twin technology with public services to solve real-life problems and improve the effic

215、iency of urban design decisions and operations.Develop tailored applications to help citizens and optimize the service experience of citizens by,for instance,exploring customized product design.Application and scenario 3.5Digital Twin Cities:Key Insights and Recommendations31Looking ahead:From digit

216、al twin city to Metavercity4As digital twin technologies advance,new opportunities also arise to explore connections with the metaverse.The metaverse can be viewed as the amalgamation of all digital worlds and also serves as a fundamental interface between the physical world and the cognitive realm

217、of human thought.Two-way interfaces connect each of these worlds.The interfaces between the different worlds are as follows:Physical to cognitive:humans use their five senses to comprehend the physical world around them.Cognitive to physical:humans interact with the physical world,such as kicking a

218、ball or opening a door.Physical to digital:sensors collect data about physical assets,which is then translated into digital information.Digital to physical:3D printing technology is used to create physical objects based on digital models.Cognitive to digital:humans use game controllers or typing com

219、mands to interact with software and digital systems.Digital to cognitive:augmented,virtual and mixed reality technologies provide a means to visualize and interact with digital models.Two-way interfaces connecting the physical world and cognitive realm of human thoughtFIGURE 20CognitiveworldsPhysica

220、lworldsDigitalworldsDigital Twin Cities:Key Insights and Recommendations32As smart cities continue to grow and evolve,the potential of digital twins in bridging the gap between the digital and physical worlds is only starting to be realized.The development of interconnected digital twin systems is s

221、till in its early stages.Nonetheless,there is a wealth of untapped opportunities in exploring the value of all the interfaces mentioned above within the context of cities.This could pave the way for the emergence of a Metavercity.As a specific use case of the metaverse,the Metavercity is gaining att

222、ention alongside the rising popularity of the metaverse concept.Many cities have already implemented strategies to advance the development of metaverse industries and meta-cities,including London,New York,Seoul,Beijing,Shanghai,Singapore,Dubai and NEOM.A digital twin city could be a foundation upon

223、which a Metavercity is built because it provides the data and infrastructure needed to simulate the working order of a city.At the same time,a Metavercity is a direct and impactful way of applying digital twin technology.Therefore,the digital twin citys and metaverses future are mutually beneficial

224、and intertwined.In the first step,physical cities will make the important transition into digital twin cities,complementing tangibility with digitalization.With the advancement of augmented and virtual reality technologies,digital twin cities will gradually transform into a metaverse,deepening the i

225、nterconnectivity between physical and virtual spaces and instilling mutual dependence between the physical and the virtual.Users will have a much more immersive experience with the Metavercity.Elements in the metaverse are more refined in detail and users will also be able to interact with the metav

226、erse through gestures,language and touch.This creates a more natural and direct way of experiencing a virtual space.NEOM in Saudi Arabia has been devoted to the development of the metaverse.In this newly constructed city,users can experience what it is like to walk around and interact with physical

227、spaces from far away by using holograms and virtual human avatars.A more immersive digital space 4.1The Metavercity will have more virtual buildings,tourist spots,and vehicles.When combined with generative artificial intelligence based on large language models,users can interact with virtual objects

228、 in a more realistic and intuitive way.Miami has created a virtual city in the Metaverse,allowing remote tourists to tour the city through augmented reality devices.City managers could also collect public opinions and feedback through the metaverse platform and carry out personalized urban planning

229、and management to better meet the needs and expectations of different users.A more diverse mode of service delivery 4.2Metavercities have the potential to create new engines of growth by cultivating new industries and employment opportunities.Cities of the future will invest heavily in the infrastru

230、cture,platforms and technologies needed to support this new industry,attracting entrepreneurs and businesses to their regions.In Metavercities,people can establish their own businesses through virtual reality technology and use new technologies such as digitalization and cloud computing to provide u

231、rban residents with various services and commodities.For example,virtual stores can be created in Metavercities to provide residents with virtual goods and services and virtual billboards can be developed to conduct virtual advertisements for businesses.These digital business models can create momen

232、tum for economic growth,promoting the rapid recovery of the global economy.A more vibrant engine of growth 4.3Digital Twin Cities:Key Insights and Recommendations33ContributorsAcknowledgementsLead authors China Academy of Information and Communication TechnologyChen CaiDirector,Information Technolog

233、y Department,Institute of PlanningHan PengDeputy Chief Engineer,Institute of PlanningMa YanEngineer,Institute of PlanningZhang JingtaoSenior Project Manager,Institute of PlanningZhang YuxiongDirector,Digital Twin City Research Center,Institute of PlanningWorld Economic ForumMishary ThaniFellow,Centr

234、e for Urban Transformation Yamin XuLead,Centre for Urban Transformation Other contributorsGao YanliChief Engineer,Institute of Planning,China Academy of Information and Communication TechnologyWang ZhiqinDeputy Dean,China Academy of Information and Communications TechnologyGlobal Digital Twin City A

235、dvisory CommitteeCo-ChairsMark EnzerStrategic Adviser,Mott MacDonald Xu ZhifaDirector,Institute of Planning,China Academy of Information and Communications TechnologyMembersSean AudainCity Innovation Lead,Wellington City Council Jacques BeltranVice-President,Cities and Public Services,Dassault Systm

236、es Chen AohanChief Executive Officer,Uino Technology(Beijing)Andre Kwok Ka MingFounder and Chief Executive Officer,Good City FoundationPaul LamDirector,Corporate Strategy,TuSimple Li YiChief Executive Officer,Beijing 51WORLDLiu HongzhiSenior Vice-President;Head,Strategy and Development,Greater China

237、,AECOM Asia Pacific Liu JunweiChief Executive Officer,SmartEarth(Beijing)Ma JunjieChief Executive Officer,Shanghai DigiTwin Mao HuidongChief Executive Officer,Greater China,Smart Cities Expo Digital Twin Cities:Key Insights and Recommendations34Ni XiufengGeneral Manager and Vice-Chairperson,Smart Ci

238、ty Technology Platform Department,iFLYTEKPhilippe ObryManaging Director and Co-Founder,AkilaTao FeiProfessor,School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering,Beihang UniversityWe would also like to thank the following people for their support:Chang XiangkuiPresident,RuiCity Technology Ding Yi

239、ngChief Architect,GIS and Digital Twin Innovation Lab,AsiaInfo Technology Huang DongChief Technology Officer,SmartEarth(Beijing)Li ZhuqingGeneral Manager,Campus Architecture Division,Beijing 51WORLD Liu XiaoProduct Director,Smart City,iFlytek Liu YushengProduct Director,Uino Technology(Beijing)Qi Qi

240、nglinAssociate Professor,Beihang University Zhang KunqiGeneral Manager,City and Transportation Division,Beijing 51WORLD Zhang LimingSenior Expert,Digital Government,Alibaba Cloud Zhao WenkongChief Technology Officer,Greater China,Dassault Systmes Digital Twin Cities:Key Insights and Recommendations3

241、5Endnotes1.United Nations Human Settlements Programme(UN-Habitat),World Cities Report 2022:Envisaging the Future of Cities,2022,https:/unhabitat.org/wcr/.2.World Bank,Urban Development,https:/www.worldbank.org/en/topic/urbandevelopment/overview.3.United Nations,Transforming Our World:The 2030 Agenda

242、 for Sustainable Development,2015,https:/sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/21252030%20Agenda%20for%20Sustainable%20Development%20web.pdf.4.World Economic Forum and China Academy of Information and Communication Research,Digital Twin Cities:Framework and Global Practices,2022,https:/www

243、.weforum.org/reports/digital-twin-cities-framework-and-global-practices(English)and https:/cn.weforum.org/reports/digital-twin-cities-framework-and-global-practices(Chinese).5.MarketsandMarkets,Digital Twin Market,2020,https:/ Consulting Group,China Digital Twin Cities Industry Research Report 2023,

244、2023,https:/ Economic Forum and China Academy of Information and Communication Research,Digital Twin Cities:Framework and Global Practices,2022,https:/www.weforum.org/reports/digital-twin-cities-framework-and-global-practices(English)and https:/cn.weforum.org/reports/digital-twin-cities-framework-an

245、d-global-practices(Chinese).8.Digital Twin Hub,Gemini Papers:How to enable an ecosystem of connected digital twins,2022,https:/www.cdbb.cam.ac.uk/files/gemini_how.pdf.9.University of Cambridge,the Gemini Principles,2018,https:/www.cdbb.cam.ac.uk/system/files/documents/TheGeminiPrinciples.pdf.10.Scho

246、oling,J.,“Values:the Gemini Principles”,The role of sensing and data in transforming the future of infrastructure,University of Cambridge and Cambridge Centre for Smart Infrastructure&Construction,n.d.,https:/www.ucl.ac.uk/bartlett/construction/sites/bartlett/files/ucl_sensing_and_data_in_infrastruc

247、ture_schooling.pdf.11.Array of Things,Array of Things Ten-Year Symposium,2022,https:/arrayofthings.github.io/AoT-10yr-Symposium-Handout.pdf.12.Helsinki,The Kalasatama Digital Twins Project:The final report of the KIRA-digi pilot project,2019,https:/www.hel.fi/static/liitteet-2019/Kaupunginkanslia/He

248、lsinki3D_Kalasatama_Digital_Twins.pdf.13.World Health Organization,Guidelines on recreational water quality,2021,https:/www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240031302.Digital Twin Cities:Key Insights and Recommendations36World Economic Forum9193 route de la CapiteCH-1223 Cologny/GenevaSwitzerland Tel

249、.:+41(0)22 869 1212Fax:+41(0)22 786 2744contactweforum.orgwww.weforum.orgThe World Economic Forum,committed to improving the state of the world,is the International Organization for Public-Private Cooperation.The Forum engages the foremost political,business and other leaders of society to shape global,regional and industry agendas.