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1、河南省黃河流域生物多樣性保護戰略與行動計劃May 2023Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan in the Yellow River Basin in Henan Province2023年5月（2024-2030年）河南省林業生態建設發展中心目錄CONTENTS1 1河南黃河流域生物多樣性價值和保護狀況2 2Biodiversity Values and Conservation生物多樣性保護戰略和行動計劃3 3Strategy of Biodiversity Conservation and Action Plan4 45 5介紹Introducti

2、on 河南黃河流域生物多樣性保護優先區域Priority Areas of Biodiversity Conservation生物多樣性保護面臨的挑戰Challenges for biodiversity conservation介紹Introduction河 南 黃 河 流 域 位 于 河 南 省 中 北 部，地 理 坐 標 在 東 經110211166，北緯3339367之間。本項目具體研究范圍是指水文意義上的黃河流域。自陜西潼關進入河南，西起靈寶市，東至臺前縣，河道總長711公里，流域面積3.6萬平方公里，占黃河流域總面積的5%，占河南省總面積的21.7%，涉及10個省轄市（濟源示范區）

3、52個縣（市、區）。The Yellow River Basin in Henan Province is located in the northcentral part of Henan Province.Its geographical coordinates arebetween 11021 1166 E and 3339 36 7 N.The YellowRiver enters Henan from Tongguan,Shaanxi Province,starts fromLingbao City in the West and reaches Taiqian County in

4、the East.The total length of the river course is 711km and the drainagearea is 36,000 square kilometers,accounting for 5%of the totalarea of the Yellow River Basin and 21.7%of the total area ofHenan Province.The scope of the project involves 10 provincialcities(Jiyuan demonstration area)and 52 count

5、ies(cities anddistricts).Topographic and Geomorphic Distribution Map of Henan Province項目范圍Project Background項目區共涉及常住人口3,054.51萬人，城鎮化率60%，人口密度603人/平方公里。項目區土地總面積390萬公頃，其中耕地210萬公頃，占總面積的53.76%；水域13萬公頃，占3.3%；林地82萬公頃，21.11%；草地35萬公頃，占9.07%；建設用地49萬公頃，占12.70%。The project area involves a total of 30.5451 mill

6、ion permanent residents,with an urbanization rate of 60%and a population density of 603 people per square kilometer.The total land area of the project area is 3.9 million hectares,of which 2.1 million hectares are cultivated land,accounting for 53.76%of the total area;130,000 hectares of water,accou

7、nting for 3.3%;820,000 hectares of forest land,accounting for 21.11%;350,000 hectares of grassland,accounting for 9.07%;490,000 hectares of construction land,accounting for 12.70%.項目范圍Project Background項目描述 Project Profile：項目地點：河南省黃河流域項目周期：2022年1月21日-2023年12月31日項目資金：30萬美元執行機構：河南省林業局實施機構：河南省林業生態建設發展中

8、心項目目的：支持河南省政府部門加強河南省黃河流域的生物多樣性保護Project Location:Yellow River basin in Henan ProvinceDuration:January 21,2022 to December 31,2023.Amount:USD 0.3 millionExecuting agency:Henan Forestry AdministrationImplementing Agency:Forestry Ecological Construction Development Center of HFA.Objective:Support relev

9、ant departments of Henan Province to strengthen the biodiversity conservation in the Yellow River Basin in Henan Province項目概述Project Profile and Introduction項目成果和產出 Project Outcome and Outputs：項目成果：加強河南省黃河生物多樣性和生態系統服務保護Outcome:Conservation of Yellow River biodiversity and ecosystem services in Henan

10、 Province strengthened 產出 1：分析省級保護政策框架和黃河生物多樣性及生態系統服務價值 Output 1:Analysis of provincial conservation policy framework and Yellow River biodiversity and ecosystem service values produced.產出 2：編制河南省黃河流域五年生物多樣性戰略和行動計劃Output 2:Five-year Biodiversity strategy and action plan for the Yellow River basin in

11、 Henan Province prepared.產出 3：加強生物多樣性保護方面的知識和能力Output 3:Knowledge and capacity on biodiversity conservation enhanced.項目概述Project Profile and Introduction 啟動報告、中期報告、終期報告 Inception report,midterm report and final report 一份河南省黃河流域五年生物多樣性戰略和行動計劃 A Five-year BSAP of Henan Province in the Yellow River Bas

12、in 三份技術指南 Three technical guidelines for biodiversity conservation 一份關于技援調查結果的技術書籍 A technical book publication on the TA findings 一份簡短的視頻紀錄片 A brief video documentary 一份政策簡報 A policy brief 兩次技術培訓 Two technical trainings項目成果Deliverables技援團隊Team IntroductionPositionName of SpecialistOrganizationNatio

13、nal Team Leader/Wetland Specialist國內組長/濕地專家ZHANG Mingxiang張明祥Beijing Forestry University北京林業大學National Deputy Team Leader/Forest Ecologist國內副組長/森林生態專家YAN Dongfeng閆東鋒HenanAgricultural University河南農業大學International Biodiversity and Conservation Planning Specialist國際生物多樣性和保護規劃專家Christoph ZOCKLERSelf-em

14、ployed獨立專家National Natural Capital and Ecosystem Services Specialist國內自然資本和生態系統服務專家XIE Gaodi謝高地UniversityofScienceandTechnology of China中國科學技術大學National Policy and Legal Specialist國內政策和法律專家LI Zhou李周Self-employed獨立專家National Finance Specialist國內財務專家YAO Shunbo姚順波Northwest A&F University西北農林科技大學Nationa

15、l Hydrological and Climate Change Specialist國內水文和氣候變化專家XU Hongmei許紅梅National Climate Center中國氣象局國家氣候中心National Geographic Information System and Mapping Specialist國內地理信息系統和制圖專家DENG Tan鄧坦Henan Forestry Investigationand Planning Institute河南省林業調查規劃院NAREE Project Manager納睿項目經理LI Yue李悅NAREENAREE Project

16、Assistant納睿項目助理SHEN Xuanrong申軒榕NAREENAREE Project Director納睿項目總監WANG Mengjue王夢玨NAREENAREE Project Director納睿項目總監ZHOU Lijun周麗君NAREE生物多樣性價值和保護狀況Biodiversity Values and Conservation河南是中國生物多樣性最豐富的省份之一，重點野生動植物物種保護率達95%。河南省黃河流域位于我國第二階梯和第三階梯的過渡地區，地處氣候帶交匯區，是我國生物多樣性的關鍵地帶，是我國中西部重要生態保護屏障和物種基因庫。河南黃河流域植被分布具有明顯的地

17、帶性；黃河干流及其支流魚類資源豐富，三門峽水庫和小浪底水庫是大型魚類聚集地；河南黃河流域也是候鳥的重要越冬地和繁殖地，已知觀測到的鳥類約有336種，其中國家一級重點保護鳥類有20種。Henan is one of the provinces with the richest biodiversity in PRC,with a keywildlife species conservation rate of 95%.The Yellow River basin in HenanProvince is located in the transition area between the PRCs

18、 Second and ThirdLadder,and is situated at the north-south climate geographic boundary of PRC.Ithas the special geographical location and is a key zone of biodiversity in PRC andan important ecological protection barrier and species gene pool in central andwestern PRC.The vegetation characteristics

19、of the Yellow River basin in HenanProvince have obvious zonal characteristics,influenced by climate and topography,showing the transitional nature of different zones and the complexity.The mainstream of Yellow River and its tributaries are rich in fish resources.The SanmenxiaReservoir and Xiaolangdi

20、 Reservoir are large fish gathering places.The YellowRiver basin in Henan is an important wintering area and resting place for migratorybirds.There are 20 national schedule I protected wildlife species and 53 nationalschedule II protected species in the TA area.Topographic and Geomorphic Distributio

21、n Map of Henan Province01 概述Overview根據國家重點保護野生動植物名錄（2021年），河南黃河流域存在國家一級保護植物7種，分別為：銀杏、紅豆杉、南方紅豆杉、水杉、紫斑牡丹、曲莖石斛、華山新麥草。According to the List of National Key Protected Wild Animals and Plants(2021),there are 7 national schedule 1 protected plantsin the Yellow River basin in Henan Province,namely:Ginkgo bi

22、loba,Taxus wallichiana var.chinensis,Taxus wallichiana var.mairei,Metasequoia glyptostroboides,Paeonia suffruticosa var.papaveracea,Dendrobium flexicaule,Psathyrostachys huashanica.銀杏（分布廣泛，嵩縣集中分布）Ginkgo biloba(widely distributed,concentrated in Song County)紅豆杉（分布廣泛）Taxus chinensis(widely distributed

23、)南方紅豆杉（分布廣泛）Taxus chinensis var.mairei(widely distributed)植物Plant02項目區生物多樣性價值Biodiversity Values in the Project Area水杉（伏牛山）Metasequoia glyptostroboides(Funiu Mountain)紫斑牡丹Paeonia Paeonia rockiirockii曲莖石斛Dendrobium Dendrobium flexicauleflexicaule華山新麥草PsathyrostachysPsathyrostachys huashanicahuashanic

24、a生物多樣性價值 Biodiversity Values02項目區生物多樣性價值Biodiversity Values in the Project Area哺乳動物 Mammals區域內共有62種哺乳動物。國家一級保護哺乳動物4種，分別為豹、豺、大靈貓、林麝。According to the point data distribution map in the Chinese Mammals Guide(2008),62 mammal species have been recorded in the TA area.There are 4national first-class prote

25、cted mammals,namely,Panthera pardus，Cuon alpinus,Viverra zibetha,and Moschus berezovskii.鳥類 Birds黃河流域濕地是遷徙候鳥的重要越冬地和停歇地，有336個物種。包括20個受國家野生動物保護一級保護的物種和另外53種二級保護的物種。一級保護物種包括青頭潛鴨、中華秋沙鴨、大鴇、卷羽鵜鶘、小青腳鷸、彩鹮、獵隼、黃胸鹀、2種鸛類、3種鶴類、7種鷹科鳥類。The wetlands in the Yellow RiverBasin are important wintering and resting place

26、s for migratory birds,with336speciesincluding20speciesundernationalfirst-classprotection and 53 species under second-class protection.First-classprotected species includeAythya baeri，Mergus squamatus，Otis tarda，Pelecanus crispus，Tringa guttifer，Plegadis falcinellus，Falco cherrug，Emberiza aureola，2 s

27、pecies of storks,3 species of cranes,and 7 speciesof eagles林麝Moschus berezovskii大鴇Otis tarda青頭潛鴨Aythya baeri02項目區生物多樣性價值Biodiversity Values in the Project Area爬行動物 Reptiles河南現生爬行動物計有2目8科28種。其中烏龜為國家二級保護動物。There are 28 species of reptiles living in Henan,belonging to 8 families and 2 orders.Among them

28、,the Mauremys reevesii is a national second level protected animal.兩棲動物 Amphibians河南省現有兩棲動物計有2目6科13種。大鯢和寧陜齒突蟾2種為國家二級保護動物，其中大鯢為我國特有珍稀瀕危兩棲動物。There are 13 species of amphibians in Henan province,belonging to 2 ordersand 6 families.Among them,two species,Andrias davidianus and Scutigerningshanensis,are

29、second-class protected animals in China,and the giantsalamander is a rare and endangered amphibian unique to China.魚類 Fish河南黃河流域的魚類117種，分別隸屬于9目24科69屬。鯉科各亞科屬種分布變化鯉科是最大科，分布于9個亞科。There are 117 species of fish in the Yellow River Basin in Henan province,belonging to 9 orders,24 families,and 69 genera.Th

30、e Cyprinus family is thelargest family,distributed in 9 subfamilies.黃河鯉魚Cyprinus carpio大鯢Andrias davidianus虎紋蛙Hoplobatrachusrugulosus02項目區生物多樣性價值Biodiversity Values in the Project Area現有自然保護地85個，面積占流域總面積的10.20%。自然保護區、濕地公園等各類自然保護地的設立，使項目區國家重點保護野生動植物保護率達到95%以上。national wetland parks,which are mainly d

31、istributed in the coastalareas of the main and tributaries of the Yellow River basin.The key河南省黃河流域重點的森林保護地和以森林為生境的野生動物類型的自然保護地包括3個國家級自然保護區、3個省級自然保護區和11個國家級森林公園，總面積27.26萬公頃，其中黃河流域重點森林保護地面積14.23萬公頃。The key forest protected areas in the Yellow River basin in HenanProvince and the protected areas of wi

32、ldlife with forests as habitatinclude 3 national nature reserves,3 provincial nature reserves and 11national forest parks,with a total area of 272,600 hectares,including142,300 hectares of key forest protected areas in the Yellow Riverbasin.河南省黃河流域重點的濕地保護地和以濕地為生境的野生動物類型的自然保護地共包括2個國家級自然保護區、3個省級自然保護區和

33、5個國家級濕地公園，重點濕地保護地涉及黃河流域面積12.92萬公頃。The key wetland protected areas in the Yellow River basin in HenanProvince and the protected areas of wildlife with wetland as habitatinclude 2 national nature reserves,3 provincial nature reserves and 5national wetland parks,which are mainly distributed in the coas

34、tal03 生物多樣性保護現狀Conservation Status 保護區網絡 Protected area network流域內自然保護地主要分布在太行山、伏牛山及黃河流域的干支流沿岸地區，保護地內分布有大量天然林、天然濕地。通過建立保護地，有效保護河南省重要的森林、濕地生態系統和野生動植物物種。The protected areas in the basin are mainly distributed inthe Taihang Mountain,Funiu Mountain and the coastalareas of the main and tributaries of the

35、 Yellow Riverbasin.There are a large number of natural forests andnatural wetlands in the protected areas.Through theestablishment of the protected areas,it can effectively 河南黃河流域生物多樣性保護工作成效顯著。各級各類保護地通過打擊破壞野生動物棲息地的專項行動和自然保護地建設工程，使野生動植物棲息地得到有效保護，一些珍稀、瀕危野生動植物的數量得到明顯增加，流域生態環境明顯改善。相對于未被保護的臨近區域，各類自然保護地的植

36、被和野生動物棲息地生態環境明顯改善，現有的植被得到充分的發育，物種數量明顯增加。The biodiversity conservation in the Yellow River basin in Henan Province has achieved remarkable results.Various protected areas have effectively protected the habitats of wild animals and plants through specialactions to combat the destruction of wildlife ha

37、bitats and nature reserve construction projects,and thenumbers of some rare and endangered wild animals and plants have been significantly increased.03生物多樣性保護現狀Conservation Status 保護成效 Conservation Effectiveness 生物多樣性威脅 Biodiversity Threat 河南黃河流域生物多樣性遭受威脅的主要原因包括：生態系統退化、氣候變化、社區居民生產生活、重大建設工程（包括高速公路、水利

38、工程等）、旅游開發、環境污染、外來物種入侵等。The main threats to the biodiversity of the Yellow River basin in Henan Province include:degradation ofecological functions,climate change,production and living of community residents,major constructionprojects(including highways and water conservancy projects),tourism develop

39、ment,environmental pollutionand invasion of alien species.生物多樣性保護面臨的挑戰Challenges for Biodiversity Conservation黃河流域人類活動頻繁，過度放牧、采砂、排污、圍墾等嚴重影響著黃河流域的生態系統健康，而且黃河流域生態系統類型多樣并對全球變化敏感，導致生態系統結構和功能退化以及生物多樣性降低。河南黃河流域生態系統本底脆弱，大部分地區屬于半干旱、半濕潤地區，經過長期發展已成為生態系統負荷“過滿狀態”，這集中表現在水資源嚴重短缺、生態破壞和環境污染，“水少”已成為黃河流域保護和發展的主要瓶頸。Hu

40、man activities are frequent in the Yellow River basin.Overgrazing,sandmining,sewagedischarge,reclamation,etc.seriously affect the health of the ecosystem in the Yellow Riverbasin.Moreover,the ecosystem in the Yellow River basin isdiverseandsensitivetoglobalchange,resultinginthedegradation of the eco

41、system structure and function and thereduction of biodiversity.The ecosystem of the Yellow River basin in Henan Province isfundamentally fragile,with most areas belonging to semi-arid andsemi humid regions.After long-term development,it has becomean overloaded ecosystem,which is mainly manifested in

42、 severewater resource shortage,ecological damage,and environmentalpollution.Water scarcity has become the main bottleneck for theprotection and development of the Yellow River basin技援概述 存在不足Project Profile-Shortcomings 2、河南黃河流域生物多樣性面臨諸多挑戰 Challengesfaced by the Biodiversity of Henan Yellow River Bas

43、in（1）目前，河南黃河流域內濕地面積占比較小，且受人類活動影響大；森林生態系統簡單，林齡普遍較低，人工林多而天然林少。生境破碎化嚴重，野生植物保護亟待加強，野生動物棲息地亟待修復和保護。(1)The biodiversity of the Yellow River Basin in Henan Provincefaces many challenges.At present,the wet area of the YellowRiver Basin in Henan is relatively small and greatly affected byhuman activities;The

44、 forest ecosystem is simple,with generallylower forest age,more artificial forests and less natural forests.The habitat is severely fragmented,and the protection of wildplants urgently needs to be strengthened.The habitat of wildanimals urgently needs to be repaired and protected.技援概述 存在不足Project Pr

45、ofile-Shortcomings濟源黃河三峽三門峽靈寶破碎化的山區植被 河南黃河流域生物多樣性面臨諸多挑戰Challenges faced bythe Biodiversity of Henan Yellow River Basin（2）黃河城市段旅游開發嚴重，對生態平衡產生了潛在威脅。河南黃河流域的三門峽市、洛陽市地處我國北亞熱帶向暖溫帶過渡區，保存有典型過渡區的物種多樣性，具有很高的生物多樣性保護價值，但是該區也是礦產開發區，生態系統受損和生境破碎化嚴重，存在嚴重的生態系統退化和生物多樣性喪失的風險，生態系統服務功能急需提升。(2)The intensive tourism devel

46、opment in the urban area along theYellow River poses a potential threat to ecological balance.Sanmenxia City and Luoyang City of the Yellow River basin inHenan Province are located in the transition zone from thenorthern subtropical zone to the warm temperate zone in PRC.They preserve the species di

47、versity of the typical transition zone,and have high biodiversity conservation value.However,this zoneis also a mineral development zone,with serious ecosystemdamage and habitat fragmentation.There is a risk of seriousecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss,and the ecosystemservice function need

48、s to be improved urgently.技援概述 存在不足Project Profile-Shortcomings小浪底黃河三峽景區 河南黃河流域現有生態修復與生物多樣性保護理念、方法和技術體系有待完善。The existing ecological restoration andbiodiversity protection concepts、methods and technology system in the Yellow River Basin of Henan Provinceand is yet to be improved.在生物多樣性保護中，一方面，現有的生態修復

49、與生物多樣性方法和技術還有待完善，需要進一步加強以指導生物多樣性工作實踐。另一方面，頂層設計，因地制宜、分類施策的建設與管理模式還需要加強。In biodiversity conservation,on one hand,the existing ecological restoration and biodiversity conservation methods andtechnologies should be improved for the guidance on biodiversity conservation.On the other hand,The construction

50、 andmanagement model of tailored and classified policies still needs to be strengthened.技援概述 存在不足Project Profile-Shortcomings黃河濕地修復，楊樹林？退魚塘還濕地，黃河濕地 法律和政策框架。生物多樣性保護法律和政策體系尚不完善。相關部門間的合作機制有待繼續加強。Thelegal and policy system of biodiversity conservation is not perfect,The cooperation mechanism betweenrele

51、vant departments needs to be further strengthened。生物多樣性保護還沒有主流化。公眾參與保護的積極性不夠高，對生物多樣性的重要性認識不足，特別是對重要動植物資源保護意識不夠強。Biodiversity conservation has not yet been mainstreamed.The public isnot sufficiently aware of the importance of biodiversity,especially the awareness of protecting importantplant and anim

52、al resources.生物多樣性基礎調查、監測和評估能力有待提高。Biodiversity basic survey,monitoring and assessmentcapacity needs to be improved.保護管理經費不足。建設管理運行經費普遍缺乏，保護管理機構不完善，與其他職能存在交叉重疊，生物多樣性保護工作強度大；生物多樣性保護執法體制、機制尚未理順，執法難度大；從事野生動植物保護的隊伍薄弱，人員素質不能很好適應高質量生物多樣性保護工作的要求。Insufficient funds for protection andmanagement.There is a ge

53、neral lack of funds for construction management and operation,incompleteprotection management institutions,overlapping with other functions,and a high intensity of biodiversityprotection work;The law enforcement system and mechanism for biodiversity conservation have not beenrationalized,making law

54、enforcement difficult;The team engaged in wildlife conservation is weak,and thepersonnel quality cannot adapt well to the requirements of high-quality biodiversity conservation work.02生物多樣性保護存在的管理挑戰Challenges faced by biodiversity conservation生物多樣性保護戰略和行動計劃Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Acti

55、on Plan中國幅員遼闊，陸海兼備，地貌和氣候復雜多樣，孕育了豐富而又獨特的生態系統、物種和遺傳多樣性，是世界上生物多樣性最豐富的國家之一。黃河流域是連接青藏高原、黃土高原、華北平原的生態廊道，擁有三江源、祁連山等多個國家公園和國家重點生態功能區，構成我國重要的生態屏障，支持著全球重要的生物多樣性價值。河南省黃河地處黃河中下游，屬我國西部山地、丘陵與東部平原的過渡地帶，地理位置獨特，生態系統多樣，物種豐富，是遷徙候鳥的重要越冬地和停歇地。為進一步加強河南黃河流域的生物多樣性保護工作，有效彌補區域生物多樣性保護空缺，迎接新問題和新挑戰，亞行生態修復與生物多樣性技援團隊編制了河南黃河流域生物多樣

56、性戰略與行動計劃（2024-2030年，以下簡稱“行動計劃”）。01 背景BackgroundBiodiversity is the sum of ecological complexes formed by living organisms(animals,plants,microorganisms)and theenvironment and the various ecological processes associated with them.Biodiversity is essential to human well-being,providing the foundation

57、for human survival and development.The Yellow River basin is an ecological corridor connecting theQinghai Tibet Plateau,the Loess Plateau and the North China Plain.It has many national parks and national key ecologicalfunctional areas such as the Three-River-Source National Park and the Qilian Mount

58、ains.It plays an important role in thePRCs ecological construction layout and constitutes an important ecological barrier in PRC.The Yellow River in HenanProvince is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River,which is a transition zone between the mountainoushills in the west and th

59、e plains in the east of PRC,with a unique geographical location,diverse ecosystems and rich species,and is an important wintering ground and resting place for migratory birds.To strengthen the biodiversity conservation in theYellow River basin in Henan Province and effectively respond to new issues

60、and challenges of biodiversity conservationfaced in the region,the Project has prepared the draft Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan(BSAP)in the Yellow River Basinin Henan Province(2024-2030).在對項目區生物多樣性的現狀特點、物種保護情況、保護政策框架、自然資產和生態系統服務價值進行詳細分析論述的基礎上，本行動計劃按照國家要求，結合河南黃河流域實際情況，提出了到2030年和2050年生物多樣性保護行動

61、目標，制定了河南黃河流域生物多樣性保護策略、行動計劃以及保障措施，為今后一段時期內河南黃河流域生物多樣性保護工作的開展提供一定的參考價值和指導。02 目的ObjectiveBased on a detailed analysis and discussion of the current characteristics of biodiversity,species conservation,conservation policy framework,and natural capital and ecosystemservice values of the project area,the

62、BSAP,in accordance with national requirements and incombination with the actual situation of the Yellow River basin in Henan Province,proposesaction objectives for biodiversity conservation by 2030 and 2050,and strategies,action plans,and supporting measures for biodiversity conservation in the Yell

63、ow River basin of HenanProvince.It will provide certain reference and guidance for the implementation of biodiversityconservation in the Yellow River basin of Henan Province in the future.以黃河保護法為遵循，立足黃河流域生態保護與高質量發展，堅持生態優先、綠色發展，以有效應對生物多樣性面臨的挑戰、全面提升河南黃河流域生物多樣性保護水平為目標，扎實推進生物多樣性保護重大工程，持續加大監督和執法力度，進一步提高保

64、護能力和管理水平，確保河南黃河流域重要生態系統、生物物種和生物遺傳資源得到全面保護，將生物多樣性保護理念融入生態文明建設全過程，共建萬物和諧的美麗家園。The overall goal is to achieve the conservation of key ecosystems,biological species and biological geneticresources in the Yellow River basin in Henan Province and integrate the concept of biodiversity conservationinto the

65、entire process of ecological civilization construction to build a harmonious home for all living beings,guided by the Yellow River Protection Law,based on ecological protection and high-quality development inthe Yellow River basin,adhering to ecological priority and green development,aiming at effec

66、tivelyaddressing the challenges facing biodiversity and comprehensively improving the level of biodiversityconservation in the Yellow River Basin in Henan Province,as well as through promoting major biodiversityconservation projects,continuing to increase supervision and law enforcement,and further

67、improving theprotection capacity and management level.指導思想 Guiding Ideology04 生物多樣性保護戰略與行動計劃Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Plan 保護優先，持續恢復。牢固樹立尊重自然、順應自然、保護自然的生態文明理念，堅持保護優先、自然恢復為主。Prioritize protection and continue restoration.Respect nature and conservation first.It shall firmlyestablish the

68、ecological civilization concept of respecting nature,responding to nature,protecting nature,adhere to the priority of protection,natural restoration.健全體制，統籌推進。在河南省委、省政府的領導下，發揮統籌協調作用，完善年度工作調度機制。各有關單位各司其職，協調一致，密切配合，互通信息，有序推進河南黃河流域生物多樣性保護工作。Improve the system and make overall progress.Under the leaders

69、hip of the Henan Provincial PartyCommittee and the Peoples Government of Henan Province,improving the annual work schedulingmechanism.All relevant agencies should perform their respective duties,coordinate,cooperate closely,exchange information,and orderly promote the biodiversity conservation of th

70、e Yellow River basin inHenan Province.基本原則Basic Principles04 生物多樣性保護戰略與行動計劃Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Plan 科學規劃，合理利用。遵循科學規律，合理規劃，促進河南黃河流域生物資源可持續利用，科學、合理和有序地利用河南黃河流域的生物資源。Scientific plan and rational utilization.It shall follow scientific laws,make reasonable planning,promote the sustaina

71、ble utilization of biological resources in the Yellow River basin in Henan Province,and make scientific,reasonable and orderly utilization of biological resources in the Yellow River basin inHenan Province.政府主導，多方參與。發揮河南省沿黃地區各級政府在生物多樣性保護中的主導作用，加大管理、投入和監督力度，建立健全企事業單位、社會組織和公眾參與生物多樣性保護的長效機制，提高社會各界保護生物多

72、樣性的自覺性和參與度。Government-led and multi-party participation.It shall give full play to the leading role of governmentsat all levels in the biodiversity conservation along the Yellow River in Henan Province,increasemanagement,investment and supervision efforts,establish and improve a long-term mechanism

73、forenterprises,institutions,social organizations and the public to participate in the biodiversity conservation,improve the awareness and participation of all sectors of society in the biodiversity conservation.基本原則 Basic Principles04 生物多樣性保護戰略與行動計劃Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Plan 到2030年，

74、全面完成河南黃河流域生物多樣性保護優先區域的本底調查與評估，構建河南黃河流域生物多樣性監測網絡和相對穩定的生物多樣性保護空間格局，以自然保護區為基礎的自然保護地占陸域面積的10.50%（現有的占10.20%），濕地保護率達到52.0%（現有的占50.0%），退塘還自然濕地4980公頃，國家重點保護野生動植物物種保護率達到97%，超過90%的陸地生態系統類型得到有效保護，形成生物多樣性可持續利用機制，基本建立河南黃河流域生物多樣性保護相關政策、法規、制度、標準和監測體系。By 2030,Henan Province fully complete the baseline survey and a

75、ssessment of priority areas forbiodiversity conservation in the Yellow River basin in Henan,builds a biodiversity monitoring network anda relatively stable spatial pattern for biodiversity conservation.The protected areas based on naturalreserves accounts for 10.50%of the land area(the existing ones

76、 account for 10.20%),the wetlandprotection rate reaches,52.0%(the existing ones account for 50.0%),and 4,980 hectares of the pondsare returned to natural wetlands,the protection rate of the number of species of wildlife under nationalkey protection reaches 97%,more than 90%of the terrestrial ecosyst

77、em types are effectively protected,amechanism for sustainable utilization of biodiversity is formed,and the relevant policies,regulations,systems,standards and monitoring systems for biodiversity conservation in the Yellow River basin inHenan Province are basically established.戰略目標 Strategic Goals04

78、 生物多樣性保護戰略與行動計劃Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Plan 到2050年，河南黃河流域生物多樣性保護政策、法規、制度、標準和監測體系全面完善，形成統一有序的河南黃河流域生物多樣性保護空間格局，森林、河湖、濕地等自然生態系統狀況實現根本好轉，自然保護地占河南黃河流域陸域國土面積的11.0%以上，典型生態系統、國家重點保護野生動植物物種、瀕危野生動植物及其棲息地得到全面保護，生物遺傳資源獲取與惠益分享、可持續利用機制全面建立，保護生物多樣性成為公民自覺行動，形成生物多樣性保護推動綠色發展和人與自然和諧共生的良好局面。By 2050,the

79、biodiversity conservation policies,regulations,systems,standards and monitoring systemsin the Yellow River basin in Henan are comprehensively improved,a unified and orderly spatial pattern ofbiodiversity conservation in the Yellow River basin of Henan is formed.The condition of naturalecosystems suc

80、h as forests,rivers,lakes and wetlands is fundamentally improved,the area of protectedareas accounts for more than 11.0%of the land area of the Yellow River basin in Henan.Typicalecosystems,national key protection wildlife species,endangered wildlife and their habitats arecomprehensively protected,t

81、he mechanism of access to biogenetic resources,benefit sharing andsustainable use is fully established.Biodiversity conservation becomes a conscious action of citizens,anda good situation of biodiversity conservation promoting green development and harmonious coexistencebetween human beings and natu

82、re is formed.戰略目標 Strategic Goals04 生物多樣性保護戰略與行動計劃Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Plan1、完善生物多樣性保護相關政策、法規和制度 Improve relevant biodiversity conservation policy,laws and regulations.具體行動包括：4個行動，即（1）制定生物多樣性保護和可持續利用的政策，（2）建立生物多樣性保護與可持續利用的法規體系，（3）加快建立和完善生態補償機制，（4）建立和完善生物多樣性保護和管理機構，完善跨部門協調機制。Include

83、 4 specific actions:(1)formulating policies for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use,(2)establishing a regulatorysystem for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use,(3)accelerating the establishment and improvement of ecologicalcompensation mechanisms,(4)establishing and improving biod

84、iversity conservation and management institutions,andimproving cross-departmental coordination mechanisms.2、推動生物多樣性主流化，將生物多樣性保護納入其他行業（例如：農業、交通）相關規劃 Promote the mainstreaming ofbiodiversity and integrate biodiversity conservation into the relevant planning of other sectors(such as agriculture andtran

85、sportation)具體行動包括：3個行動，即（1）加強生態環境和林業部門生物多樣性主流化工作，將生物多樣性保護納入部門和區域規劃；（2）建立重要生態功能區，劃定生態保護紅線；（3）加大生物多樣性執法力度，遏止野生動植物資源破壞。Include 3 specific actions:(1)strengthening the mainstreaming of biodiversity in the ecology and environment and forestryagencies,and integrating biodiversity protection into sectoral

86、and regional planning;(2)Establishing important ecologicalfunctional areas and delineating ecological protection red lines;(3)Strengthening biodiversity law enforcement efforts to curbthe destruction of wildlife resources.戰略任務 Strategic Tasks04 生物多樣性保護戰略與行動計劃Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Pl

87、an3、優化保護地空間結構，增加自然生態系統連通性和完整性 Optimize the spatial structure of protected areas and increase theconnectivity and integrity of natural ecosystems具體行動包括：3個行動，即（1）加強生物多樣性保護優先區域的保護；（2）加強自然保護地的連通性和完整性建設；（3）加強自然保護地外的重要物種及其生境的保護。Include 3 specific actions:(1)strengthening the protection of priority areas f

88、or biodiversity conservation;(2)Strengthening theconnectivity and integrity construction of protection areas;(3)Strengthening the protection of important species and theirhabitats outside protected areas.4、促進生物多樣性保護與資源開發、利用和價值實現的協調 Promote the coordination between biodiversity conservation andresour

89、ce development,utilization and value realization具體行動包括：3個行動，即（1）開展生態系統價值評估和價值量化；（2）促進生物多樣性資源的可持續利用；（4）推動生物多樣性價值的實現。Include 3 specific actions:(1)conducting ecosystem value assessment and value quantification;(2)Promoting the sustainableuse of biodiversity resources;(4)Promoting the realization of th

90、e value of biodiversity.戰略任務 Strategic Tasks04 生物多樣性保護戰略與行動計劃Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Plan5、加大生物多樣性保護能力建設，提高應對生物多樣性面臨的新威脅和挑戰的能力 Enhance capacity building for biodiversityconservation and improve the ability to respond to new threats and challenges that biodiversity faced具體行動包括：3個行動，即（1

91、）加強自然保護區的能力建設與可持續管理；（2）加強生物多樣性保護與可持續利用人才的引進和培養；（3）制定生物多樣性保護應對氣候變化的行動計劃。Include 3 specific actions:(1)strengthening the capacity building and sustainable management of protection areas;(2)Strengthening the introduction and cultivation of talents for biodiversity conservation and sustainable utilizati

92、on;(3)Developing anaction plan for biodiversity conservation in response to climate change.6、加強生物多樣性本底調查和監測評估工作 Strengthen the background investigation and monitoring and evaluation of biodiversity具體行動包括：4個行動，即（1）開展生物物種資源和生態系統本底調查，建設生物多樣性保護基礎信息；（2）開展生物多樣性監測和預警，建立監測網絡和專業隊伍；（3）加強生物多樣性保護信息共享平臺建設；（4）開展生

93、物多樣性綜合評估。Include 4 specific actions:(1)conducting a background survey of biological species resources and ecosystems,and buildingbasic information for biodiversity conservation;(2)carrying out biodiversity monitoring and early warning,establishingmonitoring networks and professional teams;(3)strengt

94、hening the construction of a biodiversity conservation informationsharing platform;(4)conducting a comprehensive assessment of biodiversity.戰略任務 Strategic Tasks04 生物多樣性保護戰略與行動計劃Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Plan7、加強氣候變化下水資源風險管控，維持生物多樣性的韌性和恢復力 Strengthen the risk management and control of wa

95、terresources under climate change and maintain the resilience of biodiversity具體行動包括：4個行動，即（1）加強氣候變化對水資源的影響評估和風險預估；（2）推進氣候變化對優先物種和關鍵生物多樣性區域影響的監測和評估；（3）加強水利工程運行的水文生態和環境影響監測；（4）制定實施生態流量保障方案，加強監管確保生態用水。Include 4 specific actions:(1)strengthening the impact assessment and risk estimation of climate chang

96、e on water resources;(2)promoting the monitoring and assessment of the impact of climate change on priority species and key biodiversity regions;(3)strengthening the monitoring of hydrological ecology and environmental impacts during the operation of water conservancy projects;(4)developing and impl

97、ementing ecological flow guarantee plans,and strengthening supervision to ensure ecological water use.8、加強社區生物多樣性科普教育，提升公眾參與能力 Strengthen science popularization education on biodiversity and improve thepublic participation mechanism具體行動包括：3個行動，即（1）加強生物多樣性科普教育工作；（2）建立公眾廣泛參與機制；（3）推動建立生物多樣性保護伙伴關系。Inclu

98、de 3 specific actions:(1)strengthening biodiversity science popularization education;(2)establishing a mechanism forbroad public participation;(3)promoting the establishment of partnerships for biodiversity conservation.04 生物多樣性保護戰略與行動計劃 戰略任務 Strategic TasksBiodiversity Conservation Strategy and Pla

99、nPriority Areas of Biodiversity Conservation生物多樣性保護優先區域河南黃河流域位于具有重要生物多樣性保護價值的區域內。在全球層面，WWFs Global 200項目數據表明，作為地球上142個陸地生態區之一，中國西南溫帶森林包含了河南黃河流域的伏牛山、熊耳山、小秦嶺等部分區域。Yellow River basin in Henan Province is located withinthe area with important biodiversity conservation value.At the international level,th

100、e WorldWildlife Fund(WWF)Global 200 project shows that as one of the 142 terrestrial ecologicalregions on earth,temperate forests in Southwest PRC include some areas such as FuniuMountain,Xionger Mountain and Xiaoqinling Mountain in the Yellow River basin of HenanProvince中國生物多樣性保護優先區域范圍（2015年）劃定的35個

101、生物多樣性保護優先區域中，涉及黃河流域的有2個。這2個區域分別是太行山生物多樣性保護優先區域和秦嶺生物多樣性保護優先區域。Among the 35 priority areas for biodiversity conservation defined in theScope of Priority Areas for Biodiversity Conservation in China(2015),2 involve the YellowRiver Basin,which are Taihang Mountain priority areas for biodiversity conserv

102、ation andQingling priority areas for biodiversity conservation.根據河南省國土空間規劃（2021-2035年），河南省規劃建設小秦嶺-伏牛山國家公園、太行山國家公園、大別山國家公園3處國家公園，其中前2個均在河南黃河流域，因此，該區域生態修復和保護意義重大。According to the Land and Spatial Planning of Henan Province(2021-2035),Henan Province plans to build three national parks:the Xiaoqinling-F

103、uniuMountain National Park,the Taihang Mountain National Park,and the Dabie MountainNational Park,with the first two located in the Yellow River Basin of Henan Province.Therefore,ecological restoration and protection in this region are of great significance.優先保護區域 Area for priority protection項目區生物多樣

104、性價值及保護識別Biodiversity Values in the Project Area and Identification of Conservation Priorities 06 河南黃河流域生物多樣性保護優先區域Priority Areas of Biodiversity ConservationAccording to the natural environment condition of HenanProvince,the characteristics of biodiversity and thedirection of conservation and utiliz

105、ation,with referenceto the previous gap analysis and considering the localcontext,six priority areas for biodiversity conservationwereidentified,whichareTaihangMountainBiodiversity Conservation Priority Area,XiaoqinlingBiodiversity Conservation Priority Area,XiongerMountain Biodiversity Conservation

106、 Priority Area,Funiu Mountain Biodiversity Conservation PriorityArea,HenanYellowRiverWetlandBiodiversityConservation Priority Area,and Xinxiang YellowRiverWetlandBirdBiodiversityConservationPriority Area.根據空缺分析，結合實際情況，綜合判定，確定6個生物多樣性保護優先區域，分別是太行山生物多樣性保護優先區域、小秦嶺生物多樣性保護優先區域、熊耳山生物多樣性保護優先區域、伏牛山生物多樣性保護優先區

107、域、河南黃河濕地生物多樣性保護優先區域、新鄉黃河濕地鳥類生物多樣性保護優先區域。06 河南黃河流域生物多樣性保護優先區域Priority Areas of Biodiversity Conservation太行山生物多樣性保護優先區域 Taihang Mountain Biodiversity Conservation Priority Area該區域主要有河南太行山獼猴國家級自然保護區，是中國生物多樣性保護優先區域范圍中的“太行山生物多樣性保護優先區域”的重要組成部分，該區森林是河南省太行山地唯一幸存的林相較好的天然森林植被，是重要的水源涵養林區。The region mainly incl

108、udes the Taihang Mountain Macaque National Nature Reserve in Henan Province.This area is an important part of the priorityarea for biodiversity conservation in Taihang Mountain,which is within the scope of priority areas for biodiversity conservation in PRC.The forest in thisarea is the only natural

109、 forest vegetation with good forest appearance that survives in Taihang Mountain in Henan Province,and is an important waterconservation forest area.小秦嶺生物多樣性保護優先區域 Xiaoqingling Biodiversity Conservation Priority Area該區域含有小秦嶺國家級自然保護區，是中國生物多樣性保護優先區-秦嶺生物多樣性保護優先區的重要組成部分，地跨我國南北地理分界線，具有重要的生態系統功能。The regio

110、n mainly includes Xiaoqinling National Nature Reserve.This area is an important part of the Qinling biodiversity conservation priority areawithin the scope of PRCs biodiversity conservation priority area.It is located at the north-south geographical boundary of PRC and belongs to thetemperate and wa

111、rm temperate transition zone forest ecosystem.熊耳山生物多樣性保護優先區域 Xionger Mountain Biodiversity Conservation Priority Area該區域含有洛陽熊耳山省級自然保護區，是中國生物多樣性保護優先區域-秦嶺生物多樣性保護優先區域的重要組成部分，主要保護對象為暖溫帶與北亞熱帶過渡帶森林生態系統和和金錢豹、金雕、黑鸛、林麝等重要物種及其棲息地。This area mainly includes Luoyang Xionger Mountain Provincial Nature Reserve,whi

112、ch is an important part of the Qinling Mountain biodiversityconservation priority area within the scope of PRCs biodiversity conservation priority area.The main protection objects are the comprehensive forestecosystem in the transition zone,rare and endangered species,precious tree species and their

113、 living environment.06 河南黃河流域生物多樣性保護優先區域Priority Areas of Biodiversity Conservation伏牛山生物多樣性保護優先區域 Funiu Mountain Biodiversity Conservation Priority Area該區域包含伏牛山國家級自然保護區，是中國生物多樣性保護優先區域范圍中的秦嶺生物多樣性保護優先區域的重要組成部分，主要保護對象為過渡帶綜合性森林生態系統和銀杏、紅豆杉、豹、林麝、黑鸛、金雕、白肩雕、白尾海雕等重要物種及其棲息地。This area mainly includes Funiu Mou

114、ntain National Nature Reserve,which is an important part of the Qinlingbiodiversity conservation priority area within the scope of PRCs biodiversity conservation priority area.河南黃河濕地生物多樣性保護優先區域Henan Yellow River Wetland Biodiversity ConservationPriority Areas該區域含有河南黃河濕地國家級自然保護區，主要保護對象是三門峽水庫、小浪底水庫、黃河

115、干流及周邊濕地和珍稀瀕危物種及其生存環境。The region mainly includes Henan Yellow River Wetland National Nature Reserve.The main protectedobjects are Sanmenxia Reservoir,Xiaolangdi Reservoir,the main stream of the Yellow River andsurrounding wetlands,rare and endangered species,precious tree species and their living env

116、ironment.新鄉黃河濕地鳥類生物多樣性保護優先區域 Xinxiang Yellow River Wetland Bird BiodiversityConservation Priority Area該區域含有新鄉黃河濕地鳥類國家級自然保護區。主要保護對象為珍稀候鳥和棲息地，以及黃河下游特有的內陸濕地生態系統，重點保護對象是大鴇、鶴類、天鵝及其它珍稀水禽和濕地生態環境。This area mainly includes Xinxiang Yellow River Wetland Bird National Nature Reserve.The main protectionobjects are rare migratory birds and habitats,as well as the unique inland wetland ecosystem in the lowerreaches of the Yellow River,and the key protection objects are the Otis tarda,Gruidae,Cygnus and otherrare waterbirds and wetland ecological environment.青頭潛鴨（新鄉鳥類保護區）Aythya baeri(Xinxiang Birds Reserve)