2020年通過旅游業改善就業和經濟狀況：呼吁采取行動減輕COVID-19的經濟影響及回加速經濟恢復 - 世界旅游組織（英文版）（42頁）.pdf

1、SUPPORTING JOBS AND ECONOMIES THROUGH TRAVEL provide stimulus for recovery and guide the long-term development and resilience of the sector. Given the varied impact of COVID-19, as well as the different realities and regulatory frameworks of both national governments and tourism authorities to take

2、action, it is appreciated that these recommendations are not applicable in all cases. Nevertheless, they aim to guide policy action to mitigate the impact of the crisis and accelerate recovery through tourism. The following recommendations are divided into three groups, but should ideally be approac

3、hed simultaneously and through cooperation between all stakeholders in the ecosystem: 1. Incentivize job retention, sustain the self-employed and protect the most vulnerable groups 2. Support companies liquidity 3. Review taxes, charges, levies and regulations impacting transport and tourism 4. Ensu

4、re consumer protection and confidence 5. Promote skills development, especially digital skills 6. Include tourism in national, regional and global economic emergency packages 7. Create crisis management mechanisms and strategies World Tourism Organization https:/www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/978

5、9284421633 - Sunday, October 25, 2020 10:19:56 PM - IP Address:40.65.176.200 World Tourism Organization II. PROVIDING STIMULUS & ACCELERATING RECOVER 8. Provide financial stimulus for tourism investment and operations 9. Review taxes, charges and regulations impacting travel and tourism 10. Advance

6、travel facilitation 11. Promote new jobs and skills development, particularly digital ones 12. Mainstream environmental sustainability in stimulus and recovery packages 13. Understand the market and act quickly to restore confidence and stimulate demand 14. Boost marketing, events and meetings 15. I

7、nvest in partnerships 16. Mainstream tourism in national, regional and international recovery programmes and in Development Assistance World Tourism Organization https:/www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421633 - Sunday, October 25, 2020 10:19:56 PM - IP Address:40.65.176.200 World Tourism Org

8、anization III. PREPARING FOR TOMORROW 17. Diversify markets, products and services 18. Invest in market intelligence systems and digital transformation 19. Reinforce tourism governance at all levels 20. Prepare for crisis, build resilience and ensure tourism is part of national emergency mechanism a

9、nd systems 21. Invest in human capital and talent development 22. Place sustainable tourism firmly on the national agenda 23. Transition to the circular economy and embrace the SDGs World Tourism Organization https:/www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421633 - Sunday, October 25, 2020 10:19:56

10、PM - IP Address:40.65.176.200 RECOMMENDATIONS World Tourism OrganizationWorld Tourism Organization https:/www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421633 - Sunday, October 25, 2020 10:19:56 PM - IP Address:40.65.176.200 World Tourism Organization I. MANAGING THE CRISIS & MITIGATING THE IMPACT Millio

11、ns of livelihoods across the world are directly and indirectly dependent upon travel and tourism. As such, these measures are of the utmost urgency and should be implemented immediately, especially those related to providing timely, targeted, and temporary relief to the most affected people and firm

12、s for as long as the emergency lasts. UNWTO also emphasises the importance of supporting businesses economically and fiscally and of restoring confidence in the sector. Above all, support should be given to sustain jobs. Where this is not possible, every effort should be made to protect workers and

13、create new opportunities, particularly for vulnerable groups. World Tourism Organization https:/www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421633 - Sunday, October 25, 2020 10:19:56 PM - IP Address:40.65.176.200 World Tourism Organization 1. Incentivize job retention, support the self-employed and pro

14、tect the most vulnerable groups Provide special incentives and relief funds for companies that retain their workforce, including the exemption or reduction of social security and fiscal payments. Give wage subsidies to people and firms to help curb contagion. Expand and extend transfers of social be

15、nefits, especially for the most vulnerable. These can include payments of unemployment insurance benefits and allowances for jobseekers. Develop special support schemes for self-employed workers such as exemptions, delays or reduced social security and fiscal payments. Provide support for workers st

16、aying at home to care for children and the elderly and ensure easy administrative procedures for the beneficiaries. Promote incentives for companies providing training for individuals obliged to stop working. Create mechanisms for partial unemployment such as reduced working hours. Loosen rules on s

17、hort-term work compensation, making it easier for companies heavily affected by the current crisis to apply for aid to offset wages when they are forced to temporarily halt work. Promote effective dialogue between companies and workers unions in accordance with international labour standards. Recogn

18、ize and mitigate employment risks and the economic hardship that workers may be facing during and after the crisis. Introduce special protection measures to ensure that traditionally disadvantaged groups are not adversely affected, particularly women, youth and rural communities. I. MANAGING THE CRI

19、SIS & MITIGATING THE IMPACT World Tourism Organization https:/www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421633 - Sunday, October 25, 2020 10:19:56 PM - IP Address:40.65.176.200 World Tourism Organization 2. Support companies liquidity Allocate travel and tourism with specific funding lines within Eme

20、rgency Funds and Programmes to support the most affected companies so that they can avoid bankruptcy and restart operations after the emergency. This will help ensure supply returns to the market. Support companies liquidity through temporary exceptions and deferred social security and fiscal paymen

21、ts. Develop investment mechanisms that provide liquidity to the tourism industry especially to Micro, Small & Medium-sized Enterprises (MSMEs) and particularly in the short-term, for instance through working capital or fast and subsidized loans, etc. Implement temporary exceptions or reductions on c

22、ritical bills such as electricity, communications, rent, etc. Provide financial instruments to facilitate additional liquidity such as moratoria on loans repayments, loan guarantees or flexible credit loans for working capital. Provide small, well-targeted, non-refundable grants for small businesses

23、, the self- employed and entrepreneurs. Develop easy mechanisms to defer fiscal and social security payments without the need for complicated bureaucracy or penalties. Provide managerial support and mentoring to micro enterprises battling to navigate the crisis while also dealing with financial inst

24、itutions and administrations. I. MANAGING THE CRISIS & MITIGATING THE IMPACT World Tourism Organization https:/www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421633 - Sunday, October 25, 2020 10:19:56 PM - IP Address:40.65.176.200 World Tourism Organization 3. Review taxes, charges, levies and regulations

25、 impacting transport and tourism Review all taxes, charges and levies impacting on tourism, transport and related activities. Provide temporary suspension or reduction of travel and tourism taxes, charges and levies, including VAT and income taxes as well as of specific tourism and transport charges

26、 in a fair, non-discriminatory and transparent manner. Review regulations and consider flexible implementation of rules related to the operation of tourism and transport companies, such as airport slot allocation rules. This will help operators adjust or halt their operations, including by reducing

27、the necessary administrative formalities. I. MANAGING THE CRISIS & MITIGATING THE IMPACT World Tourism Organization https:/www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421633 - Sunday, October 25, 2020 10:19:56 PM - IP Address:40.65.176.200 World Tourism Organization 4. Ensure consumer protection and co

28、nfidence Work with the private sector to promote fair arrangements for consumers. These can include the rescheduling of cancelled holidays and flight tickets and ensuring consumer are fully protected. Where possible, alternative mechanisms for settling consumer disputes should be used so as to keep

29、lawsuits to a minimum. Consider providing vouchers for cancelled bookings valid until the end of 2020 in order to boost demand and support consumers. Explore ways to resolve the issues related to requested refunds of advance payments through credit cards. I. MANAGING THE CRISIS & MITIGATING THE IMPA

30、CT World Tourism Organization https:/www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421633 - Sunday, October 25, 2020 10:19:56 PM - IP Address:40.65.176.200 World Tourism Organization I. MANAGING THE CRISIS & MITIGATING THE IMPACT 5. Promote skills development, especially digital skills Support the unempl

31、oyed to develop new skills for the recovery phases. Useful skills can include the development of new products, marketing, market intelligence and digital skills in general. Develop free online training courses for those individuals most affected economically, such as those who become unemployed, sea

32、sonal workers, and those limited to reduced work hours, in partnership with universities and other educational and training institutions. Promote international organizations free content, such as the UNWTO Online Academy and support the development and marketing of courses in multiple languages. Coo

33、perate with digital partners to provide digital skills training for current and future tourism professionals and further promote existing digital learning opportunities. Create national challenges to encourage and award start-ups and entrepreneurs to propose innovative solutions to the crisis. Devel

34、op government-funded programmes of education and vocational training for the personnel of tourism enterprises that have been forced to close during the crisis. World Tourism Organization https:/www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421633 - Sunday, October 25, 2020 10:19:56 PM - IP Address:40.65.

35、176.200 World Tourism Organization I. MANAGING THE CRISIS & MITIGATING THE IMPACT 6. Include tourism in national, regional and global economic emergency packages Ensure tourism and transport are fully integrated in national, regional and global emergency, mitigation and support packages. Ensure nati

36、onal tourism administrations are included in the programmes stemming from international and regional organizations such as the World Bank, Regional Banks and the European Commission. This will ensure support for MSMEs, for tourism infrastructure and for other areas that impact on tourism. World Tour

37、ism Organization https:/www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421633 - Sunday, October 25, 2020 10:19:56 PM - IP Address:40.65.176.200 World Tourism Organization I. MANAGING THE CRISIS & MITIGATING THE IMPACT 7. Create crisis management mechanism and strategies Where not already in place, create

38、mechanisms at the global, regional and country levels to manage the current crisis engaging all relevant stakeholders. Unifying messages in support of consumer confidence and public perception. Develop a media and public influencer relations and engagement strategy. Develop crisis scenarios based on

39、 data and the current crisis dynamics. Elaborate a global crisis response strategy to support tourism preparedness for future mitigation and recovery needs. World Tourism Organization https:/www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421633 - Sunday, October 25, 2020 10:19:56 PM - IP Address:40.65.176

40、.200 World Tourism Organization II. PROVIDING STIMULUS & ACELARATING RECOVERY Due to the sudden, unprecedented fall in demand triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic, the travel and tourism sector will require financial stimulus to support recovery. Levels of required stimulus may vary across the whole o

41、f the tourism value chain. Without prejudice to fair competition, by ensuring transparency and where it is feasible, priority should be given to supporting businesses of all sizes, including through favourable tax policies and stimulus packages. This opportunity should also be taken to place tourism

42、 at the centre of national policies and ensure sustainability is an integral part of the sector as it recovers and grows again. World Tourism Organization https:/www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421633 - Sunday, October 25, 2020 10:19:56 PM - IP Address:40.65.176.200 World Tourism Organizati

43、on 8. Provide financial stimulus for tourism investment and operations Create special incentives to support MSMEs short-term business operations and recovery such as incentives for digital transformation, market access, training and hiring. Promote fast track scheduled investment in infrastructure a

44、nd consider offering extra incentives for foreign direct investment in tourism. Promote transport infrastructure e.g. expressways, high speed trains, airports, ports and air traffic management systems from a long-term horizon. This is often geared to meeting the needs of tourism, even if this is not

45、 explicitly stated. Develop investment mechanisms that incorporate incentives for brownfield projects such as depreciation deductions for hotels, subsidised local credits for remodelling, expansion or energy efficiency projects that improve competitiveness. Promote funds to incentivise the integrati

46、on and disruption of supply chain stakeholders, especially the strengthening of MSMEs and digital travel tech start-ups. Ensure that sustainability and accessibility principles are adhered to in all investments, notably in transport, accommodation, natural and cultural assets. This will further enha

47、nce the competitiveness of the sector. II. PROVIDING STIMULUS & ACELARATING RECOVERY World Tourism Organization https:/www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284421633 - Sunday, October 25, 2020 10:19:56 PM - IP Address:40.65.176.200 World Tourism Organization 9. Review taxes, charges and regulations

48、 impacting travel and tourism Evaluate all general and specific taxes, charges and regulations on tourism, transport and related industries within the context of economic recovery. Extend or create new temporary exemptions or reductions of corporate taxes, air transport taxes, VAT on accommodation a

49、nd restaurants, tourism taxes and other charges. In the post-emergency phases, where they still not in place, promote the liberalization of air transport to boost air capacity and connectivity for recovery (States may wish to take temporary measures to provide for flexibility in terms of market access rights). Review the use of air space and routes and support the enforcement of international regulations with the aim of speeding up the reduction o