1、What doctor?Why AI and robotics will define New HealthUpdated June 2017Click to launchNew Health We are entering a new era of health New HealthHealth matters.It matters to each of us as individuals and to society as a whole.It lies at the heart of our economic,political,social and environmental pros
2、perity and is one of the largest industries in the world.Modern health systems can treat and cure more diseases than ever before.New technology is bringing innovation to old treatments.Yet significant quality,access and cost issues remain and our health systems are becoming increasingly unsustainabl
3、e.What doctor?At the heart of this report is the emergence and increasing use of artificial intelligence(AI)and robotics within and throughout this New Health ecosystem.We chose What doctor as our title for the report because during our research and the response to that research it has become increa
4、singly clear that policy makers,payers,providers,educators and the public need to consider:What is the role of the AI/robot doctor?What is the role of the human doctor?The answers to these two questions fundamentally impact clinicians and caregivers throughout healthcare.The answers will ultimately
5、decide how we implement the use of AI and robots in developing our healthcare systems across the globe.We will specifically address these two questions in the next phase of our research initiative,but it is important to keep them in mind as we explore existing perceptions and attitudes towards AI an
6、d robotics in this report.IntroductionWould you allow a medical robot with artificial intelligence(AI)to examine,diagnose and prescribe a treatment plan for you or a member of your family with cancer?Would you accept a robot as your primary surgeon?And if you were to do so,what would the human clini
7、cian do?AI and robots have long been a theme in fiction.From Isaac Asimovs I,Robot in 1950 to Baymax,the care robot in Big Hero 6,weve long been fascinated with the possibilities for machines that can understand,reason and learn and help us to make better use ofinformation.Just imagine that you had
8、a hand-held scanner the size of your smartphone that could sense,compute and record your daily health status just like the Star Trek medical tricorder.What if it could make recommendations so that you could achieve and maintain your optimal physical or mental condition or detect anomalies early?Robo
9、ts like Baymax and tricorder scanners are not science fiction.AI and robots that support,diagnose and treat people are already in homes,workplaces and clinical environments all over the world.And how we embrace AI and robotics to complement and enhance current healthcare services over the next ten y
10、ears will define our ability to deliver a more responsive health service with improved health outcomes,while at the same time enabling people to take more control over their day-to-day health needs.ContinuedWhat doctor?Why AI and robotics will define New HealthIntroductionTransformingInvestmentFindi
11、ngsConclusionReferencesAboutContactsIntroduction3.Information technology development in healthcare has been rapidly moving from products to services to solutions(Frost&Sullivan,2016).Past decades have focused on the innovation provided by medical products delivering historic and evidence-based c
12、are.The present decade is one of medical platforms focused on real-time,outcome-based care.The next decade is moving towards medical solutions using AI,robotics,and virtual and augmented reality to deliver intelligent solutions for both evidence-and outcome-based health and focusing on collaborative
13、,preventative care.This confluence of technology-based products,platforms and solutions is leading to a previously unimagined precision medicine,down to the familial and individual level,which one day may even be able to predict and thereby prevent disease.Five distinct trends are converging,which m
14、ean AI and robotics will come to define New Health:1.First and foremost is the value challenge that all countries across the globe are facing there is escalating demand from long-term,chronic disease,rising costs,often with an ageing population and limited resources(money,workforce specialists,etc).
15、Yet we are continuing to invest in facilities and equipment that were built to solve a completely different set of healthcare needs and are not designed to cope with this demand.A hospital-centric system deals very well with serious health episodes that require days or weeks of acute care for very i
16、ll people.But it was never intended to deal with large numbers of people whose conditions are chronic,complex and require treatment for the longer term.2.The past decade has seen an explosion in the amount of health data that is now available to us.For example,for a skin specialist there are 11,000
17、new dermatology articles published every year.In 2013,it was estimated that the volume of health-related data had reached over four zettabytes thats four trillion gigabytes(1021)and there are those who project this exponential growth rate to reach ten times that by 2020,and,even beyond,to yottabyte(
18、1024)proportions1.Furthermore,fully 80%of this extraordinary amount of data is unstructured2,meaning that its not contained in a database or some other type of data structure.Staying current with and being able to access this data is simply beyond the scope of any human individual,no matter how capa
19、ble or intelligent.4.Technology has,of course,had an impact far beyond the developments in healthcare.The explosion of technology digitally enabled,wireless connectivity across increasingly mobile devices has created an increasing democratisation of access for healthcare.Some of the most powerful AI
20、 tools are already embedded in Android or iOS.Harnessing this technology is providing consumers with the data and information they need to proactively manage their own health and wellness,and to make better,more informed decisions in partnership with their healthcare providers.5.Finally,the willingn
21、ess of the general public to be more active participants in their own health and wellness has now reached critical mass.As we reported in our 2016 survey Care Anywhere,the explosion of technology and the increasing ubiquity of the Internet of Things(IoT)is bringing about breakthroughs that are erasi
22、ng healthcare boundaries and enabling care anywhere and everywhere3.And this willingness is extending into the areas of AI and robotics,which we explore in this report.Source:Frost&Sullivan,Transforming healthcare through artificial intelligence systems,2016Medical ProductsEquipment,Hardware,Con
23、sumablesDifferentiation is solely through product innovation.Focused on historic and evidence based-care.Differentiation by providing services to key stakeholders.Focused on real time outcome based-care.Differentiation via intelligent solutions for evidence/outcome based health.Focused on preventive
24、 care.Medical PlatformsWearable,Big Data,Health AnalyticsMedical SolutionsRobotics,AI,Augmented RealityLastdecadeCurrent decadeNext decade1 The Medical Futurist(2016).http:/ Healthcare Data Institute(2015).http:/ PwC(2016).Care Anywhere:Moving health and wellness out of the hospital and into the han
25、ds of the consumer.https:/ doctor?Why AI and robotics will define New HealthIntroductionTransformingInvestmentFindingsConclusionReferencesAboutContactsNo longer science fiction,AI and robotics are transforming healthcareMost of us are barely aware of it,but AI is already a part of our lives its in o
26、ur cars,telling us when its time for the engine to be serviced based on our driving patterns;its in our everyday Google searches and the suggestions from Amazon that follow us around on the web;its the chatbot on the end of the telephone in call service centres.AI is becoming ubiquitous and most of
27、us use it:Apples Siri processes two billion natural-language requests a week4,and 20%of requests on Android phones are made by voicealone5.AI is getting increasingly sophisticated at doing what humans do but more efficiently,more quickly and at a lower cost.The potential for both AI and robotics in
28、healthcare is vast.Just like in our everyday lives,AI androbotics are increasingly a part of our healthcare ecosystem.Throughout this section of the report,we highlight a range of products and existing or emerging technology in side-bars or boxes that weve found during our research for these eight a
29、reas.It is extraordinary,and hard to keep up with as new uses of AI and robotics are launched every week.Keeping wellOne of AIs biggest potential benefits is to help people stay healthy so they dont need a doctor,or at least not as often.The use of AI and the Internet of Medical Things(IoMT)in consu
30、mer health applications is already helping people to manage their own healthcare and to keep themselves well through healthier living.For example,the Smart belt welt has a built-in mechanism that alerts the person when they overeat.It relies on a magnetic sensor to track waste size and tension to de
31、termine when the users may have over eaten and alerts the wearer.Further,IBM has announced three new consumer-focused partnerships,one of which is with Under Armour who will use Watson to power a cognitive coachingsystem.These applications and others(see Box-Out)all encourage healthier behaviour in
32、individuals and help with the proactive management of a healthy lifestyle.It puts consumers in control of health and well-being.Additionally,AI increases the ability for healthcare professionals to better understand the day-to-day patterns and needs of the people they care for,and with that understa
33、nding they are able to provide better feedback,guidance and support for staying healthy although,as we have noted,the sheer volume of data is increasingly difficult for humans to deal with,or make sense of.Artificial Intelligence and Consumer Apps for keeping wellAI and RoboticsEarly DetectionDiagno
34、sisDecision MakingTreatmentKeeping WellResearchEnd of Life CareTraining 4 The Ringer(2016).How Siri Got Left Behind.https:/ The Economist(2017).How voice technology is transforming computing.http:/ What doctor?Why AI and robotics will define New HealthInvestmentFindingsConclusionReferencesAboutConta
35、ctsIntroductionTransformingKeeping wellTreatmentDiagnosis ResearchEarly detectionEnd of life careDecision-makingTrainingNo longer science fiction,AI and robotics are transforming healthcareMost of us are barely aware of it,but AI is already a part of our lives its in our cars,telling us when its tim
36、e for the engine to be serviced based on our driving patterns;its in our everyday Google searches and the suggestions from Amazon that follow us around on the web;its the chatbot on the end of the telephone in call service centres.AI is becoming ubiquitous and most of us use it:Apples Siri processes
37、 two billion natural-language requests a week4,and 20%of requests on Android phones are made by voicealone5.AI is getting increasingly sophisticated at doing what humans do but more efficiently,more quickly and at a lower cost.The potential for both AI and robotics in healthcare is vast.Just like in
38、 our everyday lives,AI androbotics are increasingly a part of our healthcare ecosystem.Throughout this section of the report,we highlight a range of products and existing or emerging technology in side-bars or boxes that weve found during our research for these eight areas.It is extraordinary,and ha
39、rd to keep up with as new uses of AI and robotics are launched every week.Keeping wellOne of AIs biggest potential benefits is to help people stay healthy so they dont need a doctor,or at least not as often.The use of AI and the Internet of Medical Things(IoMT)in consumer health applications is alre
40、ady helping people to manage their own healthcare and to keep themselves well through healthier living.For example,the Smart belt welt has a built-in mechanism that alerts the person when they overeat.It relies on a magnetic sensor to track waste size and tension to determine when the users may have
41、 over eaten and alerts the wearer.Further,IBM has announced three new consumer-focused partnerships,one of which is with Under Armour who will use Watson to power a cognitive coachingsystem.These applications and others(see Box-Out)all encourage healthier behaviour in individuals and help with the p
42、roactive management of a healthy lifestyle.It puts consumers in control of health and well-being.Additionally,AI increases the ability for healthcare professionals to better understand the day-to-day patterns and needs of the people they care for,and with that understanding they are able to provide
43、better feedback,guidance and support for staying healthy although,as we have noted,the sheer volume of data is increasingly difficult for humans to deal with,or make sense of.Artificial Intelligence and Consumer Apps for keeping wellAI and RoboticsEarly DetectionDiagnosisDecision MakingTreatmentKeep
44、ing WellResearchEnd of Life CareTraining 4 The Ringer(2016).How Siri Got Left Behind.https:/ The Economist(2017).How voice technology is transforming computing.http:/ What doctor?Why AI and robotics will define New HealthInvestmentFindingsConclusionReferencesAboutContactsIntroductionTransformingKeep
45、ing wellTreatmentDiagnosis ResearchEarly detectionEnd of life careDecision-makingTrainingSmart Performance Apparel offers real-time biometrics,personalised programming,and customised reporting to help athletes reach their goals faster.Samsung Electronics offers consumers devices such as smartwatches
46、 and activity trackers,as well as their Tizen open-source operating system,which gives users quick access to their mobile devices and help them track their fitness.Lumo Lift is a posture monitoring device that alerts the person when their posture changes,thus providing the feedback necessary to ensu
47、re correct posture whether sitting or standing.Under Armour will use IBMs Watson to power a cognitive coaching system in an application that provides customised advice for sleep,fitness,activity and nutrition.The insights originate from three sources:crunching data from Under Armours 200 million-mem
48、ber Connected Fitness community,external academic research studies and institutions,and IBM Watson similarity analytics.Under Armour will be adding new capabilities including behavioural and performance management,food intake tracking and overall nutrition management as well as the effects of weathe
49、r and environment ontraining.Pathway Genomics is developing an application that will provide customised health advice based on a users specific genetic makeup.Artificial Intelligence and Consumer Apps for keeping wellEarly detection AI is already being used to detect diseases,such as cancer,more acc
50、urately and in their early stages.For example,according to the American Cancer Society,12.1 million mammograms are performed annually in the US,but a high proportion of these mammograms yield false results,leading to 1 in 2 healthy women being told they have cancer.The use of AI is enabling review a
51、nd translation of mammograms 30 times faster with 99%accuracy,reducing the need for unnecessary biopsies as well as reducing the uncertainty and stress of a misdiagnosis6.The proliferation of consumer wearables and other medical devices combined with AI is also being applied to oversee early-stage h
52、eart disease,enabling doctors and other caregivers to better monitor and detect potentially life-threatening episodes at earlier,more treatable stages.On the horizon,Microsoft is developing computers programmed for use at a molecular level to start fighting cancerous cells as soon as they are detect
53、ed.They are also doing research for using AI to interpret online search engine behaviour,for example,at the point where someone might research symptoms online long before they approach their physician.AI and Wearables for early detectionNo longer science fiction,AI and robotics are transforming heal
54、thcareMost of us are barely aware of it,but AI is already a part of our lives its in our cars,telling us when its time for the engine to be serviced based on our driving patterns;its in our everyday Google searches and the suggestions from Amazon that follow us around on the web;its the chatbot on t
55、he end of the telephone in call service centres.AI is becoming ubiquitous and most of us use it:Apples Siri processes two billion natural-language requests a week4,and 20%of requests on Android phones are made by voicealone5.AI is getting increasingly sophisticated at doing what humans do but more e
56、fficiently,more quickly and at a lower cost.The potential for both AI and robotics in healthcare is vast.Just like in our everyday lives,AI androbotics are increasingly a part of our healthcare ecosystem.Throughout this section of the report,we highlight a range of products and existing or emerging
57、technology in side-bars or boxes that weve found during our research for these eight areas.It is extraordinary,and hard to keep up with as new uses of AI and robotics are launched every week.AI and RoboticsEarly DetectionDiagnosisDecision MakingTreatmentKeeping WellResearchEnd of Life CareTraining 4
58、 The Ringer(2016).How Siri Got Left Behind.https:/ The Economist(2017).How voice technology is transforming computing.http:/ 6Wired(2016).http:/www.wired.co.uk/article/cancer-risk-ai-mammogramsWhat doctor?Why AI and robotics will define New HealthInvestmentFindingsConclusionReferencesAboutContactsIn
59、troductionTransformingTreatmentDiagnosis ResearchEnd of life careDecision-makingTrainingKeeping wellEarly DetectionEarly detection AI is already being used to detect diseases,such as cancer,more accurately and in their early stages.For example,according to the American Cancer Society,12.1 million ma
60、mmograms are performed annually in the US,but a high proportion of these mammograms yield false results,leading to 1 in 2 healthy women being told they have cancer.The use of AI is enabling review and translation of mammograms 30 times faster with 99%accuracy,reducing the need for unnecessary biopsi
61、es as well as reducing the uncertainty and stress of a misdiagnosis6.The proliferation of consumer wearables and other medical devices combined with AI is also being applied to oversee early-stage heart disease,enabling doctors and other caregivers to better monitor and detect potentially life-threa
62、tening episodes at earlier,more treatable stages.On the horizon,Microsoft is developing computers programmed for use at a molecular level to start fighting cancerous cells as soon as they are detected.They are also doing research for using AI to interpret online search engine behaviour,for example,a
63、t the point where someone might research symptoms online long before they approach their physician.AI and Wearables for early detectionNo longer science fiction,AI and robotics are transforming healthcareMost of us are barely aware of it,but AI is already a part of our lives its in our cars,telling
64、us when its time for the engine to be serviced based on our driving patterns;its in our everyday Google searches and the suggestions from Amazon that follow us around on the web;its the chatbot on the end of the telephone in call service centres.AI is becoming ubiquitous and most of us use it:Apples
65、 Siri processes two billion natural-language requests a week4,and 20%of requests on Android phones are made by voicealone5.AI is getting increasingly sophisticated at doing what humans do but more efficiently,more quickly and at a lower cost.The potential for both AI and robotics in healthcare is va
66、st.Just like in our everyday lives,AI androbotics are increasingly a part of our healthcare ecosystem.Throughout this section of the report,we highlight a range of products and existing or emerging technology in side-bars or boxes that weve found during our research for these eight areas.It is extra
67、ordinary,and hard to keep up with as new uses of AI and robotics are launched every week.AI and RoboticsEarly DetectionDiagnosisDecision MakingTreatmentKeeping WellResearchEnd of Life CareTraining 4 The Ringer(2016).How Siri Got Left Behind.https:/ The Economist(2017).How voice technology is transfo
68、rming computing.http:/ 6Wired(2016).http:/www.wired.co.uk/article/cancer-risk-ai-mammogramsWhat doctor?Why AI and robotics will define New HealthInvestmentFindingsConclusionReferencesAboutContactsIntroductionTransformingTreatmentDiagnosis ResearchEnd of life careDecision-makingTrainingKeeping wellEa
69、rly DetectionAI and Wearables for early detectionCyrcadias iTBraTM is a wearable vest being used to screen for the detection of breast cancer at earlier stages.CardioDiagnostics has developed a device that is able to remotely monitor its wearer for heart irregularities and is used to improve cardiac
70、 monitoring and rhythm management.Diagnosis Its estimated that 80%of health data is invisible to current systems because its unstructured7.IBMs Watson for Health uses cognitive technology to help healthcare organisations unlock vast amounts of health data and power diagnosis.Watson can review and st
71、ore far more medical information every medical journal,symptom,and case study of treatment and response around the world exponentially faster than any human.And it doesnt just store data,its capable of finding meaning in it.Unlike humans,its decisions are all evidence-based and free of cognitive bia
72、ses or overconfidence,enabling rapid analysis and vastly reducing even eliminating misdiagnosis.Googles DeepMind Health is working in partnership with clinicians,researchers and patients to solve real-world healthcare problems.The technology combines machine learning and systems neuroscience to buil
73、d powerful general-purpose learning algorithms into neural networks that mimic the human brain.Googles DeepMindNo longer science fiction,AI and robotics are transforming healthcareMost of us are barely aware of it,but AI is already a part of our lives its in our cars,telling us when its time for the
74、 engine to be serviced based on our driving patterns;its in our everyday Google searches and the suggestions from Amazon that follow us around on the web;its the chatbot on the end of the telephone in call service centres.AI is becoming ubiquitous and most of us use it:Apples Siri processes two bill
75、ion natural-language requests a week4,and 20%of requests on Android phones are made by voicealone5.AI is getting increasingly sophisticated at doing what humans do but more efficiently,more quickly and at a lower cost.The potential for both AI and robotics in healthcare is vast.Just like in our ever
76、yday lives,AI androbotics are increasingly a part of our healthcare ecosystem.Throughout this section of the report,we highlight a range of products and existing or emerging technology in side-bars or boxes that weve found during our research for these eight areas.It is extraordinary,and hard to kee
77、p up with as new uses of AI and robotics are launched every week.AI and RoboticsEarly DetectionDiagnosisDecision MakingTreatmentKeeping WellResearchEnd of Life CareTraining 4 The Ringer(2016).How Siri Got Left Behind.https:/ The Economist(2017).How voice technology is transforming computing.http:/ 7
78、 Healthcare Data Institute(2015).http:/ doctor?Why AI and robotics will define New HealthInvestmentFindingsConclusionReferencesAboutContactsIntroductionTransformingTreatmentResearchEnd of life careDecision-makingTrainingDiagnosis Keeping wellEarly DetectionDiagnosis Its estimated that 80%of health d
79、ata is invisible to current systems because its unstructured7.IBMs Watson for Health uses cognitive technology to help healthcare organisations unlock vast amounts of health data and power diagnosis.Watson can review and store far more medical information every medical journal,symptom,and case study
80、 of treatment and response around the world exponentially faster than any human.And it doesnt just store data,its capable of finding meaning in it.Unlike humans,its decisions are all evidence-based and free of cognitive biases or overconfidence,enabling rapid analysis and vastly reducing even elimin
81、ating misdiagnosis.Googles DeepMind Health is working in partnership with clinicians,researchers and patients to solve real-world healthcare problems.The technology combines machine learning and systems neuroscience to build powerful general-purpose learning algorithms into neural networks that mimi
82、c the human brain.Googles DeepMindNo longer science fiction,AI and robotics are transforming healthcareMost of us are barely aware of it,but AI is already a part of our lives its in our cars,telling us when its time for the engine to be serviced based on our driving patterns;its in our everyday Goog
83、le searches and the suggestions from Amazon that follow us around on the web;its the chatbot on the end of the telephone in call service centres.AI is becoming ubiquitous and most of us use it:Apples Siri processes two billion natural-language requests a week4,and 20%of requests on Android phones ar
84、e made by voicealone5.AI is getting increasingly sophisticated at doing what humans do but more efficiently,more quickly and at a lower cost.The potential for both AI and robotics in healthcare is vast.Just like in our everyday lives,AI androbotics are increasingly a part of our healthcare ecosystem
85、.Throughout this section of the report,we highlight a range of products and existing or emerging technology in side-bars or boxes that weve found during our research for these eight areas.It is extraordinary,and hard to keep up with as new uses of AI and robotics are launched every week.AI and Robot
86、icsEarly DetectionDiagnosisDecision MakingTreatmentKeeping WellResearchEnd of Life CareTraining 4 The Ringer(2016).How Siri Got Left Behind.https:/ The Economist(2017).How voice technology is transforming computing.http:/ 7 Healthcare Data Institute(2015).http:/ doctor?Why AI and robotics will defin
87、e New HealthInvestmentFindingsConclusionReferencesAboutContactsIntroductionTransformingTreatmentResearchEnd of life careDecision-makingTrainingDiagnosis Keeping wellEarly DetectionGoogles DeepmindIn 2016,Googles DeepMind stunned the Go-playing world by beating 18-time world champion Lee Se-dol,one o
88、f the highest ranked players in the world.It was the first time a computer programme took on a professional player of this ancient Chinese board game,which has long been considered impossible for computers to play at the international professional level.Its much more difficult than other games like
89、chess,even though the rules are relatively simple,because of the almost infinite number of possibilities and the high levels of intuition required of a world-class player.Deepminds programme displayed game-winning creativity,in some cases finding moves that challenged millennia of Go wisdom.DeepMind
90、 Health began working with hospitals in the UK in 2016,searching for early signs of disease that lead to blindness and cancer,as well as developing new clinical mobile apps linked to electronic patient records.Decision-making Improving care requires the alignment of broad base data analysis with app
91、ropriate and timely decisions,and predictive analytics can support clinical decision-making and actions as well as prioritise tasks.Using the system dynamics driven pattern recognition to identify patients at risk of developing a condition or seeing it deteriorate due to lifestyle,environmental,geno
92、mic,or other factors is another area where AI is beginning to take hold in healthcare.For example,in an extension and application of AI,PwCs Bodylogical captures learnings in mechanistic modeling to digitally represent the physiology of the human body.This enables true-life simulations to predict th
93、e likely progression of chronic diseases in the future based on todays actions and interventions.These simulations help pharmaceutical companies,providers,payers,employers,researchers and consumers better understand how daily life choices and therapeutics impact individual patients or population hea
94、lth outcomes and associated costs.AI and analytics platforms for decision-makingNo longer science fiction,AI and robotics are transforming healthcareMost of us are barely aware of it,but AI is already a part of our lives its in our cars,telling us when its time for the engine to be serviced based on
95、 our driving patterns;its in our everyday Google searches and the suggestions from Amazon that follow us around on the web;its the chatbot on the end of the telephone in call service centres.AI is becoming ubiquitous and most of us use it:Apples Siri processes two billion natural-language requests a
96、 week4,and 20%of requests on Android phones are made by voicealone5.AI is getting increasingly sophisticated at doing what humans do but more efficiently,more quickly and at a lower cost.The potential for both AI and robotics in healthcare is vast.Just like in our everyday lives,AI androbotics are i
97、ncreasingly a part of our healthcare ecosystem.Throughout this section of the report,we highlight a range of products and existing or emerging technology in side-bars or boxes that weve found during our research for these eight areas.It is extraordinary,and hard to keep up with as new uses of AI and
98、 robotics are launched every week.AI and RoboticsEarly DetectionDiagnosisDecision MakingTreatmentKeeping WellResearchEnd of Life CareTraining 4 The Ringer(2016).How Siri Got Left Behind.https:/ The Economist(2017).How voice technology is transforming computing.http:/ What doctor?Why AI and robotics
99、will define New HealthInvestmentFindingsConclusionReferencesAboutContactsIntroductionTransformingTreatmentDiagnosis ResearchEnd of life careTrainingDecision-makingKeeping wellEarly DetectionDecision-making Improving care requires the alignment of broad base data analysis with appropriate and timely
100、decisions,and predictive analytics can support clinical decision-making and actions as well as prioritise tasks.Using the system dynamics driven pattern recognition to identify patients at risk of developing a condition or seeing it deteriorate due to lifestyle,environmental,genomic,or other factors
101、 is another area where AI is beginning to take hold in healthcare.For example,in an extension and application of AI,PwCs Bodylogical captures learnings in mechanistic modeling to digitally represent the physiology of the human body.This enables true-life simulations to predict the likely progression
102、 of chronic diseases in the future based on todays actions and interventions.These simulations help pharmaceutical companies,providers,payers,employers,researchers and consumers better understand how daily life choices and therapeutics impact individual patients or population health outcomes and ass
103、ociated costs.AI and analytics platforms for decision-makingNo longer science fiction,AI and robotics are transforming healthcareMost of us are barely aware of it,but AI is already a part of our lives its in our cars,telling us when its time for the engine to be serviced based on our driving pattern
104、s;its in our everyday Google searches and the suggestions from Amazon that follow us around on the web;its the chatbot on the end of the telephone in call service centres.AI is becoming ubiquitous and most of us use it:Apples Siri processes two billion natural-language requests a week4,and 20%of req
105、uests on Android phones are made by voicealone5.AI is getting increasingly sophisticated at doing what humans do but more efficiently,more quickly and at a lower cost.The potential for both AI and robotics in healthcare is vast.Just like in our everyday lives,AI androbotics are increasingly a part o
106、f our healthcare ecosystem.Throughout this section of the report,we highlight a range of products and existing or emerging technology in side-bars or boxes that weve found during our research for these eight areas.It is extraordinary,and hard to keep up with as new uses of AI and robotics are launch
107、ed every week.AI and RoboticsEarly DetectionDiagnosisDecision MakingTreatmentKeeping WellResearchEnd of Life CareTraining 4 The Ringer(2016).How Siri Got Left Behind.https:/ The Economist(2017).How voice technology is transforming computing.http:/ What doctor?Why AI and robotics will define New Heal
108、thInvestmentFindingsConclusionReferencesAboutContactsIntroductionTransformingTreatmentDiagnosis ResearchEnd of life careTrainingDecision-makingKeeping wellEarly DetectionAI and analytics platforms for decision-makingQuest Diagnostics Quanum platform is an integrated suite of healthcare information t
109、echnology and predictive analytics tools that analyses patient test data together with their medical data to help primary care physicians identify patients with early onset memory loss and dementia.VitreosHealth has developed a predictive analytics platform that identifies people whose health is mos
110、t likely to deteriorate and implements change protocols to prevent catastrophic health events.TreatmentBeyond scanning health records to help providers identify chronically ill individuals who may be at risk of an adverse episode,AI can help clinicians take a more comprehensive approach for disease
111、management,better coordinate care plans and help patients to better manage and comply with their long-term treatment programmes.AiCure has built an application to monitor patients with long-term conditions and help them adhere to medication intake.The application uses a visual recognition system to
112、identify the patients face,the medication theyre taking,and confirm ingestion.The data is then sent back to the care provider or to a pharmaceutical company conducting a clinical trial.Robots have been used in medicine for more than 30 years.From the first programmable universal machine for assembly
113、(PUMA),used in urology surgery in the 1980s,to the da Vinci robot,the most widely used robotic system in clinical use today,robots have developed to perform a wide range of tasks and functions.They range from simple laboratory robots to highly complex surgical robots that can either aid a human surg
114、eon or execute operations by themselves.In addition to surgery,theyre used in hospitals and labs for repetitive tasks,in rehabilitation,physical therapy and in support of those with long-term conditions.RoBear is a nursing-care robot that is able to lift and move patients in and out of bed into a wh
115、eelchair,help those who need assistance to stand,and even turn patients in bed to prevent bedsores.TreatmentNo longer science fiction,AI and robotics are transforming healthcareMost of us are barely aware of it,but AI is already a part of our lives its in our cars,telling us when its time for the en
116、gine to be serviced based on our driving patterns;its in our everyday Google searches and the suggestions from Amazon that follow us around on the web;its the chatbot on the end of the telephone in call service centres.AI is becoming ubiquitous and most of us use it:Apples Siri processes two billion
117、 natural-language requests a week4,and 20%of requests on Android phones are made by voicealone5.AI is getting increasingly sophisticated at doing what humans do but more efficiently,more quickly and at a lower cost.The potential for both AI and robotics in healthcare is vast.Just like in our everyda
118、y lives,AI androbotics are increasingly a part of our healthcare ecosystem.Throughout this section of the report,we highlight a range of products and existing or emerging technology in side-bars or boxes that weve found during our research for these eight areas.It is extraordinary,and hard to keep u
119、p with as new uses of AI and robotics are launched every week.AI and RoboticsEarly DetectionDiagnosisDecision MakingTreatmentKeeping WellResearchEnd of Life CareTraining 4 The Ringer(2016).How Siri Got Left Behind.https:/ The Economist(2017).How voice technology is transforming computing.http:/ What
120、 doctor?Why AI and robotics will define New HealthInvestmentFindingsConclusionReferencesAboutContactsIntroductionTransformingDiagnosis ResearchEnd of life careDecision-makingTrainingTreatmentKeeping wellEarly DetectionTreatmentBeyond scanning health records to help providers identify chronically ill
121、 individuals who may be at risk of an adverse episode,AI can help clinicians take a more comprehensive approach for disease management,better coordinate care plans and help patients to better manage and comply with their long-term treatment programmes.AiCure has built an application to monitor patie
122、nts with long-term conditions and help them adhere to medication intake.The application uses a visual recognition system to identify the patients face,the medication theyre taking,and confirm ingestion.The data is then sent back to the care provider or to a pharmaceutical company conducting a clinic
123、al trial.Robots have been used in medicine for more than 30 years.From the first programmable universal machine for assembly(PUMA),used in urology surgery in the 1980s,to the da Vinci robot,the most widely used robotic system in clinical use today,robots have developed to perform a wide range of tas
124、ks and functions.They range from simple laboratory robots to highly complex surgical robots that can either aid a human surgeon or execute operations by themselves.In addition to surgery,theyre used in hospitals and labs for repetitive tasks,in rehabilitation,physical therapy and in support of those
125、 with long-term conditions.RoBear is a nursing-care robot that is able to lift and move patients in and out of bed into a wheelchair,help those who need assistance to stand,and even turn patients in bed to prevent bedsores.TreatmentNo longer science fiction,AI and robotics are transforming healthcar
126、eMost of us are barely aware of it,but AI is already a part of our lives its in our cars,telling us when its time for the engine to be serviced based on our driving patterns;its in our everyday Google searches and the suggestions from Amazon that follow us around on the web;its the chatbot on the en
127、d of the telephone in call service centres.AI is becoming ubiquitous and most of us use it:Apples Siri processes two billion natural-language requests a week4,and 20%of requests on Android phones are made by voicealone5.AI is getting increasingly sophisticated at doing what humans do but more effici
128、ently,more quickly and at a lower cost.The potential for both AI and robotics in healthcare is vast.Just like in our everyday lives,AI androbotics are increasingly a part of our healthcare ecosystem.Throughout this section of the report,we highlight a range of products and existing or emerging techn
129、ology in side-bars or boxes that weve found during our research for these eight areas.It is extraordinary,and hard to keep up with as new uses of AI and robotics are launched every week.AI and RoboticsEarly DetectionDiagnosisDecision MakingTreatmentKeeping WellResearchEnd of Life CareTraining 4 The
130、Ringer(2016).How Siri Got Left Behind.https:/ The Economist(2017).How voice technology is transforming computing.http:/ What doctor?Why AI and robotics will define New HealthInvestmentFindingsConclusionReferencesAboutContactsIntroductionTransformingDiagnosis ResearchEnd of life careDecision-makingTr
131、ainingTreatmentKeeping wellEarly DetectionTreatmentAIInnovaccers AI Assisted Care Coordination Platform addresses persistent issues in care and connectivity,and assures adherence to care plans by tracking deviations and staying updated on post-acute patient needs.Sentrian is a remote patient intelli
132、gence service provider that delivers integrated remote patient monitoring and analytics to health plan members with complex pulmonary diseases.Royal Philips delivers remote care options to proactively help patients at home.The services are powered by data analytics and connected sensors enabling 24/
133、7 monitoring and delivery of an ongoing stream of monitoring data to a remote home-care team.Google DeepMind is partnering with the University College London Hospitals radiotherapy department.DeepMind will test the use of AI and machine learning to reduce the time it takes to plan radiotherapy treat
134、ment for hard-to-treat cancers of the head and neck.IBMs Watson for Oncology gives treatment recommendations based on patients medical records and is now being used around the world,including 21 hospitals across China and in Thailand and India.Robotics KASPAR is a child-sized humanoid robot designed
135、 to help teachers and parents support children with autism.Giraff is a mobile communication robot that facilitates a chronically ill patients contact with the outside world.It is remote-controlled,on wheels,and has a camera and monitor.Bestic is a robotic-assisted dining appliance for people who are
136、 unable to move their arms or hands.Toyota has created four robots that enable immobilized patients to walk or balance.Xenex robots disinfect hospital facilities using UV light,destroying microorganisms that can be the cause of hospital acquired infections(HAIs).Aethons TUG robots automate the deliv
137、ery and transportation of the immense amount of materials including food,laundry and prescriptions that move through a hospital every day,freeing staff to focus on patient care.Veebot is a robot that can draw blood faster and more safely than a human.End of life careWe are living much longer than pr
138、evious generations,and as we approach the end of life,we are dying in a different and slower way,from conditions like dementia,heart failure and osteoporosis.It is also a phase of life that is often plagued by loneliness.Robots have the potential to revolutionise end of life care,helping people to r
139、emain independent for longer,reducing the need for hospitalisation,caregivers and care homes by performing routine tasks such as taking vital signs and prompting for medication.AIcombined with the advancements in humanoid design are enabling robots to go even further and have conversations and other
140、 social interactions with the people that keep ageing minds sharp and solves problems of loneliness and isolation.Kompai robots talk,understand speech,remind people of meetings,keeptrack of shopping lists and play music.Developed to assist the elderly in their own homes,they are able to monitor for
141、falls and other health parameters,provide alerts,and connect via video-conference with healthcare providers as well as with friends and family.End of life careNo longer science fiction,AI and robotics are transforming healthcareMost of us are barely aware of it,but AI is already a part of our lives
142、its in our cars,telling us when its time for the engine to be serviced based on our driving patterns;its in our everyday Google searches and the suggestions from Amazon that follow us around on the web;its the chatbot on the end of the telephone in call service centres.AI is becoming ubiquitous and
143、most of us use it:Apples Siri processes two billion natural-language requests a week4,and 20%of requests on Android phones are made by voicealone5.AI is getting increasingly sophisticated at doing what humans do but more efficiently,more quickly and at a lower cost.The potential for both AI and robo
144、tics in healthcare is vast.Just like in our everyday lives,AI androbotics are increasingly a part of our healthcare ecosystem.Throughout this section of the report,we highlight a range of products and existing or emerging technology in side-bars or boxes that weve found during our research for these
145、 eight areas.It is extraordinary,and hard to keep up with as new uses of AI and robotics are launched every week.AI and RoboticsEarly DetectionDiagnosisDecision MakingTreatmentKeeping WellResearchEnd of Life CareTraining 4 The Ringer(2016).How Siri Got Left Behind.https:/ The Economist(2017).How voi
146、ce technology is transforming computing.http:/ What doctor?Why AI and robotics will define New HealthInvestmentFindingsConclusionReferencesAboutContactsIntroductionTransformingTreatmentDiagnosis ResearchDecision-makingTrainingEnd of life careKeeping wellEarly DetectionEnd of life careWe are living m
147、uch longer than previous generations,and as we approach the end of life,we are dying in a different and slower way,from conditions like dementia,heart failure and osteoporosis.It is also a phase of life that is often plagued by loneliness.Robots have the potential to revolutionise end of life care,h
148、elping people to remain independent for longer,reducing the need for hospitalisation,caregivers and care homes by performing routine tasks such as taking vital signs and prompting for medication.AIcombined with the advancements in humanoid design are enabling robots to go even further and have conve
149、rsations and other social interactions with the people that keep ageing minds sharp and solves problems of loneliness and isolation.Kompai robots talk,understand speech,remind people of meetings,keeptrack of shopping lists and play music.Developed to assist the elderly in their own homes,they are ab
150、le to monitor for falls and other health parameters,provide alerts,and connect via video-conference with healthcare providers as well as with friends and family.End of life careNo longer science fiction,AI and robotics are transforming healthcareMost of us are barely aware of it,but AI is already a
151、part of our lives its in our cars,telling us when its time for the engine to be serviced based on our driving patterns;its in our everyday Google searches and the suggestions from Amazon that follow us around on the web;its the chatbot on the end of the telephone in call service centres.AI is becomi
152、ng ubiquitous and most of us use it:Apples Siri processes two billion natural-language requests a week4,and 20%of requests on Android phones are made by voicealone5.AI is getting increasingly sophisticated at doing what humans do but more efficiently,more quickly and at a lower cost.The potential fo
153、r both AI and robotics in healthcare is vast.Just like in our everyday lives,AI androbotics are increasingly a part of our healthcare ecosystem.Throughout this section of the report,we highlight a range of products and existing or emerging technology in side-bars or boxes that weve found during our
154、research for these eight areas.It is extraordinary,and hard to keep up with as new uses of AI and robotics are launched every week.AI and RoboticsEarly DetectionDiagnosisDecision MakingTreatmentKeeping WellResearchEnd of Life CareTraining 4 The Ringer(2016).How Siri Got Left Behind.https:/ The Econo
155、mist(2017).How voice technology is transforming computing.http:/ What doctor?Why AI and robotics will define New HealthInvestmentFindingsConclusionReferencesAboutContactsIntroductionTransformingTreatmentDiagnosis ResearchDecision-makingTrainingEnd of life careKeeping wellEarly DetectionEnd of life c
156、areParo Therapeutic Robots are advanced interactive robots that enable the documented benefits of animal therapy to be administered to patients in environments such as hospitals and extended care facilities where live animals present treatment or logistical difficulties.Theyve been found to reduce s
157、tress,stimulate interaction and improve socialisation.Robot Era is developing robots that move around on wheels but have a friendly humanoid face.The robots sensors and cameras are used to gather and analyse real-time data which is then sent to the cloud wirelessly where algorithms extrapolate such
158、advanced information as whether someone is showing signs of dementia.They can also remind the elderly about daily tasks and important information,and track conditions over time.Zora Robotics is building AI software into Zora Bots that have patient-facing roles in hospitals and are training humanoid
159、robots to hold conversations with the elderly.ResearchEach and every one of us has most likely taken a medication prescribed by our doctors for a symptom or illness at some point in our lives.Those with chronic diseases often depend upon medication to manage what might otherwise be debilitating dise
160、ases.But the path from research lab to patient is a long and costly one.According to the California Biomedical Research Association,it takes an average of 12 years for a drug to travel from the research lab to the patient.Only five in 5,000,or.1%,of the drugs that begin pre-clinical testing ever mak
161、e it to human testing and just one of these five is ever approved for human usage.Furthermore,on average,it will cost a company US$359 million to develop a new drug from the research lab to the patient8.Drug research and discovery is one of the more recent applications for AI in healthcare.By direct
162、ing the latest advances in AI to streamline the drug discovery and drug repurposing processes there is the potential to significantly cut both the time to market for new drugs and their costs,not only for the labs who develop the drugs,but for those people whose health depends upon them.Pharma.AI is
163、 the Pharmaceutical Artificial Intelligence division of Insilico Medicine,a bioinformatics company located at the Emerging Technology Centers at the Johns Hopkins University,launched in March 2016.They focus on drug discovery programmes for cancer,Parkinsons,Alzheimers,and other ageing and age-relat
164、ed health issues.ResearchNo longer science fiction,AI and robotics are transforming healthcareMost of us are barely aware of it,but AI is already a part of our lives its in our cars,telling us when its time for the engine to be serviced based on our driving patterns;its in our everyday Google search
165、es and the suggestions from Amazon that follow us around on the web;its the chatbot on the end of the telephone in call service centres.AI is becoming ubiquitous and most of us use it:Apples Siri processes two billion natural-language requests a week4,and 20%of requests on Android phones are made by
166、 voicealone5.AI is getting increasingly sophisticated at doing what humans do but more efficiently,more quickly and at a lower cost.The potential for both AI and robotics in healthcare is vast.Just like in our everyday lives,AI androbotics are increasingly a part of our healthcare ecosystem.Througho
167、ut this section of the report,we highlight a range of products and existing or emerging technology in side-bars or boxes that weve found during our research for these eight areas.It is extraordinary,and hard to keep up with as new uses of AI and robotics are launched every week.AI and RoboticsEarly
168、DetectionDiagnosisDecision MakingTreatmentKeeping WellResearchEnd of Life CareTraining 4 The Ringer(2016).How Siri Got Left Behind.https:/ The Economist(2017).How voice technology is transforming computing.http:/ 8 California Biomedical Research Association.New Drug Development Process.http:/www.ca-
169、biomed.org/pdf/media-kit/fact-sheets/CBRADrugDevelop.pdfHowever,medical research is not just about finding new drugs to combat disease.It also includes research into disease itself,with the ultimate goal being to inoculate against or completely eliminate disease.Meta is a Canadian start-up that uses
170、 AI to quickly read and comprehend scientific papers and then provide insights to researchers;it was bought by the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative in January 2017 as part of the charitable foundations mission to eradicate disease.What doctor?Why AI and robotics will define New HealthInvestmentFindingsCon
171、clusionReferencesAboutContactsIntroductionTransformingTreatmentDiagnosis End of life careDecision-makingTrainingResearchKeeping wellEarly DetectionResearchEach and every one of us has most likely taken a medication prescribed by our doctors for a symptom or illness at some point in our lives.Those w
172、ith chronic diseases often depend upon medication to manage what might otherwise be debilitating diseases.But the path from research lab to patient is a long and costly one.According to the California Biomedical Research Association,it takes an average of 12 years for a drug to travel from the resea
173、rch lab to the patient.Only five in 5,000,or.1%,of the drugs that begin pre-clinical testing ever make it to human testing and just one of these five is ever approved for human usage.Furthermore,on average,it will cost a company US$359 million to develop a new drug from the research lab to the patie
174、nt8.Drug research and discovery is one of the more recent applications for AI in healthcare.By directing the latest advances in AI to streamline the drug discovery and drug repurposing processes there is the potential to significantly cut both the time to market for new drugs and their costs,not onl
175、y for the labs who develop the drugs,but for those people whose health depends upon them.Pharma.AI is the Pharmaceutical Artificial Intelligence division of Insilico Medicine,a bioinformatics company located at the Emerging Technology Centers at the Johns Hopkins University,launched in March 2016.Th
176、ey focus on drug discovery programmes for cancer,Parkinsons,Alzheimers,and other ageing and age-related health issues.ResearchNo longer science fiction,AI and robotics are transforming healthcareMost of us are barely aware of it,but AI is already a part of our lives its in our cars,telling us when i
177、ts time for the engine to be serviced based on our driving patterns;its in our everyday Google searches and the suggestions from Amazon that follow us around on the web;its the chatbot on the end of the telephone in call service centres.AI is becoming ubiquitous and most of us use it:Apples Siri pro
178、cesses two billion natural-language requests a week4,and 20%of requests on Android phones are made by voicealone5.AI is getting increasingly sophisticated at doing what humans do but more efficiently,more quickly and at a lower cost.The potential for both AI and robotics in healthcare is vast.Just l
179、ike in our everyday lives,AI androbotics are increasingly a part of our healthcare ecosystem.Throughout this section of the report,we highlight a range of products and existing or emerging technology in side-bars or boxes that weve found during our research for these eight areas.It is extraordinary,
180、and hard to keep up with as new uses of AI and robotics are launched every week.AI and RoboticsEarly DetectionDiagnosisDecision MakingTreatmentKeeping WellResearchEnd of Life CareTraining 4 The Ringer(2016).How Siri Got Left Behind.https:/ The Economist(2017).How voice technology is transforming com
181、puting.http:/ 8 California Biomedical Research Association.New Drug Development Process.http:/www.ca-biomed.org/pdf/media-kit/fact-sheets/CBRADrugDevelop.pdfHowever,medical research is not just about finding new drugs to combat disease.It also includes research into disease itself,with the ultimate
182、goal being to inoculate against or completely eliminate disease.Meta is a Canadian start-up that uses AI to quickly read and comprehend scientific papers and then provide insights to researchers;it was bought by the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative in January 2017 as part of the charitable foundations mis
183、sion to eradicate disease.What doctor?Why AI and robotics will define New HealthInvestmentFindingsConclusionReferencesAboutContactsIntroductionTransformingTreatmentDiagnosis End of life careDecision-makingTrainingResearchKeeping wellEarly DetectionResearchThe Japanese Government has entered into a p
184、ublic-private alliance to develop a self-learning AI at the government-affiliated National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation,Health and Nutrition.The partnership will support researchers in streamlining the development of new drugs in order to boost the nations competitive advantage.BERG Health,a
185、startup that uses an AI platform for drug discovery,initiated a phase II clinical trial in 2016 for a drug compound that could potentially treat pancreatic cancer.Atomwise found two existing drugs reportedly in one day using its AI technology that may also work against the Ebola virus.TrainingAI all
186、ows those in training to go through naturalistic simulations in a way that simple computer-driven algorithms cannot.The advent use of natural speech in technology and the ability of an AI computer to draw instantly on a large database of scenarios means AI can respond to questions,decisions or advic
187、e from a trainee and can challenge more effectively than a human can.And the training programme can learn from previous responses from the trainee,meaning that the challenges can be continually adjusted to meet their learning needs.And training can be done anywhere with the power ofAI embedded on a
188、smartphone,for example,as quick catch up sessions,after a tricky case in a clinic or whiletravelling.To date,the main way new technologies have been used to augment training is through virtual reality(VR).Combining VR with AI will offer boundless opportunities for extending the skills of trainees in
189、 a targeted fashion.AI and robotics are redrawing the healthcare landscape.The wave of innovation being driven by these technologies is not only transforming clinical decision-making,patient monitoring and care,and surgical support,but fundamentally changing how we approach healthcare for our popula
190、tions.We are already experiencing this shift as we focus on integrating prevention and wellness into our health systems and we are heading towards a time when people work more proactively with their healthcare professionals across illness and wellness.No longer science fiction,AI and robotics are tr
191、ansforming healthcareMost of us are barely aware of it,but AI is already a part of our lives its in our cars,telling us when its time for the engine to be serviced based on our driving patterns;its in our everyday Google searches and the suggestions from Amazon that follow us around on the web;its t
192、he chatbot on the end of the telephone in call service centres.AI is becoming ubiquitous and most of us use it:Apples Siri processes two billion natural-language requests a week4,and 20%of requests on Android phones are made by voicealone5.AI is getting increasingly sophisticated at doing what human
193、s do but more efficiently,more quickly and at a lower cost.The potential for both AI and robotics in healthcare is vast.Just like in our everyday lives,AI androbotics are increasingly a part of our healthcare ecosystem.Throughout this section of the report,we highlight a range of products and existi
194、ng or emerging technology in side-bars or boxes that weve found during our research for these eight areas.It is extraordinary,and hard to keep up with as new uses of AI and robotics are launched every week.AI and RoboticsEarly DetectionDiagnosisDecision MakingTreatmentKeeping WellResearchEnd of Life
195、 CareTraining 4 The Ringer(2016).How Siri Got Left Behind.https:/ The Economist(2017).How voice technology is transforming computing.http:/ This shift will inevitably alter many of the roles of healthcare professionals.As these new technologies and perspectives become more integrated within and acro
196、ss our healthcare systems and more ubiquitous among the population,the skills that are required by our new health landscape may well be markedly different than those that are needed today.We currently train our doctors and nurses in the context of health systems that may no longer exist once they gr
197、aduate medical school.An understanding of technology will be imperative.Programming,data analytics and human behaviour may well be as much a part of the medical curricula as anatomy and neurology.AI and robotics technology will free up clinicians for other types of work that enable them to spend mor
198、e meaningful time with their patients.Rather than a profession of healthcare providers,AI and robotics will open opportunities for more holistic patient care,with a focus on keeping patients healthier longer,instead of primarily treating illness.AI will likely challenge the traditional role of the d
199、octor.But,rather than worrying if these technologies are going to replace doctors and other healthcare professionals,we should be considering more deeply their wider role in the entire healthcare continuum with a clear eye towards training our healthcare workforce for the future.What doctor?Why AI a
200、nd robotics will define New HealthInvestmentFindingsConclusionReferencesAboutContactsIntroductionTransformingTreatmentDiagnosis ResearchEnd of life careDecision-makingTrainingKeeping wellEarly Detection9 Frost&Sullivan(2016).Transforming healthcare through artificial intelligence systems.AI Heal
201、th and Life Sciences.10 As quoted in Huffpost Tech UK,“Artificial Intelligence For Healthcare Is Booming”,by Reuven Cohen(31 Jan 2017).http:/www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/reuven-cohen/artificial-intelligence-f_b_14437718.html 11 CB Insights(Feb.3,2017).https:/ Ibid.13 CB Insights(Feb.3,2017).https:/ pred
202、ictive insights to robotic surgery,investment is booming Investing in health is always a long-term prospect,whether it is a matter of training a doctor,developing a new drug,building a new facility or developing AI and robotics.The question is,given that long-term view,and the potential of AI and ro
203、botics,where should that investment go?Already AI is coming of age,and the AI healthcare market is poised for dramatic growth.Frost&Sullivan predicts that the AI market for healthcare will increase by 40%between 2014 and 2021.And they estimate growth from US$633.8m to US$6.662bn9.010002000300040
204、005000600070008000663.86,66220142021Figure 1:Artificial Intelligence Market for Healthcare Applications,World,2014,2021(in Millions)Source:Frost&Sullivan 2016 Transforming healthcare through artificial intelligence systems AI investment heats upAccording to Frost&Sullivan analyst Harpreet Si
205、nghButtar,By 2025,AI systems could be involved in everything from population health management,to digital avatars capable of answering specific patient queries.10In 2011 there were fewer than ten deals related to healthcare AI;this leapt to almost 70 deals in 2016.Some of the 2016 deals included a U
206、S$25m Series A round raised by London-based health services startup,Babylon Health,and a US$154m Series A round raised by China-based iCarbonX11.According to CB Insights,healthcare is the hottest area of investment within AI.They identified over 100 companies that have raised an equity funding round
207、 since January 201312.From insights and analytics,imaging and diagnostics,drug discovery to remote patient monitoring and virtual assistants,AI is poised to impact every aspect of healthcare.AI investment highlights13What doctor?Why AI and robotics will define New HealthTransformingFindingsConclusio
208、nReferencesAboutContactsInvestmentIntroductionAI investment heats upRise of the robotsIn 2011 there were fewer than ten deals related to healthcare AI;this leapt to almost 70 deals in 2016.Some of the 2016 deals included a US$25m Series A round raised by London-based health services startup,Babylon
209、Health,and a US$154m Series A round raised by China-based iCarbonX11.According to CB Insights,healthcare is the hottest area of investment within AI.They identified over 100 companies that have raised an equity funding round since January 201312.From insights and analytics,imaging and diagnostics,dr
210、ug discovery to remote patient monitoring and virtual assistants,AI is poised to impact every aspect of healthcare.9 Frost&Sullivan(2016).Transforming healthcare through artificial intelligence systems.AI Health and Life Sciences.10 As quoted in Huffpost Tech UK,“Artificial Intelligence For Heal
211、thcare Is Booming”,by Reuven Cohen(31 Jan 2017).http:/www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/reuven-cohen/artificial-intelligence-f_b_14437718.html 11 CB Insights(Feb.3,2017).https:/ Ibid.13 CB Insights(Feb.3,2017).https:/ predictive insights to robotic surgery,investment is booming Investing in health is always
212、a long-term prospect,whether it is a matter of training a doctor,developing a new drug,building a new facility or developing AI and robotics.The question is,given that long-term view,and the potential of AI and robotics,where should that investment go?Already AI is coming of age,and the AI healthcar
213、e market is poised for dramatic growth.Frost&Sullivan predicts that the AI market for healthcare will increase by 40%between 2014 and 2021.And they estimate growth from US$633.8m to US$6.662bn9.010002000300040005000600070008000663.86,66220142021Figure 1:Artificial Intelligence Market for Healthc
214、are Applications,World,2014,2021(in Millions)Source:Frost&Sullivan 2016 Transforming healthcare through artificial intelligence systems AI investment heats upAccording to Frost&Sullivan analyst Harpreet SinghButtar,By 2025,AI systems could be involved in everything from population health man
215、agement,to digital avatars capable of answering specific patient queries.10AI investment highlights13What doctor?Why AI and robotics will define New HealthTransformingFindingsConclusionReferencesAboutContactsInvestmentIntroductionAI investment heats upRise of the robots010002000300040005000600070008
216、000663.86,66220142021Figure 1:Artificial Intelligence Market for Healthcare Applications,World,2014,2021(in Millions)Source:Frost&Sullivan 2016 Transforming healthcare through artificial intelligence systems 9 Frost&Sullivan(2016).Transforming healthcare through artificial intelligence syste
217、ms.AI Health and Life Sciences.10 As quoted in Huffpost Tech UK,“Artificial Intelligence For Healthcare Is Booming”,by Reuven Cohen(31 Jan 2017).http:/www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/reuven-cohen/artificial-intelligence-f_b_14437718.html 11 CB Insights(Feb.3,2017).https:/ Ibid.13 CB Insights(Feb.3,2017).ht
218、tps:/ 1:Artificial Intelligence Market for Healthcare Applications,World,2014,2021(in Millions)Source:Frost&Sullivan 2016 Transforming healthcare through artificial intelligence systems According to Frost&Sullivan analyst Harpreet SinghButtar,By 2025,AI systems could be involved in everythin
219、g from population health management,to digital avatars capable of answering specific patient queries.109 Frost&Sullivan(2016).Transforming healthcare through artificial intelligence systems.AI Health and Life Sciences.10 As quoted in Huffpost Tech UK,“Artificial Intelligence For Healthcare Is Bo
220、oming”,by Reuven Cohen(31 Jan 2017).http:/www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/reuven-cohen/artificial-intelligence-f_b_14437718.html 11 CB Insights(Feb.3,2017).https:/ Ibid.13 CB Insights(Feb.3,2017).https:/ predictive insights to robotic surgery,investment is booming Investing in health is always a long-term
221、prospect,whether it is a matter of training a doctor,developing a new drug,building a new facility or developing AI and robotics.The question is,given that long-term view,and the potential of AI and robotics,where should that investment go?Already AI is coming of age,and the AI healthcare market is
222、poised for dramatic growth.Frost&Sullivan predicts that the AI market for healthcare will increase by 40%between 2014 and 2021.And they estimate growth from US$633.8m to US$6.662bn9.010002000300040005000600070008000663.86,66220142021Figure 1:Artificial Intelligence Market for Healthcare Applicat
223、ions,World,2014,2021(in Millions)Source:Frost&Sullivan 2016 Transforming healthcare through artificial intelligence systems AI investment heats upAccording to Frost&Sullivan analyst Harpreet SinghButtar,By 2025,AI systems could be involved in everything from population health management,to d
224、igital avatars capable of answering specific patient queries.10In 2011 there were fewer than ten deals related to healthcare AI;this leapt to almost 70 deals in 2016.Some of the 2016 deals included a US$25m Series A round raised by London-based health services startup,Babylon Health,and a US$154m Se
225、ries A round raised by China-based iCarbonX11.According to CB Insights,healthcare is the hottest area of investment within AI.They identified over 100 companies that have raised an equity funding round since January 201312.From insights and analytics,imaging and diagnostics,drug discovery to remote
226、patient monitoring and virtual assistants,AI is poised to impact every aspect of healthcare.AI investment highlights13What doctor?Why AI and robotics will define New HealthTransformingFindingsConclusionReferencesAboutContactsInvestmentIntroductionAI investment heats upRise of the robotsAI investment
227、 highlights13Insights&risk analytics:Health insights and risk analytics has been the hottest category for investment since 2015.Companies in this category provide predictive insights about a patients health using machine learning and natural language processing algorithms.The analytics are based
228、 on factors that include medical history and demography.Imaging&diagnostics:This category has become more saturated with companies in recent years compared to other areas of healthcare AI,with more than 80%of deals raised after January 2015.Remote patient monitoring:Deals to the category have pi
229、cked up since 2015,though there are fewer companies here than in diagnostics or risk analytics.London-based Babylon Health,backed by investors including Kinnevik and Google-owned DeepMind Technologies,raised a US$25m Series A round in 2016 to develop an AI-based chat platform.Core AI companies bring
230、 their algorithms to healthcare:Core AI start-up Ayasdi,which has developed a machine intelligence platform based on topological data analysis,is bringing its solutions to healthcare providers for applications including patient risk scoring and readmission reduction.Drug discovery:This category is g
231、aining attention,and venture capitalists have backed six out of the nine start-ups on the map,who are using machine learning algorithms to reduce drug discovery times.Oncology:IBM Watson Group-backed Pathway Genomics has recently started a research study for its new blood test kit,CancerIntercept De
232、tect.The company will collect blood samples from high-risk individuals who have never been diagnosed with the disease to determine if early detection is possible.Emergency room&hospital management:Start-ups here provide insights and real-time analytics,specifically in a hospital environment.Gaus
233、s Surgical,for instance,uses image recognition to monitor blood loss during surgery in real time using an iPad.Virtual Assistants:This category has a relatively low deal count,less than ten since 2012,but has the potential for increased investment activity.One of the start-ups,Babylon Health in the
234、United Kingdom,was backed last year by investors including Kinnevik and Google DeepMind in a US$25m Series A round.Mental Health:This is another category with relatively low deal count,as well as fewer companies.Seed-stage start-up Avalon uses AI to predict brain degeneration,and focuses on neuro-de
235、generative disease like Alzheimers and Parkinsons.Research:This category includes China-based iCarbonX,which joined the unicorn club in Q2 2016.Another start-up,Desktop Genetics,helps scientist with genome editing and CRISPR research.It received funding last year from genetic research company Illumi
236、na.Nutrition:Ireland-based Nuritas uses artificial intelligence to mine data and identify compounds in food that are beneficial to health.Marc Benioff invested over US$2m in the company in Q2 2016.Rise of the robotsAlongside AI,robotics is becoming one of the hottest new markets in tech.According to
237、 IDC,the overall market has been growing at a compound rate of 17%a year and will be worth US$135bn by 2019,with a boom taking place in Asia,Japan andChina.Markets and Markets estimates that the market for healthcare robotics will grow to US$11.4bn by 202014.Surgical robots comprise the largest comp
238、onent of the medical robotics market,according to IndustryArc,specifically the use of robots to facilitate minimally invasive surgery(see box-out).Changes soon could cause something of a shift in power around the operating table.Surgical robots may cease to be dumb,programmable machines and transfor
239、m into smart assistants.Yet there is also growing opportunity in the home healthand end of life care space for robots.The global personal robot market,including care-bots,could reach US$17.4bn by 2020,according to Frost&Sullivan,driven by rapidly ageing populations,a looming shortfall of care wo
240、rkers,and the need to enhance performance and assist rehabilitation of the elderly and physically handicapped.Japan is leading the way with one-third of the government budget on robots devoted to the elderly.The Japanese care-bot market alone is estimated to grow from US$155m in 2015 to US$3.728 bil
241、lion by 2035(source:Ministry of Economy,Trade&Industry)15.Bionics,exoskeletons and the next generation wearable robot are also becoming a reality and could revolutionise how we treat and care for those with diminished or lost functions due to ageing or physical challenges and injuries.The rehabi
242、litation robot market was estimated at US$203m in 2014 and is expected grow to US$1.1bn by 202116.The sheer scope of opportunity raises many questions for investors.There are risks competitive,regulatory and market risk,among others.But with healthcare undergoing such massive change,and the rapid pr
243、ogress of AI and robotics,how safe are current,traditional healthcare investment strategies?We believe that healthcare is fundamentally about the most effective application of knowledge in order to keep people healthy.As knowledge progresses,it is theinvestor who has the power to bring that knowledg
244、etolife.New entrants,minimally invasive surgical robots17 14 Markets and Markets(Feb 2017).http:/ Bank of America(2016).http:/ Bank of America(2016).http:/ 17 MedDeviceOnline(February 12,2016).New Entrants to Open Up Surgical Robotics Market.https:/ What doctor?Why AI and robotics will define New He
245、althTransformingFindingsConclusionReferencesAboutContactsInvestmentIntroductionRise of the robotsAI investments heats upRise of the robotsAlongside AI,robotics is becoming one of the hottest new markets in tech.According to IDC,the overall market has been growing at a compound rate of 17%a year and
246、will be worth US$135bn by 2019,with a boom taking place in Asia,Japan andChina.Markets and Markets estimates that the market for healthcare robotics will grow to US$11.4bn by 202014.Surgical robots comprise the largest component of the medical robotics market,according to IndustryArc,specifically th
247、e use of robots to facilitate minimally invasive surgery(see box-out).Changes soon could cause something of a shift in power around the operating table.Surgical robots may cease to be dumb,programmable machines and transform into smart assistants.Yet there is also growing opportunity in the home hea
248、lthand end of life care space for robots.The global personal robot market,including care-bots,could reach US$17.4bn by 2020,according to Frost&Sullivan,driven by rapidly ageing populations,a looming shortfall of care workers,and the need to enhance performance and assist rehabilitation of the el
249、derly and physically handicapped.Japan is leading the way with one-third of the government budget on robots devoted to the elderly.The Japanese care-bot market alone is estimated to grow from US$155m in 2015 to US$3.728 billion by 2035(source:Ministry of Economy,Trade&Industry)15.Bionics,exoskel
250、etons and the next generation wearable robot are also becoming a reality and could revolutionise how we treat and care for those with diminished or lost functions due to ageing or physical challenges and injuries.The rehabilitation robot market was estimated at US$203m in 2014 and is expected grow t
251、o US$1.1bn by 202116.The sheer scope of opportunity raises many questions for investors.There are risks competitive,regulatory and market risk,among others.But with healthcare undergoing such massive change,and the rapid progress of AI and robotics,how safe are current,traditional healthcare investm
252、ent strategies?We believe that healthcare is fundamentally about the most effective application of knowledge in order to keep people healthy.As knowledge progresses,it is theinvestor who has the power to bring that knowledgetolife.New entrants,minimally invasive surgical robots17 14 Markets and Mark
253、ets(Feb 2017).http:/ Bank of America(2016).http:/ Bank of America(2016).http:/ 17 MedDeviceOnline(February 12,2016).New Entrants to Open Up Surgical Robotics Market.https:/ What doctor?Why AI and robotics will define New HealthTransformingFindingsConclusionReferencesAboutContactsInvestmentIntroducti
254、onRise of the robotsAI investments heats upNew entrants,minimally invasive surgical robots17Verb Surgical is working with Johnson&Johnsons Ethicon and Alphabet Incs Verily to develop the generation of surgical robots,incorporating advanced visualisation,machine learning,data analytics and connec
255、tivity.Mazor Robotics Renaissance surgical guidance system transforms spine surgery from freehand procedures to guided procedures.Mazors ADSs trade on the NASDAQ under the symbol MZOR.The company reported a 54%year-over-year Q4 2015 revenue increase to US$8.8m.TransEnterix is a medical device compan
256、y that is pioneering the use of robotics to improve minimally invasive surgery.They are developing and commercialising its ALF-X System,a multi-port robotic surgery system that enables up to four arms to control robotic instruments and a camera,and its SurgiBot System,a single-incision,patient-side
257、robotic-assisted surgery system.Titan Medical is a development stage company that is developing its SPORT(Single Port Orifice Robotic Technology)Surgical System composed of a surgeon-controlled robotic platform with 3D vision and interactive instrument control for performing minimally invasive surge
258、ry.The company believes SPORT will enable surgeons to perform procedures within small-to medium-size surgical spaces for general abdominal,gynecologic,and urologic indications.The company is pre-revenue.The company recently raised CAD$15.1m through a public offering.Hansen Medical develops,manufactu
259、res,and sells medical robotics designed for the positioning,manipulation,and control of catheters.The companys Magellan Robotic System controls the proprietary Magellan Robotic Catheter,a telescoping and robotically steerable catheter.In 2016 the FDA approved Hansens Magellan Robotic Catheter eKit a
260、nd a few days later,the company announced its first clinical procedure with the Magellan in the US.Stereotaxis designs,manufactures,and markets robotic systems and instruments for the treatment of abnormal heart rhythms.Its products include the Niobe ES robotic system and Vdrive system.Stereotaxis h
261、as strategic alliances with Siemens and Philips Medical Systems.The company recently reported its first quarter of positive free cash flow of US$1.6m which management indicated helped drive a 71%reduction in 2015 annual cash burn,For FY 2015,Stereotaxis registered total revenue of US$37.7m,which rep
262、resented an 8%year-over-year improvement.The public is readyIn November 2016,we asked YouGov Research to conduct a survey of the general public across Europe,the Middle East and Africa(EMEA)to understand 3 things:if there was the appetite to engage with AI and robots for healthcare;the circumstances
263、 under which there would be greater or lesser willingness to do so;and,the perceived advantages and disadvantages of using AI and robots in healthcare.We surveyed over 12,000 people across 12 countries and the evidence strongly indicates that there is a growing enthusiasm among consumers to engage i
264、n new ways with new technology for their health and wellness needs.The message is clear;the public is ready and willing to substitute AI and robotics for humans.Emerging economies are significantly more willing to engage with the new technologies.These countries have mixed degrees of healthcare cove
265、rage(Turkey enacted universal healthcare in 2003,for example)but lower per capita health spend compared to developed economies.Some still have access constraints and quality disparities between public and private care.Countries in the Middle East sit in the middle of our survey results.These countri
266、es have a longer history with universal coverage and spend two to three times more per capita on healthcare than other emerging markets,but are affected by workforce issues and capacity constraints18.However,there is generally a surprisingly high willingness among all respondents to engage with AI a
267、nd robots,regardless of country,gender or age.From fitness advice,monitoring and counsel on diabetes and heart conditions,to both minor and major surgery,we found that consumers across demographics are willing to consider non-traditional options for managing and treating their health.But behind that
268、 message is a lot of important information that has implications for how these new technologies will shape New Health.The findings of the survey suggest three key themes that are impacting how consumers are willing to engage with AI androbotics:People are increasingly willing to engage with AI and r
269、obots if it means better access to healthcare;Speed and accuracy of diagnosis and treatment is a critical factor for this willingness;and Trust in the technology is vital for wider use and adoption;the human touch remains a key component of the healthcareexperience.Trends did emerge across regions p
270、eople in those countries with well-established,and therefore more rigid,healthcare systems were willing to engage with a non-human healthcare provider,but less so than those in countries where healthcare still has the ability to shape and form.In fact,for all questions throughout the survey a patter
271、n can be seen between developed and emerging economies:Developed economies with entrenched healthcare systems characterised by a high per capita health spend and a long legacy of universal healthcare coverage delivering good overall value occupy the bottom half of the scale where respondents were le
272、ss willing to rely on AI.Continued18 Total health expenditure(THE)in the developed economies in our survey(e.g.UK,Northern and Central Europe)ranges between$3,377 and$6,347 per capita.Middle East countries range between$2,400-3,000 per capita.South Africa and Turkeys THE per capita is around$1,000,w
273、hile Nigeria has the lowest in the sample at$217 per capita.All amounts are Int$(PPP)for 2014.Source:WHO Global Health Expenditure DatabaseWhat doctor?Why AI and robotics will define New HealthTransformingInvestmentConclusionReferencesAboutContactsFindingsIntroductionWill robots replace surgeons?Ser
274、vice preferencesThe new imperatives for healthcareThe public is readyWill AI replace the consultation?Will AI replace the consultation?The human face-to-face element of healthcare is traditionally cited as vital to healthcare.And yet most doctors probably spend more time going over medical records a
275、nd interpreting data from tests and other medical interventions than actually spending time with their patients.As weve noted,there is already existing technology that can perform these functions.This may well evolve into a human-like interface for patients and consumers of healthcare services eithe
276、r remotely or in a clinical environment where the experience will feel like an interaction with a real doctor.How willing are patients to interact with such technology?We asked our survey participants to consider advanced computer technology or robots with AI that had the ability to answer health qu
277、estions,perform tests,make a diagnosis based on those test and symptoms,and recommend and administer treatment.We wanted to understand how willing they would be to engage with this technology if it was more accessible and could process health information faster and more efficiently than their doctor
278、 or other health professional.As a whole,across EMEA there is more willingness than unwillingness to engage with AI and robots,with more than half willing(54%),one-third unwilling(38%)and 7%neither willing nor unwilling.While there was generally high willingness to engage with AI and robots across a
279、ll countries,a clear pattern emerged:Nigeria,Turkey and South Africa are significantly the most willing(94%,85%and 82%respectively).Two-thirds of the Middle East are willing,with percentages statistically the same across theregion.The Netherlands(55%),Belgium(51%),Norway(50%)and Sweden(48%)are less
280、willing yet still represent a significant percentage of the sample.Germany and the UK are the only countries where unwillingness(51%and 50%respectively)is greater than willingness(41%and 39%respectively).But the variation across countries should not be taken to mean there are not opportunities in ev
281、ery country for AI and robotics to be adopted.In every country,a highly significant proportion of the population is willing to engage with AI and robotics for healthcare services.Yet the findings clearly suggest that implementation is key the introduction of AI and robotics for these services will n
282、eed a different approach in the different countries.Yet when we looked at the individual country data,there were interesting findings.From almost four out of ten respondents in the UK(39%)to more than nine out of ten in Nigeria(95%),willingness to talk to and interact with a device,platform or robot
283、 with artificial intelligence varied widely.Source:PwC surveyFigure 2:Percentage of respondents willing/unwilling to engage with AI and robotics for their healthcare needs(total sample)WillingUnwillingNeither willingnor unwilling54%38%7%0102030405060708090100Nigeria94%6%85%11%82%16%66%24%65%24%62%26
284、%55%39%51%43%50%39%48%44%41%51%39%50%TurkeySouth AfricaSaudi ArabiaQatarUAENetherlandsBelgiumNorwaySwedenGermanyNet:WillingUKNet:UnwillingSource:PwC surveyFigure 3:Percentage of respondents willing/unwilling to engage with AI and robotics for their healthcare needs(by country)ContinuedWhat doctor?Wh
285、y AI and robotics will define New HealthTransformingInvestmentConclusionReferencesAboutContactsFindingsIntroductionWill AI replace the consultation?Will robots replace surgeons?Service preferencesThe new imperatives for healthcareThe public is readyWill AI replace the consultation?The human face-to-
286、face element of healthcare is traditionally cited as vital to healthcare.And yet most doctors probably spend more time going over medical records and interpreting data from tests and other medical interventions than actually spending time with their patients.As weve noted,there is already existing t
287、echnology that can perform these functions.This may well evolve into a human-like interface for patients and consumers of healthcare services either remotely or in a clinical environment where the experience will feel like an interaction with a real doctor.How willing are patients to interact with s
288、uch technology?We asked our survey participants to consider advanced computer technology or robots with AI that had the ability to answer health questions,perform tests,make a diagnosis based on those test and symptoms,and recommend and administer treatment.We wanted to understand how willing they w
289、ould be to engage with this technology if it was more accessible and could process health information faster and more efficiently than their doctor or other health professional.As a whole,across EMEA there is more willingness than unwillingness to engage with AI and robots,with more than half willin
290、g(55%),one-third unwilling(38%)and 7%neither willing nor unwilling.While there was generally high willingness to engage with AI and robots across all countries,a clear pattern emerged:Nigeria,Turkey and South Africa are significantly the most willing(94%,85%and 82%respectively).Two-thirds of the Mid
291、dle East are willing,with percentages statistically the same across theregion.The Netherlands(55%),Belgium(51%),Norway(50%)and Sweden(48%)are less willing yet still represent a significant percentage of the sample.Germany and the UK are the only countries where unwillingness(51%and 50%respectively)i
292、s greater than willingness(41%and 39%respectively).But the variation across countries should not be taken to mean there are not opportunities in every country for AI and robotics to be adopted.In every country,a highly significant proportion of the population is willing to engage with AI and robotic
293、s for healthcare services.Yet the findings clearly suggest that implementation is key the introduction of AI and robotics for these services will need a different approach in the different countries.Yet when we looked at the individual country data,there were interesting findings.From almost four ou
294、t of ten respondents in the UK(39%)to more than nine out of ten in Nigeria(95%),willingness to talk to and interact with a device,platform or robot with artificial intelligence varied widely.Source:PwC surveyFigure 2:Percentage of respondents willing/unwilling to engage with AI and robotics for thei
295、r healthcare needs(total sample)WillingUnwillingNeither willingnor unwilling54%38%7%0102030405060708090100Nigeria94%6%85%11%82%16%66%24%65%24%62%26%55%39%51%43%50%39%48%44%41%51%39%50%TurkeySouth AfricaSaudi ArabiaQatarUAENetherlandsBelgiumNorwaySwedenGermanyNet:WillingUKNet:UnwillingSource:PwC surv
296、eyFigure 3:Percentage of respondents willing/unwilling to engage with AI and robotics for their healthcare needs(by country)ContinuedWhat doctor?Why AI and robotics will define New HealthTransformingInvestmentConclusionReferencesAboutContactsFindingsIntroductionWill AI replace the consultation?Will
297、robots replace surgeons?Service preferencesThe new imperatives for healthcareThe public is readySource:PwC surveyFigure 2:Percentage of respondents willing/unwilling to engage with AI and robotics for their healthcare needs(total sample)WillingUnwillingNeither willingnor unwilling54%38%7%Will AI rep
298、lace the consultation?The human face-to-face element of healthcare is traditionally cited as vital to healthcare.And yet most doctors probably spend more time going over medical records and interpreting data from tests and other medical interventions than actually spending time with their patients.A
299、s weve noted,there is already existing technology that can perform these functions.This may well evolve into a human-like interface for patients and consumers of healthcare services either remotely or in a clinical environment where the experience will feel like an interaction with a real doctor.How
300、 willing are patients to interact with such technology?We asked our survey participants to consider advanced computer technology or robots with AI that had the ability to answer health questions,perform tests,make a diagnosis based on those test and symptoms,and recommend and administer treatment.We
301、 wanted to understand how willing they would be to engage with this technology if it was more accessible and could process health information faster and more efficiently than their doctor or other health professional.As a whole,across EMEA there is more willingness than unwillingness to engage with
302、AI and robots,with more than half willing(55%),one-third unwilling(38%)and 7%neither willing nor unwilling.While there was generally high willingness to engage with AI and robots across all countries,a clear pattern emerged:Nigeria,Turkey and South Africa are significantly the most willing(94%,85%an
303、d 82%respectively).Two-thirds of the Middle East are willing,with percentages statistically the same across theregion.The Netherlands(55%),Belgium(51%),Norway(50%)and Sweden(48%)are less willing yet still represent a significant percentage of the sample.Germany and the UK are the only countries wher
304、e unwillingness(51%and 50%respectively)is greater than willingness(41%and 39%respectively).But the variation across countries should not be taken to mean there are not opportunities in every country for AI and robotics to be adopted.In every country,a highly significant proportion of the population
305、is willing to engage with AI and robotics for healthcare services.Yet the findings clearly suggest that implementation is key the introduction of AI and robotics for these services will need a different approach in the different countries.Yet when we looked at the individual country data,there were
306、interesting findings.From almost four out of ten respondents in the UK(39%)to more than nine out of ten in Nigeria(95%),willingness to talk to and interact with a device,platform or robot with artificial intelligence varied widely.Source:PwC surveyFigure 2:Percentage of respondents willing/unwilling
307、 to engage with AI and robotics for their healthcare needs(total sample)WillingUnwillingNeither willingnor unwilling54%38%7%0102030405060708090100Nigeria94%6%85%11%82%16%66%24%65%24%62%26%55%39%51%43%50%39%48%44%41%51%39%50%TurkeySouth AfricaSaudi ArabiaQatarUAENetherlandsBelgiumNorwaySwedenGermanyN
308、et:WillingUKNet:UnwillingSource:PwC surveyFigure 3:Percentage of respondents willing/unwilling to engage with AI and robotics for their healthcare needs(by country)ContinuedWhat doctor?Why AI and robotics will define New HealthTransformingInvestmentConclusionReferencesAboutContactsFindingsIntroducti
309、onWill AI replace the consultation?Will robots replace surgeons?Service preferencesThe new imperatives for healthcareThe public is ready0102030405060708090100Nigeria94%6%85%11%82%16%66%24%65%24%62%26%55%39%51%43%50%39%48%44%41%51%39%50%TurkeySouth AfricaSaudi ArabiaQatarUAENetherlandsBelgiumNorwaySw
310、edenGermanyNet:WillingUKNet:UnwillingSource:PwC surveyFigure 3:Percentage of respondents willing/unwilling to engage with AI and robotics for their healthcare needs(by country)Will AI replace the consultation?There were some distinctions with regards to gender men were generally more willing than wo
311、men(62%versus 56%),yet women were significantly more willing than men in Turkey(91%versus 80%),Norway(57%versus 42%)and Sweden(54%versus 41%).There were surprisingly little differences between age groups,with even those over the age of 55 almost evenly split between willingness and unwillingness.010
312、203040506070809010018 2469%26%67%33%62%38%55%45%49%51%25 3435 4445 5455+Net:WillingNet:UnwillingSource:PwC surveyFigure 4:Percentage of respondents willing/unwilling to engage with AI and robotics for their healthcare needs(by age)We then wanted to understand how people felt about receiving health a
313、dvice and information remotely,from an intelligent healthcare assistant,via a smartphone,tablet or personal computer in a situation that involved their own health and also for a loved one(such as parent,spouse or child).We asked them to imagine a specific health situation in each case.For their own
314、situation,we asked them about remote diabetes monitoring and recommendations for any treatment or lifestyle changes that were necessary this would involve taking pulse and blood pressure,testing blood sugar levels,checking kidney function,and monitoring weight and level of exercise.01020304050607080
315、90100Nigeria95%5%89%9%84%15%74%16%72%24%67%23%60%34%59%28%58%36%53%38%51%41%47%40%TurkeySouth AfricaSaudi ArabiaQatarUAENetherlandsBelgiumNorwaySwedenGermanyNet:WillingUKNet:UnwillingSource:PwC surveyFigure 5:Percentage of respondents willing/unwilling to use an intelligent healthcare assistant via
316、a smartphone,tablet or personal computerWhen the situation involved a loved one,the respondents were less willing,though not substantially so.Specifically,we asked them to imagine that a loved one was feeling unwell and they needed advice about treatment.This would involve making a diagnosis based o
317、n their symptoms,medical history and vital signs(pulse,blood pressure and temperature).While the patterns from country-to-country remained consistent,with significantly higher willingness for Nigeria,Turkey and South Africa,and high willingness across the Middle East,respondents across Northern and
318、Western Europe expressed significantly less willingness.In Sweden,Germany and the UK those who were reluctant to use this technology for their loved ones outnumbered those who would be willing.Again,percentages of willingness remained high,reinforcing the indication for different implementationstrat
319、egies.This was the pattern across all countries with the exceptions of Nigeria,where the most willing were aged 18-24(95%)and over the age of 45(100%),and Turkey,where willingness increased with age(from 82%to 89%).The patterns remained consistent with the willingness to engage face-to-face,with the
320、 exception of Germany and the UK,where respondents were more willing than unwilling in this specific situation,even though they remained the least willing and most unwilling of all the countries.0102030405060708090100Nigeria91%9%85%12%79%20%70%21%64%32%56%33%53%37%48%46%48%46%45%46%42%49%34%54%Turke
321、ySouth AfricaSaudi ArabiaQatarUAENorwaySwedenNetherlandsBelgiumGermanyNet:WillingUKNet:UnwillingFigure 6:Percentage of respondents willing/unwilling to use an intelligent healthcare assistant via a smartphone,tablet or personal computer for a loved one(e.g.child,parent).Source:PwC survey What doctor
322、?Why AI and robotics will define New HealthTransformingInvestmentConclusionReferencesAboutContactsFindingsIntroductionWill AI replace the consultation?Will robots replace surgeons?Service preferencesThe new imperatives for healthcareThe public is readyWill AI replace the consultation?There were some
323、 distinctions with regards to gender men were generally more willing than women(61%versus 55%),yet women were significantly more willing than men in Turkey(91%versus 80%),Norway(57%versus 42%)and Sweden(54%versus 41%).There were surprisingly little differences between age groups,with even those over
324、 the age of 55 almost evenly split between willingness and unwillingness.010203040506070809010018 2469%26%67%33%62%38%55%45%49%51%25 3435 4445 5455+Net:WillingNet:UnwillingSource:PwC surveyFigure 4:Percentage of respondents willing/unwilling to engage with AI and robotics for their healthcare needs(
325、by age)We then wanted to understand how people felt about receiving health advice and information remotely,from an intelligent healthcare assistant,via a smartphone,tablet or personal computer in a situation that involved their own health and also for a loved one(such as parent,spouse or child).We a
326、sked them to imagine a specific health situation in each case.For their own situation,we asked them about remote diabetes monitoring and recommendations for any treatment or lifestyle changes that were necessary this would involve taking pulse and blood pressure,testing blood sugar levels,checking k
327、idney function,and monitoring weight and level of exercise.0102030405060708090100Nigeria95%5%89%9%84%15%74%16%72%24%67%23%60%34%59%28%58%36%53%38%51%41%47%40%TurkeySouth AfricaSaudi ArabiaQatarUAENetherlandsBelgiumNorwaySwedenGermanyNet:WillingUKNet:UnwillingSource:PwC surveyFigure 5:Percentage of r
328、espondents willing/unwilling to use an intelligent healthcare assistant via a smartphone,tablet or personal computerWhen the situation involved a loved one,the respondents were less willing,though not substantially so.Specifically,we asked them to imagine that a loved one was feeling unwell and they
329、 needed advice about treatment.This would involve making a diagnosis based on their symptoms,medical history and vital signs(pulse,blood pressure and temperature).While the patterns from country-to-country remained consistent,with significantly higher willingness for Nigeria,Turkey and South Africa,
330、and high willingness across the Middle East,respondents across Northern and Western Europe expressed significantly less willingness.In Sweden,Germany and the UK those who were reluctant to use this technology for their loved ones outnumbered those who would be willing.Again,percentages of willingnes
331、s remained high,reinforcing the indication for different implementationstrategies.This was the pattern across all countries with the exceptions of Nigeria,where the most willing were aged 18-24(95%)and over the age of 45(100%),and Turkey,where willingness increased with age(from 82%to 89%).The patte
332、rns remained consistent with the willingness to engage face-to-face,with the exception of Germany and the UK,where respondents were more willing than unwilling in this specific situation,even though they remained the least willing and most unwilling of all the countries.0102030405060708090100Nigeria
333、91%9%85%12%79%20%70%21%64%32%56%33%53%37%48%46%48%46%45%46%42%49%34%54%TurkeySouth AfricaSaudi ArabiaQatarUAENorwaySwedenNetherlandsBelgiumGermanyNet:WillingUKNet:UnwillingFigure 6:Percentage of respondents willing/unwilling to use an intelligent healthcare assistant via a smartphone,tablet or personal computer for a loved one(e.g.child,parent).Source:PwC survey What doctor?Why AI and robotics will define New HealthTransformingInvestmentConclusionReferencesAboutContactsFindingsIntroductionWill AI re
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