1、CONTENTS 目錄02Chairs Message主席致辭4.Business Environment商業環境3804Executive Summary概述4.1 Investment Environment 投資環境39151.2024 Survey Methodology2024 年調查方法4.2 Human Resources人力資源61212.Performance Snapshot績效速覽4.3 Innovation and Intellectual Property Rights創新和知識產權69273.Business Operations and Goals商業運營和經營目

2、標5.US-China Relations美中關系802AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report Chairs MessageChina is a vital market for many American businesses.It is also an important source of talent and innovation that helps American companies boost their global competitiveness.At the same time,the presenc

3、e of American companies in China strengthens the US-China relationship and the economies of both countries,but the benefits go beyond trade figures and simple measures of profit and loss.By promoting values such as transparency,respect for workers,and anti-corruption throughout their entire supply c

4、hains,American businesses lead by example,improving the business climate in China while creating jobs back home.Despite the expansion in bilateral trade in recent years,mistrust between the United States and China remains high,and relations are strained.The need for accurate information has never be

5、en greater.For more than 25 years,AmCham Chinas Business Climate Survey(BCS)has helped meet this need by providing accurate,detailed information about the key issues and challenges affecting US business in China.Key Findings:2023 Financial Performance:American companies in China report improved fina

6、ncial performance for 2023 with increased profitability and EBIT margins.Despite this,slightly less than half of respondents expected to be profitable.Optimism Recovers:The two-year business outlook for China has improved,with members showing increased optimism across the board,but especially with r

7、egards to domestic market growth,estimated profitability,and the economy.Intent to Invest:Chinas attractiveness as an investment destination has rebounded after last years sharp dip,with 50%of respondent companies now considering China among their top three global priorities,a 5pp increase year-on-y

8、ear.US-China Relations:Nearly all respondents view US-China relations as crucial to their businesses.Around 30%expect US-China relations to improve in 2024,a notably higher level of optimism than in 2023.Unequal Treatment:Although it varies by sector,overall,one-third of companies report being treat

9、ed less favorably by the Chinese authorities than their local competitors.Meanwhile,despite significant improvement compared to last year,a majority(57%)of companies lack confidence that China will further open its markets to foreign firms.Business Challenges Continue:The primary concerns of America

10、n companies continue to be US-China relations,Chinas regulatory environment,and rising costs as well as Chinas Cybersecurity Law and protecting intellectual property.Talent Retention:Expatriates have become somewhat more willing to relocate to China over the last year,though US-China tensions and ot

11、her factors still negatively affect foreign talent recruitment.ESG:80%of members report implementing ESG practices in China,primarily focused on strengthening DEI,employee training,and business ethics.We hope that this years BCS will inform policies on both sides of the Pacific and contribute to con

12、structive,sustainable,and mutually beneficial relations between the two countries.Sean Stein Chair,AmCham China February 20243AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report 主席致辭對眾多美國企業來說，中國不僅是關鍵市場，更是人才和創新的重要沃土，這對美國企業的全球競爭力至關重要。美企在華業務的深入不僅促進了美中關系和雙邊貿易，其帶來的益處也遠不僅體現在雙邊貿易和利潤數據方面。美國企業在其供應鏈中推崇公開透

13、明、尊重員工和反腐敗等價值，不僅樹立了良好的商業典范，優化了中國的商業環境，也為美國國內創造了更多就業機會。盡管美中貿易額近年有所擴大，但是兩國間的信任缺失和關系緊張問題依舊存在。在此背景下，信息的準確性更為重要。中國美國商會的商業環境調查報告至今已有超過 25 年的歷史，旨在通過提供詳實準確的信息，解析美國在華企業所面臨的核心問題與重要挑戰。主要議題：2023 年財務表現：2023 年在華美國企業的財務表現有所改善，盈利水平和息稅前利潤率均有所上升；略低于半數的受訪企業預期將實現盈利。樂觀態勢復蘇：會員企業對中國接下來兩年的商業前景預期有所改善，相較去年更為樂觀，尤其在中國的市場增長、盈利能

14、力和經濟總體狀況方面。投資意向：去年會員企業對中國的投資意向大幅下滑。今年情況略有改善，50%的受訪企業將中國列為全球首選或前三位投資目的地，相比 2022 年上升了 5 個百分點。美中關系：幾乎所有受訪企業均表示美中雙邊關系至關重要。近 30%的受訪企業預計 2024 年美中關系將有所改善，對雙邊關系的樂觀程度明顯高于 2023 年。待遇不均：近三分之一的受訪企業表示，相比本土企業外資企業受到更多不公平待遇，但這一感受在各細分領域存在差異。同時，有 57%的會員企業仍表示對中國進一步對外資開放市場的承諾表示不確定或信心不足，盡管相比 2022年有顯著改善。持續的商業挑戰：會員企業主要關切的問

15、題仍然集中在美中關系、中國的監管環境、成本，以及中國的網絡安全法律法規和知識產權保護等方面。人才留存問題：過去一年，外籍人才愿意調派至中國工作的意愿有所上升，盡管美中關系緊張和其他因素仍對招聘外籍人才產生負面影響。環境、社會及治理（ESG）情況：80%的會員企業表示已在中國開展“環境、社會及治理（ESG）”相關實踐，重點推進“多元化、平等、包容（DEI）”戰略，以及加強員工培訓和商業倫理建設。我們希望今年的商業環境調查報告能為兩國的政策制定提供相關信息支持，助力兩國構建具有建設性、可持續性、互利互惠的雙邊關系。譚森中國美國商會主席二零二四年二月4AmCham Chinas 2024 China

16、 Business Climate Survey Report Executive SummaryIn this years Business Climate Survey,members report improved financial results for 2023,with increased profitability and EBIT margins in key sectors,and a more positive two-year business forecast,driven by opportunities in carbon neutrality and expec

17、tations of continued economic reforms in China.However,most plan limited or no new investments in 2024,prioritizing growing core business over expansion.Tense US-China relations headline a number of persistent challenges for members,with this issue under an ever-brighter spotlight,followed by regula

18、tory inconsistencies,and rising costs.Over one-third feel less welcome in China,expressing doubts about market openness and concerns over unfair treatment in market access and regulatory enforcement.The Technology and R&D sector particularly struggles with cybersecurity and IPR issues,citing tech de

19、coupling and data policies as major constraints.Despite these challenges,most members are maintaining their manufacturing or sourcing in China.Talent retention has improved slightly,though is still impacted by bilateral tensions.Notably,80%of members are implementing Environmental,Social,and Governa

20、nce(ESG)practices such as Diversity,Equity,and Inclusion(DEI),employee training,and business ethics to boost their brand image.今年的商務環境調查報告顯示，受訪企業 2023 年財務狀況較上一年有所改善，主要行業的盈利水平和息稅前利潤率均有所上升。在中國實施碳中和戰略和企業期待中國經濟改革持續推進等因素的推動下，企業對未來兩年的業務前景更為樂觀。與此同時，大多數受訪企業在 2024 年僅考慮小幅增加在華投資或暫無計劃增加對華投資。相較于新增投資，企業將優先考慮推進核心業

21、務。在企業持續面臨的挑戰中，美中關系緊張仍是最主要的挑戰，其他挑戰還包括法規執行不一致、成本上升等。與此同時，超三分之一的受訪企業感到在中國受歡迎程度有所下降，在中國市場的開放程度、市場準入、監管執法中受到不公平待遇等方面存在擔憂。技術和研發行業在網絡安全和知識產權等方面面臨較大挑戰，主要受限于美中技術脫鉤和數據安全政策等因素。盡管面臨諸多挑戰，大多數受訪企業仍將保持在中國生產或采購的布局。雖然美中雙邊關系緊張造成的影響仍然存在，但人才留存率較上一年度有所改善。在“環境、社會責任和公司治理（ESG）”方面，80%的受訪企業在中國主要聚焦于“多元、平等與包容(DEI)”，員工教育、培訓和職業發展

22、，公司治理和商業道德等方面。5AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report Key Findings 要點綜述：1.2023 Financial Performance:Improved Results withIncreased Profitability and Rising EBIT Margins in KeySectorsThe 2024 Business Climate Survey reveals an improved financial situation,encouraged by the lifting o

23、f pandemic restrictions and increased high-level governmental engagements.Projected revenues for 2023 show a slight,yet significant,increase from last year,particularly in the Consumer and Services sectors.Notably,nearly half(49%)of the respondents anticipate profitability in 2023,improving by 5pp c

24、ompared to last year.Furthermore,about one-third of members expect an increase in their EBIT margins over 2022,with substantial growth in the Resources and Industrial(R&I)and Consumer sectors,aligning their EBIT margins of China operations closely with global figures.73714820223420205511642413469420

25、2128How would you characterize your companys financial performance in China in 2023?2023 年貴公司在華業務的財務表現如何？%By percentage Very profitable大幅盈利 Profitable盈利 Break even持平 Loss 虧損 Large loss大幅虧損Tech and R&D技術和研發行業Services服務行業Resources&Industrial資源和工業行業Consumer消費行業202320223332302718412237154123314202337202

26、320223436111338391692 23 33942119303116112023202263 32023202239391613323785551.2023 年財務表現：預期改善，關鍵行業盈利水平和息稅前利潤率有所上升2024 年商務環境調查報告顯示，在疫情防控措施解除和政府高層互訪增加等因素推動下，受訪企業對 2024 年的財務展望較上一年度有所改善。企業預計 2023 年營收有望實現小幅增長，尤其在消費行業和服務行業。其中，近半數受訪企業預計2023 年將實現盈利，這一比例較去年上升了 5 個百分點。此外，近三分之一的受訪企業預計其息稅前利潤率將超過 2022 年，其中資源和工業

27、行業以及消費行業的息稅前利潤率將實現大幅增長。約 68%的企業預計利潤率將超過全球平均水平或與全球水平持平。6AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report 2.Intent to Invest:Slight Rebound in Chinas Position asa Top Global Investment Destination In a notable shift from last year,when a majority of the respondents did not consider China among

28、their top three global investment priorities,this year sees a slight rebound.This year,half of the survey participants place China as their first choice or within their top three investment destinations globally,marking a 5pp increase from last years all-time low.Notably,this 50%includes 12%of membe

29、rs who operate solely in China,offering a more detailed view of the investment landscape.Chinas rank in near-term global investment plans 中國在近期全球投資計劃中的重要性%By percentage 2.投資意向：中國作為全球重要投資目的地的地位有所回升2022 年，中國多年來首次不再被多數會員企業列為全球前三大投資目的地。2023 年，企業對華投資意向略有回升，50%的受訪企業將中國列為全球首選或前三位投資目的地，相比 2022 年的歷史最低點上升了 5

30、個百分點。這 50%的受訪企業中，有 12%的受訪企業僅在中國開展業務，這為我們觀察企業投資布局提供了更加詳盡的視角。20192039301120202140291020212214383129381117202216122233182023 First priority首要投資目的地 Top three priority三大投資目的地之一 One among many destinations眾多投資目的地之一 Not a high priority不是優先考慮對象 We only have operations in China只在中國有業務7AmCham Chinas 2024 Chin

31、a Business Climate Survey Report 3.US-China Relations:Nearly All Respondents View US-China Relations as Crucial,with More Optimism for Improved Bilateral Ties and Market Access in 2024 Nearly all respondents,especially from the Technology and R&D sector,consider US-China relations crucial to their b

32、usinesses,with around 30%expecting improvements of bilateral relations in 2024,reflecting a rise in optimism compared to 2023.With members polled for this survey ahead of the Biden-Xi bilateral summit in late 2023,there was hope for Chinas market to become more accessible to foreign companies and se

33、ek adjustments in Chinas data policies.Members also hope the US government can moderate its rhetoric and pursue effective,high-level dialogues,while urging the Chinese government to treat US businesses fairly and engage more with the foreign business community.Importance of positive bilateral relati

34、ons between the US and China to your companys business growth in China 良好的美中雙邊關系對貴公司在華業務增長的重要性%By percentage Extremely important極其重要 Not important不重要 Not at all important完全不重要 very important非常重要 Somewhat important比較重要202320225229155428173 31 11 111Tech and R&D技術和研發行業Resources&Industrial資源和工業行業Consum

35、er消費行業Services服務行業1456291451332 22454191 11 11553311 13.美中關系：幾乎所有受訪企業均表示美中雙邊關系至關重要，并對 2024 年雙邊關系和市場準入條件改善持更為樂觀的態度幾乎所有受訪企業都認為，美中關系是其發展在華業務的關鍵因素，技術和研發行業尤為突出。近 30%的受訪企業預計 2024 年美中關系將有所改善，對雙邊關系的樂觀程度明顯高于 2023 年。會員填寫問卷時正值 2023 年底兩國元首會晤前夕，會員企業期待借此機會推動中國擴大對外資企業的市場準入，改善數據政策。會員企業也期待美國政府避免使用激烈言辭，推動有效的高層對話；期待中國

36、政府給予在華美國企業公平待遇，并積極與外國商界交流。8AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report 4.Confidence in Chinas Openness:Sectoral Differencesin Fair Treatment and Cautious Optimism About ChinasMarket OpeningOne-third of the survey participants say they experienced unfair treatment compared to local compet

37、itors,albeit with some improvement from past years.This feeling also differs across sectors:Consumer companies report enhanced fairness,whereas the Technology and R&D sector notes a decline in equitable treatment.How are foreign companies in your industry treated by government policies and enforceme

38、nt actions relative to domestic companies?與國內公司相比，您所在行業的外資公司受到的待遇如何？%By percentage 20213376120233110602022387552022516432023427512023172460202263262202336592022355610Tech and R&D技術和研發行業Resources&Industrial資源和工業行業Consumer消費行業Services服務行業20223665820232467105 5 Foreign companies receive preferential tr

39、eatment vs.domestic companies相比本土企業，外資企業受到優惠待遇 Foreign companies are treated equally vs.domestic companies相比本土企業，外資企業受到同等待遇 Foreign companies are treated unfairly vs.domestic companies相比本土企業，外資企業受到不公平待遇4.對中國市場開放的信心：基于行業差異的公平待遇和對中國市場開放程度的謹慎樂觀三分之一的受訪企業表示，相比本土企業，外資企業受到更多不公平待遇，盡管情況較過去幾年有所改善。同時，各行業感受有所不同

40、，如消費行業的企業表示被平等對待的情況有所改善，而技術和研發行業則表示情況有所惡化。9AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report How confident are you that the Chinese government is committed to further opening Chinas market to foreign investment in the coming three years?您對中國政府在未來三年將進一步向外資開放市場持有多少信心？%By percentage Very confiden

41、t非常有信心 Confident有信心 Unsure不確定 Not confident沒有信心 Very unconfident非常沒有信心Tech and R&D技術和研發行業Resources&Industrial資源和工業行業Consumer消費行業Services服務行業71840727113384310114412226123910332023202212368391646296105182562540621816351331212611338202220232023202220232022202220233 35 55 55 5Among members from all sect

42、ors,57%are either uncertain or lack confidence in Chinas dedication to further opening its market to foreign investments.Despite this,there is an increase in optimism by 9pp compared to last year.This combination of uncertainty and optimism suggests that members have a cautious view of Chinas effort

43、s to further open its market over the next three years.在各細分領域中，57%的會員企業對中國進一步對外資開放市場的承諾表示不確定或信心不足。然而，對中國持續開放市場表示有信心的企業較 2022 年增加了 9 個百分點。這表明會員企業對中國在未來三年進一步開放市場的承諾持謹慎樂觀態度。10AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report 5.Top Five Business Challenges:Persistent Concerns Over US-China Relatio

44、ns,Regulatory Interpretations,and Costs Since 2021For the fourth consecutive year,rising tensions in US-China relations remain a primary concern for members,a trend that began in 2021.Although the level of concern has marginally decreased compared to last year,it still ranks high among members prior

45、ities.Additionally,there is a growing concern regarding inconsistent regulatory interpretations and rising labor costs.Apart from 2023,when COVID-19 restrictions surfaced as a predominant issue,these challenges have consistently ranked within the top two or three concerns for members.Please select y

46、our TOP FIVE business challenges in China 貴公司在華業務影響最大的五個商業挑戰202020212022202320241Rising labor costs勞動力成本增加45%Rising tensions in US-China relations美中關系日益緊張78%Rising tensions in US-China relations美中關系日益緊張56%Rising tensions in US-China relations美中關系日益緊張66%Rising tensions in US-China relations美中關系日益緊張61

47、%2Inconsistent regulatory interpretation and unclear laws&enforcement法律法規和執行不一致/不明確41%Rising labor costs勞動力成本增加40%Inconsistent regulatory interpretation and unclear laws&enforcement法律法規和執行不一致/不明確31%COVID-19 prevention measures新冠疫情防控措施 55%Inconsistent regulatory interpretation and unclear laws&enforc

48、ement法律法規和執行不一致/不明確30%3Rising tensions in US-China relations美中關系日益緊張41%Inconsistent regulatory interpretation and unclear laws&enforcement法律法規和執行不一致/不明確37%Rising labor costs勞動力成本增加29%Inconsistent regulatory interpretation and unclear laws&enforcement法律法規和執行不一致/不明確32%Rising labor costs勞動力成本增加27%4Regu

49、latory compliance risks監管合規風險23%Increasing competition from privately owned Chinese companies 來自中國民企日益激烈的競爭33%Regulatory compliance risks監管合規風險28%Rising labor costs勞動力成本增加25%Concerns about data security對數據安全的擔憂26%5Shortages of qualified management缺少合格的管理人員23%Concerns about data security對數據安全的擔憂26%Co

50、ncerns about data security對數據安全的擔憂23%Regulatory compliance risks監管合規風險25%Increasing competition from privately owned Chinese companies 來自中國民企日益激烈的競爭24%5.企業在華業務面臨的五大商業挑戰：自 2021 年以來，美中雙邊關系、法律法規執行及成本上升成為企業持續擔憂的挑戰自 2021 年以來，美中關系緊張已連續四年成為會員企業在華開展業務的主要擔憂，盡管與 2022 年相比程度略有下降。另外，企業也愈發關注法律法規不一致和勞動力成本上升等問題。除新冠

51、疫情防控措施成為 2022 年度主要焦點外，上述問題始終是會員企業在華面臨的前三大商業挑戰。11AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report 6.IP Concerns:Technology and R&D Sector Faces Considerable Cybersecurity Challenges and Persistent Concerns Over IPR Enforcement in ChinaMembers from the Technology and R&D sector report considera

52、ble challenges related to Chinas Cybersecurity Law.Although 35%recognize advancements in the enforcement of Chinas intellectual property rights(IPR),the drop from 2020 underscores ongoing concerns regarding IPR issues.In the last year,Chinas enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights(IPR)has:在過去一年中

53、，中國在知識產權法律法規執行方面：%By percentage Improved改善 Stayed the same保持不變 Deteriorated惡化 Unsure不確定47282544312236332935332820202021202220234 42 23 31 16.知識產權：技術和研發行業面臨較大的網絡安全挑戰，企業對中國知識產權執法持續擔憂來自技術和研發行業的受訪企業表示在網絡安全法相關問題上面臨較大挑戰。盡管 35%的受訪企業對過去一年中國在加強知識產權保護方面所做的努力表示認可，但與 2020年相比，整體感受仍有所下降，體現了企業對知識產權問題的持續擔憂。12AmCham

54、 Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report 7.Manufacturing or Sourcing:Majority of Members Retain Capacity in China Despite Growing Concerns Over Geopolitical Tensions andPolicy UncertaintiesA majority of members across sectors have no plans to move their manufacturing and sourcing out of Chi

55、na.Yet,from 2021,there is a slight,but notable,uptick in the number of members considering this option.Particularly,the Services sector shows the highest percentage of companies deciding against relocating their capacities.Among those considering a relocation,the main factors driving this considerat

56、ion are escalating geopolitical tensions,risk management issues,and uncertainties in Chinas policy landscape.Although concerns about risk management have diminished,concerns over geopolitical tensions have increased significantly from last year.Is your company considering,or has it already begun the

57、 process of relocating manufacturing or sourcing outside of China?貴公司是否開始，或考慮開始將生產或采購轉移至中國境外？%By percentage No,we are not considering relocating manufacturing or sourcing outside of China不，我司沒有考慮將生產采購轉移至中國境外 Yes,we are considering relocating but have not taken active steps to relocate manufacturing

58、or sourcing outside of China yet是的，我司在考慮轉移，但還沒有采取行動將生產采購轉移至中國境外 Yes,we have started the process of relocating manufacturing or sourcing outside of China是的，我司已經開始將生產采購轉移至中國境外 Other其他20198389202083872 2202377121116166761777Tech and R&D技術和研發行業Resources&Industrial資源和工業行業Consumer消費行業Services服務行業202274121

59、22 2202183773 37903 382154 47.生產或采購：盡管對地緣政治局勢和政策環境不確定性的顧慮增加，但大多數受訪企業仍將保在中國的布局絕大多數企業并未考慮將生產或采購轉移至中國境外，但與2021 年相比，考慮此選項的企業比例有小幅提升。其中，服務行業不考慮轉移的企業比例最高。在考慮轉移的受訪企業中，其考量主要受地緣政治局勢緊張、風險管理等因素影響，以及對政策環境不確定性的顧慮。盡管 2023 年對風險管理表示擔憂的企業比例有所下降，但對地緣局勢表示擔憂的企業比例較 2022 年翻了一倍。13AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate

60、Survey Report 8.Talent Retention:Reduced Reluctance to Relocate to ChinaAmid Rising Concerns Over US-China Relations Impacting Foreign Talent RecruitmentThe primary challenges in attracting foreign talent to China,as reported by members,include concerns over US-China relations and a general reluctan

61、ce to relocate and reside in China.But there has been a significant reduction in concerns related to candidates unwillingness or inability to relocate to China this year,likely as a result of the termination of Chinas Zero-COVID policy.Meanwhile,the issue of escalating bilateral tensions has grown m

62、ore prominent among respondents,increasing by 6pp over the last year.Significant challenges to recruit and retain expatriate talent to work in China 招聘和留住在華外籍人才的顯著挑戰%By percentage Qualified candidates unwilling to move to China合格候選人不愿意搬到中國Individual Income Tax regulations 新個人所得稅法Internet/media censo

63、rship互聯網/媒體審查Slowing Chinese economy中國經濟增長放緩Poor air quality空氣質量問題Other health and safety concerns 其他健康和安全問題Qualified candidates unable to move to China合格候選人無法搬到中國Other 其他Bilateral tensions and other geopolitical concerns雙邊關系緊張和其它地緣政治因素High cost of living and payroll costs生活和工資成本高Food/water safety c

64、oncerns食品/用水安全顧慮 2023 2022423633512823252021171813162116141444116348.人才留存：外籍員工招聘仍受美中雙邊關系影響，但不愿移居中國的外籍人才比例有所下降受訪企業表示，對美中雙邊關系的擔憂是影響外籍員工招聘的最主要因素，另一因素是外籍人士在中國生活的意愿不足。與2022 年相比，不愿移居中國的外籍人士比例有顯著下降，或與疫情管控政策結束有關。同時，更多會員企業認為雙邊關系緊張將成為外籍員工留存的首要挑戰，較2022 年增長 6 個百分點。14AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Sur

65、vey Report 9.ESG:80%of Surveyed Members Implement ESG Practicesin China,Emphasizing DEI,Employee Training,and Ethics toBoost Business ReputationAround 80%of the surveyed members are implementing ESG practices in their China operations,with half viewing it as beneficial for improving their business r

66、eputation.The most popular ESG initiatives among these companies include DEI,employee training programs,and a focus on business ethics.Does your company implement Environment(E),Social(S),and Governance(G)strategies in China operations?貴公司在中國是否實施了“環境、社會責任和公司治理(ESG)”戰略？%By percentage Yes,we have an E

67、SG strategy in China and it is aligned with our global ESG strategy是的。我們在華的 ESG 戰略與公司總部的 ESG 戰略一致 Yes,we modified our global ESG strategy and tailored it for the China market是的。我們對公司的 ESG 戰略進行了優化，以適應中國市場 Our company has an ESG strategy at the global level,but has not implemented it in China yet 我們公司

68、在全球總部層面有 ESG 戰略，但目前在華沒有實施 Our company does not have an ESG strategy我們公司沒有 ESG 戰略736571412981259531319151413146868211171663161296713166391514Tech and R&D技術和研發行業Services服務行業Resources&Industrial資源和工業行業Consumer消費行業202220232022202320222023202220234459.ESG 戰略：80%的受訪企業在中國實施 ESG 戰略，主要聚焦于“多元、平等與包容（DEI）”價值，員工

69、培訓和商業倫理等約 80%的會員企業表示已在中國實施了 ESG 戰略，其中近半數企業旨在通過實施 ESG 戰略提高商業聲譽。企業 ESG 戰略的重點包括“多元、平等與包容（DEI）”價值，員工培訓和商業倫理等。15AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report 2024 Survey Methodology 2024 年調查方法1.16AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report PrefaceMembers represent enterprises of var

70、ious sizes from a broad range of industries,including many with global operations.We continue to categorize these industries into four sectors for further data analysis:Technology and other R&D-intensive Industries(Tech and R&D),Resources and Industrial(R&I),Consumer(products and services),and Servi

71、ces.The survey was conducted from October 19 to November 10,2023.The total sample size was 343(see Figure 8).前 言受訪企業代表各行業不同規模的企業，包括許多業務遍布全球的跨國企業。為了進行深入的數據分析，我們將這些企業所屬的行業分為四大類：技術和研發、資源和工業、消費（包括消費品和服務）以及服務行業。本次調查時間為 2023 年 10 月 19 日至 11 月 10 日。參與調查的企業總數為 343 家（圖 8）。Note:The data represented in the cha

72、rts has been rounded,which may result in the total percentages across some charts not summing up precisely to 100%注：由于四舍五入，各數據之和可能不等于總額（100%）17AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report Figure 1.Number of employees圖 1.雇員人數Figure 3.Respondents position圖 3.受訪者職位Figure 4.Where does your co

73、mpany have a legal presence?圖 4.貴公司在哪個國家設有法律實體（包括辦事處）？Less than 250小于 250 人Senior-level country manager(CEO,VP,Managing Director,Chief Representative)中國高管級別（包括 CEO，副總裁，總經理，董事總經理，首席代表）Director of government relations or public relations政府關系或公共關系總監Director/functional leader of other department(e.g.,HR

74、 Director,Finance Director,Sales Director,COO)總監/其他職能部門主管（如：人力資源部總監，財務總監，銷售總監，首席運營官等）China,US,and outside of China and the US中國，美國和美中以外的其他國家和地區China中國China,the US中國，美國China,Outside of China and the US中國，中國和美國以外的國家和地區Outside of China and the US中國和美國以外的國家和地區US美國US,Outside of China and the US美國，中國和美國以外

75、的國家和地區Other其他250 to 1,000250 人-1000 人1,001 to 2,0001001 人-2000 人2,001 to 5,0002001 人-5000 人More than 5,000大于 5000 人40562314718121119%By percentage%By percentage Figure 2.Revenue(2023 USD estimate)圖 2.2023 年營收（單位：美元估值）Less than 10 million小于 1,000 萬元10 to 100 million1,000 萬元 1 億元100 to 500 million1 億元

76、 5 億元10 to 50 billion100 億元 500 億元500 million to 1 billion5 億元 10 億元More than 50 billion大于 500 億元1 to 10 billion10 億元 100 億元Did not answer未回復2620191116459221044%By percentage%By percentage 121118AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report Figure 5.Where are the customers that your compan

77、y primarily serves?圖 5.貴公司主要服務哪些國家的客戶?Figure 6.What percentage of your companys global revenues is China expected to account for this year?圖 6.本年度貴公司在華業務在全球營收中占多大比例？Both customers in China and outside of China中國和其他國家/地區的客戶 Customers in China中國的客戶 Customers outside of China中國以外國家/地區的客戶32214 310304018

78、6392420232022%By percentage 10%10-25%25-35%35-50%50%Did not answer未回復%By percentage 5047319AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report 202275320165 5Figure 7.Which of the following describes your companys main business model in China?圖 7.不同行業會員在中國的主要商業模式%By percentage Produce or source g

79、oods or services in China for the China market針對中國市場，在華生產或提供產品或服務 Import goods or services into China進口產品或服務到中國 Other其他 Produce or source goods or services in China for markets other than the US or China針對美中兩國以外市場，在華生產或提供產品或服務 Produce or source goods or services in China for the US market針對美國市場，在華生產

80、或提供產品或服務2023202258131957221464 42 24 420232022114535134311285 55 54 42023202215502794335134 44 4Consumer消費行業Resources&Industrial資源和工業行業Services服務行業Other其他行業Tech and R&D技術和研發行業202365319184 42023202266191695991775 52023202253365627124 44 44 41 14 420AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Rep

81、ort Figure 8.Survey respondents were segmented into four main categories圖 8.受訪企業所屬行業分為四大類別 ConsumerProducts消費品 RetailandDistribution零售與分銷 HealthcareServices醫療服務 Education教育 MediaandEntertainment媒體與娛樂 HospitalityandTravel&Leisure酒店、旅游與休閑 Social&PublicSector/nonprofit(includingindustryassociations)社會和

82、公共事業/非營利機構（包括行業協會）Other(e.g.SupplyChainMgmt,Manufacturing,Productdevelopmentandsourcing,investmentandtrade)其它行業（如：供應鏈管理、產品開發和外包，投資和貿易等）FinancialServices(e.g.,Banking,Insurance)金融服務（如：銀行、保險）RealEstateandDevelopment房地產和開發 TransportationandLogistics運輸與物流 Investing(e.g.,PrivateEquity,VentureCapital)投資（如

83、：私募股權、風險投資等）OtherServices(e.g.,Law,HumanResources,Accounting,Marketing,AdvertisingandPR,Research,Consulting)其他服務（如：法律、人力資源、會計、市場營銷、廣告和公關、調研、咨詢）Aerospace航天航空 HealthcareProducts(e.g.,Pharmaceuticals,MedicalTechnology)醫療產品（如：制藥、醫療器械）Technology/TelecommunicationsHardware科技/電信硬件 Technology/telecommunicat

84、ionsServices科技/電信服務 Agribusiness農業 Automotive&TransportationVehicles汽車和交通工具 Machinery,Equipment,Systems&Controls機械、設備、系統和控制 Oil&Gas/Energy石油&天然氣/能源 OtherIndustrial(e.g.,Chemicals,Mining,Paper&Packaging)其他工業領域（如：化學品、采礦、造紙與包裝）Technology&other R&D-intensive industries(Tech and R&D)技術和研發行業(n=79)Consumer

85、消費行業(n=90)Resources&Industrial 資源和工業行業(n=64)Services服務行業(n=81)Other其他行業(n=23)Performance Snapshot 績效速覽2.22AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report PrefaceThis years survey data presents an optimistic forecast for 2024,likely influenced both by the lifting of pandemic-related restricti

86、ons and by an increase in high-level bilateral engagements.2023 revenue is estimated to increase slightly in comparison to 2022,especially in the Consumer and Services sectors(Figure 9).49%of respondents expect to be profitable in 2023,an increase of 5pp from last year(Figure 10).Almost one-third of

87、 survey respondents predict their 2023 Earnings Before Interest and Taxes(EBIT)margins would rise,rebounding from 2022 levels(Figure 11).Nearly half of the respondents indicate that their projected EBIT margins are comparable to their global margins,with the most significant growth from the previous

88、 year observed in the R&I and Consumer sectors(Figure 12).前 言在新冠疫情防控措施取消和近期美中元首成功會晤的背景下，會員企業對 2024 年中國商業環境信心較 2023 年有所提升。會員企業預計 2023 年營收相較 2022 年有所增長，尤其體現在消費行業和服務行業（圖 9）。近半數會員預計 2023 年將實現盈利，這一比例較 2022 年上漲 5 個百分點（圖 10）。近三分之一受訪企業預計，2023 年息稅前利潤率(EBIT)相較 2022 年有所改善（圖 11）。近半數受訪企業表示，預計息稅前利潤率與全球利潤率水平相當，其中資

89、源和工業行業、消費品行業相較 2022 年顯著增長（圖 12）。23AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report Compared with 2022,2023 revenue estimated to increase slightly,especially in the Consumer and Services sectors會員企業預計 2023 年營收相較 2022 年有所增長，尤其在消費行業和服務行業Figure 9.How does the estimated 2023 revenue of your compan

90、ys China operations compare with 2022 results?圖 9.2023 年貴公司在華業務營收預計與 2022 年相比有何變化？%By percentage The data reveals a positive shift in revenue expectations from 2022 to 2023,with 39%of respondents expecting an increase in revenue,a 7pp increase from the pre-vious year.Additionally,one-third of the re

91、spondents anticipate maintaining a rev-enue level similar to the previous year.Yet these figures are still below 2021 levels.Sector-wise,the Consumer sector shows a boost in optimism,with 49%report-ing an expected increase in revenue.The Services industry also reflects a positive trend,with 31%antic

92、ipating revenue growth.This rebound in optimism may be attributed to the lifting of COVID-19 related restrictions,leading to increased con-sumer confidence and activities.2023 年數據顯示，與 2022 年相比，會員企業在華業務的預期營收呈上升趨勢，39%的企業預計收入將增長，這一比例較 2022 年增加了 7 個百分點。超過三分之一的企業預計收入持平，與 2022 年基本一致。與此同時，其營收表現仍低于 2021 年水平

93、。從細分行業看，消費行業發展態勢樂觀，約 49%的受訪企業預期收入增長，服務行業有 31%的受訪企業預計收入增長。這一趨勢或得益于中國取消疫情防控措施，增強了消費者信心并刺激了消費活動。323434353134582814202120202022 Up上升 Comparable (2%)持平 Down下降3933282023Consumer消費行業Resources&Industrial資源和工業行業Services服務行業Tech and R&D技術和研發行業4921302023302346202233363120234227312022313930202319473420224238202

94、023413327202224AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report 73714820223420205511642413469420212849%of members expect to be profitable in 2023,up 5pp since last year,with a 15pp rise in the Consumer sector近半數會員預計 2023 年將實現盈利，盈利企業比例相比上一年上漲 5 個百分點，其中消費行業上漲 15 個百分點Figure 10.How would you char

95、acterize your companys financial performance in China in 2023?圖 10.2023 年貴公司在華業務的財務表現如何？The overall financial performance of members in 2023 indicates a mod-est rebound,though it still falls short of pre-pandemic levels.Nearly half of the respondents anticipate profitability,up 5pp from 2022.The mos

96、t significant improvement is in the Consumer sector,which sees a 15pp rise in those expecting to be“profitable”or“very profitable”.This trend reflects cautious optimism and suggests gradual recovery in the business climate.2023 年，會員企業的整體財務表現雖稍有改善，但與疫情前水平相比仍有差距。數據顯示，約一半的企業預計其在中國的業務將實現盈利，較 2022 年增加了 5

97、 個百分點。其中，消費行業經營情況改善最為明顯，預計實現盈利的企業比例較 2022 年增長了 15個百分點。這一趨勢顯示企業對當前商業環境持謹慎樂觀態度，市場情緒逐步回暖。%By percentage Very profitable大幅盈利 Profitable盈利 Break even持平 Loss 虧損 Large loss大幅虧損Tech and R&D技術和研發行業Services服務行業Resources&Industrial資源和工業行業Consumer消費行業2023202233323027184122371541233142023372023202234361113383916

98、92 23 33942119303116112023202263 320232022393916133237855525AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report 194140293437453916202120202022EBIT margins have rebounded from 2022 levels,with Consumer and Services sectors seeing double-digit improvements息稅前利潤率相較 2022 年有所改善，消費行業和服務行業盈利企業比例實現兩位數增長

99、Nearly one-third of the respondents anticipate profitability this year,marking a 10pp increase from 2022,while 42%report that their EBIT margins are comparable to those of 2021.The proportion of companies in the Consumer sector expecting an improvement in their EBIT mar-gins has risen by 20pp,while

100、in the Services sector this proportion has increased by 15pp.近三分之一的受訪企業預計今年將實現盈利，較2022 年上升了 10 個百分點。同時，有 42%的企業表示其息稅前利潤率與 2021 年持平。其中，消費行業中預期 EBIT 利潤率提升的企業比例較2022 年上升了 20 個百分點，而服務行業中這一比例增長了 15 個百分點。Figure 11.How do the estimated 2023 EBIT margins of your companys China operations compare with those

101、of 2022?圖 11.2023 年貴公司在華業務的息稅前利潤率相比 2022 年狀況如何？%By percentage Up增長 Comparable (1%)持平 Down下滑294229202338293320231932492022244037202325363920222744292023124444202229452620232548272022Tech and R&D技術和研發行業Services服務行業Resources&Industrial資源和工業行業Consumer消費行業26AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Surve

102、y Report Nearly 50%of respondents say their estimated EBIT margins are comparable to their global margins,with the biggest increases from last year seen in the R&I and Consumer sectors近半數受訪企業，預計在華業務息稅前利潤率與全球息稅前利潤率水平相當，其中資源和工業行業、消費行業相較 2022 年顯著 增長19%of survey participants indicate that their projecte

103、d EBIT margins of Chi-na operations surpass the global average.Meanwhile,50%of respondents say their EBIT margins align with the global level.Notably,the proportion of companies in the R&I and Consumer sectors with margins exceeding and comparable to the global average has increased by 13pp and 10pp

104、 respec-tively.19%的企業預計其在華業務的息稅前利潤率將超過全球平均水平，約 50%的企業預計利潤率與全球水平相當。在技術和研發行業及消費行業中，預計在華 EBIT 高于或持平于全球平均 EBIT 的企業比例分別增加了 13 個百分點和 10 個百分點。Figure 12.How do the estimated EBIT margins of your companys China operations compare with your companys global margins in 2023?圖 12.2023 年貴公司在華業務的息稅前利潤率與全球息稅前利潤率相比如

105、何？%By percentage 124840264726245026202120202022 Higher than global margins高于全球息稅前利潤率 Comparable (1%)持平 Lower than global margins低于全球息稅前利潤率19493320232514404135462023202227134451293620232022910484943412023202210106249284120232022Tech and R&D技術和研發行業Services服務行業Resources&Industrial資源和工業行業Consumer消費行業Bus

106、iness Operations and Goals商業運營和經營目標3.28AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report PrefaceThe near-term business outlook for China has improved compared with last year.Members are showing increased optimism,particularly in bilateral relations(up 11pp),the regulatory environment(up 9pp),a

107、nd profitability potential(up 7pp)(Figure 13).In addition,members report increased expectations for Chinas industry market growth in 2024(Figure 14).More than half of the respondents report no changes in their investment plans,suggesting stability in their business strategies.More than 60%of respond

108、ents still plan to grow their core business in China in 2024,with a similar response across each industry segment(Figure 18).Business opportunities remain stable across most sectors compared to last year.The R&I sector is seeing a rise in initiatives related to carbon neutrality.In the Consumer sect

109、or,more opportunities are arising from Chinas continuing economic and market reforms,but there is a noticeable reduction in the demand for foreign brands(Figure 17).US-China relations continue to be the primary business concern for our members for the third consecutive year,followed by issues with i

110、nconsistent laws and regulations(30%),increasing labor costs(27%),data security concerns(26%),and growing competition from private Chinese firms(24%).The Tech and R&D sectors highlight new challenges in indigenous innovation and industrial policy.The R&I sector cites concerns over industry overcapac

111、ity and RMB volatility.In the Consumer sector,labor costs have emerged as the second most pressing issue(36%).Data security is a major concern in both the Services(44%)and Tech and R&D(30%)sectors(Figure 16).Approximately 80%of respondents are engaging in Environmental,Social,and Governance(ESG)stra

112、tegies within their operations in China,with half of the members perceiving this as advantageous for enhancing their positive business image(Figure 19).The top three ESG strategies among member companies are Diversity,Equity,and Inclusion(DEI),employee training,and business ethics.前 言受訪企業對于在華業務的前景預期

113、較 2022 年有所改善，尤其在美中雙邊關系（增長 11 個百分點）、監管環境（增長9 個百分點）以及盈利潛力（增長 7 個百分點）等方面表現出較大幅度的改善（圖 13）。受訪企業對 2024 年中國行業市場增長的預期有所提升（圖 14）。超半數受訪企業表示，其在華投資策略保持不變，反映了企業戰略的穩定性。此外，超過 60%的受訪企業計劃在 2024 年繼續在中國推進其核心業務，不同行業細分市場趨勢類似（圖 18）。大多數行業在華業務的商業機遇與 2022 年基本一致。在技術和研發行業中，與碳中和相關的機遇呈增長態勢。中國市場經濟的持續改革為消費行業帶來商機。與此同時，中國市場對外國品牌的需求

114、有所下降（圖 17）。美中關系緊張已連續四年成為會員企業在中國開展業務時面臨的最大商業挑戰。其次是法律法規執行不一致（30%）、勞動力成本上升（27%）、數據安全問題（26%）以及來自中國民營企業的競爭（24%）。在技術和研發領域中，自主創新和其它產業政策帶來新挑戰。在資源和工業行業中，產能過剩和人民幣波動引發會員企業擔憂。勞動力成本上升則成為消費行業除美中關系外另一主要關注問題（占 36%）。技術和研發行業（30%）和服務業（44%）則主要關注數據安全問題（圖 16）。約 80%的受訪者正在中國實施“環境、社會責任和公司治理（ESG）”戰略，其中一半會員認為實施 ESG 戰略有助于提升其在華

115、企業形象（圖 19）。會員企業在華 ESG 戰略主要聚焦于：“多元、平等與包容（DEI）”價值、員工培訓以及商業倫理。29AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report Compared with last year,members outlook is more positive across all domains,especially for bilateral relations會員企業對未來兩年在華業務的預期有所改善，尤其在雙邊關系方面Figure 13.Two-year business outlook in Chin

116、a圖 13.貴公司對今后兩年的中國業務展望Members view the business climate in China over the next two years with in-creasing optimism across all areas when compared to last year,particularly in US-China relations.Members feel most positive about domestic market growth(44%),profitability potential(40%),and economic reco

117、very(38%),and remain conservative on regulatory environment(28%),cost competitiveness(24%),and US-China relations(19%).相較上一年度，會員企業對未來兩年中國各行業營商環境態度更為樂觀，尤其在雙邊關系方面。企業對中國市場增長（44%）、盈利潛力（40%）和經濟復蘇（38%）最為樂觀，對監管環境（28%）、成本水平（24%）和美中關系（19%）則相對謹慎。%By percentage Optimistic樂觀 Slightly optimistic較為樂觀 Neutral中立 Sl

118、ightly pessimistic略微悲觀 Pessimistic悲觀3029US-China relations美中關系Regulatory environment監管環境Economic recovery/growth經濟復蘇/增長Profitability potential盈利潛力Cost competitive-ness/cost levels成本競爭力/成本水平Competitive pressure競爭壓力Domestic market growth國內市場增長20242023202420232216373612172328202420232024202320242023201

119、737449828262024202320242023129323329277112120242573128107302633372022163020173635371 13 365735619144041283278991445630AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report Expectations for industry market growth in 2024 are higher than they were in 2023 across the board,with increases in the Consu

120、mer(16pp)and Tech(5pp)sectors受訪企業預計 2024 年行業市場增長情況將好于 2023 年，尤其是消費行業與技術和研發行業Figure 14.Forecast for your industrys market growth in 2024 vs.2023 圖 14.與 2023 年相比，預計 2024 年行業市場的增長情況%By percentage Survey respondents have expressed an increased optimism regarding the mar-ket growth in China for 2024.In t

121、he Consumer sector,there is an anticipated market growth of 16pp,which may be attributed to the recovery of the hospital-ity and transportation industries.Similarly,the Technology and R&D sector has also observed a 5pp increase in those expected market growth.R&I and Services sectors have reported a

122、 more significant increase in modest market growth.受訪企業對 2024 年各行業市場增長均持更加樂觀的態度。預計市場增長的消費行業企業比例增加了 16 個百分點，或得益于酒店和交通運輸行業的回暖；預測市場增長的技術和研發行業企業比例提升 5 個百分點。資源和工業行業及服務行業中，預期市場將實現“適度增長”的企業比例顯著增加。2024202316624312088273716 20%10-20%5-50%26-50%21-25%11-20%1-10%No investment expansion planned無投資擴大計劃 Planning

123、to decrease investments計劃減少投資202420233731994346591 13 31 18186322756Tech and R&D技術和研發行業Resources&Industrial資源和工業行業Consumer消費行業Services服務行業3755353 33 32 23 32 22 23 32 22 253 3115%if they had greater market access in China半數受訪企業表示，如果中國擴大市場準入，將考慮追加超過 15%的投資291113202716342417920232022Tech and R&D技術和研發行

124、業Resources&Industrial資源和工業行業Consumer消費行業Services服務行業2 27201740171329132618111919371532213755AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report 57Across all sectors,57%report uncertainty or a lack of confidence over Chinas commitment to further opening its market to foreign investment,but there

125、is a 9pp rise in those expressing confidence對中國進一步向外資開放市場表示有信心的受訪企業比例增加了 9 個百分點；但仍有 57%的受訪企業對中國進一步開放表示不確定或信心不足Figure 39.How confident are you that the Chinese government is committed to further opening Chinas market to foreign investment in the coming three years?圖 39.您對中國政府在未來三年將進一步向外資開放市場持有多少信心？%B

126、y percentage Across all sectors,57%of members express uncertainty or a lack of confi-dence regarding Chinas commitment to further opening its market to for-eign investment.However,there is a notable increase in optimism,with a 9pp rise in those expressing confidence compared to last year.This mixed

127、sentiment indicates a cautious but slightly more positive outlook towards Chinas market opening efforts in the coming three years.在各細分領域中，57%的會員企業表示對中國進一步對外資開放市場的承諾表示不確定或信心不足。然而，對持續開放市場表示有信心的企業增加了9個百分點，相比2022年有所改善。這表明會員企業對中國在未來三年進一步開放市場的承諾持謹慎樂觀態度。Very confident非常有信心 Confident有信心 Unsure不確定 Not confid

128、ent沒有信心 Very unconfident非常沒有信心Tech and R&D技術和研發行業Resources&Industrial資源和工業行業Consumer消費行業Services服務行業71840727113384310114412226123910332023202212368391646296105182562540621816351331212611338202220232023202220232022202220233 3555AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report 58Consistent with

129、 last year,72%of respondents report at least some pressure to make(or not make)statements around politically sensitive issues72%的會員表示，在過去一年中曾面臨就政治敏感問題發表（或不發表）聲明的壓力，情況與去年一致%By percentage Consistent with the previous years findings,72%of respondents re-port experiencing at least some pressure to eithe

130、r make statements or refrain from commenting on politically sensitive issues.This trend indicates a continued presence of political pressure in the foreign business community.2023 2022Figure 40.Did you receive pressures to make(or not make)statements about politically sensitive issues?圖 40.貴公司在過去一年是

131、否就政治敏感話題發表（或不發表）聲明受到相關外部壓力？We have experienced a significant increase in pressure我司面臨的壓力顯著增加We have experienced a slight increase in pressure我司面臨的壓力略微增加We have experienced a significant decrease in pressure我司面臨的壓力顯著降低We have experienced a slight decrease in pressure我司面臨的壓力略微降低We have experienced pre

132、ssure no greater than in previous years我司面臨的壓力與前幾年持平Unsure不確定We have not experienced any pressure我司未面臨任何壓力Other其他17192023322432202081111172%的受訪企業表示，過去一年中曾就政治敏感問題發表（或不發表）聲明的受到外部壓力，情況與 2022 年一致。此趨勢表明，外資商界仍然持續面臨政治壓力。AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report 59%By percentage Figure 41.Sour

133、ces of increased pressures 圖 41.壓力增加的來源 Such pressure related to political issues comes predominantly from the Chinese side,especially the Chinese government政治問題方面的壓力主要來自中方，尤其來自中國政府This pressure predominantly originates from Chinese sources,particularly from the Chi-nese government,followed by the C

134、hinese media,with the Chinese public/consumers and the US government tied for third place.The Chinese government中國政府Chinese media中國媒體The Chinese public/consumers中國公眾、消費者The US government美國政府International public/consumers國際公眾、消費者Business partners/suppliers or customers業務合作伙伴、供應商或客戶Global company lead

135、ership全球公司領導層US media美國媒體Third-party government(s)第三方政府Local company leadership本地公司領導層Other international media其他國際媒體NGOs and Associations非政府組織和協會61343232312625108776會員企業表示，由政治敏感問題帶來的壓力主要來自中方，尤其是來自中國政府。其次是中方媒體、公眾/消費者，繼而是美國政府。AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report 60In response to Ch

136、inas recent regulatory actions,two-fifths of respondents say they will reinforce internal compliance,while around the same number say it is causing uncertainty and worry at headquarters 為應對中國持續開展的監管行動，五分之二的受訪企業表示將更重視并加強內部合規；同時，上述行動引發了企業總部的疑慮Figure 42.Impact of Chinas recent regulatory actions(e.g.re

137、garding anti-trust,data privacy,addressing social issues etc)on business 圖 42.中國近期采取的監管行動（如關于反壟斷、數據隱私和解決社會問題等）對貴公司在華業務影響%By percentage In response to Chinas recent regulatory actions,two-fifths of the respondents indicate that they plan to reinforce internal compliance measures.This approach suggest

138、s a focus on ensuring that their operations align with the evolving regu-latory landscape in China.A similar portion of businesses report that the recent regulatory actions in China are creating a sense of uncertainty and concern at their headquarters.This sentiment is also influencing a decrease in

139、 companies confidence and willingness to invest in China.Leading us to emphasize and reinforce internal compliance and controls促使我司重視和加強內部合規和控制No impact沒有影響Decreasing our confidence and willingness to invest in China降低我司對在華投資的信心和意愿Increasing our confidence and willingness to invest in China增加我司對在華投資

140、的信心和意愿Unsure不確定41395181512Contributing to uncertainty and worry among headquarters由于不確定該類行動的未來方向、是否適用于外商投資企業，以及缺乏透明度，導致總部的不確定性和擔憂程度上升為應對中國近期的監管行動，五分為應對中國近期的監管行動，五分之二的受訪企業計劃加強內部合之二的受訪企業計劃加強內部合規，與中國最新的監管要求保持一規，與中國最新的監管要求保持一致。同時，五分之二的企業表示，致。同時，五分之二的企業表示，中國的監管行動令總部感到不確定中國的監管行動令總部感到不確定和擔憂，進而影響了其在華投資的和擔憂，

141、進而影響了其在華投資的信心和意愿。信心和意愿。AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report 61Only 16%of members report that at least 50%of their top(country)management are not native Mainland Chinese僅有 16%的受訪企業表示，中國業務高管團隊中非中國籍高管占半數以上Figure 43.Percentage of top(country)management that are not native Mainland Chi

142、nese 圖 43.非中國大陸籍的高級管理層人士比例4.2 Human Resources人力資源Members report that a significant majority of their management consists of native Mainland Chinese,with more than three-quar-ters of firms having less than 25%foreign management.The proportion of foreign management is lowest in the Tech and R&D sector

143、,while a small but substantial percentage of companies in other sectors have a majority of foreign management.%By percentage 75%50-75%25-50%0-25%Tech and R&D技術和研發行業Resources&Industrial資源和工業行業Consumer消費行業Services服務行業71891372781386123 3756172 2771158受訪企業表示，其高管人員由中國大陸籍人士擔任受訪企業表示，其高管人員由中國大陸籍人士擔任的比例較高。管理

144、層人員中非大陸籍高管占比低于的比例較高。管理層人員中非大陸籍高管占比低于25%的會員企業占比高達77%。在技術和研發行業，25%的會員企業占比高達77%。在技術和研發行業，非大陸籍管理層占比最低。在其他行業的企業中，非大陸籍管理層占比最低。在其他行業的企業中，非大陸籍人士擔任管理層的比例相對較高。非大陸籍人士擔任管理層的比例相對較高。AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report 62Women continue to hold a larger portion of top management positions in Con

145、sumer and Services sector companies在消費行業和服務行業中，女性高管人員繼續保持較高比例Figure 44.Percentage of female top(country)management 圖 44.女性高層管理人員比例%By percentage Women make up a minority of management positions in 69%of companies,yet this trend varies across sectors.In both the Consumer and Services sectors respec-t

146、ively,women hold more than 75%of management positions in 14%of companies,and represent a majority of management positions in nearly half.4623238Tech and R&D技術和研發行業Resources&Industrial資源和工業行業Consumer消費行業Services服務行業21432314154328143252142 23144231 1 75%50-75%25-50%0-25%有近七成的會員企業表示，女性在其管理層中有近七成的會員企業表示

147、，女性在其管理層中占比少于 50%，但各行業的情況并不一致。在占比少于 50%，但各行業的情況并不一致。在消費行業和服務行業中，14%的企業表示，女消費行業和服務行業中，14%的企業表示，女性高管占比超過 75%。性高管占比超過 75%。AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report 63While US-China tensions were the top HR concern for members in 2023,it has fallen to third place behind total labor costs a

148、nd rising salary and wage costs.It is notable that the top two concerns for 2024 are both re-lated to rising costs of labor which cut into firm profit margins,a concern that has been echoed consistently over the past five years.Labor costs and rising salaries/wages return as the top HR challenges fo

149、r members,while concerns over US-China tensions have eased since last year受訪企業預計 2024 年在人力資源方面面臨的主要挑戰包括：人力成本增加和薪資成本上漲；對美中關系的擔憂相較上一年度有所緩解Figure 45.Top three human resources challenges 圖 45.人力資源面臨的前三大挑戰 20202021202220232024Rising salary and wage costs 薪資成本上漲69%Total labor costs整體人力成本增加53%Total labor c

150、osts整體人力成本增加44%US-China tensions and geopolitical concerns美中關系緊張及 地緣政治顧慮43%Total labor costs整體人力成本增加41%Cost of social benefits社會福利成本47%Rising salary and wage costs 薪資成本上漲52%Rising salary and wage costs 薪資成本上漲42%Total labor costs整體人力成本增加37%Rising salary and wage costs 薪資成本上漲35%Difficulty terminating

151、employees難以裁退員工33%Developing digital talent and organizational capabilites發展數字化人才 及組織能力32%US-China tensions and geopolitical concerns美中關系緊張及 地緣政治顧慮28%Rising salary and wage expenses 薪資成本上漲31%US-China tensions and geopolitical concerns美中關系緊張及 地緣政治顧慮30%1232023 年，美中關系緊張是會員企業在人力資源方面最擔心的問題。2024 年，預計排在首位的

152、是整體人力成本增加，其次是薪資成本上漲、最后是美中關系緊張。2024 年排在前兩位的人力資源挑戰均為成本問題，與過去五年情況保持一致。AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report 64Around 80%of members believe labor costs will rise in 2024,with Resources&Industrial companies bracing for the most significant increases近八成會員企業預計 2024 年勞動成本將繼續增加，其中資源和工業行業的企業

153、勞動力成本增幅最大Figure 46.Expected change in the companys average labor costs per employee in 2024 vs.2023 圖 46.2024 年與 2023 年相比，貴公司預計的人均勞動力成本變化%By percentage While the vast majority of member companies expect labor costs to rise in 2024,these costs are anticipated to rise less than was expected in 2023.R&

154、I companies expect the largest increase in labor costs,while Services companies expect the smallest rise in labor costs.20%higher上升幅度超過20%10-20%higher上升 10-20%5-10%higher上升 5-10%5%higher上升 10%增加 10%Decrease 10%減少 10%Increase 5-10%增加 5-10%Decrease 5-10%減少 5-10%Increase 5%增加 5%Decrease 5%減少 20%)顯著增加（2

155、0%）Higher(5 to 20%)增加（5-20%）About the same(+/-5%)持平（5%）Lower(5 to 20%)降低（5-20%）Significantly lower(20%)顯著降低（20%）62057132022202352160863 3AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report 68Recruiting talent,employee retention,developing employees are the top HR priorities for 2024會員企業 2024 年人力

156、資源的首要任務是人才的聘用、留任和職業發展Figure 50.Top Five human resource priorities for 2024 in China 圖 50.2024 年貴公司在華人力資源前五位首要任務%By percentage 受訪企業表示其人力資源的首要任務是員工招聘、入職、職業發展和留任。2024 年，將上述事項列為首要任務的企業比例與 2023 年大致持平；近三分之一的企業強調營造多元化、包容性工作環境的重要性，較 2023 年上升了 7個百分點。Member companies report that the top priorities for their h

157、uman resources department are employee acquisition,em-ployee onboarding,employee development,and employee re-tention.The share of firms reporting these priorities are about the same in 2024 as they were a year earlier.About one-third of firms in 2024 emphasize the importance of creating a diverse an

158、d inclusive work environment,up 7pp from 2023.2024 2023Developing employees 員工職業發展Finding/hiring/on-boarding the right talent合適人才的尋找、招聘和入職Managing employee engagement and retaining employees確保員工的積極性和控制流失率Restructuring to meet business needs變革組織架構以適應業務需求Fostering a diverse and inclusive work environm

159、ent營造多元化和包容性的工作環境40413941394233262620AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report 69近九成會員企業仍表示創新和研發對其中國業務的增長至關重要，這一趨勢與過去四年保持一致。86%of members report that innovation and R&D are important to their business growth in China 86%的會員表示創新和研發對公司在華發展至關重要4.3 Innovation and Intellectual Property Righ

160、ts創新和知識產權Figure 51.Importance of innovation/R&D to future growth in China 圖 51.創新/研發對貴公司未來在華發展的重要性%By percentage Innovation and R&D are still seen as an important factor to business growth in China by almost nine out of 10 members.This trend is consistent across the last four years.18264413182242181

161、6254415202343142020202120222023 Top priority首要重點 Top three priority前三大重點 Important重要 Not at all important完全不重要AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report 70會員企業表示，對美中技術脫鉤的擔憂、愈發嚴格的限制性網絡安全政策以及與數據隱私相關的政策，是其在中國開展創新時面臨的前三大障礙；企業對知識產權保護力度不足的擔憂有所改善，比 2023 年下降了4 個百分點。Members cite potential bilate

162、ral tech decoupling,increased restrictive cybersecurity policies,and increased data privacy-re-lated policies as the top three barriers to increasing innovation in China.Concerns over IP protection has decreased,with a 4pp improvement compared to the previous year.Figure 52.Top Five barriers to incr

163、easing innovation in China 圖 52.阻礙創新的前五大障礙%By percentage The top two barriers to innovation are the same as last year:technology decoupling concerns and restrictive cybersecurity policies會員企業在創新方面面臨的兩大障礙：對美中技術脫鉤的擔憂和愈發嚴格的網絡安全政策Increased restrictiveness of data privacy-related policies 與數據隱私相關的政策限制增加C

164、oncerns around potential US-China tech decoupling對美中技術脫鉤的擔憂Increased restrictiveness of cybersecurity policies 愈發嚴格的網絡安全相關政策Insufficient talent人才不足Lack of sufficient Intellectual Property(IP)protection知識產權保護力度不足26272219191716201612 2024 2023AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report 71A

165、 significant number of Tech sector members reported being extremely negatively impacted by Cybersecurity Law-related issues(1/3)大量技術和研發行業的會員表示，網絡安全法相關問題對其造成非常消極的影響（1/3）%By percentage Figure 53.To what degree do the following Cybersecurity Law-related issues negatively affect your companys competitiv

166、eness and operations in China？圖 53.以下網絡安全法相關問題對貴公司在華競爭力和運營有多大不利影響?網絡安全法相關問題繼續對會員企業造成負面影響，特別是與數據本地化相關的要求。保護關鍵信息基礎設施和重要數據的網絡安全規則對技術和研發行業造成顯著負面影響。2022 年 25%的企業表示這些法律法規為其來了一定的負面影響，這一比例在 2023 年上升至 49%，幾乎翻了一番。Issues related to Cybersecurity Laws continue to have an adverse effect across all sectors,especi

167、ally data localization related requirements.The Tech and R&D sector is confronting a considerable negative impact due to regu-lations concerning the protection of critical information infrastructure and important data.While last year only 25%reported a somewhat negative impact from these laws,this y

168、ear the percentage has climbed to 49%,nearly doubling.Not at all沒有影響 Somewhat稍有影響Extremely影響極大Data localization requirements數據本地化要求165133125335354223314821394714444413453916304525Consumer消費行業Resources&Industrial資源和工業行業Services服務行業Tech and R&D技術和研發行業20222023202220232022202320222023Cybersecurity rules

169、 on protection of critical information infrastructure and important data保護關鍵信息基礎設施和重要數據的網絡安全規則552520274923513910354916504549419365113374121Consumer消費行業Resources&Industrial資源和工業行業Services服務行業Tech and R&D技術和研發行業202220232022202320222023202220235 5AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report

170、72A significant number of Tech sector members reported being extremely negatively impacted by Cybersecurity Law-related issues(2/3)大量技術和研發行業的會員表示，網絡安全法相關問題對其造成非常消極的影響（2/3）Figure 54.To what degree do the following Cybersecurity Law-related issues negatively affect your companys competitiveness and op

171、erations in China？圖 54.以下網絡安全法相關問題對貴公司在華競爭力和運營有多大不利影響?%By percentage 64%of the Tech and R&D firms as well as 59%of R&I firms feel they have been nega-tively impacted by the third-party reviews that caused data security/IP leakage issues.This propotion has increased by 20pp and 4pp respectively.Furth

172、ermore,in compari-son to 2022,61%of the the Tech and R&D firms have been negatively impacted by re-strictions on hardware and software procurement and other secure and controllable policies(up 11pp).在技術和研發行業與資源和工業行業中，分別有 64%和 59%的企業認為，由第三方審查導致的數據安全和知識產權泄露問題對其造成負面影響。這一比例較 2022 年分別增加了 20 個百分點和 4 個百分點。

173、此外，相比 2022 年，61%的技術和研發企業因硬件和軟件采購限制及其他安全可控政策而受到負面影響，這一比例增加了 11 個百分點。Data security/IP leakage as a result of third party reviews因為第三方審查導致的數據安全/知識產權泄露問題Restrictions on hardware and software procurement and other secure and controllable policies對硬件軟件的采購限制，及其他安全可控政策 Not at all沒有影響 Somewhat稍有影響 Extremely影

174、響極大562717364915454312414811415185140938501245411551311939412046468464410395475638734587513811Consumer消費行業Resources&Industrial資源和工業行業Services服務行業Tech and R&D技術和研發行業202220232022202320222023Consumer消費行業Resources&Industrial資源和工業行業Services服務行業Tech and R&D技術和研發行業2022202320222023202220232022202320222023AmC

175、ham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report 73Compliance concerns due to vague implementation regulations法規實施不明確引發對合規的擔憂Data privacy regulations數據隱私法規Figure 55.To what degree do the following Cybersecurity Law-related issues negatively affect your companys competitiveness and operations in

176、China？圖 55.以下網絡安全法相關問題對貴公司在華競爭力和運營有多大不利影響?%By percentage A significant number of Tech sector members reported being extremely negatively impacted by Cybersecurity Law-related issues(3/3)大量技術和研發行業的會員表示，網絡安全法相關問題對其造成非常消極的影響（3/3）There has been a notable rise in the number of members in the Tech and R&D

177、 and R&I sectors who report that compliance issues,stemming from unclear implementation regulations,have had a negative effect on their business.The negative sentiment regarding this issue in the Tech and R&D sector has increased 47pp compared to last year.All sectors note a rise in adverse impacts

178、associated with data privacy regulations.Tech and R&D and R&I sectors have seen 32pp and 23pp increase respectively in negative sentiment concerning data privacy regulations.Not at all沒有影響 Somewhat稍有影響 Extremely影響極大在技術和研發行業中，認為法規實施不明確造成的合規問題對其業務產生了負面影響的會員企業比例較上一年度增加了47 個百分點。在所有行業中，認為數據隱私法規對其造成負面影響的企

179、業比例均有所增加。在技術和研發與資源和工業行業，這一比例分別增加了 32 個百分點和 23 個百分點。621325166124523315265321533512384616394219334126562222245720533215424810444313295219523810295714Consumer消費行業Resources&Industrial資源和工業行業Services服務行業Tech and R&D技術和研發行業20222023202220232022202320222023Consumer消費行業Resources&Industrial資源和工業行業Services服務行業

180、Tech and R&D技術和研發行業20222023202220232022202320222023AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report 74Figure 56.IP leakage and IT/data security threats in China 圖 56.在華運營面臨的知識產權泄露和信息技術/數據安全風險%By percentage Over one-third of members report that the risks of IP leakage and data security are gre

181、ater in China.The trend is consistent across the last four years.Risks are smaller in China在中國風險更低 Comparable基本持平 Risks are greater in China在中國風險更高More than one-third of members report that IP leakage and data security risks are greater in China,holding steady after a few years of declining sentimen

182、t 超過三分之一的會員企業表示，在中國面臨更高的知識產權泄露或數據安全風險59375514459385603575736202020192021202220234 44 4超過三分之一的會員表示，在中國面臨更高的知識產權泄露或數據安全風險。與過去四年數據基本持平。AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report 7535%of respondents recognize Chinas improved IPR enforcement efforts over the last year,although a trend of dec

183、lining sentiment(down 12pp from 2020)continues 35%的受訪企業對過去一年中國在知識產權執法工作方面取得的進展表示認可，但仍未回到 2020 年水平35%of the respondents acknowledge the improvements in Chinas efforts to enforce IPR over the past year.However,there is an ongoing trend of declining sentiment,with a decrease of 12pp from 2020 levels.Th

184、ere has also been a 2pp increase in the number of respondents who believe that IPR enforcement is deteriorating compared to last year.Figure 57.In the last year,Chinas enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights(IPR)has:圖 57.在過去一年中，中國在知識產權法律法規執行方面：%By percentage Improved改善 Stayed the same保持不變 Deteri

185、orated惡化 Unsure不確定47282544312236332935332820202021202220234 42 23 31 135%的受訪企業對過去一年中國在加強知識產權保護方面所做的努力表示認可，但與 2020 年相比，這一比例仍下降了 12 個百分點。此外，相較于 2022 年，認為知識產權保護執法力度有所減弱的受訪企業比例增加了 2 個百分點。AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report 7624%的企業認為知識產權保護不足是投資中國的障礙，這一比例與 2022 年持平。在技術和研發行業，對此表示擔憂的企業比

186、例達到 36%。The proportion of companies indicating that insufficient IP protections are a barrier to investment in China remains unchanged as 2022 at 24%,with this concern notably higher among Tech and R&D companies at 36%.Figure 58.Do concerns of inadequate intellectual property protection limit your c

187、ompanys investment in China?圖 58.對知識產權保護不足的擔憂是否限制了貴公司在中國的投資？%By percentage Yes是 Unsure不確定 No否The percentage of member companies reporting that inadequate IP protections limit investment in China remains the same at 24%,rising to 36%for Tech companies24%的會員企業認為，知識產權保護不足會限制其在華投資；此比例在技術和研發行業高達 36%20232

188、022243640243641Tech and R&D技術和研發行業Resources&Industrial資源和工業行業Consumer消費行業Services服務行業323236313633424414434314AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report 77知識產權執法和保護不足仍然是該領域的主要挑戰。此外，在 2023 年，對技術轉讓和許可限制的擔憂有所上升，分別增加了 9 個百分點和 11 個百分點。Prosecution of IP infringements and insufficient IP protec

189、tion remain the top two IP challenges;technology transfer and licensing constraints rose as concerns in 2023 會員企業在知識產權方面面臨的主要挑戰包括：法律法規保護不足、難以通過法律手段進行知識產權維權；技術轉讓和許可限制在 2023 年成為新挑戰Figure 59.Most important IP challenge 圖 59.貴公司面臨的最重大的知識產權挑戰%By percentage The enforcement of intellectual property infring

190、ements and inadequate IP protection continue to be the primary challenges in the realm of IP.Additionally,in 2023,there has been a rise in concerns related to technology transfer(9pp)and licensing con-straints(11pp).2023 2022Difficulty prosecuting IP infringements in court or via administrative meas

191、ures難以在法庭上或通過行政手段起訴侵犯知識產權的行為Insufficient protection offered by the text of IP-related laws and regulations相關法律和法規對知識產權提供的保護不足Licensing constraints許可限制IP theft by employees員工竊取知識產權Cybertheft網絡竊取Other其他Expectations of technology transfer arrangements with business partners需向商業伙伴進行技術轉讓的預期27176312328291

192、2947121 1AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report 78Figure 60.How much technology and proprietary knowledge does your company share with its business partners and clients in China compared with those in other overseas jurisdictions outside your home country?圖 60.貴公司在中國與商業伙伴和客戶分享的技術和專利

193、知識的數量，與您所在國之外的其他海外司法管轄區相比如何？%By percentage Much more多很多 Somewhat more多一些 No difference沒有區別 Somewhat less少一些 Much less少很多 We do not share technology and proprietary knowledge with business partners and clients in China我司不與中國的商業伙伴及客戶分享技術和專業知識There are more members sharing and more members not sharing

194、technology and IP with local business partners this year,with less sharing overall happening in the Services sector 與 2022 年相比，會員企業與在華商業伙伴分享技術和專利的態度趨于兩極化；服務行業的會員企業更少與在華商業伙伴分享技術 和專利Member companies sharing of technologies and patents with Chinese business partners is more polarized compared to last y

195、ear,which includes a 3pp increase in those who would like to share much more and 2pp rise in those who would prefer not to share.Specifically,companies in the Services industry are showing a prefer-ence to share no patented technologies.2023202275266441372465382 2Tech and R&D技術和研發行業Resources&Industr

196、ial資源和工業行業Consumer消費行業Services服務行業1411114968219194083 3221050963 343113264 44 4與 2022 年相比，會員公司在與中國伙伴共享技術和專利上的態度趨于兩極化，愿意大量分享技術和專利的企業比例增加了 3 個百分點，而不與中國商業伙伴共享技術和專利的企業比例增加了 2 個百分點。服務行業的企業更傾向于不共享技術和專利。AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report 7960%of members share patented technologies with

197、 business partners and clients in China mainly driven by commercial interests,a proportion that remains consistent with last year.The proportion of companies sharing patents due to joint venture require-ments has decreased(5pp),while the influence of unofficial pressure from business regulatory auth

198、orities has increased(3pp).Figure 61.Your companys technology or proprietary knowledge was shared 圖 61.貴公司分享技術和專利知識的原因是%By percentage As a voluntary business decision in our companys best interest作為最符合公司利益的自愿商業行為 To(implicitly/explicitly)improve market access prospects為了（潛在或明確地）增強市場準入的前景 As required

199、 by joint venture regulations出于對合資企業的要求 Due to informal pressure from business authorities來自業務主管機關非正式的壓力 Other其他Voluntary sharing of technology and IP is mainly driven by business decision in companys best interest,while sharing due to Joint Venture requirements was replaced by informal pressure 會員企

200、業自愿分享技術和專利主要出于公司商業利益的考量；非正式壓力對技術和專利分享的影響有所增加6021156022106202320223 33 31 1Tech and R&D技術和研發行業Resources&Industrial資源和工業行業Consumer消費行業Services服務行業61126539276213196296615654 42 22 24 460%的會員認為與在華商業伙伴和客戶分享技術和專利符合公司利益，此比例與 2022 年持平。應合資企業要求而分享技術和專利的企業比例有所減少。來自業務主管部門的非正式壓力有所上升。US-China Relations美中關系5.AmCha

201、m Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report 81PrefaceNearly all respondents consider US-China relations vital to their businesses,especially in the Tech and R&D sector(Figure 62).Around 30%expect US-China relations to improve in 2024,indicating a notably higher level of optimism than in 2023(

202、Figure 63).Members also hope to see further opening of Chinas market to foreign companies and adjustments to localization and cross-border data policies following upcoming bilateral trade talks(Figure 65).Additionally,members urge the US government to avoid aggressive rhetoric,focus on high-level me

203、etings,and engage in consistent,results-driven dialogue,while encouraging the Chinese government to treat US businesses fairly,steer clear of confrontational language,and actively interact with the foreign business community in China(Figure 67).前 言 絕大多數受訪企業認為，美中關系是其發展在華業務的關鍵因素，技術和研發行業尤為明顯（圖 62）。近 30

204、%的受訪企業預計 2024 年美中關系將有所改善，對雙邊關系的樂觀程度明顯高于 2023 年（圖 63）。在未來的雙邊貿易談判中，會員企業希望推動中國進一步向外資企業開放市場、改善本地化與數據跨境政策（圖 65）。會員企業期待美國政府避免使用激烈的言辭，聚焦美中高層會晤，并推進以結果為導向的雙邊政府對話框架（圖 66）；期待中國政府給予在華美國企業更加公平的待遇，避免使用對抗性的言辭，并積極與外國商界交流（圖 67）。AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report 82Figure 62.Importance of positiv

205、e bilateral relations between the US and China to your companys business growth in China 圖 62.良好的美中雙邊關系對貴公司在華業務增長的重要性 絕大多數會員企業認為，美中關系對其在華業務增長意義重大。82%的受訪企業認為美中關系“極其重要”或“非常重要”。Almost all members believe that US-China relations play a critical role in the growth of their businesses.A notable 82%of them

206、 consider bilateral relations to be either very important or extremely important.Almost all of the respondents think US-China relations are important to their businesses絕大多數受訪企業認為，美中關系是其發展在華業務的關鍵因素%By percentage Extremely important極其重要 Not important不重要 Not at all important完全不重要 very important非常重要 So

207、mewhat important比較重要202320225229155428173 31 11 111Tech and R&D技術和研發行業Resources&Industrial資源和工業行業Consumer消費行業Services服務行業1456291451332 22454191 11 11553311 1AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report 8330%of respondents expect US-China relations to improve in 2024,significantly more tha

208、n in 202330%的受訪企業認為 2024 年美中關系將會有所改善，對雙邊關系持積極態度的企業比例較 2023 年顯著提高Figure 63.2024 outlook on bilateral relations between the US and China 圖 63.2024 年美中雙邊關系展望%By percentage 2021 年，有 45%的受訪企業曾預期拜登當選美國總統將改善美中關系，但未能如愿。2022 年，對美中關系表示樂觀的企業比例降至 27%，2023 年這一比例更是一度降至 13%。2023 年 11 月 APEC 峰會兩國元首會晤后，預計美中關系將有所改善的企

209、業比例提升至30%。In 2021,45%expected US-China relations to improve with Bidens election,however this hope was not realized.Optimism fell to 27%in 2022 and further to 13%by 2023.Nevertheless,following a positive bilateral meeting at the APEC summit in November 2023,outlook has brightened again,with 30%now a

210、nticipating improved bilateral rela-tions.4536192021134146202330462420242749242022 Will improve將會改善 Will stay about the same將會保持原狀 Will deteriorate將會惡化AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report 8430%of respondents say that US-China trade tensions are not impacting their business strateg

211、y,up 3pp from last year30%的會員企業表示，美中貿易爭端未影響其商業戰略Figure 64.Impact of US-China trade tensions on business strategy 圖 64.美中貿易爭端對貴公司商業戰略的影響%By percentage In 2023,30%of respondents report that US-China trade tensions are not affecting their business strategies,a 3pp increase from the previous year.Fewer

212、members are delaying or cancelling investment decisions in China(21%).Instead,more are focusing on localiz-ing production,services,and intellectual property in China to leverage local sales oppor-tunities(20%).Additionally,there is a decrease in those considering capacity relocation adjustments,such

213、 as sourcing components or pre-assembly outside of China(14%).2023 年，30%的受訪企業表示美中貿易爭端未影響其商業戰略，這一比例較 2022 年上升 3 個百分點。21%的企業計劃推遲或取消在華投資計劃，較 2022 年有所改善。20%的會員企業計劃專注于產品、服務和知識產權的本地化，以爭取更多市場機會。同時，僅有 14%的會員企業考慮對生產或采購進行調整，如在境外采購零部件或提前進行產品組裝。Localizing more production/services/IP in China to access local sal

214、es opportunities推動更多產品、服務或 IP 在中國本土化，以獲得本地銷售機會Delaying or canceling China investment decisions推遲或取消投資決策Shifting away from certain industry or customer segments in China與中國的某些行業或客戶群體逐漸脫離Decreasing China investments推遲或取消投資決策Adjusting supply chain by seeking to source components and/or assembly outside

215、 China調整供應鏈，在中國境外采購零部件和/或組裝Considering relocation of some or all manufacturing out of China考慮將部分或全部制造業遷出中國2129885744434745302720151418148811Other其它Considering exiting the China market 考慮退出中國市場Adjusting supply chain by seeking to source components and/or assembly outside the US調整供應鏈，在美國境外采購零部件和/或組裝In

216、creasing China investments增加在華投資Considering relocation of some or all manufacturing out of the US考慮將部分或全部制造業遷出美國No impact沒有影響Pursuing JV with Chinese entities that we would not normally consider to access local sales opportunities 尋求與我司通常不會考慮的中國實體建立合資企業，以獲得本地銷售機會Considering onshoring some manufactur

217、ing/operations to the US考慮將部分制造/運營業務移至美國2 2 2023 2022120 00 0AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report 85%By percentage 49%of members hope that future bilateral trade discussions will lead to a greater open-ing of Chinese markets to foreign companies(down 11 pp from last year).While 33

218、%would like trade discussions to address Chinas data policies,with a particular focus on strict data localization requirements and restrictions on cross-border data transfers.This represents a substantial 24pp increase compared to last year.49%的會員企業希望在未來的雙邊貿易談判中推動中國進一步向外資企業開放市場、這一比例較2022年下降了11個百分點。3

219、3%的企業期待在雙邊貿易對話推動中國在改善數據政策方面取得進展，特別是在數據本土化和跨境傳輸限制領域，這一比例較 2022 年增加了 24 個百分點。Chinas data policies including strict data localization requirements and restrictions on cross-border data transfers中國的數據政策，包括嚴格的數據本地化要求和跨境數據傳輸限制The development and application of technical standards and standards-setting pro

220、cedures in China中國技術標準的制定和應用及標準制定程序Further opening of the Chinese market to foreign companies進一步向外資開放中國市場Provision of a fair and transparent tariff exclusion process恢復公平透明的關稅豁免程序Continued effort to strengthen Intellectual Property protections持續加強知識產權保護Issues of bias in merger reviews 并購審查中的偏見問題China

221、s cybersecurity policies中國的網絡安全政策Chinas excess capacity in steel,cement,aluminum,and other industrial sectors中國鋼鐵、水泥、鋁和其他工業領域的產能過剩Restoration of regular visa processing services and/or provision of a channel for US and Chinese citizen employees holding valid work visas and their dependents to return

222、 to China and the US 恢復正常的簽證辦理服務和/或為持有有效工作簽證的美國和中國公民雇員及其家屬返回中國和美國提供渠道The subsidies and material support given to SOEs and other domestic firms stemming from Chinas industrial policies 中國產業政策給予國有企業和其他本國企業的補貼和物質支持Further reductions in tariff levels進一步降低關稅水平Other 其它4960124115974443339311624182372143146

223、Narrowing the scope of respective export controls縮小各自的出口管制范圍Further opening the Chinese market and data policy improvements are both areas where members hope progress can be made in bilateral trade talks會員企業希望在未來的雙邊貿易談判中推動中國進一步向外資企業開放市場、改善數據政策Figure 65.Desired areas for progress in future bilateral

224、trade talks 圖 65.未來雙邊貿易談判中希望取得進展的領域 2 20 0 2023 2022AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report 86Members hope the US government will refrain from engaging in aggressive rhetoric,prioritize high-level meetings,and pursue a result-oriented framework for regularized government-to-governmen

225、t dialogue 會員企業期待美國政府避免使用激烈的言辭，優先考慮美中高層會晤，并開展以結果為導向的、常態化的雙邊政府對話框架Figure 66.Top five actions members hope to see by the US government 圖 66.會員希望美國政府采取的前五大行動 2023Refrain from engaging in aggressive rhetoric and tit-for-tat actions避免使用激烈的言辭和 針鋒相對的行動47%Prioritize high-level/in-person/government-to-govern

226、ment meetings優先考慮美中高層個人/官方渠道會晤36%Pursue a results-oriented framework for regularized government-to-government communication開展以結果為導向的、常態化的政府間溝通機制33%Advocate more strongly for a level playing field for US business in China為在中國的美國企業爭取一個公平的競爭環境28%Reduce tariffs on Chinese goods降低對中國商品的關稅18%2022Refrain f

227、rom engaging in aggressive rhetoric and tit-for-tat actions避免使用激烈的言辭和 針鋒相對的行動41%Pursue a results-oriented framework for regularized government-to-government communication開展以結果為導向的、常態化的政府間溝通機制35%Advocate more strongly for a level playing field for US business in China為在中國的美國企業爭取一個公平的競爭環境30%Provide a

228、channel for non-US citizen employees holding valid work visas to return to the US為持有有效工作簽證的非美國公民雇員提供返回美國的渠道29%Restore regular visa processing services/provide a channel for non-US citizen employees to return to the US恢復對美國和中國公民的正常簽證服務27%2021Refrain from engaging in aggressive rhetoric and tit-for-ta

229、t actions避免使用激烈的言辭和 針鋒相對的行動41%Pursue a results-oriented framework for regularized government-to-government communication開展以結果為導向的、常態化的政府間溝通機制29%Restore regular visa processing services/provide a channel for non-US citizen employees to return to the US恢復對美國和中國公民的正常簽證服務28%Advocate more strongly for a

230、level playing field for US business in China為在中國的美國企業爭取一個公平的競爭環境27%Prioritize an in-person meeting between President Biden and President Xi 優先考慮拜登總統和習主席的線下會晤23%12345AmCham Chinas 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report 87Members hope the Chinese government can ensure a level playing field for US b

231、usiness,dial down aggressive rhetoric,and engage with the foreign business community 會員企業期待中國政府給予在華美國企業公平的競爭環境，避免使用激進的言辭，并積極與外國商界交流Figure 67.Top five actions members hope to see by the Chinese government 圖 67.會員希望中國政府采取的前五大行動 2023Ensure a level playing field for US businesses in China確保美國企業在中國的公平競爭環

232、境27%Refrain from engaging in aggressive rhetoric and tit-for-tat actions避免使用激進的言辭和采取針鋒相對的行動25%Proactively engage with the foreign business community積極與外國商界交流22%Ensure consistency between central,provincial,and local-level policies確保中央、省級和地方三級政策的一致性21%Further open the market to foreign investment wit

233、h clear timelines進一步向外資開放市場，明確時間表20%2022Ease the COVID-19-related restrictions(newly added)進一步放寬疫情防控措施相關政策（新增選項）54%Refrain from engaging in aggressive rhetoric and tit-for-tat actions避免使用激進的言辭和采取針鋒相對的行動21%Ensure a level playing field for US businesses in China確保美國企業在中國的公平競爭環境20%Simplify expat visa a

234、nd work permit processes簡化外籍人士簽證和工作許可流程18%Restore regular visa processing services/provide a channel for US citizen employees and their dependents to return to China恢復對美國籍雇員及其家屬的正常簽證服務17%2021Ensure a level playing field for US businesses in China確保美國企業在中國的公平競爭環境24%Restore regular visa processing ser

235、vices/provide a channel for US citizen employees and their dependents to return to China恢復對美國籍雇員及其家屬的正常簽證服務22%Accelerate resumption of international flight services/approvals加快恢復國際航班服務/審批21%Refrain from engaging in aggressive rhetoric and tit-for-tat actions避免使用激進的言辭和采取針鋒相對的行動20%Further open the mar

236、ket to foreign investment with clear timelines進一步向外資開放市場，明確時間表19%12345AmCham China would like to thank all survey participants and business executives who provided their input for this report.Contributors:Claire Ma,Weijia Zhang,Mia Wang,Serena Teng,Yuning Xu,Elliott Johnson,Sihan Qu Mark Dreyer,Norr

237、is TangenDesigners:Jin Peng,Zhang HuiSurvey partners:Thomas Leung,Jeff Yuan,Tiger Shan,Ken Zhong,Chris Xia,Andy Li,Jason Li,Jenny Wang,Sharon Song,Chenzhu Wang AcknowledgementsAbout AmCham ChinaThe American Chamber of Commerce in the Peoples Republic of China(AmCham China)is a non-profit,non-governm

238、ental organization whose membership comprises tens of thousands of individuals from nearly 1,000 companies operating across China.The Chambers nationwide mission is to help American companies succeed in China through advocacy,networking,insights,and business support services.AmCham China is official

239、ly registered as a foreign chamber of commerce in China and is licensed by Chinas government to represent American business in mainland China.In addition to our headquarters in Beijing,AmCham China serves Tianjin,Central China,Southwest China,and Northeast China through our Chapters in Chengdu,Dalia

240、n,Shenyang,Tianjin,and Wuhan.Across the six offices,AmCham China has more than 30 working groups,and holds more than 150 events each year.For more information,visit:www.amchamchina.org關于中國美國商會中國美國商會（以下簡稱商會）是一家非盈利、非政府組織。目前商會會員遍布各行各業，代表著在華從事經營活動的近一千家外資企業。商會的使命是通過政策建言、信息共享、人脈擴展以及專業服務等方式幫助美國企業在中國取得成功。中國

241、美國商會是獲得中國政府官方認證、代表美國企業在華的商會。除北京總部外，商會分別在成都,大連,沈陽,天津,和武漢設有 5 個分支辦公室，業務遍及中國華北、東北、華中、西南地區。商會旗下設有 30 余個工作組，每年舉辦逾 150 場會員活動。有關更多信息，請訪問：www.amchamchina.orgUS-CHINABUSINESSTHE NEXT HUNDRED YEARSThe American Chamber of Commerce in the Peoples Republic of China中國美國商會 Floor 3,East Gate 1,Pacific Century Place

242、,2A Workers Stadium North Road,Chaoyang District,Beijing,100027,the Peoples Republic of ChinaTel:(8610)8519-0800 Fax:(8610)8519-0899Website:www.amchamchina.orgHeadquartered in Beijing with chapters in Tianjin,Central China(Wuhan),Northeast China(Dalian,Shenyang)，Southwest China(Chengdu)北京市朝陽區工體北路甲 2

243、 號，盈科中心東 1 門 3 層郵政編碼：100027電話：(8610)8519-0800傳真：(8610)8519-0899網址：www.amchamchina.org中國美國商會總部設于北京，在天津、華中（武漢）、東北（大連，沈陽）、西南（成都）設有區域辦公室2024 by the American Chamber of Commerce in the Peoples Republic of China(AmCham China),all rights reserved.This report may not be reproduced either in part or in full without the prior written consent of AmCham China.中國美國商會擁有本報告的版權，并保留其他一切權利。未經中國美國商會書面授權，不得對本報告或本報告中的部分章節進行復制。US-CHINABUSINESSTHE NEXT HUNDRED YEARSRelease 02012024Release 02012024